PMID- 699646 TI - Assessment of the sterility of long-term cardiac catheterization using the thermodilution Swan-Ganz catheter. AB - Fifty-seven patients requiring catheterization with a thermodilution Swan-Ganz catheter in the surgical intensive care unit were prospectively studied to determine the incidence and significance of positive pulmonary arterial blood cultures. Nonseptic (group 1) and septic (group 2) patients were identified, with subdivision of the groups into A and B classes contingent upon a negative or positive pulmonary arterial blood culture respectively. In the nonseptic group, there were no positive blood cultures, provided there was only one catheterization (Swan-Ganz), less than three repositionings of the catheter, and discontinuation of the catheterization within 72 hours after insertion. Although the septic group followed this pattern, 25 percent incidence of positive pulmonary arterial blood cultures was present within the 72-hour period. We believe that the thermodilution Swan-Ganz catheter is presently a valuable clinical tool and does not predispose the patient to an excessive infectious disease risk. PMID- 699647 TI - The role of myocardial ischemia in pacing-induced elevation of arterial pressure. AB - One hundred sixteen patients with suspected or proven coronary arterial disease underwent rapid atrial pacing until the occurrence of pain in the chest or a heart rate of at least 160 beats per minute. Significant elevation of arterial systolic pressure of 25 percent or more above control was observed in 17 patients. Each of these patients had significant coronary arterial disease shown by coronary arteriographic studies. During rapid atrial pacing, each of these 17 patients had pain in the chest and ST-segment changes suggesting ischemia, and 15 had abnormal (less than 10 percent) extraction of myocardial lactate. In the 99 patients who did not have increased arterial systolic pressure during rapid atrial pacing, the frequencies of coronary arterial disease, ischemic ST-segment changes, and abnormal extraction of lactate during rapid atrial pacing were significantly (P less than 0.05) less. Increased arterial systolic pressure during rapid atrial pacing appears to be highly indicative of coronary arterial disease and myocardial ischemia. We suggest that myocardial ischemia may, under certain circumstances, be responsible for short-term increases in arterial pressure. PMID- 699648 TI - Thoracoscopy: technique and results in eighteen patients with pleural effusion. AB - Eighteen patients with pleural effusion were examined. Nine patients had malignant neoplasm and in one the pleura was diffusely involved. Nine patients had pleural effusion of inflammatory origin. One of these was due to tuberculosis, one to trichinosis and the other seven were nonspecific. Thoracotomy in three of these seven failed to add additional information. All patients tolerated pneumothorax well with equilibration of pleural space and atmospheric pressure. PMID- 699649 TI - Perplexing pleural effusion. AB - Twenty-seven patients with perplexing pleural effusion were studied to determine clinical outcome. The value of performing pleuroscopic examination or open pleural biopsy (or both) in search of a diagnosis was assessed. After a mean follow-up period of six months, a diagnosis was reached in 16 patients, while 11 patients had no diagnosis after a mean follow-up period of 24 months. The causes for the effusions were neoplasm (eight patients), tuberculosis (one patient), blastomycosis (one patient), systemic lupus erythematosus (one patient), pulmonary infarction (two patients), and fractures of the ribs (three patients). The diagnosis was made by pleuroscopic examination or open biopsy in five patients, by autopsy in four, and by long-term follow-up studies in seven patients. When neoplasm or granulomatous disease was not suspected before surgery, pleuroscopic examination or open biopsy or both were nondiagnostic. These data support a policy of selecting patients for these procedures when a presumptive diagnosis of neoplasm or granulomatous disease is made but cannot be confirmed by less invasive methods. When the clinical data are too nonspecific to formulate a meaningful clinical impression, a more conservative approach is recommended. PMID- 699650 TI - Reliability of single-lead and multiple-lead electrocardiography during and after exercise. PMID- 699651 TI - Detection of ventricular ectopy in patients with coronary heart disease and normal subjects by exercise testing and ambulatory electrocardiography. AB - Maximal exercise testing and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic recording (Holter monitor) were utilized in the detection of ventricular ectopy in 90 patients with stable chronic coronary heart disease and in 30 normal subjects. Although the occurrence of any ventricular ectopic activity, as detected by either or both methods, was common, the incidence was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in patients with coronary heart disease (86 percent; 77/90), as compared to that in normal subjects (40 percent; 12/30). Ventricular arrhythmia was more frequently detected by the 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic recording, being found in 70 of the 90 patients with coronary heart disease and in ten of the 30 normal subjects. In comparison, exercise testing disclosed ventricular ectopy in 56 of the 90 patients with coronary heart disease and in two of the 30 normal subjects. Multiform and repetitive patterns of ventricular ectopy were detected twice as commonly by continuous electrocardiographic recording than with exercise testing, and these patterns were present in one-half of the patients with coronary heart disease. Both methods of examination adjunctively disclosed more ventricular ectopy than either method alone. PMID- 699652 TI - Diastolic rumbles with porcine heterograft prosthesis in the atrioventricular position. Normal or abnormal prosthesis? AB - Three patients with porcine atrioventricular valves (two mitral, one tricuspid) with diastolic rumbles and presystolic murmurs are presented. Full hemodynamic and angiographic studies demonstrated moderate to severe prosthetic stenosis, even in the one patient who was minimally symptomatic. Diastolic murmurs across atrioventricular porcine heterografts indicate prosthetic stenosis until proved otherwise by full hemodynamic and angiographic studies. If the studies indicate normal function of the device and calculated prosthetic valve area that is small for the patient, then it must be recognized that the device is hemodynamically "stenotic" for that particular patient (valve prosthesis--patient mismatch). PMID- 699653 TI - Myocardial involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. A noninvasive study of left ventricular function. AB - A relatively high incidence of heart failure is noted among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without clearly defined clinical causes. To evaluate left ventricular performance in patients with SLE without evidence of cardiovascular disease, noninvasive measurement of the systolic time intervals was carried out. Simultaneous recording of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid arterial pulsation were obtained in 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and compared with 22 normal subjects. The patients with SLE had a shorter left ventricular ejection time (P less than 0.05), a longer pre-ejection period (P less than 0.02) and an increased ratio of pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time (P less than 0.005). These abnormalities on ventricular function were independent of age, duration of the disease, hypertension, renal involvement, anemia, immunologic activity and corticosteroid treatment. Several etiologic possibilities are discussed and the clinical usefulness of this method to detect and follow-up the cardiac dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus is emphasized. PMID- 699654 TI - An effect of paraquat on the lungs of rabbits. Its implications in smoking contaminated marihuana. AB - Thirty-six rabbits received the herbicide, paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4' dipyridylium dichloride), by selective intrabronchial instillation in doses ranging from 0.1 gm to 1 pg. Sixteen additional rabbits were given paraquat dichloride (25 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intravenously, or orally. The lung of the rabbit proved to be highly sensitive to paraquat administered by intrabronchial deposition, moderately sensitive to intravenously administered paraquat, and resistant to the chemical when given intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. One picogram of paraquat dichloride delivered by bronchial catheter produced a 1.0-mm pulmonary lesion consisting of focal hemorrhage, congestion of capillaries, intra-alveolar macrophages, and moderate thickening of the alveolar septa. This finding suggests that pulmonary damage could potentially result from smoking marihuana that has been sprayed with paraquat. PMID- 699655 TI - Correlation of biochemical and morphologic manifestations of acute pulmonary fibrosis in rats administered paraquat. AB - Rats were administered 24 mg/kg of paraquat intraperitoneally. One, two, three, six and seven days after this injection, the rats were evaluated by several toxicologic, biochemical, and morphologic criteria. These included determinations of weight loss, visible lung hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, in vitro protein and collagen biosynthesis rates of lung tissue, and staining properties of lung sections. Morphologic evidence of mild edema was seen at day 1, while more severe edema was observed at days 2 through 7. Weight loss was apparent from day 1 throughout the experiment. In vitro protein biosynthesis rates by tissue were elevated above control values from day 3 onwards, while collagen biosynthesis rates were elevated from day 2 onwards. Increased staining with the Gomori reagent was observed from day 1, while increased staining with van Gieson's or Masson's trichrome appeared by day 2 or 3. PMID- 699656 TI - Regional differences in the lung. PMID- 699657 TI - Persistent and exaggerated pulmonary ejection click after successful closure of atrial septal defect. PMID- 699658 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Alternating bundle branch block. PMID- 699659 TI - Roentgenogram of the month. Multiple bilateral rib fractures with extrapleural masses. PMID- 699660 TI - Metastatic atrial myxoma presenting as intracranial mass. PMID- 699661 TI - Dynamic tricuspid valve insufficiency produced by a right ventricular thrombus from a pacemaker. AB - Acquired tricuspid valve incompetence was caused by a mobile thrombus attached to a permanent right ventricular endocardial electrode wire. The rarity of this complication is noted and the importance of its consideration in the proper setting is stressed. Diagnosis was made by angiography and confirmed at surgery. PMID- 699662 TI - Chylous reflux syndrome involving the pericardium and lung. AB - A ten-year-old boy with symptom-free pulmonary interstitial edema and pericardial effusion was found to have a chylous reflux syndrome involving the pericardium and lung. Evidence suggests that unlike patients with isolated primary chylopericardium in whom pericardial window and/or ligation of the thoracic duct is curative, those with chylous reflux should be managed medically since the morbidity and mortality of surgical treatment is high in this syndrome. PMID- 699663 TI - Trifascicular and complete heart block with anterior myocardial infarction. Electrocardiographic patterns and long-term medical management. AB - A 45-year-old man exhibited various patterns of delay in trifascicular conduction, culminating in complete heart block during acute myocardial infarction. A temporary pacemaker was utilized for the short period of heart block. Delay in ventricular conduction subsided, and the patient refused implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Ventricular irritability, which was detected eight months later, was suppressed with administration of digitalis, guided by testing with acetylstrophanthidin. Neither heart block nor delay in ventricular conduction recurred during 43 months after the infarction. In certain patients with heart block complicating anterior myocardial infarction, long-term prognosis may be dictated by coronary and myocardial residual function, rather than by the hazard of recurrent heart block. PMID- 699664 TI - Papillomas of the tracheobronchial tree with malignant degeneration. AB - Papillomas are rare tumors of the respiratory tract, which are usually considered benign. We studied a male patient with adult onset of squamous papillomatosis involving both the trachea and the bronchi, with malignant degeneration. When we obtained specimens bronchoscopically, only the bronchial lesions showed carcinomatous changes. Thoracotomy demonstrated carcinoma in the tracheal lesion as well. We conclude that transbronchoscopic biopsy may be inadequate in the evaluation of papillomatosis. PMID- 699665 TI - Aortic valve replacement for ochronosis of the aortic valve. AB - A patient with generalized ochronosis developed severe cardiovascular symptoms related to ochronotic deposits on the aortic valve and in the coronary arteries. A transvalvular gradient of 100 mm Hg and obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery were found by catheterization. Aortic valvular replacement and aortocoronary bypass were performed successfully, and the patient has been well two years since operation. This represented the first reported case of aortic valve replacement for this rare metabolic condition. With increased mobility of these patients due to aggressive orthopedic joint treatment, more patients with this syndrome may require surgery for cardiovascular symptoms. PMID- 699666 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in concussion. AB - A patient is described in whom electrocardiographic changes simulating acute nontransmural myocardial infarction occurred in association with head trauma. Despite extensive noninvasive investigation, including computerized axial tomography and myocardial scanning, no acute structural central nervous system or cardiac abnormality could be detected. A review of the literature failed to reveal a similar case of these electrocardiographic changes occurring in the absence of organic brain or cardiac pathology. PMID- 699667 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. PMID- 699668 TI - Tricuspid endocarditis in a drug addict; detection of tricuspid vegetations by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 699669 TI - Purulent pericarditis due to Neisseria mucosa. PMID- 699670 TI - Right atrial mass simulated echocardiographically by a Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 699671 TI - Problems with prolonged endotracheal intubations. PMID- 699672 TI - Retropharyngeal abscess and endotracheal intubation. PMID- 699673 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscope-related outbreak of infection with Pseudomonas. PMID- 699674 TI - Streptomycin pharmacokinetics in malnutrition. AB - Pharmacokinetic parameters of streptomycin such as plasma concentration, plasma half-life, urinary excretion, and in vitro and in vivo binding to plasma proteins were studied in undernourished and well-nourished individuals. None of the parameters studied were different in undernourished subjects as compared to those in well-nourished, in spite of significant differences in mean albumin values between the two groups. This may be attributed to unaltered protein binding of the drug in undernourished subjects in spite of low serum albumin levels, since streptomycin binds to globulins, in addition to albumin. PMID- 699676 TI - In vitro antibiotic sensitivity of Moraxella species. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 17 antibacterial agents for 34 Moraxella strains were determined using a plate dilution method. A strain of Moraxella nonliquefaciens was found which produced beta-lactamase and was resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin but not to cephalothin. Several strains were relatively resistant to erythromycin and sulfisoxazole. Disk sensitivity tests could be used to reliably predict penicillin and erythromycin resistance but not sulfisoxazole resistance. PMID- 699675 TI - Combined antiviral effect of DNA inhibitors on adenovirus multiplication. AB - 9 purine or pyrimidine analogues or other inhibitors of DNA synthesis were studied on their single and combined inhibitory effect on the multiplication of adenovirus 9--15 in HeLa cell cultures. The criterium of inhibition was the total suppression of the formation of infectious virus. Inhibiting concentrations were derived from isobolograms. 34 of 36 drug pairs acted in a synergistic manner, one pair showed additive and one no interaction. PMID- 699677 TI - In vitro comparison of the antifungal activities of R34,000, miconazole and amphotericin B. AB - In vitro susceptibilities of 78 isolates of pathogenic filamentous fungi to the imidazole compounds R34,000 and miconazole and to amphotericin B were determined using an agar dilution technique. Allescheria boydii, Sporothrix schenckii and the dematiaceous fungi (Cladosporium, Fonsecaea and Phialophora spp.) were most susceptible to miconazole with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from less than or equal to 0.25 to 32 microgram/ml and with geometric mean MIC (G-MIC) values of 0.56-1.24 microgram/ml. Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus were more susceptible to amphotericin B and miconazole than to R34,000 with G-MIC values of 1.20 and 3.48 microgram/ml, respectively. Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis were highly susceptible to all three drugs (G-MICs greater than 1 microgram/ml); R34,000 was the most active of the three compounds against C. immitis (G-MIC = 0.44 microgram/ml). PMID- 699678 TI - Combined effect of procarbazine and ionizing radiation on mouse jejunal crypts. AB - The interaction between procarbazine and gamma-radiation on animal survival and on cell proliferation in the jejunum of the mouse was investigated. Procarbazine (501 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally enhanced the effect of the gastrointestinal radiation syndrome in whole-body lethality studies by reducing the 7-day LD50 by 269 rads. Similar lethality responses were noted whether the drug was administered immediately before or after irradiation. In a series of temporal response studies, 501 mg/kg procarbazine injected intraperitoneally affected intestinal crypt cell proliferative activity in a manner similar to the effect of 1,000 rads of gamma-radiation, by an increase to above-normal proliferative activity. The indices of proliferative activity employed were tritiated thymidine activity per milligram intestine, tritiated thymidine activity per crypt, labeled nuclei per crypt, and mitotic figures per crypt. When procarbazine was injected 15 min prior to irradiation, the crypt cell proliferative activity decreased but never recovered, thus indicating an enhanced response with combined treatment. PMID- 699679 TI - Child maltreatment: a new approach in educational programs. PMID- 699680 TI - Protecting children's mental health. PMID- 699681 TI - [Surgical treatment of dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint in sportsmen]. PMID- 699682 TI - [Stable osteosynthesis in fractures of the olecranon]. PMID- 699683 TI - [Healing of extensive crush injury of the thigh]. PMID- 699684 TI - [Remote results of treatment of injuries of the cervical spinal cord]. PMID- 699685 TI - [Neurological syndromes in spinal tuberculosis in adults]. PMID- 699686 TI - [Rehabilitation-balneological treatment of congenital and acquired spondyloarthrosis, scoliosis and spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 699687 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of scoliosis with the use of Harrington's distractor]. PMID- 699688 TI - [Effect of arthrodesis on the contralateral hip joint]. PMID- 699689 TI - [Diaphysoarthroplasty as a radical procedure in deep infection complicating total hip replacement]. PMID- 699690 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of slipped epiphysis of the femur head]. PMID- 699691 TI - [Morphological changes in Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 699692 TI - [Congenital hypoplasia of the fibula associated with talipes equinovarus]. PMID- 699693 TI - [Radioisotope measurement of regional blood flow after amputation of the lower limb]. PMID- 699694 TI - [Results of treatment of the postinflammatory tibial defect by means of the "fibula pro tibia" procedure]. PMID- 699695 TI - [Evaluation of current possibilities of treatment of congenital hip dislocation and subluxation]. PMID- 699696 TI - [Remarks on surgical treatment of idiopathic epiphysiolysis of the femur head]. PMID- 699697 TI - [Remote results of the alloplasty of the acetabulum]. PMID- 699698 TI - [Remote sequelae of the alloplasty of the hip joint in the proximal segment of the femur]. PMID- 699699 TI - [Effect of late sequelae of the alloplasty on the hip joint biomechanics]. PMID- 699700 TI - [Evaluation of usefulness of total hip replacement]. PMID- 699701 TI - [Tensometric evaluation of the lower limb function after arthrodesis of the hip joint]. PMID- 699702 TI - [Treatment of spiral fractures of the tibial shaft]. PMID- 699703 TI - [Evaluation of remote results of treatment of idiopathic scoliosis by the Harrington method]. PMID- 699704 TI - [Spondylolysis of the lumbar spine after surgical treatment of lateral idiopathic scoliosis by the Harrington method]. PMID- 699705 TI - [Stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal after surgical treatment of scoliosis by the Harrington method]. PMID- 699706 TI - [Experimental studies on stabilizing effect of dystraction of lumbar spine]. PMID- 699707 TI - [Trans-scaphoidal perilunar dislocation of the wrist]. PMID- 699708 TI - [Development of tibial torsion in children aged from 3 months to 6 years]. PMID- 699709 TI - Publishing of a new periodical: Czechoslovak Medicine. PMID- 699710 TI - Epidemiology and its contemporary tasks in the primary prevention of IHD. PMID- 699711 TI - Fate of patients 1--6 years after operation on account of coronary artery disease. AB - The authors analyzed the fate of 234 patients 1--6 years after operation of the coronary arteries. In the majority of patients they recorded alleviation of complaints and improved physical performance. Part of the patients resumed employment. Successful revascularization of the heart muscle improved the mechanical function of the left ventricle. Indirect comparisons suggest that the number of patients who survived late myocardial infarction and late mortality are lower in operated patients than in similar patients treated only conservatively. Final evaluation of all possible methods of surgical treatment of the coronary arteries will call for further work. The experience as regards indications, surgical tactics and techniques in postoperative care assembled during the past period improve fundamentally the immediate results of surgical treatment of coronary artery disease and this must be manifested also in the subsequent fate of these patients. PMID- 699712 TI - Aimed sympathetic denervation of the heart. AB - The authors describe various denervation operations, and based on their findings, propose their own method of aimed sympathetic denervation of the heart. The results assembled in acute and chronic experiments on dogs indicate that by this operation the sympathetic activation of the heart during adequate physical strain is suppressed; this does not occur, however, in complete ischaemia of the brain. Vagus innervation of the heart is also preserved and thus also the parasympathetic regulation of its rhythm. The authors discuss the importance of aimed sympathetic denervation of the heart for the surgical treatment of ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 699713 TI - Realization of cardiovascular community control programme in the Czech Socialist Republic. PMID- 699714 TI - Effect of blood flow on the fate of venous grafts in the arterial circulation. AB - The paper deals experimentally with the influence of the blood flow on the long term fate of venous grafts in the arterial circulation. Based on the results of experiments, and applying the laws of haemodynamics, the paper provides evidence that the blood flow has a decisive influence on the behavior of the implanted vein. Veins with a mean flow of 364.5 ml/min, dilate by 70% while the external diameter of veins with a mean flow of 65.4 ml/min. remain without major changes. This difference in the behaviour is statistically significant at the 1% level. From the results ensues that the vein is suited for reconstructions where a blood flow of 50--200 ml/min. may be expected. PMID- 699715 TI - Amino acid metabolism in the heart muscle in subjects with ischaemic heart disease at rest and during pacing. AB - In nine patients with ischaemic heart disease at rest and during pacing differences of free plasma amino acids, lactate, ammonia and uric acid between arterial blood and blood in the coronary sinus (a-cs differences) were investigated. At rest one single significant difference was found, i.e. a positive a-cs difference in aspartate. During pacing significant positive differences were recorded in aspartate, glutamate, leucine and isoleucine and significant negative a-cs differences in cystine-cysteine, glutamine and aspartic acid and in alanine. Among the correlations between a-cs differences the negative relationship between lactate and alanine and the negative correlation between cystine-cysteine and leucine, isoleucine and glutamine is significant. There is a positive relationship between the a-cs difference of alanine and glutamine and between the differences of leucine, isoleucine and glutamate. The a-cs differences of ammonia and uric acid correlate negatively. PMID- 699716 TI - 'Chemical' splenectomy and the number of haematopoietic stem cells. AB - In mice subjected to chemical splenectomy by means of ethyl palmitate the number of CFU-S and CFU-C in bone marrow and spleen was assessed. In the bone marrow of chemically splenectomized mice a rise of CFU-S as well as CFU-C was found. In the spleen of mice after chemical splenectomy the number of CFU-S was reduced, while the number of CFU-C was elevated. PMID- 699717 TI - Investigation of the different incidence of fat embolism in isolated and multiple injuries. PMID- 699718 TI - Nucleoli in lymphocytes of the peripheral blood in Hodgkin's disease: I. Changes in the course of the disease. AB - The authors examined systematically for three years in 38 patients with Hodgkin lymphomas the diagnostic value of nucleoli in lymphocytes of peripheral blood. A total of 241 examinations were made of 23 variables of the lymphocytic nucleolar test and other haematological values. Twelve healthy persons were subjected to the same examinations five times in two-week intervals. In untreated patients the authors proved in particular the diagnostically significant increase in the number of active nucleoli and micronucleoli, the elevated red cell sedimentation rate, the decline of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, uninucleolar lymphocytes and ring-shaped forms of nucleoli. These changes were potentiated in relapse and stagnate in remission of the disease. The authors introduced a new indicator--the percentage increase of red cell sedimentation after the second hour which is one of the most sensitive of the investigated variables. PMID- 699719 TI - Developmental stages of human embryos. AB - The embryonic period of human development was divided into eight main stages described as 1--unicellular, 2--blastomere stage, 3--blastoderm stage, 4- bilaminar stage, 5--trilaminar stage, 6--early somite stage, 7--stage of limb development, 8--late embryonic stage. These main groups were divided into further sub-groups. For description the decimal classification was used. The recommended classification is suitable for comparative purposes and was compared with hitherto used classifications of human embryos, in particular with Streeter's horizons. PMID- 699720 TI - Czechoslovak health services. PMID- 699721 TI - Peroperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy: an aid to differential diagnosis between diverticular disease and colonic cancer? A preliminary report. AB - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed at laparotomy on 15 patients in whose cases differential diagnosis between colonic diverticulitis and colonic cancer on the basis of preoperative and peroperative examinations was impossible. Histologic examination confirmed the cytologic diagnosis to be correct in 14 cases, in four of them correctly positive for tumor cells. There was one false negative result. Culture of swabs taken from 11 patients after puncture showed growth of intestinal bacteria in five cases, but no complication developed in association with or after the punctures. Peroperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a cheap, simple, rapid and safe method that seems to offer a reliable aid to differential diagnosis between diverticulitis and carcinoma. With the use of a rapid staining technique, the result can be available as early as that of frozen-section microscopic examination. PMID- 699722 TI - Alcohol ingestion-induced changes in the human rectal mucosa: light and electron microscopic studies. AB - Histologic and ultrastructural examination of specimens of rectal mucosa from 11 patients who had recently consumed excessive quantities of alcohol revealed marked pathologic changes. Goblet cells were decreased and a dense mononuclear cell infiltrate was seen on light microscopic study. Electron microscopy revealed swollen, distorted mitochondria and dilated and vesicular endoplasmic reticulum. These abnormalities disappeared after two weeks' abstinence. It is suggested that disordered organelle structure and function might contribute to the diarrhea frequently observed following excessive alcohol intake. PMID- 699723 TI - Multiple lymphoid polyposis and familial polyposis of the colon: a genetic relationship. AB - A case of multiple lymphoid polyposis of the colon and terminal ileum occurring in a family of familial polyposis is presented. Only one other such case has been reported. Other cases where an association between the conditions was mentioned are reviewed. There is a genetic factor in the etiology of the condition, and a definite link with familial polyposis of the colon is found to exist. Differentiation of the conditions on clinical grounds could be very difficult. PMID- 699724 TI - Obstructive colonic cancer. AB - The clinical courses of 68 patients with obstructive colonic cancers were reviewed. For the majority of patients with an acutely obstructing cancer of the left colon a conventional staged procedure remains the most appropriate treatment. Primary resection is suitable for the more proximal colonic cancer with obstruction. The operative mortality rate was 13.6 per cent, but with the addition of two nonoperative deaths, the figure rises to 16.2 per cent. Only six patients are known to have survived five years. PMID- 699725 TI - A four-year survey of colorectal carcinoma in a Bangkok hospital. PMID- 699726 TI - Subcutaneous emphysema of the lower extremity of gastrointestinal origin. AB - Two cases of subcutaneous emphysema of the left lower extremity secondary to perforations of the rectum ,nd sigmoid colon are presented. Although this is an extremely rare syndrome, the true incidence is probably higher, as some cases will be misdiagnosed as gas gangrene unless careful clinical and postmortem examinations are performed. Only rapid recognition of the probable origin of the gas, coupled with aggressive, definitive therapy, can prevent the usually fatal course of this condition. In the absence of trauma to the chest or infection in a previously normal leg, subcutaneous emphysema of a limb should alert the physician to the possibility of a gastrointestinal perforation as a source of the gas. Perforations of the gastrointestinal tract into the subcutaneous tissue can occur anywhere from the neck to the lower extremities. PMID- 699727 TI - Crohn's disease of the appendix: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of Crohn's disease of the appendix that simulated a cecal tumor is presented and 27 additional cases are reviewed. Crohn's disease of the appendix most commonly occurs in the younger patient, with 90 per cent in the second and third decades of life. Before operation, appendicitis or an appendiceal abscess is commonly diagnosed. Appendectomy should be performed, if possible; otherwise a limited ileocolectomy should be done. These patients should have a long-term follow-up program because inflammation can develop later in any part of the bowel. Crohn's disease of the appendix should be included in the differential diagnosis of pain or a palpable mass in the right lower quadrant, especially in the young adult patient. PMID- 699728 TI - Progressive systemic sclerosis: report of a case with colonic involvement. AB - A case of progressive systemic sclerosis associated with colonic involvement is described. Barium-enema examination revealed segmental involvement. Colonoscopic examination of the whole range of the involved colon revealed wide-mouthed diverticula with interspersed rigid areas and numerous ulcerations. These colonoscopic findings appeared to be distinct from those associated with tuberculosis and Crohn's disease. PMID- 699729 TI - Condylomata acuminata in an infant and mother: Report of a case. AB - A case of a 16-month-old child who had had perianal condylomata acuminata since the age of 3 months, born to a 20-year-old mother who had had extensive anorectal and vulvovaginal condylomas during her pregnancy and delivery, is presented. The probable mode of transmission of the condyloma virus and its application to this case are discussed. PMID- 699730 TI - Giardiasis and intestinal malabsorption: Report of a case. AB - The possibility of giardiasis should be considered in any case in which the patient has watery diarrhea and malabsorption syndrome. Investigation should include examination of at least three separate fecal specimens for Giardia lamblis. In case of negative results, this examination should be followed by aspiration of duodenal contents to search for the trophozoites. Treatment with metronidazole in the case reported resulted in a good clinical response, with disappearance of the patient's chronic diarrhea and intestinal malabsorption. PMID- 699731 TI - Abdominal actinomycosis: A complication of colonic perforation. AB - Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative, mycotic infection, which tends to form abscesses and fistulas. The organism is a saprophyte of the human mouth. When a break in the normal contiguity of the gastrointestinal tract occurs, the organism may gain access to the surrounding tissues and become almost impossible to eradicate without surgical extirpation and administration of a long course of antibiotics. The diagnosis of actinomycosis should be considered for any patient in whom persistent or unusual enterocutaneous fistulas develop, when there is a recent history of perforated viscus or surgical intervention involving the gastrointestinal tract, such as appendectomy. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of "sulfur granules" in the fistulous tracts. PMID- 699732 TI - Fournier's gangrene complicating perinal abscess: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of Fournier's gangrene in which toxemia and gangrene of the scrotum developed due to perianal abscesses are described. Cultures of anaerobic gram negative Bacteroides with a mixed flora of Pseudomonas, E. coli and Proteus were obtained. Early diagnosis, wide and deep incisions, debridement of the necrotic tissue, and adequate antibiotic therapy can prevent a fatal outcome of this disease. A high mortality rate is still prevalent. PMID- 699733 TI - Association between chlorpromazine therapy and necrotizing colitis: report of a case. PMID- 699734 TI - Toxic idiopathic megacolon: fatal outcome in a mentally retarded adolescent. AB - The case of an 18-year-old mentally retarded boy who had long standing idiopathic megacolon and pica is presented. Acute toxic dilatation of the colon complicating pseudomembranous colitis developed, with a rapidly fatal outcome. No similar case of relatively benign idiopathic megacolon complicated by pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon has been reported. The pathophysiology of this rare combination is discussed. PMID- 699735 TI - Anastomotic leakage below the peritoneal reflection, a study in the dog. PMID- 699736 TI - Sump suction and irrigation of the presacral space. PMID- 699737 TI - Use of the omentum in the presacral space. PMID- 699738 TI - Primary carcinoma of the duodenum producing a malignant duodenocolic fistula. AB - A unique case of primary duodenal carcinoma with a malignant duodenocolic fistula is reported. En-bloc resection of the lesion with pancreatico-duodenectomy and right hemicolectomy resulted in a 15-month disease-free interval. PMID- 699739 TI - Impotence after proctectomy for inflammatory disease of the bowel. AB - During 1964 through 1973, 76 men underwent abdominoperineal resection as part of or subsequent to resection for inflammatory bowel disease. No instance of permanent impotence was found. Proctectomy should not be deferred because of the risk of impotence. PMID- 699740 TI - The management of colonic and rectal injuries. AB - One hundred fifty cases of patients treated at the Henry Ford Hospital with traumatic injuries of the colon and rectum are reviewed. Five of 119 patients treated with exteriorization died, two of them from multiple visceral injuries, shortly after operation. The mortality rate for the primary-closure group of 24 patients was 8.3 per cent. In this group, 11 patients had postoperative complications. Thirty-nine of the 119 patients in Group II nad 62 complications. Infection was the predominant problem in both groups of patients. We still believe that exteriorization of the injured colon remains the safest method of managing these patients. PMID- 699741 TI - Dissolution of Barium-impaction ileus by Gastrografin. AB - Ileus caused by impaction of hardened residual barium stagnated in the colon-a rare complication of barium-meal examination-constitutes a particularly serious problem when it occurs following abdominal operations, leading to postoperative ileus. The administration of Gastrografin in such cases has proven efficacy in the dissolution of inspissated barium, refractory to routine means of evacuation. Four case reports provide an illustration of this problem. The satisfactory results obtained, and the hitherto reported lack of side effects of this compound, justify recommendation of Gastrografin as a safe, simple method for use in the management of these cases. PMID- 699742 TI - Absorption of sodium from hypertonic sodium phosphate enema solutions. AB - Absorption of sodium from hypertonic sodium phosphate enema solutions has been studied in 11 patients by means of labeling the contained sodium with added 24Na and determining the radioactivity of body fluids after administration of the enemas. The sodium absorption thus estimated is a maximal figure and may represent an overestimate, since radioactivity can enter the body fluids by ion exchange without net transport of sodium. An average of 5.5 per cent of the instilled radioactivity was absorbed, corresponding to not more than 228 mg sodium. Absorption of such a quantity of sodium does not appear to represent a source of concern in the management of salt-restricted patients. PMID- 699743 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum: report of three cases. AB - Three cases of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum are reported. The first patient underwent palliative surgery and died 18 months after diagnosis; local radiotherapy was not effective and chemotherapy failed as well. The second patient underwent radical surgical treatment but monetheless the tumor recurred and the patient died 37 months after diagnosis. The third patient underwent radical surgery for a tumor that was in an early stage, has been followed for several months without evidence of disease. Review of the literature indicates that leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is the most malignant sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract, and has a 20 per cent five-year survival rate. Even radical surgical treatment yields disappointing results. Following localized operations, recurrences appear in most cases, and this treatment is not recommended. Should an effective chemotherapeutic combination be found, chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery will probably be indicated. PMID- 699744 TI - Necrotizing amebic colitis: report of five cases. PMID- 699745 TI - [Functional morphology and classification of interneuronal synapses]. PMID- 699746 TI - [Reversible conformational changes in components of the transcortin--steroid complex]. PMID- 699747 TI - [Stoichiometry of the reaction between the protein protease inhibitor from beans with trypsin and chymotrypsin]. PMID- 699748 TI - [Nature of posttetanic hyperpolarization of myelinated nerve fibers]. PMID- 699749 TI - [Relationship between the amplitude of a cortical evoked potential and the intensity of splanchnic nerve stimulation]. PMID- 699750 TI - [Generation and extinction of singlet oxygen by retinals]. PMID- 699751 TI - [Quantitative autoradiographic study of protein renewal during learning in rat hippocampal cells]. PMID- 699752 TI - [Effect of dosed immobilization as a result of different circumstances on the growth and development of experimental animals]. PMID- 699753 TI - [Squirrel visual cortex detector neurons discriminating the contours and rapid movements of visual stimuli]. PMID- 699754 TI - Combinations of a diuretic with potassium. PMID- 699755 TI - Not all elderly hypertensives need treatment. PMID- 699756 TI - Drug causes of hair loss. PMID- 699757 TI - Dopamine (intropin). PMID- 699758 TI - Labetalol for hypertension. PMID- 699759 TI - [Value of plate thermography in the diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 699761 TI - [Combination of insulin and oral antidiabetics?]. PMID- 699760 TI - [Eliciting the patient's religious affiliation during hospital admission]. PMID- 699762 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of appendicitis]. PMID- 699763 TI - [Skin cancer and lung carcinoma]. PMID- 699764 TI - [On the epidemiology of hypertension in diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 699765 TI - [Trichinosis: epidemiology, clinical features and diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - After ingestion of wild boar meat 58 patients developed typical clinical signs and symptoms of trichinosis. All patients had marked blood eosinophilia. In 45% of the patients GOT and GPT and in 62% HBDH were moderately increased, while in 76% LDH and in 86% creatine-kinase showed abnormally high values. CK-MB was increased in three patients. 92% of muscle biopsies showed typical morphological changes in skeletal muscles. Latexagglutination, complement-fixation and agar-gel diffusion tests were not reliable. In most of the examined cases clinical symptoms and histological results correlated well with the indirect haemagglutination test, the microprecipitation test with living larvae of Trichinella spiralis and evidence of specific antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgE) by indirect immunofluorescence and the ELISA technique. 25 patients were treated with thiabendazole (Minzolum), 19 of them successfully. PMID- 699766 TI - [Serum antibody findings in trichinosis (author's transl)]. AB - Serum samples of 66 persons who had eaten meat from a wild boar were tested two to three times within 11 months for antibodies against extracts from Trichinella larvae. Watery extract of Trichinella spiralis larvae served as antigen. Complement-fixation was of little use because of its lack of sensitivity. Indirect haemagglutination and the ELISA test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) gave uncertain results only in individual cases. There was a relationship between the clinical picture and the mean antibody concentration, clearer in the ELISA test than the indirect haemagglutination one. A fall in antibody titre was observed within the period of observation in only one third of patients. Results with sera of control subjects were of only limited use in relation to the specificity of the demonstrated antibodies. PMID- 699767 TI - [Decidual pregnancy changes in the omentum majus]. PMID- 699768 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis, an allergic reaction in azathioprine therapy?]. PMID- 699769 TI - [Methadone discussion]. PMID- 699770 TI - [High or low insulin doses in the therapy of diabetic coma?]. PMID- 699771 TI - [Antiepileptic long-term therapy in the adult age]. PMID- 699772 TI - [Additional occupation and liability under civil law in clinical evaluation of drugs]. PMID- 699773 TI - [Mayo diet]. PMID- 699774 TI - [ICRF 159--a cytostatic substance]. PMID- 699775 TI - [Disinfection in salmonelloses and other diseases--what can be done better?]. PMID- 699776 TI - [Acute hepatic porphyria: the Hoesch test or Watson-Schwartz test?]. PMID- 699777 TI - [Heparin and myocardial infarct]. PMID- 699778 TI - [1st experiences with prostaglandin E1 long-term intra-arterial perfusion in advanced arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities stage IV]. PMID- 699779 TI - [Choroid metastases in female breast carcinoma]. PMID- 699780 TI - [Sinus-node syndrome and hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 699781 TI - [Diagnostic procedures in therapy-resistant hypertension]. PMID- 699783 TI - [Determination of serum copper and iron]. PMID- 699782 TI - [Antiepileptic emergency therapy in the adult age]. PMID- 699784 TI - [Virile climacteric]. PMID- 699785 TI - [Uric acid decreasing analgesics]. PMID- 699786 TI - [Ultrasound in differential diagnosis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis (author's transl)]. AB - 116 patients with clinically suspected obstructive jaundice were subjected to primary sonographic examination by means of the "real-time" method to differentiate between intrahepatic (internal) and extrahepatic (surgical) cholestasis. Diagnosis was finally confirmed by observing the clinical course, by further examinations, and in 63 cases by surgery or PM. Sonographic examination revealed the direct cause of the extrahepatic obstruction in 82 of 87 patients (94.3%) with extrahepatic cholestasis; in case of dilatation of the bile duct, the approximate site of the obstruction could be determined. In about 75% of the cases, the cause of biliary obstruction was correctly identified. Intrahepatic tumours or metastases were present in 10 of 27 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis; sonographic identification was effected in all cases and histologically or cytologically confirmed with aspiration material from fine needle biopsies. The high accuracy and uncomplicated technique avoiding discomfort or harm to the patient, make sonography a useful method in differential diagnosis of cholestasis. PMID- 699787 TI - [Clinical comparison of hemoFEC with Hemoccult II (author's transl)]. AB - Two technically improved methods of testing for occult blood in stool--hemoFEC and Hemoccult II--were compared by parallel tests in 1500 successive unselected out-patients. HemoFEC was positive in 1.9%, Hemoccult in 2.3%, the difference is not statistically significant. But there was a difference in the colour development of the two tests. Six cases of carcinoma, 14 of large polyps and six other sources of bleeding from the colon were revealed in the course of this study. PMID- 699788 TI - [Treatment of essential hypertension with a combination of propranolol, spironolactone-thiabutazide and dihydralazine (author's transl)]. AB - In 61 out-patients with essential hypertension, grade I or II, propranolol was administered alone in increasing doses (3 x 40 mg/d or 3 x 80 mg/d) or, if there was insufficient response, with a double or triple combination consisting additionally of spironolactone (50 mg/d)-thiabutazide (5 mg/d) and dihydralazine (3 x 25 mg/d). This treatment schedule achieved normal pressures in 51 patients, in 22 on 40 mg, in 7 on 80 mg propranolol, in 16 after the addition of the diuretic, and in 6 with the triple combination. Four patients had to be excluded from the study because they developed either marked bradycardia or anxiety states or paraesthesias after propranolol (3 x 40 mg/d). On chronic beta-adrenergic blockade the serum potassium level increased slightly, but remained within normal limits. The initial value of plasma-renin activity was highest in the group of those who responded to the propranolol treatment. PMID- 699789 TI - [Syndrome of symphalangism and stapes fixation: an autosomal dominant hereditary disease (author's transl)]. AB - The autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome of symphalangism and stapes fixation consists of multiple synostoses, most frequently symphalangism, in addition to synostoses of carpal and tarsal bones and radio-ulnar synostoses, various other malformations of the limbs (restricted joint movement or syndactylism) and variable degrees of conduction disorders due to stapes fixation, starting in childhood. A family tree of four successive generations with various forms of the syndrome is described. PMID- 699790 TI - [Diagnosis of myocardial infarct by determination of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme using inhibiting antibodies]. PMID- 699791 TI - [Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 699792 TI - [Urinary sugar self control in diabetics]. PMID- 699793 TI - [What about acupuncture?]. PMID- 699794 TI - [Hazards of blood transfusions. Compulsory health education given by the physician]. PMID- 699795 TI - [Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in childhood]. PMID- 699796 TI - [Therapy of urinary tract infections in childhood]. PMID- 699797 TI - [Tetracycline and levamisole in bacterial skin diseases]. PMID- 699798 TI - [BCG vaccination and malignant diseases]. PMID- 699799 TI - [Pregnancy in chronic persisting hepatitis]. PMID- 699800 TI - [The hypertensive heart. VI. Ventricular function and coronary artery haemodynamics as influnced by digitalis glycosides (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of intravenous digoxin (0.01 mg/kg) on ventricular function, coronary arterial haemodynamics and myocardial oxygen uptake was studied in 12 patients with essential hypertension but no heart failure, significant left ventricular hypertrophy and normal coronary arteriogram. There was a definite, velocity related increase in the inotropic function of the left ventricle, by 19.4%, 50 min after digoxin injection, while ventricular pumping function decreased by between 6.5 and 11.2%. Coronary blood flow through the left ventricle decreased by 8.8%. On the other hand, coronary vascular resistance and coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference increased by 11 and 5.9%, respectively. Oxygen uptake remained essentially unchanged (-2.1%). These results indicate that the increase in inotropism caused by intravenous digoxin in essential hypertension without heart failure produces not only no therapeutically useful improvement in left ventricular pumping function: there is also a coronary constrictor and ischaemia-inducing effect on the coronary arterial system. PMID- 699801 TI - [Hepatitis risk of human plasma-fraction concentrates of pooled plasma (author's transl)]. AB - In 1975/76 the risk of hepatitis from human clotting preparations (fibrinogen, prothrombin complex) prepared from pooled plasma was studied prospectively in patients who had undergone open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Of 247 patients 25 (10%) developed hepatitis postoperatively, while of 17 recipients of plasma-fraction concentrates 12 developed hepatitis (71%). Even taking into account other potential risk factors this rate of hepatitis is statistically significant. It demonstrates that even with the most modern screening methods it is not possible to produce clotting preparations from "large pool" human plasma which is free of hepatitis risk, unless additional virus-inactivating measures are taken. PMID- 699802 TI - [On the histology of malignant tumours in infants and children (author's transl)]. AB - Autopsy and biopsy material obtained between 1967 and 1976 at the Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy of the Medical Academy Erfurt included 260 malignant tumours in infants and children. Male to female ratio was 54.6:45.4. There were slight peaks for the fourth and sixth year of life. The most frequent site was the CNS (44.2%), followed by the haematopoetic-lymphatic system (28.1%), skeletal system (7.7%), sympathetic nervous system including adrenal medulla (6.2%) and kidneys (4.6%). Among tumour types the neurogenic ones were most frequent at 50.8%, followed by leukaemias (18.1%) sarcomas (12.3%), malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas (7.3%) and mixed tumours (6.5%). Comparing these results with those quoted in the literature and earlier personal studies indicates that the higher frequency of CNS tumours is probably due to regional factors. Linked to this is a percentage increase of neurogenic tumours and a relative decrease in leukaemias. Additional changes in distribution among the different forms of tumour are due to the introduction of the group of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 699804 TI - [Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 699803 TI - [Immunotherapy of malignant tumors]. PMID- 699805 TI - [Re-use of fango paraffin]. PMID- 699806 TI - [Thyroid hormones in symphysis disorders in pregnancy]. PMID- 699807 TI - [Life-threatening source of disorders in demand pacemakers due to over-the counter stimulation devices]. PMID- 699808 TI - [New aspects of the pathogenesis of juvenile diabetes]. PMID- 699809 TI - [Diagnosis of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 699810 TI - [Background of the test-tube babies]. PMID- 699811 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of acute abdominal diseases during the neonatal period]. PMID- 699812 TI - [Prolonged gamma imaging of the brain and its differential diagnostic significance]. PMID- 699813 TI - [Incidence and characteristics of sport injuries in Finland]. PMID- 699814 TI - [The persistence of fetal circulation syndrome]. PMID- 699815 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 699816 TI - [Clinico-pathological conference LIV. Pronounced eosinophilia, pleural tumor, skeletal changes and paraplegia]. PMID- 699817 TI - Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses. PMID- 699818 TI - Oral pharmacopathology. PMID- 699820 TI - Hemangioma of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 699819 TI - Tympanic membrane epidermoid following head injury. PMID- 699821 TI - Schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic nerve. PMID- 699822 TI - Primary carcinoma of the frontal sinus. PMID- 699823 TI - Immediate open reduction of nasal septal injuries. PMID- 699824 TI - Inner-ear involvement in primary glaucoma. PMID- 699825 TI - A technique for removing an impacted postnasal pack. PMID- 699826 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix in Kenya. PMID- 699827 TI - Coarctation of the aorta in Nairobi: A report of ten cases. PMID- 699828 TI - Testicular and paratesticular tumours in Kenya. PMID- 699829 TI - Fungi causing superficial skin infections in Tanzania. PMID- 699830 TI - Prevalence rates of intestinal disease agents in stools examined at Kenyatta National Hospital Laboratories, Nairobi, 1972-1976. PMID- 699831 TI - Pattern and sensitivity of bacterial organisms infecting burns in Mulago hospital, Kampala. PMID- 699832 TI - Serratia osteomyelitis: a case report and review of literature. PMID- 699833 TI - The pattern of adult medical emergencies in Africa. PMID- 699834 TI - Frequency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and its relationship to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS-Ag) in normal Tanzanian males. PMID- 699835 TI - Measles vaccination in a rural Tanzanian community. PMID- 699836 TI - Measles complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 699837 TI - Radiotherapy management of carcinoma of the cervix in Kenya: preliminary results. PMID- 699838 TI - The incidence of plasmodium parasites in rural Zambia. PMID- 699839 TI - Western diseases, Western diets and fibre. PMID- 699840 TI - Tuberous sclerosis: two case reports. PMID- 699841 TI - Lactose and milk intolerance in Tanzania. PMID- 699842 TI - Elbow injuries seen at Kenyatta National Hospital in 1974: incidence and observations concerning their management. PMID- 699843 TI - Symphysiotomy and subsequent pregnancy in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. PMID- 699844 TI - Childhood malignancies of eye and orbit in Tanzania with special reference to retinoblastomas. PMID- 699845 TI - Management of neglected posterior dislocations of the elbow. PMID- 699846 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya: the onset of an epidemic outbreak in the Machakos District of Kenya. PMID- 699847 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis animal reservoirs in Kenya. PMID- 699848 TI - Incrimination of the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya. PMID- 699849 TI - A review of the clinical features pathology: investigation and management of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 699850 TI - Hepatitis B antigen--a review. PMID- 699851 TI - Human coenurosis from Kenya. PMID- 699852 TI - Crime and mental illnesses: a study of a group of criminal patients in Mathari Mental Hospital. PMID- 699853 TI - Two true hermaphrodites with XX chromosomes. PMID- 699854 TI - A cardiovascular survey in rural Tanzania. PMID- 699855 TI - Facial sinuses of dental origin: A study of cases seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. PMID- 699856 TI - The management of intra-articular fractures at the lower end of the humerus. PMID- 699857 TI - Renal cell carcinoma at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 699858 TI - Oral disopyramide in the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias following myocardial infarction in patients managed on the coronary care unit and open ward. PMID- 699859 TI - [Mechanisms of rapid renal regulation of extracellular fluid volume]. PMID- 699860 TI - [Conceptual structure of medical education in Latin America]. PMID- 699861 TI - [Pan American seminar on education and health care]. AB - This is the Final Report of the Seminar, which was held at Caracas last February under the sponsorship of the World Federation of Medical Education and the World Health Organization, and organized by the Pan American Federation of Medical Schools and the Pan American Health Organization. The Seminar was attended by delegates from universities, ministries of education and health, social security administrations, medical educators, officers of national and international agencies, and other special guests from the Region of the Americas. These participants made up a broad-spectrum interinstitutional and interprofessional working group that brought an interdisciplinary analytical approach to the subjects dealt with. The Seminar examined the context of the relationship between education and health care, and discussed the following specific topics: need for coordination between education and health services, present systems of interrelationships, mechanisms for productive interrelations and a plan of action. The topics were considered in general sessions and then analyzed in discussion group meetings. The Report contains summaries of the presentations and commentaries on each subject and the consolidated reports of the discussion groups. PMID- 699862 TI - [Integrated teaching of microbiology in medical education]. PMID- 699863 TI - [Report of the Committee of text book program of the PAHO/WHO for the integrated teaching of microbiology]. PMID- 699864 TI - [Experimental studies of the duration of hexobarbital sleep and of the level of cytochrom P-450 and B5 in the microsomal fraction of rat liver after propoxur treatment]. AB - Male sex-mature rats of the Wistar Strain with weight of 180--20 gm were treated per os daily for a period of 60 days with 1/10 of LD50 of Propoxur (10 mg of body weight per day of 2-isopropoxiphenyl-N-methylcarbamate). There was induction of cytochromosomal P-450 and B5 in the end of the first week after the intoxication was induced and shortening of hexobarbital sleep during the same period as well as on the thirtieth day since the onset of the experiment. PMID- 699865 TI - [Infrared spectroscopy of erythrocyte membranes]. AB - The authors examined the properties of erythrocyte membranes, obtained from young and old erythrocytes of 2-old rats by means of infrared spectroscopy. The films, prepared on CeF2 plates were recorded before and after 30 minutes treatment with methanol, ethyl and isopropil alcohol respectively. There were age differences. The young erythrocytes contained 25% beta, 27% alpha, 28% random (diforderly) and 20% beta-antiparallel conformed proteins. The old erythrocyte membranes contained 45% alpha and 55% proteins, structured disorderly. After treatment of the films for a period of 30 minutes with methanol, ethyl or isopropil alcohol there were changes, which manifested beta structures in young erythrocytes around 31% and in old erythrocytes around 30% of the intensity of the total absorption of the membrane proteins. Methanol caused maximal increase of the disorderly structure in the young membranes and maximal beta structure in the old erythrocytes in comparison with the remaining alcohols. Ethanol caused maximal increase of beta structure in young membranes and maximal increase of disorderly structure in the old membranes. Isopropanol caused changes close to those induced by methanol. The observed changes in accordance with the age of erythrocyte membranes before and after treatment with alcohol manifested peculiarities in the conformation of the membranes proteins. These data corresponded to the discovered quantitative changes in the content of the erythrocyte membrane in the process of erythrocyte aging. PMID- 699866 TI - [Effects of imidazole, papaverine and theophylline on the picrotoxin convulsion seizure threshold. The correlation with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and diazepam]. AB - The author carried out studies on male white rats and examined the effect of imidazol, papaverine and theophyline (drugs affecting the activity of phosphodiesterase), singly or in correlation with GAMA and diazepam on picrotoxic seizure threshold (PSAT). He found that imidazol had various effects on PSAT in accordance with the interval of application and antagonized the effects of GAMA. Papaverine in low doses was ineffective, but in higher doses lowered PSAT; it antagonized the effect of GAMA, elevating the threshold. Papaverine in combination with CAMF antagonized the effect of GAMA, elevating the threshold. Theophyline lowered PSAT; it did not influence the effects of the combined application of GAMA and DIA. He thinks that the obtained changes in PSAT could partly be connected with the mediating influence of imidazol, papaverine and phe theophyline on cerebral phosphodiesterase both after their single application and after examination of their correlations with GAMA or DIA, used singly or in comibination, and partly with their own pharmacologic action. PMID- 699867 TI - [Comparative cytogenetic studies of newborn infants and adults]. AB - The authors examined comparatively the frequencies of genomic, counted and structural chromosomal aberrations and associations of acrocentric chromosomes (AAC) in lymphocytic cultures from 35 phenotipic healthy newborns and 15 clinically healthy persons over 60 years of age. Polyploidy was found in 0,16% of the cells in the newborns and in 0,47% of the cells of the adults (0,1 greater than P greater than 0,05). Aneuploidy was established in 0% of the cells of the newborns and in 5,7% of those of the adults (P less than 0,05). In the hyperploid karyotypes 1,3% of the cells of the adults the additional chromosomes were of group C and D. Structural aberrations were observed in 0,58% of the cells of the newborns and in 3,6% of those of the adults (P less than 0,05%. Chromosomal and chromatoid breaks with or without the presence of fragment predominated. Cells with AAC in the newborns were 61,7% against 81,4% in the adult persons (P less than 0,001). The number of the associating chromosomes increased with advancement of age--19,2% in the newborns and 31,9% in the adults (P less than 0,001). In the newborns 21,5% of the chromosomes from group G participated in associations and 17,7% of chromosomes from group D; in the adults both groups were equally engaged -31,3% of the chromosomes G and 32,4% of the chromosomes D. PMID- 699868 TI - [Vascularization of the human esophageal mucosa]. AB - The authors carried out studies on the vascularization of the oesophagal mucosa in 14 individuals at various age after preliminary administration of Indian ink gelatine in blood. On the basis of the performed studies they found that mucosal vascular bed of the oesophagus had two vascular plexuses: deep, located in the propria and superficial--under the epithelium of the mucosa. The deep vascular plexus is of spacial character but the superficial--plane. From the latter loop capillaries are separated on vide basis, which are directed vertically to the epithelium together with conic connective-tissue papillae. The authors interpret also some age peculiarities of the mucosal bed of the oesophagus. PMID- 699869 TI - [Characteristics of the aortic rheogram (an experimental study)]. AB - The authors aim to describe aortic rheogram and examine its changes under the influence of some agents, to compare with the phases of the heart activity and to explain the origin of the curve. They use experimental animals (cats), to whom aortic rheogram is recorded by means of a probe-electrode, as well as atreiral blood pressure, phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram. The changes in the aortic rheogram are recorded after elevation or diminition of arterial blood pressure (medicamentous and mechanical), replacement of a part of the abdominal aorta with nonelastic prothesis and application of a model heart-aorta-vascular bed, in which the "systolic volume" is changeable as well as the "peripheral vascular resistance". The authors come to the conclusion that the aortic rheogram, recorded by a probe-electrode, is a reflection of the fluctuations in the volume velocity of the blood flow. Furthermore the general amplitude of the curve is in direct dependence of the systolic volume of the left ventricle. The peripheral vascular resistance and elasticity of the aortic wall do not affect substantially the form and amplitude of the rheogram. The value of the mean arterial blood pressure itself does not influence the form and the value of the curves. PMID- 699870 TI - [Significance of spontaneous and evoked temperature changes in the brain in applying the thermoclearance technic to the determination of cerebral blood flow]. AB - The authors carried out studies on cats under urethane narcosis and found that the presence of spontaneous temperature changes in two neighbouring regions of the cerebral cortex, were discovered at a distance of 5 mm from each other in a parallel course. After administration of pharmacological agents such as papaverine, nivaline, etc. in the region of the cerebral cortex there were quick transitory temperature changes as in the two neighbouring regions of the cortex these changes had one-way course, but not a parallel one. This caused the occurrence of changes in the temperature difference between them, which was recorded by switching of the differential amplifier. These changes could be indicated as "zero reaction", having in mind the essence of the thermoclearance methods by means of which additional source of heat was introduced in one of the two regions. The real changes in the blood flow of the brain under the influence of the administered pharmacological agent represented the difference between the recorded and the so called zero reaction. The established facts oblige to take into consideration a possible presence of "zero reaction" during usage of thermoclearance method for determination of blood flow in other organs as well. PMID- 699871 TI - Interrelationships of EMG signal characteristics at different levels of muscle tension and during fatigue. PMID- 699872 TI - The electromyographic shimmer in normal human muscles. PMID- 699873 TI - Determination of the branching quotient in the radial nerves of healthy adults. PMID- 699875 TI - The orbicularis oculi reflex: diagnostic significance of the reflex amplitude. PMID- 699874 TI - The cubital ratio method. The physiological slowing of MCV in the sulcus of the ulnar nerve. PMID- 699876 TI - Intranervous regeneration of lower motor neuron.--1. Study of 1153 motor axon reflexes. PMID- 699877 TI - Simultaneous EMG of latissimus dorsi and sternocostal part of pectoralis major muscles during crawl stroke. PMID- 699878 TI - Analysis of upper motor neuron type neurogenic bladders by bladder electromyography. PMID- 699879 TI - Significance of pediatric endoscopy. PMID- 699880 TI - Gastrointestinal fiberoptic endoscopy in pediatric patients and juveniles. AB - Over a period of 8 years 351 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies and 72 coloscopies were performed in infants, children and juvenile patients. Development of special pediatric instruments provides increasing application even to the youngest patients. Fiberendoscopy is a safe and sensitive diagnostic tool also in the pediatric age group; furthermore the therapeutic possibilities of operative endoscopy can be used without disadvantage. PMID- 699881 TI - Intraoperative endoscopy in oesophageal atresia and anorectal anomalies. AB - In four children with oesophageal atresia and two children with high anorectal anomalies a magnetic bougienage respectively a magnetic pull-through procedure have been performed. In all cases the cylinders have been placed under endoscopic control. The endoscopic intraoperative procedure has proved to be very useful in these 6 cases. Having performed a successful bougienage the cylinder of the upper segment can pass distal to the thread in the stomach and can then be grasped with a flexible endoscope via gastrostomy. Endoscopy after magnetic pull-through procedure in anorectal anomalies is necessary in order to control the newly created pathway together with manometry and x-ray studies. PMID- 699882 TI - Endoscopy of the biliary tract and the pancreas in children. AB - ERCP is a useful method in adults for diagnosing bilio-pancreatic disorders. The application of this technique in children is limited until now according to the rare case reports in the literature. Our experience with this procedure, based on the examination of six children and 12 youths, shows that ERCP can be employed with great benefit, when taking into account the correct indication. ERCP is mainly applied to clarify obstructive jaundice, especially when anomalies of the bile duct system are suspected, and to discover a reason for relapsing pancreatitis where other procedures fail. Blunt abdominal traumata with upper GI bleeding may well be another reason. In general our first reported data are encouraging. PMID- 699883 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) in children. AB - ERCP was successfully carried out 6 times in 4 children with suspected round worm infestation of the biliary tree. A general anaesthetic was given in all cases, and an adult duodenofibrescope was used. Early experience indicates that the procedure is feasible and of value even in small children weighing 12 kg. As in adults, ERCP should be considered whenever a precise outline of the pancreato biliary system is required, and when infusion cholangiography fails to give the desired information. PMID- 699884 TI - Gastric neoplasm in the West of Ireland: an endoscopic survey. AB - The results of endoscopic examination, biopsy taken at endoscopy and cytology of brush smears and/or gastric lavage specimens in 100 patients with proven malignant gastric lesions are described. Overall, a correct pre-operative diagnosis was achieved in 98 cases. Endoscopic appearance was a more accurate criterion in cases of exophytic advanced carcinoma, malignant ulcer and lymphoma than in diffuse infiltrative carcinoma or in early carcinoma, where biopsy and cytology were more accurate. Nine per cent of neoplasms were malignant lymphomas, which is much higher than the usual reported incidence. Early carcinoma was found in 5% of cases. In spite of readily available facilities for endoscopic diagnosis, most cases of gastric neoplasm were already advanced at the time of examination. PMID- 699885 TI - Out-patient gastroscopy risks. AB - Complications in out-patient gastroscopy were evaluated retrospectively in 995 examinations performed in 625 patients. At the examination seven complications were registered in the gastroscopy record. Two complications: perforation of the stomach and cardiac arrhythmia, required hospitalisation. None of the complications was lethal. Inquiries to the referring general practitioners revealed 5 cases where the gastroscopy had led to consultations because of minor complaints after the examination. Considering all complaints as complications the frequency of complications in out-patient gastroscopy was 1.2%. PMID- 699886 TI - Endoscopic examination of Egyptian mummies. AB - Three Pharaonic mummies, preserved for thousand of years, had fiberoptic endoscopy carried out of the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities. The aim of the study was to gather medical data and ascertain the extent of damage of these mummies before undertaking restoration procedues. The endoscopic examinations revealed some valuable data concerning certain points of historical interest. PMID- 699887 TI - Peroral cholangioscopy in choledocho-duodenostomy--patients using the pediatric fiberscope. AB - In patients with wide-open bilio-digestive anastomoses peroral cholangioscopy using the pediatric endoscope GIF-P2 is easily performed. The common bile duct is visualised down to the papilla and up to the distributaries of the hepatic ducts. The instrumentation channel allows mobilisation of incarcerated concretions, extraction of food particles (cholangiophytiasis) and guided biopsy of pathological findings. The experience in 12 patients with this method is promising. PMID- 699888 TI - Descending sphincterotomy of the papilla of Vater through the T-drain under endoscopic view. Variants of endoscopic papillotomy (EPT). AB - An indwelling T-drain is a valuable access to the common bile duct if the conventional EPT fails in the case of choledocholithiasis. It is often easier to cannulate the duodenal papilla from the common bile duct than from the duodenum. A papillotome of the Erlangen type introduced through the T-drain into the papilla spontaneously has the correct cutting direction. The incision is controlled endoscopically. If a patient has undergone Billroth II operation, the particularly difficult cannulation and incision of the papilla is make much easier by the descending technique. Two variants of the endoscopically controlled descending electropapillotomy were successfully performed. PMID- 699889 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) through artificial endoscopic choledocho-duodenal fistula. AB - A new endoscopic method for retrograde cholangiography in cases of unsuccessful cannulation of the papilla is described. In 1 patient with obstructive jaundice, severe diabetes and a previous history of biliary pain traditional ERC failed. An endoscopic artificial choledocho-duodenal fistula by means of a diathermic cutter (needle type) was performed at the lower end of the intramural portion of the common bile duct for retrograde cholangiography. X-ray showed an obstruction of the common bile duct due to a carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Complications did not occur during the procedure and in the post-operative period. It is concluded that the described method may be helpful when traditional selective ERC fails, moreover it may permit an endoscopic choledocho-duodenostomy for choledocholithiasis in cases of unsuccessful endoscopic papillo sphincterotomy. PMID- 699890 TI - Perforation of the oesophagus with an oblique--viewing endoscope in a patient with caustic stenosis. AB - A case of accidental oesophageal perforation during endoscopy in an elderly woman with acute alimentary obstruction of a caustic stenosis is presented. This demonstrates the risks in routine use of oblique-viewing endoscopes, especially in oesophageal exploration. The lesion was successfully treated by internal splinting with a Celestin tube. The indications for this kind of treatment arise in elderly patients with poor general condition in whom a preexisting stenosis guarantees the tight fitting of the tube. PMID- 699891 TI - Caroli's disease: diagnosed by ERCP and ultrasonography. AB - A patient with Caroli's syndrome is reported; diagnosis was made by ERCP and ultrasonography. Caroli's disease occurred in its "pure" form in this patient, i.e. dilatation was present only in the intrahepatic biliary system while the extrahepatic bile ducts were normal. Pathogenesis and differential diagnosis are surveyed on the basis of available data. Further, the possibilities of treatment and prognosis are dealt with. PMID- 699892 TI - Overfilling of a pancreatic segment in endoscopic retrograde pancreaticography. AB - A case of parenchymal opacification of a segment of the pancreatic head without severe clinical sequelae is described. The authors discuss the pitfalls of the technique of duct filling and wedging of the cannula in a segment of the pancreatic duct. They call attention to the risks of such complications in patients with intolerance to i.v. administration of contrast medium. PMID- 699893 TI - Endoscopic extraction of a perforating paperclip from the stomach. AB - Report on succesful endoscopic removal of a metal clip perforating the gastric wall for about 2 cm. PMID- 699894 TI - Antiepileptic drug development: II. Anticonvulsant drug screening. PMID- 699895 TI - Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes in progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in sera and muscle biopsies obtained from 50 controls, 72 patients with progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD), 68 patients with other neuromuscular disorders, 17 carriers of Duchenne-type PMD and 15 patients with myocardial infarction were studied. MB isoenzyme was detected in the sera of 58 patients with PMD and 56 out of 61 muscle biopsies. The MB activity varied between 4 and 400 IU/1 or 3.4--22% of total activity. The MB activity was demonstrated in a considerably smaller number of cases with polymyositis, dystrophic myotonia and Kugelberg-Welander disease. The MB isoenzyme in sera of PMD persisted for many years. It is admitted that the MB isoenzyme in the serum of patients with PMD originates chiefly from skeletal muscle. PMID- 699896 TI - Developmental profile of enzyme activity in several tissues of the C57BL/6 mouse between birth and 35 days of age. AB - The activity of 19 liver enzymes as well as the level of activity of a lesser number of enzymes in brain, kidney and heart tissue was measured in C57BL/6 mice at various ages between birth and 35 days. Several enzymes were present at significant levels in the liver at earlier ages than reported for rat liver. The time course of the development, the magnitude of the charges and the direction of the changes are often significantly different from the profiles observed in rat tissues, thus the mouse may respond differently than other species to dietary alterations and/or hormonal stimulations during the developmental period. PMID- 699897 TI - Vitamin B6 metabolism in human red cells. I. Variations in normal subjects. AB - Physiologic and pharmacologic factors affecting intracellular red cell vitamin B6 metabolism in normal human subjects were studied using a new assay for pyridoxine kinase (PnK) together with saturated and total aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities as indirect indices of intracellular pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) availability. The presence of reduced PnK activity in Blacks was confirmed but this could not be explained on the basis of increased enzyme inactivation during red cell aging in vivo. Racial differences were also noted in the metabolism of AST and, in Caucasians, net dissociation of PLP from the apoprotein was demonstrated to occur in vivo. Despite the wide variation in Pn5 activity, AST levels were maintained within relatively narrow limits. However, when pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine were administered, PnK and AST activities increased proportionately. These findings suggest that when the supply of B6 vitamers is not limiting, PnK may play a role in regulating red cell PLP levels. PMID- 699898 TI - The design and effect of child restraint systems in vehicles. PMID- 699899 TI - Objective job difficulty, behavioural response, and sector characteristics in air route traffic control centres. PMID- 699900 TI - Actins from mammals, bird, fish and slime mold characterized by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. AB - Actins isolated from a variety of tissues and cultured cells were compared by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of 9 M urea and 2% Nonidet P40. Actins isolated from muscle tissue with a sarcomeric structure like skeletal muscle and heart muscle invariably display, as previously shown, one single band with a pI of approximately 5.4 (alpha-actin) in isoelectric focusing gels. Actins isolated from mammalian or avian non-muscle tissue and cultured mammalian cells display two polypeptide bands (beta and gamma-actins) focusing at a slightly higher pH than alpha-actin as a closely spaced doublet. A gamma-like actin is the predominant species in chicken gizzard actin. However, this gamma like form is not isoelectrically identical with gamma-actin from brain. These results are discussed in relation with the currently available amino acid sequence data known for different actins. Actin isolated from the liver of the electric fish Torpedo marmorata appears to consist of a single isoelectric species with an apparent isoelectric point similar to the beta-actin component of mammalian brain. The actin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum shows only one single major band in isofocusing gels with an isoelectric point lower than that of alpha-actin. PMID- 699901 TI - Glutathione efflux from perfused rat liver after phenobarbital treatment, during drug oxidations, and in selenium deficiency. PMID- 699903 TI - Isolation and characterization of secretory actin . DNAase I complex from rat pancreatic juice. AB - DNAase I isolated from rat pancreatic juice was always found in association with a protein of molecular weight 43 000. This association leads to inhibition of the isolated rat pancreatic DNAase I activity by 66%. The molecular weight of the complex was found to be 74 000 by gel filtration indicating a 1 : 1 molar association of both proteins. Since the protein of molecular weight 43 000 has a number of properties similar to skeletal muscle actin such as filament formation, nucleotide binding, inhibition of the rat pancreatic DNAase I activity and comigration with skeletal muscle actin on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of dodecylsulfate, it is concluded that DNAase I is bound to actin in rat pancreatic juice in a 1 : 1 complex. It is demonstrated that a protein fraction from bile is able to activate the DNAase I enzymatic activity of the rat secretory actin . DNAase I complex. PMID- 699902 TI - The mechanism of action of cytochrome P-450. Occurrence of the 'NIH shift' during hydroperoxide-dependent aromatic hydroxylations. AB - The mechanism of liver microsomal aromatic hydroxylation has been investigated by using cumene hydroperoxide as the hydroxylating agent and comparing this reaction with the NADPH-dependent reaction. The conversion of [4-(3)H]acetanilide to 4 hydroxyacetanilide by rat liver microsomes (or purified cytochrome P-450) in the presence of either cumene hydroperoxide or NADPH is attended by comparable 'NIH shifts'. This indicates that hydroxylation in the two systems proceeds via a common intermediate, presumably an arene oxide. The intermediacy of an arene oxide, phenanthrene-9,10-oxide, is established by incubating [3-(3)H] phenanthrene with rat-liver microsomes and cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of either non-radioactive phenanthrene-9,10-oxide as a 'trap' or in the presence of cyclohexene oxide, an inhibitor of the enzyme epoxide hydrase. Incubation of phenanthrene with cumene hydroperoxide in an 18O-enriched medium has confirmed that the oxygen atom in phenanthrene-9,10-oxide is derived from the hydroperoxide and not from the medium. PMID- 699904 TI - Human erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase. Incorporation into the lipid bilayer structure of liposomes. AB - Human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase was incorporated into liposomes of different phospholipid composition by detergent depletion methods. Complete incorporation of activity into liposomes was achieved. Either by gel filtration or by dialysis 99.96% of the sodium deoxycholate originally present was removed. The preferred method of liposome formation involved the use of dialysis followed by gel filtration, as gel filtration alone resulted in liposomes heterogeneous in size. The liposomes had a diameter of about 30 nm (determined by electron microscopy and gel filtration). Studies involving the use of Triton X-100 and proteolytic enzymes revealed that at least 70% of the incorporated activity was located on the outer-side of the liposomes; this percentage was even higher in small liposomes. PMID- 699906 TI - Sensitivity of a near-equilibrium reaction in a metabolic pathway to changes in substrate concentration. PMID- 699905 TI - Purification and characterisation of prostatic binding protein and its subunits. AB - The prostatic binding protein, previously described in rat ventral prostate, was isolated. The purified protein binds pregnenolone with an affinity of 1.2 X 10(6) M-1 and contains an average of 0.84 binding site per molecular. Its carbohydrate content is 3.2%. Its Mr, estimated by gel filtration, is 51 000 but in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or 0.1% dodecylsulfate it dissociates into two subunits (S and F), which can be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. The Mr of these subunits is about 17 000, when estimated by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, or 19 000 for subunit F and 20 000 for subunit S, when measured by dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their isoelectric points, estimated by isoelectric focusing in 8 M urea, are 4.6 for subunit F and 4.9 for subunit S. Prostatic binding protein and both subunits have a very similar amino acid composition. Upon reduction of disulfide bridges each subunit dissociates further into two components: one of these components is the same in both subunits. PMID- 699907 TI - Structure-activity relationships for the lipid-mobilising action of locust adipokinetic hormone. Synthesis and activity of a series of hormone analogues. AB - A series of compounds structurally related to adipokinetic hormone, the decapeptide neurohormone less than Glu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-Gly-Thr-NH2, have been prepared by synthesis and by enzymic cleavages of synthetic hormone. Their relative agonist activities in mobilising lipids over a fixed time interval (1 h) in locusts were assessed. The similar time courses for lipid release shown by two of the peptide analogues and adipokinetic hormone suggest that the analogues and the hormone are transported to the receptors on the fat body cells, and are also degraded, at similar rates. Consequently, the analogue activities can be correlated with the structural requirements of the locust fat body hormone receptors. The requirements for activity demonstrated in this study are as follows. Residues 1--8 from the N-terminus are necessary to elicit some activity (20%). Residues 5 and 7 in the octapeptide can be changed without affecting activity but L-pyroglutamic acid as the N-terminal residue is necessary formaximum activity both in the octapeptide and the decapeptide. Full activity is achieved only by adding the dipeptide glycyl threonine amide to the active octapeptide 'core'. In the decapeptide, residues cannot be interchanged to the same extent as in the octapeptide without reducing activity. The peptide probably has to be uncharged. Inactive analogues of seven residues or less do not interfere in the hormone-receptor interaction. PMID- 699908 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of bacterio-opsin. Demonstration of the existence of protein species structurally related to bacterio-opsin. AB - 1. The kinetics of processing newly synthesized bacterio-opsin from the non crystalline state within the brown membrane to the crystalline state within the purple membrane was followed by pulse-chase experiments. 2. Biosynthesis of bacterio-opsin was found to be highly resistant to RNA-synthesis inhibitors like rifampicin and ethidium bromide. In the presence of ethidium bromide, only five protein species continue to be synthesized in halobacteria, one of them being bacterio-opsin. 3. In spheroplasts, synthesis of bacterio-opsin is found to be selectively disturbed. The purple membrane isolated from spheroplasts contains new, additional protein species with apparent molecular weights of 19 000, 23 000 and 29 000. These proteins share common amino acid sequences with bacterio-opsin. 4. In the halobacterial cell membrane, two membrane proteins with apparent molecular weights of 30 000 and 36 000 were detected which are structurally related to bacterio-opsin. 5. Bacterio-opsin as well as the 30 000 Mr and 36 000 Mr proteins contain covalently bound sulphate. PMID- 699909 TI - Ethanol oxidation by isolated rat-liver cells. Stimulatory effects of fructose. AB - Isolated liver cells from starved or fed rats were used to examine the mechanisms by which fructose stimulates hepatic ethanol oxidation, particularly in relation to the role of intercompartmental hydrogen transfer. The presence of added fructose stimulated ethanol oxidation, the degree of stimulation being directly related to the initial fructose concentration up to a level of 10--20 mM. In the presence of fructose and ethanol, sorbitol, glycerol and glycerol 3-phosphate accumulated. The stimulation of ethanol oxidation by fructose could be attributed to its ability to promote the oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH by the provision both of cytoplasmic hydrogen sinks and components of the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. Shuttles mediated by malate dehydrogenase were unimportant for fructose stimulated ethanol oxidation. Rates of respiration and gluconeogenesis were similar over a fructose range of 5--20 mM although ethanol oxidation was faster at higher fructose concentrations. Hence the stimulation of ethanol oxidation by fructose is not merely a direct function of the energy demands of gluconeogenesis. PMID- 699910 TI - Two structurally closely related polypeptides encoded by 14-S mRNA isolated from rat lens. AB - 14-S mRNA from rat lens codes for two subunits of alpha-crystallin, A2 (Mr 20 000) and AIns (Mr 24 000, previously referred to as alphaX). Structural relationship between both translation products has been proved by immunoprecipitation with antisera directed against the different crystallin classes. Competition immunoprecipitation showed that the 14-S mRNA translation products are precipitated by common antibodies, specific for the A subunit of alpha-crystallin. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide analysis provided further evidence that the 24 000-Mr polypeptide, synthesized in vitro under direction of 14-S mRNA, is identical with native alphaAIns. Although the structures of alphaA2 and alphaAIns are very similar, no precursor-product relationship exists between both 14-S-mRNA-encoded polypeptides. PMID- 699911 TI - Rat alpha-crystallin A chain with an insertion of 22 residues. AB - Rat lens alpha-crystallin contains, besides the usual alphaA and alphaB subunits, an additional minor chain. This subunit was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and its primary structure studied. It appeared to be an elongated alphaA-like chain, having an insertion of 22 residues between position 63 and 64 of an otherwise normal alphaA2 chain. Therefore this subunit was called alphaAIns, i.e. an alphaA chain with an inserted sequence. This inserted region, which contains three methionyl, five basic and no acidic residues, apparently results in an adequately functioning alphaAIns chain. The alphaAIns chain may be the product of a gene which has originated, after duplication of the alphaA gene, by insertion in one of the copies of a stretch of 66 nucleotides of unknown origin, or alternatively be the result of unusual transcription or processing of precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA), leaving an extra 66 nucleotides internally in the mRNA to be translated. PMID- 699912 TI - A long-range and two short-range periodicities are superimposed in the 1.706 g/cm3 satellite DNA from calf thymus. PMID- 699913 TI - Spectral properties of chlorophyll a monolayers in the presence of an exogenous electron donor and acceptor. AB - Chlorophyll a monolayers are studied at a nitrogen-water interface in the presence of a reducing or oxidizing agent: sodium ascorbate and benzyl viologen, respectively. Absorption spectra of the films are measured directly on the aqueous surface. With the aid of a computer, fourth derivative and difference spectra are determined. In the presence of ascorbate, a bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum to 693 nm can be induced as compared to 683 nm for a chlorophyll monolayer without any additives. In the presence of ascorbate, chlorophyll species at 676, 712 and 750 nm (present in a pure chlorophyll monolayer) are decreased or diminished. Illumination causes no change in the position of these absorption maxima; however, there is an increase of the absorbance of the main red absorption band. In the presence of benzyl viologen there is a hypsochromic shift of the red absorption maximum to 679 nm. Chlorophyll species at 670, 694, 712 and 740 nm (present in pure chlorophyll monolayers) are decreased or diminished upon addition of benzyl viologen. Upon illumination, there is a decrease in absorbance at 686 nm. It appears that the redox reagents induce the formation of specific chlorophyll aggregates, in the interfacial system, which might be analogous to the various chlorophyll species observed in green plant photosynthesis. PMID- 699914 TI - Studies on lipid A from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis lipopolysaccharide. Isolation and general characterization. AB - Lipid A was isolated from lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis S form (strain 341, subtype IB) using mild hydrolysis with acetic acid. The purified material (yield about 25%, molecular weight about 2900) contained D glucosamine (11%), fatty acids (54%), protein concomitant (9.7%) and phosphorus (approximately 2%). Dodecanoic and 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acids in a molar ratio of 1 : 3.6 were detected as major fatty acid constituents. The hydroxyl groups of D-glucosamine were acylated with the residues of both fatty acids, while the amino groups were substituted with the residue of 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid. Such a simple fatty acid composition is reminiscent of that found in lipid A in Y. pestis. PMID- 699915 TI - Changes of mitochondrial DNA polymerase-gamma activity in synchronized mouse cell cultures. AB - Following synchronization by a double hydroxyurea block, mouse cell cultures exhibited a period of accelerated precursor incorporation into mitochondrial DNA during the late nuclear S phase. Peak activity of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma occurred concurrent to the interval of accelerated organelle DNA synthesis. Mixing experiments suggested that the variations in mitochondrial DNA polymerase activity during the cell cycle were not due to free inhibitors in the enzyme preparations examined. PMID- 699916 TI - Retention of the oxygen atoms at carbon-2 and carbon-3 during the carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. PMID- 699917 TI - Purification of vitellogenin mRNA and serum albumin mRNA from avian liver by preparative gel electrophoresis. PMID- 699918 TI - The conformation of membrane-bound and detergent-solubilised bovine rhodopsin. A comparative hydrogen-isotope exchange study. AB - The conformations of the intrinsic membrane protein, rhodopsin, in its membrane bound and detergent-solubilised states have been compared by hydrogen isotope exchange measurements. The infrared peptide exchange data show that the highly hydrophobic nature of rhodopsin is conserved in the presence of the two detergents used: Cemulsol LA 90 and Ammonyx LO. Only about 50% of the peptide hydrogens exchange under conditions where about 80% would exchange in most soluble proteins. The conformational stability of rhodopsin in these two detergents is also demonstrated by the similarity of the tritium exchange-out kinetics and the infrared amide I band frequencies for both membrane-bound and detergent-solubilised rhodopsin. Upon illumination of rhodopsin (bleaching) in the presence of detergents, the hydrogen exchange rates are greatly increased and shifts in the amide I band frequencies are observed, indicative of a large conformation change. No such change occurs upon bleaching membrane-bound rhodopsin. We conclude that the conformation of rhodopsin is not altered by solubilisation in non-ionic detergents. However, in agreement with previously published results, bleached rhodopsin is stabilised by the membrane but does not retain a native conformation in these detergents. PMID- 699919 TI - Selenium content of human milk, cow's mild and cow's milk infant formulas. AB - The selenium content of human milk, cow's milk and cow's milk infant formula were estimated by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The highest values were found in 3 samples of human colostrum (524--865 x 10(-9) g/g dry weight). There was a significant decrease with increasing time post partum. Mature human milk exhibited a selenium content of 230 +/- 79 x 10(-9) g/g dry weight. The selenium content of 45 samples of cow's milk from the north-western area of Germany was 200 +/- 39 x 10(-9) g/g dry weight. While there was no significant difference between the values of mature human milk and of cow's milk, cow's milk infant formula exhibited significantly (P less than 0.01) lower values than human milk. The average selenium content of 107 samples of 10 different commercially available fluid and powdered cow's milk infant formulas (range: 18--171 x 10(-9) g/g dry weight) amounted to about only one third of that in mature human milk. PMID- 699920 TI - Design of a multiple longitudinal study of growth and health in teenagers. AB - This paper describes the design of a study to follow the development of boys and girls in secondary schools from the age of 12 through 17 on an annual basis, in order to acquire more information concerning the growth and development of teenagers. In this study, both physical and psychological characteristics are measured. Normal daily diets, usual physical activity, and attitudes towards physical education are measured to assess their influence on physical and psychological characteristics. In view of the inadequacies of pure-longitudinal and of cross-sectional designs, a multiple longitudinal design has been chosen in which four repeated measurements are made in two overlapping cohorts by which age , time of measurement-, and cohort-effects can be distinguished. Test effects are isolated by comparing the data from the test cohorts with data from an independent sample of identical cohorts from a second "control" school. PMID- 699921 TI - Maple syrup urine disease: treatment of the acutely ill newborn. AB - Three patients with maple syrup urine disease were treated during the acute neonatal stage. Multiple exchange transfusions proved to be a satisfactory means of achieving rapid clinical and biochemical improvement during this phase. On the other hand, evidence is provided suggesting that in addition to exchange transfusions, a high calorie intake above 150 Cal/kg body weight/day is necessary to lower the plasma concentration of the branched chain amino acids to near normal levels. As long as this calorie intake was not provided, further exchange transfusions failed to lower the plasma leucine concentration to below 17 mg/100 ml in one patient. It is assumed that this high calorie intake is necessary to prevent the breakdown of endogenous protein. Treatment of acute episodes in maple syrup urine disease should therefore not only eliminate the elevated alpha-keto acids and branched chain amino acids quickly (i.e. by multiple exchange transfusions or peritoneal dialysis), but in addition should provide a high calorie intake. PMID- 699922 TI - Association of neonatal respiratory distress with birth asphyxia and deficiency of red cell mass in premature infants. AB - Red cell mass (RCM) was estimated using 125I-labelled human serum albumin in 128 premature infants born after 26 to 36 weeks gestation. Infants of three different gestational periods (26--29, 30--32, and 33--36 weeks) with respiratory distress (RD) averaged lower one-minute Apgar scores and lower RCM than infants without RD (P less than 0.05). The incidence of RD was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in infants with Apgar scores below 6 and in infants with RCM of less than 35 ml/kg than in the infants with greater values. The highest incidence of RD and the highest mortality rate were found in the infants with low Apgar scores and low RCM values. Prematures with similar Apgar scores showed a higher incidence of RD when RCM was low, and infants with similar RCM showed a higher incidence of RD when Apgar scores were low. Our results suggest that both birth asphyxia and deficiency of red cell mass interfere with postnatal cardio-respiratory adaptation. In high-risk premature infants, erythrocytes should be transfused when the venous haematocrit is below 0.459 PMID- 699923 TI - Achalasia sicca--juvenile Sjogren's syndrome with achalasia and gastric hyposecretion. AB - Sjogren's syndrome (SS) in its classical form, which includes keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia and recurrent enlargement of the salivary glands, is associated with a connective tissue disease in at least half the patients. According to the present study of three patients with SS, achalasia and gastric hyposecretion seem to be either further manifestations of SS, or separate phenomena associated with SS. The gastric hyposecretion involves both the hydrochloric acid and the total volume of the secretion, but the gastric mucosa has a normal appearance on microscopy. Because of the simultaneous presence of achalasia, gastric hyposecretion and reduced salivation, we have called the combination "achalasia sicca". The reduction in the secretions of the upper gastrointestinal tract might have a pathogenic association with achalasia. PMID- 699924 TI - Influence of the phenylalanine dose on the aromatic acid excretion in phenylketonuric heterozygotes and controls after oral loading. AB - Heterozygotes for phenylketonuria and controls were given oral loads of 100 mg and 200 mg L-phenylalanine per kilogram body weight. The concentrations of urinary aromatic acids were determined by gas-chromatography after isolation by ion-exchange chromatography and ethylacetate extraction. On an intake of 100 mg L phenylalanine per kilogram, controls and carriers of classical phenylketonuria excreted nearly the same amounts of aromatic acids (P greater than 0.05). However on an intake of 200 mg per kilogram L-phenylalanine they could be distinguished from one another (P less than 0.001). PMID- 699925 TI - Premature closure of the foramen ovale with levoatriocardinal vein. AB - Two cases of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome with premature closure of the foramen ovale and levoatriocardinal veins are described and the literature is reviewed. One of the patients is the only case with both mitral and aortic valve atresia. The other is associated with the asplenia syndrome, double-outlet right ventricle without ventricular septal defect, and an anomalous connection of the left atrium to the right auricle. PMID- 699927 TI - Convergent research on language and teaching reading. PMID- 699926 TI - Computer based information management for professionals serving handicapped learners. PMID- 699928 TI - Bias in teachers' observations of emotionally disturbed and learning disabled children. PMID- 699929 TI - The education of gifted and talented children: a status report. PMID- 699930 TI - Teaching severely mentally ill and emotionally disturbed adolescents. PMID- 699931 TI - Competencies of persons responsible for the classification of mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 699932 TI - Prevalence of teacher identified behavior problems: a longitudinal study. PMID- 699933 TI - An evaluation of the teacher consultant model as an approach to mainstreaming. PMID- 699934 TI - The syndromes of familial atrioventricular block with sinus bradycardia: prognostic indices, electrophysiologic and histopathologic correlates. AB - A family with adult onset heart block (AOHB) and sinus bradycardia (SB) was investigated 5 yr after previous study. A 44-yr-old female previously 'normal' presented ECG evidence of 1st-degree and 2nd-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) with normal intraventricular conduction and episodic 3rd-degree AVB. His bundle electrocardiography (HBE) demonstrated A--H prolongation (245msec) with normal H- V time during sinus rhythm and 3rd-degree AV nodal block with a His bundle escape rhythm. Sinus node function served in first-order relatives. HBE and sinus node function were normal in a 38-yr-old sister with new SB. 37 families with familial 3rd-degree AVB were reviewed with attention to prognostic indices and electrophysiologic-pathologic correlates. The incidence of conduction abnormalities supported an autosomal dominant transmission with variable penetrance. Subsidiary pacemaker rate and QRS morphology showed no discriminative value with respect to prognosis. HBS identified A--H prolongation in 2 patients with AOHB and 2 with AOHB and SB, with coexistent H--V conduction delay in 2 cases of AOHB and SB with abnormal QRS morphology. Histopathology was variable, but the finding of multiple lesions in 2 of 5 patients with congenital heart block and each of 2 with AOHB and SB suggests that mixed conduction system disease is prevalent in familial heart block. PMID- 699935 TI - Patients with intractable angina: free thyroxine index, immunoreactive insulin and free fatty acids in blood, free adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. AB - The activity of adrenergic system, thyroid gland and blood levels of insulin and FFA were studied in 120 patients with intractable angina. Noradrenaline excretion was normal but that of adrenaline was augmented in a vast majority of patients and even doubled in 27% of cases. Free thyroxine index values were abnormally high in 22% of cases and inversely correlated with ergometric performance. A diabetic-like insulin response after 50.0 g oral glucose intake was found in 10 out of 26 examined patients. Abnormally high values of FFA were observed in 66%. The mechanisms likely to account for these alterations and their suspected influence on clinical course of intractable angina are discussed. PMID- 699936 TI - Mean electromechanical delta P/ delta t and systolic time intervals in coronary artery disease. AB - Mean electromechanical deltaP/deltat and systolic time intervals were measured in 30 patients with coronary artery disease. Total electromechanical systole (QS2), left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and preejection period (PEP) were measured and PEP/LVET calculated. Systolic time intervals were obtained noninvasively. Mean electromechanical deltaP/deltat was calculated by means of systemic diastolic blood pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure and PEP. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), pulmonary wedge pressure and stroke index were determined by catheterization and left ventriculography. PEP (r = -0.69) and PEP/LVET (r = 0.68) were better correlated to EF than mean electromechanical delatP/deltat (r = 0.63). Patients with previous myocardial infarction were found to have significantly longer PEP (P less than 0.02) and higher PEP/LVET (P less than 0.01) than patients without infarction. Neither of the methods showed significant differences between the groups of patients with 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease. Although systolic time intervals cannot be used in predicting invasive measurements such as EF, the findings indicate that PEP and PEP/LVET may be useful supplement to clinical examination in evaluating left ventricular function in coronary artery disease. PMID- 699937 TI - Effects of nifedipine on creatine kinase release during myocardial ischemia in dogs. AB - 25 anesthetized mongrel dogs underwent a left thoracotomy. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured in serial blood samples drawn simultaneously from the aorta and a coronary vein. The distribution of myocardial perfusion was determined by a continuous infusion of krypton-81m (half-life 13 sec) into the aortic sinuses. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were also measured throughout the procedure. In 20 dogs regional myocardial ischemia was produced by ligation of a major branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Five of these dogs received 1 microgram.kg-1 nifedipine i.v. and a further 5 received 13 microgram.kg-1. Thoracotomy alone produced a slight rise in plasma CK activity but the arteriovenous difference (AV) across the segment of the heart remained positive over 5 h. Myocardial ischemia in the untreated dogs caused a considerable increase in CK activity and the AV difference became negative at 90 min. Treatment with the lower dose of nifedipine considerably reduced the plasma CK activity and the AV difference did not become negative until 3 h. Regional myocardial perfusion showed a significant improvement. Conversely, the higher dose of nifedipine produced a marked increase in the area of ischemia and an acceleration of CK release from the heart. This was associated with a decrease in arterial pressure and an increase in heart rate. These results show that nifedipine can be beneficial in experimental myocardial infarction but care must be taken to avoid hypotension and increases in heart rate. PMID- 699938 TI - Intravenous and oral practolol in the acute stages of myocardial infarction. AB - The influence of routine administration of the beta adrenoceptor blocking drug practolol on the outcome of acute myocardial infarction has been studied in 94 patients. The study was restricted to patients under the age of 70 experiencing their first myocardial infarction and in whom there was no contraindication to beta blockade. In the treated group an initial dose intravenous practolol 15 mg was followed by five oral doses of practolol 200 mg at 12 h intervals. A significant reduction in heart rate and systolic blood pressure was apparent in the treated group within 2 h. No difference was detectable in the course of the acute stage of the illness between treated and control patients, apart from a significant reduction in the incidence of atrial fibrillation among those receiving practolol. Patients with inferior infarctions showed a tendency to develop potentially harmful bradycardia and hypotension on receiving practolol which lead to withdrawal of the drug in many cases. At regular review over 7 mth no detectable difference emerged between the treated and control groups in the incidence of cardiac failure, death or reinfarction. PMID- 699939 TI - Atypical echocardiographic pattern of the posterior leaflet motion in mitral stenosis. AB - In 10% of cases of mitral stenosis the echocardiogram shows a normal backward movement of the posterior mitral leaflet. On the basis of a personal observation the authors suggest that this atypical pattern is related to the type (commissural) and degree (slight) of the valvular involvement. PMID- 699940 TI - Ileum-like congenital elongation of the proximal descending aorta. AB - A case of extraordinary congenital elongation of the proximal descending aorta giving origin to multiple aortic loops, packed in the left-postero-superior mediastinum, is presented. Clinical findings, that is, mid-late systolic ejection murmur, a delayed peak of the femoral pulse, blood pressure in the legs slightly lower than in the arms, were considered noncontributory from the diagnostic point of view, since they may also be present in mild aortic coarctation and in aortic kinking. Chest roentgenogram and fluoroscopy showing 2 pulsating masses protruding to the left of the proximal descending aorta suggested the presence of a more complex aortic malformation. Only angiography provided a correct diagnosis and detected some associated abnormalities as well. PMID- 699941 TI - Congenital apical aneurysm of the left ventricle: surgical removal in two infants. AB - The case histories are described of 2 infants, representing either type of congenital apical left ventricular aneurysm. Case 1 had a finger-like, pulsatile, actively contracting aneurysm which was associated with a split distal end of the sternum and a ventral hernia. In contrast to most of the 55--60 cases hitherto described, no other cardiovascular anomalies were detected at heart catheterization with angiocardiography. The aneurysm was resected at the age of 23 days. Postoperative angiocardiography demonstrated a normal-sized left ventricle with good contractions and no residual aneurysm. He was last seen at the age of 15 mth, doing well. Case 2 had a noncontractile aneurysm and congenital pyloric stenosis, which hitherto has not been found in association with this type of aneurysm in the about 20 reported cases. The aneurysm was resected at the age of 9 mth; the estimated reduction of the left ventricular cavity was 20%. 1 yr after operation the patient was doing well, but the chest roentgenogram was unchanged and at angiocardiography the left ventricular appearance was largely unchanged compared to the preoperative findings. He was last seen at the age of 2 yr, doing well. The long-term prognosis in the latter type of aneurysm has still to be elucidated. PMID- 699942 TI - The effect of drugs on enzyme release from the hypoxic myocardium. AB - The leakage of enzymes from the myocardial cell can be used as an index of the onset and severity of tissue damage. A study has been carried out using the isolated perfused hypoxic rat heart in which the ability of various doses of isoprenaline, dobutamine, propranolol, glucose, insulin, mannitol, adenosine triphosphate and hydrocortisone to increase or decrease myocardial enzyme leakage has been evaluated. PMID- 699943 TI - Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery. AB - A case of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery, in a previously asymptomatic young woman, is presented. Direct transposition into the aortic root of the anomalous vessel was performed. To our knowledge this is the 4th case of this malformation to be successfully corrected. PMID- 699944 TI - Chronic ventricular ectopic activity and sudden death. AB - The majority of deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) occur before the victims receive medical attention. Chronic ventricular ectopic activity (VEA) is a well established predictor of coronary mortality as well as sudden death. Evidence that chronic VEA is independently and causally related to sudden death, however, remains equivocal. Only more advanced grades of chronic VEA appear to be significant. Arrhythmias are clearly more common in patients with advanced coronary obstruction, and therefore prone to new ischemic events and their associated electrical disturbances. Autopsy studies are limited in their ability to identify an acute myocardial infarction in patients who die suddenly, but experience with the mobile coronary care units has reemphasized the role of acute ischemia. The prospective, randomized trial, including reliable assessment of VEA, offers the only definitive means of identifying the contribution of chronic VEA to the incidence of sudden death from CHD. PMID- 699945 TI - Definition of terms related to cardiac rhythm. WHO/ISFC Task Force. PMID- 699946 TI - Electrocardiographic coding: an overview. PMID- 699947 TI - Use and abuse of electrocardiographic classification systems in epidemiologic studies. AB - An analytical study is performed to examine the utility of the Minnesota Code ECG classification for estimation of the prevalence and incidence of coronary and hypertensive heart disease. A statistical model is introduced which permits comparative analysis of the contribution of human coding errors to the overall fraction of misclassified records. It is demonstrated that the poor sensitivity and visual coding variability can seriously limit the usefulness and obscure the meaning of ECG coding results if the disease prevalence or annual event incidence is low. Gross over- or underestimation of prevalence and incidence data takes place frequently. Occasionally, reasonably good estimates are made on the basis of false evidence, for instance when false classifications 'compensate' for a high miss rate. Visual classification errors may contribute a substantial fraction to the overall misclassifications. It is pointed out that the traditional method of estimating classification errors by repeated coding of a given set of records gives a false impression of coding reliability. It is concluded that a substantial reduction of coding variation and an overall improvement of diagnostic accuracy will be required in order to justify continued use of ECG classification in population studies. PMID- 699948 TI - Recommendations for ECG diagnostic coding. Prepared by Working Group 'Diagnostic Codes'. PMID- 699949 TI - Multiple ventricular premature beats in five adolescents. AB - Multiple, short runs of repetitive ventricular premature beats are present in 5 adolescents. These premature beats are continually present, uniform, long and variably coupled and occasionally fuse with sinus beats. This pattern is constant over several years and is associated with generally healthy individuals and otherwise normal hearts. Four of the subjects are completely asymptomatic without syncope or palpitations. The 5th case was asymptomatic for 2 yr until she died suddenly during sleep. Autopsy revealed a pathology of the specialized conduction system in the region of the AV junction. The distinctive pattern and characteristics of this arrhythmia suggest a congenital etiology and a mechanism different from other forms of ventricular ectopia. The single incident of sudden death indicates that this disorder is not benign. PMID- 699950 TI - Electrocardiographic signs in experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction. AB - Epicardial ECG signs have been studied in 26 anesthetized and thoracotomized dogs in an attempt to follow the progress of tissue damage during regional myocardial ischemia. Epicardial ECG's were recorded before and during 15 min, 1 and 5 h of severe left anterior descending coronary artery narrowing. Epicardial ST segment elevation followed a complicated natural history. An analysis of variance showed the significant effects of respiration, heart rate and changes in time during myocardial ischemia. Regional epicardial R waves showed a transient increase in amplitude following coronary narrowing. There was no loss of electrically active myocardium following 15 min of ischemia. Irreversible loss of R waves were noted at between 30 and 45 min and progressed to full development within 5 h following coronary artery narrowing. The loss of electrically active myocardium (R loss plus Q waves) at 5 h was closely related to the myocardial depletion of creatine kinase activity (mu/mg DNA-1) at 24 h in each dog. The early manifestation of myocardial ischemia (ST segment elevation at 17 min) was closely related in the later evidence of cell death (R loss plus Q waves) in each dog. These relationships were less precise when the results were combined and this showed the variability between dogs in heart size and infarct size. The study suggested that the individual complete natural history of these ECG signs must be studied before they can be used to assess the extent and progress of myocardial ischemia and cell death. PMID- 699951 TI - The impact of computers on electrocardiography. AB - The development of the electrocardiograph was the culmination of a scientific effort aimed at perfection of a device conceived for the elucidation of a physiologic phenomenon. The development of the digital computer was the culmination of a scientific effort aimed at perfection of warfare. Both of these fairly recent innovations of modern technology have been moderately successful in their initial objectives. Electrocardiography has had a profound influence on the practice of medicine. On the global scene, computers have so far had an insignificant influence on the practice of electrocardiography. In North America, however, computer interpretation of ECGs has already made a modest impact, perhaps more in terms of commercial gains rather than producing a substantial benefits to health care. The introduction of computers into clinical electrocardiography has not resulted in any widespread application of improved diagnostic criteria. The automation of ECG interpretation has not resulted in reduction of the cost of health care, on the contrary, in general it has increased the cost. Perhaps the most dismal failure has been the negligible use of computers in epidemiologic studies and heart disease prevention efforts. Palmistry, astrology, the art of palpation of the pulse, auscultation and acupuncture have had a more profound influence on the practice of medicine than computer analysis of the electrocardiogram. On the positive side, one of the beneficial effects of the use of computers has been the increasing awareness of the limited diagnostic accuracy of currently used ECG criteria, and the recognition of the fact that a substantial improvement is warranted; if such improvement can not be achieved in the foreseeable future, electrocardiography will lose much of its current clinical utility. Computers have had a profound influence on research in electrocardiology, and although a very few tangible concrete results have thus far diffused into clinical electrocardiography, their impact can be expected during the last two decades of this century. Computers will produce at least containment of costs if not actual net cost reduction in clinical electrocardiography. Computer analysis will rapidly antiquate the present primitive visual ECG classification in epidemiologic studies and clinical heart disease intervention trials. Computer analysis will enhance the diagnostic accuracy of the electrocardiogram. However, a radical departure from the current ECG display and interpretation practice will be mandatory before any substantial breakthrough can be materialized. All these anticipated evolutionary and perhaps even revolutionary changes will require a continuing intensive research effort, a change in the professional attitude of practicing electrocardiographers and a considerable effort in professional education. Finally, the elucidation and exploration of the full diagnostic and predictive value of the ECG remains the challenge of first magnitude in electrocardiography... PMID- 699952 TI - Endocardial and His bundle electrocardiograms. AB - Endocardial electrocardiograms permit the analysis of auricular depolarization and contribute to the study of ventricular activation. Direct recording of auriculograms from the right atrium and indirect recording of the left auriculograms through the coronary sinus and pulmonary artery, show the different auricular activation pathways in common atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia and in case of retrograde atrial depolarization (via the AV node, septal or parietal accessory pathway). His bundle electrograms obtained via the femoral vein or, less easy, via the brachial vein, has introduced an essential mark in the analysis of intracardiac activation enabling us to precisely locate lesions of the AV conduction system, making easier differential diagnosis between aberrant ventricular conduction and ventricular ectopic rhythms and contributing to the study of ventricular preexcitation. Endocavitary stimulation at increasing rate and by the single extrastimulus technique is the complement of intracardiac electrocardiography in evaluating sinus node function, conduction times and refractory periods at different levels, electrophysiological properties of accessory pathways and studies of the antiarrhythmic drugs. Programmed stimulation allows the recognition of reentry as the mechanism of many tachyarrhythmias. The recording of monophasic action potential by the suction- electrode technique is another step in the intracavitary electrophysiological investigation. PMID- 699953 TI - Advances in the understanding of conduction disturbances. AB - The interest towards intraventricular conduction defects started some 10 yr after the introduction of the string galvanometer by Einthoven. As early as 1910, it was known that conduction blockade could occur along either branch of the intraventricular conducting pathway. It took some 20 yr to identify properly the electrocardiographic manifestations of right and left bundle branch blocks. A further 30 yr were needed to obtain a sound correlation between these functional disorders and the presence of anatomical lesions. The more recent introduction of the concept of left hemiblocks further improved our understanding of intraventricular conduction defects. The latter concept is based on the hypothesis of the anatomical and functional bifascicularity of the left bundle branch, a hypothesis which cannot be accepted without some reservations. Later developments indicated that left hemiblocks associated with right bundle branch block represent manifestations of bilateral conduction disturbances (incomplete bilateral bundle branch block). Such an association may constitute a forerunner of complete atrioventricular block, or an indicator of the possibility of sudden death. Whether these complications occur frequently or unfrequently in the setting of incomplete bilateral bundle branch block remains an unsettled question. PMID- 699954 TI - Immune responses to weakly immunogenic virally induced tumors. II. Suppressive effects of the in vivo carried tumor YAC. AB - Unprimed spleen cells from A and C57BL/6 mice could not produce cytotoxic responses to their syngeneic tumors: a Moloney virus-induced in vitro subline YAC 1 and a Rauscher virus-induced in vitro subline RBL5, respectively. Spleen cells from A and C57BL/6 mice immunized with YAC-1 OR RBL5 (which cross-react serologically) generated significant syngeneic cytotoxicities after cultivation in vitro. The in vivo carried tumor of A mice, unlike the in vitro sublines, could not stimulate a priming effect. In contrast, YAC stimulated the formation of suppressor cells in both A and C57BL/6 mice. The suppressor cells abrogated the priming effect of the syngeneic tumors, but not the priming effect of the allogeneic tumors. Furthermore, YAC did not suppress normal allogeneic anti-tumor responses. The theoretical and the practical implications of these studies are discussed. PMID- 699955 TI - Intrathymic pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis: transient expression of acetylcholine receptors on thymus-derived myogenic cells. AB - Differentiation of myogenic stem cells from undifferentiated thymic stem cells is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. The expression of membrane acetylcholine receptor (AChR) on the membranes of developing muscle clones in cultures of murine thymus reticulum was followed and found to be transient. AChR are first expressed shortly after fusion of myotubes. In subsequent stages of myogenic development, the density of homogenously distributed AChR is strongly increased, and, in addition, concentrated "hot spot" AChR areas appear. During further maturation, membrane AChR are lost. Highly mature myotubes (3 months in culture) lack substantial amounts of homogenous AChR, as well as hot spots. PMID- 699956 TI - Rat macrophage-mediated toxicity to cancer cells; effect of endotoxins and endotoxin inhibitors contained in culture media. AB - The cytotoxic effect of normal or BCG-activated rat macrophages on a syngeneic line of cancer cells was compared in media containing rat or bovine sera. Normal macrophages were usually cytotoxic to cancer cells in fetal or newborn bovine serum; however, they enhanced cancer cell growth in normal rat serum. BCG- activated macrophages were toxic to cancer cells regardless of the serum used in the assay. Many cell culture media or sera obtained commercially were found to be contaminated by bacterial endotoxins. When endotoxin-free reagents were used in the toxicity assay, different results were observed: normal macrophages were not cytotoxic, but rather, they often enhanced cell growth even in fetal bovine serum; toxicity of activated macrophages was significantly reduced in normal rat serum. These results suggest that endotoxin and endotoxin inhibitors play a role in the modulation of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring endotoxin contamination in cell culture reagents used in assays involving macrophages. PMID- 699957 TI - Expression of HLA-A, but not of HLA-B, in mouse-human somatic cell hybrids carrying the region p21 leads to pter of human chromosome 6. AB - Mouse-human somatic cell hybrids containing human chromosome 17 carrying the region p21 leads to pter of human chromosome 6 and no other human chromosomes, were found to express HLA-A but not HLA-B. Counterselection of the hybrid cells in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine resulted in the growth of hybrid cells that have concordantly lost the expression of HLA-A and the human translocation chromosome. PMID- 699958 TI - Effects of single and multiple doses of desipramine (DMI) on endogenous levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-sulfate (MOPEG-SO4) in rat brain. AB - A single administration of desipramine (DMI) (10 mg/kg, i. p.) decreased brain levels and probenecid-induced accumulation rate of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol-sulfate (MOPEG-SO4) in rats. To investigate the mechanism of this action, the interaction of DMI with NA receptor blockers and its effects on electrical stimulation were evaluated. It was found that phenoxybenzamine (20 mg/kg) or chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg) completely prevented the DMI-induced decrease in MOPEG-SO4 brain levels. On the other hand, DMI did not antagonize the increase in MOPEG-SO4 induced in the cortex-hippocampus by stimulation of the locus coeruleus. These observations indicate that the effect of DMI on MOPEG-SO4 is more likely to be due to a reduction of neuronal impulse flow mediated by a negative feed-back mechanism resulting from impairment of reuptake than to a direct effect on NA catabolism. In contrast to the effect of a single dose, the repeated administration of DMI (10 mg/kg, twice a day for 3 days) did not significantly reduce the rate of probenecid-induced accumulation of MOPEG-SO4. This development of tolerance to the metabolite-decreasing effects of DMI indicates that complex adaptive changes occur in the NA system upon repeated DMI administration. PMID- 699959 TI - Electrophysiological and inotropic effects of natural amino-deoxyglyco cardenolides. AB - The electrophysiological, inotropic and chronotropic effects of the two first natural amino-dexoyglyco-cardenolides, mitiphylline and holarosine B, were studied. Mitiphylline has qualitatively the same properties as those of common cardiac glycosides but is more potent; holarosine B has a similar action on cardiac electrophysiological parameters of the guinea pig heart but is less potent. The difference in activity between these two compounds could be attributed to the configuration in 5-and 17-positions of the genins. Holarisone B has the particularity of increasing the action potential plateau amplitude and its duration in rat heart; this could be part of the role of the aminosugar moiety. PMID- 699960 TI - The effect of gamma-acetylenic GABA, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, on dopamine pathways of the extrapyramidal and limbic systems. AB - gamma-Acetylenic GABA (100 mg/kg i.p.) inhibited GABA-transaminase activity and caused a several-fold increase in the concentration of GABA in rat brain. This increased GABA concentration was associated with a decreased rate of dopamine depletion following alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine treatment and a decrease in homovanillic acid in extrapyramidal and limbic structures suggesting a decrease in dopamine turnover in both pathways. In addition, gamma-acetylenic GABA injected into the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum decreased dopamine turnover in the mesolimbic forebrain. These results are consistent with a modulatory function of GABAergic neurons on extrapyramidal and limbic dopamine pathways. Inhibitory effects on dopaminergic functions of the extrapyramidal and limbic systems were also indicated by the amphetamine and apomorphine-induced ipsilateral turning after unilateral substantia nigral injections of gamma-acetylenic GABA and by the attenuation of dopamine-induced hypermotility after bilateral injections of gamma acetylenic GABA into the nucleus accumbens. PMID- 699961 TI - Effects of neurotensin on isolated intestinal smooth muscles. AB - The effects of neurotensin were investigated in intestinal smooth muscle preparations. Neurotensin relaxed the rat ileum, and contracted the guinea-pig ileum and taenia. Neurotensin induced a biphasic response (relaxation followed by contraction) in the contracted guinea-pig ileum. In all systems, half-maximal effects were obtained with 4--5 nM neurotensin and maximal responses with 30--60 nM; tachyphylaxis occurred with higher concentrations. Tetrodotoxin did not affect the responses to neurotensin in the rat ileum and the guinea-pig taenia. Tetrodotoxin abolished the contraction or the contraction phase (but not the relaxation phase) of the biphasic response induced by neurotensin in the guinea pig ileum. Atropine partially inhibited the Neurotensin-induced contraction in the guinea-pig ileum. These results suggest that neurotensin acts on intestinal smooth muscle both directly (relaxation of the rat and guinea-pig ileum, and contraction of the guinea-pig taenia) and through a nerve-mediated, partly cholinergic, process (contraction of the guinea-pig ileum). PMID- 699962 TI - The role of calcium in supersensitivity to the inotropic effects of norepinephrine. AB - Experiments using electrically stimulated rabbit left atria have demonstrated that supersensitivity to the inotropic effects of norepinephrine can be induced by either chronic reserpine pretreatment or hypothermia (lowering the temperature of the bathing medium). These two experimental conditions for inducing supersensitivity were not additive implying that they shared a common mechanism of action. Norepinephrine had no significant effect on the amplitude of a potentiated contraction of the rabbit atrium when the temperature was reduced from 37 to 30 degrees C or following pretreatment with reserpine (30 or 37 degrees C). Under these same conditions the ED50 of norepinephrine on the normal contraction was reduced. It is concluded that both reserpine pretreatment and hypothermia induce supersensitivity to the inotropic effects of norepinephrine by enhancing the cellular store of activator calcium while not affecting the ability of norepinephrine to release activator calcium. PMID- 699963 TI - Muscarinic modulation of acetylcholine release evoked by dimethylphenylpiperazinium and high potassium from guinea-pig myenteric plexus. AB - The effects of oxotremorine and atropine on the ACh release evoked from the guinea-pig myenteric plexus by dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP) or by high potassium were investigated. DMPP caused an output of ACh by stimulating nicotine receptors that are probably situated on the soma-dendritic part of the cholinergic neuron. The DMPP-induced release of ACh was dose-dependently inhibited by oxotremorine and increased by atropine. The ACh output evoked by either 45 or 108 mM potassium was enhanced by atropine. Oxotremorine did not affect the ACh release by high potassium but prevented the facilitatory effect of atropine. It is concluded that the inhibitory muscarinic mechanism modulates similarly the ACh release evoked by DMPP or high potassium and the release caused by electrical stimulation. From the experiments with high potassium it is concluded that the inhibitory muscarine receptors are localized at the site of ACh release. PMID- 699964 TI - The effect of cholinesterase inhibitors and corticosteroids on rat nerve-muscle preparations treated with hemicholinium-3. PMID- 699965 TI - Effect of imidazole on prostaglandin and thromboxane accumulation in urate arthritis. AB - High concentrations of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha and much lower concentrations of thromboxane B2 occurs in joint washes of chicken 1--3 h after intra-articular injection of urate crystals. Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg imidazole i.v. reduced the concentration of prostaglandins and of thromboxane B2 in the joint washes significantly. Simultaneously, leucocyte invasion was delayed and development of oedema was inhibited. The results suggest that in urate crystal arthritis the effect on prostaglandin and thromboxane accumulation at the site of inflammation contributes to the anti-inflammatory activity of imidazole. PMID- 699966 TI - High affinity binding of 3H-histamine in rat brain. PMID- 699967 TI - Histamine H2-receptor binding with 3H-cimetidine in brain. PMID- 699968 TI - 3H-Spiroperidol binding to two receptor sites in both the corpus striatum and frontal cortex of rat brain. PMID- 699969 TI - Differences in benzodiazepine receptor binding in Maudsley reactive and Maudsley non-reactive rats. PMID- 699970 TI - Dopamine receptor binding of 3H-ADTN (2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene) regulated by guanyl nucleotides. PMID- 699971 TI - The effects of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol on mammary gland growth, enzyme activity and plasma prolactin levels in the mouse. AB - DELTA1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta1-THC), a highly lipid soluble and active principle of cannabis, was injected each day (25 mg/kg) s.c. in mice from the estimated 13th day of pregnancy. Delta1-THC-treated mice showed no increase in the wet weight or DNA content of their mammary glands during the period of investigation from before parturition until the 12th day post-partum. A marked increase in mammary-gland lipoprotein lipase activity w,s found in control mice at parturition and this was suppressed by delta1-THC. Prolactin rose to a peak level in plasma earlier in lactation in the control mice than in the delta1-THC treated mice. This delayed rise in plasma prolactin due to delta1-THC may account for the depression of mammary gland growth and development by the drug and for the delay in the appearance of high activities of lipoprotein lipase until later in lactation. PMID- 699973 TI - Precise location within the preoptic area where noradrenaline produces hypothermia. AB - Noradrenaline (5 microgram in 0.5 microliter) was microinjected into 87 different sites within the preoptic anterior hypothermic area of cat brain to determine the anatomical location most sensitive to the hypothermic action of the amine. At 26 of these sites noradrenaline produced a hypothermia greater than 0.5 degrees C. Such falls in body temperature were invariably accompanied by vasodilation and sometimes by a marked increase in respiratory rate. During the hypothermia most animals appeared sedated. Histological analysis of the sites where hypothermia was produced indicated that the site of maximum sensitivity occurred between the optic chiasm and the anterior commissure at A 15.0, L 2.5, H--2.5. The results are discussed in terms of the physiological control of body temperature. PMID- 699972 TI - Responses of central neurones to piribedil and 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine: comparison with dopamine and apomorphine. AB - The effects of two putative dopamine receptor agonists, piribedil and 2-bromo alpha-ergocryptine were studied by means of microiontophoresis. Their effects were compared with those of dopamine and apomorphine on neurones of the frontal cortex and of the caudate nucleus both of which are rich in dopaminergic terminals. Piribedil and S. 584, its dihydroxyphenyl derivative, displayed a potent dopamine-like inhibition in both these areas. 2-Bromo-alpha-ergocryptine exerted significant inhibition on cortical neurones which were spontaneously active but only weak or negligible inhibition on cortical and caudate glutamate driven units. These observations raise the possibilities that 2-bromo-alpha ergocryptine (1) mediates its inhibitory effect via a predominant presynaptic action; (2) acts preferentially on cortical neurones. PMID- 699974 TI - Effects of cold or restraint on incidence of gastric ulceration induced in rats by ulcerogenic drugs. AB - Exposure to cold (4degreesC) or restraint increased the incidence and severity of gastric ulceration induced after i.p. injection of phenylbutazone, aspirin and indomethacin but not of histamine. Oral administration of cimetidine, an H2 receptor blocker, 30 min before drug injection, prevented the occurrence of gastric lesions. PMID- 699975 TI - Transient effect of intracellular dantrolene on E--C coupling in skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of dantrolene-Na (DAN) on electrical and mechanical responses was investigated to single fibers of frog semitendinosus. Twitch tension was potentiated over 2--4 min by intracellular application of DAN and was rapidly decreased thereafter. Extracellular DAN depressed the tension with all dosages used. Although DAN had no effect on membrane potential, it exerted a biphasic action on membrane excitability. From these results, a mechanism is postulated for the release of trigger Ca2+ from T-tubules. PMID- 699976 TI - Clozapine concentrations in brain regions: relationship to dopamine metabolite increase. AB - Levels of clozapine in rat striatum and tuberculum olfactorium were quantitated by a gas chromatographic technique. The relationship of the increase in 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in these regions produced by clozapine to the concentration of clozapine was explored. One hour after 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg clozapine i.p. the concentration of drug increased in proportion to the dose and at each dose was similar in striatum and T.O. The percent increase in DOPAC in both areas was related to the clozapine concentration in a typical dose--response manner and was greater in the striatum than the T.O. A relatively high concentration of clozapine (40 micron) was required to produce a half-maximal elevation of DOPAC. Striatal clozapine levels were similar in acutely and chronically treated animals. The concentrations of clozapine in striatum and T.O. reflect the dose injected and do not account for its atypical properties. PMID- 699977 TI - Yohimbine blockade of ionic channels in myocardial cells. AB - The effects of yohimbine, an alkaloid shown to have local anesthetic properties on nerve, were determined in isolated perfused chick embryonic (19--21-day-old) hearts. Effects on the fast Na+ channels were studied in hearts perfused with normal Ringer solution by using the maximal upstroke velocity (+Vmax) as an index of the inward current flowing during the rising phase of the normal action potential. Yohimbine (10(-5)--10(-4) M) depressed +Vmax and overshoot and prolonged the action potential. At 5 x 10(-4) M, yohimbine completely blocked the fast Na+ channels, since this dose abolished the action potential when Mn2+ (2 mM) was present to eliminate the slow Ca2+ current. Effects on the slow channels were studied in hearts in which the fast Na+ channels were voltage-inactivated by partial depolarization to about--40 mV with an elevated (25 mM) K+-Ringer solution or blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), resulting in loss of excitability. Isoproterenol (10(-6) M) restored excitability by inducing a slowly rising overshooting electrical response (the "slow response") that was accompanied by contractions. At low concentrations (10(-5)--10(-4) M), yohimbine enhanced the isoproterenol-induced slow response; yohimbine induced the slow response in the absence of isoproterenol, even in the presence of a beta-adrenergic blocker. In contrast, at high concentrations (10(-3) M), yohimbine markedly depressed or blocked the slow response. Consistent with this dual action, yohimbine exerted a small positive inotropic action at low doses in hearts perfused with normal Ringer solution and exerted a considerable negative inotropic action at high doses, causing complete blockade of the contractions within 20 min. Cultured reaggregated cells obtained from chick embryo (15--17 day-old) ventricles showed a similar response to yohimbine in that both the normal action potentials and the slow responses were abolished. It is concluded that yohimbine exerts a local anesthetic-like action on myocardial cells, since both fast and slow channels were blocked, but the fast channels were more sensitive to yohimbine. PMID- 699978 TI - The in vivo binding of [3H]-desipramine and [3H]-chlorpromazine to areas in the rat brain. AB - The distribution of [3H]-desipramine (DMI) and of [3H]-chlorpromazine (CPZ) in rat brain was determined by the incorporation of radioactivity into various regions of the brain and by autoradiography of transverse cryostat sections. The label from [3H]-DMI was rapidly distributed in all brain regions, reaching peak levels within 30 min and considerably decreasing 1--4 h after injection. Following the selective destruction of catecholaminergic nerve terminals by intracerebral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a marked reduction in the incorporation of DMI, but not of CPZ, was evident in all brain areas investigated. The autoradiographed sections clearly demonstrated a preferential uptake of both drugs by the caudate nucleus. These findings suggest that DMI might be largely bound to presynaptic dopamine and norepinephrine terminals, while the CPZ binding involves postsynaptic sites. PMID- 699979 TI - Altered state of cardiac sympathetic nerves during immunologically induced anemia. AB - Cardiac norepinephrine (NE) levels exhibit a marked reduction in rats suffering from hemolytic anemia induced with antibodies against rat red blood cells. Administration of antiserum via tail vein resulted in a highly reproducible 70% drop in hemoglobin levels by 72 h. At 96 h cardiac NE levels were decreased by 67%; NE levels in vas deferens and submaxillary gland were not decreased. Within 10 days, both hemoglobin and cardia NE returned to near control levels. Hearts from anemic rats showed a 68% decrease in their ability to accumulate 3H-NE administered in tracer doses at 72 h of anemia. Cardiac NE turnover rates were increased 88% in 72 h anemic animals. These results are consistent with an anemia induced activation of cardiac sympathetic nerves. Cardiac monoamine oxidase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities in whole heart homogenates were similar in control and anemic animals at 72 h. These results suggest that NE depletion is not the result of decreased synthetic capacity of the nerves or degeneration of existing terminals. The data suggest that cardiac NE depletion during anemic stress is associated with the combined effects of increased NE release and a decrease in the effective NE uptake or binding capacity of sympathetic nerves. Anemia-induced depletion may, therefore, be different from the depletion associated with other forms of cardiovascular stress. PMID- 699980 TI - Increased adenylate cyclase activity and rapid weight loss following intraseptal injection of cholera toxin. AB - Cholera toxin, stereotaxically injected into the medial septal nucleus of the rat, leads within 24 h to a dramatic decrease in body weight and an increase in septal adenylate cyclase activity. Toxin-treated rats drink one-third the water of vehicle-treated animals while excreting two-and-one half times the urine. Food intake over the 24-h period is depressed to 13% of control but feces production was normal. The dramatic increase of urinary output suggests that cholera toxin activates a septal adenylate cyclase system which supressess the release of antidiuretic hormone. Cholera toxin injection into the septum may be a unique alternative to electrical stimulation for investigating septal involvement in the regulation of neuronal and metabolic processes. PMID- 699981 TI - Differences in the dopaminergic effects of the ergot derivatives bromocriptine, lisuride and d-LSD as compared with apomorphine. PMID- 699983 TI - Release of beta-endorphin from rat pituitary in vitro. AB - The rate of release of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity from the anterior lobe of the rat pituitary in vitro increased in respone to potassium-induced depolarization in a calcium-dependent manner. Potassium-induced depolarization did not, however, change the rate of release from intermediate/posterior lobe. These findings provide support for the view that beta-endorphin may have a humoral function and suggest that beta-endorphin stores in discrete pituitary areas are regulated by different release mechanisms. PMID- 699982 TI - Interaction of serotonin and deslanoside on cardiac rhythm in the cat. AB - The present study was performed to determine whether increases in the tissue content of serotonin creatinine SO4 in the periphery would influence the arrhythmogenic effect of deslanoside. This was accomplished by infusing serotonin into anesthetized cats exposed to a subarrhythmic dose of deslanoside, determining doses of deslanoside required to produce ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, and determining ventricular pacemaker rate (obtained during vagal-induced sinus node suppression). It was found that animals receiving serotonin creatinine SO4 plus deslanoside exhibited a greater increase in ventricular rate during sinus node suppression than with 5-HT infusion alone. No corresponding increase in ventricular pacemaker rate during sinus node suppression was observed with creatinine SO4 plus deslanoside. In addition, the dose of deslanoside to produce ventricular fibrillation in these animals was significantly correlated with the increase in ventricular pacemaker rate seen during th 5-HT infusion in the presence of deslanoside. Studies were also performed to determine whether the arrhythmogenic interaction of serotonin with deslanoside was associated with alterations in either cardiac tissue, blood or plasma levels of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. The data revealed a significant correlation between serotonin content in the left ventricle and the dose of deslanoside required to produce ventricular fibrillation. These results suggest that exogenous serotonin interacts with deslanoside to enhance the arrhythmogenic action of deslanoside. PMID- 699984 TI - Affinities of drugs for the agonist and antagonist states of the dopamine receptor. PMID- 699985 TI - Junction formation in trypsinized cells of human adenocarcinoma cell line. PMID- 699986 TI - Arrest of cell growth in the G1 phase of the cell cycle by serine deprivation. PMID- 699987 TI - Regulation of the rate of protein synthesis in BHK21 cells by exogenous serine. PMID- 699988 TI - Inability of colchicine to inhibit newt epidermal cell migration or prevent concanavalin A-mediated inhibition of migration. Studies in vivo. PMID- 699989 TI - Cell surface morphology and adhesive properties of normal and virally transformed cells treated with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation. PMID- 699990 TI - Influence of red cell shape on surface charge topography. PMID- 699991 TI - "Sluggers", a new class of morphogenetic mutants of D. discoideum. PMID- 699992 TI - Induction of intracisternal A-type particles during Friend cell differentiation. PMID- 699993 TI - Control of transcription in aging WI38 cells stimulated by serum to divide. PMID- 699994 TI - Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 5. Properties of and monosynaptic excitatory convergence on C3--C4 propriospinal neurones. AB - Recording was made in the C3--C4 segments from cell bodies of propriospinal neurones identified by their antidromic activation from more caudal segments. Monosynaptic excitatory effects from descending motor pathways and primary afferents were investigated by electrical stimulation of higher motor centres and peripheral nerves in the forelimb and neck. The cell bodies were located mainly laterally in Rexed's layer VII. Threshold mapping for single axons showed that they descend in the lateroventral part of the lateral funicle. Antidromic stimulation at different spinal cord levels showed that some neurones terminated in the forelimb segments, others in the thoracic cord or in the lumbar segments. Terminal slowing of the conduction velocity suggested axonal branching over some segments. Monosynaptic EPSPs were evoked in the neurons by stimulation of the contralateral pyramid, red nucleus and dorsal tegmentum-superior colliculus. It is concluded that corticospinal, rubrospinal and tectospinal fibres project directly to both short and long propriospinal neurones. There was marked frequency potentiation in tectospinal synapses. Convergence from two descending tracts was common and in half of the tested cells all three tracts contributed monosynaptic excitation. Experiments with collision of descending volleys and antidromic volleys from the brachial segments demonstrated that the corticospinal and rubrospinal monosynaptic projection to the propriospinal neurones is by collaterals from fibres continuing to the forelimb segments. PMID- 699995 TI - Phasic discharge in supraoptic neurones recorded from hypothalamic slices. PMID- 699996 TI - Goal-directed movement potentials of human cerebral cortex. PMID- 699997 TI - Diminution and reversal of eye movements induced by local stimulation of rabbit cerebellar flocculus after partial destruction of the inferior olive. AB - After the dorsal cap and adjacent ventrolateral outgrowth regions of the inferior olive had been chronically destroyed in the rabbits, the eye movements evoked by local stimulation of the flocculus were reduced in amplitude and reversed in direction, indicating that the inhibition by flocculus Purkinje cells of vestibulo-ocular relay neurons could no longer be actuated by the stimulation. PMID- 699998 TI - Reduction of the cerebellar stimulus effect on rat Deiters neurons after chemical destruction of the inferior olive. AB - After the inferior olive of the rats had been destroyed by administration of 3 Acetylpyridine, the inhibitory effect of cerebellar stimulation on Deiters neurons was substantially reduced, indicating impairment in functions of Purkinje cells and/or their axons after deprivation of climbing fiber afferents from the cerebellum. PMID- 699999 TI - The response of horizontal semicircular canal afferents to sinusoidal rotation in the cat. AB - Dynamic characteristics of primary vestibular afferents innervating the horizontal semicircular canal were studied in decerebrate, unanesthetized cats. Activities of individual afferent fibers were recorded intracranially by glass micropipettes. Frequency of sinusoidal rotation was varied from 0.014 Hz to 0.42 Hz, and phase and gain properties were examined. All of the fibers recorded fired spontaneously, and their firing rate ranged from 7 to 128 spikes/sec. Regularity of firing, phase lags, and gains were calculated in individual fibers. There was a tendency that the units with high spontaneous firing rates showed regular firing, larger phase lags, and lower gains that the units with low spontaneous firing rates. The transfer function of the system (firing rate of the primary afferent per angular acceleration of the head) was (formula: see text). A high frequency phase lead component was needed to account for the data obtained, indicating a slight deviation from the relationship predicted by the torsion pendulum model. The present phase properties were compared with those of vestibular nucleus neurons reported previously. It was suggested that a group of vestibular nucleus neurons transmits fairly faithfully the phase properties of primary afferents, and that another group of vestibular nucleus neurons receive additional influences from central structures, exhibiting larger phase lags than primary afferents. PMID- 700000 TI - Visuomotor restriction of one eye in kittens reared with alternate monocular deprivation. AB - It is known that kittens reared in ways that restrict movement while visual stimulation is received exhibit deficits in visually guided behavior. Presumably, the behavioral dysfunction is due to a lack of sensorimotor coordination during visual exposure. The current investigation was undertaken to study this effect both physiologically and behaviorally. Two groups of kittens were normally reared until they were nearly 4 weeks old. They were then placed in a darkroom and exposed daily for 1--2 hours while one eye was occluded. On alternate days, alternate eyes were covered. One group was restrained in a body cast while a given eye was exposed, but the kittens were free to move about while the other eye received visual experience. A second control group was alternately occluded, but freely mobile during all exposures. An additional cat was also unrestrained during daily rearing periods and neither eye was ever occluded. Behavioral tests showed clear deficits when the "passive" eye of the restrained-unrestrained group was used. Deficiencies were found in visually guided paw placing, pursuit eye movements, and jumping behavior to a platform. Responses of single cells were studied in area 17 of the visual cortex. Ocular dominance distributions showed marked reductions in binocularity for alternated occluder cats. The eye that had received exposure while animals were active in the restrained-unrestrained group also tended to predominate but the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 700001 TI - Systems-matching by degeneration. I. A quantitative electron microscopic study of the generation and degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in the chicken. AB - The total number of optic nerve fibers of the chicken was determined at twenty sequential developmental stages from incubation day 5 to 104 days after hatching. It was found that the total number of optic nerve fibers increases from 4400 on incubation day 5 to about 4.0 million on incubation days 10 and 11. Thereafter, it decreases to a final value of about 2.4 million by incubation day 18 and remains constant from that time on until adulthood. Thus, 40% of optic fibers degenerate. Degenerating ganglion cells in the retina are first detectable by incubation day 9. Initially degenerating cells are located mainly in the central retina, but on subsequent days they can be found predominantly in peripheral zones. It is postulated that cell death occurs because of competition for adequate arborization space. If more retinal afferent fibers arrive than tectal termination sites are available, supernumerary fibers may degenerate. By degeneration the two systems retina and optic tectum, are matched in size. PMID- 700002 TI - The effect of pentobarbital, chloralhydrate, ether and protoveratrine on the distribution of synaptic vesicles in rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - Rat cortical synaptosomes were incubated in a saline medium. On the addition of pentobarbital, chloralhydrate, ether and protoveratrine a redistribution of synaptic vesicles was revealed by electron microscopy. The anaesthetics decreased the number of synaptic vesicles attached to the presynaptic membrane while protoveratrine increased them. It is assumed that these agents affect the mechanism of vesicle reformation from the synaptosomal membrane and/or vesicle migration towards the synaptic cleft. PMID- 700003 TI - Short-term increase and long-term reversion of striatal cell activity after degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. AB - The spontaneous activity of neurons in the head of the striatum was studied in rats 3 days and more than 1 year after a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine system in comparison to unlesioned animals. Cells were detected and tracked by stimulating the excitatory corticostriatal pathway. In unlesioned animals striatal cells discharged at very low frequencies, with a median of 0.04 impulse/second. The activity was increased to 0.28 impulses/second 3 days after the lesion. This increase was related to the degree of dopamine depletion. More than 1 year after the lesion, the frequency had decreased to a level indistinguishable from that measured in unlesioned animals, with a median of 0.03 impulses/second. Cells in 3-day lesioned animals discharged a higher number of bursts at shorter intervals as compared to unlesioned animals, while in long-term denervated animals the bursting pattern was similar to that in unlesioned animals. This demonstrates that removal of the dopaminergic input results in increased activity only during an initial phase and that adaptive processes subsequently occur. The data from this Parkinsonian model suggest that symptoms of this disease cannot simply be related to an increased striatal cellular activity. The fact that the initially increased spontaneous activity adapted indicates that functional effects of a lesion can only be evaluated when studying the resulting changes throughout a time course. PMID- 700004 TI - The control of rapid limb movement in the cat. I. Response latency. AB - A versatile tracking task has been developed to assess the competence of feline subjects in using sensory information to initiate and guide limb movement. In the present study we investigated the response latency and the factors which affect it in order to define temporal constraints on the underlying processing of information. The paradigm makes use of an electromechanical display of the difference between the output of transducers in a manipulandum (controlled by the cat) and a target level (controlled by the experimenter). Because of inertia and friction, a step change in target level required 230 msec to fully shift the display. The animals were trained to match the position of the manipulandum (or the force they applied to it isometrically) to the target level for a food reward. Target perturbations elicited rapid position or force adjustments of appropriate direction and magnitude at short latency. Under isometric conditions, the latency of the response was an inverse function of the extent of display motion and of the peak rate of force change attained during the adjustment. Asymptotic values of the response time, measured from the perturbation to the first change in force applied to the lever, were typically between 50 and 70 msec. Since the motor responses were invariably initiated while the display was still moving, the animals must have used information contained in the derivatives of its motion. In the absence of visual cues, deflection of the vibrissae by the sudden motion of the dispaly provided two of the four animals with sufficient information to initiate and guide their movements without changes in response latency. When vision was allowed, section of the vibrissae produced a persistent increase in response times of 15-20 msec. This difference in latency is compatible with the delays due to retinal transmission. The short time interval elapsing between stimulus and response strongly suggests that the topography and the metrics of the underlying transformations are adjusted by gating and/or biasing processes which precede the stimulus. It is concluded that sensory information can generate purposeful movements through pathways which include only a small number of central relays in series, independently of its modality. PMID- 700006 TI - Cutaneous fiber groups involved in the inhibition of fictive locomotion in the rabbit. AB - Decorticate, paralyzed unanaesthetized rabbit preparations can display motoneuron discharges (spontaneous or elicited through various somatic stimulations) which are related to locomotion. These activities are suppressed when manual pressure is exerted on the dorso-lumbar skin. The present study indicates that: (1) locomotor discharges can also be inhibited through repetitive electrical stimulation of one of the skin nerves belonging to dorsal dermatomes (TH5 to L5); (2) other skin nerves, especially those of the limbs, do not present the same inhibitory properties; (3) among the various fiber groups composing these dorsal skin nerves, only A delta are inhibitory; other groups, on the contrary, display moderate (A alpha and A beta) or strong (unmyelinated C fibers) excitatory actions; (4) the inhibitory action of A delta fibers counteracts the excitatory action of C fibers, when both groups are stimulated together. The relationship between this form of motor inhibition and the well known phenomenon of "reflex immobility" is briefly considered. PMID- 700005 TI - The control of rapid limb movement in the cat. II. Scaling of isometric force adjustments. AB - In the previous study it was shown that cats were capable of making rapid and accurate adjustments in the force they applied to a lever in accord with information provided by a compensatory display. In the present study, isometric responses were examined in greater detail to determine 1. if a general control policy (or model) governing responses of different magnitudes could be inferred from the relations among output parameters and 2. if the earliest output measures were scaled to the preceding sensory events. The force adjustments elicited by the sudden motion of the display showed a linera relation between the peak force and the peak of its first derivative, dF/dt. Similarly, the peak d2F/dt2 was a linear function of dF/dt. By contrast, the times required to achieve the peak force and the peak dF/dt were largely independent of their magnitudes. These adjustments were produced by a burst of EMG activity in agonist muscles which coincided with the rising phase of dF/dt. The observations suggest that such motor outputs are determined by a pulse-step control policy. The amplitude of the pulse would control the rate of rise of dF/dt (and therefore also the peak force since the rising phase of dF/dt was of constant duration), and the step would control the level of the terminal steady state force. Both the peak force and the preceding peak dF/dt were highly correlated with the amplitude of the perturbation. Changes in display gain, which altered the required relation between input and output magnitudes, resulted in a gradual readjustment of the output parameters. It was concluded that the motor outputs were scaled from their inception to requirements dictated by the initial sensory information. The selection by the cat of the appropriate scaling function was contingent upon its previous experience with the device. PMID- 700007 TI - The karyotypes of the Corsican and Sardinian mountain salamanders, Euproctus montanus and E. platycephalus (Urodela: Salamandridae). AB - The chromosomes of Euproctus montanus and E. platycephalus were studied by means of the C-banding method and the AS-SAT technique which are useful for identifying the single pairs of the complement and for recognizing nucleolar organizer regions. According to the morpho-structural characteristics shown by the specific karyotypes, it has been possible to draw some cytotaxonomic deductions concerning the karyological evolution within the insular group. PMID- 700008 TI - Cytochemical localization of surface carbohydrates on mycoplasma membranes. AB - Surface carbohydrate structures, containing alpha-D-glucosyl or sterically closely related residues, were visualized on mycoplasma membranes by cytochemical staining procedure with concanavalin A and iron-dextran complexes. PMID- 700009 TI - Two new polyploid Xenopus species from western Uganda. AB - 2 new species of the anuran genus Xenopus have been found in western Uganda: X. ruwenzoriensis sp.n. with the hexaploid chromosome number of 108 in the Semliki Valley, west of the Ruwenzori, and X. species nova with the tetraploid chromosome number of 72 in and near lake Bunyoni. PMID- 700010 TI - Reoxidation of reduced hen egg white lysozyme fragment 1-123. AB - The reactivation of reduced lysozyme, whose 6 COOH-terminal amino acid including cysteine 127 were cut off, was studied. The results show that the disulfide bridge I-VIII as well as the COOH-terminal hexapeptide do not play a decisive role in the acquisition of the native 3-dimensional structure of the enzyme. PMID- 700011 TI - Microbiological oxidation of the pentyl side chain of cannabinoids. AB - Syncephalastrum racemosum ATCC 18192 and Mycobacterium rhodochrous ATCC 19067 partially degrade the n-pentyl side chain of cannabidiol, cannabinol, delta8 tetrahydrocannabinol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Carboxylic acid and alcohol side chain derivatives are major metabolites. PMID- 700012 TI - Successful cryopreservation of auricle fragments from rat hearts at -196 degrees C. AB - The influence of electrolyte composition and glucose concentration of a cryoprotective medium on the survival of auricle fragments from adult rat hearts after storage at -196 degrees C was investigated. Using a K+-, Mg++-, Ca++-rich solution with increased glucose concentration, a high rate of surviving fragments was found after cryopreservation. PMID- 700013 TI - Increased blood pressure in the SHR is not related to a deficit in renomedullary PGE2. AB - Synthesis of prostaglandin E2 by renal medulla from SHR and WKY rats was compared during early postnatal development. Although arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in SHR as early as 6 weeks of age, no difference in renal medullary prostaglandin synthesis was observed. PMID- 700014 TI - Effect of exercise training on the chronotropic response of isolated rat atria to atropine. AB - Atria isolated from rats after 7 weeks of exercise training beat at a slower rate than did atria from sedentery controls. Atria from exercised rats showed a significant acceleration in response to atropine. PMID- 700015 TI - Seasonal changes in the levels and the turnover of brain serotonin and noradrenaline in the European hamster kept under constant environment. AB - Seasonal changes in the content and the turnover of noradrenaline and serotonin are shown in various parts of the brain of the European hamster kept under constant conditions of light and temperature. PMID- 700016 TI - Induction of electrical excitability in crustacean muscle by 4-cyclopentene-1,3 dione. AB - 4-Cyclopentene-1,3-dione induces electrical activity in inexcitable crustacean muscle. This effect is blocked by previous treatment with p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. These results suggest that crustacean muscle becomes excitable when certain -CH2-SH side chains are converted to thioethers having carbonyl groups. PMID- 700017 TI - Proteoglycans in ovine brain. AB - Sulphated proteoglycans were isolated using a dissociative method of extraction. Cerebrum accounted for the major portion of proteochondroitin sulphate in brain, whereas the brain stem fraction contained over half the proteoheparan sulphate. Chemical characterization studies demonstrated that heparan sulphate from cerebellum contain more N-sulphate glucosamine residues. PMID- 700018 TI - Radioautographic identification of serotonergic neurones in Aplysia. AB - Radioautography shows that 3H 5-HT specifically labels metacerebral and 2 other serotonergic cell bodies in Aplysia cerebroid ganglia as well as 5-HT terminals in close contact with giant neurone membrane in buccal ganglia. PMID- 700019 TI - Cerebellar decussation of fibres from the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the brain of the albino rat. AB - The existence of a cerebellar decussation of fibres from the medial portion of each nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (Rtp) of the albino rat is indicated. Definite cell loss in the medial aspect of the most rostral third of Rtp is detectable after cerebellar hemisection involving parts or the entire depth of sublobule VIb. Cell loss in the medial aspect of the caudal half of Rtp is evident as a consequence of experimental lesions which damage both sublobules IIb and III. PMID- 700020 TI - Selective activation of noradrenergic neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord of young spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activities were examined in the brainstem nuclei. Activation of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus, A2 and spinal intermediolateral cell areas, resulting in enhanced sympathetic nervous activity in the periphery, initiates hypertension. Adrenergic neurons, unchanged in these and A1 cell areas of young SHR, are not involved in the development of hypertension in SHR. PMID- 700021 TI - The effects on thermoregulation of intracerebroventricular injections of L aspartic acid in the sheep. AB - L-Aspartic acid was injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of the sheep at ambient temperatures between 0 degrees and 40 degrees C. Doses of 100 or 500 nmoles-kg-1 caused a rise in heat production and/or a decrease in heat loss; rectal temperature rose. Atropine sulphate attenuated or prevented these effects. PMID- 700022 TI - Interaction of chlorpromazine with organic solvents and fatty acids as studied by UV-spectrophotometry. AB - The magnitude of the UV-spectral change of chlorpromazine increases in the presence of increasing concentrations of alcohols or fatty acids and with increasing chain length. A maximum is reached with 14.0- or 16.0-fatty acids. The differential spectrum is still larger with unsaturated fatty acids, a maximum effect being obtained with one cis-double bond. The spectral change is abolished by chaotropic and enhanced by antichaotropic agents. PMID- 700023 TI - Anti-phalloidine and anti-alpha-amanitine action of silybin in comparison with compounds similar to structural parts of silybin. AB - Silybin significantly antagonises the lethal poisoning of mice with alpha amanitine or phalloidine. In the same test, taxifolin, coniferyl alcohol, fisetin and (+)-catechin were not effective. PMID- 700024 TI - Current(I)-voltage(V) relationships of the neuromembrane of an identifiable giant neurone of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac) in the presence of an inhibitory tripeptide, L-Lys-L-Phe-L-Tyr. AB - An inhibitory tripeptide, L-Lys-L-Phe-L-Tyr, caused membrane hyperpolarization of the TAN (tonically autoactive neurone) resulting in an elevated firing level. The tripeptide, however, did not markedly affect either the TAN I-V curve or the firing pattern obtained by transmembrane triangular current injection. PMID- 700025 TI - Protective role of brain ascorbic acid content against lipid peroxidation. AB - The high ascorbic acid concentration in the brain inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by various agents in rat brain microsomes. The physiological importance of the fact is discussed. PMID- 700026 TI - Monoamine oxidase activity in tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was assayed both in central and peripheral blood vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKR). The activity of MAO in the brain and peripheral vasculature was essentially the same in both SHR and WKR. It can therefore be concluded that central and peripheral vascular MAO activity is not altered in the genetically hypertensive animals. PMID- 700027 TI - The effect of urethane and pentobarbital anaesthesia and hepatic portal vein catheterization on liver blood flow in the rat. AB - The effect of urethane and pentobarbital anaesthesia and hepatic portal vein catheterization on liver blood flow was investigated in the rat. Liver blood flow with pentobarbital anaesthesia was 40% greater than with urethane. Hepatic portal vein catheterization had no effect under pentobarbital anaesthesia whereas it produced an 18% fall in liver blood flow with urethane. PMID- 700028 TI - Chemical and photooxidation of thiothixene (Navane): structure of the thiothixene fluorophor. AB - The spontaneous photooxidation of thiothixen (Navane) to 2-(N,N-dimethyl sulfonamido)-9-thioxanthone is described. The corresponding sulfoxide is demonstrated to be the fluorescent species obtained upon permanganate oxidation of thiothixene in the fluorometric assay procedure of Mjorndal and Oreland. PMID- 700029 TI - Inhibitory effect of tiaramide on ADP-induced aggregation in rabbit platelets. AB - Tiaramide in 10(-4) or 10(-5) M depressed the ADP-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets using the turbidimetric method. In modified Chandler's loop method, tiaramide in the same concentration accelerated the restoration of the time course of disaggregation. PMID- 700030 TI - Carcinogenic activation of benzo(a)pyrene by iodine and ferric chloride in the respiratory tract of Syrian golden hamsters. AB - Benzo(a)pyrene (0.5 mg), in itself weakly carcinogenic, when given in combination with ferric chloride (0.16 mg) or iodine (0.2 mg), alone noncarcinogen, induced a number of tumors of different parts of the respiratory tract of Syrian golden hamsters. PMID- 700031 TI - Nerves and taste-buds degeneration in the cat-fish Ictalurus melas. AB - After nerve transection, external taste-buds remain apparently normal for more than 3 weeks, become round, then disappear. Cryonecrosis of the cranial ganglia V and VII induces a loss of polarity of the buds, which, though keeping up their form for 50 and even 150 days, are progressively deprived of sensory cells. This shows a dissociation of the actions of nerve factors. PMID- 700033 TI - Changes in cellular noradrenaline fluorescence in the denervated rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - The microfluorimetrical investigation showed that in the principal perikarya of the rat superior cervical ganglion, after inhibition of noradrenaline-synthesis and unilateral preganglionic axotomy, the fluorescence of newly synthesized noradrenaline was most intense at the periphery of the perikarya of the intact side. PMID- 700032 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the cytological changes in the adenohypophysis of the male quail submitted to long daily photoperiods (author's transl)]. AB - The collective data obtained at the ultrastructural level in anterior pituitaries of male Chinese quails submitted to long daily photoperiods, confirm the cytological changes observed earlier in, at least, 2 types of cells of the gland. This cellular types may be the source of avian LH and FSH. PMID- 700034 TI - Giant pigment granules in dermal melanocytes of rat scrotal skin. AB - Giant melanosomes, ellipsoidal (1.5 micron X 1.3 micron) or spherical (1.1 micron 1.4 micron in diameter) exist in the scrotal skin of the black pelted Long Evans rat. They are longer and wider than normal stage IV melanosomes (0.7 micron X 0.4 micron) found in these dermal melanocytes. PMID- 700035 TI - Glycogen and phosphorylase in Klinefelter's syndrome: a histochemical study. PMID- 700036 TI - Lack of synaptic reorganization in inner plexiform layer (IPL) of retina following ganglion cell degeneration. AB - Ganglion cell degeneration in the rat retina following optic nerve lesion does not induce the formation of new synapses even after 1 year of postoperative recovery. PMID- 700037 TI - Lamprey biliary atresia: first model system for the human condition? AB - Degeneration of the bile ducts and gallbladder occurs during metamorphosis of the lamprey. Morphological aspects of this process suggest a similarity to human biliary atresia. PMID- 700038 TI - Ocular involvement in hamsters transplanted with a human leukemic T-cell line. AB - A leukemic T-cell line (TALL-1) was serially transplanted for 5 passages into newborn hamsters treated with antilymphocyte serum. This cell line was derived from a leukemic patient with clinical evidence of ocular involvement. I.p. implantation of 1--3 X 10(7) cells resulted in disseminated growth of tumors in all 15 recipients after 23--41 days and 8 of them showed leukemic infiltration of the uveal tract of one or both eyes. PMID- 700039 TI - Studies of autoimmune induction in the rat lacrimal gland. AB - Induction of autoimmunity in the rat lacrimal gland was presently assessed. Antibodies to lacrimal gland extract were detectable in 58% of the immunized rats. Skin tests were positive at 4 week postimmunization in 70% of the animals. Histological observations revealed the presence of mononuclear cell infiltrates surrounding the ductal and acinar epithelium at 2--6 weeks. PMID- 700040 TI - Plasma triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrotrophin levels in germfree rats. AB - Plasma T3, T4 and TSH levels in developing germfree rats were high, low and normal as compared with those in conventional counterparts. The high T3/T4 ratio in germfree rat plasma was lowered by cholestyramine feeding. PMID- 700041 TI - [Effects of reserpine on development of Oedipoda coerulescens L. (Acrididae, Orthoptera) (author's transl)]. AB - Inhibitory effects of reserpine on ecdysis and chromatic adaptation in Oedipoda appear to be linked with changes observed in both neural and neuro-endocrine regulating systems. PMID- 700042 TI - Effect of acute administration of triiodothyronine in chicken. Liver glycogen depletion and amino acid incorporation to proteins. AB - Single injections of thyroid hormone (T3) produce liver glycogen depletion in chickens. This effect cannot be suppressed by protein synthesis inhibitors and is previous to the hormone-induced increase in protein synthesis. PMID- 700043 TI - An anatomical study of the microcirculation in the rabbit femur. AB - A technique is described which will allow a study of the microcirculation to a long bone such as the femur. It involves use of a silicone rubber compound (Microfil) in combination with the Spalteholz clearing technique. Preliminary results in the normal rabbit skeleton suggest that this technique can be used to study the changes in vascularity which occur under various pathological conditions. PMID- 700044 TI - The determination of extracellular space using hemoglobin. AB - The ECS of guinea-pig atria and frog sartorii can be determined using hemoglobin. For guinea-pig atria an ECS of (32.2 +/- 2.6)% wet wt for frog sartorii an ECS of (12.4 +/- 1.0)% wet wt can be measured. PMID- 700045 TI - Pentagastrin induction of acetylcholinesterase activity in cerebral cortex of rats. AB - A single injection of pentagastrin (500 microgram kg-1) produced an immediate (within 15 min) and pronounced increment (about 50%) in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the cerebral but not in the cerebellar region of the brain. Pretreatment of rats with either actinomycin-D or cycloheximide did not fully abolish the pentagastrin-mediated stimulation of cerebral AChE activity. PMID- 700046 TI - Cross-linked arabinogalactan: a new affinity matrix for the purification of Ricinus communis lectins. AB - Arabinogalactan has been cross-linked to give a new high capacity affinity matrix for the purification of Ricinus communis lectins. It shows a capacity which is 50 times greater than that of the conventional affinity matrices. PMID- 700047 TI - Cysteine oxidase and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase in developing rat liver. AB - The patterns of development of cysteine oxidase (CO) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) in rat liver are not similar. It was observed that CO is not under sex control as CSD is. The results obtained agree with the idea that, in liver, as well as in brain, CSD is the limiting factor for the regulation of taurine biosynthesis. PMID- 700048 TI - Acid and alkaline phosphatase heterogeneity in liver, heart and intestine of the adult chick. AB - The molecular heterogeneity of acid and alkaline phosphatase from chick liver, intestine and heart is demonstrated by polyacrilamide disc gel electrophoresis. Liver and heart show the same number of molecular forms of acid and alkaline phosphatases. In contrast, the intestine homogenate shows electrophoretic bands different in number and in gel position from those of the liver and of the heart. PMID- 700049 TI - Glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes and plasma of rats during pregnancy and lactation. AB - The glutathione peroxidase activity in the plasma of rats on the 20th day of pregnancy was found to be 50% lower than in nulliparous control animals. During lactation, the level rose again but was still significantly different from that of the control rats on the 20th day post partum. The erythrocyte enzyme activity remained unchanged. PMID- 700050 TI - Glutamate decarboxylase activity in preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei of the rat. AB - Freeze-dried samples were used for the determination of glutamate decarboxylase activity in discrete preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei. The activity showed marked regional variation in distribution. PMID- 700051 TI - Activity of phospholipases A and some lysosomal enzymes in rat testes at different stages of hypervitaminosis A. AB - Excess of vitamin A induces decrease of neutral phospholipase A1 and A2 activity in rat testes homogenates on the 4th day, and increase of beta-galactosidase activity on the 8th day of treatment. It is suggested that phospholipase A activity decrease is of great importance in development of testicular disorders, caused by disbalance of vitamin A. PMID- 700052 TI - [Inhibition of adjuvant arthritis by oxonate: influence of uricemia (author's transl)]. AB - Adjuvant arthritis in rat is inhibited by an oxonate diet, which increases uricemia. The inhibition is proportional to blood uric acid level and not to oxonate concentration in the diet. Oxonate alone does not exert an inhibitory effect. PMID- 700053 TI - Remarks on the karyotype of the Polypteriformes. The chromosomes of Polypterus delhezi, P. endlicheri congicus and P. palmas. AB - The chromosomes of 3 species of bikirs (Polypterus delhezi, P. endlicheri congicus and P. palmas) were studied in somatic metaphases. The diploid number was found to be 2 n = 36 in all the species and a basic morphological identity of the karyotype emerges from karyogram comparison not only in the 3 species described herein, but also in the other Polypteriformes already studied. PMID- 700054 TI - Contraceptive use in the United States, 1973--1976. AB - The pill and sterilization were the main methods used by U.S. married couples in 1976 to prevent pregnancy. In 1973 the poor were more likely than the more affluent, and blacks as likely as whites, to use the most effective methods. By 1976 this was no longer true, because more blacks turned to traditional and folk methods and the sterilization increase was largely limited to more affluent whites. PMID- 700055 TI - Abortion in the United States, 1976--1977. AB - In 1976, about 1.2 million, and in 1977 some 1.3 million, abortions were performed in the U.S. More than half a million women were without the abortion services that they wanted. Poor, rural, young and black women were disporportionately represented among those not yet served. PMID- 700056 TI - Does your mother know...? AB - Many teenagers inform their parents when they come to a family planning clinic. Most of those who do not, however, would stop coming to the clinic if their parents were told of their attendance, and a substantial proportion would have sex without using any birth control method. PMID- 700057 TI - Repeat abortions--why more? PMID- 700058 TI - N.Y. State report: prevention key to reducing teenage pregnancy; Governor asks $1 million. PMID- 700059 TI - Need new contraceptive method in next decade to make a major impact on population growth. PMID- 700060 TI - Abortions in clinics as safe as in hospitals. PMID- 700061 TI - Many teenagers and their parents talk together about contraception and decisions on abortion. PMID- 700062 TI - Pill linked to slight blood pressure rise; minor side effects greater among underweight women. PMID- 700063 TI - Middle-class Americans frown on premarital sex but think teens should be offered contraception. PMID- 700064 TI - U.S. women marrying later, having babies later, spacing them further apart than in earlier years. PMID- 700065 TI - How many children do couples really want? AB - Program workers and policy makers may be seriously misled if they put too great a reliance on statements about preferred family size. Underlying biases toward more or fewer children than the stated number affect the timing and effectiveness of contraceptive practice, and may help explain discrepancies between desired and achieved family size. PMID- 700066 TI - Family therapy and drug abuse: a national survey. AB - The following report describes the results of a national study of the role of family therapy in the drug abuse field. Characteristics of agencies that work with families are described, as well as the demographic characteristics and psychological problems of the clients most apt to be treated in family therapy. The study also looks at the role and structure of family therapy in the ecological system of the treatment institutions. A profile of the family therapists who are responsible for providing services to families is presented. An attempt was made to assess agencies' level of development with regard to family therapy by using an instrument, The Progress Index for Family Therapy Programs. Generally, findings indicated that there is considerable variation in expertise. More extensive training in family therapy techniques was of major concern, particularly among clinics with a heroin addict population. PMID- 700067 TI - Deterioration in marital and family therapy: empirical, clinical, and conceptual issues. AB - Recent empirical evidence of deterioration during both nonbehavioral and behavioral marital and family therapy is presented. While the frequency of patient worsening in marital-family therapy does not appear to exceed that previously found for individual psychotherapy, the acceptability of the evidence for negative effects in the treatment of systems may be greater than that which exists for individual treatment. After examining the empirical evidence of negative effects in family therapy and some of the factors that influence their occurrence, the authors discuss some conceptual issues relevant to a definition of worsening in marital and family therapy and present some methodological guidelines for the assessment of deterioration in therapy with family systems. It is concluded that the study of deterioration processes in family therapy may aid the understanding of family change processes more generally. PMID- 700068 TI - The Slovak-American "swaddling ethos": homeostat for family dynamics and cultural continuity. AB - This paper explores the systemic relationships among cultural ethos, family dynamics, personality configuration, and child-rearing patterns among multigeneration Slovak-Americans. The "swaddling ethos" is posited to serve as a homeostat whose regulatory function can be discerned through the analysis of family structure and process, in particular through the explication of values, affective patterns, roles, boundaries, and structural units within the family. The core of the ethos is a dependency-security complex that attaches the individual to an extended family network of obligation, indebtedness, and reciprocity (ethnic, Slovak); induces rebellion against such attachment (mainstream American); and undermines efforts toward separation-individuation, resulting in the perpetuation of an ethnic tradition. PMID- 700069 TI - The family life cycle: developmental crises and their structural impact on families in a community mental health center. AB - A typology for troubled families was developed based on the configuration of family members and the position of the identified patient within the family structure. This typology was investigated by surveying the demographic and clinical characteristics of 110 families of patients treated in a day hospital. Four types or "constellations" were found in the sample population. The families in the four Constellations differed significantly from one another in the gender, age, and diagnoses of the identified patient and the income level of the families. The Constellations thus appeared to constitute distinct clinical entities in the population studied. The reasons for the differences among Constellations are discussed in terms of the stress families experience during developmental crises involving structural change. PMID- 700070 TI - Susan smiled: on explanation in family therapy. AB - The contemporary psychotherapist is exposed to a variety of conceptual models and paradigms. These are usually presented as opposing truths in different doctrinal schools, but actually they are all valid from one point of view or another. And accordingly, they are all tactically useful at some point or another. I thought it was important to say this, but I did not want to write a dry, academic paper on the subject. So I will tell a clinical story that weaves the threads into a fabric. PMID- 700071 TI - Some notes on the use of family sculpture in therapy. AB - Therapists learning to use family sculpture as a tool often find difficulty in exploiting the technique to its fullest. This article, designed to encourage therapists to take the risks involved in using a technique new to them, describes how the author and his cotherapists used sculpture in three cases in different ways. In each case, the author explains how the therapists made the choices involved in directing the therapeutic process. He suggests that even when a sculpture itself seems to have failed to produce useful information, it can elicit from clients signals that will indicate opportunities for effective use of other techniques and that a sculpture, once used, can be restaged to reinforce client behavior change. PMID- 700072 TI - A multi-method investigation of two family constructs. AB - Two family constructs--prominence and interpersonal distance--are examined. Their origins are traced in the experimental and theoretical literature. The validity of each construct is investigated using data obtained from 15 families with a symptom-bearing child. Validity is supported in both cases through the occurrence of significant correlations among different measures of the same construct. It is suggested that the current distress of the families being studied may have increased the clarity of the prominence hierarchies and dyadic distances that emerged. PMID- 700073 TI - [Effect of ether and fluorothane on higher nervous activity]. AB - Tests conducted with dogs by using Pavlov's method of conditioned reflexes (salivation procedure) showed fluothane to act on the central nervous system 3 times as strong as does ether. This is confirmed by a longer time necessary for the higher nervous system to normalize. Thus, awakening of the animals after the ether anesthesia, the re-establishment of the conditioned reflex activity supervened by the 7th day on the average, whereas, after the fluothane anesthesia, this occurred only on the 24th day. PMID- 700074 TI - [Action of morphine and amidopyrine against a background of mineralocorticoid hormone and its antagonist]. AB - The effect of morphine and amidopyrine, used against the background of a mineralocorticoid hormone or its antagonist excess (multiple administration of desoxycorticosteron acetate or verospiron), is mitigated. The pain-allaying effect of analgesics and their influence on the behavioral reactions are less marked in both models than it is in intact animals and their toxocity is down. PMID- 700075 TI - [Action of fentanyl, droperidol and diazepam on the contractile function of the isolated human myometrium]. AB - The action of the analgesic phenthanyl, neuroleptic-droperidol and tranquilizer- diazepam on the contractile function of an isolated human myometrium was investigated. Phenthanyl (5.10(-8)--5.10(-7) g/ml) produced a stimulating influence on the contractility of an isolated human myometruim. When in relatively low concentrations (5.10(-7)--2.10(-6) g/ml) droperidol caused a stimulating effect and in higher concentrations (8.10(-6)--2.10(-5) g/ml) it exerted a biphasic action on the contractile function of an isolated myometrium, viz. first stimulation and then--inhibition. Diazepam (1.10(-12))--5.10(-8) g/ml suppressed the spontaneous periodic activity of an isolated human myometrium. PMID- 700076 TI - [Effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline, histamine and acetylcholine on the blood flow in the vascular bed of the bone marrow]. AB - Medullary circulation in the tibia and effect produced on it by microinjections of epinephrine (1.4.10(-5) and 2.7.10(-5) M), norepinephrine (0.2.10(-4) M), histamine (0.9.10(-4) and 1.8.10(-4) M) and acetylcholine (2.2.10(-4) were studies in acute tests on Wistar rats by using the 133Xe clearance method. The study agents significantly changed the circulation rate in the medullary vascular bed. Phasic changes of hemodynamics in the bone marrow occurring under the effect of the mentioned vasoactive substances point to the presence of alpha- and beta adrenoreceptors and H1- and H2-receptors in the medullary vascular bed. PMID- 700077 TI - [Pharmacology of calenduloside B, a new triterpene glycoside from the roots of Calendula officinalis]. AB - Calendulozide B--trioside of oleanolic acid, isolated from rhizomes of Calendula officinalis, Fam. Compositae, used perorally in doses of 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg exerted an antiulcerous action in 3 experimental ulcer models of different genesis (caffein-arsenic, butadion and induced by ligation of pylorus) and also displayed a certain antiphlogistic and sedative action. It did not have any effect on the cardiovascular system, the tone of intestinal smooth muscles, diuretic renal function and electrolytes excretion with urine or on the biligenic function of the liver. The drug is devoid of locally irritation properties, manifests a relatively low hemolytic activity (15000 after Kofler) and an insignificant toxicity both with its one-time and chronic administration. PMID- 700079 TI - [K-strophanthin-beta complexing with calcium, magnesium and dysprosium ions]. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance, microcalorimetry and the use of the ion-selecting electrode evidenced that k-strophanthine-beta forms complexes with the calcium, magnesium and disprosium ions. Changes in the position of the k-strophanthine beta carbohydrate parts and aglycones signals bear witness to their participation in the complexing. PMID- 700078 TI - [Evaluation of the arrhythmogenic activity of adrenergic and cholinergic agents in calcium chloride arrhythmia]. AB - Under conditions prevailing in an experimental chlorocalcium arrhythmia in rats an anti-arrhythmic action of the sympatholytic-rausedyl, the gamma-adrenolytic dihydroergo toxin, the beta-adrenolytic--obsidan, the M-cholinolytics--atropine and benactyzine was ascertained. The N-cholinolytics tropacin and hexamethonium had no effect on the parameters and the outcome of the chlorocalcium arrhythmia, whereas the M-cholinomimetic-- carbacholine potentiated the arrhythmogenic action of calcium chloride. The mechanism of the chlorocalcium arrhythmia development the authors attribute to an intensified discharge of epinephrine from the functional depot of the sympathetic nerve endings and to sensitization of the alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors of the myocardium to the mediator. In the genesis of arrhythmia the participation of M-cholinoreceptors of the myocardium is presumed. PMID- 700080 TI - [Effect of neocompensan (haemodesum) on the course of experimental myocardial infarct with arrhythmias in rabbits]. AB - In rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction (EMI) complicated by arrhthmias the antiarrhythmic action of neocompensan (haemodesum) was ascertained for the first time. In the acute period of EMI no electrolytes shifts in the blood serum of the animals were disclosed and this justified the antiarrhythmis effect of neocompensan, occurring during the first 24 hours of the experiment, to be attributed to the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidine. Besides, the drug produced in rabbits with EMI deceleration of the total blood coagulation. Following administration of neocompensan (haemodesum) no arrhythmias were recorded. Thus, neocompensan (haemodesum) displays antiarrhytmic action, has a beneficial effect on the blood coagulation system and as a result reduces the lethality among rabbits with EMI, complicated by arrhythmias. PMID- 700081 TI - [Effect of amidine and guanidine derivatives on thrombocyte aggregation]. AB - The capacity of 25 different amidines, guanidines and biguanidines to suppress the thrombocytes aggregation, induced by adenosinodiphosphate, was studied. Good prospects of a search for antiaggregation agents in this series of compounds are shown. N-benzyl-N1-propionylguanidine was found to reduce by more than 4 times the induced adhesiveness of the blood platelets. PMID- 700082 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of nonachlazine on the functional activity of the thrombocytes]. PMID- 700083 TI - [Change in the gastrointestinal tract and liver functions of animals due to dithiocarbamic acid derivatives]. AB - The TMTD does not change the secretory activity of the dogs' stomach with its one time administration by mouth in doses of 0.5--10 mg/kg. With its multiple introduction (10 mg per kg once a day for a space of consecutive 30 days) the secretion of juice increases, while the pepsin content in the juice of dags diminishes. The DEDCS, EEDMDCA, TMTD and EBDCC (singly into the stomach in a dose of 1l5LD50 per kg) bring down the glycogen-forming and secretory function of the liver in rats and inhibit the propulsive activity of the intestines in mice, stimulated with 5-oxytryptophan. The mechanism of the intestinal motor activity inhibition is caused by the inhibition of oxytryptophandecarboxylase (CP 4.1.1.28) in the intestines of the animals with the DTCA derivatives. PMID- 700084 TI - [Biochemical mechanisms of the action of cimetidine on the development of experimental stomach ulcers in rats]. AB - In tests on rats with the use of the atom-absorption spectrophotometry a direct relation between the number of ulcerative lesion in the stomach, caused by immobilization, and the Ca2+ and Na+ content in the tissues of this organ was noted. The Ca2+ level declined propotrionally to the duration of the stress, viz. after a 1-hour long action-down to 76 per cent (9.9 micron/g) m after 4 hours down to 65 per cent (7.7 micron/g) and with the calcium level in controls--11.8 micron/g. The Na+ content then increased, viz. after a 4-hour long immobilization is comprised 116 per cent (0.169 mM/g). The drug cimetidine prevented the development of lesions in the stomach and averted shifts in the content of ions in the tissues. The authors conclude that the fall of the Ca2+ ions in the tissues bears proof to a disturbed energy exchange in the cells and in this way contributes to the development of ulcerative lesions. PMID- 700085 TI - [Resistance to hypoglycemic sulfanilamides and biguanidines and its immune genesis]. AB - In blood of patients with diabetes mellitus receiving bucarban or adebit antibodies to these drugs were discovered. Patients medicated with bucarban demonstrated an elevated content of antibodies to insulin. The appearance of specific antibodies occurred in rabbits and rats following introduction of bucarban, glucophage or adebit per se or when mixed with adjuvants. An increased production of antibodies to endogenous insulin was observed in all animals reveiving bucarban. Introduction to rats of inactivated (at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes) serum of patients with diabetes mellitus that contained antibodies to bucarban or adebit as well as immune rabbit sera greatly mitigated the hypoglycemic effect of the latter. Introduction to rats of the blood serum taken in patients reveiving bucarban allso attenuated the effect of exogenous insulin. These findings suggest that, possessing neutralizing properties, these antibodies to bucarban, adebit and glucophage cause habituation to these substances. Accumulation in the blood of autoantibodies to insulin following introduction of bacarban reduces the sensitivity to the exogenous hormone and manifests the existence of an immune mechanism securing the preservation of chemical homeostasis in the organism. PMID- 700086 TI - ["System of recognition" (or "system of preference") for corticosteroids in the hepatocyte plasmatic membrane]. AB - By using fluorescent probes it was shown that hydrocortisone, cortisone and estron decrease the constant of the probe binding with dimethylaminochalcone in the lipid membranes proportional to the distribution coefficient of steroids in the system lipids-water. It is only hydrocortisone and, to a lesser extent, cortisone which produce such an effect in the plasmatic membranes of the hepasytes. The presence of a "preference system" for corticosteroids is presumed in the membranes. PMID- 700087 TI - [Effect of an estrogen-progestin contraceptive preparation on the enzymatic acitivity of the pentosephosphate carbohydrate metabolic pathway and nucleic acid metabolic indices]. AB - The effect of a long-term (14 days) combined introduction of mestranol and noiethinodrel in contraceptive doses on the activity of pentosophosphate routes enzymes of the carbohydrates metabolism, that of acid and basic ribonucleases and on the level of summary nucleinic acids in the uterus and liver in sexually mature female-rats was studied. It was found that the concentration of summary nucleinic acids in the tissues increases under the effect of the drug, the oxidative reactions enzymes become more active, while the activity of non oxidative reactions enzymes of the pentosophosphate route and of acid and basic endoribonucleases in inhibited. PMID- 700088 TI - [Effect of the antifolic preparation, tomizin, that possesses antitumor activity, on thyroid gland function]. AB - Experimental investigations and clinical observations on the use of alkylating antineoplastic agents demonstrated these to influence the thyroid function. It is worthwhile to assess the effect of the antimetabolite tomizine, displaying antineoplastic properties, on the function of this organ. Tests conducted on rats with sarcoma M-1 disclosed the maximally tolerated doses of tomizine to produce a marked inhibition of the thyroid function. The latter is attended by a reduced accumulation of introduced 131I in the iron. Structural changes in the thyroid occurring under the effect of tomizine are characterized by the lowering of the thyroid epithelium height, increased dimensions of the follicles and a diminished volume of the insular tissue. This also points to depression of the thyroid function. Disturbances in this organ taking place under the effect of a single introduction of tomizine may be reversible. Multiple administration of the drug produces persistent functional disorders in the organ. PMID- 700089 TI - [Effect of quinolaline di-N-oxide derivatives on the DNAse and plasmocoagulase of Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - The effect of the di-N-oxide quinoxaline on the activity and biosynthesis of DNA ase and plasmocoagulating properties of the Staphylococcus aureus, strain Zhaev, was studied. The highest action in respect to DNA-ase of the Staphylococcus is shown to display dioxydine (1,4-di-N-oxide of 2,3-dioxymethylquinoxaline). Under its effect there takes place a significant fall of the DNA-ase activity and the plasmocoagulating properties of the staphylococcus. In cultures treated with dioxydine or its biologically active analogues the ability to biosynthetize DNA ase with subsequent cultivationon on a medium containing no compounds is not restored. A possible mechanism of action produced by the study drugs is suggested. PMID- 700090 TI - [Effect of wolfram, molybdenum, copper and arsenic on intrauterine fetal development]. AB - Experients showed tungsten, molibdenum, copper and arsenic employed in doses producing no general toxic effect on the organism with their prolonged introduction to act adversely on the embryogenesis. Tungsten copper and arsenic were found to increase the embryonal lethality and tungsten and molebdenum to inhibit the processes of bones ossification in fetuses. The authors presume that the embryotoxic effect of the study elements is due to their direct action on the developing organism. Tungsten molibdenum and copper amass in the organism of test fetuses without being arrested in the placenta. A possible embryotoxic effect should be taken account of in chosing biogenic doses of trace elements. PMID- 700091 TI - [des-Ala1, Gly2]-His4,5D-Trp8-somatostatin: a glucagon-specific and long-acting somatostatin analog. PMID- 700092 TI - Nerve growth factor induced phosphatidylinositol turnover effect of 6 hydroxydopamine treatment. PMID- 700093 TI - Phospholipid-dependent acid phospholipase A1 found in cytosol of mammalian cells. PMID- 700094 TI - Autoregulation of phospholipid N-methylation by the membrane phosphatidylethanolamine content. PMID- 700095 TI - Salt stabilization of a 5 S RNA-protein complex from an extreme halophile, Halobacterium cutirubrum. PMID- 700096 TI - A stable decrease in long chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase activity after treatment of rat adipocytes with adrenaline. PMID- 700097 TI - Elongation factor 1 from the silk gland of silkworm. Reconstruction of EF-1M from its subunits, EF-1a and EF-1bc. PMID- 700098 TI - The structure of the complex of ribonuclease S with fluoride analogue of UpA at 2.5 A resolution. PMID- 700099 TI - Spectrin in primitive erythrocytes. PMID- 700100 TI - Differential stability of alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs after infection with herpes simplex virus. PMID- 700101 TI - Characterization of macrophage proteases involved in the ingestion of antigen antibody complexes by the use of protease inhibitors. PMID- 700102 TI - Precursor-product relationships in the biosynthesis and secretion of thyrotropin and its subunits by mouse thyrotropic tumor cells. PMID- 700103 TI - Differential effects of metal-binding agents on the uptake of iron from transferrin by isolated rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 700104 TI - High enzymatic activity of specifically iodinated bovine phospholipase A2. PMID- 700105 TI - Permanent mixed-field polyagglutinable erythrocytes lack galactosyltransferase activity. PMID- 700106 TI - The effect of hemin on globin synthesis and iron uptake by reticulocytes of the Belgrade rat. PMID- 700107 TI - Thermal activation of steroid binding principle in commercial bovine serum albumin. PMID- 700108 TI - Tubulin antibody inhibits in vitro polymerization independently of microtubule associated proteins. PMID- 700109 TI - Nanosecond fluorescence depolarization studies on actin labeled with 1,5-IAEDANS and dansyl chloride. Evidence for label flexibility. PMID- 700110 TI - Kinetic evidence for two types of active site in the N-acetyl-beta-D hexosaminidase of bovine kidney. PMID- 700111 TI - The Chou-Fasman secondary structure prediction method with an extended data base. PMID- 700112 TI - DNA polymerase of phage T4 antimutator mutant CB121. A defective zinc metalloenzyme? PMID- 700113 TI - Homologous cholinergic fluorescent probes. Synthesis and fluorescence properties. PMID- 700114 TI - Synthesis and properties of a fluorine-containing sulfhydryl reagent for 19F NMR studies. PMID- 700115 TI - Effects of K+ diffusion potentials on duroquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity catalyzed by complex III incorporated into liposomes. PMID- 700116 TI - Does myo-inositol specifically interact with brain microtubules? PMID- 700117 TI - Regulation of acetylcholinesterase in cultured chick embryo spinal cord neurons. PMID- 700118 TI - Interaction between vesicles containing gangliosides and limulin (Limulus polyphemus lectin). Fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. PMID- 700119 TI - Proteolysis and the evolutionary origin of polypeptide hormones. PMID- 700120 TI - Cytochrome c--cytochrome aa3 complex formation at low ionic strength studied by aqueous two-phase partition. PMID- 700121 TI - Inhibition of beef plasma amine oxidase activity by glycine. PMID- 700122 TI - Inhibition of linoleic acid degradation by hypoglycin A. PMID- 700123 TI - Platelet tropomyosin: lack of binding to skeletal muscle troponin and correlation with sequence. PMID- 700124 TI - Are polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated giant HnRNA molecules transcribed from different sites in the genome? PMID- 700125 TI - The role of ribosomal RNA in protein synthesis. Inhibition of translation by reticulocyte 5 S ribosomal RNA. PMID- 700126 TI - Reticulocyte 5 S ribosomal RNA inhibition of cell-free protein synthesis. Novel responses in ribosomal behaviour. PMID- 700127 TI - Evidence from chemical modification for an unusual tertiary structure of the TpseudouridineC loop in rabbit liver tRNA1Val. PMID- 700128 TI - Polyamine distribution in eukaryotes: occurrence of sym-norm-spermidine and sym nor-spermine in arthropods. PMID- 700129 TI - Intrinsic forms of acetylcholinesterase in skeletal muscle. PMID- 700130 TI - A model for the molecular basis of circadian rhythm involving monovalent ion mediated translational control. PMID- 700131 TI - Spectroscopic resolution of drug binding sites in biological membranes. PMID- 700132 TI - Chemically-selective nucleotide-amino acid interactions in aqueous solution. A PMR study. PMID- 700133 TI - The effect of dimethylsulfoxide on ribosomal fractions from rat liver. PMID- 700134 TI - Mammalian fatty acid synthetase: evidence for subunit identity and specific removal of the thioesterase component using elastase digestion. PMID- 700135 TI - Complete exchange of phospholipids between microsomes and plasma lipoproteins mediated by liver phospholipid-exchange proteins. PMID- 700137 TI - Antigenic structure of AMP-deaminase: isozyme specificity of antibodies directed against purified erythrocyte enzyme. PMID- 700136 TI - Differential mode of inhibition of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase by 3' dATP, ATP, betaaraATP and alphaaraATP. PMID- 700139 TI - The accessible cysteine residue of human transcortin. Evidence for oxidation of the sulphydryl group. PMID- 700138 TI - Characterization of anti-clathrin serum. PMID- 700140 TI - The hemoglobin P-Galveston-Hb-C conduction in members of a black family from South Carolina. PMID- 700141 TI - Studies on the altered membrane characteristics of sickle cells. PMID- 700142 TI - Mapping of the EcoRI B fragment-specific early mRNA species of adenovirus type 2. PMID- 700143 TI - Rearrangement of a platinum (II) complex in DNA from intercalation outer-sphere position to non-intercalation coordination. PMID- 700144 TI - The absolute configuration of the natural 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol. PMID- 700145 TI - Mean viscosities in microscopic systems and membrane bilayers: a semi-empirical general basis applicable to different kinds of extrinsic probes. PMID- 700146 TI - Averaging of phi2 and phi3 in [5-leucyl]-enkephalin: NMR study of two isotopic isomers. PMID- 700147 TI - Partial separation of a sodium-dependent transport system for amino acids in avian erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 700148 TI - Solubilization and reconstitution of the L-glutamic acid transporter from rat brain. PMID- 700149 TI - Tyrosinate fluorescence maxima at 345 nm in proteins lacking tryptophan at pH 7. PMID- 700150 TI - The action of trypsin on purified link proteins from bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan complex. PMID- 700151 TI - Superoxide dismutase as an inhibitor of reactions of semiquinone radicals. PMID- 700152 TI - Interactions of water-soluble fusogens with phospholipids in monolayers. PMID- 700153 TI - Water and calcium ions in cell fusion induced by poly(ethylene glycol). PMID- 700154 TI - 113Cd nuclear magnetic resonance of metallothionein: non-equivalent CdS4 sites. PMID- 700155 TI - Titration curves of liganded hemoglobins by combined isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. PMID- 700156 TI - Inhibition of hen oviduct estradiol receptor by aurintricarboxylic acid. PMID- 700157 TI - Restriction or amplification of wobble recognition: the structure of 2-thio-5 methylaminomethyluridine and the interaction of odd uridines with the anticodon loop backbone. PMID- 700158 TI - Suberimidate crosslinking shows that a rod-shaped, low cystine, high helix protein prepared by limited proteolysis of reduced wool has four protein chains. PMID- 700159 TI - A rapid procedure for the isolation of endonucleases from two thermophilic bacteria. PMID- 700160 TI - Lectins in lymphocyte membranes. PMID- 700161 TI - Mass spectrometric sequence study of the oligosaccharide of human transferrin. PMID- 700163 TI - Federation report: President's report. PMID- 700162 TI - The effect of phosphoenolpyruvate on the retention of calcium by liver mitochondria. PMID- 700164 TI - Antibiotics stimulate growth of germfree birds. PMID- 700165 TI - Calcium homeostasis: regulatory elements and their integration. PMID- 700166 TI - Parathyroid hormone biosynthesis: structure and function of biosynthetic precursors. AB - Investigations over the past several years have uncovered new information concerning the processes involved in the cellular formation of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Studies of parathyroid hormone biosynthesis in vitro using intact cell preparations as well as cell-free systems have led to: identification and characterization of a biosynthetic pathway for the formation of PTH involving successive proteolytic cleavages of the hormone from a larger polypeptide precursor; identification of the subcellular locations where the proteolytic processing of the precursors takes place; isolation of the messenger RNA for the hormone; and, finally, synthesis of functionally active gene copy of the parathyroid mRNA. It is now generally recognized that biosynthetic precursors and their post-translational modifications by proteolytic cleavages are characteristic of the biosynthetic processes involved in the formation of most if not all secretory proteins, not only parathyroid hormone and other polypeptide and protein hormones, but such diverse proteins as immunoglobulins, enzymes, and albumin. Furthermore, it is now evident that these biosynthetic precursors belong to two distinct classes, preproteins and proproteins, based on several criterions, including i) the time that elapses between synthesis of the precursor and the proteolytic conversion to the product, ii) the subcellular site at which the cleavages occur, iii) the specificity of the enzymic cleavage, and iv) the characteristics of the primary structures of the precursors. PMID- 700167 TI - Food hazards of natural origin. PMID- 700168 TI - Assessment of food safety. PMID- 700169 TI - Relationship between vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and vitamin K epoxidation. AB - It has been postulated that the liver microsomal conversion of vitamin K hydroquinone to its 2,3-epoxide (epoxidase activity) is coupled in some obligatory fashion to the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation (carboxylase activity) event also occurring in microsomes. This hypothesis is supported by the observations that the requirements for the two reactions are similar and that conditions that promote increased carboxylation increase the epoxidase activity. It has now been shown that both of these reactions are localized in the rough microsomal fraction of a cellular homogenate, and that both activities appear to be located on the luminal rather than the outer surface of microsomal membrane vesicles. The epoxidase activity has been found to be enriched as the microsomal carboxylase activity is fractionated, and a microsomal inhibitor of the carboxylase activity had been shown to also inhibit the epoxidase activity. The enzyme glutathione peroxidase inhibits both of these activities, suggesting that a hydroperoxide of the vitamin might be an intermediate for both reactions. The organic hydroperoxide t-butyl-OOH has also been shown to have weak vitamin K-like activity in an in vitro system. These data strengthen the hypothesis that these two reactions are related, perhaps through a common intermediate, but do not provide a definite molecular role for this interrelationship. PMID- 700170 TI - Nature of the vitamin K-dependent CO2 fixation in microsomal membranes. AB - Vitamin K is a component of a membrane-bound enzyme complex which catalyzes the posttranslational carboxylation of peptide-bound glutamate to form the gamma carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues of prothrombin. The reaction requires reduced vitamin K, bicarbonate, oxygen, and a carboxylase, and does not require ATP. In a Triton X-100 solubilized carboxylase system, it was found that the naphthoquinone ring structure is essential for activity, as is the 2-methyl group. Menaquinone homologs from MK-1 to MK-4 all had carboxylase activity, whereas menadione was inactive. However, dithiothreitol and other thiols form thioethers with menadione, which restores considerable carboxylation activity to the provitamin. Hydrogenation of the beta-gamma double bond in phylloquinone reduced its activity only slightly. The active species of "CO2" utilized in this carboxylation is CO2 and not bicarbonate. Ribosomes contain Gla residues and are labeled with CO2 when whole microsomes are incubated with CO2 in the presence of NADH and vitamin K. About 25% of the activity is releasable with puromycin, suggesting that Gla residues are formed on both the nascent chains and the structural proteins of ribosomes. The deoxycholate-solubilized carboxylase system can be dialyzed to yield membranous vesicles with enhanced carboxylase activity. The warfarin binding protein from normal rats, but not that from warfarin-resistant rats, further enhances the carboxylase activity of these reformed vesicles. PMID- 700171 TI - Properties and biosynthesis of a vitamin K-dependent calcium binding protein in bone. AB - Bone, whether of endochondral or intramembranous origin, contains the vitamin K dependent calcium binding amino acid residue gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in a small, anionic protein we have named osteocalcin. This protein, which constitutes 0.5 to 1.0% of the total bone proteins and about 20% of the noncollagenous protein, is extractable by EDTA, and contains at least 90% of bone Gla. Analysis of purified osteocalcin from chicken bone and independent sequence studies of an analogous bovine bone protein show no apparent homology to the Gla containing region of prothrombin. Chicken osteocalcin specifically binds 2 moles of calcium ions per 6,500 g protein. Employing coumarin drugs and vitamin K deficient diets, vitamin K-dependent osteocalcin biosynthesis has been demonstrated in the chick before and after hatching. Organ cultures of embryonic chick bone show de novo synthesis of osteocalcin, and microsomal preparations of embryonic bone also exhibit vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity. In addition to the presence of osteocalcin in bone, a Gla-protein of unknown function is present in normal nonmineralized kidney cortex. Furthermore, in various pathological calcifications such as hard atheromatous plaque, renal calculi, and subcutaneous ectopic calcifications other Gla-proteins are found, thus implicating such proteins and vitamin K in many facets of calcium metabolism. PMID- 700172 TI - Interactions of vitamin K-dependent proteins with calcium ions and phospholipid membranes. AB - The calcium-dependent interaction of vitamin K-dependent proteins with membranes is a complex process that minimally consists of 1) calcium binding to the protein and an essential calcium-dependent protein transition, 2) an essential calcium membrane interaction, and 3) formation of the protein-membrane complex. Below about 5 mM calcium, the protein-membrane complex binds more calcium than the sum of the components but at higher concentrations protein-membrane binding is not accompanied by additional cation binding. These protein-menbrane interactions function in blood coagulation by increasing the binding affinity of the active site. The increased affinity results from the additive effects of protein membrane (e.g., prothrombin-, factor Xa- and factor V-membrane) interactions and protein-protein (e.g., factor Xa- factor V and prothrombin-factor V) interactions. The prothrombinase complex can be viewed kinetically as a dissociable three-component enzyme (factor Xa, factor V, and phospholipid) acting on the soluble substrate, prothrombin. PMID- 700173 TI - The cell-to-cell channel. AB - Cells of most organized tissues are interconnected at their junctions by aqueous membrane channels, shown in one instance to be at least 14--16 A in diameter. During junction formation, nascent channels are detected as quantal steps in cell to-cell conductance, growing progressively in number. The channels detected are stable. Elevation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration can cause graded closure of channels. PMID- 700174 TI - Synaptic actions of acetylcholine: problems for future research. AB - Acetylcholine is currently believed to act on postsynaptic membranes by binding to a specific membrane receptor protein and inducing a conformational change that opens a channel for ion fluxes. This conformational change is viewed as rate limiting, with the agonist binding-dissociation step being very fast. The open channel has a conductance of 27 pS, and the gating molecule responsible for the channel opening and closing undergoes a dipole moment change of 50 D in making the open-closed transition. Although this picture accounts quantitatively for many aspects of acetylcholine action, certain of the underlying assumptions are untested, and the view is incomplete or unsatisfactory in several other ways. Four goals for future research, then, are: 1) To determine whether conformational change or agonist dissociation is the rate limiting step; present interpretations assume the conformation change is rate limiting, but available data are equally consistent with the alternative assumption. 2) To discover the nature and significance of direct anticholinesterase actions on the channel gating process; evidence is available that some direct actions occur, but these have not yet been studied. 3) To fit the process of desensitization into the present picture of acetylcholine actions. 4) To merge the pictures of acetylcholine-receptor interactions that are being developed concurrently by physiologists and biochemists. Achieving this goal should eventually lead to an understanding of how intrinsic proteins regulate membrane ionic fluxes. PMID- 700175 TI - [Transfer of hospital pharmacies to the jurisdiction of pharmacy administrations]. PMID- 700176 TI - [Aspects of the terminology in the pharmacy field]. PMID- 700177 TI - [Analysis and technology of androstanazol tabletting]. PMID- 700178 TI - [Solubility and porosity of tetracycline tablets]. PMID- 700179 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of ophthalmic ointments of hydrocortisone acetate in combination with sodium sulfapyridazine]. PMID- 700180 TI - [Biopharmaceutical study of corglycon suppositories]. PMID- 700181 TI - [Hydrocortisone and prednisolone solubilization in aqueous solutions of glyciram]. PMID- 700182 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of the sodium salts of barbiturates]. PMID- 700183 TI - [Isolation of amitripyline from biological objects]. PMID- 700184 TI - [School of communist labor]. PMID- 700185 TI - [Organization of chemical reagent and chemical glassware supply in Sverdlovsk Province]. PMID- 700186 TI - [Possibility of sterilizing eyedrops by a bacterial filtration method]. PMID- 700187 TI - [Eyedroppers and the comparative evaluation]. PMID- 700188 TI - [Study of plants used by peoples of the USSR in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 700189 TI - [Determination of heparin activity by a complexometric method]. PMID- 700190 TI - [Use of an ion exchange chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of drug substances in mixtures]. PMID- 700191 TI - [Metabolism of sulfanilamides in the body]. PMID- 700192 TI - [Toxicological importance of lithium and the methods for its determination]. PMID- 700193 TI - [Analysis of dimexide for the presence of dimethyl sulfate by a gas-liquid chromatographic method]. PMID- 700194 TI - [Methodological principles for setting the purchase prices of drug plant raw materials]. PMID- 700195 TI - [Optimization of the quantitative photometric determination of fentirin using gamma-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine]. PMID- 700196 TI - [Photometric determination of flavacridine hydrochloride]. PMID- 700197 TI - [Photometric determination of rutin in the presence of riboflavin]. PMID- 700198 TI - [Quantitative determination of sulfamonomethoxine by amperometric titration]. PMID- 700199 TI - [Dissertations defended in 1977--1978]. PMID- 700200 TI - [New preparations: azathioprine]. PMID- 700201 TI - [Pacemaker role for the hypothalamus in the formation of normal and pathologic food motivations]. PMID- 700202 TI - [Neuronal mechanisms of hypothalamic control of sympathetic nervous system activity]. PMID- 700204 TI - [Influence of the preoptic area on light-evoked reactions in visual cortex and lateral geniculate body neurons]. PMID- 700203 TI - [Several mechanisms of hypothalamo-cortical effects]. PMID- 700205 TI - [Hypothalamic regulation of RNA and protein biosynthesis during aging]. PMID- 700206 TI - [Functional activity of brain stem-hypothalamic formations according to orientation reflex findings in persons of different ages]. PMID- 700207 TI - [Participation of brain stem structures in regulating the secretion of vasopressin-ADH]. PMID- 700208 TI - [Seasonal changes in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal secretory system of guinea pigs during reproduction of histamine stomach ulcers]. PMID- 700209 TI - [Hypothalamic mechanisms of the seasonal cyclicity of bird reproduction]. PMID- 700210 TI - [Monoamines and their role in regulating the gonadotropic function of the pituitary in birds]. PMID- 700211 TI - [State of the neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus during stress molting in chickens]. PMID- 700213 TI - [Circadian rhythm of catecholamine and glucocorticoid excretion in the prescence of hypothalamic lesions]. PMID- 700212 TI - [Feasibility of using the antiandrogen 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl isobutyranilide to evaluate the gonadotropic reserves of the hyothalamo-hypophyseal system]. PMID- 700214 TI - [Hemodynamics in the carotid and vertebro-basilar bassins in the presence of hypothalamic lesions]. PMID- 700215 TI - [State of immunologic reactivity in hypothalamic lesions]. PMID- 700216 TI - Tolerance to alloantigens of the A and B systems in chickens. AB - Tolerance to alloantigens of the A and B systems in chickens has been induced by multiple injections of RBC and tested by the elimination of 51Cr-labelled RBC of the same specificity. Three doses consisting of at least 108 RBC each in the B system and 107 RBC in the A system were needed to induce tolerance in newly hatched chicks. Futhermore, it was found that large doses, 109 RBC, in both systems induced tolerance in 100% of week-old and 50% of 14-day-old chickens. With doses of 109 RBC, tolerance to the B antigen disappeared at 8 days in the absence of RBC, whereas in the case of the A antigen it disappeared after more than 50 days, and with the 107 cell doses after 35 days. The elimination of A incompatible RBC was proportional to the amount of anti-A antibodies present in the recipient's circulation, whereas a minimal amount of antibodies was capable of considerably accelerating the elimination of B-incompatible RBC. PMID- 700217 TI - Transfer to chick embryos of incompatible DNA. AB - After the transfer of chicken DNA to chick embryos incompatible at the B locus a retardation of growth was observed. Retarded differentiation of muscle fibres was histochemically detected in hatched chicks by the demonstration of enzymatic activities. The manifestations of apparent weakness of the dorsal muscles resembled a "myasthenia-like" syndrome. Infection with Marek's disease virus was not responsible for the damage caused by transferred DNA. PMID- 700219 TI - Common suggestions arising from surveys--Part I. PMID- 700218 TI - The physician's role in cost of hospitalization: an analysis of four admissions. PMID- 700220 TI - Hyperkinesis: still unsolved and unresolved. PMID- 700221 TI - The mechanism of chemical induction of cancer: an hypothesis. PMID- 700222 TI - Thailand's urban population reconsidered. PMID- 700223 TI - The interaction of migration, income, and employment in Sweden. AB - A common approach in migration studies is to explain interregional migration by single-equation models. Such models are likely to suffer from simultaneous equation bias when used in studies attempting to analyze migration over a long period of time. In this study, a simultaneous-equation appraoch is applied, which takes account of the interdependence between migration and income and employment changes. The four-equation model is estimated for 70 labor market areas in Sweden. PMID- 700224 TI - Recent net alien immigration to the United States: its impact on population growth and native fertility. AB - Estimates of the size and structure of recent alien immigration to the United States are made. Substituting these revised estimates in the Series II projections of the U.S. Bureau of the Census implies a future U.S. population smaller than that implied by the Census Bureau's estimates of immigration. The analysis of Coale (1972)--which calculates the decline in native-born fertility required to accommodate immigration and, at the same time, maintain a stationary population--is replicated, using both the Census Bureau's estimates and the revised estimates reported here. The revised estimates indicate a smaller reduction in native fertility and a smaller ultimate size of the stationary population than are implied by the Census Bureau's immigration estimates. The importance of age structure in all of these calculations is demonstrated. PMID- 700225 TI - Residential mobility on skid row: disaffiliation, powerlessness, and decision making. AB - Individual-level models of residential mobility emphasize (a) the stabilizing effects of various social, demographic, and housing characteristics and (b) the important mediating role played by decision-making variables. Data from a sample of skid row residents are analyzed to determine if these models retain their accuracy under conditions of disaffiliation and powerlessness. The findings indicate that, while older age, employment, and other characteristics may encourage residential stability on skid row, such factors influences mobility behavior in a direct fashion rather than through the intervening decision variables of residential evaluation and mobility expectation. In general, persons with weakened social attachments and little control over their lives and resources find it difficult to engage in the calculated, long-term type of decision-making process implied by mobility theory. PMID- 700226 TI - Toward a general theory of fertility: a causal modeling approach. AB - A general theory of fertility is derived hypothesizing that the demand for children is primarily an outcome of social psychological processes within the family, subject to certain socioeconomic constraints. Two broad social psychological processes are posited as determinants of fertility. The first suggests that the attitudes or tastes of family members influence the demand for children. The second maintains that the nature of the husband-wife interaction (in terms of power, conflict, decision making, and marital satisfaction) determines family size. Socioeconomic variables, in the form of the normative social structure and social stratification, and economic constraints, such as income and price, are hypothesized to influence fertility through their impact on social psychological processes within the family. The overall theory is tested on two independent samples--one in Ankara, Turkey, the second in Mexico City, Mexico -using a structural equation methodology. PMID- 700227 TI - Fertility and land availability in rural Brazil. AB - Differences between the marital fertility of the agricultural frontier and that of the more settled rural areas of southern Brazil are analyzed in this paper. Fertility rates derived from 1970 census data appear to decrease as the degree of settlement increases, suggesting an experience parallel to the decline in U.S. rural fertility in the late nineteenth century, which Easterlin and others have attributed to increased scarcity of land for starting new farm households. Multivariate analysis of the Brazilian data shows parallels between the two situations but also reveals that the importance of literacy, child survival, and access to land is relatively greater than that of the availability of land for explaining fertility differentials in Brazil. PMID- 700228 TI - Factors related to the intention to have additional children in the United States: a reanalysis of data from the 1965 and 1970 national fertility studies. AB - Reproductive intentions of white mothers with no more than three children in 1965 and in 1970 were analyzed for their stability and change with respect to such factors as parity, age of the youngest child, wife's employment, and husband's education. Parity and age of the youngest child were found to have a much more important effect on the intent to have additional children than were such socioeconomic variables as wife's employment and husband's education. Parity and the interval since the latest birth (or the age of the youngest child) were found to have a nonlinear effect and to interact in affecting the reproductive intention. This suggests a convergence to a two-child family as the threshold size and that the lenght of childspacing is contingent on the parity. Change during 1965--1970 in this direction was found to be greater among mothers with husbands having college or higher educations. PMID- 700229 TI - A comparison of the probability of the dissolution of first and second marriages. AB - This paper applies the techniques of multiple decrement life tables to marriage histories collected as part of the 1973 National Survey of Family Growth, in an attempt to examine differences in pattern and level of marriage dissolution by marriage order. The paper considers the process of marriage dissolution in two stages--marriage to separation and separation to divorce--in addition to considering the composite of these two, marriage to divorce. Second marriages are more likely to reamin intact only for blacks. For all subgroups of whites, second marriages are either as likely or more likely to dissolve than first marriages. For both first and second marriages, blacks are considerably less likely to obtain a divorce after separation. PMID- 700230 TI - Marital dissolution, remarriage, and childbearing. AB - Earlier models of fertility hypothesize that marital dissolution and remarriage influence subsequent childbearing. This issue is examined by comparing the fertility of those in disrupted marriages with that of those in stable marriages. The results indicate that, by transferring women into a nonmarried status, marital dissolution decreases childbearing. The data also suggest that discord reduces fertility even before separation occurs--separated women had reduced fertility during the two years just before separation. It was found that marital dissolution without remarriage operates to truncate childbearing, thus decreasing family size. Dissolution followed by remarriage, however, lengthens the childbearing span of whites and has no inflences on average family size; remarrying white women are able to make up for the childbearing lost between marriages. For nonwhites, we found that dissolution and remarriage increase the average time to childbirth, but, even more importantly, these events greatly decrease the number of children born. PMID- 700232 TI - An estimate of a rare population group: the U.S. Jewish population. AB - High, middle, and low estimates for a rare population group, the Jewish population of the United States, are presented together with their root mean square errors. These estimates are based upon a national sample whose essential survey design features are outlined. The features indicate that difficult-to-find populations can be sampled in adequate numbers if some sort of a list can be developed with a fair proportion of the population. To this list must be added an integrated area sample. PMID- 700231 TI - Contextual and ideological dimensions of attitudes toward discretionary abortion. AB - This study examines the contextual and ideological dimensions of attitudes toward discretionary abortion using two national surveys. The abortion attitudes are dichotomized in terms of consistent opposition versus consistent support. Discriminant analysis, partial correlations, and stepwise regression procedures are used in the analysis. Findings indicate that education and attendance at religious services are the two most significant contextual dimensions and sexual permissiveness and fertility ideology are the two most significant ideological dimensions for explaining attitudes toward discretionary abortion. Implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 700233 TI - [About spermatozoa from spermatoceles (author's transl)]. PMID- 700235 TI - [Spermiogram in alcoholic men (author's transl)]. PMID- 700234 TI - [Partial separation of human gyno- and androspermatozoa using sephadex chromatography, density gradient centrifugation in saccharose and dextron as well as through progressive motility in cervical secretions]. PMID- 700236 TI - [Significance of primary prostaglandins in relation to human reproduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 700237 TI - [Prostatitis and pathospermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 700238 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia, male impotence, oligozoospermia and the treatment with Bromocriptin (author's transl)]. PMID- 700239 TI - [Refertilizing operations at the epididymis (author's transl)]. PMID- 700241 TI - [Spermatologic investigations in direction of diagnosis and prognosis of fertility in ram (author's transl)]. PMID- 700240 TI - [Arginine aspartate in the treatment of oligozoospermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 700242 TI - [Disturbances of fertility caused by chronic nonspecific inflammations of prostata and glandulae vesiculosae (author's transl)]. PMID- 700243 TI - Replication of mouse mammary tumor cells in monolayer cultures stimulated with embryo extract. AB - A particulate fraction derived from homogenized chicken embryos was added to primary monolayer cultures of mouse mammary tumor cells. All culture media contained fetal calf serum (10%). After 4 days, the extract had stimulated a twofold increase (relative to controls lacking the extract) in (1) total DNA per culture; (2) the rate of incorporation of labeled DNA precursors; (3) epithelial cell number, and (4) total protein. This integrated growth activity is discussed in terms of the nature and exogenous regulation of neoplastic growth. PMID- 700244 TI - Cytophotometric study of the DNA content in experimental pulmonary granuloma. AB - Pulmonary granulomas were induced in rabbits with Freund's complete adjuvant. Histologic alterations, the mitotic index and Feulgen-DNA amounts determined by a cytophotometric method were studied. The mitotic index and DNA amounts increased significantly within the first hours and reached peak values on the 3rd day, then showed a tendency to decrease after the 7th day. After the 3rd day, a certain dissociation was noted between the mitotic index and Feulgen-DNA amount. The change in Feulgen-DNA content reflects the functional alterations that characterize pulmonary granuloma. PMID- 700245 TI - Phagocytosis of latex particles in relation to the cell cycle in 3T3 cells. AB - Cultures of 3T3 cells, synchronised by serum deprivation, were shown to phagocytose latex beads of 0.81 micrometer diameter more avidly in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The maximum rate of about 0.12 particles/cell/hour was recorded 12 h after stimulation with 10% fetal bovine serum. After 24 h, when mitosis was beginning, the uptake fell to just above the unstimulated level of 0.06 particles/cell/hour. Exocytosis was linear and only 7% of the total cell associated latex was released in 30 h. Internalisation of latex beads was demonstrated by electron microscopy. No uptake was detected in experiments conducted at 4 degrees C. PMID- 700246 TI - Mechanics of locomotion of dogs (Canis familiaris) and sheep (Ovis aries). PMID- 700247 TI - The roof of the fourth ventricle in amphibian brains. PMID- 700248 TI - Acute monoarticular presentation of osteoarthrosis of the knee. AB - A study of 387 patients aged 65 years and over presenting with an acute hot painful swollen joint as the major or only presentation of osteoarthrosis of the knee is discussed. Short-term phenylbutazone therapy is evaluated. Eighty-nine per cent of patients obtained good to complete relief of acute symptoms within 14 days. PMID- 700249 TI - A double-blind study of cimetidine in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer in Greece. AB - The results of a double-blind study comparing oral cimetidine with placebo in the short-term treatment of endoscopically proven gastric and duodenal ulceration are presented. Cimetidine was used at a dosage of one gram per day and treatment continued over a period of 4 weeks. Greek patients' tolerance of the drug has been recorded. The outcome of treatment was significantly better for the group of patients who received cimetidine treatment. PMID- 700250 TI - Lack of influence of povidone-iodine on tests of thyroid function. AB - The external application of povidone-iodine, an antiseptic agent, was tested for its influence on thyroid function. Previous workers have described some in vitro changes in thyroid function tests following its use. In the present study topical application of povidone-iodine did not affect thyroid function as measured some days later using both in vivo and radio-active iodine in vitro test methods, despite the fact that the latter are notorious for being influenced by exogenous iodine. PMID- 700251 TI - Analysis of glycosaminoglycans within the extracellular environments encountered by migrating neural crest cells. PMID- 700252 TI - Development of glucogenesis from galactose by fetal rat liver explants in organ culture. PMID- 700253 TI - Intersex, a temperature-sensitive mutant of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 700254 TI - Inhibition of sporulation in the water mold Blastocladiella emersonii by antipain. PMID- 700255 TI - Formation of the epicardium studied with the scanning electron microscope. PMID- 700256 TI - Immunoreactive glucagon responses to oral glucose, insulin infusion and deprivation, and somatostatin in pancreatectomized man. AB - In a group of pancreatectomized subjects, immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) concentrations were normal after an overnight fast, increased after oral glucose, were not suppressed by somatostatin (SRIF) or insulin, and in two of four subjects they rose with an arginine infusion. Even though the SRIF infusion failed to lower IRG, there was a fall in plasma glucose concentration in both subjects. In two subjects, endogenous hyperglycemia occurred during insulin withdrawal without a rise in IRG, and, in one subject, mild diabetic ketoacidosis developed with only a minimal rise in IRG. These results support the presence of an extrapancreatic source of IRG in man. Secretion from these extrapancreatic alpha cells appears to be regulated differently than secretion from pancreatic alpha cells. PMID- 700257 TI - Somatostatin in maturity-onset diabetes. AB - Plasma FFA, glucagon, insulin, glucose, and growth hormone were followed every hour during 24 hours of saline infusion, 24 hours of somatostatin (4mg.) infusion, and three hours without infusion in six nonobese and six obese maturity onset diabetic men. Somatostatin induced the same changes in the parameters of both groups of diabetic patients: A rise in plasma FFA, which gradually disappeared after some hours of infusion, a suppression of plasma glucagon and insulin, and an augmentation of plasma glucose both postprandially and during the night. Plasma growth hormone was suppressed in the nonobese patients, but somatostatin could not further suppress the low and nonfluctuating plasma growth hormone concentration in the obese maturity-onset diabetics. The results indicate that a preparation with a pattern of hormone suppression like that of somatostatin will not be useful in the control of maturity-onset diabetes, because it suppresses insulin and elevates the blood glucose concentration. PMID- 700258 TI - Glucose and insulin responses to diet. Effect of variations in source and amount of carbohydrate. PMID- 700259 TI - A model of glucose-insulin homeostasis in man that incorporates the heterogeneous fast pool theory of pancreatic insulin release. AB - Current physiologic knowledge about glucose-insulin homeostasis in liver, brain, pancreas, kidney, peripheral tissues, and central vascular organs has been synthesized to form a whole-system mathematical model of glucose metabolism in normal, ideal man. In addition to data of other workers, results from more than 100 intravenous glucose tolerance tests, including variable dosage, variable duration of infusion, and double pulse studies, were used to determine model structure and parameters. Model and clinical testing have focused particularly on the fast phase of insulin response to vascular glucose. The model incorporates blood circulation and equilibration of substances between vascular and interstitial spaces, and it assumes constant fractional clearance of insulin by liver and kidney. Studies using a double pulse of glucose suggest that the time derivative of glucose level is not the sole or predominant influence on fast phase insulin release, but that preinfusion glucose level and/or previous glucose exposure of the pancreas are also important. Variable dosage glucose studies suggest that the amount of insulin released during the fast phase rather than the insulin release rate is regulated by the glucose level. A two-pool, heterogeneous threshold mechanism for beta cell response to glucose is presented that is compatible with the clinical results. PMID- 700260 TI - The functional state of sympathetic nerves in spontaneously diabetic mice. AB - I investigated biochemical parameters of sympathetic nerve function in spontaneously diabetic mice(C57 BL/KsJdb/db) and in their lean littermates. The concentration of norepinephrine (NE) in organs innervated by sympathetic nerves was significantly reduced in the heart, kidney, and salivary glands of mice (24 weeks old) with severe diabetic-like symptoms (blood glucose is greater than 300 mg./100ml.). In the spleen, vas deferens, and adrenal glands of the same animals the NE levels were not changed in relation to control. Other measurements of NE in young (six weeks old) diabetic mice revealed no differences between diabetic and nondiabetic controls. The turnover of NE, a measure of the functional state of sympathetic nerves, decreased significantly in the heart and salivary glands of 24-week-old mice but remained unchanged in the kidney and spleen. In young, diabetic mice the rates of NE turnover in several organs were similar to those found in age-matched controls. The hearts of 24-week-old diabetic mice contained significantly less dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), an intraneuronal enzyme active in the terminal step of NE biosynthesis. The kidney of the same animals was hypertrophic and showed a massive elevation of monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that degrades NE to inactive products. Other experiments showed that the regeneration of sympathetic neurons that follows the reversible chemical denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine was comparable in diabetic and nondiabetic animals. It appears that mice with spontaneous diabetes show changes of sympathetic nerve function similar to those noted in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 700261 TI - Vascular lesions associated with impotence in diabetic and nondiabetic arterial occlusive disease. AB - Translumbar aortographies performed in 91 patients for limiting leg ischemia were reviewed, and stenosis was graded by points from one (normal vessel) to five (complete occlusion) for each vessel. Of 62 nondiabetic patients, 18 (29 per cent) were impotent, while of 29 diabetics, 17 (58.6 per cent) were impotent (p less than 0.01). Significantly greater stenosis (p less than 0.005) was found in the internal pudendal arteries of impotent patients when compared statistically with potent patients. This was true for the group as a whole, for diabetics and nondiabetics, and for patients over 50 years old both with and without diabetes. There was no significant difference in the extent of stenosis of the iliac arteries (common and internal) between potent and impotent patients. There was also no significant difference in the pattern of stenosis between diabetic and nondiabetic patients in the group as a whole and also in the potent and impotent subgroups analyzed separately. Neither diminished femoral pulses nor aortographic evidence of external iliac and common femoral arterial stenosis correlated significantly with impotence. These observations indicate that vascular lesions are as important in diabetics as in nondiabetics in the genesis of impotence. Clinical implications regarding diagnostic investigations and treatment are discussed. PMID- 700263 TI - Taking account of inventory. PMID- 700262 TI - The role of calcium in glucagon release. Studies with verapamil. AB - The role of calcium transport into the pancreatic A2-cell in release of glucagon was studied in the perfused in vitro rat pancreas exposed to the organic calcium antagonist verapamil (10 and 20 microns). As judged by the inhibitory effect of verapamil, a sufficient influx of calcium was required for glucagon release to be stimulated by either arginine (10 mM) or a lowering of the glucose concentration from 16.6 to 3.3 mM. However, such was not the case for glucose to inhibit the release of glucagon or when the A-2-cell was established in a stimulated state during prolonged exposure to a low, 3.3 mM, glucose concentration. These findings suggest that the role of inwardly directed transport of calcium in the secretory process of the A2-cell is of a complex nature, being dependent on the type of stimulus employed (arginine or glucose) and, in the case of glucose, on the static or dynamic state of the cell. The intimate mechanisms by which calcium exerts such complex effects on the secretory process in the A2-cell remain to be elucidated. PMID- 700264 TI - Determining wages in health facilities. PMID- 700265 TI - Biomedical troubleshooters. PMID- 700266 TI - The need for development centres. PMID- 700267 TI - Developing an outdoor playground. PMID- 700268 TI - Author on radiology responds to letter. PMID- 700269 TI - Licensing and registration. PMID- 700270 TI - Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy. AB - Diabetic retinopathy was found to be present in 12 out of a group of 67 diabetic patients supervised by us during 92 pregnancies, and 3 further pregnant diabetics were referred to us because of retinopathy. The mean duration of diabetes was 13 years (range 3--25 years). Nine patients had minimal retinopathy, 2 had background retinopathy, and the remaining 4 proliferative retinopathy. The cases with minimal retinopathy showed no progression during pregnancy. In 1 patient with background retinopathy there was deterioration. Of the 4 patients with proliferative retinopathy 1 showed regression during the pregnancy, 2 showed advance and were treated with photocoagulation (these 2 patients now have normal vision), while the patient with extensive retinitis proliferans, with retinal detachment in both eyes and previous photocoagulation remained unchanged. The prognosis during pregnancy for patients with diabetic retinopathy is reasonable and has been improved by the advent of photocoagulation. PMID- 700271 TI - Effect of insulin on amino acid transport in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The effects of insulin on amino acid transport were studied in freshly prepared suspensions of isolated hepatocytes from adult rats. Insulin stimulated the active transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid by increasing the influx. The onset of the insulin effect was delayed by thirty to sixty min. Insulin increased by Vmax of transport by about 60% without affecting the Km. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D inhibited hormonal action by 60 to 80%. Only the "A" system of transport was affected by insulin. Half-maximal stimulation of transport was observed with insulin at 2 to 3nmol/l, a concentration which also occupies about 50% of insulin-specific binding sites at steady state. Insulin did not antagonize the stimulatory effect of glucagon on amino acid transport. PMID- 700272 TI - A modified assay system for collagen glucosyltransferase. AB - A simplified assay procedure has been developed for the determination of collagen glucosyltransferase activity in tissue extracts. Using degraded gelatine as acceptor it was possible to isolate the reaction product by precipitation on to a glass fibre disc. Under our conditions degraded gelatine is glucosylated with a reaction rate which is 3--4 times lower compared with the glucosylation of basement membrane derived glycopeptides. Good reproducibility is demonstrated by the coefficient of variation of 4% in the same assay and an interassay variation coefficient below 8%. As the assay allows the testing of large numbers of samples in a few hours, it should prove a useful tool to determine the enzyme level in the tissue of diabetic animals. In humans the activity of the glucosyltransferase could provide a biochemical parameter related to diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 700273 TI - Mobilization of subcutaneously injected tritiated insulin in rats: effects of muscular exercise. PMID- 700274 TI - Highly purified insulins. PMID- 700276 TI - Osteopenia in insulin treated diabetes mellitus. Its relation to age at onset, sex and duration of disease. AB - Bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry in 215 insulin treated diabetic out-patients aged 7--70 years. As bone mass increases until the age of 20--25 years, patients were so selected that all remained within the same phase of bone mineral storage throughout the entire course of their diabetes. Other criteria for exclusion were diseases or drugs interfering with mineral metabolism and previous use of oral antidiabetic agents. As a group the patients demonstrated a bone mineral deficit of 9.8% compared with sex- and age-matched controls (P less than 0.001). Comparison between patients who had developed diabetes before the age of 20 years and after that of 25 years revealed deficits of 14% and 7%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Sex differences were not observed. The initiation of osteopenia seemed to coincide with the onset of clinical diabetes mellitus, and significantly reduced bone mineral content was observed after 2 years of diabetes (P less than 0.001). After 3--5 years the osteopenia appeared to attain a stable level. PMID- 700277 TI - Pilot study of self-measurement of blood glucose using the Dextrostix-Eyetone system for juvenile-onset diabetes. AB - Self-measurement of blood glucose was performed by eight insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetics. The patients were well motivated and improved control of diabetes was obtained. The method would seem to be useful for juvenile-onset diabetics, especially of the unstable type and for pregnant diabetics. PMID- 700275 TI - The effects of chlorpropamide and insulin on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fractional triglyceride removal. AB - The effects of chlorpropamide on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fractional triglyceride removal have been studied over 12 months on 10 maturity onset diabetics not controlled on diet alone. Similar studies were carried out in 6 maturity onset diabetics who had failed to respond to sulphonylureas and 6 new insulin requiring diabetics. In the chlorpropamide treated patients there was an initial fall in serum and VLDL triglyceride but this effect was lost at 12 months. There was no change in fractional triglyceride removal. At 12 months there was a fall in LDL and a rise in HDL choelsterol. An initial improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion was maintained at 12 months. In the insulin treated group the initial fall in serum and VLDL triglyceride was maintained at 12 months and was accompanied by an increase in fractional triglyceride removal. There was also a fall in LDL and a rise in HDL cholesterol at 12 months. The failure of chlorpropamide to maintain the reduction in serum and VLDL triglyceride could be of importance in the genesis of coronary heart disease in maturity onset diabetics. The fall in LDL and rise in HDL cholesterol found both with chlorpropamide and insulin might be beneficial. PMID- 700278 TI - Influence of phenformin and metformin on exercise induced lactataemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - The effect of long-term treatment with phenformin and metformin respectively on blood lactate concentrations in relation to submaximal muscular exercise has been examined in 21 maturity-onset diabetics, using a cross-over method. At similar degrees of diabetic control the mean blood lactate concentration during exercise and shortly thereafter was significantly higher when the patients had received phenformin. The mean fasting lactate concentration was 1.07 mmol/l with phenformin and 1.03 mmol/l with metformin and the peak concentration was 2.56 mmol/l and 2.19 mmol/l respectively. The mean fasting blood glucose concentration before the exercise was 11.2 mmol/l with phenformin and 11.3 mmol/l with metformin; the glucose output in the urine during the preceding 24 hours was 93 mmol and 105 mmol respectively. The mean work load during exercise was 60 watts. PMID- 700280 TI - Characterisation of the effect of intravenous infusion of glucose and tolbutamide on the insulin delivery rate in man. AB - Serum insulin response to a single bolus of IV glucose or tolbutamide was measured in eight healthy subjects. Insulin disappearance rate was assessed by deconvolution from the serum insulin levels, using the measured insulin disappearance rate. The mean rate constant of insulin disappearance was 0.238 +/- 0.005 min-1 (mean +/- SEM). Basal insulin delivery rate was 8.0 to 9.0 mU/min and the delivery rate following glucose injection (0.5 g/kg body weight) showed a biphasic response, whereas that after tolbutamide injection (15.6 mg/kg body weight), a monophasic response. After glucose injection, 1.7 +/- 0.3 U of insulin was delivered during the first phase (0--10 min) and 5.6 +/- 1.6 U during the second phase (11--60 min). After tolbutamide injection, 1.5 +/- 0.3 U of insulin was delivered during the first 10 min. Between 11 and 40 min, 1.6 +/- 0.5 U of insulin was delivered. The results thus confirm and also quantitate biphasic insulin secretion after a bolus of glucose with a monophasic response after tolbutamide. The method is suitable for studies of the insulin secretogogues in man. PMID- 700279 TI - Effect of phenformin on substrate metabolism of working muscle in maturity onset diabetics. PMID- 700281 TI - Diminished gastrointestinal potentiation of insulin secretion in human pregnancy. AB - In order to investigate whether an increased gastrointestinal potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release might be involved in the enhanced insulin response to oral glucose in pregnancy, seven normal women were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an IV glucose infusion test (IVGI) in the last trimester of pregnancy and again four to ten weeks post-partum. The amount of glucose administered intravenously was adjusted to obtain plasma glucose concentrations similar to those of the preceding OGTT. By this technique it was possible to quantitate the amount of insulin release attributable to gastrointestinal factors. Contrary to expectations, the results revealed that the gastrointestinal potentiation of insulin secretion was reduced by more than 75% in late pregnancy (p less than 0.05). The hyperinsulinaemia of pregnancy is therefore not explained by an increased activity of the entero-insular axis. Moreover the results confirm a substantially increased beta cell sensitivity to a glycaemic stimulus in pregnancy. PMID- 700283 TI - Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on differentiation. II. The effect of early BUdR treatment on gastrulation of sea urchin embryos. AB - BUdR treatment of early cleavage stages is more effective on gastrulation the earlier the drug is administered before the 16-cell stage. The distribution of percentages of embryos gastrulating is in good agreement with the theoretical calculated values presented in part I and permit the assumption that BUdR may act by preventing normal transcription at, or shortly after, the 16-cell stage. PMID- 700282 TI - Somatotrophic diabetes: insulin release responses to arginine and glucagon in dogs. AB - Growth hormone injected daily in 6 dogs for 6 days caused a 20-fold elevation in fasting serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) without appreciable change in serum glucose in 1 day. In the somatotrophic diabetes that occurred after 2 days, the hyperinsulinaemia was maintained and the serum IRI/glucose (I/G) ratio declined from the early high level but remained elevated. During this treatment, in response to glucose infusion, the rise in serum IRI above the initially high fasting level was 16 times the normal. In response to glucagon, the rise in IRI was twice the normal and the rise in glucose was more prolonged, resulting in a decline in the I/G ratio. In response to arginine infusion, the rise in serum IRI was 8 times the normal and the rise in the I/G ratio was twice normal. Following a meal, the rise in serum IRI was 8 times the normal. Thus, with growth hormone treatment the insulin secretory responses to these stimulating factors were magnified over the already elevated fasting level of secretion. The insulin content of the pancreas was reduced to less than 10% of normal by growth hormone treatment for 6 days, due apparently to elevation of the rate of secretion over the rae of formation of insulin. PMID- 700284 TI - The ectomesenchymal-endodermal interaction system of Triturus alpestris in tissue culture: morphological and histochemical characterization of developing neural derivatives. AB - In the ectomesenchymal-endodermal interaction system (EEIS), a hanging drop culture in which an explant of neural fold from behind the prospective ear region of a Triturus alpestris neurula together with a piece of ventrolateral pharynx endoderm is cultivated, the differentiation of a variety of neural crest-derived cells (nerve cells, pigment cells, cartilage cells, perichondrial cells, Schwann cells) can be followed. While cartilage cells develop only in contact to pharynx endoderm, the differentiation of neural crest-derived neuroblasts, rhombencephalic brain derivatives and epidermis which segregate from the explant of neural fold, does not depend on the presence of pharynx endoderm. The development of neural derivatives was studied with respect to morphology and histochemistry. Outgrowing axons may be observed 2-3 days after the beginning of cultivation. The fibres increase in thickness and length during further development and frequently make contact with other cells. Cytophotometric measurements of Feulgen-stained neural crest cells in the EEIS revealed that 72% of cells had a 2c and 9% a 4c DNA content while 18% were in S phase. Nerve cells had a 2c DNA content and prospective chondroblasts were in S phase. About 60-70% of S phase and 4c cells were observed at the margin of the culture. Neural crest derived neuroblasts and melanoblasts obviously reacted catecholamine-positive upon formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), while axons from the brain derivative were catecholamine-negative but acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive. Neural crest cells prior to visible differentiation and neural crest-derived neuroblasts were AChE-negative. Catecholamine-positive (= fluorescing) cells can be recognized as either neuro- or melanoblasts prior to displaying phenotypic features. In cultures incubated with 3H-Dopa, freeze-dried, treated with the FIF procedure, and subjected to autoradiography, only melanoblasts specifically accumulated the label. PMID- 700287 TI - Selection criteria reduced unnecessary skull x rays. PMID- 700285 TI - Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on differentiation. I. Probability distribution of BUdR-containing DNA-strands in subsequent divisions. AB - The consequences on transcription of BUdR substitution of the normal thymidine in nuclear DNA are analyzed from a probabilistic point of view. The probability that at any stage subsequent to the administration of BUdR, a randomly chosen cell will be able to make good transcripts is calculated both under the assumption that incorporation of BUdR is complete and under the assumption that incorporation is partial. In the latter case both gradually increasing and decreasing incorporation rates are considered. The presented calculations may be of value for the investigation of any type of differentiating cells. Using the example of the sea urchin embryo it is shown how to calculate the probability that a particular group of cells, which in further development differentiate to a certain organ, will inherit as sufficient number of essential genes unaffected by BUdR in order to ensure a normal development. It is shown that the probability that the four macromeres (or micromeres) in the vegetal half of the 16-cell stage of the sea urchin embryo will contain at least one, two or four plus (or minus) strands of DNA uninfluenced by BUdR gradually decreases the earlier BUdR is administered. The theoretical calculations are in agreement with experimental observations on sea urchin embryos (described in part II). PMID- 700286 TI - New restrictions on oxytocin use. PMID- 700288 TI - FDA seeks input on food labeling changes. PMID- 700289 TI - HEW recommends followup on DES patients. PMID- 700290 TI - Update on metoprolol. PMID- 700291 TI - Label changes on albumin--a reminder. PMID- 700293 TI - [The fate of cava-pulmonary anastomosis in corrective surgery]. PMID- 700292 TI - U-100 insulin proposed as single strength available. PMID- 700294 TI - [Surgical management of ventricular septal defect and coarctation of the aorta. Observations on 40 cases, with particular references to infancy (author's transl)]. AB - Forty patients with V.S.D. and coarctation of the aorta were operated on at Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ospedali Riuniti Bergamo. Surgical management of infants with V.S.D. and coarctation depends on the magnitude of the left to right shunt. Patients may therefore be divided into two groups: 1) those with aortic coarctation and a small V.S.D., who have normal or slightly elevated pulmonary artery pressure. If surgery is required, these patients can be successfully treated by repairing the coarctation alone. Ten cases in our series were operated on using this approach without deaths; 2) patients with coarctation and large V.S.D. and pulmonary hypertension. The management of these infants is controversial. One stage repair was used in four cases without deaths. On the other hand, nine out of 11 patients in whom the V.S.D. was left unrepaired at the same operation died, giving a 81.8% mortality rate. Repair of coarctation with simultaneous banding of the pulmonary artery was equally affected by high mortality. With this approach in 13 patients there were seven deaths, giving a 53.8% mortality rate. PMID- 700295 TI - [Primary repair of large ventricular septal defects in the first year of life (author's transl)]. AB - It has been our policy at Harefield Hospital since 1971 to perform primary repair of large ventricular septal defects in the first year of life if there is severe intractable cardiac failure or persistent pulmonary hypertension in infants approaching the first year of age. Twenty-six infants underwent repair; their ages were between one and twelve months. One child died early. The remaining 25 have been followed up for between 6 and 78 months (mean 30.3 months). There have been no late deaths and all children are asymptomatic. Late, postoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in 17 patients. This showed that in all the patients the pulmonary artery pressure was normal and there were no residual shunts. It is concluded that primary repair of large ventricular septal defects in the first year of life gives good results and appears to prevent pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 700296 TI - [The postoperative treatment of tricuspid valve atresia corrected according to the Fontan procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 700297 TI - [The coarctation of the aorta in the adults. Long term results over 10 years (author's transl)]. AB - From May 1964 through December 1976, at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Padova, Medical School, 148 patients underwent surgery for coarctation of the aorta; 62 of them where 18 years of age or older. The Authors deal particularly with the clinical symptoms, the operative findings, the surgical technique and the postoperative complications of their series. The early (only three operative deaths) and late results are considered satisfactory, and are discussed according particularly to the type of surgical intervention. PMID- 700298 TI - [Histological study of the coronary arteries during the first six months of life (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors report on the results of a preliminary study on the histological aspects of the coronary arteries during the first six months in the life of the infant. After having reviewed the data relative to the distribution according to sex and age, the causes of death and the localization of the alterations, they draw attention to the discordant opinions still held to date on the pathogenetical interpretations of the medical reports under their observation particularly in reference to the connections with coronary arteriosclerosis in the adult. PMID- 700299 TI - [The control of the atrio-ventricular reciprocating tachyarrhythmias. A preliminary electrophysiological study and comparison between amiodarone and verapamil (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of amiodarone (2.5 mg/Kg i.v.) and of verapamil (0.1 mg/Kg i.v.) on refractory periods and on conduction of structures interested in the reciprocating circuit, as well as on the possible echo zones, were comparatively evaluated through electrophysiological test in 8 patients, four of which with W.P.W. from Kent bundle, and four with double A-V pass with reciprocating supraventricular tachicardia (RST) documented crises. None of the two drugs seems to have the theorical requirements of balanced effect to be chosen for the antiarrhythmic prophylaxis in patients with ventricular pre-excitement. In patients with double A-V pass, while both drugs have a sufficiently balanced and regular action on refractory periods and on conduction the irregularity of their effects on echo zones appears to restrict their validity in chronical therapy. According to the Authors, the only useful criteria for the choice of an antiarrhythmic drug for the prophilaxis of R.S.T. to be derived through extrapolation from these electrophysiological tests are: 1) the functional suppression of a circuit structure; 2) the evaluation of effects on echo zones; 3) the possibility or not the evoking R.S.T. PMID- 700300 TI - [Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of tricuspid anomalies (author's transl)]. AB - Doppler echocardiography has been applied in a study of the tricuspid and central venous blood velocity curves in a number of cases, including eleven cases of insufficiency, six cases of stenosis, five cases of steno-insufficiency of the tricuspid valve and one case of Ebstein's disease. The tracings were compared to normal reports and to those appartaining to a few patients with right ventricular failure from different causes. For six patients the venous blood velocity curve was recorded contemporaneously with the right atrioventricular pressure curves. Doppler echocardiography has proved that it can offer useful indications on tricuspid anomalies. The analysis of the central venous and tricuspid blood velocity curve allows us to detect hemodynamic alterations characteristic of this valvular disease. PMID- 700301 TI - [Rheumatoid heart: report of a case with endomyocardial injury and severe arrhythmias (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors describe the case of a 61 year old man suffering from rheumatoid arthritis; the diagnosis of "rheumatoid heart" was made on the basis of the humoral findings and of the clinico-ecgraphic picture of endocardial (mitral incompetence) and myocardial injuries. The different complications impairing the heart rhythm (FA, tachycardia S.V., and episodes of tachycardia V., torsade de pointes type) and the A-V and the I.V. conduction (RBBB phase 3, LBBB phase 4, BAV 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree) which determined the recurrence of episodes of heart block and required adequate intensive cardiological treatment, are described. In conclusion, the significance of the persistance of the L.A.D. in the course of complete LBBB and the discovery of an unusual type of escape-capture bigeminy in the course of 2nd degree BAV is discussed. PMID- 700302 TI - [Conduction disorders in aortic dissecting aneurysm]. PMID- 700303 TI - [Stimulation by automatic scanning in the long-term treatment of hyperkinetic arrhythmias (author's transl)]. AB - The use of programmed stimulation in the long-term treatment of re-entry tachycardia offers encouraging perspectives. Among the others proposed the "scanning" system seems to be the most effective. However, an implantable stimulator with such pictures is not yet available and a temporary electrode is thus required. These difficulties have been overcome utilizing the radiofrequency as a sincronizing and stimuli-producing means. An implantable appliance was therefore designed which is triggered by the patient himself and automatically researches the zone of interruption of tachycardia by exploring the R-R cycle. The program of external transmitter which can produce one or two sincronized impulses, seams the cycle with progressive steps of 10 msec each; when tachycardia is interrupted, further stimulation is inhibited. The implanted part of the appliance connected with a normal endocavitary electrode, does not have any power supply and thus is very small. The efficacy of this method has been shown in 4 junctional reciprocating and 1 ventricular recurrent chronic tachycardias, resistent to conventional pharmacologic therapy. PMID- 700304 TI - [Echocardiographic exploration of the pulmonary valve in patients with chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 700305 TI - Reassessment of newer diagnostic modalities in gastrointestinal radiology. PMID- 700306 TI - Computed body tomography and gray scale ultrasonography: anatomic correlations and pitfalls in the upper abdomen. AB - From over 1,000 computed body tomographic and 10,000 gray scale ultrasonographic studies of the abdomen, a number of close anatomic relationships leading to the commonest pitfalls in diagnosis are reviewed. Scanning techniques developed to prevent interpretive errors are described. PMID- 700307 TI - Pancreatic pseudotumors: computed tomography. AB - Although pancreatic disease is suspected initially by historical or biochemical findings, the nature of the pathologic process in the past was frequently established only through invasive procedures. Inferences can be drawn from routine roentgenologic examinations, but visualization of the pancreas has only recently been achieved. Of the currently available noninvasive imaging procedures, computed tomography, in our opinion, is the screening procedure of choice. Care in the interpretation of pancreatic masses must be exercised since some of the findings can be attributed to anatomic variants, normal adjacent structures, or other neighboring pathologic processes. PMID- 700308 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of the pancreas. AB - With the advent of new gray scale imaging techniques, ultrasound plays a major role in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. As a noninvasive, nonionizing, accurate, and inexpensive diagnostic modality that directly images the pancreatic gland, ultrasound can be used as a primary screening tool. It is helpful in confirming the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and in detecting and following pseudocysts and other complications. Neoplasms can be detected with a high rate of accuracy, and by assessing the presence of ascites or metastatic foci in the liver, ultrasound can aid in the staging of the neoplastic process. Bowel gas and obesity remain serious limitations to adequate examination, and in these patients computed tomography offers a complementary modality. PMID- 700309 TI - Hepatobiliary disease: a comparative evaluation by ultrasound and computed tomography. AB - Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) are both relatively new techniques for evaluating gallbladder and biliary disease. Ultrasound is more sensitive than CT for detecting the presence of gallstones because of partial volume averaging errors which occur with CT. Both modalities are sensitive methods of differentiating jaundice due to intrahepatic disease from extrahepatic obstruction. However, CT should not be considered a screening test at the present time and should be reserved for selected cases where ultrasound is unable to produce diagnostically acceptable information. PMID- 700310 TI - Ultrasonography of abdominal fluid collections. AB - Ultrasonic examination of abdominal fluid collections sometimes allows identification of the nature of the contained fluid. Abscesses, hematomas, and lymphoceles tend to be ellipsoidal unless confined by particularly resistant structures. Abscesses often contain fine debris. Hematomas develop coarse clumps of strongly echoing material as they age. Lymphoceles have sharp walls and are echo-free. Ascites has an irregular outline, a sharply defined wall, and is echo free. There may be bowel loops floating in it. Pseudocysts have a widely variable appearance. Bowel loopes that are distended with fluid often show peristalsis. Ultrasonically directed fine needle puncture allows confirmation of the nature of the fluid. PMID- 700311 TI - Ultrasound and gallium for the diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic abscesses. AB - Two hundred and twenty-two patients presented with clinical suspicion of an abdominal or pelvic abscess. Abscesses tend to locate in the perihepatic spaces or the pelvis, and these areas can easily be examined by ultrasound, using the liver or the urinary bladder as acoustic windows. Thirty-eight of 42 abdominal abscesses, and 32 of 33 pelvic abscesses were correctly diagnosed and located by ultrasound, giving a sensitivity of 93.3%. Of the 145 patients without abscesses, 143 were correctly excluded, giving a specificity of 98.6%. Thirty of these patients also underwent gallium 67 examination. This detected all 7 true negatives and all 10 abscesses, 1 of which was missed by ultrasound. Of the remaining 13 patients with positive gallium results, 10 had nonspecific uptake in diffuse inflammatory conditions, and 3 were false positives with uptake in bowel or in a surgical wound. In those patients with nonspecific gallium uptake, ultrasound was valuable in documenting the absence of an abscess cavity. Conversely, gallium detected a left subphrenic abscess missed by ultrasound. For reasons of economy, speed, and high sensitivity, we believe that ultrasound should be the initial screening procedure for patients with clinical suspicion of abdominal or pelvic abscess. Gallium should be reserved for patients with equivocal ultrasound results of those with septic foci not revealed by ultrasound. PMID- 700312 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of abdominal abscesses. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is effective in demonstrating abdominal abscesses and their relation to surrounding structures. The CT signs of abscess are not unlike those demonstrable radiographically and include an abnormal mass, obliteration and displacement of surrounding organs, inappropriate gas, and peripheral enhancement after intravenous contrast. Axial imaging permits selection of safe approaches through which percutaneous needle aspiration can be performed for diagnosis and therapy. When techniques similar to those employed in angiography are used, a catheter can be inserted, the abscess evacuated, and the catheter left in place as a drain. Combined with intravenous antibiotics, this method of abscess drainage has been successful in curing abscesses without surgery. Representative examples are shown. PMID- 700313 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - An ultrasonographic pattern of mass lesions with strong central echoes appears to be specific for lesions of the luminal GI tract. Three lesions from different portions of the GI tract showing this appearance are presented. Although ultrasound is not the technique of choice in the diagnosis of lesions of the luminal gastrointestinal tract, it is sometimes preferable to perform ultrasound prior to barium studies, and hence it is important to recognize this characteristic appearance. PMID- 700314 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. A review of the rewards and indications. AB - Indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) have been poorly defined. We studied the symptoms in 161 patients who underwent ERCP and evaluated the results from four groups of indications: cholestasis, pancreatitis, suspected carcinoma of the pancreas, and pain of unknown etiology. The likelihood of finding abnormalities is discussed. PMID- 700315 TI - Endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography in chronic diseases of the pancreas and in papillary stenoses. AB - The extensive experience of the authors in endoscopic retorgrade pancreaticography is correlated with data in the literature to illustrate the spectrum of characteristic changes and diagnostic accuracy in several entities. These include chronic pancreatitis, calculous pancreatitis, necrotizing lesions and pseudocysts, carcinoma of the pancreas, and papillary stenosis, spasm, and carcinoma. PMID- 700316 TI - Detection of pancreatic pathology by ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - Retrospective evaluation of the results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and pancreatic ultrasonography in identifying those patients with a normal pancreas and those with a pancreatic abnormality revealed ultrasonography to have an overall accuracy of approximately 73%, whereas ERCP had an 85% accuracy, and both modalities had a combined accuracy of 92%. Both procedures were most accurate in the identification of patients with no disease, and both were least accurate in the identification of patients with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 700317 TI - Radiology of papilla of Vater stenosis. AB - The radiographic characteristics of the terminal pancreatic and biliary ducts were analyzed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 25 patients with documented benign stenosis of the papilla of Vater. Demonstration of marked hypertrophy of the distal sphincter, mucosal hyperplasia or mucosal redundancy of the distal common bile duct, dilatation of the ducts, and prolonged retention of contrast media suggest papillary stenosis. The diagnosis of benign papillary stenosis, however, ultimately depends on physiologic measurements and response to therapy. PMID- 700318 TI - Choledochocele: radiologic diagnosis and endoscopic management. AB - A case of choledochocele, missed during exploratory laparotomy but managed by endoscopic biliary surgery, is presented. PMID- 700319 TI - Radiation exposure in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic papillotomy. AB - Radiation exposure was studied in 327 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or endoscopic papillotomy taking into account fluoroscopy time and incident area exposure. The mean fluoroscopy time was 238 +/ 152 seconds and the incident area exposure 3,730 +/- 2,790 R X cm2. These results were compared with standard exposures in upper GI series and colon examinations as found in the literature. PMID- 700320 TI - Hypotonic duodenography. PMID- 700321 TI - Role of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. AB - Tissue cultures were performed on stools from 189 patients to detect a cytopathic toxin which is neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. Specimens satisfying these criteria were considered positive in the tissue culture assay. Stools from 26 of 27 patients with antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis were positive and 16 of these specimens showed toxin titers of 10(-3) dilutions or greater. The tissue culture assay was positive with specimens from 9 of 63 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea without documented pseudomembrane formation. Stools from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls were uniformly negative in this assay. Cultures were performed on stools from 38 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea or colitis to detect clostridia which produce a cytopathic toxin in vitro. Clostridium difficile was recovered from 6 of 8 specimens which were positive in the tissue culture assay and 5 of 30 which were negative in this assay. C. sordellii was recovered in a single specimen. One hundred and nine clostridia strains were tested in the tissue culture assay and C. difficile was the only species which produced a cytopathic toxin. All strains of this organism were positive in the tissue culture assay and, in each instance, cytotoxicity was neutralized by C. sordellii antitoxin. These results indicate that C. difficile is the major cause of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis and offer an explanation for previous studies showing that the cytotoxin of stools from these patients is neutralized by C, sordellii antitoxin. PMID- 700322 TI - Experimentally induced intestinal metaplasia in Wistar rats by X-ray irradiation. AB - The gastric region of 5-week-old female Wistar rats was irradiated daily with 500 rad of X-ray up to a total of six times. Goblet cells and marker enzymes of the small intestine, such as lactase, trehalase, and maltase, appeared in the pyloric region of the glandular stomach of the rats from the 1st week after final irradiation. Intestinal type crypt without Paneth cells was observed from the 8th week. Sucrase activity appeared from the 26th week. Intestinal metaplasia with Paneth cells appeared from the 71st week. The number of goblet cells, intestinal type crypts, and Paneth cells increased with age. Gastric adenocarcinoma did not develop after irradiation. PMID- 700323 TI - Immune responses in human colon cancer. I. Microcytotoxicity assay for measuring killing of adherent human colon cancer cell lines. AB - A short term microcytotoxicity assay system using radioisotope release as an index of target cell damage has been developed to evaluate immune killing of cultured adherent human colon cancer cell lines. Using this assay system, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and spontaneous cell-mediated cytoxicity of adherent human colon cancer cell lines can be assessed in 4 hr or less. An essential step in the development of this system was the successful 51Cr-labeling of human colon cancer target cells with subsequent low spontaneous release. This was achieved through careful attention to cellular growth phase and medium pH during the labeling and assay period. In this microsystem, labeled colon cancer cells spontaneously released 51Cr at a mean rate of 2% per hr during the assay, a level low enough not to obscure specific cytotoxic responses. Complement-dependent cytoxicity was measured most conveniently over a 2-hr period, whereas antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity were optimal when measured over a 4-hr period. PMID- 700324 TI - Comparison of intravenous amino acids in the stimulation of gastric secretion. AB - This study was undertaken to compare the potency of L- and D-isomers of natural amino acids (AA's) infused intravenously for stimulation of gastric acid secretion in 3 dogs with Heidenhain pouches (HP) and gastric fistulae. L-Isomers of all natural AA's were found to stimulate acid secretion from the HP, whereas D isomers were significantly less effective. The most potent L-isomers of AA's were histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, tryptophan, and alanine, which caused an increase in acid output reaching, respectively, 63, 45, 42, 39, and 33% of the maximal response to histamine. The stimulation of acid secretion was not accompanied by any significant change in serum gastrin level. Distention of the HP during intravenous infusion of L-histidine or L-phenylalanie solution caused a pressure-related increase in acid output reaching a peak at 30 cm distention pressure. Decreasing the luminal pH of the HP in sequential order from 7.0 to 2.5 resulted in a stepwise reduction of the HP response to intravenous histidine or phenylalanine, falling at pH 2.5 to about 20% of the peak response achieved at pH 7.0. Metiamide caused a profound reduction of histidine but had only a slight effect on acid secretion induced by intravenous infusion of other AA's suggesting that histidine excites the oxyntic cells mainly through the transformation to histamine and activation of H2-receptors. Atropine also suppressed gastric acid secretion stimulated by intravenous AA infusion, suggesting a role of a cholinergic mechanism in this stimulation. We conclude that L- and, to a lesser degree, D-isomers of natural AA's infused intravenously cause stimulation of gastric acid secretion by a gastrin-independent mechanism sensitive to distention pressure and pH of gastric content. PMID- 700326 TI - Hepatic iron clearance from serum in treated hemochromatosis. AB - Hepatic iron uptake from transferrin has been studied in 7 patients with treated hemochromatosis. When compared with a control group with similar serum iron and transferrin saturation the hemochromatotics had a significantly higher 4-hr iron uptake value. Uptake in the precirrhotic and cirrhotic hemochromatotics was not significantly different, suggesting the existence of a cellular abnormality of hepatic iron metabolism in this disease. The results provide an explanation for the development of siderosis in some patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis and a normal serum iron concentration. PMID- 700325 TI - Effects of somatostatin on the external secretion of the pancreas of the rat. AB - The effects of somatostatin on the secretions of the exocrine pancreas were studied in anesthetized and conscious fistula rats. Somatostatin resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of basal secretion (flow, bicarbonate, protein) in conscious rats. In anesthetized rats, basal secretion was initially augmented by bolus injections of 10 to 50 microgram per kg and was subsequently decreased by venous infusions of somatostatin at 1.5 to 100 microgram.kg-1.hr-1. This inhibition, which was poorly dose dependent, was greater for protein secretion than for that of water and electrolytes. Somatostatin inhibited caerulein stimulated protein secretion by 40 to 50% but had no effect on secretion stimulated by exogenous and endogenous secretin. Somatostatin markedly inhibited secretion stimulated by 2-deoxyglucose and by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves in a dose-dependent fashion (protein and bicarbonate exhibited a maximal inhibition of 85%). Acetylcholine-stimulated secretion was also inhibited by somatostatin, but the maximal inhibitions observed were only 505 for protein and 60% for bicarbonate. These findings agree with the hypothesis that somatostatin infusion leads to both a decrease of acetylcholine release at nerve endings and to a direct inhibition at the level of pancreatic effector cells. PMID- 700327 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen carriers--to biopsy or not to biopsy. AB - In order to assess the frequency of significant liver disease in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers with normal liver tests, 54 such individuals were identified and prospectively followed for 4 to 48 months with monthly liver tests. Upon testing, 4 were found to carry e antigen and 14 carried e antibody (anti-e). During follow-up, only 4 patients, none of whom were e antigen positive, developed persisting abnormalities in liver tests. Of the 23 patients who underwent percutaneous liver biopsies, normal histologies were found in 2, nonspecific changes (ground glass hepatocytes, focal necrosis, fatty changes, etc.) in 18, and chronic persistent hepatitis (with or without other nonspecific changes) in 3. Chronic active hepatitis and/or cirrhosis, lesions which may carry more serious prognostic implications, were not seen in any biopsies. Two of the 4 e antigen-positive patients consented to biopsy, both of whom had chronic persistent hepatitis. All 6 patients with anti-e who underwent biopsy had ground glass hepatocytes, which were found in only about 50% of the remaining patients. It is concluded that hepatitis B surface antigen carriers should be followed with serial liver tests, and those whom tests remain normal should not be considered for liver biopsy. PMID- 700328 TI - Dane particles-associated hepatitis B core antigen in patients with HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis. AB - Dane particles-associated hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was determined by radioimmunoassay in 61 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HGsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis. HBc antigenemia was observed in 61% of patients, especially in those with epidemiological risk factors. Patients with chronic active hepatitis as well as those with chronic persistent hepatitis may have HBc antigenemia. The highest levels of HBcAg were observed in male homosexuals. Follow-up determinations indicate the general tendency of HBcAg to decrease or disappear. HBcAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis had a poor prognosis, whereas HBcAg-negative patients frequently had a favorable clinical course of the disease (P less than 0.001). The assay of HBcAg in the serum of patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis is a useful parameter with both clinical and epidemiological importance. PMID- 700329 TI - Full and empty Dane particles in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: relation to hepatitis B e antigen and presence of liver damage. AB - Circulating complete and defective hepatitis B virus forms, as represented by full, DNA polymerase-positive and empty, DNA polymerase-negative Dane particles, respectively, were investigated in sera from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and related to the presence of e antigen and antibody and to the histological findings on liver biopsy. Complete hepatitis B virus particles were detected in the serum of all patients postive for e antigen, their percentage ranging from 15 to 61% of the total Dane particle population. Although most of these cases had chronic persistent or chronic active hepatitis, complete viral particles were also found in serum of 3 healthy carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen who had e antigen. These results indicate that e antigen is a marker of active virus replication and support its association with infectivity. It is also associated with liver damage because production of complete virus is a feature of chronic hepatitis. In the presence of anti-e, detection of Dane particles in serum appeared to be related to the histological findings. Most of the healthy carriers had no Dane particles in serum, whereas 80% of the cases with chronic liver disease had circulating Dane particles. However, in contrast to the cases with e antigen, 98 to 100% of Dane particles in these cases appeared to be defective in nucleic acid material on electron microscopy after positive staining. All of the patients with chronic active hepatitis in this group had progressed to cirrhosis and it is possible that production of complete virus particles is reduced in the later stages of the illness. PMID- 700330 TI - Liver copper levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of childhood. AB - Liver copper concentration was studied in four groups of age-matched patients and in 9 patients with Wilson's disease of comparable age. Neutron activation analysis of hepatic copper concentration revealed markedly elevated hepatic copper levels, comparable with those in Wilson's disease, in 13 of 15 patients (P less than 0.001) with intrahepatic cholestasis of childhood. In 1 patient, autopsy confirmed very high liver copper values, whereas other tissues, including brain and kidney, gave normal results. Total plasma copper values were elevated in 11 of 13 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of childhood (P less than 0.001); 24-hr urinary copper excretion was normal in 7 of 12 patients and slightly elevated in 5 (P less than 0.001). Kayser-Fleischer rings were sought in 10 patients and were absent. Hepatic copper concentration was not accurately predicted by plasma copper or 24-hr urinary copper. However, increased urinary copper excretion was associated with hepatic copper concentration greater than 250 microgram per g. It is concluded that copper metabolism is abnormal in intrahepatic cholestastis of childhood and can be distinguished from Wilson's disease. If hepatic copper concentration is greater than 250 microgram per g, copper chelation therapy should be considered. PMID- 700331 TI - Nocturnal gallbladder storage and emptying in gallstone patients and healthy subjects. AB - Nocturnal hepatic bile is supersaturated with cholesterol, and increased storage of this "lithogenic" bile in gallstone patients might explain why they more frequently have supersaturated fasting state gallbladder bile than patients without gallstone disease. To test this possibility, we measured the fraction of nocturnal hepatic bile stored in the gallbladder in 5 patients whose gallstones had been previously dissolved by chenodeoxycholic acid, in 5 control subjects without gallstone disease matched for age, sex, and weight, and in 5 young healthy males. We developed a new method based on the use of indocyanine green as a bile marker. The hourly rate of input into the duodenum of indocyanine green was measured during its constant, prolonged intravenous infusion. When gallbladder storage occurred, indocyanine green input was less than the infusion rate; when gallbladder emptying occurred, input exceeded the infusion rate. The method was validated by showing that duodenal output of indocyanine green was identical to intravenous input of indocyanine green in 2 cholecystectomized patients. When the method was applied, emptying of the gallbladder with meals was documented, and calculations showed that more than half of the bile secreted at night bypassed the gallbladder in both gallstone patients and control subjects. No difference in "cholecystodynamics" was observed between gallstone patients, matched control subjects, and young healthy men. Our results validate a method for quantitating gallbladder storage and emptying in men, but fail to support the speculation that an important pathogenetic step in gallstone formation is increased storage of supersaturated nocturnal bile in the gallbladder. PMID- 700333 TI - Etiology of antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 700332 TI - Immunoreactive secretin and exocrine pancreatic secretion. PMID- 700334 TI - Tissue iron distribution in idiopathic hemochromatosis. PMID- 700335 TI - Chronic active hepatitis: are prognostic markers prognostic? PMID- 700336 TI - Cimetidine and prostaglandin prevent damage to gastric mucosa. PMID- 700337 TI - Emotions with motions. PMID- 700338 TI - Bile acid excretion in Dubin-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 700339 TI - Histamine and gastric mucosal damage. PMID- 700340 TI - [Results of routine treatment with Clomiphen (author's transl)]. AB - After 15 years of clinical experiences with Clomiphen treatment it seemed desirable to investigate the efficiency of this kind of therapy under routine conditions in a crowded out-patient clinic. 314 patients treated from 1972--1974 have been included in this study. From 242 sterility patients 730 cycles could be followed. 80.2% were ovulatory, but 23.5% had an insufficient luteal phase and 11.9% of these cycles ended with an anovulatory bleeding. The overall pregnancy rate was 30%. Side-effects were recorded in 4.5% but all of them were harmless, no overstimulation occurred. After discontinuation of Clomiphen therapy 8% of all patients had spontaneous cycles. In 36 patients with eugonadotropic secondary amenorrhea with a total of 115 treatment cycles ovulation was recorded in 58%. Pregnancy rate was 25%, the intensity of treatment 3.1. In 54 patients with anovulatory cycles 156 cycles (72,3%) became ovulatory, pregnancy rate was 24%, the intensity of treatment 3.5. In another group of 19 patients with oligomenorrhea ovulation occurred in 39 of 42 cycles, 4 patients became pregnant. In 108 patients with luteal phase defects in 338 cycles ovulation was found in 90.2%, with 26.6% of these cycles being still insufficient. The pregnancy rate was 18.5%, the intensity of treatment 3.7. 9.8% of these 338 cycles became anovulatory during clomiphen treatment. In 27 patients with "insufficient cycles" in 104 treatment cycles nearly all of them were ovulatory but 20% of them were found to have an insufficient corpus luteum phase. The pregnancy rate was 30%. The highest pregnancy rate was found during the first 3 treatment cycles (26%). It is consequently our policy to treat patients 4 to 6 times with clomiphen and when no pregnancy can be achieved, these patients should be treated with HMG/HCG. 65 of 73 pregnancies were followed, 52 patients were delivered with healthy babies, 12 patients aborted. Of the total number of 54 babies born, 47 were single, 6 were twins, 2 babies were stillborn. The sex ratio (male to female) was 2.2. No malformations were found. In our group of patients other factors besides ovarian dysfunction contributed to the relatively low pregnancy rate. Thus, in 116 out of 244 patients one tube was occluded, while adhesions were found in 99 treated with clomiphen as a diagnostic step to convince the patient, that stimulation of ovarian function will be possible whenever the patient desires to become pregnant. The ovulation rate in this group was 38% in addition 37% responded with anovulatory bleeding, thus, 74% of all patients experienced a positive reaction from their point of view. After discontinuation of clomiphen administration 18% of these patients continued to bleed with (7.5%) or without (10.6%) clinical signs of ovulation. A further observation is the obvious fact that clomiphen therapy free intervals can be interposed without risk of a lower success rate, compared to patients receiving continuous cycle to cycle treatment. PMID- 700341 TI - [The value of determinations of human chorionic gonatrophin, human placental lactogen, progesterone and oestriol in women with threatened abortion (author's transl)]. AB - During the antenatal care of 604 women 1629 blood samples for hormonal tests were collected. The values in 417 women with normal pregnancies were used to establish a normal curve with 99% tolerance for the serum concentrations of human chorionic gonatrophin (HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), progesterone and oestriol. Of the 604 women 187 had bleeding during the first half of the pregnancy. Of these 187 women 57 carried the pregnancy to term and 130 had a miscarriage. Women with the symptoms of threatened abortion who carried the pregnancy to term had normal serum hormone values. The HCG values in this group were higher than normal at the time of bleeding. In 90% of the women with threatened abortion who miscarried prior to 16 weeks gestation (N = 87) and in all patients with a missed abortion (N = 16) 1 or more serum hormone concentrations were below normal. Women with early pregnancy bleeding and late abortion between 17 and 28 weeks (N = 27) showed 1 or more low hormone concentration in only 25% of the cases. Our findings show that the quantitative determination of HCG and progesterone give the most valuable tests for the evaluation of the endocrine system in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the second trimester HCG determinations are of value only in trophoblast disease. To a lesser degree determination of HPL and oestriol are of prognostic value in the second trimester of the pregnancy. PMID- 700342 TI - [The effects and side-effects of the intra-cervical application of prostaglandin F-2 alpha during early pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - In order to avoid the traumatic dilatation of the cervix for therapeutic abortions 200 micrograms of prostaglandin F-2 alpha were injected into the cervix. The effect on dilatation of the cervix was compared with the injection of normal saline in the control group. Without side effects the injection of prostaglandin F-2 alpha resulted in dilatation of the cervix and softening of the cervix. Normal saline had no effect. At present it is unknown whether the dilatory effect of prostaglandin F-2 alpha on the cervix is local or secondary to uterine contractions. PMID- 700343 TI - [The diagnosis of the tubal factor in the treatment of infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 700344 TI - [Comparative studies on the termination of intact and disturbed pregnancies by intramuscular application of 15(s)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha (author's transl)]. AB - 15(S)-15-Methyl-Prostaglandin F2alpha was applied intramuscular to end 27 intact pregnancies mainly in the second trimenon and to induce abortion in 5 cases of disturbed pregnancy. The results showed a similar success of 90 percent in the cases of interruptions compared with the natural prostaglandins applied either extra- or intraamniotic; in the mean induction-abortion-interval of 16 hours the 15(S)-15-Methyl-Prostaglandin F2alpha is better than natural prostaglandins. It is much simpler to apply, the dosage is less. The initial dose is 250 mcg intramuscular, further doses depend on the success achieved, the effect on the bowel activity may be used as indicator. The intramuscular method avoids complications connected with the intraamniotic application, infections of the intracervical catheter lying for a long time and the severe side effects of the intravenous application. In cases of missed abortion and hydatidiform moles, where the use of natural prostaglandins is problematic, the use of 15(S)-15 Methyl-Prostaglandin F2alpha is a progress in this form of therapy. PMID- 700345 TI - [Cervical smears in women under 30 years age (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given about the results of cytological examinations of cervical smears taken from women under 30 years age living in smaller towns or rural areas. Of 113 585 smears taken between 1968 and 1977 11 717 (10,35%) belonged to the mentioned age group. 29 smears were pathological. When examined histologically 19 (0,15%) showed a carcinoma in situ or a microcarcinoma. The situation in smaller towns or rural areas is the same as in urban areas. In respect of these findings the authors are asking for routinely screening of women between 20 and 30 years of age. PMID- 700346 TI - [The role scalene node biopsy in the treatment in carcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)]. AB - Of 75 scalene node biopsies 18 (24%) were positive. In 56 metastasizing carcinomas of the cervix 11 (20%) scalene node biopsies were positive. In primary inoperable cases (57%) or in recurrent spreading cases (54%) of carcinoma of the cervix the scalene node biopsy is valuable for the treatment plan. Irrespective of treatment the patients with metastases to the scalene node survived a mean of 10--11 months. The scalene node biopsy has few complications (6.7%). In the less than 3% carcinomas of the cervix confined to metastases in the lesser pelvis, the scalene node biopsy is not necessary. 2/3 of the prescalene lymph node metastases can be palpated by an experienced examinar. PMID- 700347 TI - [Desire for therapeutic abortion in the dependents of foreign workers. Outpatients psychiatric evaluation (author's transl)]. AB - The change in paragraph 218 of the criminal code regarding abortion was responsible for new guidelines for the psychiatric evaluation regarding a therapeutic abortion is reported. The commonest indications were medical reasons such as exhaustion, and reactive depression. There was one case of schizophrenia, one case of affective psychosis, two attempted suicides, twenty reactive depressions, one character disorder, and one case of cerebral seizures. Five applications were approved. The follow-up evaluation of the women with the approved and dismissed applications for therapeutic abortions showed no physical or psychic abnormalities. A comparison with 88 German applicants showed similar results. The stringent evaluation of applications for therapeutic abortion is still necessary even after the change of the law. PMID- 700348 TI - [Influence on haemostasis exercised by Prostaglandin F2alpha in missed abortion (author's transl)]. AB - The changes in the coagulation and the fibrinolytic system which may be related to the dead fetus syndrome indicate an interference of the activation of both coagulation and fibrinolysis. During termination of missed abortion and missed labour disorders of the haemostasis may occur acutely. In 16 patients with intrauterine death coagulation studies were performed inducing labour with PgF2alpha intraamniotically or i.v. No essentiel changes in the plasmatic system of coagulation and fibrinolysis were found. After i.a. application of PgF2alpha, the ADP- and collagen-induced as well as the spontaneous platelet aggregation didn't change. Using PgF2alpha i.v. a diminuation of the initially increased platelet aggregation was found in all parameters, whereas desaggregation was increased. These changes may influence an already existing latent consumption of coagulation factors in a favourable way. A further advantage of prostaglandins consists in the fact that smaller traumata occur, compared with curettage, so the possibility of liberation of thrombo-plastic material is reduced. PMID- 700349 TI - [The diagnosis of fetal atrio-ventricular block (author's transl)]. AB - The case is reported of a primigravida who was found to have a fetal bradycardia of 70 per minute. A caesarean section was done with the differential diagnosis intrauterine hypoxia or fetal arrhythmia. The infant was found to have a single ventricle, single atrium, a hypoplastic aortic arch and a coartation of the aorta. The infant died neonatally.--The case was reported to emphasize the necessity of fetal electrocardiography in continual antenatal monitoring to rule out an atrio-ventricular block prior to caesarean section. PMID- 700350 TI - Effect of treatment with phenobarbital on rates of synthesis of rat liver nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. PMID- 700351 TI - Effects of hexachlorophene on the metabolism of glucose and glutamate in rat brain. PMID- 700352 TI - Effect of acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication on the lipid peroxidation and the enzymes of the peroxide metabolism of rat tissues. PMID- 700353 TI - Solubilization of chicken brain cholinesterase, separation and characterization of molecular forms. PMID- 700354 TI - Biochemical studies oylation of chromatin proteins. PMID- 700355 TI - Action of dibenzofurans and naphthalenes on intestinal solute transport and fluid transfer in mice. PMID- 700356 TI - Actions of hallucinogens on ants (Formica pratensis)--I. Brain levels of LSD and the following oral administration. PMID- 700357 TI - Actions of hallucinogens on ants (Formica pratensis)--II. Effects of amphetamine, LSD and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. PMID- 700358 TI - As the elderly population grows larger, the ranks of retired increase. PMID- 700359 TI - Post-MI: to stress or not to stress. PMID- 700360 TI - Glaucoma: how to treat and when to refer. PMID- 700361 TI - How to treat hemorrhoids: five nonsurgical alternatives. PMID- 700362 TI - Identifying and treating bacterial and fungal infections of the skin. PMID- 700363 TI - How to manage colovesical fistula. PMID- 700364 TI - Vitamin C therapy: colds, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 700365 TI - [Industrial hygiene problems in the cable manufacture of rubber-insulated wires in continuous vulcanization units]. PMID- 700366 TI - [Hygienic problems in relation to the use of methylmercaptophos in hop growing]. PMID- 700368 TI - [Orthostatic test in evaluating the regimen and effectiveness of student Sunday relaxation]. PMID- 700367 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the intellectual work of schoolchildren at their lessons]. PMID- 700369 TI - [Rational combination of study and training exercises in the education of young soccer players]. PMID- 700370 TI - [Physiological bases for a study of the mechanism of action on the body of desalinized drinking water]. PMID- 700371 TI - [Evaluation of prospective methods of obtaining desalinized water for a centralized domestic drinking water supply]. PMID- 700372 TI - [Hygienic bases and the practical realization of a plan for a water conservation zone for the Lake Baikal basin]. PMID- 700374 TI - [Immunological effects of the action of microwaves]. PMID- 700373 TI - [Determination of the safe levels of N-nitrosamine carcinogens in water]. PMID- 700375 TI - [Hygienic research on synthetic polyamide materials and the clothes made of them]. PMID- 700376 TI - [State of the cardiovascular and nervous systems from the use of individual meand of protection]. PMID- 700377 TI - [Problems of deontology in the training of the health officer]. PMID- 700378 TI - [Prospects for the growth of demands for environmental protection in the technical standards documentation on industrial processes and equipment,]. PMID- 700379 TI - [Method of studying the effect of atmospheric pollution on the health of workers]. PMID- 700380 TI - [Determination of antimony in the air and biomedia by a fluorescence x-ray radiometric method]. PMID- 700382 TI - [Characteristics of experimental hygienic research into polymeric materials]. PMID- 700381 TI - [Determination of the residues of the benzyl and polyethylene glycol esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water by a gas-liquid chromatographic method]. PMID- 700383 TI - [Methodological approaches to the hygienic evaluation of shoes made of polymeric materials]. PMID- 700384 TI - [Human gas metabolism study using an improved design of gas analyzer]. PMID- 700386 TI - [Few suggestions for evaluating the ways of introducing and effectiveness of hygienic measures]. PMID- 700385 TI - [Determination of alpha emitters in liquid media]. PMID- 700387 TI - [Problem of the "biological norm" as applied to the tasks of hygienic standards setting]. PMID- 700388 TI - [Hygienic aspects of seed dressing in agriculture using the PS-10 unit]. PMID- 700389 TI - [Current problems of environmental hygiene]. PMID- 700390 TI - [Modelling the self-purification process as 1 of the technics of predicting the sanitary conditions of a reservoir]. PMID- 700391 TI - [Establishing the maximum permissible concentration of 2-hydroxy-3,6 dichlorobenzoic acid in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 700392 TI - [Size of the sanitary protective zone in sawmills]. PMID- 700393 TI - [Physiological and hygienic properties of clothing according to data from a subjective assessment of the human thermal state]. PMID- 700396 TI - [The tubal factor in sterility. Analytic study of 106 cases]. PMID- 700395 TI - [Consequences and psychological interactions associated with salpingoclasia]. PMID- 700394 TI - [Clinical study of 425 couples soliciting vasectomies]. PMID- 700397 TI - [Anencephaly. Analysis of 12 cases]. PMID- 700398 TI - [Changes of the internal milieu in pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 700399 TI - [Determination of fetal hemoglobin in amniocentesis contaminated with blood]. PMID- 700400 TI - [New therapeutic dimension in endometriosis: isoxazole]. PMID- 700401 TI - [Prognostic value of the hitopathological study of the umbilical cord in premature rupture of membranes]. PMID- 700402 TI - [Control of hemorrhage in cervix uteri conization. Personal technic]. PMID- 700403 TI - [Medicosocial projection of perinatal medicine]. PMID- 700404 TI - [New concepts related to implantation. I. Preimplantation period]. PMID- 700405 TI - [Analysis of 1083 chain urethrocystographies]. PMID- 700406 TI - [Prospective analysis of pudendal block]. PMID- 700407 TI - [Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid during the human menstrual cycle]. PMID- 700408 TI - [Behavior of phospholipids of the amniotic fluid in diabetes and pregnancy]. PMID- 700409 TI - [Principles and methodological approaches to the experimental study of the action of industrial poisons on the heart and vessels]. PMID- 700410 TI - [Probabilities in evaluating the action of a poison on the body]. PMID- 700411 TI - [Setting standards for multicomponent chemical compositions possessing sensitizing action in the air]. PMID- 700412 TI - [Blastomogenic activity of aniline dyes and the registering of carcinogens in the tissues]. PMID- 700413 TI - [Toxicological and hygienic interpretation of complexes of the volatile components of new epoxy resins using multifactor mathematical analysis]. PMID- 700414 TI - [Establishing the maximum permissible concentration of resinous substances in the air of a work area]. PMID- 700416 TI - [Changes in muscle bioelectrical activity in maintaining a work posture sitting]. PMID- 700415 TI - [Pathogenic action of coal dust depending on its dispersed makeup]. PMID- 700418 TI - [Results of research into the occupational pathology of machinery operators in the forest industry of Tomsk Province]. PMID- 700417 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in those working with ultrasonic defectoscopes in industry]. PMID- 700419 TI - [Effect of levomycetin and its syntheic semiproducts on intestinal microflora]. PMID- 700420 TI - [Effect of working conditions on the functional state of the liver in workers at large-tonnage polystyrene works]. PMID- 700421 TI - [Case of acute 2,4-D herbicide poisoning (late sequelae)]. PMID- 700422 TI - [Working conditions and morbidity among the workers of the Raichikhinsk Glass Plant]. PMID- 700423 TI - [Determination of acenaphthene in air]. PMID- 700424 TI - [Radiotelepulsotachometer]. PMID- 700425 TI - [Quantitative determination of a chromatogram of organochlorine pesticides using the MF-2 microphotometer]. PMID- 700426 TI - [Case of aplasia of the lung]. PMID- 700427 TI - [Various problems of diagnosis and treatment of tumors and cysts of the mediastinum]. PMID- 700428 TI - [Doubling of the mitral valve]. PMID- 700429 TI - [Surgical treatment of acquired heart defects]. PMID- 700431 TI - [Possibilities of transatrial mitral commissurotomy from the right-side approach by means of a dilator on a flexible rope]. PMID- 700432 TI - [Heart tumors]. PMID- 700433 TI - [Surgical correction of total abnormal drainage of the pulmonary veins of rare localization]. PMID- 700430 TI - [Functional outcomes of heart valve prosthesis]. PMID- 700434 TI - [Acquired deformity (kinking) of the pulmonary artery after interarterial anastomoses in young children with tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 700435 TI - [Jugular-femoral shunting in the vena cava superior syndrome]. PMID- 700436 TI - [Functional-morphological evaluation of a new operation of application of azygos pulmonary anastomosis]. PMID- 700437 TI - [Shifting of the diaphragm during surgery of the lungs and pleura]. PMID- 700438 TI - [Complex therapy of suppurative processes in the lungs by using large doses of antibiotics]. PMID- 700439 TI - [Current principles of treatment of nonspecific empyema]. PMID- 700440 TI - [Surgical aspects of chronic segmental (deforming) bronchitis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 700441 TI - [Repeated operations in heart valve diseases]. PMID- 700442 TI - [Results and perspectives of surgical treatment of esophageal atresia]. PMID- 700443 TI - [Cord serum IgM and the diagnosis of intrauterine infection]. PMID- 700444 TI - [Zinc, magnesium and calcium in human semen and in prostatic function]. PMID- 700445 TI - [Carcinoma of the cervical stump in Jewish women in Israel]. PMID- 700446 TI - [Day surgery program for children]. PMID- 700447 TI - [Local treatment of psoriatic nails with 5-fluorouracil]. PMID- 700448 TI - [Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]. PMID- 700449 TI - [Carpometacarpal joint dislocation]. PMID- 700450 TI - [Treatment of male pseudohermaphroditism]. PMID- 700451 TI - [Maffucci's syndrome]. PMID- 700452 TI - [Amebic liver abscess in a Beduin child]. PMID- 700453 TI - [Bilateral total hip replacement in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 700454 TI - [Pancreatic carcinoma producing chorionic gonadotropin]. PMID- 700455 TI - [Questions on sexuality by 13-18 year olds]. PMID- 700456 TI - [Neurological disturbances in chronic respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 700457 TI - [Recent developments in heart surgery]. PMID- 700458 TI - [Dopamine]. PMID- 700459 TI - [The influence of gastrin on the secretion of acid before and after vagotomy]. PMID- 700460 TI - [The influence of the climate in Israel on asthmatic patients]. PMID- 700461 TI - [The importance of caution in topical steroid treatment]. PMID- 700462 TI - [Determination of fetal biparietal diameter by ultrasonic scanning in the assessment of the fetus and the outcome of pregnancy]. PMID- 700463 TI - [Intermittent cauda equina claudication]. PMID- 700464 TI - [Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the ilium in children]. PMID- 700465 TI - [Control of massive hepatic bleeding by ligation of right hepatic artery]. PMID- 700466 TI - [Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (author's transl)]. PMID- 700468 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 700467 TI - [Unusual course of mumps meningo-encephalitis]. PMID- 700470 TI - [Examination of immune complexes in serum]. PMID- 700469 TI - [The function of phagocytes and cyclic nucleotides]. PMID- 700471 TI - [Bartter's syndrome]. PMID- 700472 TI - [Skin granulomata caused by a new microorganism (Mycobacterium haemophilum sp. nov.)]. PMID- 700473 TI - [Nebi Mussa: a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 700474 TI - [Surgical treatment of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 700475 TI - [Effect of chronic stress on spermiogenesis in mature mice]. PMID- 700476 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of psychiatric combat reactions]. PMID- 700477 TI - [Induction of dreams by levodopa]. PMID- 700478 TI - [Clinical evaluation of greyscale ultrasonography]. PMID- 700479 TI - [Idiopathic edema after excessive use of laxatives]. PMID- 700480 TI - [Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia]. PMID- 700481 TI - [Eye injuries due to explosion of carbonated drink bottles]. PMID- 700482 TI - [Diffuse osteosclerosis complicating hemodialysis]. PMID- 700483 TI - [Abdominal lymphoma as a late complication of celiac disease]. PMID- 700484 TI - [Parathyroid adenoma associated with nonmedullary carcinoma of the thyroid]. PMID- 700485 TI - [Complications following treatment of ACTH-dependent Cushing's disease]. PMID- 700488 TI - [Implications of female sex hormones administration during pregnancy]. PMID- 700487 TI - [C-reactive protein]. PMID- 700486 TI - [Drug treatment of hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 700489 TI - [Immunological aspects of breast feeding]. PMID- 700490 TI - [Suppression of lactation by estrogens]. PMID- 700491 TI - [Combined method for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 700492 TI - [Malabsorption complication hypoparathyroidism in thalassemia major]. PMID- 700493 TI - [Spurious hyponatremia in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 700494 TI - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]. PMID- 700495 TI - [Rapidly progressing renal failure due to malignant nephrosclerosis]. PMID- 700496 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the cecum presenting as incarcerated inguinal hernia]. PMID- 700497 TI - [Diffuse esophageal spasm]. PMID- 700498 TI - [Hepatocellular jaundice due to erythromycin estolate]. PMID- 700499 TI - [Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 700500 TI - [24, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol]. PMID- 700501 TI - [New thoughts in the approach to traumatic splenectomy]. PMID- 700502 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of digitalis preparations]. PMID- 700503 TI - [Perhexilene maleate--a new drug for the treatment of angina pectoris]. PMID- 700505 TI - 125I-labeled cell surface as a marker in preparation of microsome fraction by gel filtration. AB - The microsomal fraction was isolated from homogenate of 125I-labeled leukemia L 1210 ascites cells by filtration of postmitochondrial supernatant through a Sepharose 4 B column. It was found that the particles are labeled with iodine and show 5'-nucleotidase activity suggesting the presence of cell membranes in the fraction. The soluble proteins fraction were retarded on the column showed lactate dehydrogenase activity, and low activity of soluble beta-D-glucuronidase. PMID- 700504 TI - Changes in the relative amount of surface antigens on the living cells after treatment with insoluble protease derivatives. AB - Relative amount of surface antigen was compared on L 1210 leukaemia cells treated with soluble or insoluble derivatives of trypsin and papain. Trypsin or trypsin insoluble derivative do not change the amount of antigen significantly as compared with control. However, papain insoluble derivative decrease the relative amount of antigen within 45 min to the value of 0.43 or 0.55 respectively as compared with the control specimen. PMID- 700506 TI - Stereologic analysis of mitochondria of hepatocyte from fasted rats in the course of digestion. AB - Changes of the configurational states of the rat's hepatocyte mitochondria after 18 hours fasting and then one, two, three, four hours after feeding were investigated with stereological methods. Among others morphometric parameters coefficient of share (E) was introduced to express external or internal mitochondrial compartment volume per unit of surface area of the internal membrane. For parameters variation analysis Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Application of stereological methods reveals subtle changes lying beyond the power of visual observation and make possible the recognition of ultrastructural configuration of mitochondria in hepatocyte in the course of fasting and digestion connected with the various metabolic state. PMID- 700507 TI - On the application of thalidomide as a block of functional groups of proteins in histochemical investigations. AB - An attempt was made to apply thalidomide as a block of functional protein groups in histochemical investigations. It was found that thalidomide slightly oxidizes thyrosine and blocks the SH groups mainly in the cytoplasm of rat liver. Contrary to N-ethyl-maleimide, thalidomide does not block the SH groups irreversible, and they can be reactivated with BAL. It is suggested that the teratogenic effect of thalidomide can be connected with the possibility of inactivation of the SH groups by this compound. PMID- 700508 TI - The influence of pharmacological agents on the accumulation of egzogenic noradrenalin in nervous tissue cultivated in vitro. I. Effect of desipramine. AB - The authors investigated absorption of noradrenalin by neurons and glia cells cultivated in vitro. Material was taken from locus coreuleus of 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 days old rats. On the basis of observations, the authors found out that absorption of egzogenic noradrenalin changes with the growth of animals. In animals less than 24 days old, noradrenalin is absorbed not only by neurons but also by glia cells. Desipramin affects the egzogenic noradrenalin absorption clearly over the 12th day of life. PMID- 700509 TI - Approximative molecular weight of the active component in toxoplasmin. AB - The approximative molecular weight of toxoplasmin -- a skin reactive extract from Toxoplasma gondii -- was estimated by ultrafiltration through different Amicon membranes. The activity of the filtered and unfiltered product was compared with the aid of intradermal test on humans. The results indicate that the molecular weight of an active component in toxoplasmin is in the range from 10 000 to 50 000. PMID- 700510 TI - [Effects of various drugs on the lipolytic actions caused by catecholamines and methylxanthine derivatives in white adipose tissues. 1. Effects of procaine and xylocaine (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of procaine and xylocaine on the lipolytic actions caused by catecholamines and methylxanthine derivatives in white adipose tissues from rats were investigated. Both procaine and xylocaine remarkably inhibited the lipolyses caused by norepinephrine, epinephrine, caffeine and theophylline. Xylocaine inhibited the lipolysis more strongly than procaine, and also inhibited the basal lipolysis. The inhibition by either procaine or xylocaine appeared 60 minutes after the addition of the norepinephrine-induced lipolytic action. The antilipolytic action of procaine was evident in medium containing 2 mM EDTA instead of Ca2+, and its antilipolytic action was accelerated by increasing Ca2+ concentration in the medium. From these positive results, we suggest that both procaine and xylocaine have an antilipolytic effect, and this effect is closely dependent on the Ca2+ concentration in the medium. PMID- 700511 TI - [Pharmacological properties of N-(3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N 5'), a new anti-atopic agent. (3).--Influence on homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mediated by homocytotropic antibody (author's transl)]. AB - N-5' shows a potent inhibitory action on the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats mainly through the inhibition of histamine release from mast cells. The present experiment was an attempt to clarify in detail the pharmacological properties of N-5'. Inhibition of PCA was most potent at 30 or 60 min pretreatment with N-5', and negligible at 240 min pretreatment. Given p.o., N 5' produced a dose-dependent, potent inhibitory action at 30-min pretreatment. On the other hand, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) had little effect on PCA when given orally. On the case of i.v. administration, N-5' (20 mg/kg) and DSCG (5 mg/kg) showed a most potent inhibition of PCA at 5 min pretreatment. The inhibitory action of DSCG was, however, shorter lasting than that of N-5'. Median effective doses (ED50) of DSCG and N-5' on the PCA were estimated to be 0.79 and 8.8 mg/kg i.v., respectively. Inhibitory activity of N-5' in the adrenalectomized rat did not differ from that in sham operated animals. N-5' had a more potent inhibitory action on the PCA in infant rats than in adults. Inhibitory activity of N-5' in the case of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of successive administration was equipotent to that with a single administration. PMID- 700512 TI - [Pharmacological properties of N-(3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N 5'), a new anti-atopic agent. (4).--Anti-inflammatory activity of N-5' (author's transl)]. PMID- 700513 TI - [Effects of diazepam on evoked potential recorded from basal medial amygdaloid nucleus, lateral hypothalamus and midbrain reticular formation (author's transl)]. AB - The evoked potential in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) recorded by stimulation of basal medial amygdaloid nucleus (Abm) showed a triphasic pattern and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i. p.) decreased the late component. The evoked potential in the midbrain reticular formation (MRF) recorded by stimulation of Abm showed a fast component with a relatively short latency followed by a biphasic late component and diazepam decreased the late component. Though the evoked potential in the Abm recorded by stimulation of LH showed a triphasic pattern, diazepam had no influence on the amplitude. Diazepam increased markedly the amplitude of evoked potential in the MRF recorded by stimulation of LH. Diazepam was ineffective on the evoked potential in the Abm recorded by stimulation of MRF. Diazepam decreased markedly the late component of evoked potential in the LH recorded by stimulation of MRF. These results suggest that the depression of emotional behavior by diazepam may be particularly related to the fact that the evoked potential in the LH recorded by stimulation of Abm was decreased by diazepam. PMID- 700514 TI - [Effects of gamma-oryzanol and atropine on gastric secretion stimulated by insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (author's transl)]. AB - The inhibitory effects of gamma-oryzanol and atropine on the gastric secretion were studied using insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose as vagal stimulants. Pretreatment with gamma-oryzanol (100 mg/kg, s.c., once daily x 5) depressed the gastric secretion stimulated by insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose, but the potency was less than that with atropine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). gamma-Oryzanol had no effect on decrease in the serum glucose level or on increase in the gastrin level induced by insulin injection, while atropine enhanced these responses. From these results, it is considered that the inhibitory action of gamma-oryzanol on gastric secretion may be due to depression of the vagus system but the mode of action is different from that of atropine. PMID- 700515 TI - [Mechanisms of contraction and relaxation in the response to 5'hydroxytriptamine of isolated rat ileum (author's transl)]. AB - The action of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the rat ileum was analysed pharmacologically. In the isolated rat ileum, either mono or biphasic contraction was induced depending on the concentrations of 5-HT. The former was induced by lower concentrations of 5-HT (less than 6.25 X 10(-7)M) and the latter by higher concentrations of 5-HT (greater than 2.5 X 10 (-6)M). The monophasic contraction and the tonic contraction in response to 5-HT were blocked by methysergide (MTG). The phasic contraction in response to 5-HT after inhibition of muscular receptor with MTG was potentiated by physostigmine and blocked by mecamylamine (MC) or tetrodo-toxin (TTX). The response to 5-HT changed from a contraction to a relaxation by preincubation with MTG plus hyoscine. The relaxation was inhibited by TTX but not by MC and such was provoked even in the ileum from rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. Therefore, the inhibitory neuronal receptor for 5-HT does not appear to belong to the adrenergic nervous system. At lower concentrations of 5-HT, relaxation was induced with MTG which was only partially inhibited by TTX. These results indicate that the stimulatory response to 5-HT were caused by activations of muscular receptors and of intramural parasympathetic ganglion cells while inhibitory responses were caused by activations of non-adrenergic inhibitory nerve terminals and of non-neuronal elements. PMID- 700516 TI - [Pharmacological studies on supersensitization (IV). Site and mode of action of cocaine to potentiate acetylcholine in isolated tracheal preparation of rat (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of cocaine on acetylcholine-induced contracture of isolated rat tracheal preparation were determined. The sensitivity of the preparation to acetylcholine but not methacholine and carbachol was increased by cocaine. The maximum responses induced by choline esters were not augmented by cocaine. The potentiation of acetylcholine was remarkable in calcium-deficient medium and cocaine augmented acetylcholine-contracture of the preparation suspended in calcium-free Tyrode solution. Calcium-contracture of the preparation susspended in isotonic 60 mM- or 100 mM-K+ Locke-Ringer solution was not augmented by cocaine. Extrapolating the time course of decrease in acetylcholine-contracture in calcium-free Tyrode solution, rates of calcium movement from and into calcium stores were determined and it was found that cocaine did not change the calcium content and rate of calcium-efflux but the rate of calcium-uptake was apparently increased with cocaine. The contribution of anticholinesterase activity of cocaine to potentiation of acetylcholine appeared negligible and the affinity of acetylcholine-receptor to acetylcholine and atropine was not changed with cocaine. Thus, cocaine increases acetylcholine-induced calcium-release and potentiates acetylcholine-contracture of isolated rat tracheal preparation. PMID- 700517 TI - [Effects of oral hypoglycemic agents, gliclazide and tolbutamide, on the cardiovascular system (author's transl)]. AB - Recent clinical studies have suggested an association of tolbutamide (TB) therapy with an increased incidence of cardiovascular deaths. In this study, the effects of a newly synthetized hypoglycemic agent, gliclazide (GC), on the cardiovascular system were investigated, and compared with those of TB. Results are as follows: GC was found to be about ten times as active as TB in decreasing blood glucose in rabbits. GC and TB produced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure and little change in heart rate in rats and rabbits. In driven left rat and rabbit atria, these agents produced a positive inotropic effect. The positive inotropic effects of these drugs were not altered by pretreatment with propranolol, or theophylline. These agents produced little change in the rate in spontaneous beating rat, rabbit and guinea pig atria. Higher doses produced a slightly negative chronotropic response. Neither agent potentiated the intropic effects of isoproterenol on the rabbit and guinea pig left atria. In isolated perfused working rabbit hearts, these compounds produced a slight decrease in coronary flow. It is concluded that GC and TB possess positive inotropic effects on isolated atria, and these effects are not mediated either through adrenergic mechanisms or the cyclic AMP system. PMID- 700518 TI - [Pharmacological actions of timepidium bromide on the motility of visceral smooth muscles and the secretion of digestive juice in experimental animals (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of timepidium bromide (TB) on the motility of various smooth muscles and the secretion of digestive juice were examined and the activity was compared with those of hyoscine-N-butylbromide (HB) and atropine sulfate (Atr). In dogs, TB inhibited the spontaneous and bethanechol-induced motility of various regions of the gastrointestinal tract, the activity being almost the same as that of Atr but stronger than that of HB. All these drugs exhibited a similar inhibitory effect on the motility of the gallbladder. On the contrary, the inhbitory effect of TB on the spontaneous motion of urinary bladder was somewhat weaker than those of HB and Atr, while this effect on the bethanechol-induced motility was nearly equal the effects of HB and Atr. It was also evident that TB inhibited the gastric acid secretion induced by bethanechol: the activity was stronger than that of HB, while it was weaker than that of Atr. Similar effects on the gastric acid secretion were also found in rats. In the case of salivary secretion, however, TB and HB produced much weaker inhibitory actions than Atr. TB even at a higher dose produced little significant effect on the pancreatic and biliary secretion of rats. The uterine contraction induced by methacholine was inhibited by all these drugs. The mydriatic activity of TB in mice was found to be the weakest among the drugs tested. PMID- 700520 TI - [Studies on the influsion speed and acute toxicity of amino acid solutions in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Relationships between the infusion speed and lethal dose of several amino acid solutions of various concentrations were studied in male Sprague Dawley rats. When the amino acid solutions were continuously infused at various speeds, a functional relationship between the dose producing a cardiac arrest (DCA) and infusion speed was established. The DCA/infusion speed was characterized by two ranges with an increasing DCA as increase or decrease of infusion speed and by its intermediate range of a flat minimum with a practically constant DCA regardless of varying the infusion speed. A practically constant LD50 was obtained in the infusion of each amino acid solution within the infusion speed in the intermediate range. The LD50 of each amino acid solution was dependent on the crystalloid osmotic pressure. PMID- 700519 TI - [Action of 4-amino-alpha-](tertbutylamino) methyl]-3, 5-dichlorobenzylalchol hydrochloride (N-AB 365, clenbuterol) on the respiratory system (author's transl)]. AB - The bronchodilating effect and other related pharmacological properties of N-AB 365 were studied in comparison with those of isoproterenol, salbutamol and clorprenaline. N-AB 365 was found to produce a bronchodilating effect 1/20 approximately 1/100, 1/10 approximately 1/40 and was 2 to 5 times as strong as effects of isoproterenol, salbutamol and clorprenaline, respectively. The bronchodilating effect of N-AB 365 was sustained more than 10 times as long as those of isoproterenol and salbutamol, and in particular with oral administration, was much more potent. The bronchodilating effect of N-AB 365 seems to be due mainly to excitation of the adrenergic beta2-receptor and partially to papaverine-like action. N-AB 365 showed an inhibitory effect on experimentally induced bronchial asthma by spraying of bronchoconstrictors and the effect by oral administration was much stronger than those of isoproterenol and salbutamol. N-AB 365 affected neither the volume output of respiratory tract fluid nor the tracheal ciliary movement with the doses around ED50 in bronchodilating action, however, it increased ciliary activity and decreased the volume output of respiratory tract fluid with large doses. Antitussive effect was also demonstrated only with the large doses. N-AB 365 induced a moderate decrease in blood pressure through vasodilatation but did not influence respiration. The effect of N-AB 365 on heart rate varied. There were cases of no change, slight increase or slight decrease in heart rate. PMID- 700521 TI - [Simple and easy method for measurement of ambulatory activity in mice (author's transl)]. AB - A hand-made apparatus which is easily manipulative, cheap, durable and clean was used to measure ambulatory activity of a mouse. The apparatus was assembled with the same type of two plastic round basins commercially available (25 cm in diameter) put one upon another. A pivot was fixed at the center of the outsurface of the inner basin (A), and its open end was inserted into the open socket fixed at the center on the bottom of the outer basin (B). Three microswitches equipped on the brim of (B) at equal intervals were activated and the counts were recorded according to the tiltings of (A) through the movements of the mouse. In order to examine accuracy of the measurement, effects of d-amphetamine (1.25 approximately 5.0 mg/kg), methamphetamine (1.0 approximately 4.0 mg/kg), cocaine (10 approximately 40 mg/kg) and morphine (5.0 approximately 20.0 mg/kg) on the ambulatory activity were investigated. Marked accelerating effects were observed dose dependently after the administrations of all the drugs. Furthermore, the patterns of the activity showed characteristic properties of each drug. This method is especially useful to measure the acute effect of drugs on the ambulatory activity in mice, and many units can be set up at the same time. PMID- 700522 TI - [Persistent erection in thiamine deficient rats (author's transl)]. AB - Male Wistar rats weighing 75 to 85 g and maintained on a thiamine deficient diet for 33 days showed growth inhibition with the principal manifestation of significant weight loss from about the 28 day of experimental feeding. Symptoms of polyneuritis were also evident. On the 20th day of feeding and thereafter, rats on the thiamine deficient diet had a persistent erection. This was observed in 7% of the rats on a thiamine deficient group on day 20, 30.7% on day 25, 63.6% on day 30, and 100% on day 33. Effects of thiamine hydrochloride, in a single dose of 1 mg/kg given subcutaneously on the symptoms of thiamine deficiency were investigated. The treated rats recovered from the polyneuritic symptoms, and persistent erection disappeared in one out of 5 rats on the 3rd day and in 2 more rats on the 7th day. Persistent erection disappeared completely in rats maintained on a thiamine sufficient diet 3 days after single subcutaneous administration of thiamine HCl. These observations suggest that persistent erection was brought on as a consequence of thiamine deficiency. PMID- 700523 TI - Spontaneous segregation of a heterozygous diploid of Aspergillus niger. AB - A case of spontaneous segregation of a heterozygous diploid was observed with Aspergillus niger, giving rise to a somatic recombinant. Assuming an independence of markers, its genotype is suggested to be brw+lys pab+brw lys+pab. PMID- 700525 TI - Microcycle sporulation in the Claviceps purpurea 244. AB - The mutant strain Claviceps purpurea 244 forming hyphae composed mainly from sclerotium-like cells was found to sporulate both in liquid and solid media, particularly in the form of terminal chlamydospores (4.0 x 6.5 micrometer). Chlamydospores produced during submerged cultivation germinated, new chlamydospores being formed directly from germ tubes, or, occasionally, conidia (the so-called microcycle) or new vegetative mycelium were formed. The ultrastructures of the chlamydospores and vegetative cells was identical. The cytoplasm was filled with ribosomes and contained lipid inclusions and vacuoles with membrane invaginations. Strain 244 cultivated under submerged conditions produced 150 microgram/ml clavins, with elymoclavin predominating (82%). The parent strain Claviceps pururea 129 only produced chlamydospores on the vegetative mycelium, whereas no microcycle was detected; under submerged conditions it produced mainly agroclavin (85%) at a concentration of 4 mg/ml. PMID- 700524 TI - Xylan-degrading activity in yeasts: growth on xylose, xylan and hemicelluloses. AB - The ability to grow in liquid media with D-xylose, xylan from decidous trees, and hemicelluloses from conifers was tested in 95 strains of 35 genera of yeasts and yeast-like organisms. Of 54 strains thriving on xylose, only 13 (genera Aureobasidium, Cryptococcus and Trichosporon) utilized xylan and hemicelluloses as growth substrates. The arowth media of these strains were found to contain xylan-degrading enzymes splitting the substrate to xylose and a mixture of xylose oligosaccharides. The ability of these yeasts to utilize the wood components (hitherto unknown in the genus Crytococcus) makes them potential producers of microbial proteins from industrial wood wastes containing xylose oligosaccharides, xylan, and hemicelluloses as the major saccharide components without previous saccharification. PMID- 700526 TI - Inhibition of Tritrichomonas foetus by vermiculine in vitro. AB - The macrolide aglycosidic antibiotic vermiculine, added to the cultivation medium to a concentration of 30 micogram/ml, has an in vitro inhibitory effect on Tritrichomonas foetus. The agent interacts rapidly with the cells, causing irreversible changes after several hours of action. The changes are not repaired on removing the agent; the cells suffer from a rapid inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, the protein synthesis remaining intact. PMID- 700527 TI - Effect of volatile substances released from Origanum majorana and Ocimum basilicum on the rhizosphere and phyllosphere fungi of Phaseolus vulgaris. AB - Differences were found in the counts and occurrence of fungi in the phyllosphere and thizosphere of two representatives of the Lamiacea family, Origanum majorana and Ocimum basilicum, and in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of Phaseolus vulgaris growing separately or in coenosis with O. majorana or O. basilicum. Both the volatile substances released from ground leaves of the two latter plant species and the root exudates affected considerably spore germination of isolated phylospheric and rhizospheric fungi. The results indicated a possible role of root exudates and volatile substances released from leaves in colonization of rhizosphere and/or phyllosphere by fungi, especially in associations of various plants. PMID- 700528 TI - Change of light spectrums on neonatal retinal oil droplets and the rod versus cone distribution. PMID- 700529 TI - Quantitative evaluation of adrenergic cells in the autonomic ganglion. PMID- 700530 TI - Automated metric analysis of the chromosome picture. PMID- 700531 TI - Disturbances of the development of chick embryos after the administration of beryllium chloride at early stages of embryogenesis. PMID- 700533 TI - Distribution of the motor end-plates in the muscles of a sirenoid monster. PMID- 700532 TI - The interaction of histone and human serum--a hypothesis of the mechanism of their effect on development of the chick embryo. PMID- 700534 TI - Morphological relationships between motor end-plate localization and the vascular bed of skeletal muscle. PMID- 700535 TI - The strait jacket syndrome in the human fetus. PMID- 700536 TI - Thyroidectomy and liver acid phosphatase from the aspect of circadian rhythm. PMID- 700537 TI - Effect of hypoxia of pregnant females on the liver tissue of the newborn young. PMID- 700538 TI - The Golgi apparatus of pale and dark Purkinje cells. PMID- 700539 TI - Birthweight of newborn Romanies and their physical development during the school age period. PMID- 700540 TI - Topographical distribution of concanavalin A binding sites in hypothalamus. PMID- 700541 TI - Contribution to the anatomy of the umbilical vein. PMID- 700542 TI - Age-related changes in the long bones of the house mouse (Mus musculus musculus). PMID- 700543 TI - [Trends in obstetrics]. PMID- 700544 TI - [Electroresection and electrocoagulation as therapy for vulvar neoplasms]. AB - A survey of the results attained by the most prominent authors of the individual therapy methods is given. After electro-resection and -coagulation of the vulvar tumor followed by roentgen or telecobalt irradiation, patients are almost without pain. The primary mortality in 332 patients was 1,5% (= 5 cases) because lymphonodectomy was performed in only 66 cases (20%). The period of hospitalization lasts about four weeks and cosmetic healing is excellent. This therapy method can also be recommended for largely extended tumors as lack of local symptoms can be achieved up to 97%. Of the 332 patients treated at our hospital, almost equal numbers of patients were seen with carcinoma stage I and II and stage III and IV. In stage I and II (negative lymph nodes) 74,5% and in stage III and IV (positive lymph nodes) 38,4% were cured. 80% were aged between 61 and 90 years. In spite of this negative selection of patients which was also combined with the intercurrent mortality rate of 13% (= 43 cases), 193 of the 332 patients or 58,1% survived five years or longer. In the last five years the survival rate was even 62,2%. A survey of the results obtained by electrocoagulation in the last 30 years is given. Especially the enormous increase of high risks as diabetes (42,2%) and the great number of over-aged patients (83,3%) are emphasized. PMID- 700545 TI - [Hormone dependent, functional gynecologic morphology in infancy and adolescence presented on the example of the cervix uteri]. AB - Signs of different activities in the dynamic morphology of the epithelium and mucus of the cervix uteri are demonstrated in the female fetus, newborn, child and adolescent. Besides the morphological description of the ectropium, transitional zone, s.c. "reserve-cells", squamous cell nodes and production and secretion of mucus other investigations were done by allometry, caryometry and histochemistry. The examinations allow insight into the hormonal activities specially of the estrogenes in different periods of female life. PMID- 700546 TI - [Contraceptive counseling for young girls]. PMID- 700547 TI - [Pregnancy complications, hospitalization (indications, timing), symptoms, diagnosis, therapy]. PMID- 700548 TI - [Arguments for a hesitamt attitude in the management of retroflexion of the pregnant uterus]. AB - Among 5036 pregnant patients under prenatal care of a gynecologist, a retroflexion of the pregnant uterus was found in 438 cases (8.7%). The incidence of spontaneous abortion in the cases with retroflexion was 10.4%. This corresponds to the expected mean incidence of spontaneous abortion. In a control group of 1000 pregnancies without retroflexion of the uterus, the incidence of spontaneous abortion was 9.2%. The rate of premature delivery in cases with retroflexion was 5.3% and showed no difference to the control group without retroflexion (5.5%). Spontaneous anteflexion was awaited in all cases with retroflected pregnant uterus. Because of overflow incontinence manual anteflexion of the uterus at 15 weeks of gestation became necessary in one case. This pregnancy went to term. Because of our good results, we make a plea for expectant management of retroflexion of the pregnant uterus. Regular control examinations are necessary so that the lack of spontaneous anteflexion is not overlooked. Among 378 cases with a retroflected pregnant uterus which were followed to term, manual anteflexion became necessary in only one case. PMID- 700549 TI - [Prevention of special complications in gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 700551 TI - [The value of colposcopy in gynecologic diagnosis and in the cancer preventive studies in women]. PMID- 700550 TI - [Psychogenic vaginal discharge]. PMID- 700552 TI - [Gynecologic cytodiagnosis. Current state and possibilities for development]. PMID- 700553 TI - [Contraception with the intrauterine pessary Progestasert]. AB - A prospective study was carried out from June 1973 to August 1976 in 131 women fitted with a newly developed IUD (Progestasert). The IUD's were removed as planned after 12 months with the exception of 4 cases in which they were retained for up to 17 months. The evaluation of the trial was performed according to the Life Table Analysis and the usual statistical methods. 1496 application months were evaluated. One case each of intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies were observed. One patient experienced spontaneous expulsion of the IUD. In 9 cases medical reasons led to the removal of Progestasert at an earlier date. Duration, intensity, and interval of menstruation as well as frequency of spotting and dysmenorrhea were recorded. A slight increase in duration and interval of menstruation was seen whereas bleeding intensity was reduced. Increased spotting, especially during the first month after insertion, and a significant reduction of dysmenorrheal complaints were noted after 2 months. In addition to 8 removals due to bleeding disturbances, 6 other patients experienced spotting throughout the entire treatment period. Laboratory tests such as ESR, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and cytological smear determinations were carried out. No pathological alterations of these parameters were found. PMID- 700554 TI - [The determination of effectivity in psychotherapy]. PMID- 700555 TI - [Diagnosis in diseases of the eye and orbit. Indications and value of ultrasonic diagnosis and radio computer tomography]. AB - The principles of diagnostic ultrasound and computed X-ray tomography are briefly described. The informations to be expected can be derived. First, the clinical use in determination of size and localization of the bulbus is discussed. This proved helpful in follow-up studies of buphthalmos, localization of intraocular foreign bodies and differentiation of pseudo-protrusion and protrusion (ultrasound exophthalmometry). The differentiation and localization of intraocular disorders (e.g. retinal detachment, intraocular tumors, vitreous hemorrhages, aqueous cysts) is facilitated. In space-occupying orbital disorders both methods complement but cannot replace each other. Therefore it appears that further development of ultrasonic diagnostic techniques should be promoted to reach at least the standards which are nowadays already achieved in computed X ray tomography. PMID- 700556 TI - [Methods and results of quantitative creatinekinase isoenzyme determinations on an immunological basis]. PMID- 700557 TI - [Epidemiology of psychic disorders and their psychiatric treatment]. PMID- 700558 TI - [Plasmacytoma]. AB - Plasmocytoma is generally a systemic disorder and has to be differentiated from solitary plasmocytoma of bones and connective tissue. Diagnosis is based on the typical bone marrow findings, the demonstration of monoclonal paraprotein and the radiological skeletal changes. Prognosis is poor, life expectancy limited to about 18 months. Specific therapy with cytotoxic drugs leads in many cases to marked improvement of the general condition, relative freedom of pain and a decreased complication rate. PMID- 700559 TI - [Inhibition of cancer cell stickiness, a model for the testing of in vivo thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors. IV. Effect of sulfinpyrazone]. AB - It has been shown that sulfinpyrazone is able to interfere with the dynamic interaction between sticky Walker-256-carcinosarcoma cells and the vascular endothelium. This effect is due to a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet adhesiveness and aggregation to sticky circulating tumor cells and their consequent attachment to the vascular endothelium as observed by means of intravital capillary microscopy in the mesentery of rats. Further proof of these investigations was that sulfinpyrazone led to a dose-dependent inhibition of the immediate drop of circulating platelets and reduced significantly the lethal pulmonary tumor cell embolism which occurred in 57.5% of the controls within 5-10 minutes after intravenous transplantation of 1 X 10(6) Walker-256-carcinosarcoma cells. These results are interpreted in an inhibition of platelet adhesiveness and aggregation in vivo by sulfinpyrazone. PMID- 700560 TI - [Actihaemyl with simultaneous cytostatic therapy]. PMID- 700561 TI - [The biological availability of Ce-Ferro forte. Comparative iron load test]. PMID- 700562 TI - [Cancer research in the pharmaceutical industry]. PMID- 700563 TI - [The patho-anatomical Regional Cancer Registry of North Baden]. AB - Since the middle of 1976, after approximately one year of preparation, the regional cancer registry of gastrointestinal tumors in the district of North Baden has been fully in operation. Meanwhile approximately 15,000 cases of cancer have been registered retrospective including 1971. Reasons for the maximum size of a population-based registry and the method of efficiently procuring the necessary data are shown. PMID- 700564 TI - [Polymyalgia arteriitica]. AB - A description of the polymyalgia arteriitica is presented: preference of beginning in higher age, leading symptom being muscular pain at the back of the neck, around the shoulders, the upper arms, the buttocks and thighs as well as the visibly augmented erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The arteriitic manifestation being considered, the necessity of adequate corticosteroid therapy is accentuated. Prognosis depends on both factors, localization of the arteriitis and efficient corticosteroid treatment. PMID- 700565 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in gynecological oncology]. AB - 169 CEA-determinations in sera from 119 patients with gynecologic malignancies and 30 healthy women as controls are reported. The highest percentage of positive results was found in patients with cancer of the ovaries (62%). This result is followed by 60 per cent in cancer of the collum uteri, 50 per cent in cancer of vulva and vagina and 42 per cent in cancer of the breast. Very low CEA-titers have been found in cases with cancer of corpus uteri. This method is not reliable enough for very early detection of gynecological cancer, it may be a useful help in the supervision of cancer patients who already have been treated. PMID- 700566 TI - [Salivary gland diseases. Clinical aspects, diagnosis, therapy. Part 4. Therapy (congenital malformations, inflammatory salivary gland diseases, sialadenitis, sialolithiasis, therapy--recommendations for oral hygiene care, saliva stimulating drugs)]. PMID- 700567 TI - [Bloom syndrome: review and definition]. AB - The cases of Bloom-syndrome as described in the literature (till...) are reviewed and this syndrome is discussed as a defined entity which can be separated from congenital poikilodermias. The prognosis of this autosomal recessive disease is dubious. PMID- 700568 TI - [Relationship between immunoglobulin levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum]. AB - By means of radial immunodiffusion, immunoglobulins A, G, M and albumin were determined in serum and unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid from 182 controls and 141 patients. Concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients did not correlate, not even in those groups whose elevated immunoglobulin and albumin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid resulted from damage to the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier, as in inflammatory diseases and neoplastic processes of the central nervous system or of the meninges.--Concentrations of immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid should therefore be evaluated independently of the serum concentrations. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum constitute samples from two separate compartments which are capable of independent immune reactions. PMID- 700570 TI - [Studies on nucleic acid metabolism. Molecular biology and clinical significance]. AB - All known nucleic acids contain varying amounts of modified nucleosides. In contrast to the standard nucleosides, the modified nucleosides and their nucleobases as minor nucleic acids components cannot be recycled. Only part of them can be catabolized. Therefore, many modified catabolites of nucleic acids are enriched in urine. They can be measured at the picomole level by cation exchange HPLC. Plotted against age, the excretion curves of the modified nucleobases are in accordance with the shape of the known growth velocity curve. Aberrant nucleobases excretion patterns are found in very young children, probably resulting from a specific nucleic acids equipment as well as from different relative growth velocities of different organs. In the urine of patients with neoplasms, often extremely disturbed nucleobases excretion patterns are found which can be normalized by successful cytostatic therapy. From the published and our own results it is concluded that modifications of nucleic acids should play an important regulatory role. Therefore, the analysis of modified nucleobases excretion patterns will open new diagnostic approaches. PMID- 700569 TI - [Epidemiology of mental disorders and psychiatric care. Part 2. Discussion of results]. AB - A prior analysis of treated patients is required in order to develop effectively a system of psychiatric health services. Data are presented respectively for a rural small town area of Upper Bavaria with 424,000 residents. Incidence and prevalence rates of treated mental illness are considered according to various criteria, especially diagnosis. Morbidity rates for localities of varying size are cited as an example of ecological approach. When planning, one must conclude the necessity for differentiated psychiatric treatment within the community, with emphasis on outpatient services. PMID- 700571 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of piracetam during delivery]. AB - The excretion of Piracetam was monitored by measuring the concentrations in maternal and fetal substrates during labor in nine volunteers. Piracetam was tolerated without side-effects and injected in the maternal cubital vein. Consecutively, maternal plasma and urine samples as well as amniotic fluid portions were collected during labor. at delivery, fetal blood from placenta and the first fetal urines were collected. Biostatistical methods showed that approximately 50% of Piracetam were eliminated 80 minutes after the injection of the drug. In amniotic fluid a continuous rise of Piracetam concentrations was monitored until delivery. In fetal plasma and urines the substance could be detected. The rapid excretion of Piracetam during labor was obviously typical for the situation sub partu; reasons are discussed. PMID- 700572 TI - [Research--this time not from the university and political viewpoint]. PMID- 700573 TI - [Group-training program for parents of retarded children and children with behavior disorders]. PMID- 700574 TI - [Vertebrogenic dizziness, etiology and differential diagnosis]. AB - Cervical-induced vertigo may be caused by degenerative or functional disorders of the cervical spine. Explaining its pathophysiology, disorders of the cervical spine itself, the vertebral artery and the entire cardiovascular system must be taken into account. 66 patients with signs of cervical-induced vertigo were examined neuro-otologically, the function of the cervical spine was judged by X ray and clinical examination. Moreover, a special provocation of the cervical spine was made--when patients were sitting and in supine position with the head in different directions--including simultaneous ENG recording. With regard to the complaints of the patients and all clinical findings, a selection could be made in 3 groups of signs: A = the degenerative cervical syndrome, B = the irritative cervical syndrome, C = the vertebralis-basilaris syndrome. PMID- 700575 TI - [The problem "diagnosis" demonstrated on the example of farmer's lung]. AB - Using the farmer's lung as an example, the various problems in establishing a diagnosis are discussed. The "instruments" of diagnosis such as history (exposition), functional parameters, macro- and micromorphology, and laboratory findings are described. The different criteria and their value, the compatibility of informations, and the quality of definitions ("fuzzy sets") are analytically evaluated--all this finally leading to the "quality" of diagnosis and of subsequent decisions. PMID- 700576 TI - [Chronic septic granulomatosis imitating exogenic allergic alveolitis (farmer's lung)]. AB - A 17-year-old boy demonstrated clinical and immunological signs of exogenic allergic alveolitis (farmer's lung). The patient grew up in the country and suffered from recurrent "pneumonia." In his serum precipitins were detected against Micropolyspora faeni, Aspergillus fumigatus and hay. Transbronchially obtained lung tissue showed histologically an inflammation of the epitheloid-cell granulomatous type with fibrosis. A congenital defect of the neutrophilic function was suspected in view of the recurrent infections with significant polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, accompanied by leucocytosis and neutrophilia. In vitro studies of isolated patient's neutrophils showed that he suffered from chronic granulomatous disease. CGD should be considered in adolescents and adults with a history of severe infections and unexplained pulmonary fibrosis or pulmonary fibrosis simulating exogen allergic alveolitis. PMID- 700577 TI - [Familial sarcoidosis. 4 cases in 2 families]. AB - Among the patients of the Bundeswehrzentralkrankenhaus Koblenz two new cases of familial sarcoidosis with two cases each became known from Nov. 1977 to Feb. 1978. These cases are reported with typical x-ray-findings. The above mentioned short period of time for finding two new cases of familial sarcoidosis seems extraordinary, as in the world literature on sarcoidosis until today only 114-150 cases are reported. "Sarcoidosis" is described referring to the newer literature. Possible causes for acquiring sarcoidosis are discussed. Specific research by the disciplines social medicine, genetics, and hygiene of the families suffering from familial sarcoidosis is proposed, in order to analyze genetic disposition and/or environmental factors. Long-term supervision of the families afflicted with familial sarcoidosis is proposed. PMID- 700578 TI - [Alcohol abuse in children and adolescents]. AB - There is a strong increase in the misuse of alcoholics by children and adolescents. The different phases of development towards an adolescent alcoholic are discussed. Possible causes are shown. It is especially important that children with minimal cerebral dysfunction seem to be more inclined to a later development towards alcoholism. Identification with the adult world seems to be the main reason for adolescents to drink alcohol excessively. Methods of identifying young alcoholics are discussed, preventive methods are shown. A discussion of therapeutical possibilities follows. PMID- 700579 TI - [Legasthenia--nonsense?]. PMID- 700580 TI - [Bile acids in the intestinal juice of infants and children with malabsorption and maldigestion syndromes]. AB - 43 gastroenterologically healthy infants and children as well as 45 patients with different malabsorption and maldigestion syndromes were investigated during the basic secretion and after injection of secretin and pancreozymin in order to establish the total quantity and also the distribution of the secreted bile acids. The total concentration and quantity were determined enzymatically; column and thinlayer chromatography were utilized to separate the bile into 30 different bile acids. While the total quantity of bile acids was found to be independent of age, the compounding of bile changed during the first years of life. Patients with coeliac disease reacted to injection of peptide hormones by producing a larger volume of secretion than did the control group. Despite the increased secretion there was at the same time a significantly higher concentration of bile acids in the duodenal juice. In this group the analysis of the bile acid distribution indicated no abnormality but striking changes were found in patients with cystic fibrosis, biliary atresia, M. Wilson, and in children after subtotal resection of the small bowel. PMID- 700581 TI - [The physician and medical expert law]. PMID- 700582 TI - [Procetofen, a new lipid- and urine-acid-reducing substance]. AB - 23 patients with different forms of hyperlipidemias received procetofen (3 X 100 mg/day) over a period of fourteen days. The cholesterol concentration in blood showed a significant reduction from 322 +/- 30 mg/dl to 227 +/- 37 mg/dl, triglycerides dropped from 221 +/- 84 mg/dl to 129 +/- 34 mg/dl and uric acid diminished from 6,1 +/- 1,4 mg/dl to 4,6 +/- 0,8 mg/dl. PMID- 700583 TI - [Experiences with substitution therapy using a new pancreatic enzyme of plant origin]. AB - The indication field of Nortase, a combination of microbial lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, comprises the replacement therapy of maldigestion and insufficiency of pancreas. Its efficacy and tolerance were tested in 100 patients in an open study under the conditions of general practice. During the 15-day treatment the following symptoms were evaluated: anorexia, flatulence, pressure and pain in the epigastrium, nausea after the meals, belching, pyrosis, the quality of feces and the body weight. 96% of the patients showed relief of the symptoms after treatment, 65% a therapeutic result ranging from very good to good. In 53% an improvement of the quality of feces was observed and 76% reached an increase in weight. 6 patients had some small side effects, in 1 case the treatment had to be interrupted. The altogether good results confirmed the results of former investigations on the acid stability and the high lipolytic activity of lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus. PMID- 700584 TI - [Prognosis of idiopathic scoliosis]. AB - The prognosis of the scoliosis is determined by early and exact treatment, which depends on the degree of curvature, age, localization and expected of deviation. Scoliosis up to 30 degrees is treated by physical therapy. Between 30-50 degrees an active treatment with the Milwaukee-brace is recommended. Over 50 degrees surgery is required, because further progression is to be expected. The Harrington procedure should now be used in all centers of scoliosis. Paraplegia is seen in 0,5%. Minor complications and better correction can be expected by surgery carried out in special centers. PMID- 700585 TI - [Causes for femur head necrosis in the treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 700586 TI - [Juvenile hip pain. 1. Transitory coxitis, rheumatoid coxitis or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, specific and unspecific coxitis, Perthes diseases]. PMID- 700587 TI - [The congenital club foot]. AB - The congenital clubfoot of infancy to-day is curable in 90% of cases. Aim of the treatment is normalization of form, function and growth. With combined therapy according to Imhauser optimal results are possible: 1. Immediately after birth- depending on the general condition of the newborn--reposition of all components without the talipes equinus component; plastercasts are changed frequently till the third or fourth month of life; 2. surgical development of the heel; calcaneal equinus is corrected by elongating the tendocalcaneus combined with arthrolysis of the ankle joint; 3. intensive clinical treatment by physiotherapy; 4. ambulant orthopedic controls at regular intervals till the end of skeletal growth. PMID- 700588 TI - [Surgical treatment of acquired lose flat foot]. PMID- 700589 TI - [The fixed lumbar lordosis due to slipped disks]. AB - The fixed lumbar lordosis is represented by a group of characteristic symptomes; they specifically happen to the LWS of adolescents which are in a specific pathogenic situation. The cause of the fixed lumbar lordosis is almost a slipped discus. The case of an adolescent is presented, who had two operations because of twice slipped discus in one year. PMID- 700590 TI - [Functional treatment of idiopathic scoliosis by means of the Milwaukee corset]. PMID- 700591 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of the disk meniscus]. PMID- 700592 TI - [The irritable colon syndrome. New therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of a frequent syndrome]. AB - A double-blind clinical longterm trial with the musculotropic agent Mebeverine in 30 patients, suffering from the irritable colon syndrome, is reported. In 70% of patients, treated by this new antispasmodic preparation, most symptoms, related to the irregular activities of the lower alimentary tract--as abdominal cramps and distrubance of bowel habit--improved. Female patients were superior in getting symptom-free. No unpleasant drug-related side effects were seen. The double-blind controlled trial showed Mebeverine to be superior to a placebo preparation regarding relief of symptoms and demonstrates this agent to be a useful drug for controlling the symptoms of this functional disorder. The usefulness is enhanced by the fact that most of the patients studied had been pretreated by other preparations with low or limited therapeutic effectiveness. Despite facing the difficulties in documenting objective criteria of improvement in a condition such as the irritable colon, defined as a "collection of functional disorders of the colon of mixed aetiology" (Truelove), our results demonstrate that Mebeverine is able to improve abdominal cramps and disturbances of bowel habit in this common disorder without side effects, as seen with standard anticholinergic preparations. PMID- 700593 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen as a control parameter in cryosurgical treatments of patients with rectal carcinoma]. AB - The monitoring power of CEA during cryotherapeutic management was investigated in a group of 39 patients with inoperable cancer of the rectum. By the results it is concluded that the determination of serial serum CEA levels during cryosurgery is not only a useful parameter of the results of local treatment but also a sensitive indicator of tumor metastases. PMID- 700594 TI - [Synchronous and metachronous processes in colo-rectal carcinoma]. AB - Polyps are often associated with carcinoma in the colon. The incidence of colorectal polyps with single carcinoma is up to 25% and with multiple carcinoma up to 75%. Not infrequently both synchronous and metachronous carcinoma are found in the colon and rectum. These findings emanate from a sample of 367 patients (in this hospital) with colorectal carcinoma during the period 1973 to 1977. The incidence of synchronous and metachronous carcinoma as well as severe dysplasia (focal carcinoma) in adenomatous polyps was nearly 8%. In slightly more than 50% of cases involving a single carcinoma, there was no evidence of an accompanying condition or later development. In more than 20% of the cases single carcinoma was accompanied by synchronous and metachronous polyps. These figures eloquently illustrate the necessity for closely coordinated postoperative care of patients with colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 700595 TI - [The protein spectrum and its clinical value. 1. Total serum protein concentration]. PMID- 700596 TI - [Heart rhythm during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy]. AB - The ECGs of 157 patients were registered continuously during the oesophago-gastro duodenoscopy with a R-R intervall monitoring system. The behavior of frequencies and cardiac arrhythms of 53 patients with and 104 patients without heart diseases is reported. 32 patients were premedicated with 0,5 mg Atropin intravenously, 121 patients received intramuscular premedication. The influence of the vegetative nervous system is discussed in view of the heart actions during the diagnostic procedure. A clinically relevant danger for the heart and circulatory system caused by oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was not observed. PMID- 700597 TI - [Wound healing in the colon and the effect of fibrinolysis and collagenolysis]. PMID- 700598 TI - [Inhibition of gastric acid secretion and motility with trospium chloride]. AB - The present study demonstrated a significant inhibition of gastric acid secretion and gastric motility by parenteral and oral application of trospiumchloride. Oral application of a dose inhibiting gastric acid secretion was not associated with the known side effects of anticholinergic therapy like tachycardia, reduction of salivary secretion and impairment of visual accommodation. PMID- 700599 TI - [Therapy of reflux esophagitis. Manometric determination of the effect of bromoprid on the lower esophageal sphincter]. AB - The effect of bromopride (4-amino-5-bromo-N-(2-diethyl-aminoethyl)-2-methoxy benzamide) on the pressure amplitude of the lower oesophageal sphincter was examined in ten healthy subjects and fifteen patients suffering from peptic oesophagitis. Diagnosis of peptic oesophagitis was based on the histological study of a sample of the lower oesophageal mucosa. PMID- 700600 TI - Morphological patterns of the liver in South American blastomycosis. AB - Histological features were semi-quantitatively analysed in 60 livers, obtained by necropsy, from patients who died of South American blastomycosis. These findings were classified and correlated with duration of the disease and treatment. Bile duct lesions were prominent and a particular pattern was found in which segments of bile ducts were "disrupted" and replaced by inflammatory reaction. A classification of the lesions is proposed: Class o--near normal livers; Class I- predominance of necrosis and suppuration; Class II--predominance of tuberculoid granulomas; Class III--portal fibrosis and non-specific infiltrate. There has been no evidence that treatment could induce bile-duct proliferation, fatty change of liver cells, or cholestasis. On the other hand, less fibrosis was found in treated patients. Pathogenesis of the bile-duct lesions is discussed. PMID- 700601 TI - A comparison of the use of the "Tru-Cut" needle and fine needle aspiration cytology in the pre-operative diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast. AB - Two methods of obtaining a pre-operative diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast are compared. Tru-Cut needle biopsy was carried out on 368 consecutive patients with palpable breast lumps, and both Tru-Cut biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology were performed during part of this study on 163 of the patients. A final histological diagnosis was obtained in each patient, at excision biopsy or mastectomy. There were 278 patients with carcinoma and 90 with benign breast disease. A correct positive diagnosis of carcinoma was made by the Tru-Cut method in 73.5% of cases, but in only 52% of cases by aspiration cytology. More importantly, there were no false positive diagnoses of carcinoma with Tru-Cut biopsy, but five cases of benign breast disease were incorrectly diagnosed as carcinoma by aspiration cytology. It is concluded that Tru-Cut biopsy is sufficiently reliable to be able to proceed direct to mastectomy following a positive diagnosis of carcinoma, in distinction to aspiration cytology with which an unacceptably high number of false positives occurs. The benefits of a pre operative Tru-Cut biopsy diagnosis are identified. PMID- 700602 TI - The "Scrimp" technique--a method for the rapid diagnosis of surgical pathology specimens. AB - A rapid cytological method for the diagnosis of surgical pathology specimens is reported. This procedure consists of a scrape of the tissue and an imprint of the cells and has therefore been termed the "Scrimp" technique. It is simple, inexpensive and accurate and is of value in routine surgical pathology in the separation of benign and malignant lesions and particularly in the determination of the adequacy of surgical excision of skin tumours. PMID- 700604 TI - Endocardial fibrosis in apparently normal infant hearts. AB - A classification of the histological appearance of the endocardium in infants, and observers' reproducibility tests have been carried out. In a retrospective survey of 262 overtly normal hearts, what is considered to be abnormal thickening of the endocardium was found in 3.4%, and probably significant thickening in 20%. The changes occurred in unexpected home deaths as well as in hospital deaths and the lesions may be a contributing factor in some cot deaths, but a prospective study is required to confirm this. PMID- 700603 TI - Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis--van Creveld syndrome) with dysplasia of renal medulla and bile ducts. AB - A case of a 28-month-old boy with chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome) is reported. Besides polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, acromelic dwarfism and congenital heart defect, which are characteristic morphologic features of the syndrome, additional dysplastic developmental defects were discovered in the kidneys, liver, and lungs. Detailed histopathologic studies of the growth plates of tibia, femur and ribs disclosed an irregular, partly hyperplastic, partly dystrophic appearance of the epiphyseal cartilage, which was not resorbed properly by the invading blood vessels. Focal areas of necrosis occurred and barriers of tongue-shaped cartilaginous peninsulas persisted. Regular enchondral ossification was hindered and compensatory membrane ossification was found in the fibrosing metaphyseal bone marrow adjacent to the cartilage. Dysplasia and fibrosis of the renal medulla plus interstitial fibrosing nephritis in the cortex resulted in kidney contraction and renal failure. Hepatomegaly, portal fibrosis and bile duct hyperplasia and dysplasia were detected at autopsy, but did not have any clinical significance. These findings once again emphasize that derivatives of all three germ layers are involved in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. The possibility that a single metabolic or structural abnormality of the mesenchymal tissues could be responsible for the various organ dysplasias is discussed. PMID- 700605 TI - Blue naevus of the cervix: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Two cases are described of blue naevi occurring in the uterine cervix. These showed a histological appearance identical to that seen in the commoner cutaneous examples. Electron microscopy of both lesions showed the presence of melanosomes in the dendritic cells. No Schwann cell elements were identified. Previous reports of cases are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 700606 TI - Multiple vascular malformation in the "blue rubber bleb naevus" syndrome: a case with aneurysm of vein of Galen and vascular lesions suggesting a link to the Weber-Osler-Rendu syndrome. AB - A case of Bean's syndrome is reported in which a wide variety of vascular malformations are illustrated. Among these were multiple arterio-venous malformations including a so-called vein of Galen aneurysm. A comparison of this case with those in the literature suggests that the pathology in patients with Bean's syndrome may be more varied than heretofore recognized, and that an overlap between this syndrome and the Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome may exist. PMID- 700608 TI - Collaborative program evaluation to improve emergency services in community mental health centers. PMID- 700607 TI - Effects of therapists' biases on diagnosis and disposition of emergency service patients. PMID- 700609 TI - An outreach and prevention unit in a mental health center serving the elderly. PMID- 700610 TI - Community residential treatment for schizophrenia: two-year follow-up. AB - Two-year outcome data from a study comparing two kinds of treatment given similar groups of young, newly diagnosed, unmarried schizophrenic patients deemed in need of hospitalization are reported. The experimental program, Soteria, is a nonmedical, psychosocial program with minimal use of antipsychotic drugs; it is staffed by nonprofessionals and located in a home in the community. The control program is a short-stay, crisis-oriented inpatient service in a community mental health center where neuroleptic drugs are the principal treatment. The experimental group had significantly longer initial stays, and only 8 per cent received neuroleptics during their initial admission. Over the two-year follow-up period, there were no significant differences between the groups in readmissions or levels of symptomatology. However, experimental subjects significantly less often received medications, used less outpatient care, showed significantly better occupational levels, and were more able to live independently. PMID- 700611 TI - Psychiatric education in the emergency room: must teaching stop at 5 p.m.? AB - The authors surveyed psychiatric residency programs to see what educational resources were available to residents assigned to provide emergency services during evening and nighttime hours. Almost half the sample of 89 programs assigned first-year residents to provide emergency care. The primary immediate means of support for the residents was telephone assistance, in 49 per cent of the programs, or the presence of a non-psychiatrist professional, in 35 per cent. The general lack of educational resources reflects the traditional dispositional model of emergency psychiatry, the authors say, with its emphasis on briefly evaluating the patient and referring him elsewhere for services; current training practices cannot meet the goals of the crisis system model in which a comprehensive treatment program is begun in the emergency room. PMID- 700613 TI - Ex-patient visitors to the hospital psychiatric unit. AB - An informal study of visits to an inpatient psychiatric unit by former patients indicated that such visiting was a common occurrence, more prevalent than staff realized. Most ex-patient visitors were chronically impaired individuals who were making a marginal community adjustment and did not use aftercare services. Of 29 expatient visitors, some of whom made multiple and even daily visits, more than half appeared to use the visits as an indirect, symbolic way of asking for help. For some the brief contacts with treatment personnel seemed to have therapeutic value. The authors suggest that, although such visits may be troublesome to staff, expatient visitors should be welcomed and offered informal brief supportive contacts when feasible. PMID- 700612 TI - Overnight admission for psychiatric emergencies. AB - Patients identified as psychiatric cases on the emergency ward of a 1036-bed teaching hospital are handled in one of three ways: released with outpatient referral, admitted to a psychiatric inpatient facility, or hospitalized in a general medical holding unit with a 24-hour stay. The authors obtained demographic and diagnostic data on 377 psychiatric patients seen consecutively on the ward and then compared those admitted to the holding unit (83) with those released (193) or hospitalized (101). The three groups were demographically similar but the patients in the holding group fell between the other two groups in severity of psychopathology. More than half the patients admitted to the holding unit were released the following day. The authors discuss the advantages of overnight admission as an alternative to hospitalization or release. PMID- 700614 TI - Differential diagnosis of the disturbed elderly patient. AB - Disturbed elderly patients too often receive a general and rather automatic diagnosis of senility when a differential diagnosis, made by a multidisciplinary team, could identify their problems more specifically. The Gerontological Treatment Center of the Psychiatric Institute of Washington, D.C., has been making such differential diagnoses for the past four years and has returned nearly 80 per cent of its 300 patients to community living after six to eight weeks at the center. The most common problem found in the patients is depression. Case examples demonstrate the need for an understanding of both physical and mental problems that elderly patients face. PMID- 700615 TI - Movement therapy with geriatric patients in a convalescent home. AB - After several weeks of orientation with staff, the author, a registered dance therapist, established a movement therapy group for long-term geriatric patients in a convalescent home. The purpose was to promote socialization and expression of feelings, partly by recognizing even the most minimal participation in the group. Many patients were severely depressed and disoriented; most were in wheel chairs. Three months later a second group, functioning at a higher level, was formed. During the first six months, patients showed increases in verbalization and spontaneous expression of feelings, in interaction, and in assertiveness. PMID- 700616 TI - Obtaining informed consent for mental health treatment. AB - A series of forms has been developed by staff at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Seattle in response to a Washington state law requiring that patients give informed consent to treatment. The forms, which describe the nature of the treatment and possible risks and benefits, follow four models: a single consent form that meets all the needs of a clinical unit; separate consent forms for various services of a clinical unit, such as medication or group or individual therapy; a limited-consent form combined with a brochure or fact sheet; and a consent form combined with a treatment contract. The authors report that use of the forms has required very little additional staff time and has not discouraged patients from entering treatment. PMID- 700617 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation program focuses on total patient. AB - One hospital's attempt to combat the nation's leading cause of death is presented here. This medium-sized community hospital has initiated a cardiac rehabilitation program that encompasses the psychosocial as well as the physical well-being of the patient. The three-phase plan involves regular physical examinations, educational counseling for patients and families, and individualized inpatient and outpatient exercise regimens. PMID- 700618 TI - Home care program incorporates hospice concepts. PMID- 700619 TI - ACHA leader emphasizes competency and planning. Interview by Jerome A. Koncel. PMID- 700620 TI - Automated system upgrades personnel and payroll records. AB - A hosital implemented a computer-based system that produces highly detailed and accurate automated personnel files, weekly time sheets, employee attendance records, itemized weekly paychecks, and other special reports. The system has reduced the time, labor, space, errors, and costs associated with producing and storing these personnel records. PMID- 700621 TI - Hospital structures guidelines for coping with snowstorms. AB - When a snowstorm not only paralyzes a community but also isolates its hospital or hospitals, contingency plans and procedures ensure the effective administration and operation of a health care facility during the emergency. In retrospect, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, has developed specific policies, procedures, and mechanisms to identify and deal with logistical and organizational problems that MGH experienced during the 1978 blizzard. PMID- 700622 TI - Patient drug self-administration improves regimen compliance. AB - Through a hospital's three-phase program, inpatients learned about their medications and gradually accepted responsibility for self-administration of these medications, for developing their schedules, and for adhering to their regimens. A postdischare follow-up study showed that the program had substantially improved patient compliance with medication regimens. PMID- 700623 TI - Does continuing education improve nursing practice? AB - Is a one-time mandated license enough to ensure competent, up-to-date nursing practice in today's hospital? Are present continuing education programs for nurses adequate? Is mandatory relicensure for nurses necessary? The author looks at these questions and provides some thoughtful and thought-provoking answers. PMID- 700624 TI - Hospital offers cardiac crisis program to industry. AB - A university medical center has initated a cardiac crisis plan that reaches out to industry to promote preventive health care among employees. The program described here served as a marketing tool for the medical center to establish its credibility among business leaders. PMID- 700625 TI - Central service guidelines present challenges for in-house packaging. AB - New standards and guidelines for in-house packaging present perplexing issues and questions regarding types of materials, procedures, and handling of packs to achieve and maintain sterility. PMID- 700626 TI - Students design hospital information booklet. PMID- 700627 TI - Should hospital financial statements continue to apply fund accounting principles? PMID- 700628 TI - Hospital compliance with new copyright law. PMID- 700629 TI - Utilization affects cost equation. PMID- 700630 TI - The voluntary effort is working. PMID- 700631 TI - Local vs. regional planning: a delicate balance. AB - Planning at the institutional level is crucial if hospitals are to influence the initiatives of government regional regulatory agencies. Given the current intensive regulatory environment, the absence of an effective planning process could pose a threat to the very survival of some health care institutions. But most importantly, planning is necessary for every hospital, large or small, because it is the principal management tool that helps hospitals define and meet community needs. The author offers some fundamental principles and practical advice for the development of new directions in hospital planning. PMID- 700632 TI - New AHA officer sees humanism as first goal. Interview by Alan L. Appelbaum. PMID- 700633 TI - Diploma nurses--10 years after graduation. PMID- 700634 TI - Medical malpractice suits can be avoided. AB - As medical treatment has become increasingly complex over the years, patient care has become more and more dehumanized. The author explains how this feeling of dehumanization can cause patients to file malpractice suits and explores ways in which hosptial administrators can attempt to remedy the situation. PMID- 700635 TI - The hospital system takes a look at 'shrinking' itself. AB - Health care planning mechanisms and the dangers of the "survival of the fittest" method of reducing the size of the hospital system have led some hospitals and hospital associations to undertake programs of conversion of acute care beds, long-range citywide and statewide planning for reduction in the number of beds, and multiple use of beds, units, or entire hospitals. PMID- 700636 TI - Hospital planning can cut risks of admitting prisoner patients. PMID- 700637 TI - Prisoners rescued from pot pies and TV dinners. PMID- 700639 TI - A patient's bill of rights: The American Hospital Association. PMID- 700638 TI - Patient's rights: voluntary or mandatory. PMID- 700640 TI - Director of alcoholism treatment center urges hospitals to open their doors. Interview by Barbara Ellis. PMID- 700641 TI - Hospital provides special care for dying patients and their families. PMID- 700642 TI - Older volunteers use and learn special skills in seven model health projects. PMID- 700644 TI - Califano warns educators that U.S. aid will be 'scaled down' for medical schools. PMID- 700643 TI - Child abuse: hospital team and public agencies help patients and parents. PMID- 700645 TI - Attention at manufacturers' meeting held by increasing regulation over rising costs. PMID- 700646 TI - Hospitals face paging problems as date of new FCC rule nears. PMID- 700647 TI - Addition's imaginative and appealing design enhances hospital's image and functional layout. PMID- 700648 TI - Pilot survey process to be implemented. PMID- 700649 TI - Risk management: new concept calls for definitional refinement in use of term. PMID- 700650 TI - Trends in personnel expenses. PMID- 700651 TI - Medical technology: who's to say when we've had enough. PMID- 700652 TI - Medical technology raises moral and ethical issues. PMID- 700653 TI - After Bakke many questions are left unanswered. PMID- 700654 TI - Chances for comprehensive NHI are slim in the U.S. PMID- 700655 TI - The men in blue pair up with the people in white. PMID- 700656 TI - Do administrators' views show why hospitals do or don't use unit doses? AB - A survey of hospital administrators showed some expected correlations and some surprising contradictions between their opinions of the unit dose system and their institutions' policies on use of the system. The survey indicated that hospital administrators need to be better informed about many of the advantages and disadvantages of the unit dose system and that communication with the hospital pharmacists strongly influences their opinions. PMID- 700657 TI - Cleaning, disinfecting procedures help control spread of infection. AB - The spread of nosocomial infection connected with the use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope can be controlled if hospital personnel are taught clear, specific procedures for the cleaning, disinfecting, and/or sterilizing of these instruments. Infection control authorities recommend that the scopes be sterilized between each patient use, but many hospitals find this to be an impractical practice. As an alternative, fiberoptic bronchoscopes can be disinfected with alkaline gluteraldehyde, a process that takes approximately 10 minutes. PMID- 700659 TI - Hospital marketing shown to be a tool of effective management, despite high cost. PMID- 700658 TI - Increase control of operations to reduce linen costs. AB - Hospital linen managers can reduce costs most effectively by devising and imposing controls on linen operations rather than by merely limiting linen usage. Such controls include use of work load timetables for the laundry department, an itemized charge system for each linen-using department, standards for daily usage, and immediate investigation of deviations from the standards. PMID- 700660 TI - Grove of Health project introduces students to hospital. PMID- 700661 TI - Hospital sponsors parents' discussion group. PMID- 700662 TI - Numerous productivity indicators analyzed. PMID- 700663 TI - Reexamining an old problem: accounting for unrestricted donations. PMID- 700664 TI - Hospital show that it cares about costs. PMID- 700665 TI - Three factors affect hospital cost equation. PMID- 700666 TI - Staff privileges: rights, hearings, and appeals. PMID- 700668 TI - The end of the line: when a hospital closes. AB - Seven hospitals that closed between 1974 and 1977 were forced to shut down by a variety of factors. Several of the closings were accomplished in a relatively painless fashion. Others were difficult and created many problems. The individuals involved in the closings and their aftermath learned many lessons, the chief among which is the critical need for communication among all parties involved. PMID- 700667 TI - Reducing excess hospital capacity is a tough but necessary job. AB - Developing and implementing an effective program to reduce excess hospital capacity is an extremely difficult and complex task. But it is clearly a logical means to contain health care costs and to develope a cost-effective health system. PMID- 700669 TI - Wide range of causes found for hospital closures. AB - Survey conducted by the American Hospital Association has determined where hospitals have closed, what types of hospitals close, and the reasons for closing. Comparative data for a three-year period are used to show trends in a variety of factors affecting hospital closings. PMID- 700670 TI - Impact of hospital closures on nearby hospitals studied. AB - An AHA study showed that hospital closures during 1975 significantly affected utilization of other hospitals in the vicinity of the closures. The degree of impact on the affected hospitals varied widely according to certain factors, such as urban or rural setting, bed size, and number of other nearby hospitals. PMID- 700671 TI - Planning with the community in mind can prevent hospital closings. AB - A study of 46 closings and mergers in New York City over a 15-year period shows the importance of public funding for the viability of hospitals and the need for sound institutional planning for hospital survival. Regulatory agencies may deny hospitals public funds if they do not respond to their communities. PMID- 700672 TI - Forty years of trial, and error. PMID- 700673 TI - There's more to it than people shuffling. AB - If personnel administrators are to gain their rightful place on the hospital management team, they must be prepared to offer services well beyond the traditional, technical aspects of the personnel function. To begin to provide these services, they must be willing to make difficult choices. PMID- 700674 TI - Personnel administrators face rapidly changing environment. PMID- 700676 TI - 45 CHA facilities start evaluative criteria project. PMID- 700675 TI - Compromise plan suggests next Congress's health cost issues. PMID- 700677 TI - Hospice leaders hear promises of federal help and words of caution. PMID- 700678 TI - Two evaluations of concept of medical director. PMID- 700679 TI - Teaching nutrition with puppets. PMID- 700680 TI - Catholic health care systems: a sign of the times. AB - Fundamental changes have been taking place both within society and within the Church and religious communities in relation to the delivery of health and hospital services. Consequently, serious attention should be given to an indepth exploration of the potential for religious congregations to continue to vitally witness to the health ministry through the alternative of a systems approach. PMID- 700681 TI - The strengths of systems. PMID- 700682 TI - Justice, a goal of coordinated Christian health care. AB - Different systems will be needed to bring order and unity to the many health care activities existing in American dioceses. Three underlying principles, however, should direct any efforts at unification: (1) the centrality of the parish to the development of health care programs, (2) the lay ministry of the health care apostolate, and (3) the reforming role of the ministry in attempting to change society to obtain justice for all. PMID- 700683 TI - Dealing confidently with IRS, Part II: IRS audit and postaudit procedures. AB - Preparation enables an administrator to control the hospital's participation in IRS audit procedures, to fulfill the requirements essential to the institution's tax-exempt status, and to choose the most appropriate alternative at the postaudit conference. PMID- 700684 TI - Help for the nonpromotable employee. AB - Over a period of time individuals become aware of their own nonpromotability, the causes of which are many and not all based in their inherent capacities. A concerned, skillful supervisor can help such employees to avoid counterproductive behavior and to experience satisfaction through restructuring positions and career paths and through counseling. PMID- 700686 TI - Hospital appealed CON denial. PMID- 700685 TI - Despite contract, defendant refused to pay hospital bill. PMID- 700687 TI - Patient challenged Blue Cross denial of ER payment. PMID- 700688 TI - Materiel management Q's & A's. PMID- 700689 TI - Decentralization: innovation in management. PMID- 700690 TI - Survey shows use of disposable medical instruments. PMID- 700691 TI - On site data processing management system delivers full service, flexibility at a fixed cost. PMID- 700692 TI - How safe is your hospital's oxygen storage tank? PMID- 700693 TI - Harper Hospital uses laminar air flow rooms to aid treatment of leukemia patients. PMID- 700694 TI - The need for management development in health care institutions. PMID- 700695 TI - Sepsis in surgical patients. PMID- 700697 TI - Investigative data for the design of air handling systems. PMID- 700696 TI - The treatment of surgical sepsis: current modes and new horizons. PMID- 700698 TI - Questions and answers from the 4th National Conference on the Expanding Importance of Central Service in Infection Control. PMID- 700699 TI - Anatomic and chromosomal anomalies in 944 induced abortuses. AB - A total of 944 induced abortuses, 922 of which apparently were anatomically normal and 22 of which were anatomically abnormal, were set up in culture. Of these abortuses, 910 (96.4%) were successfully karyotyped. The study can be divided into two periods. In the initial period, specimens without recovered fetal tissues were excluded, and no chromosome anomalies were found among the 182 abortuses karyotyped. In the later period of study, abortion specimens both with and without recovered fetal tissues were included, and 23 chromosomally abnormal abortuses, 9 of which were without recovered fetal tissues, were found among the 728 abortuses karyotyped. This gives a chromosome abnormality rate of 3.2%. The mean ovulation age for the 728 abortuses was 63.4 days (range 33--109 days). The mean maternal age was 28.4 years (range 15--48 years). The chromosomally abnormal abortuses included 13 (10 nonmosaic and 3 mosaic) trisomics, 7 triploids, 2 abortuses with balanced D/D translocations and an abortus with an XXq- karyotype. Among the 616 abortuses in which both amniotic and fetal tissues were karyotyped, there was complete karyotypic agreement between the two tissues. Among the 339 abortuses in which tissue samples from both sides of the body were analyzed, complete agreement was also found. Factors that may influence the prevalence of abnormal karyotypes in induced abortuses are discussed. PMID- 700700 TI - An extra band in human 9qh+ chromosomes. AB - Chromosome analysis of G-banded cells from nine individuals showed that 9qh+ chromosomes have an extra band in the h region in approx. 3 to 50% of the cells. PMID- 700702 TI - The relation of sex, smoking status, birth rank, and parental age to beta2 glycoprotein I levels and phenotypes in a sample of Australian Caucasian adults. AB - The serum level of beta2-glycoprotein I has been measured in a sample of 532 healthy, unrelated Caucasians resident in Melbourne. The distribution of levels is bimodal but lacks complete separation of the two modes. Samples with levels below 14.0 mg/100 ml are considered to be type I, and those above this level to be type N. The present sample contains 42 subjects of the former phenotype and 490 of the latter. The phenotypes are distributed equally between males and females and between smokers and nonsmokers and are unrelated to age, birth rank, or parental age. The gene frequencies for the Melbourne sample are compared with those found in various European samples. The beta2-glycoprotein I level of type N males is higher than that of females, and smokers have a higher level than nonsmokers. The positive regression of level on age is significant when corrections are made for sex and smoking status. beta2-glycoprotein I level is highly correlated with pseudocholinesterase activity. The pattern of inheritance of phenotypes has been examined in 17 families with a total of 56 children. In all families, this pattern is consistent with the currently accepted mode of autosomal codominant transmission. PMID- 700701 TI - Preferential X inactivation in human placenta membranes: is the paternal X inactive in early embryonic development of female mammals? AB - In placenta membranes of newborn girls carrying electrophoretically distinguishable G6PD alleles, the maternally derived isozyme is expressed preferentially. This phenomenon cannot be explained by allelic differences in enzyme activity or by somatic selection directed against cells with particular G6PD phenotypes. Instead, it may be that in this tissue X inactivation is nonrandom. Preferential expression of the maternal X chromosome, as has been shown in marsupials and in extraembryonic membranes of rodents and now in man, may reflect the state of activity of the X chromosomes in the early stages of female embryonic development. PMID- 700703 TI - Regulation of rRNA gene expression in a human familial 14p+ marker chromosome. PMID- 700704 TI - The gene for human peptidase A is on band 18q23 and shows triplex and uniplex dosage effect. AB - Gene dosage effect for the enzyme peptidase A was studied in the red cells of subjects trisomic (seven cases) or monosomic (five cases) for the segment of chromosome 18 carrying the gene. The individual levels of enzyme activity in both groups were differen from those of the controls, but with a wide overlap. The use of the ratio of the activity of each subject to the midparent activity eliminated the overlapping. The mean ratio was 0.94 for the controls, 2.36 for the trisomics, and 0.41 for the monosomics. The trisomic ratio is higher than expected on the assumption of a linear effect. Correlation with the cytogenetic data in four cases of ring 18 and one of 18q- firmly places the gene for peptidase A on band 18q23. PMID- 700705 TI - Isoelectric focusing of human red cell phosphoglucomutase: the distribution of variant phenotypes in a village population from the Gambia, West Africa. AB - A total of 637 individuals from the rural village of Keneba in The Gambia, West Africa, have been typed for red cell PGM using isoelectric focusing (pH 5--7) in polyacrylamide gels. Eight different phenotypes have been detected. The frequency of the four alleles at the PGM1 locus was found to be PGM1+(1) 0.795, PGM1-(1) 0.053, PGM2+(1) 0.133, AND PGM2-(1) 0.019. A study of the PGM phenotypes in 89 families confirmed the simple Mendelian codominant inheritance of the four alleles. Comparative population data suggest that red cell PGM typing by isoelectric focusing might prove to be a useful genetic marker in anthropological studies. PMID- 700706 TI - Red cell glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase genotypes of the population of two West African villages. AB - Blood samples from 1109 individuals, residents of two villages in The Gambia, West Africa, have been examined for red cell G6PD. Using both starch gel electrophoresis and a spectrophotometric assay, preliminary phenotypes were assigned to the 519 males and 590 females. The G6PD genotypes were established by reference to the family trees of the two village populations. In addition to the G6PD alleles B+, A+ and A-, a fourth allele, representing a new variant of human G6PD was discovered between the two villages, despite their being of the same tribal origin and only five miles apart. PMID- 700707 TI - Is there a pattern of gene differentiation in the Indian populations. AB - Indian populations divided into a number of endogamous groups consisting of different castes, languages, religions, and tribes provide unique opportunities for examining the extent and nature of genetic differentiation at a microevolutionary stage. The genetic relationships between some of these Indian population groups have been examined using electrophoretic data from several biochemical loci in a gene diversity analysis. Does this type of analysis provide any insight into what causes such gene differentiation? What patterns of genetic variation emerge from these empirical findings? Answers are sought by relating the observed heterozygosity, genetic distance, and allied statistics to a mutation-drift hypothesis. The statistics used are: (1) interlocus mean and variance of heterozygosity, (2) mean and variance of genetic distance, and (3) correlation of heterozygosity and gene identity. The observed relationships between these sets of statistics agree well with the ones predicted by the hypothesis that different alleles at protein loci are selectively equivalent and gene frequency change occurs predominantly due to genetic drift. PMID- 700708 TI - Ring 10 chromosome: 46,XX,r10(p15q26). AB - A teenage girl with mild retardation and some clinical features suggestive of the Turner syndrome was found to have an r10(p15q26) in blood and skin cells. Quantitative evaluation of 28 red cell enzymes, including two (hexokinase and glutamic-oxalocetic transaminase) known to be on chromosome 10, gave normal values. PMID- 700709 TI - Trisomy 22 in a 20-year-old female. AB - Trisomy 22 was confirmed in a 20-year-old ambulatory female. Growth and mental retardation plus various dysmorphic features of this syndrome are described and compared with a previous survey. Several interesting unreported findings such as sexual immaturity and gait are discussed in regard to the 22 trisomy syndrome. PMID- 700710 TI - An optimality criterion for processing electromyographic (EMG) signals relating to human locomotion. PMID- 700711 TI - Evaluation of methods for three-dimensional localization of electrical sources in the human brain. PMID- 700713 TI - A vaginal photoplethysmographic transducer. PMID- 700712 TI - Computer aided analysis of cell-cycle phase from cytophotometric histogram. PMID- 700714 TI - Development of modular laboratory equipment for instruction in biomedical instrumentation. PMID- 700716 TI - Influence of a constant magnetic field on nervous tissues: I. Nerve conduction velocity studies. PMID- 700715 TI - An analysis of transfer coefficients calculated directly from epicardial and body surface potential measurements in the intact dog. PMID- 700717 TI - Effect of plexiglas animal holders on microwave energy absorption. PMID- 700718 TI - Dipole crosstalk in an inverse cardiac generator. PMID- 700719 TI - Laminated electrodes for biopotential studies. PMID- 700720 TI - Automated on-line determination of membrane responsiveness curves. PMID- 700721 TI - A new simple mechanostimulator with special reference to its physiological applications. PMID- 700722 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot in the adult: Does longevity make it a distinct variant? PMID- 700723 TI - Cardiovascular reflexes in long-term diabetics. Evaluation by bed side techniques. PMID- 700724 TI - 'Layer concept' of coronary heart disease. Part II. Electrocardiographic basis. PMID- 700725 TI - His bundle electrogram in the disorders of conduction and impulse formation. PMID- 700727 TI - Electromyographic studies in cardiomyopathy. PMID- 700726 TI - Rheumatic heart disease at autopsy. An analysis of 260 cases in Chandigarh. PMID- 700728 TI - Garlic on the reversibility of experimental. Atherosclerosis. PMID- 700729 TI - Pyopericardium in infants and children. Etiology, diagnosis, prognosis and management. PMID- 700730 TI - Isolated interruption of aortic arch. PMID- 700731 TI - Electrophysiological studies in a patient with Friedrich's ataxia. PMID- 700732 TI - Bloodless open heart surgery. PMID- 700733 TI - Internal mammary artery-coronary artery anastomosis for bypass of coronary occlusion in unstable angina. PMID- 700734 TI - Asplenia syndrome. Autopsy analysis of 3 cases. PMID- 700735 TI - Cysticercosis of the heart. A case report. PMID- 700736 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot with absence of pulmonary valve and left pulmonary artery. Report of a case with long survival. PMID- 700737 TI - Systemic high arterial pressure in children. PMID- 700738 TI - Angina pectoris--problems in diagnosis. PMID- 700739 TI - 'Layer concept' of coronary heart disease. Part III. Clinical appraisal. PMID- 700740 TI - Sotalol-subjective and objective evaluation in angina. PMID- 700741 TI - Observations on atrial tachycardia with block. PMID- 700742 TI - Rheumatic tricuspid stenosis. PMID- 700743 TI - Proinsulin and insulin profile in chronic cardiac failure. PMID- 700744 TI - Evaluation of ischaemic disease with patient activated ambulatory monitoring. PMID- 700745 TI - Paroxysmal atrial rate-related heart block. PMID- 700746 TI - Cardiovascular effects of intravenous verapamil in normal subjects. PMID- 700747 TI - Verapamil in supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 700748 TI - Echocardiography in total anomalous pulmonary venous return. PMID- 700749 TI - Subvalvular cardiac aneurysm. PMID- 700750 TI - Primary malignant mesothelioma of the pericardium. PMID- 700751 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. PMID- 700752 TI - Aberrant subclavian ligation. PMID- 700753 TI - Left atrial myxoma. A case report. PMID- 700755 TI - Prognostic factors in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 700754 TI - Aortic stenosis due to familial hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis. A case report with brief review of literature. PMID- 700756 TI - Precocious myocardial infarction. PMID- 700757 TI - Cardiovascular manifestations in thyroid disorders. PMID- 700758 TI - Serum digoxin levels in adults with and without digoxin toxicity (a 86Rb uptake inhibition study). PMID- 700759 TI - Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction--a comparative study. PMID- 700760 TI - Antagonism of isoproterenol-induced cardiac necrosis in mice by adenosine, dipyridamole and prenylamine. PMID- 700761 TI - Systolic time intervals in thyroid disorders. PMID- 700762 TI - Systolic time intervals in pericardial effusion and congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 700763 TI - Effects of angiocardiography on systolic time intervals. PMID- 700765 TI - Histological changes in coronary arteries in relation to age. PMID- 700764 TI - Systolic time intervals in atrial septal defect. A preliminary report. PMID- 700766 TI - Ventricular septal defect with shunt from left ventricle to right atrium. A case report. PMID- 700767 TI - Sinoatrial block and its reversion to sinus rhythm with lidocaine. A case report. PMID- 700768 TI - Characterization of the target cell receptor for IgE--IV. Isolation of IgE receptor complexes. PMID- 700769 TI - A thermodynamic model of binding of flexible bivalent haptens to antibody. PMID- 700770 TI - Chemiluminescence immunoassay: a new sensitive method for determination of antigens. PMID- 700771 TI - Evidences proving the intercalation hypothesis of the C-mediated complex release activity (CRA). PMID- 700772 TI - Characterization of antibodies against ceramidetrihexoside and globoside. PMID- 700773 TI - Isolation and characterization of a human mononuclear cell Fc receptor. PMID- 700774 TI - Purification of the i-antigen 51A from Paramecium tetraurelia by immunoaffinity chromatography. PMID- 700775 TI - Isolation of carcinoembryonic antigen by an improved procedure. PMID- 700776 TI - An analysis of the limits of resolution of binding experiments as assays for affinity heterogeneity. PMID- 700777 TI - Rat Clq: similarity to human Clq in functional and compositional properties. PMID- 700778 TI - The L1210 radioimmune assay for detecting circulating immune complexes. AB - A radioimmune assay for the detection and quantitation of circulating immune complexes has been developed which employs the L1210 murine leukemia cell. The assay is based upon the binding of immune complexes to the L1210 through its Fc receptor followed by quantitation of the complexes with an 125I-labelled anti IgG. The radioactivity of the cell pellet is referred to a standard curve generated by incubating the L1210 with known amounts of heat aggregated IgG (AIgG). 7S IgG of three species (human, canine, murine) do not bind significantly to the L1210 in contrast to the respective AIgG. The assay readily distinguishes between sera of healthy individuals and sera of individuals (human and canine) with diseases known to be associated with circulation immune complexes (i.e., systemic lupus erythematosus, HBAg positive acute hepatitis). The L1210 radioimmune assay is capable of detecting as little as 5 micrograms of immune complexes per ml of serum in all three species tested. The assay possesses several advantages over those currently employed, the most notable being the ability of the L1210 cell to detect immune complexes irrespective of their complement fixing properties. PMID- 700780 TI - Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. Mechanism of the resistance in animals genetically selected for high and low antibody production. AB - Mice genetically selected according to their capacity to produce antibody were orally infected with fifty muscle larvae. After 1 month, the number of larvae found in low responder mice was twice the number found in high responder mice. Following a second infection, low responder mice were completely protected while high responder mice showed only partial protection. It is suggested that the better resistance of high responder mice after a primary infection is due to their high and rapid antibody production. However, at the time of a secondary infection both lines of mice possess enough antibody to act on the effector cells (macrophages, eosinophils, etc.) and resistance is then dependent on the metabolic activity of these cells, which is more intense in the low responder mice. PMID- 700779 TI - Differentiation and activity of mast cells following immunization in cultures of lymph-node cells. AB - An extensive clonal differentiation into mast cells from primitive blast cell precursors occurred when lymph node cells obtained from mice immunized with horse serum were cultured on mouse embryonic skin monolayers. Horse serum was always present in the culture as a constituent of the nutritional medium. Mast cells developed to lesser extent also in cultures prepared from non-immunized mice. However, a clear difference in mast cell-granule ultrastructure and in histamine content was noted between the two. In cultures of lymph nodes cells from non immunized mice the granules were tiny and uniform in size and in staining density; whereas granules in the immune cultures were larger and non-uniform in size and in staining density, and the intragranular organization manifested alterations of various forms. The content of intracellular histamine per 10(6) mast cells was about equal in both cultures. However, much more free histamine (per 10(6) mast cells) gradually accumulated in cultures of the immune lymph node cells, indicating higher rates of synthesis and release of histamine. The mast cells were readily degranulated by heat-inactivated (IgG1) sera of the mice used as donors of the lymph node cells. 92% of the mast cells were degranulated and as much as 80% of the histamine was released. The degranulation was accompanied by an immediate (albeit reversible) response of the fibroblast cells in the monolayer. A shift of the well-stretched cytoplasm of the fibroblasts opened numerous 'window' over the whole monolayer. The degranulated mast cells survived the process and could be maintained further in the cultures. Moreover, they were capable of repeated degranulation, releasing 50% of their histamine, even after four degranulation cycles performed over a 7 days' period of culture. No cytotoxic effect on the mast cells was noted and the histamine content in culture, 3 days after degranulation, seemed to be higher than in the undergranulated control cultures--suggesting an intensified rate of histamine synthesis. PMID- 700781 TI - Effect of age on C1q and C3 levels in human serum and their presence in colostrum. AB - The initiating complement component (C1q) in the classical pathway of 730 subjects and the first essential component (C3) in the alternative pathway of 461 subjects in Japan were examined. The study population consisted of normal healthy newborns, infants, children, adults and the old (from birth up to 75 years of age). In cord sera, both C1q and C3 were about 60% to the total mean level. At 3 days of age, C1q markedly increased to the mean level which remained relatively invariable up to 40 years of age. And above 40 years, the C1q level increased steadily with age up to about 75 years of age. C3 reached the mean level at about 1 month of age, and was highest during infancy. This level declined at about puberty and then continued to increase steadily with age up to around 55 years. In normal healthy subjects, a moderate positive rank correlation was found between C1q and C3 amounts. No significant differences of C1q and C3 levels were evident between male and female. No C1q was demonstrable in the colostrum from which lipids were previously removed, but after concentration by precipitation in a chelating agent with a low ionic strength, C1q, measured immunochemically, was detectable at concentrations of 300 ng/ml of colostrum. C3 was also detected at concentrations of about 200 microgram/ml of colostrum. PMID- 700783 TI - Developmental changes of arylamidase activities in the rat testis & epididymis. PMID- 700784 TI - Estrogenic activity of DQ1--a steroidal lactone--isolated from Datura quercifolia. PMID- 700782 TI - Isolation and characterization of Fc-receptors shed from human peripheral mononuclear cells. AB - Supernatants of human peripheral mononuclear cells containing membrane components shed in consequence of 4--37 degrees temperature shift were used as source for isolation of Fc-receptors (FcR). Aggregated IgG1 myeloma protein and TMV-anti-TMV complexes proved suitable sorbents to adsorb quantitatively and specifically the FcR-s. The isolated FcR interacts only with IgG and not with IgM. No haemagglutination was observed when the isolated FcR was incubated with sensitized human Rh+ red blood cells. Complement dependent lysis of sheep red blood cells was not inhibited by the isolated FcR-s. The interaction between IgG and SpA from Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan I) bacteria was not inhibited when red blood cells sensitized with IgG were preincubated with the isolated FcR-s. The differences between the FcR-like material isolated from supernatants of peripheral human mononuclear cells and those secreted by stimulated T cells or produced by lymphoblastoid cell lines are discussed. PMID- 700785 TI - Cell death in reptilian limb morphogenesis. PMID- 700786 TI - Genetic transformation of enterobacteria & vibrios to streptomycin resistance. PMID- 700787 TI - Evaluation of antihemolytic, antiproteolytic & anticonvulsant activity of phenothiazines. PMID- 700788 TI - Effect of hemp dust (Cannabis sativa Linn.) on lungs & lymph nodes of guineapigs. PMID- 700789 TI - Effect of testosterone propionate on the changes of hyaluronidase & acid phosphatase activities in rat. PMID- 700790 TI - Relation of testicular ascorbic acid concentration to testicular development in Desi & White Leghorn poultry. PMID- 700791 TI - Lipid profile in blood & liver of acetyl salicylic acid treated rats & the possible mediations through prostaglandins. PMID- 700792 TI - Immunological analysis of mouse heart antigens. PMID- 700793 TI - Effect of various concentrations of trichloroacetic acid on the estimation of acid-soluble phosphorus constituents & acid nucleases from ram semen. PMID- 700794 TI - Cardiac vector distribution in apparently healthy buffaloes. PMID- 700795 TI - Trace element analysis of rat tissues by neutron activation technique without chemical separation. PMID- 700796 TI - Malathion toxicity & impairment of drug metabolism in liver & gills of the catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) PMID- 700797 TI - Change in ascorbic acid content of kidney following partial hepatectomy in the garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin). PMID- 700798 TI - Stimulation of mixed function oxidase system by ascorbic acid. PMID- 700799 TI - Antifertility activity of indigenous plants Sida carpinifolia Linn. & Podocarpus brevifolius Stapf in female rats. PMID- 700800 TI - Effect of levamisole, an immunostimulant, on poultry experimentally inoculated with Marek's disease virus. PMID- 700801 TI - Experimental ringworm infection in guineapig for the evaluation of drugs. PMID- 700802 TI - Effect of Majorana hortensis oil on metamorphosis of Aedes aegypti. PMID- 700803 TI - Citral--not a juvenile hormone mimic against insects. PMID- 700804 TI - A121--a new antifungal antibiotic. PMID- 700805 TI - Some histological & histochemical studies in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) during sub-chronic administration of dieldrin (HEOD). PMID- 700806 TI - Effect of starvation & hypophysectomy on amino acid levels of ovaries of Triturus pyrrhogaster laur. PMID- 700807 TI - Allergenicity of certain air-borne fungal spores of Lucknow urban area. PMID- 700808 TI - X-chromosome inactivation in an individual of Nesokia indica with heterozygous deletion C-heterochromatin. PMID- 700809 TI - Comparative study on certain serum components of normal & diabetic men & animals. PMID- 700810 TI - Amino acid catabolysing enzymes in rats fed magnesium deficient diet. PMID- 700811 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of Amura rohitaka & prednisolone on experimental allergic orchitis in guineapigs. PMID- 700812 TI - Differentiation of electric organ from muscle precursor in the regenerating tail of a weakly electric teleost: a morphogenetic approach. PMID- 700813 TI - Neurohistological & histochemical observations on the tongue of garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daud.). PMID- 700814 TI - Histochemical & histophysiological aspects of rat tongue. PMID- 700815 TI - Degree of unsaturation of dietary fat & metabolism of lipids in rats fed cholesterol free & cholesterol containing diet. PMID- 700816 TI - Effect of immobilization stress on implantation & pregnancy in rat. PMID- 700817 TI - Synchronization of oestrus in buffalo-heifers with estrumate & fertility with frozen semen. PMID- 700818 TI - Induction of sexual activity in corriedale rams with a testoserone preparation. PMID- 700819 TI - Effects of quinacrine administration on testicular function of the toad Bufo andersonii Boulenger. PMID- 700820 TI - Ruminal glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity in cattle & buffalo. PMID- 700821 TI - Effect of sumithion (Fenitrothion) on some selected enzyme systems in the fish Tilapia mossambica (Peters). PMID- 700822 TI - Effect of diabetes mellitus on membrane lipid constituents of human erythrocytes of different ages. PMID- 700823 TI - Effects of metanil yellow on human leucocyte chromosomes in vitro. PMID- 700824 TI - Haemotological studies in rabbits after three generations of high altitude. PMID- 700825 TI - Can asprin (acetyl salicylic acid) control mosquitoes? PMID- 700827 TI - Frequency distribution of myelinated cardiac & respiratory afferents in vagus & baroafferents in depressor nerves of rabbits & cats. PMID- 700826 TI - Adaptation rate of atrial endings in cats. PMID- 700828 TI - Changing patterns of lactic acid levels associated with starvation & insulin induced hypoglycemia in different regions of rabbit brain. PMID- 700829 TI - Effect of bengal gram supplementation on glycosaminoglycan fractions in egg-yolk induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. PMID- 700830 TI - Influence of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) on bile flow & hexabarbitone sleeping in experimental animals. PMID- 700831 TI - Diuretic effect of furosemide metolazone combination in anaesthetized dogs. PMID- 700832 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of DL-valine. PMID- 700833 TI - Absorption, distribution & excretion of scoparone: a potent hypotensive agent. PMID- 700834 TI - Effect of fatty acids on the growth of antibiotic sensitive & resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in nutrient & decalcified media. PMID- 700835 TI - Induction of dominant lethality in mice by influenza virus. PMID- 700836 TI - Predictive assays on individual human cancers to select active drug treatment. PMID- 700837 TI - Serotonin concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid in CNS tumours. PMID- 700838 TI - Serological surveillance of plague in endemic areas of south India. PMID- 700839 TI - Dimensional study of arch height and girths of foot in Panjabi children. PMID- 700840 TI - Appraisal of maternal and neonatal cord serum immunoglobulins in Indians. PMID- 700841 TI - Anaemia of leprosy. PMID- 700842 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis for Lancefield-grouping of streptococci. PMID- 700843 TI - In vitro calcification of human and rabbit bone matrix by physical and chemical methods. PMID- 700844 TI - Anti-gastric ulcer activity of nimbidin. PMID- 700845 TI - Metoprolol--a new cardioselective beta adrenoceptor antagonist in experimental cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 700846 TI - Route of transport of tetanus toxin to the CNS: fluorescence microscopy in experimental tetanus. PMID- 700847 TI - Q fever antibodies in domestic animals in south Kanara--a preliminary report. PMID- 700848 TI - Purification of toxoplasma haemagglutination antigen. PMID- 700849 TI - Toxoplasma antibody study in exanthematous states. PMID- 700850 TI - Action of 5-chloro-4'-nitro-salicylanilide on the cysticercoids of Hymenolepis nana in rats. PMID- 700851 TI - Use of the ratio of estrogens to creatinine in a single morning urine sample in the management of high risk pregnancy. PMID- 700852 TI - Characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus (Beneckea alginolytica) isolated from the fauna of Arabian sea. PMID- 700853 TI - Amniotic fluid glucose as an index of foetal maturity. PMID- 700854 TI - Role of Cu-IUD in cervical carcinogenesis: a follow up of 36 months. PMID- 700856 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in blood donors and pregnant women from southern Kerala. PMID- 700855 TI - Study of an epidemic of veno-occlusive disease in Afghanistan. PMID- 700857 TI - Cytosol and nuclear estradiol receptors in normal and cancerous breast tissue of women. PMID- 700858 TI - Evaluation of some clinical characteristics in assessing the maturity of newborns. PMID- 700859 TI - Correlates of age with height and weight of children. PMID- 700860 TI - Urethral calculi: a paediatric problem of urinary lithiasis. PMID- 700861 TI - The newborn baby- Kanpur studies. PMID- 700862 TI - Effects of obstetrical complications on the clinical features, morbidity and mortality of the newborn. PMID- 700863 TI - Congenital pyloric stenosis in infants. PMID- 700864 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestations among children attending hospital. PMID- 700865 TI - Relations between gestation period and certain maternal and foetal factors. PMID- 700866 TI - Haemodynamic effects of hypothalamic stimulation on skin and muscle venous beds. AB - Twenty three points mainly located in the posterior hypothalamus were stimulated to study its effect on the pressures, flows and calculated segmental resistances of the skin and muscle venous beds of hind limbs in the dog. Stimulation of these points produced a uniform pattern of rise in pressures of the muscle veins consisting consisting of a steep rise during stimulation followed by a rapid decline to basal level on its cessation. Skin veins, on the other hand registered a gradual increase in pressure during stimulation followed by a secondary rise during post stimulatory period. Large veins of both muscle and skin exhibited comparatively smaller pressure increases than small vein. These pressure changes were accompanied by a similar marked rise in systemic arterial pressure. Out of 23 points, 21 points produced similar increases in the calculated resistances of skin and muscle veins. Two points produced greater increase of the skin vein resistance. Total venous resistance of the limb was therefore, raised by all the points stimulated. None of these points elicited any fall in the pressures or calculated resistances of either the muscle or skin venous bed. Muscle venous outflow always registered an increase while the skin venous outflow recorded either a small increase or decrease or at times no change during the hypothalamic stimulation. These findings demonstrate that hypothalamic stimulation can profoundly alter the haemodynamics of the hind limb venous beds and actively mobilize the post capillary venous sections of both skin and muscle venous beds. PMID- 700867 TI - Evaluation of certain tranquillisers and sedative premedications on the safety index of volatile anaesthetics. AB - Safety index (S.I.) of ether, chloroform and halothane was determined in mice following premedication with chloral hydrate, phenobarbitone, diazepam and trifluoperazine given alone or in combination with atropine or hyoscine. The S.I. of ether was significantly raised by chloral hydrate and phenobarbitone when combined with atropine while trifluoperazine in combination with atropine or hyoscine lowered it. The S.I. of chloroform and halothane was raised by chloral hydrate, phenobarbitone and diazepam. The S.I. raising effects were augmented in chloroform anaesthesia and reduced in cases of halothane (except diazepam hyoscine) when these premedications were combined with atropine or hyoscine. PMID- 700868 TI - A study of some nitrogenous constituents in the newborn infants and their mothers. AB - Blood chemistry of 50 newborn infants and their mothers were studied for nitrogenous constituents of blood, i.e. urea, uric acid, creatinine, total proteins and their fractions. Total serum proteins, albumin and fractions of globulin of infants were found significantly lower than their mothers though the cord blood showed direct relationship to that of the maternal serum proteins. Values of total serum proteins of Indian infants were low as compared to their foreign counterparts. By contrast, globulin level was higher. Though the blood urea levels of infants and their mothers were within the normal range, the mean blood urea level of infants was significantly higher than their mothers. No significant difference was found in the mean uric acid and mean creatinine levels of the cord blood and maternal blood. PMID- 700869 TI - Effect of cannabis (bhang) extract on blood glucose and liver glycogen in albino rats. PMID- 700870 TI - Lipid content of human fallopian tube. PMID- 700872 TI - Leprosy in children. PMID- 700871 TI - Response of exercise on blood leucocytes and cholesterol in castrated and uncastrated male buffaloes. PMID- 700873 TI - Review of 100 cases of rheumatic fever in children. PMID- 700874 TI - Atypical manifestations in childhood leukemia. PMID- 700875 TI - Neonatal osteomyelitis: a clinical and follow-up study. PMID- 700876 TI - Oxytocin infusion during labour and neonatal jaundice. PMID- 700877 TI - A study of dwarfism with special reference to chromosomal aberrations. PMID- 700878 TI - Care of children under five years of age--2 years experience at a hospital out patients. PMID- 700879 TI - Comprehensive immunisation programme at Solapur. PMID- 700880 TI - Outcome of neonatal septicemia: a clinical and bacteriological profile. PMID- 700881 TI - Genetic aspects of Usher's syndrome. PMID- 700882 TI - The Klipple Feil syndrome: (a case report). PMID- 700883 TI - Multiple intracranial occlusions in a case of acute infantile hemiplegia. PMID- 700885 TI - Alkaptonuria: (a case report). PMID- 700884 TI - Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome (a case report). PMID- 700886 TI - Clinicopathologic spectrum of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 700887 TI - Cytocidal activity and proliferative ability of macrophages infiltrating the EMT6 tumor. AB - The EMT6 mouse tumor was selected for use in the study of cytocidal activity and proliferative ability of infiltrating macrophages because of its high plating efficiency when explanted to culture. The plating efficiency for cells directly plated in culture from the tumor was 28 +/- 9.3%, irrespective of the size of the tumor. Of the adherent cells derived from the tumor, the fraction that was macrophages increased from 27% at 7 days to 47% at 28 days after initial injection. Time-lapse cinemicrography was used to directly observe adherent cells derived from the tumor, and macrophages were found to be cytocidal. When grown in the presence of L-cell conditioned medium no macrophage colonies were found when cultures were established from untreated mice even though most tumor cell colonies contained macrophages. When mice were first treated with 0.8 mg BCNU prior to establishment of the cultures, in order to reduce the frequency of colony-forming tumor cells, approximately half the colonies found contained only macrophages. These results show that macrophages in this tumor are cytocidal and capable of proliferation. PMID- 700888 TI - DNA damage in liver, colon, stomach, lung and kidney of BALB/c mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - DNA single-strand breaks induced in various organs of BALB/c mice by treatment with a single dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were studied by means of the alkaline elution method modified in order to allow the evaluation of DNA damage in vivo with no need of radioactive prelabelling. DNA damage was detected in liver, lung, kidney, stomach and colon mucosa, with the liver showing the greatest amount of damage. Its degree was dependent on the dose and route of administration. A differential effect was evident in colon mucosa from Swiss and C57BL/6 mice which are respectively susceptible and resistant to the induction of bowel tumors by DMH. The higher degree of DNA damage found in liver in comparison with colon mucosa is consistent with the previously reported higher degree of DNA methylation, but does not correlate with the specificity of this carcinogen in inducing tumors of the large intestine in mice given repeated subcutaneous injections. PMID- 700889 TI - Some mechanisms involved in cancer cell detachment by necrotic material. PMID- 700890 TI - Inhibition by lymphoblastoid interferon of growth of cells derived from the human breast. AB - Human lymphoblastoid interferon inhibited the growth in vitro of fibroblasts and epithelial cells from normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic human breast tissue. At an interferon concentration of 10(3) inter-national units (IU) per ml, the inhibitory effects on monolayer growth were completely reversible but the growth potential of cells at lower density in colony-forming cultures was not completely recovered. Studies on the cell cycle distribution of interferon-treated cells demonstrated that the growth-inhibitory effect was not due to an effect on one specific phase of the cell cycle, but to a lengthening of all phases. PMID- 700891 TI - Failure of selective screening for breast cancer by combining risk factors. AB - The possibilities of selective screening to reduce the costs of screening programmes for breast cancer were considered. Discriminant function analysis was used in an effort to describe a high-risk group of breast cancer, which will be subjected to screening. The high-risk group consisted of females with a combination of reproductive and hormone use characteristics. One-fifth of the breast cancer cases remained in the low-risk group, when the high-risk group was small enough (two-thirds of the population) to yield a meaningful reduction in costs. Selective screening for breast cancer seems to have only limited applicability and is not effective enough for application in public health work. PMID- 700892 TI - Effects of carcinogen dose on the characteristics of the tracheal tumor response induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea in hamsters. AB - Tracheal tumors were induced by repeated intratracheal exposures to the carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU), using a catheter system previously described. Carcinogen concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0% were employed in 20 or 30 twice-weekly exposures. Most of the tumors developed in the mid-portion of the tracheas. Virtually all tumors developed after the end of the 10- to 15-week exposure period. Tumor incidence ranged from 20-94% with mean tumor induction times of 13-46 weeks, depending on NMU concentration and frequency of exposure (i.e., dose). At lower doses, mostly non-invasive tumors were induced; at higher doses, mostly invasive carcinomas of various histological types (epidermoid, adeno-, epidermoid-adeno, and anaplastic large- and small-cell carcinomas) were induced. Adenocarcinomas were most frequent at low NMU concentrations. The possible mechanisms of the carcinogen dose effects are discussed. PMID- 700893 TI - Inhibition of morphological transformation induced with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine in cultures of hamster embryo cells by 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine photolysis. AB - The present study was performed in order to determine whether type III transformed foci induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine originate from the small subpopulation of cells stimulated by the carcinogen to enter DNA synthesis. During the last 30 min of variable treatment periods using different doses of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, administered alone or in association with the thymidine analogue, 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (0.98 x 10( 5)M), the density-inhibited monolayers of hamster embryo cells were exposed to fluorescent light and then assayed for abnormal growth patterns by the focus formation method. Mock-irradiated cultures as well as monolayers whose medium lacked N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine, 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, or both, served as controls. The cytotoxicity of 5'-bromo-2'- deoxyuridine + N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine + photolysis (BMP) protocol on confluent as well as logarithmically growing hamster embryo cells was estimated in single-cell survival experiments. Plating efficiency determinations have demonstrated that, unlike their actively growing counterparts, confluent hamster embryo cell monolayers are extremely resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the BMP protocol. The quantitative transformation assays indicated that: (1) in non-illuminated cultures addition of 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine to carcinogen-containing medium does affect transformation frequency of hamster embryo cells in the sense that the incidence of type III foci did not subside at later intervals during the post carcinogen administration period as it did in the absence of the analogue; (2) irradiation of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and halogenated pyrimidine analogue-treated cultures with fluorescent light practically suppressed transformation; (3) analogue-added and analogue-removed experiments pointed out that the event(s) on which 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine fluorescent light sensitization of morphological transformation largely depends, takes place between 5 and 15 h after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine administration, i.e., during the period of maximal carcinogen-stimulated DNA synthesis; and (4) neither fluorescent light nor 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, singly or in combination, were able to transform cultures of hamster embryo cells. These findings are strong indirect arguments for the concept that carcinogen-induced DNA synthesis and the initiation of transformed clones are causally related. PMID- 700894 TI - Secretion of plasminogen activator by normal, reactive and neoplastic human tissues cultured in vitro. AB - Plasminogen activator secretion by 39 primary or early-passage cultures of malignant human neoplasms has been compared with that of 16 similar cultures of benign neoplasms and 39 cultures of normal or reactive tissue. While normal cells of mesenchymal or neural origin secreted considerably less plasminogen activator than did cells from frankly malignant tissues, elevated levels of enzyme secretion were also encountered in cultures of benign neoplastic or reactive cells. In the case of epithelial tissue, no consistent relationship between plasminogen activator secretion and neoplasia could be documented. Our failure to observe, for any particular cell type, a reproducible correlation between malignancy and plasminogen activator secretion may be attributable to the artificial conditions of in vitro culture, where normal in vivo regulatory mechanisms do not obtain. PMID- 700895 TI - Interferon and spontaneous cytotoxicity in man. I. Enhancement of the spontaneous cytotoxicity of peripheral lymphocytes by human leukocyte interferon. AB - A purified preparation of human leukocyte interferon used at this hospital in the treatment of malignant diseases was tested for its ability to modify the spontaneous cytotoxicity of peripheral lymphocytes from healthy donors. The inhibitory effect of allogeneic lymphocytes on the (3H)thymidine incorporation of a lymphoblastoid cell line, Raji, was augmented by the presence of interferon or by pretreatment of the lymphocytes with interferon. This form of pretreatment also increased lymphocytes' capacity for reducing the number of surface-adherent tumor cells in a microassay. Moreover, lymphocytes treated with interferon exhibited an enhanced cytotoxic capacity for target cells on incubation with such cells labelled with 51CR. PMID- 700896 TI - The circulating alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in gynaecologic tumours. PMID- 700897 TI - Nonspecific activation of complement by leukemic cells. AB - Non-specific activation of complement (NAC) on cell membranes via the alternative pathway was studied by using leukemic cells and cells from a generalized reticulohistiocytosis. The cells were treated with normal human serum in veronal buffered saline containing ethyleneglycoltetraacetrate and MG++. Since human erythrocytes (HuE) are known to adhere to complement-reacted cell membranes in an immune adherence reaction, complement activation on the cell membrane was confirmed by the rosette formation of HuE which is due to the generation of C3b molecules on the cell membrane. Only cells from Schilling-type acute monocytic leukemias and cells from a generalized reticulohistiocytosis possessed NAC ability. All other leukemic cells tested, as well as normal hematopoietic and lymphoreticular cells, were NAC-negative. Furthermore, none of the mitogens tested generated NAC ability on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 700898 TI - BCG treatment of transplanted rat tumours of spontaneous origin. AB - Six transplanted rat tumours (three mammary carcinomas and three fibrosarcomas), all of spontaneous origin and of limited immunogenicity, have been examined for susceptibility to immunotherapy with BCG (Glaxo). Growth of limited numbers of cells from five tumours was suppressed when cells were injected subcutaneously in admixture with BCG organisms. There was no clear correlation between the immunogenicity of tumour lines and their susceptibility to regionally applied BCG. Active specific immunotherapy, using vaccines of viable or radiation attenuated tumour cells in admixture with BCG, was reproducibly successful with only one tumour, the mammary carcinoma Sp4, this being the most immunogenic of the tumours examined. These studies indicate that naturally arising tumours are less susceptible to BCG-mediated suppression than carcinogen-induced tumours widely used for experimental immunotherapy, but indicate that local application of BCG may give the best therapeutic response. PMID- 700899 TI - Neoplastic transformation of canine embryo cells in vitro by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. AB - A cell line derived from a normal beagle embryo was treated in vitro with various levels of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or dimethyl sulfoxide (control). Cells treated only with the carcinogen underwent morphologic alteration in vitro, and one of these altered cell lines produced tumors subcutaneously when injected into NIH nude mice. The tumorigenic transformed line formed larger cell aggregates and grew in this aggregate form when suspended in liquid growth medium above an agar base. PMID- 700900 TI - Oncogenicity of Friend-virus-infected cells: determination of origin of spleen colonies by the H-2 antigens as genetic markers. AB - Spleen cells from mice infected with Friend leukemia virus (FLV) inoculated by the intravenous route give rise to macroscopically visible colonies in the spleens of normal F1 histocompatible hybrid hosts. A study of H-2 antigens as generic markers for identification of strains of origin of cells constituting the spleen colonies was undertaken. The standard cytotoxic test was demonstrated to be suitable for characterizing the H-2 antigens present on the surface of spleen cells from normal of FLV-leukemic parents of F1 hybrid mice. Individual colonies dissected out of the spleen of (C3HxC57B6/6) F1 recipients (H-2k/H-2b), 10 days after the intravenous graft of FLV-infected spleen cells of C3H origin (H-2k), were all sensitive to anti-C57BL/6 antibodies. In the same way, colonies obtained from the spleens of (DBA/2xC57BL/10) F1 recipients (H-2d/H-2b) grafted with DBA/2 leukemic spleen cells (H-2d) were all sensitive to both anti-H-2b and anti-H-2d antibodies. These results directly prove that the main cell population constituing a spleen colony arises from the recipient. The authors conclude that the spleen colonies do not result from the neoplastic proliferation of injected donor cells but rather from the multiplication of host cells transformed by Friend virus produced by the grafted cells. PMID- 700901 TI - Comparative aspects of circadian rhythms in homeotherms, re-entrainment after phase shifts of the zeitgeber. AB - Re-entrainment of circadian activity of 3 avian species (Fringillidae: Fringilla coelebs, Carduelis chloris, Pyrrhula pyrrhula) and 4 mammalian species (Rodentia: Eutamias sibiricus, Funambulus pennanti, Glis glis, Mesocricetus auratus), subjected to 12:12 h light-dark (LD) cycles as zeitgeber, was studied after shifting the LD cycle by different amounts (hours) and in different directions (advances and delays). The properties of the zeitgeber were changed by varying light intensity during dark-time (ID) and/or light-time (IL). After 6 and 9-h advance and delay shifts of the LD cycle, the 3 species of finches similarly re entrained their activity rhythms in the direction of the shifted zeitgeber. After 10.5 and 12-h shifts, the majority of individuals re-entrained by delay phase shifts of the rhythms. After two successive 6-h advance or delay shifts (resulting in inversion of the LD cycle) most finches responded by advances. Generally, the time needed for re-entrainment of 2/3 of the full shift (2/3 tr) in finches dependend on: (a) the direction of the phase shift ('asymmetry effect'), and (b) the phase-angle difference between onset of activity and light on (psio) before the shift. After 12-h shifts, species-specific differences in the direction of re-entrainment and in the slope of the relationship between 2/3 tr and psio were found. In two rodents, the nocturnal golden hamster and the diurnal Siberian chipmunk, the direction of re-entrainment following inversion of the LD cycle depended on psio. In both species, 2/3 tr after inversion of the zeitgeber was significantly longer than in the common dormouse. In chipmunks, changes in 2/3 tr were correlated with changes in psio due to systematic variation of the zeitgeber properties (range and/or mean level). After 6-h phase shifts, the 'asymmetry effect' was opposite in the two nocturnal rodents, the hamster and the dormouse. It is suggested that the time course (direction and rate) of re-entrainment was influenced by differences in the characteristics of the circadian systems and their responses ('sensitivity') to light changes in the various species of birds and mammals. PMID- 700902 TI - Seasonal fluctuations of the circadian changes in rabbit visual evoked potentials. AB - Two rabbits were exposed for more than a year to the natural cycles of daylight and darkness. At intervals of 2 months and less records were taken of the time course of the 24 hr rhythm appearing in constant conditions in their cortical flash-evoked responses. It appeared that the rhythm can be programmed as well by the natural light-dark alternations as by artificial cycles. In temperate zones this "natural programming" causes large seasonal fluctuations in the time course of the rhythm which reflects, over the major part of the year and with remarkable precision, the times of sunrise and sunset and, in consequence, the length of the day. The possible significance of fixing daylength temporarily in the nervous system is discussed in connection with Bunning's hypothesis on the causation of seasonal photoperiodism. PMID- 700903 TI - Circadian variations of ovarian ascorbic acid depletion in response to luteinising hormone in the rat. AB - The ovarian ascorbic acid (OAA) was titrated, three hours after an I.V. injection of either saline or LH, administered to 46 day-old Sprague Dawley female rats pretreated with P.M.S., H.C.G., and estradiol benzoate (and undecylate). The rats were killed at specific times along the 24-hour scale (L.D. 12:12; L 06(00) to 18(00); Ambient temperature 24 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C). The OAA content varied with a statistically significant circadian rhythm in the controls. The minimum dose of LH effecting OAA depletion varied systematically with the circadian system phase. OAA depletion increases with the dose of LH, and also depends on the circadian time that the animal is killed; it is maximum at the same time that the OAA peak is found in the controls. The slope of the linear regression (quantity of OAA as a function of the logarithm of the LH doses administered) is always significant, but varies over the 24-hour span; in consequence the LH biological titration must be carried out rapidly, the optimal circadian time for killing the animals is about 16(30). PMID- 700904 TI - Growth rhythms of the cartilage of the mandibular condyle: effects of orthopaedic appliances. AB - The growth rate of the cartilage of the mandibular condyle in the young rat exhibits: - a circadian cycle with a maximum of the 3H-thymidine labelled cells around 13(00) and a minimum around 01(00); with a maximum in the number of mitoses around 21(00) and a minimum around 09(00). - a circannual cycle with a maximum in May and a minimum between November and January, and with a difference in rhythms between May and November. The condylar cartilage growth in response to orthopaedical appliances of the mandible is modified and exhibits: - circadian variations. - circannual variations. The responsiveness of the condylar cartilage to orthopaedic appliances is greater when the condylar cartilage growth rate is higher. PMID- 700905 TI - Ethical problems in clinical psychopharmacology. AB - The present article originates from some intriguing problems which the author, working as a clinical pharmacologist and psychiatrist, was faced with during clinical investigations. Practical difficulties appearing at first glance as of a rather methodological nature often reveal themselves as ethical questions. Investigation of psychotropic drugs in normal volunteers as well as in psychiatric patients is taken as a model to exemplify certain fundamental ethical aspects of medical research. It is emphasized that the "solution" of ethical problems cannot be achieved by referring to a given code of norms which themselves depend on certain historical circumstances, but rather by recognizing and reasoning the conflicts which result from various moral maxims. Clinical psychopharmacology should not only be conscious of its methodological shortcomings and future goals but also accept the justification of discussions about the ethical and legal questions involved in its dealings and take an active part in these debates. With regard to the relationship between patient and investigator, "solidarity" [23] instead of ongoing paternalism or legal formalism, appears to be a realistic goal. This is also true in the area of psychopharmacological research. PMID- 700906 TI - Effects of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ on nucleic acids and proteins syntheses by tumor and normal liver cells. AB - The effects of increasing extracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the uptake of 14C-thymidine, 3H-uridine and 14C-leucine by Novikoff hepatoma and normal liver cells have been studied. Increasing concentrations of Ca2+ stimulate all the three incorporations while Mg2+ exhibits an inhibitory effect. Liver cells presented a higher cation permeation induced by the extracellular concentration than hepatoma cells which also seems to explain the quantitative differences observed in the studied syntheses. The importance of the extracellular cation-cell membrane interaction in these effects is discussed. PMID- 700907 TI - Pharmacological reevaluation of gitoxin in man. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to reevaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of gitoxin in man. Gitoxin given as a solution is quasi-completely absorbed after oral administration in a fasting man. A dose of 1.5 mg modifies the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI) as digoxin or digitoxin does. The biological half-life of gitoxin calculated on the basis of plasma concentrations or urinary data is about one day. The urinary elimination of gitoxin is smaller than 21% of the dose. Therefore the two main advantages of gitoxin versus digoxin or digitoxin are: 1) its short biological half-life and 2) its elimination being less dependent on the renal function of the patient. PMID- 700908 TI - Human myocardium and plasma digoxin concentration in patients on long-term digoxin therapy. AB - Digoxin concentration of 14 left ventricular papillary muscles and 36 right atrial appendages of 45 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were determined by the NEN 125J-radioimmunoassay. Blood specimens for digoxin assay were withdrawn immediately before operation, 12 to 16 hr after the last digitalis dose. Mean papillary muscle digoxin concentration was 76.1 ng/g +/- 25.5; mean ratio to plasma digoxin level, 36.8:1. The mean concentration of right atrial appendages was 41.8 ng/g; mean ratio, 29.9:1. Most of the tissue specimens were examined histologically using Hematoxylin-Eosin and van Gieson stains. No clear relation between tissue digoxin concentration and hisological alteration, i.e., the degree of fibrosis or lipomatosis, could be found, although most severe alterations were found in right atrial appendages corresponding to a higher variation in tissue concentrations and a poorer correlation to plasma digoxin (r = 0.47, respectively for papillary muscle r = 0.73). PMID- 700909 TI - Dose equations without protein-binding parameters. AB - Simple and practical dose equations for oral administration and intravenous infusion are derived by means of pharmacokinetics. These equations have no troublesome parameters for adsorption of drug on protein in blood, as these are eliminated with the help of information obtained by the pilot dosing. PMID- 700910 TI - Kinetics of drug interactions in the treatment of epilepsy. AB - The interactions of antiepileptic drugs in multiple drug treatment have been discussed. Although some combinations may lead to predictable increase or decrease of clearance of the respective drugs, most combinations will individually lead to a reduced predictability. Monitoring plasma concentrations may lead to adaptations of the choice of the drug and of the dosage regimen. Also physiological conditions control the individual clearance of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 700911 TI - Pharmacokinetics of chlordiazepoxide and metabolites following single and multiple oral doses. AB - Three healthy volunteers (2 male and one female) participated in single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic studies of oral chlordiazepoxide (CDX) hydrochloride. Following single 50-mg oral doses of CDX.HCl, absorption and elimination proceeded as apparent first-order processes. Values of absorption half-life were: 14.5, 189, and 18.9 minutes; elimination half-lives were: 7.6, 9.8, and 12.6 hours. Disappearance of CDX was mirrored by appearance of its first active metabolite, desmethylchlordiazepoxide (DMCDX). During once-daily ingestion of 50 mg of CDX.HCl, observed values of CDX accumulation half-life (0.0, 5.8, and 52.5 hours) differed substantially from values predicted based upon the single dose study; pre-dose steady-state CDX blood concentrations also differed from the predicted values. Accumulation half-lives for the metabolite DMCDX were: 17.7, 9.9, and 15.8 hours. Accumulation in blood of a second active metabolite, demoxepam (DMX), proceeded with half-life values of 21.1, 34.2, and 78.5 hours. Minimum steady-state concentrations of DMCDX and DMX exceeded those of the parent compound. Thus accumulation and persistence of at least two active metabolites during long-term treatment with chlordiazepoxide renders the drug suitable for single-daily dose therapy of anxiety. PMID- 700912 TI - The estimation of drug plasma levels in epileptics. AB - The estimation of antiepileptic drugs in plasma is an indispensble resource in the handling of seizure patients in many countries. Using our results, simple methods for the estimation of antiepileptic drugs are discussed. PMID- 700913 TI - Problems in the kinetic evaluation of capacity-limited processes by means of the analog computer MEDA 82 T. AB - A method for the calculation of dose-dependent pharmaco-kinetics by means of a combined zero and first-order model at the analog computer is presented. The results of the combined model can be converted into Michaelis-Menten parameters using simple equations. The method is usable for i.v. injection and for e.v. modes of application in the case of cmax greater than c = co/e. PMID- 700914 TI - Effect of antirheumatic drugs on proteinases in synovia of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Synovia and synovial fluid proteinases were determined in 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were using different kinds of antirheumatic medications. Significantly lower cathepsin B1-like proteinase activity (only 10% of control) was found in the synovial fluid of patients with chloroquine treatment, and significantly lower neutral trypsin-substrate hydrolysing proteinase activity (about 30% of control) was found in the synovia of patients with phenylbutazone treatment. No significant differences were found with other medications: gold, indomethacin, cortisone, acetylsalicyclic acid. No definitive correlations between disease activity parameters and proteinase activities could be found. PMID- 700915 TI - Estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin from serum, saliva and urine. AB - The pharmacokinetics of digoxin was studied in 14 healthy volunteers using concentrations measured radioimmunologically in the serum, saliva and urine. The subjects were given 0.75 mg of digoxin intravenously. Serum and saliva were obtained over a 72 hr period and urinary excretion rates over 6 or 7 days. Binding of digoxin to serum proteins was determined by ultracentrifugalization. A linear correlation between the serum and saliva concentrations was found. Salivary levels were equal to the unbound fraction in the serum. The half-lives of distribution did not differ between the serum and saliva. An erroneously short half-life of elimination was found in the serum, but in the saliva and urine it was found to be in the range previously reported. Salivary level measurements may be useful in pharmacokinetic studies and may have important clinical implications. PMID- 700916 TI - An outlook on pharmacokinetics in chemotherapy. PMID- 700917 TI - Effect of clonidine (Haemiton) on plasma renin level and angiotensin sensitivity in man. AB - The effect of clonidine and of clonidine + spironolactone on renin activity and angiotensin sensitivity has been studied in 15 persons. Clonidine-induced angiotensin pressor dose and renin level reduction have been abolished by spironolactone. The phenomenon is explained by the contrary effects of the two drugs on renin activity and angiotensin sensitivity. Other possible mechanisms of antihypertensive clonidine effect are also discussed. PMID- 700918 TI - Carcinogens and analogs: trace analysis of thirteen compounds in admixture in wastewater and human urine. AB - A gas chromatographic method is described for determining traces of 13 carcinogens and related compounds (aromatic amines and estrogens) in admixture in wastewater and human urine. This method was developed for use in toxicological research for monitoring the safe disposal of wastewater and to signal any accidental exposure of personnel to hazardous test substances. Salient elements of the procedure are: extraction of phenolic and neutral residues from the acidified sample, liquid--liquid partitioning cleanup and separation of neutral from phenolic residues at pH 14 and 10.2, acid hydrolysis of the neutral component, subsequent alkalinization of the sample and extraction of the basic residues as the free amines, conversion of all residues to the corresponding pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivatives and quantification by electron-capture gas chromatography. Residues were detectable in wastewater and urine at the 0.1 and 1 ppb levels, respectively. Additional information is provided concerning partition values for all PFP derivatives in five solvent systems, structure verification of the derivatives by mass spectrometry and the adaption of this method to the monitoring of surfaces and air in potentially contaminated work areas. PMID- 700919 TI - N-alkylation of amino acid residues by chloromethyl groups. A potential side reaction in the solid phase peptide synthesis. AB - A serious side reaction in the peptide synthesis on the Merrifield resin was observed during attempts to synthesize the TMV fragment, Asn-Pro-Thr-Thr-Ala (101 -105). The side reaction is consistent with N-alkylation of the amino groups by the residual chloromethyl groups on the resin, which lowers the total yield and complicates evaluation of monitoring data during the synthesis. It is shown that several amino acids can be N-alkylated in different positions in the peptide chain and in different solvents. The extent of N-alkylation is in some cases 50%. PMID- 700920 TI - Determination of the intramolecular tyrosine-tryptophan distance in a 7-peptide related to the C-terminal sequence of cholecystokinin. AB - The solution conformation of a 7-peptide with the C-terminal sequence of cholecystokinin was investigated by evaluation of intramolecular resonance energy transfer between tyrosine (donor) in position 1 and tryptophan (acceptor) in position 4. From the relative enhancement of acceptor fluorescence a transfer efficiency of 0.70 +/- 0.04 was determined. The use of this parameter in Forster's equation permitted the calculation of the average intramolecular tyrosine-tryptophan separation, whereby the assumption of random donor-acceptor orientation was made. The resulting average distance of 10.0 +/- 0.3 A suggests some type of a folded conformation and excludes the existence of a fully extended chain in the N-terminal part of the peptide. A comparison with tyrosine tryptophan distances observed in other biologically active polypeptides is made. PMID- 700921 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of oxytocin, desaminooxytocin and 4-Thr-oxytocin using active esters in presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. AB - Using appropriate amino acid active esters (3 eq.) in presence of HOBt (1 eq.) and employing DPM protection for the thiol function of cysteine, a rapid synthesis of oxytocin in the solid phase has been accomplished. The DPM group has been removed by sodium-liquid ammonia reduction since boiling TFA is ineffective. Desaminooxytocin and 4-Thr-oxytocin have been synthesized using lesser quantities of amino acid active esters (1.5 eq.) in presence of HOBt (1 eq.), but the durations of coupling are longer. The solid-phase synthesis of desamino-oxytocin using appropriate Boc-amino acids in presence of DCCI in toluene medium has been described. Toluene does not exert any significant accelerating influence on the coupling rate as it does when active esters are employed. PMID- 700922 TI - betah-endorphin: antidiuretic effects in rats. AB - Human beta-endorphin (betah-EP) inhibits urine flow in rats. This antidiuretic effect of the peptide occurs after intravenous and intraventricular injections. Intravenously, betah-EP is 24 times more potent than morphine. Intraventricularly, betah-EP is 24 times more potent than morphine. Intraventricularly, betah-EP is effective at doses (0.45 microgram) which have no antidiuretic activity when injected intravenously. This fact suggests that one site of the antidiuretic action of betah-endorphin may be in the central nervous system. Animals tolerant to morphine are also tolerant to the antidiuretic effects of betah-endorphin. PMID- 700923 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of a new type of cardiotoxin of Bungarus fasciatus venom. PMID- 700924 TI - Teaching psychological medicine on hospital rounds: a liaison experiment. AB - An unusual version of liaison psychiatry is described in which the object of the liaison is the practicing physician in the hospital setting. Hospital work rounds were used as teaching rounds at frequent intervals over a relatively long time span. The paper demonstrates the usefulness and feasibility of such a project. The processes and principles of teaching psychological medicine in this way are described and exemplified. PMID- 700925 TI - Sexual dysfunction in renal failure: a survey of chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - Eighteen chronic hemodialysis patients were interviewed by staff trained in sex therapy. Compared with the pre-uremic phase, sexual satisfaction was less in nine subjects, greater in four; frequency of intercourse had declined in ten subjects. Dysfunctions of sexual response were reported by five men and six women. Analysis of physical factors, medication and depression showed no clear association with sexual dysfunction, suggesting the importance of psychosocial factors. A trial of sex therapy in renal patients in proposed. PMID- 700926 TI - Psychiatric and biochemical correlates of respiratory decompensation in a terminal and non-terminal chronic pulmonary disease patient. AB - A psychiatric and biochemical study was undertaken at the request of two patients who were thought to be terminally ill by the medical staff. One patient accepted dying and expired from her disease. The other patient wished to continue living and did not die. The dying patient exhibited abnormally high levels of catecholamine excretion which were not associated with verbal reports of anxiety or discomfort and did not seem upset or uncomfortable to the physician and nurses caring for her. The patient who lived had relatively low levels of catecholamine excretion and was anxious, irritable and uncomfortable. The behavior of these two patients differed during the period of acute respiratory failure. The dying patient had given up and felt that she was engaging in goal-directed activity which she would or could not shut off. The patient who lived was frightened of dying and felt that she would overcome her current difficulties and that she was not ready or willing to die. The major cardiovascular differences were those of a significantly lower blood pressure and higher heart rate in the patient who died. PMID- 700927 TI - Evaluating liaison program effectiveness: the use of unobtrusive measurement. AB - The author suggests that the goal of liaison psychiatry as well as its organizational and clinical properties require the use of measures which are non reactive and developmental in nature. In this paper four categories are theorized as representing the implicit working assumptions of nonpsychiatric housestaff in clinical formulation. By analyzing the overt and latent assumptions of the questions presented to a liaison psychiatrist in patient care conferences, the author illustrates how the assumptions can change through six levels of development. Changes within the assumptions are then used as criteria for program effectiveness since the working assumptions represent preconditions to holistic care. Potential uses of this global scheme for evaluating liaison programs are suggested. PMID- 700928 TI - Digitalis delirium: psychiatric considerations. AB - Digitalis is a ubiquitous drug in modern clinical medicine and digitoxicity is one of the more common iatrogenic disorders. Psychiatric problems are often overlooked as manifestations of digitalis excess and may range from mild disorientation, lethargy, or restlessness to full blown delirium. In this paper we discuss two patients who presented to a psychiatric inpatient unit and were later found to be digitoxic. Psychiatrists are advised to consider digitalis as a possible cause of mental abnormalities and are reminded that psychiatric signs may be the first indication of a potentially lethal drug toxicity. Psychiatric patients may also be at special risk for the development of digitoxicity because of erratic drug taking, electrolyte imbalance or increased autonomic tone. PMID- 700929 TI - Teaching family psychodynamics in a family practice center: one experience. AB - This paper describes a method of teaching family psychodynamics in a new family practice center. Initially, there were difficulties in engaging staff because of inappropriate teaching methods and personal and professional identity conflicts. Ultimately, a sequential program of video playbacks, live interviews and case conferences was developed. The residents' four-month rotation in psychiatry proved essential for developing comfort with psychological and familial aspects of psyical illness. PMID- 700930 TI - The liaison psychiatrist in cardiovascular rehabilitation: an overview. AB - Depression, anxiety and fear of recurrence following myocardial infarction often lead to disability in excess of actual cardiac impairment in a large number of patients. The high social, economic and emotional cost of psychogenic cardiac invalidism has stimulated the development of cardiovascular rehabilitation programs throughout the country. The liaison psychiatrist can play a critical role in the rehabilitation effort. This paper describes the psychological impact of the rehabilitation process in combating psychogenic cardiac disability. The conflicts of the post-infarction patient and their management by the rehabilitation team are presented from the perspective of the team psychiatrist. Cardiovascular rehabilitation as described is a productive area for psychiatric liaison, through individual consultation, group therapy sessions and team meetings which address the psychosocial issues of convalescence. PMID- 700931 TI - Preoperative work-up in breast surgery. AB - Our patients who are to undergo breast surgery are placed into one of four groups with a number of subdivisions. Each has a variable amount of preoperative work-up depending on the patient's age and constitutional status, the degree of suspicion as to the malignancy of the lesion, the type of anesthesia (local or general), the place where the biopsy is being done (in-patient or out-patient)and on the type of informed consent signed by the patient. Breast x-rays are used on a judicious and selective basis and thermography and ultrasound are used routinely. PMID- 700932 TI - Changing concepts in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in the last twenty-four years: 10,000 thoracic and cardiovascular operations. AB - On July 27, 1977, the ten thousandth operation was performed by the author in commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical College, Sapporo. Changing concepts in modern or postwar thoracic and cardiovascular surgery during the past two decades are discussed. PMID- 700933 TI - Xenon-133 muscular flow measurements in surgery for arterial disease of the lower limbs. AB - Muscular flow measurements were carried out in 34 patients with peripheral chronic arterial occlusive disease using the 133-xenon clearance method. The reactive hyperemia technique was preferred to the walking test. All the patients were investigated by angiography and 46 limbs were available for assessment. Control flow measurements were done after treatment in the following groups: arterial reconstruction in ten limbs of nine patients, unilateral lumbar sympathectomy in three and medical therapy in seven. Follow-up was from three to 12 months. The findings of flow measurements were of limited value in identifying the distribution of the arterial disease, but they provided a reliable means to predict the results of direct arterial repair in various procedures. They also proved to be a valuable method to assess the results of surgery. This does not seem to apply to lumbar sympathectomy or conservative treatment. PMID- 700934 TI - Treatment for cerebral embolism following prosthetic valve replacement. PMID- 700936 TI - Management of small bowel obstruction: forty years' personal experience. PMID- 700935 TI - Esophageal reflux after gastrectomy: a hazard after Billroth-I subtotal gastrectomy. AB - One hundred and seventy-six patients were evaluated for esophageal reflux after gastrectomy. Apart from proximally and totally gastrectomized cases, the conventional Billroth-I type of distal subtotal gastrectomy destroys many esophageal reflux preventive mechanisms. The Roux-en-Y type of repair should be adopted for the prevention of reflux. PMID- 700937 TI - Pathophysiology and management of acute gastric mucosal hemorrhage. PMID- 700938 TI - Immunology: a primer for surgeons. PMID- 700939 TI - Selection for surgery and long-term results in renovascular hypertension. AB - From 1960 to December 1977, 251 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) were observed; 219 were operated upon. Long-term results were assessed in 130 patients. Selection for surgery follows three steps: 1) screening of patients with renal artery disease, which is done by angiography; 2) diagnosis of RVH, which is reached mainly by differential renal function studies and renal vein renin measurements (ancillary methods are intravenous pyelography and sequential scintigraphy; the significance of renin measurements is discussed); and 3) prediction of the results of surgery and choice of technique. An original dynamic test of the authors is employed and reconstruction of the renal artery is the procedure of choice. This is done in the majority of cases by aortorenal bypass grafts using dacron prostheses. Techniques and complications are discussed and comparison with venous autograft is made. Hospital mortality was 3.2%. Overall long-term results were favorable in 78%. Long-term mortality was 6% and occurred mainly in patients who remained hypertensive. Results in atherosclerotic patients are compared with those obtained in fibrous stenoses. Results of renal artery reconstructions were far better than those of nephrectomies and lead us to restrict indications for such a procedure. PMID- 700940 TI - Results of operative treatment of Fraley's syndrome. AB - Relying on their own observations, the authors describe nine patients in whom Fraley's syndrome was diagnosed and treated operatively. In six of them, calycopyeloneostomy was performed. In three of the patients, because of complications, the upper pole of the kidney was excised together with the changed calyx. In noncomplicated cases the calycopyeloneostomy with a transposition of the artery beyond the cervix of the upper calyx allows to retain the active parenchyma of the upper pole of the kidneys. PMID- 700941 TI - The use of tissue adhesive "Chirurcoll-Polfa" in surgical fixation of the kidney. AB - Experimental and clinical investigations were carried out on the application of tissue adhesive "Chirurcoll-Polfa" in surgical fixation of the kidney. It was found that the adhesive gives firm tissue adhesion without causing inflammatory reaction, and can be safely used in operations for fixation of the kidneys. PMID- 700942 TI - Treatment of testicular hypofunction with gonadotrophic hormones. AB - The paper reports on the response to gonadotrophic hormone treatment in cases of male infertility. The report includes 119 cases treated between 1971 and 1975. The evaluation of the results of gonadotrophic hormone treatment led to the following conclusions. Treatment with Praedyn has been relatively successful and the rate of success was directly dependent on the number of applied ampoules. Pergonal 500 brought a considerable improvement in all the treated patients. A meaningful comparison of the effect of Praedyn and Pergonal 500, respectively, was not possible because of the relatively small number of patients treated with Pergonal. Treatment with gonadotrophic hormones, especially Pergonal 500, seems to be indicated in cases of oligoasthenospermia, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (or secondary hypogonadism) and at least a short-dated correction of the spermiogram to normal can be expected in approximately one fourth of cases. A long-term testosterone (Agovirin) administration has a beneficial effect on the qualitative aspect of the treatment in that it enhances sperm motility. PMID- 700943 TI - Operative management of variocele by high retroperitoneal ligation of the spermatic vein. AB - High retroperitoneal ligation of the internal spermatic vein has been performed in 30 cases of varicocele. Renospermatic reflux had been demonstrated by preoperative phlebography in every case. Retrograde pressure brought to bear on the spermatic vein from the renal vein has been ascertained by intraoperative measurements of the pressures in the internal spermatic vein. On the ground of the results, high ligation of the spermatic vein is regarded as suitable for the surgical management of varicocele in case of renospermatic reflux. PMID- 700944 TI - Washout urography in the diagnosis of renal hypertension. AB - Washout urography was used as a screening test for 100 hypertensive patients. Eleven patients had renal hypertension. These were 4 cases of unilateral renal artery stenosis, 6 cases of unilateral pyelonephritis and one case of bilateral pyelonephritis with atherosclerosis of the right renal artery. The increase in size of the affected kidneys after Lasix injection was much restricted relatvie to the normal contralateral kidneys. The test proved valuable for screening cases of renovascular hypertension and unilateral pyelonephritis. PMID- 700945 TI - Seasonal variations in urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in healthy subjects and patients with renal calculus and chronic renal failure. AB - Renal excretion of calcium in healthy subjects and in patients with renal stones increases in the summer, as compared to the winter values. In patients with chronic renal failure calciuria shows no seasonal variations. No essential difference in the monthly excretion of magnesium in 24-hour urine has been found between healthy persons and patients with renal stones. PMID- 700947 TI - Preoperative irradiation of renal carcinoma in adults. (Controlled clinical trial). PMID- 700946 TI - Effects of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on serum calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. AB - Six patients with chronic renal failure on regular dialysis treatment were given low doses (0.5--1.0 microgram/day) of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, monitoring the serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentration (IPTH) and alkaline phosphatase activity. The serum calcium rose in all patients after 7 days' treatment, in some subjects to hypercalcemic range; this effect persisted 6--14 days after withdrawal of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. The elevated serum IPTH rose in the first days of treatment, but later decreased to normal values. It is suggested that active vitamin D metabolites are necessary for normal response of parathyroid glands to variation in serum calcium. Low-dose 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment appears to be a promising method of correcting hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure. Careful control of serum calcium is necessary, as hypercalcemia may occur even after minute doses of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 700948 TI - Asymptomatic kidney tumors incidentally diagnosed in two patients. AB - In the years 1962--1975, at the Urological Department of the District Hospital in Warsaw, 1607 patients were operated on because of nephrolithiasis. In two cases coexistence of nephrolithiasis with renal tumour was demonstrated during operation. Physical and preoperative X-ray examinations suggested neither tumour nor metastatic foci in these two patients. The coexistence of nephrolithiasis and tumour of the kidney is a rarity (in our material 0.12%). Lumbotomy carried out because of nephrolithiasis makes possible a precise evaluation of the kidney condition and early discovery of tumour producing no clinical symptoms or X-ray changes. PMID- 700949 TI - Bilateral renal dysplasia (case report). AB - Bilateral renal dysplasia is a very rare condition, unlike unilateral renal dysplasia. We came across three cases. In one of them there were other multiple congenital anomalies. In all the cases the ureters and renal blood vessels were rudimentary. The condition is incompatible with life. The different theories explaining this congenital anomaly and the incidence of the disease are being discussed. PMID- 700950 TI - Horseshoe kidney and its therapeutic problems. (A review of seventy-one clinical cases). AB - A review of 71 cases of horseshoe kidney accounting for 0.12% of the total number of patients seen at the Department of Urology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, over 25 years is presented. The incidence of the abnormality has been found twice as high in males as in females. The proportion of surgical cases has been 57.8%, in agreement with published data. The radiodiagnostic investigations, particularly the functional diagnostic studies, are dealt with in detail. Their decisive importance in the considerations for or against surgery is emphasized. PMID- 700951 TI - Topical ascorbate decreases the incidence of corneal ulceration after experimental alkali burns. PMID- 700952 TI - Sensitizing activity of 9,13-dicis retinal in bleached photoreceptors of the skate. AB - 9,13-dicis Retinal was externally applied to photoreceptors of isolated skate retina that previously had been desensitized by bleaching irradiation. This treatment led to a significant lowering of photoreceptor threshold and to the intracellular formation of isorhodopsin II, an artificial visual pigment containing 9,13-dicis retinal as its chromophore. These results suggest that isorhodopsin II can function in situ to promote an increase in the visual sensitivity of skate photoreceptors. PMID- 700953 TI - Distribution of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and lysosomal hyaluronidase in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye. AB - Distribution of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and lysosomal hyaluronidase in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye was studied biochemically. Acid phosphatase activity was higher in the anterior uvea and cornea but lower in the sclera. Beta-Glucuronidase activity was higher in the anterior uvea but lower in the corneoscleral tissues. Lysosomal hyaluronidase activity was higher in the anterior uvea. The inner layer of the corneoscleral junction showed the highest specific activity of beta-glucuronidase and lysosomal hyaluronidase among the corneoscleral tissues. Lysosomal hyaluronidase activity was detected in all corneoscleral tissues. PMID- 700954 TI - Direct delivery of anticancer agents: experimental treatment of intraocular malignancy. AB - Two anticancer agents, one lipophilic, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), and one hydrophilic, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazol-4-carboxamide (DTIC), were used to treat Brown-Pearce epithelioma in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. The BCNU test animals were divided into three groups: one treated by direct injection of the drug into the subconjuntival space or the anterior chamber, the second by both direct injections and intravenous administration, and the third by intravenous injection alone. The DTIC test animals were treated with only local injection into the subconjunctival space or anterior chamber. Dosage, delivery system, and effectiveness were compared following clinical observation and histopathologic examination. Direct delivery of BCNU or DTIC in subconjuntival space or anterior chamber delayed the growth of Brown-Pearce epithelioma in rabbit eye. The effectiveness of this treatment was significnatly enhanced by combining direct injection with systemic administration of a lower dose of BCNU. PMID- 700955 TI - The blood-ocular barriers. PMID- 700956 TI - Phagocytosis and surface morphology in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. AB - Phagocytosis of latex spheres was studied in explant cultures of retinal pigment epithelium from rabbit, calf, and rat (normal and dystrophic). Calf and rabbit pigment epithelial cells showed a "latent period" of about 12 and 17 hr, respectively, during which latex spheres were not ingested even when the cultures were pre-incubated for up to 24 hr prior to exposure. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a profusion of apical processes on the surface of cells from both species that was present throughout the latent period. In contrast, rat pigment epithelial cells showed no latent period and phagocytosed latex spheres after a pulse of 1 hr. It was concluded that the latent period is not common to all species and, when present, is not due to an absence of apical processes. The surfaces of normal and dystrophic pigment epithelial cells showed abundant apical processes that did not differ from each other in morphology, number, or distribution. In cells from pigmented species (calf and rat), frequent fusions were observed between latex phagosomes and melanosomes or melanin granules. PMID- 700957 TI - Fluorescent pigment accumulation in retinal pigment epithelium of antioxidant deficient rats. AB - A yellow autofluorescent pigment, generally thought to be indicative of membrane autoxidation, was found to accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of rats maintained for 32 weeks on diets producing physiological antioxidant deficiency. The largest build-up of fluorescent pigment occurred in rats fed a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and deficient in alpha tocopherol (vitamin E), selenium, sulfur-containing amino acids, and chromium. These latter four nutrients have all been implicated in maintaining the antioxidant status of tissues, whereas PUFAs are pro-oxidants. Dietary supplementation with methionine and chromium significantly reduced the amount of fluorescent pigment accumulated in the RPE. Supplementation with all four nutrients further reduced the amount of fluorescent pigment to a very low level. Rats maintained on a normal laboratory diet, relatively low in PUFAs and presumably adequate in other nutrients, accumulated relatively small amounts of fluorescent pigment in the RPE. Of all tissues in the retina and choroid, the autofluorescent pigment was found to be almost entirely restricted to the RPE. The autofluorescence produced in the RPE by antioxidant deficiency was more concentrated than that produced in the testes, kidney, intestine, and heart. This suggests that the RPE is particularly sensitive to physiological antioxidant deficiencies. The increased fluorescent pigment build-up in the RPE of antioxidant-deficient rats appears to correlate with a decreased RPE melanin content. Similar changes in pigmentation have been reported to occur in human RPE with age and in dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa. Thus, with respect to its effect on RPE pigmentation, antioxidant deficiency appears to mimic aging and possibly some aspects of one type of retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 700959 TI - Focal cone electroretinograms in dominant retinitis pigmentosa with reduced penetrance. PMID- 700958 TI - Leukocytes and experimental corneal vascularization. AB - The growth of blood vessels toward corneal burns was compared in normal rabbits and those depleted of their white cells by exposure to X-irradiation. By the fourth day following injury, new vessels were present in all control and leukopenic animals. Histologic examination failed to demonstrate infiltrating cells in the leukopenic animals. In the absence of inflammatory cells, the cornea has the capacity to undergo vascularization in response to an injury. It is suggested that the epithelium is a source of a vasostimulating substance. PMID- 700960 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency and photoreceptor membrane renewal--a reappraisal. AB - The earlier reports from this laboratory that the renewal of rat photoreceptor membranes was dependent on essential fatty acids have not been confirmed in more recent studies. PMID- 700961 TI - Septic choroiditis with serous detachment of the retina in dogs. AB - The present study describes a model of multifocal septic choroiditis with serous retinal detachment after intracarotid injection of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus faecalis. The fundus lesions occurred mainly in the tapetal area and, on ophthalmoscopic examination, were more extensive after S. aureus than after S. faecalis injection. On histopathologic examination there were microabscesses in the inner choroid and subretinal space, disrupting the outer retina but sparing the inner retina. PMID- 700962 TI - Monochromatic (red-free) photography and ophthalmoscopy of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer. AB - The appearance of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (PRNFL) is crucial in the evaluation of patients with presumed optic neuropathies as well as in the differentiation of true optic disc edema from pseudopapilledema. Monochromatic (red-free) photography performed at 2 + magnification with a Zeiss fundus camera, a filter with maximum transmission at 540 nm, and Kodak Plus-X black-and-white film provides excellent PRNFL detail. Since direct ophthalmoscopy depends upon maximum illumination, which in turn depends upon increased color temperature of the light source, use of a direct ophthalmoscope with a gas-surrounded tungsten filament light source driven at 4.5 V raises color temperature sufficiently to allow practical use of monochromatic, red-free filters for optimum PRNFL evaluation. PMID- 700963 TI - Electroretinography with noncorneal and corneal electrodes. AB - The noncorneal ERG is essential for certain patients in which corneal recording is contraindicated. A preliminary report is presented investigating ERGs from three noncorneal montages and their correlation with the corneal ERG. Statistical analysis showed that an electrode at the medial canthus combined with medial viewing gave the closest correlation to the corneal ERG. Repeatability was good for all montages. The inner canthus electrode was considered preferable for noncorneal recording because it was less affected by other time-locked activity; it correlated well with the corneal ERG and can be used in conjunction with the electro-oculogram. PMID- 700964 TI - Extraocular muscle and Harderian gland degeneration and regeneration after exposure of rats to continuous fluorescent illumination. AB - Exposure of adult albino rats to continuous cool-white fluorescent illumination caused extensive destruction to the extraocular skeletal muscles (EOM's) and Harderian glands. After 1 day of exposure, leukocytes and macrophages invaded the damaged area and were found among and within the myofibers. After 48 hr of exposure, myoblasts and short myotubes extending from the damaged fibers indicated that regeneration had begun. In spite of constant illumination of the animals, the EOM's continued to reconstitute, and by the seventh day of exposure, regeneration was almost complete. At this time, small loci of degeneration and leucocytic infiltration resembling those seen in the 1-day stage again occurred. Results supported the speculation that differentiated myofibers were susceptible to the damaging effects of continuous fluorescent illumination, but that myoblasts myotubes, and early undifferentiated myofibers were not. Although the tubular epithelium proliferated in damaged Harderian glands, very few other regenerative changes were observed during the 7-day exposure period. When animals with one eye occluded with a plastic contact lens and the other unoccluded were exposed to continuous illumination, the pattern of tissue destruction in unoccluded eyes was identical to that described in the above series. However, EOM's in occluded eyes were unaffected, and Harderian glands had minimal damage limited to unshielded areas at the conjunctival fornix. Glands apparently were more susceptible to injury than EOM's. Orbital tissue destruction in these animals seemingly was due directly to a radiant energy-dependent mechanism. PMID- 700965 TI - Anterior segment permeability to fluorescein-labeled dextrans in the rat. AB - Permeability of the anterior segment of adult Wistar-Furth rats to fluorescein labeled dextrans (FITC-dextrans) was evaluated by fluorescein angiography following intravenous injection of 0.2 ml of a 33% FITC-dextran solution. Permeation of each fluorescent compound into the anterior chamber was evaluated by (1) initial appearance of fluorescence in iris vessels, (2) the appearance of fluorescence at the pupil, (3) contrast between the iris vessels and their surroundings, and (4) disappearance of FITC-dextrans from the iris blood column. Permeability of FITC-dex 3 (molecular weight, 3000; effective diffusion radius, 12 A) was similar to that of sodium fluorescein in that both entered the aqueous rapidly and showed diffuse aqueous fluorescence within 3 min. As the molecular weight of the FITC-dextrans increased (m.w. of 20,000, 40,000, 70,000, and 150,000 were used), the FITC-dextrans exhibited decreased aqueous permeation, and iris vessel contrast persisted. For FITC-dex 150 (m.w. 150,000; 85 A) no fluorescence was visible in the pupil at times as long as 1 hr. Since these fluorescent compounds exhibit aqueous permeability properties based upon molecular size and thus are similar to blood proteins, they should be useful for in vivo and in vitro quantitative study of the blood-aqueous barrier in animals. PMID- 700966 TI - The corneal and conjunctival surface in vitamin A deficiency: a scanning electron microscopy study. AB - A model system of acute vitamin A deficiency in the guinea pig was used to investigate changes in corneal and conjunctival morphology. Hypovitaminosis A was induced by feeding experimental animals a purified gel diet deficient in vitamin A, while a control group received a vitamin A enriched diet. By the fifth week experimental animals exhibited a significant decrease in plasma vitamin A levels compared to controls. Animals were sacrificed at intervals from 5 to 9 weeks, and the corneas and conjunctivae were examined histologically and by scanning electron microscopy. Conjunctivae from control animals showed large numbers of goblet cells, whereas 16 of 18 experimental conjunctivae were completely devoid of goblet cells. Tarsal, palpebral, and cul-de-sac epithelia from deficient animals all showed many superficial squamous cells uplifted from the surface. Also, rugae were notably absent from the palpebral and cul-de-sac conjunctivae. The corneas of vitamin A--deficient animals exhibited varying degrees of superficial epithelial cell desquamation and keratinization. In addition, reduced numbers of microprojections and membrane breakdown were observed. These morphological and clinical findings are correlated with the possible role of vitamin A in cellular physiology. PMID- 700967 TI - Glycosidases of the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - The pH optima and apparent Km and Vmax values were determined for nine glycosidases of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the calf. In terms of micromoles of substrate cleaved per milligram protein per hour, the following relative order of enzymatic activities was observed: beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase greater than alpha-glucosidase = beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase greater than alpha-mannosidase greater than beta-galactosidase greater than beta-glucosidase greater than alpha-fucosidase greater than alpha-galactosidase greater than beta glucuronidase. The pH optimum of each of these enzymes was in the acidic range (below pH 6). All these findings refer to enzymatic activities of bovine RPE preparations obtained by the brushing procedure of Glocklin and Potts and washing as described by Berman and Feeney. Thus they may relate to those activities associated with particulate components of the RPE cell and not to the more soluble glycosidases. The distribution of the glycosidases between the washes of the cells and the final pellet of bovine RPE cells was examined. The activities of 10 glycosidases in the RPE of the embryonic chick were also examined. Neither beta-mannosidase nor beta-fucosidase activities could be detected in washed bovine RPE cells, although beta-mannosidase was detected in RPE of the embryonic chick. The presence of isoenzymes of beta-glucuronidase in bovine RPE was indicated. Specificity by beta-glucuronidase of bovine RPE for synthetic substrates was observed. PMID- 700968 TI - Small-angle light scattering studies on xylose cataract formation in bovine lenses. AB - Using polarized light scattered in the I'' and I+ modes, we determined the relative contributions of density and orientation fluctuation to the opacity of bovine lenses. In both the cortex and the nucleus of bovine lenses cultured in xylose column, we found that the increase in hydration effects the optical anisotropy (birefringence) first, before the lake formation will contribute heavily to the density fluctuation. PMID- 700969 TI - Different loci suggested to mediate tilt and spiral motion aftereffects. AB - Interocular transfer of two figural aftereffects was examined in orthotropes and strabismic subjects. Within both groups there were persons with an appreciable degree of stereoacuity and others who had little or none. Experimental evidence from a variety of sources has suggested that stereopsis depends upon binocularity of units in the geniculostriate system. For the tilt aftereffect, interocular transfer correlated with stereoacuity among both orthotropes and strabismics. For the spiral motion aftereffect, interocular transfer did not correlate with stereoacuity; it was present among orthotropes and absent among strabismic individuals. The correlation of stereoacuity with interocular transfer of the tilt aftereffect agrees with previous observations and is consistent with the interpreation that this effect is mediated at a cortical level. The lack of a correlation between stereoacuity and interocular transfer of the spiral motion aftereffect suggests that this effect is mediated by units other than those responsible for stereopsis. Richards and Smith, on the basis of certain phenomenal differences between the spiral motion aftereffect and other figural aftereffects, have suggested that the former is mediated at a midbrain level. If strabismic persons lack binocular units in midbrain, the present results are consistent with their hypothesis. PMID- 700970 TI - Binocular vision tested with visual evoked potentials in children and infants. AB - Evoked potentials (EP's) in response to phase-alternating gratings were recorded from normal and stereoblind or stereodefective subjects (adults and children) under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The amplitude of the binocular EP was found to exceed the larger monocular EP in normal but not in stereodefective subjects, no matter whether the amplitudes of the two monocular EP's were the same or not. This finding provides an objective method for screening out defects of binocular vision. EP's recorded from a group of infants 2 to 18 months old suggest that a larger amplitude of the binocular EP, as compared with the monocular EP's, is the norm even in the earliest period of life. PMID- 700971 TI - Missing evidence for HLA antigen association with Eales' disease, chorioretinitis, central serous retinopathy, and malignant choroidal melanoma. AB - Patients with Eales' disease, chorioretinitis, central serous retinopathy, or malignant choroidal melanoma were tested for HLA antigen deviation. When corrected p values (pc) are used, the first three disorders did not show any significant deviation, whereas a significant increase of HLA-Aw32 (pc = 0.026) was found in the malignant melanoma group. For conclusive evidence the latter finding needs confirmation by analysis of a greater number of patients with this disorder. PMID- 700972 TI - Absence of an effect of timolol on the pupil. AB - Timolol, a relatively new beta-adrenergic blocker which has been found to lower the intraocular pressure in man, has not been observed to have any side effects upon the visual system. This study utilized pupillography to determine the effect of conjunctival instillation of 0.5% timolol ophthalmic solution upon pupillary size and reaction. No clinically significant effect was observed, but a statistically significant decrease in the amplitude of redilation of the pupil was found in the eye that received timolol. PMID- 700973 TI - Dietary intake of institutionalised and non-institutionalised aged. PMID- 700974 TI - Vibrio Cholerae neuraminidase susceptible N-acetyl neuraminic acid (sialic acid) levels in human leukaemia. PMID- 700975 TI - Responses of isolated rabbit ear arteries to intra- and extraluminal L- and D noradrenaline, L-adrenaline and histamine in the temperature range 37-3 degrees C. PMID- 700977 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 700976 TI - Carcinoid tumour of the gall bladder associated with a meningioma. PMID- 700978 TI - Perinatal mortality in Ireland--the past and the future. PMID- 700979 TI - Breast feeding: incidence and influences. PMID- 700980 TI - Biochemical markers in breast carcinoma. PMID- 700981 TI - Tuberculosis of the breast: a forgotten diagnosis. PMID- 700983 TI - Consultant manpower. PMID- 700982 TI - Accuracy of hospital activity analysis data in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, 1973. PMID- 700984 TI - Selection of medical students. PMID- 700985 TI - University entrance performance and pre-medical examination results. PMID- 700986 TI - Continuing education and the family doctor. PMID- 700987 TI - Assessment of operative surgical skills. PMID- 700988 TI - Keeping up with the literature. PMID- 700989 TI - Keeping up with the literature. PMID- 700990 TI - Late diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 700991 TI - Synovial chondromatosis in the west of Ireland. PMID- 700992 TI - The domestic sterilisation of feeding bottles. PMID- 700993 TI - Instrumented measurement of human joint motion. AB - Accurate measurement of human joint motion is essential to the design and evaluation of internal joint prostheses and artificial limb replacements. A triaxial electrogoniometer instrumented by three miniature precision potentiometers was developed to fulfill this task. A special linkage was used to attach this apparatus externally to the joint. Three-dimensional angular motion following the classical Eulerian angle definition was measured in real time. The error due to exoskeletal attachment was corrected by the method of 4 x 4 matrix. This technique is now being routinely used for objective functional evaluation on the patients with abnormal hip, knee and ankle joints as well as lower extremity amputees fitted with artificial limbs. PMID- 700994 TI - Impact characteristics of articular cartilage. AB - A rigid l m high stainless steel drop tower employing linear bearings has been used to study the impact characteristics of human articular cartilage. Instrumentation included a specially designed optoelctronic position transducer, piezoelectric force transducer, and high speed storage oscilloscope. Forty-eight 9 mm diameter samples of living articular cartilage and subchondral bone from the tibial plateaus of 4 human donors have been impacted at strains from 10 to 50%, and strain rates of 500s-1 and 1000 s-1. The integral bone/cartilage samples were mounted in polymethyl methacrylate for testing. Bone and cement impact characteristics have been studied separately. Stress, strain, and energy absorption data have been assembled for all the samples. Chondrocyte viability subsequent to impact has been investigated with the use of tritum labeled proline and autoradiography. Viability has been studied in relation to both the mechanical data and structural damage. PMID- 700995 TI - Endocarditis and ventricular septal defect: surgical vs. conservative treatment. AB - Three patients with ventricular septal defect and bacterial endocarditis are reported. Because of the very frequent spontaneous closure of the defect, especially in children, and the rarity and benign nature of bacterial endocarditis superimposed on ventricular septal defect, it is suggested that the condition be treated conservatively. An exception to this is the rare case with recurrent endocarditis, mainly in older individuals, in whom surgery may be contemplated. PMID- 700996 TI - Congenital QT interval prolongation. A review with a survey of three families. AB - The prolonged QT interval syndrome without hearing loss (Romano-Ward syndrome) is described in three families with 48 affected members. Syncope or dizziness caused by different ventricular tachyarrhythmias were the presenting symptoms in the symptomatic patients. Four of the subjects died suddenly. Right stellate ganglionectomy was performed in one patient in order to abolish the ventricular dysrhythmia. beta-blockers are considered the drug of choice in patients with hereditary prolonged QT interval; if the beta-blockers fail to abolish the syncopal attacks of severe bradycardia complicates the clinical course, a pharmacological blockade of the stellate ganglia should be performed and its results carefully evaluated in order to establish whether a stellate ganglionectomy is justified. PMID- 700997 TI - Echocardiographic left ventricular function in mitral stenosis. AB - Left ventricular function was measured by echocardiography in 22 patients with pure mitral stenosis. Thirteen patients underwent closed transventricular mitral valvulotomy and nine underwent open mitral valvulotomy using cardiopulmonary bypass. Preoperative left ventricular function was normal in most patients but was depressed in older subjects (P less than 0.05) and in those undergoing a second operation on the mitral valve (P less than 0.001). The decrease in left ventricular function was probably related to the duration of mitral valve disease, with fibrosis and rigidity of the subvalvar apparatus and posterobasal left ventricular wall. There was no change in ventricular dimensions or in left ventricular function as measured by percentage shortening of the left ventricular diameter and ejection fraction 7 to 12 days after open or closed mitral valvulotomy. PMID- 700998 TI - Hamartoma of the spleen. A case report. PMID- 700999 TI - Lymphoproliferative disorders in four patients receiving chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy: etiologic correlation or chance association? AB - The occurrence of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, Hodgkin's disease or IgG lambda multiple myeloma is described in four patients receiving chronic diphenylhydantoin (DILANTIN) therapy. Although the association between diphenylhydantoin therapy and the development of immunosuppression and lymphoma is well documented, the role of the drug in the etiology of these disorders is still controversial. It is suggested that periodic examination of patients receiving diphenylhydantoin for lymphadenopathy and repeated serum electrophoresis may be useful in detecting early aberrations of the immune system in these individuals. PMID- 701000 TI - The use of pre-operative collection autotransfusion. PMID- 701001 TI - Hemoglobin G Waimanalo beta thalassemia. PMID- 701002 TI - Evaluation of obstructive jaundice by ultrasonography. PMID- 701003 TI - Nausea and vomiting associated with fluphenazine: a case report. PMID- 701004 TI - The clinical application of EMG biofeedback therapy for muscle contraction headaches. PMID- 701005 TI - Phenylketonuria screening in Scotland 1965-1977. PMID- 701007 TI - Some implications of the NHS (Vocational Training) Act--manpower planning for general medical practitioners in Scotland. PMID- 701006 TI - Surgical sterilisation in a New Town practice. PMID- 701008 TI - Chiropodial survey of geriatric and psychiatric hospital in-patients--Angus District. PMID- 701009 TI - Cancer of lung in Scotland. PMID- 701010 TI - The dental health of Edinburgh nursery school children. PMID- 701011 TI - An evaluation of audiometers for use in general practice. PMID- 701012 TI - Lead-erythrocyte protoporphyrin correlation in blood of exposed workers. AB - A systematic survey of blood samples from 174 industrial workers occupationally exposed to lead fumes and lead dust, revealed some poor correlations between the lead (Pb) level and the free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level. In addition to those workers who had an expected correlation (normal Pb-normal FEP or elevated Pb-elevated FEP) there were two groups with atypical correlations. In one group a normal Pb level was associated with an elevated FEP level and in the other group an elevated Pb level was associated with a normal FEP level. This shows that neither the Pb nor the FEP test can substitute for the other. Since the individual FEP response to Pb absorption is unpredictable, both tests should be carried out routinely. This would make it possible to determine simultaneously the degree of absorption (Pb level) and the degree of intoxication (FEP level) and would improve significantly the assessment of undue lead absorption of occupationally exposed workers. If, however, only one of these tests is used for screening the other test should always be carried out as a confirmatory test when the screening detects an elevated Pb or FEP level. PMID- 701013 TI - Microbiologic guidelines for hemodialysis systems. PMID- 701014 TI - Health physics Society. President's message--1978. PMID- 701015 TI - Lung carcinogenesis induced by inhaled high-fired oxides of beryllium and plutonium. PMID- 701016 TI - Removal of plutonium from beagles using Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA: effects on initial DTPA injection. PMID- 701017 TI - Early retention of 237 Pu + 239 Pu in mature beagles. PMID- 701019 TI - The biological solubility in the rat of plutonium present in mixed plutonium- sodium aerosols. PMID- 701018 TI - Decorporation from beagles of a mixture of monomeric and particulate plutonium using Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA: dependence upon frequency of administration. PMID- 701021 TI - Effect of combined alginate treatments on the distribution and excretion of an old radiostrontium contamination. PMID- 701020 TI - Characterization of LMFBR fuel--sodium aerosols. PMID- 701022 TI - Organ dose per unit exposure resulting from fluoroscopy for artificial pneumothorax. PMID- 701023 TI - Radiation dose received by TAMVEC neutron therapy staff. PMID- 701024 TI - Internal decontamination of radiocobalt. PMID- 701025 TI - Assessment of potential radiation dose to man from an acute tritium release into a forest ecosystem. PMID- 701026 TI - Size characteristics of plutonium particles in rocky flats soil. PMID- 701027 TI - Determination of transuranium elements in a so-called "Bikini ash" sample and in marine sediment samples collected near Bikini Atoll. PMID- 701028 TI - Radioactive decontamination methods and their effectiveness as a function of terrain. PMID- 701029 TI - The response of some TL albedo neutron dosimeters. PMID- 701030 TI - A rem ratemeter for mixed radiation using two spherical ionization chambers. PMID- 701031 TI - A technique for determining fast and thermal neutron flux densities in intense high-energy (8--30 MeV) photon fields. PMID- 701032 TI - Calculation of neutron yields released by electrons incident on selected materials. PMID- 701033 TI - Depth dose, dose equivalent and quality factor for reactor neutron spectra. PMID- 701034 TI - Development of a radon barrier. PMID- 701035 TI - Radiation safety standards for baggage x-ray equipment in Canada. PMID- 701036 TI - Radiation injury from acute exposure to an iridium-192 source: case history. PMID- 701037 TI - Review of an x-ray science instructional program--a ten year history. PMID- 701038 TI - Fabrication and use of krypton-85 aerosol discharge devices. PMID- 701039 TI - Radioactivation of iron and Benelex by the fast neutrons generated by 35-MeV deuterons in a Be target. PMID- 701040 TI - Subcadmium fluxes in water near californium sources. PMID- 701041 TI - Method for calculation of upper limit internal alpha dose rates to aquatic organisms with application to plutonium-239 in plankton. PMID- 701042 TI - The effect of soil affixants on germination, emergence, and growth of cheatgrass and Russian thistle. PMID- 701043 TI - Radioactivity of whale vertebra fossils in the Chesapeake Bay area. PMID- 701044 TI - A review of measured values of the milk transfer coefficient (fm) for iodine. PMID- 701045 TI - Rapid monitoring of 131I in the human thyroid gland using a Ge(Li) detector. PMID- 701046 TI - Diffusion coefficients of airborne radioactive iodine and methyl iodide. PMID- 701047 TI - A stochastic model of carcinogenesis incorporating certain observations from chemical and radiation dose-response data. PMID- 701048 TI - Comparison of relative risk from radiation exposure and other common hazards. PMID- 701049 TI - Methodological versus substantive research. PMID- 701050 TI - Improving health sciences research. PMID- 701051 TI - Some issues in health services research. PMID- 701052 TI - Health services research and public policy: definitions, accomplishments, and potential. PMID- 701053 TI - Building a national capacity for health services research. PMID- 701054 TI - Demand for medical care in a rural setting: racial comparisons. AB - Household data from a southern rural community are used to examine racial differences in the utilization of medical care services, and both monetary and nonmonetary determinants of demand are considered. Regression analysis results indicate that office waiting time (for black households) and travel time to the provider (for both black and white households) have a greater impact on demand than price. Racial differences exist in the effects of health insurance coverage and household income on household medical visit expenditures, and both need and household size are found to be consequential determinants of demand. PMID- 701055 TI - Parameters affecting hospital occupancy and implications for facility sizing. AB - Simulation is used to investigate the effects on hospital occupancy of the number of beds in the facility, the percentage of patients who are emergencies, the percentage of elective patients who are scheduled, and the average lengths of stay of emergency and elective patients. A practical method is presented for estimating the optimum size of a short-term hospital on the basis of expected demand, and use of the results in planning is discussed. PMID- 701056 TI - Estimating the need for additional primary care physicians. AB - A systems approach is used to assess the primary health care delivery system in Indiana. The output (office visits) of primary care physicians is estimated and compared with the demand for their services. Indexes of demand, supply, cost, and need are derived and used to determine the additional number of primary care physicians needed in each area. The results of this study are being used to encourage graduating medical students to practice in areas in need of additional primary medical care. PMID- 701057 TI - Reply to "Constructing Causal Models: Problems of Units of Analysis, Aggregation, and Specification". PMID- 701058 TI - Constructing causal models: critical issues. PMID- 701059 TI - [New antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infections]. AB - Based on the frequency of the isolated bacteria the antibiotics and chemotherapeutics commonly used in infections of the urinary tract are discussed. It turns out that ampicillin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim are still the drugs of choice in the treatment of these bacterial diseases. A true advance is achieved by the introduction of carbenicillin and the new aminoglycoside amikacin. Carbenicillin can be used in Pseudomonas infections and is characterized by its low toxicity. Amikacin is the drug of choice against aminoglycoside-resistant gramnegative bacteria. PMID- 701060 TI - [Factors which influence the size of calcium oxalat crystals during their formation from saturated solutions]. AB - The nucleation and growth of Ca-oxalate crystals from metastable and instable solutions was studied in some detail to find out the dependence of the crystal size on the absolute calcium resp. oxalate concentration, further on their molar ratio, on the presence resp. absence of crystal seeds, on the agitation resp. stagnation of the Ca-oxalate solution, on the duration of crystallization and on the renewing of the Ca-oxalate containing supernatant, thus simulating a prolonged (dietary) oxalate load in vivo. The most important findings are the clear inhibition of crystal growth at higher and very high calcium concentrations (in contrary to the unhindered crystal enlargement at high oxalate concentrations), further the eminent role of the oxalate in the formation of big crystals and crystal aggregates, as well as the substantial crystal enlargement at the persistent oxalate load. PMID- 701061 TI - [Prevention of urinary calculi with covalitin and by general measures]. AB - The prophylaxis of the urinary lithiasis by means of drugs (alkalinisants, Eisemberg's syrup, allopurinol, etc.) obtains a very good result against uric acid and urate stones. The prevention of stones of oxalates, phosphates, carbonates, etc. is possible by trichlormethiazide (if hypercalciuria is present) and especially by a new drug, the Covalitin. Naturally diet and hydrotherapy. Decalogue for the stone's prophylaxis is done. PMID- 701062 TI - [Normocalcemic nephrolithiasis and primary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - In normocalciuric and in hypercalciuric renal stone formers tubular calcium reabsorption (TRCa) was studied before and during an intravenous calcium infusion. In addition two patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) were studied. TRCa was decreased in hypercalciuric stone formers whereas an increase was noted both in pHPT and in normocalciuric subjects. It is concluded that normocalciuric nephrolithiasis may be a manifestation of mild and/or early pHPT. PMID- 701063 TI - [Use of a human fibrin adhesive in nephrotomies]. AB - Report on the use of a physiologic adhesive, a human fibrin product, in surgery of nephrotomies; the new technique allows the performance of nephrotomies for the removal of complicated and extensive lithiasis with minimal trauma to the renal parenchyma. PMID- 701064 TI - [Testosterone, FSH and LH level in the serum of patients with prostatic neoplasms, treated with female hormones]. AB - Testosterone, FSH and LH were measured in serum of patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma. The efficacy of treatment with 1 mg diethylstilbestrol/d (Cyren A) was shown by suppressed serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH comparable to castration in a follow-up until 560 weeks after beginning of therapy. Prolactin was raised in all patients under treatment. PMID- 701065 TI - [Laminectomy in metastasizing prostatic neoplasms with spinal cord compression]. PMID- 701066 TI - [Histologic change of a prostatic leiomyosarcoma. Case report]. AB - Case report on a leiomyoma of the prostate, becoming a leiomyosarcoma within 15 months. The patient was cured by radical surgery. The difficulties of histological diagnosis and proper surgical treatment are discussed. PMID- 701068 TI - [HL-A antigenicity in bladder tumors]. AB - 30 patients with papillary transitional bladder tumours were treated by TUR. The stage O and A tumour specimens obtained were examined for presence or loss of antigenicity by the specific red cell adherence test (SRCA). The patients were followed up between 4 and 17 years. A correlation between loss of antigenicity and secondary occurrence of tumours with more aggressive biological behaviour was apparent. Possible therapeutic consequences are discussed. PMID- 701067 TI - [Immunologic studies for the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis]. AB - A prospective study comparing the results of Antibody-Coating-Test (ABC) in semen and aspiration biopsy of the prostate with immunodiffusion of the former was carried out. In 143 patients with clinical signs of prostatitis only 98 showed a positive ABC in their ejaculates. IGA-specific ABC was positive in 75%, IGG specific ABC in 48%, and IGM-specific ABC in 9.6% respectively. Specimens gained by aspiration biopsy of the prostate were also demonstrating positive ABC. Consistently negative was the ABC in 15 healthy male who served as a control. In 30 patients the ABC-Test of ejaculate speciments was compared with complement (C3) and coeruloplasmin content of the ejaculates using immunodiffusion technique. Contrary to the reports in the literature, however, elevated levels of complement (C3) and coeruloplasmin were not correlated with local infection of the prostate proven by ABC. PMID- 701069 TI - [Positive demonstration of bladder tumors by means of double contrast cystography]. AB - Using a contrast medium mixture adhering to the mucosa of the bladder, tumors with a diameter of only a few millimeters are to be seen positive in the double contrast cystogram. Evaluation of dimension and location is possible. The method is simple and the radiation dose is lower than in other cystographic procedures. PMID- 701070 TI - [Genital mycoplasma strains as a cause of male infertility]. AB - Mycoplasma hominis, M. fermentans, M. orale, M. gallisepticum and Ureaplasma urealyticum are able to reduce the motility of spermatozoa. Electron microscopical investigation confirmed an affinity of these mycoplasmas to the structures of the cell-membranes of the spermatozoa. Simultaneously there could be observed extensive destructions in spermatozoa. PMID- 701071 TI - [Clinical aspects of surgery for varicocele]. PMID- 701072 TI - [Treatment of the neurogenic detrusor-sphincter dyssynergy with lioresal]. AB - A double-blind placebo trial was taken with Lioresal, and antispasticity drug acting on the spinal cord level. The drug produced improvement of voiding function in 13 paraplegics with upper motor neuron lesions and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia. As a main result, the opening time was reduced. PMID- 701073 TI - [Conservative-surgical therapy of the neurogenic bladder]. AB - If physical therapy and drugs remain unsuccessful in the treatment of the neurogenic bladder, conservative-operative interventions should be performed prior to urinary diversion. Bladder neck incision, supraselective neurectomy and implantation of a bladder pacemaker in highly selected patients offer a good chance of avoiding diversion. In 64 cases of bladder neck incision, 80% improved or were cured. Experience with the neurectomy in patients with hyperactive detrusor is still limited. The preliminary results, however, proved that this technique should be included in the treatment of neurogenic bladder. 8 of 11 patients in whom a bladder pacemaker was implanted showed voiding following implantation. 7 patients displayed reflex evacuation. PMID- 701074 TI - [The continent colon-conduit stoma]. AB - A conduit occlusor is presented consisting of a tube surrounded by foam rubber and covered by a latex membrane, with a polyurethane cap attached to the other end. A valve imbedded in the cap allows voluntary urine drainage. This atraumatic, pneumatic, non-invasive occlusor device was used quite succesfully in 3 volunteers who had had a colon conduit urinary diversion. The device was well tolerated, leakage was effectively prevented. Further experience, however, will be necessary for final evaluation. PMID- 701075 TI - [Animal experimental and clinical experiences with carbon polymer stomas]. AB - Biocarbon implants consist of 99.9% pure carbon and are characterized by chemical inactivity and good tissue compatibility. Biocarbon was used for subfascial implantations, as well as coecostomies, ileostomies and cystostomie on mongrel dogs. The most important clinical results was the good healing over of the material without adverse reaction. The cystostomies showed only a very slight tendency to form incrustations. Drainage was watertight without signs of leakage. The satisfying results with two patients who were provided with a cystostoma are reported and further uses of the procedure, such as ureterocutaneostomy, iliac and colonic conduit, are discussed. PMID- 701076 TI - [Case report on acute scrotum]. AB - Torsion of the vestigial appendix testis may cause acute intermittent pain in the scrotum, which can arrise difficulties in diagnosis. PMID- 701077 TI - [Selective catheterization of peripheral arteries for the monitoring of patients in intensive care units]. AB - In critical ill patients, determination of blood gases is a crucial part of patient evaluation and management. In intensive care situations many blood-gas determinations are required in a single day. The introduction of an arterial catheter into a small peripheral artery is an invaluable technique that allows continuous blood-sampling. During the past three years we had catheterized either the radial, ulnar or the pedal artery in 450 instances. The arterial catheter was left in place from 1 to 15 days. There were no serious complication. Haemorrhage due to accidental opening of the catheter occurred in three occasions. No case of ischaemia was encountered after a single artery catheterization. Temporary ischaemia of the upper limb appeared in three patients after simultaneous catheterization of both ulnar and radial arteries. The infection rate was nil. Arterial catheterization and maintenance of indwelling catheter for repeated blood-samples is a simple and safe procedure with minimal complications, invaluable in the management of critical ill patients. PMID- 701078 TI - [In vivo changes in compression after osteosynthesis of pseudarthroses by means of plates. Experimental study on the dog radius]. PMID- 701079 TI - [Pathogenesis and clinical aspects of splenic cysts]. PMID- 701080 TI - [Indications and late results in the treatment of femur neck fractures with femur head arthroplasty]. AB - On the basis of the case histories of 45 subcapital fractures of the femoral neck treated by hip arthroplasty (endoprothesis) indication and long-term results are demonstrated (average period after operation 54 months, longest period 16 years). Late complications (acetabular erosion, loosening) and possibilities to prevent them are discussed. PMID- 701081 TI - Hemoglobins Lepore and anti-Lepore. AB - The structure, properties, genetics, and clinical and biochemical expression of hemoglobins Lepore (deltabeta) and anti-Lepore (betadelta) are described. In addition to the three Lepore variants (Lepore Hollandia, Lepore Baltimore and Lepore Washington) at least four anti-Lepore variants (Miyada, P Nilotic (P Congo), Coventry and Lincoln Park) are known at the present time. All known hemoglobins Lepore and anti-Lepore are products of non-homologous crossing-over between the delta and the beta genes. Although the Hb Lepore condition is expressed phenotypically and clinically as beta thalassemia, the presence of about 10% of Hb Lepore distinguishes the condition hematologically from beta thalassemia. Data on the hematological and biochemical expression of this hemoglobinopathy are presented. In contrast to the anemia in the Lepore condition, there is no phenotypic evidence of thalassemia in persons with hemoglobin anti-Lepore, because no beta chain deficiency accompanies the latter condition. Although no adequate explanation has been advanced concerning the factors which maintain a low synthesis of the Lepore and anti-Lepore chains, it has been suggested that multiple rare codons may introduce rate-limiting steps or that the deltabeta and betadelta mRNAs may be unstable. Data on the geographical distribution and structural identification of Hb Lepore are presented. PMID- 701082 TI - Hemoglobin Hoshida (beta43 (cd-2) Glu leads to Gln), a new hemoglobin variant discovered in Japan. AB - An electrophoretically G-like hemoglobin variant, Hb Hoshida, was detected from a ten year old girl and her mother. No clinical and hematological abnormalities were seen in the individuals heterozygous for this mutant gene. Structural studies of this abnormal hemoglobin demonstrated a previously undescribed substitution of beta43 (CD-2) Glu leads to Gln. The proportion of the abnormal hemoglobin in hemolysate was 42.1 per cent. The hemoglobin revealed neither instabilities nor functional abnormalities. PMID- 701083 TI - Hemoglobin Legnano (alpha2 141 (HC3) Arg replaced by Leu beta2): a new abnormal human hemoglobin with high oxygen affinity. AB - An abnormal, fast moving hemoglobin was noted in a 34-yr-old male patient living in Legnano (northern Italy) affected with renal failure and iron deficiency anemia, not related to the presence of the Hb variant. Structural studies have demonstrated a previously undescribed amino acid substitution, alpha 141 Arg replaced by Leu. This new variant has been named Hb Legnano, and is characterized by an increased oxygen affinity and a low cooperativity, at least as far as preliminary functional studies carried out on whole blood have indicated. Family studies are reported: three other heterozygous carriers were observed among the relatives of the propositus, all showing a mild polycythemia which, however, does not seem to produce appreciable clinical consequences. PMID- 701084 TI - Allosteric effect of o-iodobenzoate on hemoglobin. AB - O-Iodobenzoate interacts non-covalently with hemoglobin and lowers the oxygen affinity of the protein. In contrast to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or inositol hexaphosphate, its interaction does not depend upon the presence of free amino groups at the beta-chain amino terminals. Lysine beta82 is one of its oxygenation linked binding sites. As with the organic phosphates, the halogenated benzoate reacts preferentially with deoxy-hemoglobin to shift the allosteric equilibrium from R to T. PMID- 701085 TI - Environmental modification of gene expression: iron deficiency masks erythrocytosis in a female with hemoglobin Olympia. PMID- 701086 TI - Further studies on hemoglobin Hirosaki: demonstration of its presence at low concentration. PMID- 701087 TI - Semiquantitative computerized image analysis of fetal hemoglobin distribution patterns in sickle cell anemia and its variants. AB - Computerized, semiquantitative image analysis of 2913 erythrocytes from 29 young patients with sickle cell anemia and its variants was conducted utilizing a modified method for determination of fetal hemoglobin distribution by an acid elution procedure. Histograms of eight arbitrary levels of staining intensity, proportional to fetal hemoglobin levels, were analyzed in relationship to both computer-generated, mathematical parameters of erythrocytic shape abnormalities and clinical parameters of disease severity. Shifts in fetal hemoglobin distribution were observed in analysis of sequential specimens. An inverse correlation was observed between angularity of erythrocytes and their individual fetal hemoglobin content (p less than or equal to 0.05). A positive correlation was noted between growth percentiles and percentage erythrocyte ghosts by acid elution (p less than or equal to 0.01). PMID- 701088 TI - Hb Nottingham (alpha2beta2 (FG5) 98 val leads to gly) in a Caucasian male: clinical and biosynthetic studies. AB - A second instance of the unstable mutant Hb Nottingham (alpha2beta2 (FG5) 98 Val leads to Gly) is reported in a 7-year-old boy. Because of splenomegaly, cholelithiasis, and frequent episodes of abdominal pain, he underwent a splenectomy and cholecystectomy at age 6. The surgery resulted in both an amelioration of his RBC destruction and an acceleration of his rate of growth. PMID- 701089 TI - Hemoglobin H disease in Sardinia: phenotypic and genetic observations. AB - In this study the clinical and hematological characteristics, the transmission pattern and the relative rates of globin chain synthesis were determined in the members of four Sardinian families with 14 patients affected by hemoglobin H disease. The severity of hemoglobin H disease in Sardinian subjects shows a high degree of variability. Clinically it usually appears intermediate between the hemoglobin H disease found in Oriental and Negro populations. The alpha/beta specific activity ratio was 0.42 +/- 0.10 indicating an analogous biochemical defect like that described in the Chinese. On the basis of hematological data and alpha/beta ratio, the genetics of hemoglobin H disease in Sardinians seem to follow a pattern similar to that observed in Orientals: one parent showing alpha thalassemia-1 trait and the other alpha-thalassemia-2 trait. Parent offspring transmission of hemoglobin H disease did occur in 2 out of 6 hemoglobin H matings with spouses carrying the alpha-thalassemia-1 gene. This observation indicates either a high frequency of alpha-thalassemia trait in Sardinians or a high incidence of inbreeding. In one family the mating of a patient with hemoglobin H disease and a normal person produces 6/6 offspring with alpha-thalassemia-1. The genetic implications of this transmission pattern are discussed. PMID- 701090 TI - Amino acid sequence of the hemoglobin of raccoon (Procyon lotor). AB - The amino acid sequences of the hemoglobin alpha- and beta-chains of raccoon have been determined by a combination of manual and automatic sequencing procedures. The raccoon beta-chain shows 16 amino acid differences from that of dog. The alpha chain shows 10 differences. These values are identical with those predicted by analogy from their tryptic peptide compositions. PMID- 701091 TI - Hemoglobin A and B of the cat: occurrence in the same cell. AB - The two major hemoglobins found in domestic cat blood occur within the same erythrocyte. A putative asymmetrical hybrid, alpha2betaAbetaB, is shown to be present in the cell by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 701092 TI - Hemoglobin Suresnes in a Costa Rican woman of Spanish-Indian ancestry. PMID- 701093 TI - Hemoglobin Bart's levels in umbilical cord blood: failure as a method for distinguishing mild from severe alpha-thalassemia trait in the Chinese. PMID- 701094 TI - Possible relationship between the level of Hb Bart's (gamma4) and the relative amount of Hb S or Hb C in black heterozygous newborn. PMID- 701096 TI - Further evidence that the chromatid gap is a folding defect. PMID- 701095 TI - Effects of ultraviolet light and cyclophosphamide on replication and repair synthesis of DNA in isolated rat liver cells and human leukocytes co-incubated with microsomes. PMID- 701097 TI - Comparison of the karyotypes in the Jack rabbit (Lepus californicus deserticola) and the European hare (Lepus europaeus). PMID- 701098 TI - Alanine aminotransferase polymorphism in Finnish Lapps and Finns from Northeast Finland. PMID- 701099 TI - A recurrent structural aberration, t(7;14), in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 701100 TI - [The indications for revision radical maxillary sinus surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Surgery of the maxillary sinus is one of the commonest in otorhinolaryngology. The classical Caldwell-Luc procedure however is not infrequently followed by infraorbital or some other facial neuralgia or discomfort. In 1976,246 patients were assessed for revision maxillary sinus surgery, and the symptomatology, clinical, transnasal endoscopic and radiological (polytomography) findings were documented. 59 revision operations were performed and a critical analysis of the preoperative, operative and postoperative findings are presented. Polytomography together with sinus endoscopy is a very valuable assessment of the need for revision surgery. Careful sublabial periosteal wound closure is emphasized, and as an alternative to the Caldwell-Luc procedure the intranasal antrostomy under endoscopic control is recommended. PMID- 701101 TI - [Surgical or conservative treatment in orbital complications of sinus inflammations (author's transl)]. AB - 47 patients with orbital complications resulting from acute sinusitis have been treated at the Freiburg ENT Department during the last seven years. Acute ethmoiditis predominated in children, while pansinusitis was more common in adults. Previous sinus surgery did not prevent orbital complications arising from the same sinus. Orbital involvement was classified into periostitis, subperiosteal abscess and orbital cellulitis. According to clinical findings, 44.7% of the patients were managed conservatively. Prognosis was best in periostitis, whereas consersative treatment was unsafe in orbital cellulits. Children usually respond well to appropriate antibiotic coverage but the occurrence of common upper respiratory or anaerobic pathogens should be kept in mind. PMID- 701102 TI - [How good is the inferior meatal antrostomy in chronic maxillary sinusitis? (author's transl)]. AB - 44 inferior meatal antrostomies in 32 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis were followed at two month intervals over a period of two years. Closure of the antrostomy occurred in 29.4% of the cases reported. Allergy was unimportant for the operative result, nor was an increased frequency of infections demonstrated following surgery. Subsequently, improvement of sinusitis was noticable, even after closure of the fenestration. In contrast to other reports in the literature, mucociliary drainage from the maxillary sinus to the nose occurs through the operatively placed fenestra. PMID- 701103 TI - [A contribution to the operative treatment of diplopia in patients with long standing orbital floor fractures. A combined operative technique by an ophthalmologist and an otorhinolaryngologist is described (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with an 8-month old orbital floor fracture presented with inferior displacement of the globe, enophthalpmus and diplopia on upward gaze due to an entrapped inferior rectus muscle. In a combined approach, the orbital floor was first repaired by an otorhinolaryngologist. The ophthalmologist then severed the adhesions of the inferior rectus muscle, and a piece of silicone sheeting was sutured to periorbital tissue under the muscle to prevent the formation of new adhesions as well as to provide a smooth surface for the muscle to slide on. This approach restored the muscle function which has remained intact 13 months postoperatively. The simplicity of the procedure is stressed. PMID- 701104 TI - [A method for management of midfacial fractures (author's transl)]. AB - In the treatment of severe "dish-face" deformities which result from Le Fort II and III middle face fractures, reposition and fixation of the maxilla can be achieved by an extraoral cranial fixation apparatus. We describe a modification of the Georgiade head frame which achieves higher stability in fixing the maxilla and arch wires. The joints applied to the rigid wire connecting the arch bar to the head frame make an adaptation to the upper lip possible; traction of the maxilla to maintain its fixation can be applied extra-orally so that closure of the lips with correction of occlusion is possible, making easier the uptake of nourishment. PMID- 701105 TI - [Head and neck manifestations of lymphogranulomatosis X (author's transl)]. AB - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy was first described in the german literature in 1975 by Lennert as "Lymphogranulomatosis X." The disease is characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, dysproteinemia, fever and hyperergic reactions such as pruritus, skin rush and eosinophilia. The first ORL occurrence of the disease in Waldeyer's ring and cervical lymph nodes is reported. The histologic picture is characterized by a vascular proliferation with immunoblasts, plasma cells and interstitial amorphous acidophilic material but without Sternberg cells. The origin of the disease from primary malignant neoplasia or hyperergic reactions has not yet been defined. Although prognosis is uncertain and therapy limited, the best management involves small doses of corticoids, supplemented by antibiotics. PMID- 701106 TI - [High tone audiometry I. Dominant sidedness of hearing (author's transl)]. AB - Tests for determining the dominant hearing ear by use of high tone audiometry (18 to 16 KHz) on 100 male and female "normal hearing" patients aged between 5 and 71 years of age demonstrated a relationship with whole body laterality (eye dominance, preferred tongue side, vocal cord asymmetry and hand and foot dominance). Right ear dominance was found in 62 of 85 right-handed individuals, whereas left ear dominance was found in only 3 of 10 left-handed individuals. In 5 with ambidexterity high tone audiometry failed to show any significant preference. High tone audiometry clearly clarifies cerebral hemisphere dominance and this auditory dominance can be utilized therapeutically as well as prognostically. PMID- 701107 TI - [High tone audiometry. II. Clinical application (author's transl)]. AB - High tone audiometry, which is the testing of the auditory threshold between 8 and 16 KHz, increases the clinical usefulness of pure tone audiometry. Specific patterns of audiograph were obtained from 100 children and adults with auditory dysfunction of varied cause. The clinical application of high tone audiometry as an audiological aid to specific diagnosis should be pursued. PMID- 701108 TI - [Bronchoscopies under etomidat general anesthesis (author's transl)]. AB - 64 bronhcoscopies performed in 1977 under general anesthesia are reported from the ENT Department of the Protestant Hospital, Oldenburg, West Germany. Indications for bronchoscopy were primarily for the diagnosis of bronchial tumors, but also included treatment of foreign body aspirations as well as the definition of tracheal stenoses and injuries from intubation anesthesias. The hypnotic agent "Etomidat" was used as anesthesia, during which the parameters of heart and peripheral circulation were carefully monitored. These remained stable; patients needed only a short time to waken, and were quickly able to again cooperate with the doctor. PMID- 701109 TI - Differential diagnosis and management of acute follicular conjunctivitis. PMID- 701110 TI - A model for studying a viscerosomatic reflex induced by myocardial infarction in the cat. PMID- 701111 TI - Crescendo angina: surgical experience. PMID- 701112 TI - Pleural effusion in the neonate caused by congenital chylothorax. PMID- 701113 TI - Trichophytosis: report of case. PMID- 701114 TI - Mucolipidosis III (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy): report of case. PMID- 701115 TI - Cholecystosonography and the obstetrician. PMID- 701116 TI - Tennis elbow. PMID- 701117 TI - Lack of effect of vagal afferent input on central neural respiratory afterdischarge. AB - The effect of respiratory inhibition caused by vagal stimulation or lung inflation on the central neural mechanism that maintains respiration after cessation of a facilitatory stimulus was studied in anesthetized cats. Phrenic activity was increased by carotid sinus nerve stimulation or by squeezing or stretching calf muscle. On cessation of stimulation there was an immediate decrease in respiratory output followed by a slow decrease (afterdischarge) over a period of 5 min. Vagal stimulation or lung inflation, which caused marked inhibition of inspiration, had no effect on the development of the afterdischarge or on the course of the subsequent recovery process. The mechanism causing afterdischarge is probably a buildup of activity in a neural network in the medulla and pons. Since its activity is unaffected by vagal inhibition of respiration, it can be concluded that the network is separate from inspiratory output neurons and those involved in phase switching and that it is not dependent on increased central inspiratory neuron activity. PMID- 701118 TI - Effect of altitude on dietary-induced thermogenesis at rest and during light exercise in man. AB - Measurements of metabolic rate and the thermic response (specific dynamic action) of a 400-kcal liquid meal were made in six subjects at rest and during light exercise. The tests were conducted before (LA1) and after (LA2) a 3-wk sojourn (HA1, HA2, HA3) at 3,650 m on the Monte Rosa. Fasting metabolic rate at rest increased inittally and then fell, as did fasting and fed exercising metabolic rates. The fall in metabolic rates, but not the initial increases, can be ascribed to the change in body weight. Resting thermic responses at altitude were only slightly lower than normal, although peak values were significantly depressed at HA2 (P less than 0.05). The mean exercising thermic response was also significantly lower at HA2 (P less than 0.05) but recovered in HA3 and LA2. In the time taken for thermic responses to decrease and recover there were interindividual differences that were best explained by the previous altitude experience of the subjects. The possibility of a cardiovascular shift during hypoxic exercise causing depression of postprandial metabolism is discussed. PMID- 701119 TI - Effects of exercise, altitude, and food on blood hormone and metabolite levels. AB - Measurements of blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids (FFA), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were made on samples taken from fed and fasted human subjects while at rest and immediately after 20 min moderate exercise. Six subjects were studied on successive weeks before (LA1), during (HA1, HA2, HA3), and after (LA2) a 3-wk sojourn at high altitude (3,650 m). The subjects and location were the same as those used for the energy expenditure measurements described in the preceding paper (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 45:345--349, 1978). The most marked effect of altitude was to potentiate the rise in FFA due to exercise. This effect was most noticeable in fed subjects during HA1 and HA2. Changes in the plasma levels of the thyroid hormones correlated with the FFA changes and, once again, exercise at altitude caused the greatest increase in circulating levels. Possible causes of the parallel changes in FFA and thyroid hormone levels and their relationship to changes in energy metabolism are discussed. PMID- 701120 TI - Regional lung expansion at total lung capacity in intact vs. excised canine lungs. AB - A computer-based biplane videoroentgenographic recording technique that determines the spatial coordinates of radiopaque lung parenchymal markers was used to compare regional lung expansion at total lung capacity (TLC) in the intact dog (prone and supine) and after removal from the chest. The reproducibility of the technique was examined by repeated determinations of intermarker distances at various static lung volumes during stepwise inflation and deflation of the lungs. Most of the variability in repeated determinations of intermarker distances at any lung volume was due to cardiogenic motion. When marker positions were determined repeatedly at the same phase of the cardiac cycle, the maximum coefficient of variation was less than 3% for a marker pair separated by 16.5 mm. At TLC, distances between all intralobar marker pairs in the intact thorax (prone and supine) and excised were highly linearly related (r = 0.96-0.99), whereas distances between interlobar marker pairs did not correlate as well (r = 0.77-0.86). We conclude that at TLC 1) the intact thorax does not distort the shape of the individual lobes from the state of isotropic expansion, and 2) in different body positions, overall lung shape may be different due to displacementof lobes relative to each other, but individual lobes remain uniformly expanded. PMID- 701121 TI - Time course of sympathoadrenal adaptation to endurance exercise training in man. AB - One possible reason for the lower exercise heart rate after endurance exercise training is that the sympathetic drive to the heart is reduced. We have studied the relationship between plasma catecholamines and heart rate during exercise in the course of a 7-wk training program. Six untrained subjects exercised vigorously (on bicycle ergometers and by running) 30--50 min/day for 7 wk. Prior to the beginning of training and at weekly intervals thereafter, participants were subjected to a 5-min strenuous bicycle ergometer test. In the test prior to training, plasma epinephrine increased to 0.5 ng/ml and norepinephrine increased to 3.0 ng/ml. The major proportion of the training-induced decrement in catecholamine response was reached at the end of the 3rd wk when epinephrine increased to 0.17 ng/ml and norepinephrine increased to 1.5 ng/ml in response to the same test. Heart rate during exercise continued to decrease even after the catecholamine response had plateaued, implying that the reduced sympathetic response is not solely responsible for the reduced exercise heart rate. PMID- 701122 TI - Estimating central and peripheral respiratory resistance. AB - An analytic approach for fractionating total respiratory resistance into central (Rc) and peripheral (Rp) components is presented. In the analysis, linear regression equations relating the logarithm of the measured total resistance to the logarithm of frequency are derived for data spanning the frequency range 1-16 Hz. The computed slope and intercept are used to obtain estimates of the fraction of the resistance in the periphery (Fp) and of Rp and Rc. Data from anesthetized, closed-chested dogs in a control state and with an external resistor (1.37 cmH2O.1-1.s) were used to test the approach. Mean values +/- SE's for control data were: Fp = 0.400 +/- 0.039, Rp = 1.37 +/- 0.16 cm H2O.1-1.s, and Rc = 1.98 +/- 0.10 cmH2O.1-1.s. Mean values of Rp obtained with and without added resistance were not significantly different (P less than 0.1). The increase in the mean values of Rc represented 85% of the value of the added resistance but was significantly different from the known value of the external resistance (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that it may be possible to fractionate total respiratory resistance into central and peripheral components using the frequency dependence of forced oscillatory resistance. PMID- 701123 TI - Oxygen consumption during constant-load exercise. AB - Previous investigators have reported that oxygen consumption (VO2) continues to rise after the initial 2- to 3-min transient period of exercise when work exceeds approximately 60% of VO2 max. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the possible causes of this slow rise in VO2. Eighteen subjects exercised for 20 min at 65% and at 80% of VO2 max on the bicycle ergometer. VO2, ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio were monitored by a continuous computer-based system. Blood lactate concentration and rectal temperatures were measured at 2- to 3-min intervals during the exercise. VO2 increased significantly from the 5th to 20th min of exercise in 81% of the tests at both levels of work intensity. The magnitude of the rise was not different for the two work loads. No evidence was found to support the lactacid explanation proposed for this rise. Increased temperature could account for 30% of the rise; the estimated cost of increased VE could account for 30 and 81% of the rise at the two work loads. The sum of these factors could account for 60 and 111% of the rise in VO2 at the 65 and 80% of VO2 max work loads. PMID- 701124 TI - Effects of lung volume and electrode position on the esophageal diaphragmatic EMG. AB - In anesthetized dogs studied both supine and prone, the electromyogram (EMG) of the diaphragm recorded directly from three portions of the diaphragm (crural, anterior, and costal) was compared with simultaneous recordings of the diaphragmatic EMG recorded from 10 sites in the esophagus and stomach. Effects upon the EMG of lung volume change and esophageal electrode position change were determined during bilateral supramaximal tetanic phrenic stimulation with airway occluded. Lung volume change had little effect upon the directly recorded EMG. The effect of lung volume change upon the EMG recorded from the esophagus was somewhat greater and marked change was noted as the esophageal recording site was varied. In supine dogs two sites of maximal signal were observed, one 1 cm above the cardia and the other 4--6 cm below the cardia. In prone dogs a single site for maximal signal was observed 3 cm above the cardia. An electrode site as close to the cardia as possible appears to be optimal from the point of view of variation in signal due to lung volume change and due to body position change. Gastric balloon stabilization is recommended. Proximity of the electrode and posterior gastric wall to the diaphragmatic crura may explain the maximal EMG signal recorded below the cardia. PMID- 701125 TI - Effects of angiotensin antagonism at rest and during exercise in sodium-deplete man. AB - Mean intra-arterial pressure (P-), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), and plasma renin activity (PRA), norepinephrine (PNE), and epinephrine (PE) were estimated in five normal male subjects placed on a low-sodium diet for the previous 7 days. Subjects were studied during rest in recumbency and during intravenous infusion of either glucose or saralasin in a) recumbent position, b) sitting position on the bicycle ergometer, and c) during submaximal graded exercise. At rest recumbent saralasin induced pressure changes that were closely related to logPRA. During exercise the increase in P- was significantly lower during saralasin as compared to glucose from 110 W on, related to a greater reduction in TPRI. The increase of PRA during exercise was about three times greater with saralasin as compared to glucose, but the rises in PNE and PE were similar in both series of tests. Angiotensin II may thus have a role in the maintenance of P- in the supine sodium-deplete normal subjects, and stimulation of the renin angiotensin system during physical exercise contributes to a minor extent to the increase in P- in these conditions. PMID- 701126 TI - Plasma volume changes with movement to supine and standing positions. AB - The chronology of hemoconcentration and hemodilution associated with changes in posture, and the reliability of venous hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and plasma proteins (PP) as indicators in evaluating changes in plasma volume were determined in seven male subjects. Red cell mass was also measured by the CO method at the termination of the erect and supine positions. Movement to and from supine and erect positions produced consistent, rapid, and progressive changes in Hct, Hb, and PP. Thirty-five minutes in a supine position resulted in a 440-ml expansion of plasma volume. Resumption of the standing position resulted in an increase of 10.3 and 10.8% for Hct and Hb, respectively, and an increase in PP of 20.8%. A fluid efflux of 593 ml reduced blood and plasma volume by 9.5 and 16.2%, respectively. Red cell mass was unaffected by changes in posture. The significance of these postures on the reported alterations in plasma volumes consequent to the imposition of stresses on man are discussed. PMID- 701127 TI - Blood flow and relative tissue PO2 of brain and muscle: role of carotid chemoreceptors. AB - The effects of inspiration of low O2 and/or high CO2 gas mixtures on relative tissue PO2 and perfusion of brain and muscle were studied in 60 pentobarbital anesthetized spontaneously respiring rats. These animals were studied in intact condition, after administration of phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride, 2 mg/kg, or after bilateral denervation of their carotid bodies. In the intact rats, the relative tissue PO2 ratio of biceps brachii to cerebral white matter always decreased after exposure to the above gas mixtures. This indicated a better maintenance of O2 supply to demand in the brain than in muscle. After either carotid denervation or alpha adrenergic blockade, this change in the ratio was no longer significant. Further, cerebral blood flow responses to these gas mixtures were attenuated (avg + 5.3%) compared to previous work in intact rats. It is concluded that the brain is best protected against hypoxia and/or hypercapnia when the carotid chemoreflex is intact. PMID- 701128 TI - Glycogen depletion in exercising rats infused with glucose, lactate, or pyruvate. AB - The influence of an intravenous infusion of glucose, lactate, or pyruvate on the work capacity and rates of glycogen depletion in the liver and hindlimb skeletal muscles of rats has been studied. Running time to exhaustion at a speed of 21 m/min on a treadmill at a +10 degrees incline was prolonged by glucose infusion but shortened by lactate or pyruvate infusions. Blood glucose concentrations were only lowered in the terminal stages of the exercise, whereas at this point lactate was elevated. Declines in liver and muscle glycogen concentrations were retarded by glucose infusion but accelerated by either lactate or pyruvate infusions. In all cases a marked depletion of both muscle and liver glycogen existed at the point of exhaustion. It is concluded from the lack of any major elevation of glucose, lactate, or pyruvate in the blood of the rats during running that these materials were taken up and oxidized, presumably by the working muscles. These observations suggest that skeletal muscle can take up large amounts of glucose and when it is supplied from an external source this can exert a glycogen sparing effect on the liver and working skeletal muscles. PMID- 701129 TI - Evaporative water loss in man in a gravity-free environment. AB - Daily evaporative water losses (EWL) during the three Skylab missions were measured indirectly using mass and water-balance techniques. The mean daily values of EWL for the nine crew members who averaged 1 h of daily exercise were: preflight 1,750 +/- 37 (SE) ml or 970 +/- 20 ml/m2 and inflight 1,560 +/- 26 ml or 860 +/- 14 ml/m2. Although it was expected the EWL would increase in the hypobaric environment of Skylab (one-third atmosphere). an average decrease from preflight sealevel conditions of 11% was measured. The results suggest that weightlessness decreased sweat losses during exercise and possibly reduced insensible skin losses as well. The weightlessness environment apparently promotes the formation of an observed sweat film on the skin surface during exercise by reducing convective flow and sweat drippage, resulting in high levels of skin wettedness that favor sweat suppression. PMID- 701130 TI - Pressure outside the extrapulmonary airway in dogs. AB - We have measured the static and dynamic transmural pressures of extrapulmonary airways during positive pressure lung inflation in anesthetized dogs suspended in the standing position. Thin, fluid-filled catheters measured pressures within and on the anterior surface of the airways in the mediastinum and neck. The change from mediastinal to cervical static extra-airway pressures (Pea) was not abrupt but occurred through the thoracic outlet and the root of the neck. The static Pea in the mediastinum was more positive than pleural pressure when lung volume was increased with positive pressures. During forced deflation equal pressure points (EPP) were in labor bronchi from which airway narrowing extended towards the mouth. Under these conditions, the dynamic mediastinal Pea mouthward of the EPP remained close to pleural pressures even at high volumes. This suggested that forces of restitution generated in the surrounding tissues by the narrowing of the airways did have a small effect in reducing the pressure affecting their anterior surface. PMID- 701131 TI - Effects of lung inflation on pulmonary arterial pressure in dogs with pulmonary edema. AB - The effects of lung inflation from positive airway pressure (Paw) on pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and the slope deltaPpa/deltaPaw were studied in normal dogs and dogs with pulmonary edema. Under base-line zone 2 conditions with the lungs perfused at constant flow (100 ml/kg per min) and vascular pressures measured relative to pleural (atmospheric) pressure, the slope deltaPpa/deltaPaw was nearly one (at Paw greater than or equal to 5 cmH2O). Pulmonary edema from high capillary pressure and oleic acid caused deltaPpa/deltaPaw and Ppa to decrease at high lung volumes and Ppa to increase at low lung volumes. These changes were not simulated by vasoactive drugs (adenosine and norepinephrine) but were reproduced by instilling dextran into the lungs and, in part, by occluding the right intermediate bronchus. In pulmonary edema the increased Ppa at low lung volumes is caused by the effects of decreases in the caliber of extra-alveolar vessels, by trapped air or liquid raising alveolar pressure, or by both; the decreased deltaPpa/deltaPaw and Ppa at high volumes is caused mainly by nonuniform distribution of driving pressures and blood flow. PMID- 701132 TI - Sweating response: a means of evaluating the set-point theory during exercise. PMID- 701133 TI - Impedance cardiography for estimating cardiac output during submaximal and maximal work. AB - Impedance cardiography was used to estimate cardiac output in 10 men during rest and within 5 s after exercise on a bicycle ergometer, including work up to and including maximal aerobic capacity. An indwelling venous catheter permitted simultaneous sampling of venous blood for observing changes in hematocrit associated with each exercise level. Cardiac output, calculated from a standard equation which assumes a constant value of 150 omega.cm for the electrical resistivity of blood, was compared with corresponding calculations in which blood resistivity was individually determined as a function of hematocrit. It is concluded that many of the discrepancies in the literature related to values for cardiac output obtained during exercise by the impedance method may be inherent in calculations that do not consider the changing electrical resistivity of the blood with a changing hematocrit. PMID- 701134 TI - Role of physical effort in the etiology of rat heatstroke injury and mortality. AB - A total of 171 untrained, unacclimatized, and unanesthetized rats were used to evaluate the effects of sedentary and work-induced hyperthermia on the incidence of mortality and cellular injury, 24 h postexposure. Cellular injury was defined as serum transaminase activity (SGPT and SGOT) exceeding 1,000 IU/l (heatstroke levels). Both the percent mortality and the percentage of 24-h survivors with transaminase levels above 1,000 IU/l were plotted against maximum core temperatures. Exertion-induced hyperthermia produced a significantly higher incidence of cellular injury and heatstroke death at lower core temperatures than hyperthermia alone. With hyperthermia only, the SGPT and SGOT dose-response curves were identical. When work was combined with hyperthermia, there was a greater incidence of elevated SGOT at lower core temperatures. These curves bore a striking resemblance to curves reflecting heat- and/or work-induced mortality in humans. The results suggest a direct role of physical effort in causing heatstroke injury and mortality. PMID- 701135 TI - Cold-induced pulmonary hypertension in cattle. AB - The frequency with which cattle develop right-heart failure during the winter at high altitude suggested that cold might contribute to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Indeed in a preliminary study conducted out-of-doors during early Spring, two calves with known hyperreactive pulmonary vessels showed elevated pulmonary arterial pressures attributed to their prior exposure to nighttime cold (-5 degrees C). In a second study five hyperreactive calves had increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 29 to 45 Torr (+ 55%) during 48 h of exposure to cold (0 to -5 degrees C) in a climatic chamber. Three calves with less reactive lung vessels increased their pressures from 25 to 36 Torr (+ 44%). In a more complete study, six calves selected as potential hyperresponders showed increases in pulmonary arterial pressure (+ 60%), blood flow (+ 18%), and vascular resistance (+ 38%) during 48 h of cold exposure. Arterial PO2 decreased (-10 Torr) and PCO2 rose (+6 Torr) suggesting hypoventilation. Oxygen breathing returned pulmonary pressures and resistance to near control values, suggesting that cold had induced a hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and an increased blood flow. Thus, a cold produced pulmonary hypertension in cattle at the modest altitude of 1,524 m and the pressor responses were greater in calves with more reactive lung vessels. PMID- 701136 TI - An electromagnetic valve for inspiratory occlusion pressures. AB - An electromagnetically powered respiratory valve to occlude a respiratory circuit for short (30--300ms) periods of the respiratory cycle may be inexpensively constructed from available laboratory instruments and controlled by an electronic circuit. Occlusion of the inspiratory breathing circuit may be repeated at different levels of ventilation without altering slopes or intercepts of CO2 rebreathing curves. The early phases of airway occlusion (P0.1) may therefore be studied in conscious unanesthetized human subjects. PMID- 701137 TI - The quick, simple measurement of intraocular lens power and lens resolution at surgery. PMID- 701139 TI - Institutional review committees. PMID- 701138 TI - A cell membrane theory of endothelial repair and vertical cell loss after cataract surgery. AB - Endothelial cell counts were taken of the superior, central and inferior corneas of controls, immediate post-operative cases and a four year post-operative case. A vertical mean cell density was found to correlate well with central densities, and mean vertical cell loss (42%) compared well with central cell loss (44%). There was no trend for vertical cell disparity (VCD) in control eye, but a definite disparity was seen in all post-operative eyes, including the one four years after surgery. A cell membrane stimulus theory is proposed for endothelial cell reparation after endothelial damage describing cessation of cell migration once the defect is covered. PMID- 701140 TI - The technique of Park intraocular lens implantation for both intracapsular and extracapsular cataract surgeons. PMID- 701141 TI - Experience with the Russian made Fyodorov intraocular lens. AB - One hundred cases have been operated using the Fyodorov Russian made lens. The installation and the postoperative course have been no more difficult that that experienced with other lens styles. PMID- 701142 TI - Management of some complications of the medallion circular loop lens. AB - Iris damage in the area with loop contact can be prevented by lowering the dosage of steroids. An already damaged iris can be saved with phospholine iodide followed by phospholine iodide combined with atropine to immobilize the iris. On a low dose keratic precipitate-like spots will be formed on the pseudophakos, but they will disappear spontaneously. This lens does not tolerate pilocarpine in the first month after surgery. A small pupil needs mydriatics. Retinoscopy is always possible because of the large optic part. On intracapsular cataract extraction this lens seems to be the most safe, stable and convenient lens. PMID- 701143 TI - Corneal endothelial dynamics and intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 701144 TI - Biometric analysis of intraocular lens power required to produce emmetropia: results of 450 implants. AB - We analyzed 450 consecutive cases of intraocular lens implantation (omitting only two inadvertent implantations in patients with high myopia) to determine the dioptric lens power in each case required to produce emmetropia. The mean was 18.3 D with a standard deviation of 2.6 D. The data did not conform to a normal or Gaussian distribution because of an abnormally high number of cases that required greater than 25 D to achieve emmetropia and clustering between 17 to 19 D. The deviation from a normal distribution may be explained by our considering patients with high hyperopia and high myopia (which are for the most part excluded from intraocular lens data) to be separate populations. The data are valuable to the intraocular lens surgeons, in that they demonstrate the range and frequency of intraocular lens powers needed to achieve emmetropia in a large population sample. PMID- 701145 TI - Intraocular versus contact lenses: results of a three year comparative trial in a presenile age group. PMID- 701146 TI - Pupillary-block glaucoma after Choyce lens implantation. PMID- 701147 TI - Save the endothelium. AB - The health of the corneal endothelium is a critical factor in the final outcome of intraocular surgery . With the advent of intraocular lens implantation, the hazard of inadvertent endothelial trauma is greatly increased. A rigorous technique has been presented which will minimize the risk of such trauma in extracapsular cataract surgery with implantation of Binkhorst type intraocular lenses. PMID- 701148 TI - Kelman anterior chamber lens: a preliminary report. AB - The Kelman anterior chamber lens is thin and lightweight. Its design is unique for introduction through a small limbal incision following phacoemulsification or as a secondary implant. It can be used easily in conjunction with intracapsular or extra-capsular surgery. The postoperative course is quiet and short, and the patient has rapid visual rehabilitation with a comfortable eye. PMID- 701149 TI - Ciliochoroidal detachment and pseudophakos implantation. AB - Ciliochoroidal detachment perhaps occurs more frequently than is actually recognized and/or looked for. The majority of cases spontaneously resolve without sequelae. A pre-operatively soft eye and a well-closed, clean wound are the best prophylactic measures; even then, detachment may not be prevented. Perhaps something could be said for the lower incidence of wound separation when the limbal incision is small. Extreme caution and care must be exercised when the plastic lens approaches corneal endothelium. The possiblity of ciliochoroidal detachment must be contemplated. Depending upon the type of impant and its relationship to the corneal endothelium, early surgical intervention may be indicated. PMID- 701150 TI - Hyphema syndrome with anterior lenses. PMID- 701151 TI - Intraocular lens optics. PMID- 701152 TI - SurgiDevall methyl methacrylate Platina style lens. PMID- 701153 TI - Complication of an intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 701154 TI - Intraocular lens implant. PMID- 701155 TI - Ringer's solution with pseudomonas. PMID- 701156 TI - Medallion Circular loop metal-clip lens. PMID- 701157 TI - Extracapsular surgery in lens implantation (Binkhorst lecture). Part iv. Some anatomical and pathophysiological implications. AB - Extracapsular surgery is an ideal type of cataract surgery in combination with lens implantation in that stability and fixation of the lens is greatly enhanced. However, a number of complications can be expected. The main problem of extracapsular surgery is posterior capsule opacification. This is due to regeneration of germinal lens fibres. To prevent this a complete removal of cortical lens matter is advisable, even in lens implantation. This however requires special lenses which have additional iris fixation. The author's technique for extracapsular surgery is described. The clinically protective effect of extracapsular surgery for the macula has led to the discovery of a new antomical structure in front of the macula, the bursa premacularis. The bursa premacularis is a well-defined fluid-filled space inside the vitreous body in front of the macula. It is postulated to have a protective function for the macula in a hydrodynamic and biochemical sense. A number of pathological conditions could be explained as primarily determined by toxic substances in the premacular bursa or defective detachment of the premacular bursa in the course of posterior vitreous detachment. If this latter condition exists, intracapsular surgery will cause cystoid macular edema, as aqueous can enter the perimacular retina. Cystoid macular edema therefore is postulated to be anatomically predetermined. PMID- 701158 TI - Intraocular pressures and visual fields following pseudophakos implantation. AB - 9 of 636 pseudophakos patients developed post-operative intraocular pressure elevations. All were treated successfully, 5 medically and 4 surgically. No permanent glaucomas resulted. Goldmann perimetry on 210 representative patients showed no glaucomatous or peripheral defects. PMID- 701159 TI - Endothelial cell loss in intraocular lens placement. AB - Endothelial cell counts were done on eyes selected to fall into four categories: unoperated, intracapsular cataract extraction without implantation, and intracapsular cataract extraction with easy or difficult insertion of an intraocular implant. Uncomplicated cataract extraction resulted in less than 9% cell loss. Implantation in "easy" eyes resulted in 12% cell loss (p greater than 0.3). Eyes in which implantation was difficult suffered an average loss of 65% of the endothelial cells (p less than .001). The reasons for cell loss are discussed and some improvements in techniques are mentioned with examples of the value of analysis of motion picture records of the surgery. The obvious lesson to be learned is that everything possible must be done to optimize routinely the conditions for lens implantation. The surgeon who finds conditions unfavorable for lens implantation must consider that persistence will mean sacrificing, on the average, two-thirds of the corneal endothelial cells. PMID- 701160 TI - Incidence of cystoid macular edema following cataract extraction with pseudophakos implantation: intracapsular vs. extracapsular vs. phacoemulsification. PMID- 701161 TI - A method for correlating spectacle and intraocular lens prescriptions. PMID- 701162 TI - Anterior chamber lens implant. PMID- 701163 TI - Complications of the AC implants of the early 1950's and the UGH or Ellingson syndrome of the late 1970's. PMID- 701164 TI - Lens injury in children treated with irido-capsular supported intra-ocular lenses. AB - The treatment of lens injury in children with irido-capsular supported intraocular lenses is described. A consecutive series of 73 children is analyzed as to the functional results and complications. Surgery and anesthesia are discussed in detail. Guidelines are given for future straight-forward management of eye injury in children, using this promising possibility of visual rehabilitation. PMID- 701165 TI - The uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome associated with the Mark VIII anterior chamber lens implant. AB - An update on the percentage of my patients showing the UGH syndrome associated with the Mark VIII anterior chamber lens implant as manufactured by Surgidev is given. Of seven patients having the syndrome sufficiently severe to warrant removal of the offending lens, six have now been reimplanted, two each with Rayner, IOLAB, and PC lenses. Whereas, other physicians have observed a similar UGH syndrome associated with iris chafing and erosions, this process was not particularly apparent in my cases involving the Surgidev lens. As for the chafing phenomenon, one could logically assume that it could be in large part eliminated by significantly increasing the curvature of the lens and simply vault the iris to a greater degree than is obtainable with lenses currently on the market. Perhaps too much emphasis has been placed on avoiding the endothelium and not enough emphasis on avoiding the iris. PMID- 701166 TI - Retinal detachment with intraocular lenses. AB - Of 740 patients undergoing intracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation by the same surgeon, 18 (2.43) experienced retinal detachment. Analysis of the data of these 18 patients reveals:--the series covered 6.25 years (75 months).--there were 13 males and 5 females (72% males).--their average age at the time of cataract surgery was 63.--the median duration between cataract surgery and retinal detachment was 11 months. The shortest interval was 5 weeks, the longest was 39 months.--a predisposing fall was documented in 17%.--33% suffered vitreous loss at the time of cataract extraction.--of the 18 patients, 15 (83%) underwent retinopexy; of the remaining 3, one eye (6%) was not repairable and 2 patients (11%) refused detachment surgery.--only 6 (33%) of the 18 achieved useful post-detachment vision. PMID- 701167 TI - FDA section. PMID- 701168 TI - Complications following implantation of IOLAB Choyce Mark VIII lenses. PMID- 701169 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of intraocular lenses. PMID- 701170 TI - Technique for closed-chamber insertion of transiridectomy prolene clip lens. PMID- 701171 TI - Comparison of titanium loop and supramid loop lens implants: 100 patients. AB - One-hundred patients having intracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation are compared with 139 patients having routine intracapsular cataract extraction. All patients were operated on by one surgeon, utilizing one technique, and, where implantation was performed, utilizing one style of lens from one manufacturer. Follow-up period was 6 to 28 months. Seventy-four percent of the implant patients achieved VA greater than or equal to 20/40, compared to 84.2% of the routine cataract patients. Of patients receiving Supramid/Prolene supported lenses, 84.7% had VA greater than or equal to 20/40. Those patients with titanium-supported loops have a much higher incidence of CME resulting in decreased VA, indicating that this type of lens should not be used. Dislocation of intraocular lenses was the same, whether or not the loops were sutured. PMID- 701172 TI - Endothelial cell loss and trauma during intraocular lens implantation: a specular microscopic study. AB - We analyzed the results of a retrospective specular microscopic study of 80 cases with unilateral medallion suture implants and contralateral unoperated eyes. In all cases a clinical estimation of operative endothelial trauma (ET), graded from 0 to 3+, was made at the time of surgery. The mean decrease in endothelial cell density (compared to the unoperated eye) for those 33 patients with ET 0 was 19%. There was a direct correlation between ET and decrease in endothelial cell density up to a mean of 59% for those 18 patients graded ET 2.5 to 3.0. The role of sample bias and small case sampling is significant in explaining the large discrepancy in endothelial cell loss after intraocular lens implantation reported in the literature. PMID- 701173 TI - Choyce lens warp testing: effect of temperature and pressure changes. AB - Choyce-style lenses made from sheer PMMA (ICI Perspex CQ) have a different thermal response than lenses made of Rohm & Haas injection molded PMMA: Perspex lenses are more resistant to high temperature deformation. However, under simulated physiologic temperatures and pressures, there is no apparent lens deformation, nor is there a difference in response between lens types. In general, the susceptibility of all thermoplastics to heat, and the ease with which high temperatures may be achieved in transportation, require improved packaging; great care must be taken to protect and inspect intraocular lenses before implantation. Demonstrated variation in thermal response from lens to lens, and even from foot to foot, further mandates such care and also cautions against the acceptance of claims based on inadequate or incomplete data. All lenses should be checked, with the best clinical test for flatness being that in which each foot is depressed to check for rocking or lift. PMID- 701174 TI - Early recognition and proper treatment of the VIP syndrome. PMID- 701176 TI - IOLs: quality control during production. PMID- 701177 TI - Neovascularization after lens implantation. PMID- 701175 TI - Anticoagulation, intraocular bleeding and pupillary paralysis following Choyce intraocular lens implantation. AB - Four cases of pupillary paralysis are presented which followed implantation of the Surgidev version of the Choyce Mark VIII implant. In three of these cases the lenses were removed. Of the four cases, two had been anticoagulated and showed massive vitreous or anterior chamber hemorrhages, the appearance of which was related by time, or in severity, to the anticoagulation with coumadin. PMID- 701178 TI - Lens loop tip failures. PMID- 701179 TI - The resolving power of intraocular lens implants. PMID- 701180 TI - Examination of intraocular lens power and optical quality at surgery. PMID- 701181 TI - Cataract surgery: with and without intraocular lenses. PMID- 701182 TI - Solar retinitis, photic maculopathy and the pseudophakic eye. AB - The pseudophakic retina is shown to be at greater risk than the normal retina to photochemical damage from solar observation because current polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses allow greater ultraviolet retinal irradiances and higher retinal temperature increases than crystalline lenses. The implications of this finding are presented in terms of mechanisms for photic retinal damage, and relationships between photic maculopathy and degenerative retinal diseases are discussed. PMID- 701183 TI - Cystoid macular edema following the implantation of anterior chamber lenses. AB - Three out of 10 eyes (30%) in which injection molded anterior chamber lenses from McGhan were used developed cystoid macular edema, compared to a much lower incidence with the use of lathe-cut anterior chamber lenses from Rayner. PMID- 701184 TI - The uses of vitreous surgery instruments in lens implant problems. PMID- 701185 TI - Calculation of intraocular lens power using the Texas Instruments Ti Programmable 59 calculator. PMID- 701186 TI - One man's experience with the Choyce Mark VIII anterior chamber lens. AB - Twenty implantations of the Choyce Mark VIII lens were accomplished over a one year period, with an implant moratorium then being placed on this lens by this particular surgeon. I have set forth a tenable explanation for the disheartening results I achieved. PMID- 701188 TI - A quantitative study of peripheral nerve fibres in the mouse following the administration of drugs. 1. Age changes in untreated CBA mice from 3 to 21 months of age. AB - This study is concerned with the quantification of changes which occur in peripheral nerves of normal mice from the onset of maturity to old age. The parameters chosen were total fibre area and axon area. Size distributions of these were expressed in the form of histograms. From the area data notional fibre and axon diameters were calculated, together with the thickness of the myelin sheath. The notional diameters were contrasted with the comparable myelin sheath thickness in the form of scatter diagrams. These results are intended to provide a reference scale for subsequent assessment of changes induced by drugs administered throughout life. The are in general accord with previous observations, but were obtained quickly, and with less margins of error, by using a Quantimet 720. PMID- 701187 TI - Quantitative studies on the maturation of central and peripheral parts of individual ventral motoneuron axons. II. Internodal length. AB - The lengths of internodes on peripheral and central stretches of the same ventral motoneuron axons were measured in 6 day rats. The former were more than twice as long as the latter. The distribution of peripheral internodal lengths was broader, and was shifted to the right, relative to that of central internodes. Short internodes were present centrally and peripherally throughout the early period of rapid myelination occurring immediately after birth. All such internodes appeared normal centrally, as did a proportion found peripherally. Some peripheral examples appeared to be degenerating. Evidence is presented suggesting that some short internodes, both peripherally and centrally, increase in length to achieve a normal appearance. Many central stretches of central motoneuron axons which were myelinated at some levels, at other levels possessed unmyelinated segments covered by numberous short glial processes. Such bare stretches commonly occurred immediately deep to the cord surface. The lengths of the unmyelinated stretches decreased as age advanced, perhpas due to the extension of adjacent myelinated segments along them. PMID- 701189 TI - Muscles and bones of large and small mice compared at equal body weights. PMID- 701190 TI - The T-tubule system in the specialized and general myocardium of the rat. AB - The T-tubule system in cardiac muscle cells has been investigated with the electron microscope in 10 adult rats after infiltration with horseradish peroxidase. All cardiac muscle cells possess a T-system, but its complexity varies according to the region of the heart. It is most extensive in the general ventricular myocardium where there are primary, secondary and tertiary transverse tubules as well as longitudinal elements, and there are numerous couplings between the T-system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The T-system and associated SR couplings are less extensive in the atrium and in the atrioventricular conducting system. It is least well developed in the nodes, particularly in the sinuatrial node, where it is restricted to primary T-tubules. There are numerous SR couplings with the sarcolemma in all types of cardiac muscle cells. Where intercalated discs occur, SR couplings are associated with non-specialized parts of the disc. The possible significance of these ultrastructural features in regard to the speed of conduction by myocardial tissues, and in the excitation-contraction sequence is discussed. PMID- 701191 TI - Observations on the development of the connective tissues of developing human nerve. AB - Trochlear nerves from two human fetuses, and digital nerves from a third, have been examined by electron microscopy. Very marked differences in maturation were found between trochlear nerves of fetuses of ages differing only by 2--3 weeks, and between proximal and distal parts of the same trochlear nerve. Immaturity was reflected in paucity of endoneurial space and collagen and in the rarity, or virtual absence, of endoneurial fibroblasts. Circumstantial evidence of collagen formation by Schwann cells has been presented and discussed. PMID- 701192 TI - Pyramid-like basket cells in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus in the rat. AB - Basket cells of the dentate gyrus were identified using Nissl (cresyl violet) staining. It has been found that the ratio between basket and granule cells is 1:150--210. Only a few glial cells, mainly astroglia, were found in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus. In accordance with earlier data it was found that the granule cells and glial cells originate mainly postnatally, but the basket cells, like the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, originate prenatally. PMID- 701193 TI - The effect of position on the migration of muscle. AB - The tibial insertion of the M. semitendinosus of young rabbits was moved to a new location on the shaft of the tibia, either 5 or 10 mm proximal, or 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mm distal to its original position. The animals were killed 8.5 months later. The results show that the greatest amount of proximal migration of the experimental muscles was 11.3 mm and this occurred in the muscles moved 10 mm distally. This compared with a migration of 12.8 mm for control muscles. The amount of proximal migration decreased progressively when the insertion was moved more or less than 10 mm distally. There was a small amount of distal migration in the 10 mm proximal, and the 40 and 50 mm distal groups. These results confirm experiments reported earlier in which muscles were not moved more than 20 mm distally. They support the hypothesis that migration is controlled by the position on the growing bone rather than by the tension in the muscle. PMID- 701195 TI - The nature and occurrence of the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa. PMID- 701194 TI - Ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase in human parotid and submandibular glands. AB - The localization of endogenous peroxidase was studied in human parotid and submandibular glands using the medium of Strum & Karnovsky either at pH 7 or at pH 8.3, after a short fixation of the tissues with a low concentration of glutaraldehyde. At pH 7 reaction product was found in seromucous cells of both glands in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, in the elements of the Golgi apparatus, and in secretory products. However, while in the parotid gland all secretory granules showed peroxidase activity, in the submandibular gland some of the granules were left unstained. At pH 8.3 the pattern of reactivity was practically unchanged in the submandibular gland, whereas the amount of precipitate noticeable in the secretory granules of the parotid gland was greatly reduced. The method of Novikoff et al. for catalase revealed the presence of a number of small bodies having in the characteristics of peroxisomes. Acid phosphatase was not demonstrable in the secretory granules of either parotid or submandibular glands. The lead precipitate indicating enzyme activity was observed only in lysosomes and, occasionally, in the elements of the Golgi apparatus of some sermucous cells. PMID- 701196 TI - Neuronal numbers in the superior cervical ganglion of the neonatal rat. AB - Neuronal numbers in the neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion were estimated from counts made on paraffin wax sections stained with cresyl violet. The raw data were separately processed in accordance with the correction procedures of Abercrombie (1946) and of Hendry (1976). The results do not support the view that there is histogenic neuronal loss during the first 30 days post-partum. Figures corrected by the Abercrombie method indicated that the neuronal population is held stable throughout the first month of neonatal life at a level of about 35000 neurons. On the other hand, when the data was corrected by Hendry's method, the population appears to increase from less than 20000 to about 45000 neurons in the first week, and is then held at that level until the end of the study period. Moreover, histochemical studies using the acid-phosphatase reaction have previously indicated that there is little or no cell degeneration during this period. PMID- 701197 TI - Aspects of the human pharyngeal hypophysis in normal and anencephalic fetuses and neonates and their possible significance in the mechanism of its control. AB - Aspects of the pharyngeal hypophysis in normal and anencephalic human fetuses and neonates have been described. Volumetric and histological changes in the normal gland similar to those observed previously in the adult are noted. The sellar and pharyngeal hypophyses develop in parallel during intrauterine life, but the latter has reached its maximum development by the time of birth. It is suggested that the control of the pharyngeal hypophysis is mediated through factors in the blood, and that the nature of the control and the vascular route vary at particular periods in both fetal and adult life. From a study of the anencephalic material it appears that the individual cells of the pharyngeal hypophysis are capable of marked response to a specific endocrine imbalance, but the capacity of the pharyngeal hypophysis as a whole to compensate significantly for deficiencies of the sellar adenohypophysis is strictly limited by its inability to hypertrophy to any marked degree. PMID- 701199 TI - The pattern of lymphatic drainage of the rat testis. AB - The basic pattern of the lymphatic drainage of the testis is described in the mature albino rat following studies in vivo and the examination of dissected specimens in vitro. Microlymphography was undertaken using various contrast media. Three groups of lymphatics leave the surface of the testis--superior, medial and inferior, from the upper pole, from the mediastinum and from the lower pole respectively. PMID- 701200 TI - A soil Flavobacterium sp. that degrades sulphanilamide and asulam. PMID- 701201 TI - Airflows in and around linear downflow 'safety' cabinets. PMID- 701198 TI - A longitudinal radiographic study of the growth of the rat skull. AB - The growth of the skull of the rat was longitudinally from 23 to 140 day PC from radiographs. Four measurements were made on each animal at each age studied. The velocity graphs of these measurements showed that for two, namely neurocranium length and bizygomatic width, the peak rate of growth occurred before birth. Viscerocranium length and neurocranium width showed peak rates after birth. Males became significantly larger than females in each of the absolute measurements studied, but in cranial index and facial index there were no significant differences between the sexes. Both these indices showed strain differences when compared to the results obtained by other workers. PMID- 701202 TI - Microbial metabolism of methanol in a model activated sludge system. PMID- 701203 TI - Teaching janitorial skills to the mentally retarded: acquisition, generalization, and maintenance. AB - A task analysis of janitorial skills required for cleaning a restroom was performed. Six subtasks with a total of 181 component responses were identified. Subjects were required to progress through a series of four prompt levels ordered generally from more to less direct assistance for 20 of the most difficult component steps. Another series of four prompts, ordered from less to more direct assistance, was used to teach the other 161 responses. Subjects progressed to the next more intense prompt level contingent on a failure to respond appropriately with less assistance. A multiple baseline across subjects as well as the six subtasks was employed to evaluate the efficacy of the procedures. Six moderately retarded adolescents were trained in their public school. The results show rapid response acquisition, skill generalization to a second restroom, and maintenance of the newly learned behavior. The present research provides evidence of a model for analyzing and training vocational skills to the mentally retarded. PMID- 701204 TI - Measuring client gains from staff-implemented programs. AB - Confidence in the adequacy with which staff implement training programs requires an analysis of the impact on the client. In two experiments, measures, were devised to reflect this impact. In the first, a measure of the consistency with which clients participated in a toilet-training program revealed their participation to be erratic. Consistent participation occurred after a public display of the consistency of participation was introduced. In Experiment II, detailed measures were devised to reflect the client's performance during the implementation of two physical-therapy programs: range-of-motion and ambulation. Additionally, standardized measures of the benefits that accrued from their participation in these programs were devised. Improvements in both measures were slight and unstable during a condition of immediate feedback (supervisor praise) to staff but substantial improvements were obtained with the addition of a public display of the client's performance. PMID- 701205 TI - An index for assessing weight change in children: weight/height ratios. AB - Weight and height data from two studies were recomputed, and original data were computed using a Weight Index formula that accounts for the interaction of actual weight/height changes in growing children and compares this ratio with that of normed weight/height ratios for equal-aged children. Recomputing the data of one study showed that the Weight Index is a more sensitive procedure for assessing long-term behavioral treatment of obesity for girls than weight alone. Recomputing the data of a second study showed that the Weight Index formula is consistent for boys and girls and is a more sensitive procedure for assessing long-term effects of a variety of medical treatments for obesity than the Ponderal Index or weight alone. Computation of the data for 17 "normal" children in a preschool class showed a zero Weight Index score before and after a six month interval elapsed without treatment. The procedure may be useful in assessing ponderosity or anorexia over intervals of six months or more with growing children or difference between actual and normed weight over shorter intervals. PMID- 701206 TI - Modifying how people smoke: instructional control and generalization. PMID- 701207 TI - Establishment of nondelusional responses in a socially withdrawn chronic schizophrenic. PMID- 701208 TI - [A tuberculoid leprosy case with ulcers of her patches (author's transl)]. PMID- 701210 TI - [Distribution in pregnant mice of radioactivity after injection of 131I, and immunosuppressive effect by the whole body irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 701209 TI - Combinations of rifampicin and isoprodian in the treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infections in mice. PMID- 701211 TI - An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. PMID- 701212 TI - A behavioral approach to occupational safety: pinpointing and reinforcing safe performance in a food manufacturing plant. PMID- 701213 TI - Individual differences in reactions to noise: a longitudinal study in a college dormitory. PMID- 701214 TI - Traffic congestion, type A behavior, and stress. PMID- 701215 TI - Applicability of drivers' electrodermal response to the design of the traffic environment. PMID- 701216 TI - Decision theory approach to the problem of polygraph interrogation. PMID- 701217 TI - An application of operant conditioning to absenteeism in a hospital setting. PMID- 701218 TI - Will intractable epilepsy respond to the method used in the treatment of intractable asthma? PMID- 701219 TI - Factors influencing mothers' compliance with a medication regimen for asthmatic children. AB - This study lends support to the utility of a compliance-adapted health belief framework for exploring mothers' differential adherence to medication regiments prescribed for their asthmatic children. Most of the Model components behaved as hypothesized in predicting mothers' drug administration. The findings offer empirical evidence which can be applied to the purposes of identifying potential noncompliers and designating those specific, health-related orientations of the mother which are related to poor cooperation with therapy. Based on an educational diagnosis, the clinician may thus intervene to alter inappropriate health beliefs in order to enhance the likelihood of compliance for the asthmatic patient. PMID- 701220 TI - Clinical aspects of "asthmatic bronchitis" and chronic bronchitis in infants and children. PMID- 701221 TI - [The treatment of massive hemoptysis by systemic arterial embolisation (author's transl)]. PMID- 701222 TI - [Embolisation and its application to uro-genital pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 701223 TI - The impact of lumbar phlebography compared to that of radiculography. PMID- 701224 TI - Lumbar phlebography by way of bilateral femoral vein puncture. PMID- 701225 TI - Compression of the dural sac by anomalous lumbar articular processes as demonstrated by radiculosaccography. PMID- 701226 TI - Introduction to physiological aspects of chest radiology. PMID- 701227 TI - Radioisotopes, chest radiology and lung physiology. PMID- 701229 TI - Study of the relationship between roentgenfilm densitometry and linear lung expansions. PMID- 701228 TI - A radiological study of the effects of body position and respiration on regional differences in the lung. PMID- 701230 TI - A radiological study of the effects of smoking on regional differences in the lung. PMID- 701232 TI - Plain film and contrast enema in ischemia of the colon. PMID- 701231 TI - A radiological study of the effects of left heart failure on regional lung differences. PMID- 701233 TI - Glucosamine-containing sphingoglycolipids from sheep erythrocytes. AB - Glucosamine-containing sphingoglycolipids were isolated from sheep erythrocyte membranes, and the presence of glycolipids with long carbohydrate chains was demonstrated. The purification of highly polar glycolipids was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography of acetylated samples followed by deacetylation with sodium methoxide. Their structures were elucidated by conventional methylation studies, oxidation with chromium trioxide and the direct measurement of permethylated glycolipids by GC-MS. Forssman-active glycolipid2 was a major component of sheep erythrocytes and lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide (LcnOse4Cer) was found to be one of the components. The amount of tetraglycosylceramide was only 5% of that of Forssman-active glycolipid. Three highly polar glycolipid components with ten to twelve carbohydrate residues were also found in sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 701234 TI - Cellular factors for stimulation of nucleosomal template activity for in vitro DNA synthesis. AB - Nucleosomes isolated from Yoshida sarcoma chromatin by micrococcal nuclease treatment were relatively inactive as templates for in vitro DNA synthesis. However, the template activity increased by trypsin digestion of nucleosomes or addition of heparin to the reaction mixture. This indicates that the nucleosomal template activity is masked. A crude extract of Yoshida sarcoma cells stimulated the nucleosomal template activity. The stimulatory factor was separated into three peaks by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. The same three peaks were observed in normal rat liver extract with much lower activities, but enhanced in regenerating liver. The factors seem to stimulate DNA synthesis by activating DNA template in nucleosomes without degrading histones or changing the primary structure of nucleosomal DNA. PMID- 701235 TI - Methylamine dehydrogenases of Pseudomonas sp. J and Pseudomonas AM1. Study on subunit structure by dimethyl suberimidate. AB - Methylamine dehydrogenase (MW: 105,000) of Pseudomonas sp. J was treated with a bifunctional cross-linking reagent, dimethyl suberimidate. Cross-linked proteins having different molecular -eights of 53,000, 64,000, 80,000, 93,000, and 103,000 were found in addition to 13,000 (light subunit) and 40,000 (heavy subunit) by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isolated light and heavy subunits were separately treated with the reagent. The product having a molecular weight of 80,000 was found to be a major cross-linked protein for the heavy subunit but no product was found for the light subunit. A similar electrophoretic pattern was also obtained for the reconstituted enzyme from the subunits of Pseudomonas sp. J and for methylamine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas AM1. These results suggest that methylamine dehydrogenases obtained from these two bacteria are both the alpha2beta2-type subunit enzyme and have a geometrically analogous subunit structure. PMID- 701236 TI - Selective cleavage of peptide bonds by a serine protease from rat skeletal muscle. AB - The selective cleavage of peptide bonds by a serine protease from skeletal muscle (SK-protease) was examined using glucagon and neurotensin as substrates. Among the peptide bonds cleaved in these substrates, the most susceptible were Phe-Thr Ser, Tyr-Leu, Trp-Leu, and Tyr-Ile. These results indicate that the SK-protease hydrolyzed the carboxyl side of aromatic amino acid residues under the experimental conditions. When the amino acid on the carboxyl side of aromatic amino acid residues was serine, threonine or glutamic acid, these peptide bonds, such as Phe-Thr, Tyr-Ser, and Tyr-Glu, were not susceptible to another serine protease from small intestine (SI-protease) under the same experimental conditions. The peptide bond between the arginines of Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro in neurotensin was hydrolyzed by the SI-protease, but not by the SK-protease. Thus the specificity of the SK-protease differs from that of the SI-protease. These results suggest that the specificity of the hydrolytic action of the SK-protease is more like that of bovine chymotrypsin A than like that of porcine chymotrypsin C and of the SI-protease. PMID- 701237 TI - Metabolism of putrescine to 2-pyrrolidone by rat liver slices. AB - The metabolism of [14C]putrescine was studied in sliced rat liver in vitro. delta1-Pyrroline and gamma-aminobutyric acid, known metabolic products of putrescine, were found in the medium. However, 2-pyrrolidone was the major product of the metabolism of putrescine secreted into the medium. 2-Pyrrolidone was also synthesized from putrescine by spleen and lung, but not by kidney, brain, heart, or muscle. This is the first demonstration of the synthesis of 2 pyrrolidone in a biological system. PMID- 701238 TI - Studies on cobalt myoglobins and hemoglobins. Proton magnetic resonance investigation of the subunit interaction in iron-cobalt hybrid hemoglobins. AB - The paramagnetically shiftedd proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of iron cobalt hybrid hemoglobins [alpha(Co)2beta(Fe)2 and alpha(Fe)2beta(Co)2], as well as those of deoxy forms of cobalt hemoglobin, iron hemoglobin, and their isolated chains, have been measured at 360 MHz. The proton NMR signals of the deoxy forms of iron and cobalt hemoglobins were individually assigned to each subunit. The NMR spectral characteristics of the alpha subunits in deoxycobalt hemoglobin, as well as those in deoxy-alpha(Co)2beta(Fe)2, were found to be quite different from those of beta(Co)2 subunits or isolated alpha-SH chain. Upon ligation of carbon monoxide to the beta(Fe)2 subunits in alpha(Co)2beta(Fe)2, the spectral properties of deoxy-alpha(Co)2 subunits became similar to those of the deoxy beta(Co)2 subunits. No significant change in the NMR spectrum of the beta(Co)2 subunits was observed in alpha(Fe)2beta(Co)2 upon ligation of carbon monoxide to the alpha(Fe)2 subunits. These observations show the linkage of the electronic structure of the prosthetic groups with the subunits cooperativity in hemoglobin, as well as the inequivalence of the subunits. This is the first report on the paramagnetically shifte proton NMR spectra of the cobalt-substituted hemoproteins. PMID- 701239 TI - Structural evidence for methionine at the reactive site of human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor. AB - An unadecapeptide, obtained by papain digestion of denatured human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI), has been isolated and sequenced. The structure of this fragment overlaps with the NH2-terminal sequence of modified inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) prepared from dissociated complexes of alpha-1-PI with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase. Furthermore, structural homology with the reactive centers of proteinase inhibitors from other sources is readily detectable. Methionine has been found to occupy the apparent P1 position in alpha-1-PI and the potential inactivation of the inhibitor by oxidation of this critical residue may be important in obtaining a biochemical link with the development of lung disease. PMID- 701240 TI - Membrane potential-sensitive fluorescence changes during Na+-dependent D-glucose transport in renal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - When D-glucose was added to a suspension of renal brush border membrane vesicles equilibrated in a Na+-containing medium, there was a rapid transient increase in the fluorescence of the probe, 3,3'-dipropyl thiodicarbocyanine iodide (DiS-C3 (5)). This sugar-induced response was stereospecific for the D isomer, dependent on Na+, inhibited by phlorizin, and blocked by ionophores, valinomycin plus nigericin, which dissipate ionic gradients. The enhancement in fluorescence suggests the entrance into the vesicle of Na+, cotransported with the sugar. This would lead to the interior of the membrane vesicle becoming more positive, resulting in depolarization of the membrane potential. That the sugar induced the transport of Na+ was confirmed by direct measurement of 22Na+ uptake. Thus, the Na+-sugar co-transport system provides a mechanism for D-glucose to stimulate the flux of Na+ as well as for the Na+ electrochemical gradient to enhance the transport of D-glucose. PMID- 701241 TI - Evidence that glucose 6-phosphate regulates protein synthesis initiation in reticulocyte lysates. PMID- 701242 TI - Limited palmitoyl-CoA penetration into microsomal vesicles as evidenced by a highly latent ethanol acyltransferase activity. PMID- 701243 TI - Bilirubin-photosensitized cross-linking of polypeptides in the isolated membrane of the human erythrocyte. PMID- 701245 TI - Human plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. Characterization of cofactor dependent phospholipase activity. PMID- 701244 TI - Preparation of protease-free and ribonuclease-free pancreatic deoxyribonuclease. AB - When pancreatic DNase I is used as a specific biochemical reagent in the preparation of nuclear ribonucleic acids or nuclear proteins, freedom from contaminating ribonucleases or proteases is an important property of the enzyme preparation. A simple one-step procedure has been developed to effect complete removal of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and chymotrypsinogen by a combination of affinity chromatography and salting-out adsorption on lima bean protease inhibitor coupled to Sepharose (a column (0.9 X 60 cm) operated in series with a regeneratable 1-ml bed). Commercial preparations of DNase (about 10 mg) give a quantitative yield of the enzyme that is protease-free as evidenced by full stability for more than 10 days at pH 8 and 37 degrees C even in the absence of the protecting action of Ca2+. Removal of the last traces of RNase has been accomplished by affinity chromatography on a column (0.4 X 72 cm) of 5'-(4 aminophenyl-phosphoryl)-uridine 2'(3')-phosphate-Sepharose; the product is a highly active DNase that gives no detectable hydrolysis of RNA by assay on radioactive substrates. PMID- 701246 TI - Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase. Mechanistic studies of the 1'-4 coupling reaction with 2-fluorogeranyl pyrophosphate. AB - The mechanism of the 1'-4 coupling reaction between isopentenyl pyrophosphate and geranyl pyrophosphate catalyzed by farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase from porcine liver was studied with the allylic substrate analogue 2-fluorogeranyl pyrophosphate. 2-Fluorogeranyl pyrophosphate is an alternate substrate for the enzyme, yielding 6-fluorofarnesyl pyrophosphate upon condensation with isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The Michaelis constant for the fluoroanalogue, Km = 1.1 micron, is similar to that measured for geranyl pyrophosphate, Km = 0.7 micron. However, the rate of condensation with the fluoroanalogue was only 8.4 X 10(-4) that of the normal reaction. A similar rate of depression (4.4 X 10(-3)) was found for solvolysis of geranyl methanesulfonate and the corresponding 2 fluoro derivative, reactions known to proceed via cationic intermediates. In contrast, displacement of chlorine from geranyl chloride and 2-fluorogeranyl chloride by cyanide showed a small (2-fold) rate enhancement for the fluoro compound. Finally, 2-fluorogeranyl pyrophosphate is a competitive inhibitor against geranyl pyrophosphate. These data are interpreted in terms of an ionization-condensation-elimination mechanism for the 1'-4 coupling reaction. PMID- 701247 TI - Mechanism of methemoglobin reduction by ascorbic acid under anaerobic conditions. AB - The time course of methemoglobin reduction by ascorbic acid under anaerobic conditions was analyzed by using isoelectric focusing on Ampholine plate gel in order to compare results obtained by studies of the changes in absorption during the reaction. The intermediate hemoglobin which appeared all through the reaction was single and identified as the alpha3+beta2+ valency hybrid. In the presence of inositol hexaphosphate, reduction of methemoglobin was considerably accelerated and this acceleration was restricted to the step in which methemoglobin is reduced to the alpha3+beta2+ valency hybrid. The phase containing alpha3+beta2+ valency hybrid reduction to deoxyhemoglobin was not affected by the presence of this organic phosphate. The reaction rate constant of each phase was estimated by the analysis of the changes in three components such as methemoglobin, alpha3+beta2+ valency hybrid, and deoxyhemoglobin. The specific attack of beta methemoglobin chains in methemoglobin tetramer by ascorbic acid was explained by the functional differences in alpha- and beta-methemoglobin chains in the protein. PMID- 701248 TI - Orientation of the band 3 polypeptide from human erythrocyte membranes. Identification of NH2-terminal sequence and site of carbohydrate attachment. AB - The NH2-terminal sequence and carbohydrate attachment site of the 95,000-dalton transmembrane polypeptide (Band 3) from human erythrocyte membranes have been studied. The blocked NH2-terminal sequence is Ac-Met-Glu-Glu; the presence of this sequence in specific fragments of the polypeptide confirms that the end of the polypeptide which is inside the cell is the NH2-terminal. The carbohydrate associated with the Band 3 polypeptide appears to be attached at a single site in the COOH-terminal third of the molecule, to a region with composition Asx1Ser2; this confirms that part of the polypeptide toward the COOH-terminal is outside the cell. The carbohydrate structure appears to be extremely heterogeneous both in size and composition, which probably causes the Band 3 polypeptide to migrate as a diffuse band on dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. PMID- 701249 TI - Selective changes in microsomal enzymes of triacylglycerol phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. PMID- 701250 TI - Kinetic analysis of rabbit liver tRNA nucleotidyltransferase. AB - The kinetic properties of rabbit liver tRNA nucleotidyltransferase were examined. Our results indicate that incorporation of AMP into tRNA-C-C at pH 9.4 proceeds by a rapid equilibrium Random Bi Bi mechanism. This conclusion was supported by bisubstrate initial velocity studies, dead end and product inhibition, and isotope exchange at equilibrium and during the net reaction. This analysis has made possible calculation of the dissociation constants of various substrates and substrate analogs. The data indicate that binding of either a substrate or substrate analog greatly decreases the affinity of the enzyme for the second substrate. Comparison of binding constants for tRNAs revealed that affinities for the enzyme are tRNA-C-C greater than tRNA-C-Cp greater than tRNA-C-C-A. Also, ATP binds considerably more tightly than ADP. The apparent equilibrium constant of the forward reaction was determined and found to be about 1500 at pH 9.4, and about 50 at pH 7.0. Analysis of the reaction at pH 7.0 suggested that it proceeds by a similar mechanism, but that the dissociation of tRNA-C-C-A becomes more important. The relation of these in vitro properties of the enzyme to its cellular function are discussed. PMID- 701251 TI - Glucose transport characteristics of quiescent thymocytes. AB - Rat thymocyte populations contain "active" cells which equilibrate quickly with 3 O-methylglucose and "quiescent" cells which equilibrate slowly. Glucose transport stimuli make quiescent cells behave like active cells as regards glucose transport. Glucose transport in quiescent cells was inhibited by phloretin and cytochalasin B. Active cells were heterogeneous in their susceptibility to inhibition by 0.1 micron cytochalasin B, half of them being inhibited about 95%, while half were inhibited modestly. The methylglucose entry Km of quiescent cells was 3 times that of active and stimulated cells. The methylglucose entry Vmax of quiescent cells was one-eighth that of stimulated cells. A fixed internal methylglucose concentration increased the influx Km of quiescent cells but not that of active or stimulated cells. These findings and others are compatible with a model in which the carrier of quiescent cells is masked by an alteration (such as ligand binding) which is relatively specific for empty as opposed to sugar loaded carrier and rather indifferent as to in versus out carrier orientation. The masking alteration stabilizes inward-facing and outward-facing unloaded carrier against both translocation and loading. The data fail to show evidence of a masking alteration of loaded carrier. PMID- 701252 TI - Structures of the acidic oligosaccharides isolated from rat sublingual glycoprotein. AB - Alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage of the major glycoprotein fraction of rat sublingual gland resulted in the release of a series of reduced oligosaccharides. Five sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides composed of 9, 10, 12, 13, and 15 sugar residues, respectively, have been purified from the acidic oligosaccharide fraction. The structures of these oligosaccharides, as determined by sequential digestion with specific glycosidases, periodate oxidation and methylation analyses of the native and desialyzed compounds, are proposed to be (formula: see text). PMID- 701253 TI - Reaction of synaptic plasma membrane sialoglycoproteins with intrinsic sialidase and wheat germ agglutinin. PMID- 701254 TI - Association of diphtheria toxin with Vero cells. Demonstration of a receptor. AB - The interaction of radiolabeled diphtheria toxin with highly sensitive mammalian cell lines was studied. Toxin bound to (or was taken up by) Vero cells at 4 and 37 degrees C in a highly specific manner. At both temperatures, excess unlabeled toxin competed for up to 90% of the cell-associated label. The association at 37 degrees C was biphasic, increasing to a peak at 1 to 2 h and falling thereafter. At 4 degrees C, association increased with time to a steady state. Both fragment B and CRM-197 competed for the association of labeled toxin with cells. The magnitude of association correlated with the cytotoxic sensitivity of several cell lines. Both pH and exogenous nucleotides affected the association in a manner consistent with effects on cytotoxicity. The label associated with cells at 4 degrees C was largely intact toxin, while that at 37 degrees C was degraded. At 4 degrees C, the association was saturable (K = 9 X 10(8) liters/mol), was reversible, and indicated about 1 to 2 X 10(5) binding sites/cell. PMID- 701255 TI - Carbon monoxide binding to a fish hemoglobin under photostationary conditions. AB - Determinations of carbon monoxide binding curves for hemoglobin from Brevoortia tyrannus under equilibrium and photostationary conditions show that in the light, the curve is shifted to the right and altered in shape. The Bohr effect is much less in the light. The kinetics of the transition between equilibrium and photostationary states has been examined. All of the results are satisfactorily described using the two-state model of Monod, J. Wyman, J., and Changeux, J.P. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12, 88-118 with the assumption that light produces an additive increase in the rate of dissociation of ligand from the R and T states. PMID- 701256 TI - The large scale isolation of mouse beta-glucuronidase and comparison of allozymes. PMID- 701257 TI - Identification of adenine nucleotide binding proteins in human platelet membranes by affinity labeling with 5'-p-flurosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine. PMID- 701258 TI - The regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the isolated perfused rat heart. PMID- 701259 TI - Isolation of monomeric cytochrome f from Japanese radish and a mechanism of autoreduction. AB - Monomeric cytochrome f from Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L. var acanthiformis Makino) leaves was isolated in a homogeneous state with an A420.5/A277 of 7.6. Radish cytochrome f is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 33,000. The midpoint potential is 350 mV. The amino acid analysis indicates the existence of 3 residues of half-cystine. Radish cytochrome f contains one thiol group which reacts with 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) only after denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Ferricytochrome f is reduced by the superoxide radical at the rate of 6 X 10(6) M 1 s-1 at pH 7.8. Radish ferricytochrome f is also reduced slowly without an exogenous electron donor. A kinetic study and the effect of the thiol reagent indicate that the autoreduction is an intramolecular reaction and that the thiol group is an electron donor. PMID- 701260 TI - The asparagine-linked sugar chains of subcomponent C1q of the first component of human complement. AB - Human C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, contains six asparagine-linked sugar chains in 1 molecule. The sugar chains are exclusively located in the COOH-terminal globular region which is composed of 330 amino acid residues. The sugar chains were liberated from the polypeptide portion by hydrazinolysis, and their structures were studied by the combination of sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis. Based on the results, the structures NeuAcalpha2 leads to 6Galbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 2Manalpha1 leads to 6(+/- NeuAcalpha2 leads to 6Galbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 2Manalpha1 leads to 3)Manbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4(+/-Fucalpha1 leads to 6)GlcNAc were confirmed. PMID- 701261 TI - [5-15N]Riboflavin as precursor in the biosynthesis of the 5,6 dimethylbenzimidazole moiety of vitamin B12. A study by 1H and 15N magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 701262 TI - Characterization of intermediate hemoglobin produced during methemoglobin reduction by ascorbic acid. AB - Methemoglobin reduction by ascorbic acid was found apparently to cease halfway without further reduction. Studies by isoelectric focusing on Ampholine plate gel revealed that the solutions of the halfway reduced methemoglobin are composed of about 6% oxyhemoglobin, 59% intermediate hemoglobin, and 35% methemoglobin. The intermediate hemoglobin was isolated by CM Sephadex C-50 column chromatography and identified as alpha3+beta2+ valency hybrid by studies using the pattern of isoelectric focusing of p-chloromercuribenzoate-treated intermediate hemoglobin on Ampholine plate gel, absorption spectra, and difference spectra induced by the addition of inositol hexaphosphate in comparison with the reconstituted valency hybrids, alpha3+beta2+ and alpha2+beta3+. Essentially no alpha2+beta3+ valency hybrid was included in the intermediate hemoglobin solutions. These results suggest that methemoglobin reduction by ascorbic acid is mainly initiated by the attack of beta-methemoglobin chains accompanied by the following scheme. Methemoglobin leads to alpha3+beta2+ valency hybrid leads to oxyhemoglobin. The course of methemoglobin reduction by ascorbic acid through alpha2+beta3+ is likely to be small. PMID- 701263 TI - Enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors of L-ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase. Demonstration of mechanistic features of the inhibition of ornithine aminotransferase by 4-aminohex-5-ynoic acid and gabaculine and correlation with in vivo activity. AB - L-Ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase is a specific enzyme with respect to the amino group donor. Nevertheless it was found that this enzyme is inhibited by some 4-aminobutyrate analogs, 4-aminohex-5-ynoic acid and 5-amino-1,3 cyclohexadienyl-carboxylic acid (gabaculine), which are currently considered to be enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors of 4-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. The inhibitory mechanisms for the two omega-aminotransferases are identical. A close structural analog of these inhibitors, 4-aminohex-5-enoic acid, is not inhibitory for ornithine aminotransferase, whereas it effectively inhibits 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. The reasons for this difference are discussed. The in vitro findings are entirely transferable to the in vivo situation: 4-aminohex-5-ynoic acid and gabaculine cause a long-lasting inhibition of ornithine aminotransferase in brain and liver, and reduce significantly in vivo ornithine degradation, whereas 4-aminohex-5-enoic acid is inactive both in vivo and in vitro toward this enzyme. The enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors allow one for the first time to study the physiological consequences of irreversible ornithine aminotransferase inhibition. PMID- 701264 TI - Membrane lipid modification of chinese hamster ovary cells. Thermal properties of membrane phospholipids. PMID- 701265 TI - Comparison of the NH2-terminal sequence of ovalbumin as synthesized in vitro and in vivo. AB - The sequence of the NH2-terminal 35 residues of chicken ovalbumin was found to be identical with that of the product translated in vitro from the corresponding mRNA. Together with our previous results (Palmiter, R.D., Gagnon, J., and Walsh, K.A. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 94-98), these data show that the only co-translational processing event at the NH2 terminus of the primary translation product is the replacement of the initiator methionine by an acetyl group. Thus, secretion of this major protein by chick oviduct does not involve the cleavage of a "signal peptide" as is characteristic of three other egg white proteins secreted by the same cells. PMID- 701266 TI - Selective chemical modification of porcine heart mitochondrial malic enzyme with 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)diphenylcarbinol. PMID- 701267 TI - In vivo and in vitro synthesis of multiple forms of rat brain actin. PMID- 701268 TI - Purification of specific DNA sequences by sulfhydryl-Sepharose chromatography of mercurated polynucleotides. AB - Recombinant plasmid DNA has been used to purify complementary cDNA by hybridization using a modification of sulfhydryl-Sepharose chromatography described by Dale and Ward ((1975) Biochemistry 14, 2458). Plasmid DNA containing cloned mouse globin or immunoglobulin sequences was mercurated and hybridized in solution to unpurified cDNA. The resulting hybrids were passed over a sulfhydryl Sepharose column where mercurated polynucleotides are retained. After washing, cDNA hybridized to the mercurated plasmid DNA was melted in situ and eluted while the mercurated plasmid DNA remained bound to the column. The conditions for purification of DNA and RNA sequences are described. The purity of the cDNAs obtained by this method is analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by hybridization. In addition, this nucleic acid purification procedure has been applied to two problems of general interest: (i) the sensitive titration of specific genes by saturation hybridization; (ii) the purification of DNA fragments bearing specific sequences from restriction endonuclease digests of total cellular DNA. The procedure is generally applicable to the purification by hybridization of any DNA or RNA sequence complementary to an available probe. PMID- 701269 TI - Effects of dexamethasone and 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the synthesis of amylase mRNA during pancreatic development in vitro. PMID- 701270 TI - Fractionation of human parotid saliva proteins. AB - A chromatographic procedure for purification of the proteins in human parotid saliva has been developed. The eluates of a Sephadex G-150 and two ion exchange columns have been analyzed simultaneously by several physical and chemical tests; these include three optical properties of proteins, assays for neutral sugars, sialic acid and zinc, and disc gel electrophoresis. The ratios of the different variables have been used to determine the homogeneity and complexity of the protein distribution in the various peaks of the chromatographic eluates. By chromatographic methods, it has been possible to purify a glycoprotein with unusual staining characteristics and amino acid composition. Glycoproteins with similar properties comprise a major portion of the proteins in parotid saliva and appear to constitute a family of related proteins which differ in molecular size, carbohydrate and sialic acid content, and electrophoretic mobility. The fractionation of several enzymes in parotid saliva is also reported. PMID- 701271 TI - Development of hormone receptors and hormone responsiveness in vitro. Effect of prolonged insulin treatment on hexose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. AB - Exposure of insulin-responsive, differentiated 3T3-L1 cells (adipocytes) to 0.1 to 1.0 microgram/ml of insulin for 3 to 48 h resulted in a persistent state of enhanced 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose uptake. Elevated basal transport activity was retained under conditions where 125I-insulin binding activity remained unchanged and exchangeable insulin was dissociated from cell surface receptors. The appearance of enhanced hexose transport activity was prevented by cycloheximide and could be distinguished from the activation of the glucose transport system observed in these and other cells during glucose deprivation. Rigorously washed adipocytes, exhibiting insulin-induced elevations in basal transport activity, were refractory to further stimulation by insulin during hexose uptake assays. Insulin-unresponsive 3T3-L1 preadipocytes failed to increase hexose uptake activity when treated under conditions that elicited an optimal response in adipocytes. PMID- 701272 TI - Subunit composition and molecular weights of the developmentally regulated lectins from Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Discoidin I, the developmentally regulated carbohydrate binding protein from Dictyostelium discoideum, migrated as a broad band during electrophoretic analysis using 10% polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The band could be resolved into two components by electrophoresis on 15% polyacrylamide gels. All highly purified preparations of discoidin I contained equal amounts of the two components, suggesting they are nonidentical subunits of the protein. The subunit molecular weights of discoidin I and discoidin II were found to be 29,500 and 26,500, values somewhat larger than those previously reported. PMID- 701273 TI - Hemin controls the expression of the beta minor globin gene in Friend erythroleukemic cells at the pretranslational level. AB - When clone 745 Friend erythroleukemia cells are induced to differentiate by treatment with 1 X 10(-4) M hemin, the beta minor globin gene is preferentially expressed over the beta major gene. An analysis of the beta-mRNA molecules in in vitro translation systems indicates that essentially only the beta minor message is available for translation. This indicates that in Friend erythroleukemia cells hemin selectively controls the expression of the beta minor globin gene at the pretranslational level. PMID- 701274 TI - The different molecular weight forms of bovine liver rhodanese. AB - Sedimentation equilibrium studies show that there are two forms of bovine liver rhodanese in crystalline enzyme preparations of full specific activity. One form dissociates to a species with a limiting molecular weight close to 19,000. The second form is nondissociable under the same experimental conditions. It exhibits a molecular weight of approximately 33,000. These conclusions are augmented by data from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and molecular exclusion chromatography. They serve to explain apparent inconsistencies in previous reports on this enzyme. PMID- 701275 TI - Peroxisomal localization of serine:pyruvate aminotransferase in human liver. AB - The distribution of L-serine:pyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.51) in human liver was examined by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. The enzyme was located only in the peroxisomes and in the soluble fraction. The peroxisomal and soluble enzymes were highly purified and characterized. The two enzyme preparations had nearly identical properties, suggesting that the soluble enzyme is from broken peroxisomes. The two enzyme preparations showed different properties from rat liver serine:pyruvate aminotransferase (Noguchi, T., Okuno, E., and Kido, R. (1976) Biochem. J. 159, 607-613). PMID- 701276 TI - Postsynthetic modification of high mobility group proteins. Evidence that high mobility group proteins are acetylated. AB - High mobility group proteins were isolated from calf thymus and duck erythrocyte nuclei and the possibility was investigated that these proteins undergo acetylation similar to that occurring in some histones. Dinitrophenylation of the proteins followed by acid hydrolysis and amino acid analysis indicated that 2 to 3% of the lysine residues present were unavailable for reaction with fluorodinitrobenzene. Extensive enzymatic degradation with trypsin and pronase and subsequent amino acid analysis showed a significant amount of material eluting at the position of epsilon-N-acetyllysine. Recovery and acid hydrolysis of this material generated a peak eluting in the lysine position. In vitro radioactive labeling of calf thymus nuclei with [3H]acetate yielded labeled high mobility group proteins. All of these findings are in accord with the conclusion that high mobility group proteins are acetylated and that acetylation occurs as a postsynthetic modification of these proteins. PMID- 701277 TI - Glycosylation of interferons. Effects of tunicamycin on human immune interferon. AB - Human immune interferon, induced in leukocytes by phytohemagglutinin, was prepared in the absence and presence of tunicamycin, an antibiotic which selectively inhibits the glycosylation of newly synthesized glycoproteins. Interferon preparations, produced in the absence of the antibiotic, displayed a considerable chromatographic heterogeneity on: (a) concanavalin A-agarose, (b) phenyl-agarose, (c) Cibacron Blue F3GA-agarose, and (d) polyuridylic acid agarose. This heterogeneity was completely eliminated when tunicamycin (2 microgram/ml) was present during induction of interferon; all activity was then recovered in the breakthrough fractions from all sorbents. The level of interferon activity in leukocyte culture fluid was not affected by tunicamycin within the range of concentration 0.05 to 2.0 microgram/ml. These data indicate that (a) human immune interferon undergoes glycosylation, and tunicamycin is an effective inhibitor of this process. Thus, it appears that (b) at least some of the carbohydrates of human immune interferon are N-glycosidically linked. Moreover, it seems that (c) glycosylation is not necessary for an interferon molecule to either be secreted by the cell or (d) to express its antiviral function. Such properties of human immune interferon as (e) the apparent hydrophobicity and (f) an affinity for a polyribonucleotide are conferred only when its glycosylation is unimpaired. PMID- 701278 TI - Heterogeneity of estrogen binding sites in the cytosol of the rat uterus. PMID- 701279 TI - Electron-accepting properties of cytochrome o purified from Vitreoscilla. AB - The reduction of cytochrome o which contains two hemes/molecule required two electrons/molecule when titrated with dithionite under anaerobic conditions. Two types of spectral transitions occurred during this reduction, first a decrease in absorption bands for the oxidized protein at 540 and 405 nm and then a shift in the absorption maxima to 555 and 425 nm, respectively. Each of these two transitions required approximately one electron, evidence that the two hemes reduced separately. Preliminary estimates of the midpoint potentials of the two hemes enabled the selection of two suitable oxidation-reduction dyes, toluylene blue (E'o = +0.115 V) and indigo carmine (E'o = -0.125 V) which were used to estimate more accurately the midpoint potentials of the high and low potential hemes, respectively, using equilibrium photochemical titrations with EDTA and flavin mononucleotide. The midpoint potentials of the two hemes of cytochrome o determined by this technique were +0.118 and -0.122 V. PMID- 701280 TI - Copolymers of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate in chick embryo epiphyses and other cartilage. AB - Tetrasaccharides were prepared from chondroitin sulfate by means of a limited degradation with chondroitinase ABC. Tetrasaccharides containing one sulfate per disaccharide unit were isolated and were found to be of three types: a tetrasaccharide with two 6-sulfated disaccharide units, a tetrasaccharide with two 4-sulfated disaccharide units, and a tetrasaccharide with one 4-sulfated disaccharide unit and one 6-sulfated disaccharide unit. Samples of each of these three types of tetrasaccharides were obtained from chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage and from a mixture of bovine tracheal cartilage and shark cartilage. The presence of both a 4-sulfated disaccharide unit and a 6-sulfated disaccharide unit in the same tetrasaccharide molecule indicates the existence of mixed 4 and 6 sulfation on the same chondroitin sulfate chain. PMID- 701281 TI - mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase from vaccinia virus. Purification and physical properties. AB - An S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase, one of at least three activities required for the 5'-terminal modification of mRNA, has been purified from vaccinia virus particles. Employing brome mosaic virus RNA ending in m7G(5')pppG- as substrate, a simple DEAE-cellulose filter assay measuring the incorporation of methyl groups from S-adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine to position 2' of the penultimate nucleoside was devised. Starting from disrupted vaccinia virus cores, a 350-fold enzyme purification was achieved by successive chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sephadex, and APP-agarose. Analysis of the isolated enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide discontinuous gel electrophoresis revealed a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 38,000. Similar molecular weights were obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation and gel filtration of the native methyltransferase. The isoelectric point of the purified enzyme occurs at pH 8.4. PMID- 701282 TI - mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase from vaccinia virus. Characteristics and substrate specificity. AB - An mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase purified from vaccinia virus was shown to methylate the penultimate nucleoside of RNA ending in m7G(5')pppN-. By contrast, RNAs ending in pN-, ppN-, or even G(5')pppN- are not methyl acceptors. This specificity indicates that 2'-O-methylation is the final step in the formation of the m7G(5')pppNm- cap structure. Both adenosine and guanosine are methylated, in accordance with the presence of these nucleosides in the penultimate position of vaccinia virus mRNAs. Studies with homopolyribonucleotides containing m7G(5')pppN ends indicated that poly(A) and poly(I) were the best methyl acceptors while significant but much less activity was obtained with poly(G), poly(U), and poly(C). Simple dinucleotides of the type m7G(5')pppN, however, are poor substrates and do not compete with capped RNA. Additional studies indicate that the methyltransferase has a pH optimum of 7.5, does not require divalent cations, is inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine, has a Km of 2.0 micrometer for S-adenosylmethionine, a Km of approximately 5 nM for brome mosaic virus RNA, and kinetics consistent with a random bireactant mechanism. PMID- 701284 TI - De novo purine synthesis in avian liver. Co-purification of the enzymes and properties of the pathway. AB - The enzymes of the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway have been partially co purified from pigeon liver by a method dependent upon the use of the nonionic polymer polyethylene glycol for enzyme stabilization and cofractionation. Although the enzymes did not appear to constitute a large macromolecular complex it was evident that some particular inter-relationship between them was preserved during the purification procedure. Analysis of the end products and pathway intermediates was carried out primarily by sensitive high pressure liquid chromatographic techniques. Substrate and cofactor requirements were confirmed and optimal conditions of pH, temperature, and K+ ion activation established. At phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PP-ribose-P) concentrations below 0.3 mM the activity of the first pathway enzyme amidophosphoribosyltransferase was rate limiting, and the inhibition of this enzyme by AMP regulated the rate of purine ring synthesis. At higher concentrations of PP-ribose-P, aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase, the fifth enzyme of the pathway became rate limiting and was subject to inhibition by added AMP. It was evident that the regulation of purine synthesis was quite complex and that AMP inhibition (perhaps reflected in a low adenylate energy charge) can be effected at different points on the purine pathway. PMID- 701283 TI - Release of phospholipase A and triglyceride lipase from rat liver. AB - A new, rapid, and sensitive assay for phospholipase A, utilizing commercially available [14C]phosphatidylethanolamine with 14C label in both palmitic acid moieties, was used to study phospholipase A release from perfused liver, hepatocytes, and intestinal cells from rats. Heparin triggered a prompt release of phospholipase A from perfused liver. Phospholipase A and triglyceride lipase were released from hepatocytes at a linear rate for 1 h and 30 min, respectively. Heparin (20 u/ml) doubled the release of phospholipase A and triglyceride lipase from hepatocytes. Colchicine (0.1 mM), but not puromycin (0.2 mM), inhibited basal and heparin-stimulated phospholipase A release by 40%. Since the amount of phospholipase A and triglyceride lipase released into the medium greatly exceeded intracellular activities, it is possible that secretion is coupled with intracellular conversion from inactive to active forms of the enzymes. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 mM) inhibited phospholipase A (48%) and triglyceride lipase (82%) release from hepatocytes. Epinephrine, dexamethasone, and clofibrate inhibited release of triglyceride lipase but not phospholipase A. Phospholipase A activity of intestinal cells was greater than in hepatocytes, but neither heparin nor dibutyryl cyclic AMP affected phospholipase A release from intestinal cells. These results suggest that the liver is a major source of phospholipase A of postheparin plasma. The fact that dibutyryl cyclic AMP affects the release of these enzymes suggests an additional mechanism for hormonal regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 701285 TI - Assignment of the cysteinyl 13C nuclear magnetic resonances and comparison of other aliphatic amino acid resonances of Clostridium acidi-urici, Clostridium pasteurianum, and Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxins. AB - 13C NMR spectra of Clostridium acidi-urici, Clostridium pasteurianum, and Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxins show that some 13C resonances of the aliphatic amino acid residues are shifted significantly from their corresponding resonance positions in the spectra of model polypeptides or apoferredoxin. Thirteen 13C resonances are shifted into the 80- to 120-ppm (from CS2) region, and have been assigned to the cysteinyl alpha and beta carbon atoms. The remaining shifted resonances in the 120- to 190-ppm region are tentatively assigned to amino acid residues that may be close to [4Fe-4S] clusters of the oxidized and reduced ferredoxins. The similarity in the shift pattern of the corresponding 13C resonances of the cysteinyl alpha and beta carbon atoms in the three ferredoxins studied suggests that the three-dimensional amino acid environments of the corresponding [4Fe-4S] clusters in each protein are similar. PMID- 701286 TI - Selective binding of mouse estradiol.receptor complexes to oligo(dT)-cellulose. AB - As a model for the nonspecific interaction of steroid receptors with DNA, the binding of estradiol.receptor complexes of mouse kidney and uterine cytosols to oligo(dT)-cellulose was studied in detail. A limited concentration range of monovalent cationic salts was required for optimal binding, regardless of prior activation of the receptor complexes or the oligomer ligand. Thermal activation of the receptor complexes did not facilitate binding. The reaction was selective for intracellular steroid hormone.receptor complexes, as extracellular proteins binding estradiol with low affinity (bovine serum albumin) or high affinity (mouse alpha-fetoprotein) were inactive. Both crude and partially purified kidney cytosol receptor complexes bound preferentially to oligo(dT)- and oligo(dC) celluloses, rather than oligo(dA)-celluloses. These findings suggest that at least part of the nonspecific interaction of estradiol.receptor complexes with native DNA is through a salt-sensitive binding of the complex to pyrimidine-rich surfaces of the DNA. PMID- 701287 TI - Mechanism of luteinizing hormone regulation of prostaglandin synthesis in rat granulosa cells. AB - The present study was undertaken to examine the mechanism by which luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in rat granulosa cells. Immature rats were injected with 20 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and granulosa cells isolated 48 h later. LH (5 microgram/ml) stimulated PGE synthesis markedly over the control with no additions in 6-h incubations (1.98 +/- 0.24 and 0.24 +/- 0.05 ng/2 X 10(6) cells, respectively, n = 6). When arachidonic acid (100 microgram/ml) was included during the last hour of incubation, further increases to 15.4 +/- 2.9 and 2.48 +/- 0.48 ng of PGE/2 X 10(6) cells in LH and control incubations were observed. The cause of the increased response to a 1-h incubation with arachidonic acid in the LH-treated cells did not appear to be a stimulation of fatty acid uptake. In addition, when cellular lipids were labeled by a 2-h incubation with radioactive arachidonic acid, LH did not stimulate intra or extracellular release of arachidonic acid. A 5-fold stimulation of prostaglandin synthetase activity, however, was observed in cells incubated with LH for 5 h. Our results, therefore, indicate that LH acts at a step in the prostaglandin pathway after hydrolysis of arachidonic acid esters and produces an increase in prostaglandin synthetase activity. PMID- 701288 TI - Inhibition of elongation steps of protein synthesis at reduced potassium concentrations in reticulocytes and reticulocyte lysate. AB - We treated intact reticulocytes with nystatin to make them permeable to small cations and varied the concentration of K+ in the medium; the ionic strength was kept constant by adjusting Na+. As the intracellular K+ was lowered, the rate of protein synthesis decreased. In a reticulocyte lysate, the dependence of the rate of protein synthesis on K+ concentration (at constant ionic strength) was similar to that seen in nystatin-treated cells. We observed no loss of polysomes at low K+. Even when initiation was blocked with aurintricarboxylic acid, decreased K+ inhibited protein synthesis. Analysis of the kinetics of synthesis showed that lowering the K+ concentration inhibits the rate of elongation of nascent chains, but has little effect on the relative rate of initiation of chains. PMID- 701289 TI - Nerve growth factor in mouse saliva. Rapid isolation procedures for and characterization of 7 S nerve growth factor. PMID- 701290 TI - Regioselective and stereoselective hydroxylation of R and S warfarin by different forms of purified cytochrome P-450 from rabbit liver. PMID- 701291 TI - Binding and receptor-mediated degradation of insulin in adipocytes. PMID- 701292 TI - Active site studies of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - There are 16 epsilon-amino groups of lysyl residues which are essential for the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. These lysyl residues formed a Schiff base with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate which was stabilized by NaBH4 reduction. The stoichiometry of covalently bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate after NaBH4 reduction was determined spectrophotometrically with a derived molar extinction coefficient of 4800 M-1 cm-1. The incorporation of pyridoxal 5' phosphate into the protein was accompanied by loss of the carboxylase and oxygenase activities, but the ratio of their activities remained constant. Vmax, but not Km, values were changed by this modification of the amino acid groups. Half of the epsilon-amino groups of lysine appeared to be at the 8 catalytic sites and half at the 8 activator sites for CO2, as indicated by kinetics of reactivation of the enzyme activity during dissociation of the Schiff base between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the protein. Reduction with NaB3H4 revealed that all 16 of the lysyl residues were on the large subunit. Ribulose-1,5-bis phosphate alone protected 16 amino groups from Schiff base formation with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and the enzyme activity was fully conserved. NaHCO3 increased and MgCl2 lowered slightly the protective effect of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate. Modification of sulfhydryl groups by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid inhibited the enzyme and excluded binding of 8 equivalents of pyridoxal 5' phosphate. Upon removal of the mercuribenzoate groups with excess dithiothreitol, the loss of enzyme activity was exponentially correlated with the binding of 8 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mol of enzyme. In contrast to p chloromercuribenzoic acid, iodoacetamide, which inhibited the catalysis, had no influence on the binding of the 16 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mol of enzyme. It is suggested that the CO2 activator site with one epsilon-amino group for binding of CO2 and the catalytic site with one epsilon-amino group of a yet unknown function are located closely together on the large subunits of the enzyme. The results are consistent with a sulfhydryl group as the proton acceptor opposite carbon 3 of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, and when this sulfhydryl group is blocked by the bulky mercuribenzoate group, but not by the small carboxyamidomethyl group, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding is modified. PMID- 701293 TI - Cholinergic stimulation of alanine and glutamine formation and release from skeletal muscle. PMID- 701294 TI - Adhesion of chicken hepatocytes to polyacrylamide gels derivatized with N acetylglucosamine. AB - Complex carbohydrates on the surfaces of eukaryotic cells are thought to participate in a wide variety of cell-cell interactions. A model system has therefore been developed to study these processes. In the present experiments, the ability of chicken hepatocytes to recognize and adhere to sugars covalently linked to polyacrylamide gels was investigated. The gels were snythesized by two methods. Type I gels were prepared from a co-polymer of an active ester of acrylic acid (N-succinimidyl acrylate), acrylamide, and bisacrylamide. The "activated" polyacrylamide gel was then treated with the desired ligand containing an amino group, such as 6-aminohexyl O- or S-glycoside. Type II gels were formed by treating similar ligands with acryloyl chloride, followed by co polymerization of the resulting N-substituted acrylamide with acrylamide and N,N' methylenebisacrylamide. These polyacrylamide derivatives offer many advantages for studies with intact cells. They are not toxic to any cell type studied, can be cast in any desired shape, are transparent and stable over a wide range of pH values, and contain no cationic and low to negligible levels of anionic charge (charged groups can be introduced if desired), and the polyacrylamide matrix is stable to common biological agents such as bacteria and enzymes. In addition, type I gels can be synthesized using a broad range of molecules containing amino groups, such as glycopeptides, proteins, etc. The hepatocytes were prepared by collagenase perfusion of intact chicken livers. The rate and extent of adhesion of the cells to the derivatized gels was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase in these cells. This enzyme was also used to assay viability and cell "leakiness." At 37 degrees C, 70 to 100% of the cells adhered within 60 min to gels derivatized with N-acetylglucosamine, i.e. gels derivatized with 6 aminohexyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (or the corresponding thioglycoside). By contrast, less than 5% of the cells adhered to polyacrylamide or to gels derivatized with 6-aminohexanol or the 6-aminohexyl glycosides of beta D-glucose, beta-D-galactose, alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-maltose, beta-D-melibiose, beta-D-cellobiose, and (alpha or beta)-D-lactose. Kinetic studies with the chicken hepatocytes and N-acetylglucosamine gels showed that cell-gel binding was dependent upon Ca2+ and was decreased at low temperatures. Binding was inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine or by glycosides of this sugar, the most effective inhibitor being orosomucoid (alpha1-acid glycoprotein) pretreated with sialidase and beta-galactosidase. The cell surface receptor(s) involved in this interaction is not known, but may be related or identical to the chicken liver binding protein described by Lunney and Ashwell (Lunney, J., and Ashwell, G. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73, 341--343). The present results suggest that this model system should prove useful in delineating cell surface interactions with carbohydrates. PMID- 701295 TI - Isolation and characterization of flavin-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit skeletal muscle mitochondria and comparison with the enzyme from rabbit brain. AB - Mitochondrial glycerol-3-P dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) has been purified in 20% yield from both rabbit skeletal muscle and brain using a four step procedure involving osmotic shock, solubilization with Triton X-100, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative column isoelectrofocusing. The active muscle and brain enzymes were found to be 95% and 80% homogeneous, respectively. Final purification was performed on the denatured subunit. The active enzyme from each of the tissues focused at pH 5.25 +/- 0.12 and each produced similar biphasic thermal inactivation plots at 50 degrees C. Mixtures of the purified brain and muscle enzymes co-migrated in discontinuous electrophoresis gels and each enzyme exhibited a single polypeptide component on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels either when run separately or in mixtures. The subunit molecular weight was shown to be 76,000 +/- 3,000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration in 6 M guanidine HCl. One mole of noncovalently bound FAD and 1 mole of iron were measured per Mr = 100,000. The amino acid composition was determined based on the assumption of 70 aspartate residues per subunit to give a Mr = 76,000. The absorption spectrum has a maximum at 416 nm and a shoulder at 450 to 460 nm which is bleached on treatment with sodium dithionite. The maximum at 416 nm is removed by treatment with mersalyl. PMID- 701296 TI - Enzyme immobilization on heparin. AB - We describe the preparation and some of the properties of heparin-bound alpha chymotrypsin that were obtained via activation of heparin with water-soluble carbodiimide. Immobilized enzyme has unchanged kinetic characteristics toward low molecular- weight and macromolecular substrates. The heparin-bound enzymes could have a wide range of medical applications. PMID- 701297 TI - Transport properties of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile. AB - Measurements of the permeability coefficients of various compounds up-to a molecular weight of about 70,000 have shown clearly that membranes prepared from hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile are about 10 times more permeable than those made of poly(2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate. The higher permeability is probably due more to the higher water content (about 75%) than to the type of network. The high mechanical strength of the membranes and their good permeability to compounds possessing a comparatively high molecular weight seem to designate the material for some new applications in medicine. PMID- 701298 TI - Interactions of bovine thrombin and plasma albumin with low-energy surfaces. AB - Surface configurations are vessels fabricated from tubing and plate, films deposited on the surface of vessels, and beads confined in vessels. The average association constant between thrombin and sites on commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) surface (Lucite) is near 4 X 10(8) liters/mole at 22 degrees C, pH 7.0, and ionic strength 0.15. Depending on Lucite composition, average adsorption U, in molecules/cm2 of apparent solution-surface interface, ranges from 0.7 to 8.8 X 10(11). Analysis based on the assumptions that solution dimensions are preserved, adsorption is random, and surface rearrangement is negligible indicates a paucity of surface sites. Plasma albumin competes with thrombin for surface sites. Attempts to detect, by thrombin adsorption, the presence of free sites at 4.5 X 10-9M albumin or the displacement of bound albumin indicate an albumin-site association contrast greater than 1.6 X 10(9). Cross-linked poly(methyl acrylate) bead surface has U less than 5 X 10(10). In contrast to acrylic resins are silicone gum, polypropylene, and polyisobutylene, for which U ranges from 15 to 20 X 10(11). Analysis as above indicates that sites are of frequent occurrence. Material composition suggests that thrombin can interact with nonpolar groups. Further characteristics of low-energy surfaces are that progressive surface denaturation is small and there is a large variance between nominally equivalent configurations. PMID- 701299 TI - Mathematical models for the release of drugs from matrix tablets. AB - A previously derived cubic equation describing the release of drugs from matrix tablets is compared with a more complex equation recently presented. Using data obtained from cylindrical hydrocortisone matrix tablets, it is shown that the simpler cubic equation affords an equally acceptable description of drug release. Because the cubic equation contains a release-rate constant Kr that is independent of tablet shape, a congruency between this equation and other historical models of diffusion may be demonstrated. It is suggested, given the complexity of drug disposition in vivo, that simplicity in modeling is a desirable goal. PMID- 701300 TI - Defects in failed stems of hip prostheses. AB - A study has been made of the fractures and associated material from 34 prostheses broken in service. All the fractures appear to be of the fatigue type. Search by metallographic analysis for cracklike generating defects in material near the fracture reveals such conditions as abnormally coarse crystals, large nonmetallic inclusions, large inclusion population, undissolved master alloy particles, abnormal carbide segregation, interdendritic segregation, shrinkage, and gas porosity. Recommendations are made for the choice of metallic alloys for femoral stem application. PMID- 701301 TI - A novel technique for studying the adsorption of plasma proteins on hydrophobic surfaces. AB - A method is shown for deducing the surface area of a pendant drop from the same profile photograph as is normally used to determine interfacial tension. Manipulation of such drops by a micrometer syringe then enables the pendant drop to be used as a surface balance for studying adsorption from bulk solutions. Results are given for the compression of films from solutions of albumin, gamma globulin, fibrinogen, albumin-gamma-globulin mixture and albumin-gamma-globulin fibrinogen mixture, and from serum, plasma, and blood at the isooctane-buffer interface. It is suggested that gamma-globulin and fibrinogen films are unfolded at the interface but that albumin films are different in that they consist of an inner, unfolded layer and an outer, globular layer. A film from serum resembles that from gamma-globulin alone, and not that from albumin-gamma-globulin mixture, whereas a film from plasma resembles that of fibrinogen at low compression and that of albumin-gamma-globulin-fibrinogen mixture at high compression. A film from blood is shown to resemble that from plasma. PMID- 701302 TI - A high-modulus polymer for porous orthopedic implants: biomechanical compatibility of porous implants. AB - A high-modulus polymer, polysulfone, was evaluated as a porous bone implant material. The bone ingrowth into canine cortical pellets of sintered polysulfone particles was assessed by microradiography and histology. The shear strength of the porous polysulfone-bone interface was determined by push-out and pull-out tests of cortical and trochanteric implants, respectively. Results indicated that the bone ingrowth into porous polysulfone specimens proceeded in such a fashion as to mimic the normal repair at the site. Mechanical testing of cortical and cancellous implants revealed that the interfacial shear strength of the porous polysulfone-bone composite was similar to that achieved using porous metals. PMID- 701303 TI - Antibiotics in acrylic bone cement. In vitro studies. AB - The effect of combining gentamicin and cephalothin with Surgical Simplex bone cement was tested in vitro. Experiments were designed to determine (1) quantitative elution rates and period of time the antibiotics were eluted and (2) effective bactericidal qualities. Both antibiotics were eluted from polymerized acrylic cement in large quantities within 24--48 hr after coming in contact with fluid and continued to be released in smaller amounts for 21 days to more than 175 days. This varied with the antibiotic, concentration of antibiotic in the cement, surface area of cement, and volume of elution fluid. Quantitative determinations of numbers of bacteria in broth cultures demonstrated that sufficient quantities of antibiotics were released to be bactericidal to microorganisms within 45 min to 20 hr. This was dependent on the type of antibiotic, type of bacteria, concentration of antibiotic in the cement, and time of contact. PMID- 701304 TI - Adsorption of plasma proteins on hydrophobic surfaces. III. Serum, plasma, and blood. AB - Liquid-air and liquid-liquid interfaces were used as models for the liquid-solid system of plasma proteins and hydrophobic surfaces in the study of adsorption of serum, plasma, and blood onto these surfaces. The interfacial tension is determined for three phases: air, methylene iodide, and isooctane. Curves of interfacial tension versus time for the various systems are given from which a triple-intersection point, where the protein solution is in equilibrium with each surface, is found. It is shown that albumin, gamma-globulin, and a mixed solution of these at in vivo concentrations behave in characteristic and constant manners at the three interfaces of air, methylene iodide, and isooctane. A range of synthetic surfaces which have constant behavior at equilibrium is deduced and it is concluded that any soft tissue response differences between such surfaces could not be the result of albumin or gamma-globulin. PMID- 701305 TI - Corrosion behavior of cast and forged cobalt-based alloys for double-alloy joint endoprostheses. AB - An ideal combination of mechanical and corrosion properties of long-term implants such as joint endoprostheses has yet to be found. Besides being resistant to pitting and crevice attack, which can lead to corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking failures, the implant material must be highly resistant to wear and abrasion. Two cobalt-based alloys, wrought CoNiMoTi and air-cast CoCrMo, were subjected to a number of selected in vitro electrochemically and chemically accelerated corrosion tests in chloride-containing solutions with wrought AISI 316L used as a reference alloy. A limited number of immersion tests in FeCl3 and acidified FeCl3 solutions were also conducted. It is found that the mechanical properties of wrought CoNiCrMoTi alloy qualify it as a substitute for cast CoCrMo alloy and wrought AISI-316L in anchorage shaft production for all types of joint endoprostheses. Wrought CoNiCrMoTi has a higher resistance to fatigue cracking compared with cast CoCrMo and is as resistant to selective corrosion phenomena such as stress corrosion cracking. PMID- 701306 TI - Acid phosphatase activity as enzymatic assay of biomedical compatibility of polymers. PMID- 701307 TI - Partial or complete resection of the hemipelvis. An alternative to hindquarter amputation for periacetabular chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. AB - After excision of the hemipelvis through a combined subnatal and anterior incision preserving the lower extremity, five patients with periacetabular chondrosarcoma, after a follow-up of three to six years, were able to walk with no support or with minimum lateral support and had resumed their preoperative occupations. None had either the instability that might have been anticipated or incapacitating discomfort from the neoarthrosis, and there was no evidence of spread or recurrence of tumor in any of the five patients. The procedure, which has the same basic indications as a hindquarter amputation, is a rewarding substitute for that mutilating operation, although the follow-up is too short and the series is too small to warrant conclusions as to the cure rate. PMID- 701308 TI - Resection and reconstruction for primary neoplasms involving the innominate bone. AB - Using described criteria for the selection of patients for excision or resection of tumors involving various portions of the innominate bone, as opposed to hemipelvectomy, fifty-seven out of the more than 200 patients evaluated were judged to be candidates for a curative procedure. Of these, twenty-five were selected for hemipelvectomy and thirty-two, for non-amputative procedures. Depending on the location and extent of the lesion as determined by complete preoperative work-ups, three types of procedures were performed singly or in combination:(1) wide excision or radical resection of the iliac wing; (2) periacetabular wide excision or radical resection; or (3) wide excision or radical resection of the pubis. Reconstruction was accomplished when the hip joint was excised by fusion or the creation of a pseudarthrosis either medially in relation to the pubis or laterally in relation to the ilium or wing of the sacrum. The results after follow-ups of one to seventeen years were assessed in terms of the immediate goals of surgery, control of the disease, and function. The findings were as follows: With the preoperative assessment and operative techniques described, an oncologically adequate procedure was performed in two thirds of the cases. In the remaining cases, the adequacy of the procedure was compromised by poorly planned biopsies, occult microextensions, and surgical errors. The recurrence rate was high after the inadequate procedure (100 per cent) and low (4 per cent) after the adequately accomplished procedures. Function was nearly normal when the hip joint was preserved. If the hip joint was removed and fusion was obtained, the results were good, but fusion was obtained in only 50 percent of the cases in which it was attempted. If the hip joint was removed and pseudarthrosis resulted, the results ranged from good to poor. Sciatic-nerve involvement necessitating resection of the nerve was not a contraindication to a non-amputative procedure. PMID- 701310 TI - The Jones fracture revisited. AB - Twenty-two patients with twenty-three fractures of the proximal part of the diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal, an injury originally described by Jones, are reported. The average follow-up was 3.5 years. Delayed union occurred in twelve (66.7 per cent) of eighteen patients treated conservatively. Four patients were operated on within two weeks of injury. The clinical picture in nine of the twenty-two patients suggested that the injury was a stress fracture. Force platform analysis in eleven cases confirmed that the injury results from vertical and mediolateral forces concentrated over the fifth metatarsal and that it is not caused by inversion. Thirteen of the twenty-three fractures were in young athletes, often occurring during training and causing significant disability. In this group of patients, and in a select number of recreational athletes and non athletes with delayed union, intramedullary screw fixation of the fracture is advised. PMID- 701309 TI - Reconstruction of the pelvic ring following tumor resection. AB - Two patients with chondrosarcoma of the periacetabular region were treated by local resection and reconstruction of the pelvic ring and hip, implanting a Charnley-Mueller total hip replacement and reconstituting the pelvic ring with cement reinforced by Kuntscher rods and heavy Kirschner wires. The first patient, in whom adequate resection was accomplished, was well five years later and was able to walk with a mild lurch and without a cane except when walking long distances on rough ground. Despite a fall causing a fracture of the ipsilateral tibial plateau at two years and a fatigue fracture of the ipsilateral ischium which healed at 4.5 years, the implant had remained intact. In the other patient, for whom hemipelvectomy was advised but who refused it, the resection was not adequate and although he was able to walk with a cane for short distances postoperatively, he died of metastases at two years. Based on these two cases, it would appear that reconstruction of the pelvic ring and hip may be feasible in a few very carefully selected cases of periacetabular tumors. PMID- 701311 TI - Arthroscopy of the knee. Evaluation of an out-patient preocedure under local anesthesia. AB - In 228 knees submitted to arthrotomy following arthroscopy, there were eleven diagnostic errors in those knees examined under general anesthesia and five diagnostic errors in those knees examined under local anesthesia with a diagnostic accuracy of 91.1 and 95.2 per cent, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that accuracy is not diminished by performing arthroscopic examinations under local anesthesia on ambulatory out-patients. In 297 knees examined under local anesthesia, no complications were encountered. In 282 knees examined under general or spinal anesthesia, there was one pulmonary embolus and two significant hemarthroses. Except when there are specific overriding considerations, local anesthesia is preferable in the performance of diagnostic arthroscopy. PMID- 701312 TI - Arthrodesis in failed total knee replacement. AB - Compression arthrodesis can be used as a salvage procedure in failed total knee replacement. In fourteen patients so treated, the fusion failed in five. As regards the cause of failure, the most important factor was technical inadequacy of the arthrodesis procedure; that is, the required stable fixation and solid bone-to-bone contact. In procedures that we considered technically adequate, there was fusion in seven of the nine knees. The fusion seemed to be delayed in these patients, averaging 5.3 months (range, two to twelve months). Fixation with a double clamp seemed to be more effective than with a single clamp. PMID- 701313 TI - Hoke triple arthrodesis. AB - One hundred and nine cases of the Hoke triple arthrodesis which were done between 1945 and 1974 are reviewed. The results of the procedure are similar to other series insofar as correction of the deformity and the non-union rate are concerned. There was, however, an over-all incidence of aseptic necrosis of the talus of 6.5 per cent. A change in technique, in which the origin of the artery to the tarsal canal was left intact, has eliminated this complication. Excessive stress on the ankle joint as a result of the triple arthrodesis, although theoretically a problem, was not significant during follow-up of these patients. In the fourteen patients with myelomeningocele, there was acceleration of degeneration of the ankle joint, but Charcot joints did not develop. PMID- 701315 TI - Congenital thoracic lordosis. AB - The rare spinal deformity of congenital thoracic lordosis is illustrated in five patients. Often this deformity is progressive and may cause severe pulmonary deficits and death. In the two patients most recently treated, early spine fusion (one anterior and one posterior) showed promising results--halting of the progression of deformity and even some amelioration of the lordosis. In two patients in whom active attempts were made to correct the lordosis, the complications were severe--one patient died and quadriparesis developed in the other. PMID- 701314 TI - Results of reduction and stabilization of the severely fractured thoracic and lumbar spine. AB - From 1962 to 1976, ninety-five patients with fracture-dislocations of the spine were treated with Harrington instrumentation and fusion within ninety days of injury. This report presents the results of this procedure related to reduction, stabilization, return of neural function, and total hospital stay. Mean follow-up was twenty-one months. Reduction and stabilization were attained without a substantial number of complications, but no more return of neural function in the patients was evident than has been reported in the literature for patients treated with postural reduction and bed rest. Total hospital stay averaged 107 days from day of injury. PMID- 701316 TI - Osteotomy for tibia vara in Paget's disease under cover of calcitonin. AB - Five women with Paget's disease of the tibia were seen with pain in the knee, ankle, or both, as well as with tibial bone pain. All had tibia vara and internal torsion of the tibial shaft. Osteotomy to correct the deformities was preceded by a course of calcitonin which relieved the bone pain but did not relieve the articular pain. Relief after satisfactory correction of the tibial deformity was achieved in all patients. Calcitonin effectively minimized bleeding at the osteotomy site and complications were not encountered. PMID- 701317 TI - Arterial hypertension induced by femoral lengthening. A canine model. AB - In a canine experimental model, femora were lengthened 2.5 to 3.0 centimeters over a one-minute period. Systolic blood-pressure elevation averaged forty millimeters of mercury and diastolic blood-pressure elevation, twenty-two millimeters of mercury. The average peak arterial pressure was 193/115 millimeters of mercury. The effects of sympatholytic agents on the experimental model were tested. Alpha-adrenergic blockade by phenoxybenzamine, total-body catecholamine depletion by reserpine, and sympathetic ganglionic blockade by trimethaphan camphorsulfonate all inhibited the rise in arterial pressure, but beta-adrenergic blockade by propranolol did not. A differential spinal anesthetic with Xylocaine solution dramatically decreased the elevation in arterial pressure. PMID- 701318 TI - Treatment of unicameral bone cysts by curettage and packing with plaster-of-Paris pellets. AB - Long-term follow-up of twenty-six patients with unicameral bone cysts treated by curettage and packing with plaster-of-Paris pellets showed a recurrence in only two cases and no serious complications. PMID- 701319 TI - Ambulation in thoracic paraplegia. PMID- 701320 TI - Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee mimicking primary bone neoplasms. A report of two cases. PMID- 701321 TI - Pigmented villonodular synovitis involving bone. Case report. PMID- 701322 TI - Benign osteoblastoma of the thoracic spine. Case report with fifteen-year follow up. PMID- 701323 TI - Hangman's fracture with non-union and late cord compression. A case report. PMID- 701324 TI - Entrapment occlusion of the ulnar artery in the hand. A case report. PMID- 701325 TI - Decreased uptake in bone scans ("cold lesions") in metastatic carcinoma. Two case reports. PMID- 701326 TI - Spinal deformity secondary to scar formation in a battered child. A case report. PMID- 701327 TI - Premature monomelic growth arrest following fracture of the femoral shaft. A case report. PMID- 701329 TI - Special qualification: its implication for education and practice. PMID- 701328 TI - The use of the Orthopaedic Educational Computer Data Bank to determine cognitive "profiles" of the orthopaedic in-training examinations. From the Committee on Examinations and Evaluation of The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Chicago. PMID- 701330 TI - Infection of the lower lumbar spine with Neisseria meningitidis. A case report. PMID- 701331 TI - Cervical dislocation following fusion of the upper thoracic spine for scoliosis. A case report. PMID- 701332 TI - Neuropathic spine after spinal cord injury. A case report. PMID- 701333 TI - A pelvic immobilization device in total hip-replacement surgery. PMID- 701334 TI - A dynamometric outrigger for use in scoliosis surgery. PMID- 701335 TI - Treatment of orthopaedic infections with electrically generated silver ions. A preliminary report. AB - Electrically generated silver ions have been shown previously to be a potent antibacterial agent with an exceptionally broad spectrum as indicated by in vitro testing. The present study reports on clinical experience using electrically generated silver ions as adjunctive treatment in the management of chronic osteomyelitis. Fourteen patients had fifteen treatment attempts: thirteen for chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia, one for acute and chronic pyarthrosis and osteomyelitis of the knee, and one for a chronically draining sinus after total hip replacement. Wound debridement, silver ion iontophoresis, and subsequent wound care (usually provided by the patient) resulted in control of the infection in twelve of the fifteen treatment attempts and in healing of the non-union after follow-up ranging from three to thirty-six months. The other three attempts led to two partial and one complete failure. PMID- 701336 TI - Genu recurvatum in spastic cerebral palsy. Report on findings by gait analysis. AB - Using high-speed motion pictures, electromyography, a dynamic piezoelectric force plate, and computer analysis of the data, the gait patterns of fifteen children, four to sixteen years old, with spastic cerebral palsy and genu recurvatum were analyzed to determine the mechanisms producing genu recurvatum and the effect of fixed-ankle below-the-knee orthoses. In all children the recurvatum during stance phase began when the tibia stopped moving forward and disappeared when tibial movement resumed. In six patients (Group I), excessive activity of the calf muscles in response to the increasing dorsiflexion moment about the ankle produced by the foot-floor reaction force arrested the forward motion of the tibia. In six others (Group II), the contraction of the calf muscles was not sufficiently strong to resist the dorsiflexion moment and the tibia moved forward until maximum dorsiflexion had occurred and then stopped. In both instances recurvatum was produced when the femur continued to move forward over the stationary tibia and an extension moment was produced at the knee. In no patient did activity of the knee flexors prevent recurvatum, which was eliminated only by resumption of forward movement of the tibia. This movement of the tibia was produced either by heel-off (Group I) or by sudden unweighting of the limb due to opposite heel-strike (Group II). In Group I, when tibial motion stopped in the first half of stance phase the position of the hip rapidly changed from flexion to extension and there was forward leaning of the trunk, while in Group II the change from hip flexion to extension occurred with backward leaning of the trunk. The fixed-ankle below-the-knee orthosis, by preventing excessive dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, produced more normal moments about all joints, especially the knee. In the three children (Group III) whose recurvatum was permanently corrected by the brace, no explanation for the improvement was evident in these studies. PMID- 701337 TI - Postural sway in amputees and normal subjects. AB - The postural sway of amputees was investigated quantitatively in fifty patients with above-the-knee amputations and in twenty-nine patients with below-the-knee amputations. The factors evaluated were: (1) the mean speed of sway: (2) the range of movement in the sagittal and coronal planes; and (3) the dependence on vision as indicated by the ratio of eyes-open to eyes-closed values. The results demonstrated that in amputees there is an increased dependence on vision for maintenance of the erect posture. Postural sway in patients with below-the-knee amputations was found to be significantly greater than that in those with above the-knee amputations. Postural sway increased with age; but the visual dependence for the control of postural sway was independent of age. PMID- 701338 TI - Anterior cruciate ligament repair for rotatory instability: the Lindemann dynamic muscle-transfer procedure. AB - The Lindemann operation, originally performed in 1950 as a reconstructive procedure for the anterior cruciate ligament, was performed in the knees of eight patients suffering from rotatory instability. Although the instability persisted, as shown by roentgenographic and clinical examination, treatment with the tendon transfer appears to have provided dynamic stabilization. Seven of the eight patients so treated were subjectively improved, and they returned to sports or activities which they had not been able to perform prior to surgery. PMID- 701339 TI - Fractures of the odontoid process in young children. AB - We reviewed eleven patients less than seven years old with fractures of the odontoid process in an effort to establish a more standard form of treatment for the injury and to determine what complications, if any, occur as a result of fractures of the odontoid process in pediatric patients. Our study showed that children with odontoid fractures that are recognized and treated promptly usually do well. The fracture can usually be reduced by passive manipulation or by the "hanging head technique". Support in the reduced position for two to three months in a Minerva jacket or halo cast should be long enough to permit healing. Our study suggests that fractures of the odontoid process in young patients almost always heal. PMID- 701340 TI - The spine in osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - A high incidence of spinal curvature, approaching 80 per cent in patients more than twelve years old, was found in a large series of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Curves showed early progression and a predictable pattern. In the age range between one and five years the incidence of scoliosis was 26 per cent; thereafter, it rose precipitously. The degree of curvature was greater in the older children. The Milwaukee brace was ineffective in the treatment of the scoliosis and the complications of its use were detrimental. In several patients it deformed the rib cage. It had little or no effect on the progression of the curve. The incidence and degree of curvature was related to the type of bone present. Patients with chest deformities and those who were not ambulatory seemed to have a predilection for scoliosis. PMID- 701341 TI - Survival and ambulation following hip fracture. AB - A retrospective analysis of the outcomes in 360 patients with fractures of the hip showed return to preinjury ambulatory status in 51 per cent. One year after injury 27 per cent of the patients had died and 22 per cent were non-ambulatory. For the first eight months after injury the death rate in the fracture population exceeded that of the population at large, while afterward it was the same. Factors that increased the probability of death and non-ambulation included advanced age, preoperative presence of cerebral dysfunction, and male sex. PMID- 701343 TI - Total hip arthroplasty in chronically dislocated hips. Follow-up study on the protrusio socket technique. AB - The so-called protrusio socket technique of total hip arthroplasty was shown to be very effective in a series of twenty-two chronically dislocated or subluxated hips. In seventeen patients with follow-up of sixteen to fifty-nine months, excellent results were obtained in all but two hips. Obesity and rheumatoid arthritis or other systemic causes of osteopenia are considered contraindications to the procedure. PMID- 701344 TI - Kinematics of the wrist. II. Clinical applications. AB - A reproducible method of measuring carpal height and carpal-ulnar distance and expressing them as ratios of these distances to the length of the third metacarpal, as reported in a previous paper9, was applied to serial roentgenograms of seventeen patients with rheumatoid disease and six patients with Kienbock's disease. These ratios provide an accurate expression of the extent of carpal collapse and of ulnar translation. However, once carpal collapse has occurred, the trajectory of hand motion becomes flattened, and, as a result, the carpal height ratio will vary as the wrist moves from maximum radial to maximum ulnar deviation. These ratios may be of use in predicting a patient's clinical course, but a larger clinical study is necessary before use of the measurements for this purpose can be recommended with assurance. PMID- 701342 TI - Segmental fractures of the femur treated by closed intramedullary nailing. AB - Twenty acute segmental fractures of the femoral shaft were treated with closed intramedullary nailing. The severity of the soft-tissue damage and associated injuries necessitated careful preoperative care. The surgical technique and means of reduction are outlined. Follow-up of at least one year on all patients showed a 100 per cent rate of union with no infections. Major complications included splitting of the greater trochanter during nailing (one case) and an 11-degree valgus deformity (one case). Maximum shortening was 1.5 centimeters. Knee flexion averaged 135 degrees in these acute fractures. The results in this series indicate that closed intramedullary nailing is an excellent method of treatment for this difficult fracture. PMID- 701345 TI - Acute ulnar neuropathy with fractures at the wrist. AB - Injury to the ulnar nerve associated with or following a fracture at the wrist is unusual. Three cases of this association are presented. Previously reported cases have been reviewed. The associated lesions tend to occur in young adults after higher-energy trauma and more dorsal displacement of the distal radial fragment than are generally seen in patients with Colles fractures. The return of function in the three wrists was related to the promptness and accuracy of reduction of the fracture and to the decompression of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal. We present a regimen for treatment of this injury stressing accurate reduction of the fracture and early surgical decompression when necessary. PMID- 701346 TI - Numerical assessment of bone scintigraphy in primary bone tumors and tumor-like conditions. AB - Fifty-four tumors or tumor-like conditions in bone were studied by numerically assessed 99m-technetium polyphosphate scintigraphy. The uptake was expressed as a ratio of the uptake in the tumor region to the uptake in a corresponding region in the contralateral part of the body. In the malignant tumors there was marked variation in the uptake within each individual tumor group, a variation that rendered a differential diagnosis impossible. In general, the uptake was fairly high in malignant tumors and lower in benign ones. A ratio below 1.5 suggested the likelihood that the lesion was benign. The ratios also varied considerably with the site of the tumor and the patients' ages. Relatively low ratios were found for tumors of the trunk and for juxta-articular tumors in children, whereas higher and more varied ratios were observed in tumors of the peripheral skeleton in adults. It is concluded that numerically assessed scintigraphy is not a useful supplement to other methods used for diagnosing bone tumors. PMID- 701347 TI - Results of surgical treatment for non-union after high tibial osteotomy in osteoarthritis of the knee. AB - In a series of 280 high tibial osteotomies performed for osteoarthritis of the knee between 1969 and 1975, there were ten cases of pseudarthrosis, an incidence of 3.6 per cent. These ten knees (and an additional two that were referred to us) were reoperated on. In most cases the pseudarthrosis was resected and stabilized with the Charnley transfixation-compression method. Other procedures involved resection without compression (one knee), compression blade-plate fixation, and arthroplasty with a hinge endoprosthesis. All osteotomies healed eventually with the knee in satisfactory position. In spite of the initial non-union and repeated operation, all twelve patients eventually had satisfactory correction of the preosteotomy deformity, and none had a loss in walking ability. All but two patients had freedom from pain. We concluded that patients with non-union following high tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the knee should undergo resection of the pseudarthrosis and transfixation compression as the treatment of choice. Endoprosthetic replacement then can be used as a salvage procedure if it is needed. PMID- 701348 TI - Vertebral osteonecrosis associated with pancreatitis in a child. A case report. PMID- 701349 TI - Malgaigne fracture of the pelvis: treatment with percutaneous pin fixation. Report of two cases. PMID- 701350 TI - Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the tibia. A case report. PMID- 701351 TI - Hydronephrosis from retroperitoneal fibrosis after anterior spine fusion. A case report. PMID- 701352 TI - Roentgenographic evidence of median-nerve entrapment in a greenstick humeral fracture. PMID- 701353 TI - Neurofilament proteins of rat peripheral nerve and spinal cord. AB - Intact neurofilaments were isolated in parallel from rat peripheral nerve and spinal cord by osmotic shock into hypotonic media containing divalent cation chelators. Isolated neurofilaments were washed and separated by multiple centrifugations in 0.1 M NaCl. Abundant intact neurofilaments were identified in the washed pellets by negative staining techniques. Their origin from neurofilaments was confirmed by immune electron microscopy. Washed neurofilaments were extracted from lipid and membranous components with 8 M urea. Analyses of neurofilament isolates on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels showed that proteins of 200,000, 150,000, and 69,000 mol wt were the major components of intact neurofilaments derived from rat peripheral and central nervous systems. These same proteins were identified in whole tissue homogenates of both sources and became enriched during the isolation of intact neurofilaments. A minor component of 64,000 mol wt arose during isolation. Other proteins were identified as contaminants. Small amounts of proteins with electrophoretic migration of tubulin and actin remain in neurofilament isolates. PMID- 701354 TI - Heterogeneous nuclear RNA-protein fibers in chromatin-depleted nuclei. AB - The heterogeneous nuclear RNA-protein (hnRNP) fibers in HeLa cell nuclei are visualized by a nuclear subfractionation technique which removes 96% of the chromatin in a single step and 99% in a two-step elution but leaves the bulk of the hnRNA complexed with the remnant nuclear structure or lamina. Both steady state and newly synthesized (approximately 15-s label) hnRNA are associated with the remnant nuclei to about the same extent. This association does not appear to depend on the presence of chromatin and exists in addition to any possible association of hnRNP with chromatin itself. Electron microscopy of partially purified nuclear hnRNA complexes shows that the hnRNP fibers form a ribonucleoprotein network throughout the nucleus, whose integrity is dependent on the RNA. Autoradiography confirms that hnRNA is a constituent of the fibers. The RNA network visualized in these remnant nuclei may be similar to RNA networks seen in intact cells. The hnRNA molecules appear to be associated with the nuclear lamina, at least in part, by unusual hnRNA sequences. More than half of the recovered poly(A) and double-stranded hnRNA regions remains associated with the nuclear structures or the laminae after digestion with RNase and elution with 0.4 M ammonium sulfate. In contrast, the majority of oligo(A), another ribonuclease resistant segment, is released together with most of the partially digested but still acid-precipitable single-stranded hnRNA and the hnRNP proteins not eluted by the ammonium sulfate alone. These special RNA regions appear to be tightly bound and may serve as points of attachment of the hnRNA to nuclear substructures. It is suggested that hnRNA metabolism does not take place in a soluble nucleoplasmic compartment but on organized structures firmly bound to the nuclear structure. PMID- 701355 TI - Retrieval and recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane in pinched-off nerve terminals (synaptosomes). AB - The morphological features of pinched-off presynaptic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from rat brain were examined with electron microscope techniques; in many experiments, an extracellular marked (horseradish peroxidase or colloidal thorium dioxide) was included in the incubation media. When incubated in physiological saline, most terminals appeared approximately spherical, and were filled with small (approximately 400-A diameter) "synaptic vesicles"; mitochondria were also present in many of the terminals. In a number of instances the region of synaptic contact, with adhering portions of the postsynaptic cell membrane and postsynaptic density, could be readily discerned. Approximately 20- 30% of the terminals in our preparations exhibited clear evidence of damage, as indicated by diffuse distribution of extracellular markers in the cytoplasm; the markers appeared to be excluded from the intraterminal vesicles under these circumstances. The markers were excluded from the cytoplasm in approximately 70- 80% of the terminals, which may imply that these terminals have intact plasma membranes. When the terminals were treated with depolarizing agents (veratridine or K-rich media), in the presence of Ca, many new, large (600--900-A diameter) vesicles and some coated vesicles and new vacuoles appeared. When the media contained an extracellular marker, the newly formed structures frequently were labeled with the marker. If the veratridine-depolarized terminals were subsequently treated with tetrodotoxin (to repolarize the terminals) and allowed to "recover" for 60--90 min, most of the large marker-containing vesicles disappeared, and numerous small (approximately 400-A diameter) marker-containing vesicles appeared. These observations are consistent with the idea that pinched off presynaptic terminals contain all of the machinery necessary for vesicular exocytosis and for the retrieval and recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane. The vesicle membrane appears to be retrieval primarily in the form of large diameter vesicles which are subsequently reprocessed to form new "typical" small-diameter synaptic vesicles. PMID- 701356 TI - Amniotic fluid fibronectin. Characterization and synthesis by cells in culture. AB - A glycoprotein immunologically related to plasma cold-insoluble globulin (CIG) and fetal skin fibroblast fibronectin has been purified from second-trimester human amniotic fluid. This protein (amniotic fluid fibronectin) migrated more slowly than CIG on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and showed greater polydispersity which could result, at least in part, from heterogeneity in glycosylation. Cloned human amniotic fluid epithelioid and fibroblastic cells synthesized and secreted a protein with similar properties into the culture medium. Fibronectin was shown to be associated with the pericellular and extracellular matrix of cultured amniotic fluid cells by immunofluorescence, lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, and labeling with ferritin-conjugated antibodies. The kinetics of secretion of the protein were consistent with its role as a matrix protein. We anticipate that amniotic fluid fibronectin will prove to be the same protein which elsewhere in the body is incorporated into connective tissues and basement membranes. Amniotic fluid could, therefore, serve as a convenient source of in vivo synthesized fibronectin for biological and structural studies. PMID- 701357 TI - Acetylcholine compartments in mouse diaphragm. Comparison of the effects of black widow spider venom, electrical stimulation, and high concentrations of potassium. AB - We have studied the effects of 25 mM potassium, electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve, and crude black widow spider venom on the ultrastructure, electrophysiology, and acetylcholine (ACh) contents of mouse diaphragms. About 65% of the ACh in diaphragms is contained in a depletable store in the nerve terminals. The rest of the ACh is contained in a nondepletable store that may correspond to the store that remains in denervated muscles and includes, in addition, ACh in the intramuscular branches of the phrenic nerve. About 4% of the ACh released from the depletable store at rest is secreted as quanta and may come from the vesicles, while 96% is secreted in a nonquantized form and comes from an extravesicular pool. The size of the extravesicular pool is uncertain: it could be less than 10%, or as great as 50%, of the depletable store. K causes a highly (but perhaps not perfectly) selective increase in the rate of quantal secretion so that quanta account for about 50% of the total ACh released from K-treated diaphragms. K, or electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve, depletes both the vesicular and extravesicular pools of ACh when hemicholinium no. 3 (HC-3) is present. However, most of the vesicles are retained under these conditions so that the diaphragms are able to increase slightly their rates of release of ACh when K is added. Venom depletes the terminals of their vesicles and abolishes the release of quanta of ACh. It depletes the vesicular pool of ACh (since it depletes the vesicles), but may only partially deplete the extravesicular pool (since it reduces resting release only 10--40%). The rate of release of ACh from the residual extravesicular pool does not increase when 25 mM K is added. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that stimulation may double the rate of release of ACh from the extravesicular pool, our results are compatible with the idea that the ACh released by stimulation comes mainly from the vesicles and that, when synthesis is inhibited by HC-3, ACh may be exchanged between the extravesicular pool and recycled vesicles. PMID- 701358 TI - Membrane proteins synthesized but not processed by isolated maize chloroplasts. AB - One-dimensional maps of proteolytic fragments generated by digestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used to identify three polypeptides synthesized by isolated Zea mays chloroplasts. This technique does not depend upon proper incorporation of the newly synthesized polypeptides into a more complex structure for their identification. The only preliminary purification required is electrophoretic separation on SDS polyacrylamide gels. The pattern of radioactive fragments from labeled proteins which co-migrate with the alpha and beta subunits of chloroplast coupling factor (CF1) corresponds precisely to the pattern of stainable fragments derived from subunits of the purified enzyme. A 34,500-dalton protein is the major membrane associated product of protein synthesis by isolated maize chloroplasts. From the similarity in the fragments formed by digestion with S. aureus protease, it appears that this radioactive protein is probably a precursor of a 32,000-dalton protein which is a component of the thylakoid. The alpha and beta subunits of CF1 newly synthesized by isolated chloroplasts are not fully extractable by procedures which normally solubilize the enzyme from membranes. The 34,500-dalton protein is not processed to the 32,000-dalton form in any great amount by isolated chloroplasts. A 19,000-dalton fragment of the 32,000-dalton protein is protected from digestion when thylakoids are treated with proteases, while the newly synthesized 34,500-dalton protein is fully susceptible. The isolated chloroplast does not appear to be able to fully integrate these newly made proteins into the membrane structure. PMID- 701359 TI - Nerve growth factor prevents the death and stimulates the neuronal differentiation of clonal PC12 pheochromocytoma cells in serum-free medium. AB - The PC12 clone is a noradrenergic cell line derived from a rat pheochromocytoma. In culture medium containing horse serum, PC12 cells undergo mitosis; when nerve growth factor (NGF) is included in the medium, the cells cease multiplication and extend neuritis. It is shown here: (a) that PC12 cells are not viable in serum free medium. When serum is withdrawn, 90 percent of the cells die within 4-6 days and 99 percent by 2-3 wk. (b) If NGF is added at the time of serum withdrawal, the cells undergo one doubling and remain viable for at least 1 mo. (c) Addition of NGF to cultures after more than 2 days in serum-free conditions results in maintenance of surviving cells, but not in an increase in cell number. (d) NGD also induces neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells in serum-free medium. (e) NGF treated cells exhibit much less cell-cell and neurite-neurite aggregation in the absence than in the presence of serum. (f) The apparent minimum level of 2.5S NGF required for PC12 survival and morphological differentiation in serum-free medium is about 10 ng/ml (approximately 0.4 nM). (g) Withdrawal of NGF in serum-free conditions results in degeneration of neurites and loss of cell viability. (h) Experiments with campotothecin demonstrate that the effects of NGF on survival and neurite outgrowth may be uncoupled and suggest that the survival effects are transcriptionally independent. The present results also suggest that PC12 cells have a requirement for NGF (similar to that of normal sympathetic neurons) and that serum may substitute for this requirement. In addition, the present system of maintaining a highly differentiated cell line in a chemically defined medium suggests certain experimental opportunities. PMID- 701360 TI - Electron microscope localization of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat. I. Normal ganglion. AB - The distributions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the cat were determined by electron microscopy (EM) with the bis-(thioacetoxy)aurate (I), or Au(TA)2, method. Before the infusion of fixative, one of the enzymes was selectively, irreversibly inactivated in vivo, as confirmed by light microscope (LM) examination of sections of the stellate ganglion stained by the more specific copper thiocholine method. Physostigmine-treated controls, for inhibition of AChE or BuChE, were stained concomitantly with tissue for enzyme localization by the Au(TA)2 method for EM examination in each experiment. It was concluded that most of the AChE of the cat SCG is present in the plasma membranes of the preganglionic axons and their terminals, and in the dendritic and perikaryonal plasma membranes of the postsynaptic ganglion cells. BuChE is confined largely to the postsynaptic neuronal plasma membranes. Reasons for the discrepancies between the localizations found by the present direct EM observations and those deduced earlier from LM comparisons of normal and denervated SCG are discussed. It is proposed that a trophic factor released by the preganglionic terminals is probably required for the synthesis of postsynaptic neuronal AChE, and that BuChE may serve as a precursor of AChE at that site. PMID- 701361 TI - Fat body protein granules and storage proteins in the silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia. AB - Fat body cells of silkmoth pupae (Hyalophora cecropia ) contain granules, showing a less dense outer zone and a denser, often crystalline, inner portion appear after cocoon spinning and increase until the larval-pupal ecdysis; more granules are formed in females than in males. Urate granules, appearing fibrous in internal structure, first form about the same time, but their accumulation is more gradual, and continues in the pupa. Both types have been isolated by centrifugation. Protein granules dissolve in buffers to yield proteins 1 and 2, with distinct electrophoretic and antigenic properties. These proteins have been isolated individually from pupal fat body extracts by using their different thermal stabilities in phosphate buffer containing MgCl2 and (NH4)2SO4, respectively, and purification was completed by gel chromatography. Protein 1 has a molecular weight of 480,000 and a subunit of 85,000 daltons, while protein 2 gives values of 530,000 and 89,000, respectively. Their amino acid compositions are similar but distinct. Proteins 1 and 2 accumulate in the hemolymph, beginning 3 days before spinning, reach maximal levels at spinning, and then decline in the hemolymph while granules are formed in the fat body, although the total hemolymph protein concentration does not decline at this time. It is concluded that the fat body of the late, feeding larva synthesizes two related "storage proteins" and secretes them in partially crystalline granules as protein reserves for metamorphosis. PMID- 701362 TI - Sulfation of fucoidin in Fucus embryos. III. Required for localization in the rhizoid wall. AB - Zygotes of the brown alga Fucus distichus L. Powell accumulate a sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidin) in the cell wall at the site of rhizoid formation. Previous work indicated that zygotes grown in seawater minus sulfate do not sulfate the preformed fucan (an unsulfated fucoidin) but form rhizoids. Under these conditions, we determined whether sulfation of the fucan is required for its localization in the rhizoid wall. This was accomplished by developing a specific stain for both the fucan and fucoidin. Using a precipitin assay, we demonstrated in vitro that the lectin ricin (RCA(I)) specifically complexes with both the sulfated and desulfated polysaccharide. No precipitate is observed when either is incubated in 0.1 M D-galactose or when RCA(I) is mixed with laminarin or alginic acid, the other major polysaccharides in Fucus. RCA(I) conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is also shown to bind specifically to fucoidin using a filter paper (DE81) assay. When added to zygotes, RCA(I)-FITC binds only to the site of fucoidin localization, i.e., the rhizoid cell wall. However, RCA(I)-FITC is not observed in the rhizoid wall of zygotes grown in the absence of sulfate. This observation is not due to inability of RCA(I)-FITC to bind to the fucan in vivo. Chemically desulfated cell walls that contained fucoidin in the rhizoid wall bind RCA(I)-FITC only in the rhizoid region. Also, the concentration of fucose-containing polymers and polysaccharides that form precipitates with RCA(I) is the same in embryos grown in the presence or absence of sulfate. If sulfate is added back to cultures of zygotes grown without sulfate, fucoidin is detected at the rhizoid tip by RCA(I)-FITC several hours later. These results support the conclusion that the enzymatic sulfation of the fucan is a modification of the polysaccharide required for its localization and/or assembly into a specific region of the cell wall. PMID- 701365 TI - Direct measurement of species-specific cohesion in cellular slime molds. AB - Partially differentiated cells of two species of cellular slime molds, Dictyostelium discoideum and Dictyostelium purpureum, were labeled with isothiocyanate derivatives of fluorescent dyes. The labeled cells of each species segregated promptly when mixed and placed on moist filters. We determined whether cells studied at a time when they demonstrated this capacity to segregate showed a preferential adherence to cells of the same species. When labeled dissociated cells of each species were interacted with an unlabeled immobilized layer of cells of each species under appropriate conditions, binding was, in part, species specific. PMID- 701363 TI - Spatial orientation of glycoproteins in membranes of rat liver rough microsomes. I. Localization of lectin-binding sites in microsomal membranes. AB - Carbohydrate-containing structures in rat liver rough microsomes (RM) were localized and characterized using iodinated lectins of defined specificity. Binding of [125I]Con A increased six- to sevenfold in the presence of low DOC (0.04--0.05%) which opens the vesicles and allows the penetration of the lectins. On the other hand, binding of [125I]WGA and [125I]RCA increased only slightly when the microsomal vesicles were opened by DOC. Sites available in the intact microsomal fraction had an affinity for [125I]Con A 14 times higher than sites for lectin binding which were exposed by the detergent treatment. Lectin-binding sites in RM were also localized electron microscopically with lectins covalently bound to biotin, which, in turn, were visualized after their reaction with ferritin-avidin (F-Av) markers. Using this method, it was demonstrated that in untreated RM samples, binding sites for lectins are not present on the cytoplasmic face of the microsomal vesicles, even after removal of ribosomes by treatment with high salt buffer and puromycin, but are located on smooth membranes which contaminate the rough microsomal fraction. Combining this technique with procedures which render the interior of the microsomal vesicles accessible to lectins and remove luminal proteins, it was found that RM membranes contain binding sites for Con A and for Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) located exclusively on the cisternal face of the membrane. No sites for WGA, RCA, soybean (SBA) and Lotus tetragonobulus (LTA) agglutinins were detected on either the cytoplasmic or the luminal faces of the rough microsomes. These observations demonstrate that: (a) sugar moieties of microsomal glycoproteins are exposed only on the luminal surface of the membranes and (b) microsomal membrane glycoproteins have incomplete carbohydrate chains without the characteristic terminal trisaccharides N-acetylglucosamine comes from galactose comes from sialic acid or fucose present in most glycoproteins secreted by the liver. The orientation and composition of the carbohydrate chains in microsomal glycoproteins indicate that the passage of these glycoproteins through the Golgi apparatus, followed by their return to the endoplasmic reticulum, is not required for their biogenesis and insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. PMID- 701364 TI - Spatial orientation of glycoproteins in membranes of rat liver rough microsomes. II. Transmembrane disposition and characterization of glycoproteins. AB - Rat liver microsomal glycoproteins were purified by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A Sepharose columns from membrane and content fractions, separated from rough microsomes (RM) treated with low concentrations of deoxycholate (DOC). All periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoproteins of RM showed affinity for concanavalin A Sepharose; even after sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gel electrophoresis, most of the microsomal glycoproteins bound [125I]concanavalin A added to the gels, as detected by autoradiography. Two distinct sets of glycoproteins are present in the membrane and content fractions derived from RM. SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that RM membranes contain 15--20 glycoproteins (15--22% of the total microsomal protein) which range in apparent mol wt from 23,000 to 240,000 daltons. A smaller set of glycoproteins (five to seven polypeptides), with apparent mol wt between 60,000 and 200,000 daltons, was present in the microsomal content fraction. The disposition of the membrane glycoproteins with respect to the membrane plane was determined by selective iodination with the lactoperoxidase (LPO) technique. Intact RM were labeled on their outer face with 131I and, after opening of the vesicles with 0.05% DOC, in both faces with 125I. An analysis of iodination ratios for individual proteins separated electrophoretically showed that in most membrane glycoproteins, tyrosine residues are predominantly exposed on the luminal face of the vesicles, which is the same face on which the carbohydrate moieties are exposed. Several membrane glycoproteins are also exposed on the cytoplasmic surface and therefore have a transmembrane disposition. In this study, ribophorins I and II, two integral membrane proteins (mol wt 65,000 and 63,000) characteristic of RM, were found to be transmembrane glycoproteins. It is suggested that the transmembrane disposition of the ribophorins may be related to their possible role in ribosome binding and in the vectorial transfer of nascent polypeptides into the microsomal lumen. PMID- 701366 TI - Evidence that contact with connective tissue matrix is required for normal interaction between Schwann cells and nerve fibers. AB - Explants of fetal rat sensory ganglia, cultured under conditions allowing axon and Schwann cell outgrowth in the absence of fibroblasts, occasionally develop nerve fascicles that are partially suspended in culture medium above the collagen substrate. In these suspended regions, fascicles are abnormal in that Schwann cells are decreased in number, are confined to occasional clusters along the fascicle, provide ensheathment for only a few axons at the fascicle periphery, and do not form myelin. When these fascicles are presented with a substrate of reconstituted rat-tail collagen, Schwann cell numbers increase, ensheathment of small nerve fibers occurs normally, and larger axons are myelinated. We conclude that, for normal development, Schwann cells require contact with extracellular matrix as well as axons. The Schwann cell abnormalities in suspended fascicles are similar to those observed in nerve roots of dystrophic mice. PMID- 701367 TI - The effects of temperature and glucose on protein biosynthesis by immature (round) spermatids from rat testes. AB - A method is described for the preparation of highly purified fractions (greater than 80% pure) of immature spermatids (round, steps 1--8) from rat testes by centrifugal elutriation in sufficient yields for biochemical studies when four rat testes are used. Electron microscopy established the identity of the cells and demonstrated that the cell membrane is intact. Some cells develop nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuoles during the 2 h required for preparation. Immature spermatids prepared by this method use glucose with an increase in oxygen consumption, lactate production, and protein synthesis over control levels (no glucose). The testicular cell suspension from which spermatids are separated, like whole testis and spermatids themselves, show higher incorporation of amino acids into TCA precipitable material at 34 degrees C than at 38 degrees C and in the presence of glucose. A subcellular system prepared from immature spermatids with excess ATP shows greater incorporation of amino acids into TCA-precipitable material at 34 degrees C than at 38 degrees C. This difference does not result from increased breakdown of protein. It is concluded that body temperature (38 degrees C) inhibits some aspect(s) of protein synthesis in addition to previously reported effects on amino acid transport and production of ATP (Means and Hall. 1969. Endocrinology. 84:285--297.). PMID- 701368 TI - Persistence of an amine uptake system in cultured rat sympathetic neurons which use acetylcholine as their transmitter. AB - Cultures of dissociated rat superior cervical ganglion neurons (SCGN) were treated with the sympatholytic agent, guanethidine. When treated within the first couple of weeks in vitro, the neurons were rapidly destroyed. The cells grew less susceptible to the toxic effects of guanethidine with age in vitro. Moreover, the apparent affinity, Km, of the transport molecule for norepinephrine (NE) and guanethidine remained essentially unchanged between 2 and 7 wk in culture, as did the maximum velocity of transport (Vmax). This is at a time when previous studies have shown these neurons to be using acetylcholine (ACh) as their neurotransmitter. Cultures which were grown without supporting cells and from which cholinergic synaptic interactions were recorded physiologically were processed for autoradiography after incubation with [3H]NE. All cell bodies and processes seen had silver grains accumulated over them. These experiments show that sympathetic neurons in vitro maintain their amine uptake system relatively unchanged, even though they use ACh as their transmitter. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 701369 TI - Ca++-dependent disassembly and reassembly of occluding junctions in guinea pig pancreatic acinar cells. Effect of drugs. AB - Incubation of guinea pig pancreatic lobules in Ca++-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRB) containing 0.5 mM ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (EGTA) results in the progressive fragmentation of the occluding zonulae (ZO) with formation of multiple discrete junctions (fasciae occludentes) localized in the lateral and lumenal plasmalemma. After 1--2 h of such incubation, most ZO appear completely disassembled. This results in the disappearance of the heterogeneity in density of intramembrane particles on the P fracture faces of the basolateral and lumenal plasmalemma. If Ca++ ions are reintroduced into the incubation fluid at this point, continous zonulae reform around the apices of the cells; in contrast, the density of intramembrane particles (imp) at the lumenal plasmalemma remains the same as in the basolateral region, at least for 3 h after Ca++ reintroduction. When added to the incubation fluid, cycloheximide (at a dose known to inhibit protein synthesis greater than 95%) and cytochalasin B (at doses which disrupt microfilaments and modify the cell shape) had no effect on the organization of ZO, on their disassembly in Ca++ free, EGTA medium, or on their Ca++-dependent reformation. Likewise, the organization and disassembly of ZO were unaffected by colchicine; however, after treatment with the latter drug the reassembly was defective, with formation of strand networks on the lateral surface and incomplete segregation of the lumenal region. Antimycin A, on the other hand, when added to the Ca++-EGTA medium, induced a large proliferation of long, infrequently anastomosed junctional strands, usually arranged to form ribbons, festoons, and other bizarre arrays. The possible relationship of these in vitro findings to the in vivo biogenesis and turnover of occluding junctions is discussed. It is suggested that the impairment of reassembly of zonulae by colchicine might be correlated with the disorder induced by the drug on the general organization of pancreatic exocrine cells. Moreover, antimycin A could act by promoting the aggregation of a pool of free junctional strand components (or precursors) that might exist normally in pancreatic exocrine cells. PMID- 701370 TI - Distribution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-anti-HRP immune complexes in mouse spleen with special reference to follicular dendritic cells. AB - The distribution of immune complexes has been studied in mouse spleen stimulated to contain many germinal centers (GC's). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-anti-HRP complexes were used as an appropriately precise and sensitive model. We were primarily interested in the relative abilities of three cell types to interact with complexes: lymphocytes, macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells (FDC's). The latter are distinctive, nonendocytic, stellate cells located primarily at the transition of mantle and GC zones of 2 degrees lymphoid follicles (Chen, L. L., J. C. Adams, and R. M. Steinman, 1978, J. Cell Biol. 77:148). Binding of immune complexes to lymphocytes could not be visualized in situ. Macrophages avidly interiorized complexes into lysosomes, but did not retain them extracellularly. In contrast, FDC's could retain HRP-anti-HRP extracellularly under appropriate conditions, but did not endocytose them. Cytochemical reactivity accumulated progressively on FDC's 1--6 h after administration of complexes i.v., remained stable in amount and location for 1 day, and then was progressively lost over a 1 to 5-day period. Several variables in the association of complexes with macrophages and FDC's were pursued. Only 1 microgram of complexed HRP had to be administered to visualize binding to both cell types. Macrophages interiorized complexes formed in a wide range of HRP/anti-HRP ratios, while FDC's associated with complexes formed in HRP excess only. Quantitative studies with [125I]HRP anti-HRP demonstrated that 20% of the splenic load of HRP associated with FDC's. Complexes formed with an F(ab')2 anti-HRP were distributed primarily in macrophages. When the levels of the third component of serum complement were depleted by prior treatment with cobra venom factor, uptake of complexes by macrophages was reduced some 50% whereas association with FDC's was abolished. The fact that antigen excess complexes are retained extracellularly strengthens the idea that they are immunogenic. Finally, the association of complexes with FDC's seems to retard the entry of antigen into the GC proper. PMID- 701371 TI - Physiological and morphological evidence for coupling in mouse salivary gland acinar cells. AB - Three experimental techniques were employed to examine coupling between acinar cells of the mouse salivary gland. Passage of DC current pulses via intracellular microelectrodes between neighboring cells showed that small ions could be directly passed from one cell to another. Intracellular iontophoresis of the dye Lucifer Yellow CH into a single cell indicated that small molecules could spread by means of intercellular cytoplasmic bridges througout an acinus and, occasionally, into cells of adjacent acini. Freeze-fracture replicas of acinar cell membranes indicated the presence of gap junctions which were correlated with both electrical and dye coupling experiments. Suggestions are made for the function of direct intercellular exchange in salivary secretory cells. The role of electrical coupling in coordination of the activity of different secretory cell types is discussed as one possible function. PMID- 701372 TI - Quantitative studies on the localization of the cholinergic receptor protein in the normal and denervated electroplaque from Electrophorus electricus. AB - Electroplaques dissected from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus are labeled by tritiated alpha1-isotoxin from Naja nigricollis, a highly selective reagent of the cholinergic (nicotinic) receptor site. Preincubation of the cell with an excess of unlabeled alpha-toxin and with a covalent affinity reagent or labeling in the presence of 10(-4) M decamethonium reduces the binding of [3H]alpha-toxin by at least 75%. Absolute surface densities of alpha-toxin sites are estimated by high-resolution autoradiography on the basis of silver grain distribution and taking into account the complex geopmetry of the cell surface. Binding of [3H]alpha-toxin on the noninnervated face does not differ from background. Labeled sites are observed on the innervated membrane both between the synapses and under the nerve terminals but the density of sites is approx. 100 times higher at the level of the synapses than in between. Analysis of the distance of silver grains from the innervated membrane shows a symmetrical distribution centered on the postsynaptic plasma membrane under the nerve terminal. In extrasynaptic areas, the barycenter of the distribution lies approximately 0.5 micrometer inside the cell, indicating that alpha-toxin sites are present on the membrane of microinvaginations, or caveolae, abundant in the extrajunctional areas. An absolute density of 49,600 +/- 16,000 sites/micrometer2 of postsynaptic membrane is calculated; it is in the range of that found at the crest of the folds at the neuromuscular junction and expected from a close packing of receptor molecules. Electric organs were denervated for periods up to 142 days. Nerve transmission fails after 2 days, and within a week all the nerve terminals disappear and are subsequently replaced by Schwann cell processes, whereas the morphology of the electroplaque remains unaffected. The denervated electroplaque develops some of the electrophysiological changes found with denervated muscles (increases of membrane resting resistance, decrease of electrical excitability) but does not become hypersensitive to cholinergic agonists. Autoradiography of electroplaques dissected from denervated electric organs reveals, after labeling with [3H]alpha-toxin, patches of silver grains with a surface density close to that found in the normal electroplaque. The density of alpha-toxin binding sites in extrasynaptic areas remains close to that observed on innervated cells, confirming that denervation does not cause an increase in the number of cholinergic receptor sites. The patches have the same distribution, shape,and dimensions as in subneural areas of the normal electroplaque, and remnants of nerve terminal or Schwann cells are often found at the level of the patches. They most likely correspond to subsynaptic areas which persist with the same density of [3H]alpha-toxin sites up to 52 days after denervation. In the adult synapse, therefore, the receptor protein exhibits little if any tendency for lateral diffusion. PMID- 701373 TI - In vitro fusion of Acanthamoeba phagolysosomes. II Quantitative characterization of in vitro vacuole fusion by improved electron microscope and new light microscope techniques. AB - To investigate the properties of phagolysosome (PL) fusion in Acanthamoeba homogenates, it was necessary to develop reliable methods for measuring in vitro PL fusion. The need to distinguish PL fusion from PL adhesion was met by the development of a quantitative electron microscope assay. Initial characterization of the fusion reaction by this method was followed by the development of a more rapid light microscope assay. Results obtained by the two methods were found to be in close agreement. By use of these new techniques, the in vitro PL fusion reaction was demonstrated to occur in a quantitatively reproducible manner. Under the present conditions employed, PL breakdown was not detected at any time during the in vitro incubation, while PL fusion was observed to proceed linearly for approximately 10 min, at which time the reaction ceased. Incubation of mixtures of two distinct PL types resulted in increases in hybrid PL types that were paralleled by decreases in nonhybrid PL types. The relative changes in PL concentrations observed were quantitatively consistent with PL fusion occurring randomly with respect to PL type. PL fusion was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of KF (50% inhibition at 2.7 mM), and by approximately tenfold higher concentrations of KCl, while KCN and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) had little effect. In addition to further defining the nature of the PL fusion reaction in this system, these results demonstrate that, by use of the techniques described, quantitative study of the biochemical properties of this reaction is now possible. PMID- 701374 TI - Identification of macrophage external membrane proteins and their possible role in cell adhesion. AB - Starch-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages (STpMAC) plated on plastic demonstrate the adhesive properties typical for activated pMAC: attaching as round cells and, within 15 min, spreading out with marginal membrane ruffles. These attached STpMAC were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalysed 125I surface iodination, sodium dodecyl-sulfate-lysed, and the lysates electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels which were examined by autoradiography. The STpMAC morphological phenotype correlates with the labeling of a particular protein (195,000, estimated mol wt). Normal pMAC (NpMAC), from unstimulated mice, do not spread and do not display the 195,000 band. Both pMAC band patterns, including the 195,000 band, are relatively resistant to trypsin digestion, as is pMAC adhesion itself trypsin-resistant. Neither class of pMAC exhibits fibronectin (Cell Adhesion Factor, LETS protein) which is a component in the adhesive matrix of cells forming trypsin-sensitive monolayers. When pMAC are tested against antifibronectin antibody, these cells do not give immunofluorescent staining. In summary, two functions in pMAC adhesion, enzyme resistance and the ability to spread, appear related to molecular properties distinctive for pMAC surface protein. PMID- 701375 TI - Open junctions in the endothelium of the postcapillary venules of the diaphragm. AB - We have previously established that approximately 30% of the endothelial junctions in the pericytic venules of the mouse diaphragm are open to a gap of approximately 30--60 A, and are fully permeated by hemeundecapeptide (H11P) (mol diam approximately 20 A). To estimate the size limit for molecules that can permeate these junctions, we have administered graded tracers intravenously and studied their behavior at the level of pericytic venules in bipolar microvascular fields (BMFs) in the mouse diaphragm. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (mol diam approximately 50 A) permeated only approximately 50% of the open junctions of the venular endothelium. Outflow through venular junctions appeared to be modest since the tracer remained restricted to the perivenular spaces. Hemoglobin (Hb, mol diam 64 x 55 x 50 A) permeated only a few (less than 5%), and ferritin (mol diam 110 A), practically none, of the endothelial junctions of the pericytic venules. The findings suggest that under normal conditions the size limit for permeant molecules for open venular junctions is approximately 60 A. Replicas of freeze-fracture preparations from appropriate regions in BMF showed that the intercellular junctions of the venular endothelium have the same organization as previously described for the corresponding segments of the microvasculature in the omentum and mesentery: discontinuous creases or grooves either free of or marked by few intramembrane particles only. Administration of histamine (topically or systemically) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (topically) resulted in typical focal separations of the endothelial junctions and intramural deposits of large tracer particles (carbon black) in the postcapillary venules. PMID- 701376 TI - Localization of cellular antigens in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. AB - A procedure is described for localizing antigen-antibody complexes in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels using 125I-labeled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. We use the procedure to probe antigenic cross-reactivities between Strongylocentrotus and Chlamydomonas alpha- and beta-tubulins; we also domonstrate how the procedure can detect minor antibody species in an antiserum directed against a cell membrane. PMID- 701377 TI - The corpus luteum of the guinea pig. II. Cytochemical studies on the Golgi complex, GERL, and lysosomes in luteal cells during maximal progesterone secretion. AB - This study characterizes the cytochemical properties of the Golgi complex, the structure which corresponds to Golgi complex-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosomes (GERL), and the granule population in luteal cells of guinea pigs at the time of maximum progesterone secretion, in material fixed by vascular perfusion, a method particularly suited for preserving both fine structure and enzyme activity. The distribution of several marker enzymes was determined by electron microscope cytochemistry. Acid phosphatase (ACPase) and arylsulfatase were used to identify structures containing lysosomal proteins. To resolve specific problems, additional cytochemical markers were employed: localization of thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) (in the Golgi complex) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) (a plasma membrane marker), and prolonged osmication (a generally accepted method of marking the outer cisterna of the Golgi complex). The results demonstrate that at the time of peak steroid secretion the Golgi complex in luteal cells, in marked contrast to that of most other cell types, typically displays intense ACPase activity in all of its cisternae. Similarly, all Golgi cisternae stain after prolonged osmication and may show TPPase activity. On the other hand, GERL in luteal cells of this age, unlike that in most cells, commonly shows low levels of, or lacks, ACPase activity. However, GERL resembles that of other cell types in being TPPase-negative and in being unstained by treatment with aqueous OsO4. GERL and some Golgi cisternae are reactive for ALPase. The granule population in luteal cells of this stage consists of lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, electrontransparent vacuoles, and microperoxisome-like bodies. These results form a base line with which luteolytic changes described in the companion study (Paavola, L.G. 1978. The corpus luteum of the guinea pig. III. Cytochemical studies on the Golgi complex and GERL during normal postpartum regression of luteal cells, emphasizing the origin of lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles. J. Cell. Biol. 79:59--73.) can be compared. PMID- 701379 TI - Flagellar membrane agglutination and sexual signaling in the conditional GAM-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas. AB - The temperature-sensitive gametogenesis-defective mutant, gam-1 is sex-limited, expressed only in mating type minus (mt-), and can sexually agglutinate but not fuse at the restrictive temperature (35 degrees C) with gametes of wild type (wt) mt+. Thin-section, freeze-cleave, and scanning electron microscopy reveal that the gam-1 phenotype is dependent on both the temperature at which the cells undergo nitrogen starvation (and therefore gamete formation) and the temperature at which the cells are maintained during the 12 h before mating. Under all conditions of gametogenesis at 35 degrees C, each gam-1 cell produces a normal appearing membrane-associated mating structure that fails to activate in response to flagellar agglutination. Varying with the conditions of gametogenesis, on the other hand, are the agglutination and signaling properties of the gam-1 flagella. The two mutant phenotypes displayed by gam-1 have been denoted gam-1-I and gam-1 II. An agglutination reaction involving gam-1-I cells does not result in activation of the wt mt+ mating structure. A more stable agglutination reaction, which can result in activation of the wt mt+ mating structure, is characteristic of gam-1-II cells, but because the gam-1 mt- mating sturcture still fails to activate, cell fusion is precluded. We conclude that the gam-1 mutation affects flagellar component(s) involved in establishing an effective, signal-generating agglutination reaction. PMID- 701378 TI - The corpus luteum of the guinea pig. III. Cytochemical studies on the Golgi complex and GERL during normal postpartum regression of luteal cells, emphasizing the origin of lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles. AB - The postpartum involution of corpora lutea was examined by electron microscope cytochemistry of guinea pig ovaries previously fixed by vascular perfusion, a method which produces optimal preservation of steroid-secreting cells and yet maintains enzyme activity. The intracellular digestive apparatus was identified through the localization of two acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase (ACPase) and arylsulfatase. Other marker enzymes localized were thiamine pyrophosphatase (in Golgi cisternae) and alkaline phosphatase (along plasma membranes). Prolonged osmication was used to mark the outer Golgi cisterna. The results demonstrate that luteal cell regression is characterized by a striking increase in the number of lysosomes and the appearance of numerous, double-walled autophagic vacuoles. Both lysosomes and the space between the double walls of autophagic vacuoles exhibit ACPase and arylsulfatase activity. In contrast to earlier periods, just before and during regression, Golgi complex-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosomes (GERL) is markedly hypertrophied, displaying intense acid hydrolase activity. On the basis of various criteria, GERL is proposed to function in the formation of lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles. Lysosomes seem to develop from GERL as focal protuberances of varying size and shape, which detach from the parent structure. Double-walled autophagic vacuoles, often large and complex in structure, initially are produced as GERL cisternae envelop small areas of cytoplasm. Lytic enzymes, perhaps furnished by the engulfing membranes and trapped lysosomes, presumably bring about digestion of the contents of these vacuoles, producing first aggregate-type inclusions, then, as the contents are further degraded, myelin figure-filled residual bodies. ACPase activity occasionally appears within smooth endoplasmic reticulum tubules and cisternae in advanced regression, possibly suggesting that lytic enzymes utilize this membrane system as an access route to GERL. These data indicate that cellular autophagy is a prominent mechanism underlying luteal cell involution during normal postpartum degeneration of guinea pig corpora lutea. Furthermore they suggest that in regressing luteal cells GERL is responsible for packaging acid hydrolases into lytic bodies. PMID- 701380 TI - Growth-related fluctuation in messenger RNA utilization in animal cells. AB - Monkey fibroblasts maintained in culture regulate their levels of intracellular protein throughout the growth cycle by means of variations in the rate of protein biosynthesis. Cytoplasmic mRNA in stationary phase cells was compared to that in exponential phase cells. In stationary phase cells 56% of the cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA was found in the 40--90S postpolysomal region of sucrose sedimentation gradients, while only 23% was found in this region in exponential phase cells. Analysis of electron micrographs of sectioned exponential and stationary phase cells revealed that this shift in polyadenylated RNA location is accompanied by a loss of polysome-like aggregates of ribosomes. Most if not all of this species of postpolysomal polyadenylated RNA is not being translated by single ribosomes since no detectable amounts of nascent peptide were present in this region. This nonpolysomal polyadenylated RNA is comparable in size to polysomal polyadenylated RNA. The length of the 3'-poly(A) tract was also comparable for these two species. The extent of capping of poly(A)-containing molecules was also comparable for these two species. The template activity of nonpolysomal RNA in a wheat germ extract was comparable to that of polysomal RNA. The peptides produced by these two preparations were of a similar large size. Furthermore, most of the nonpolysomal polyadenylated RNA of stationary phase cells was driven into polysomes in the presence of a low dose of cycloheximide. Therefore, we conclude that the untranslated mRNA that accumulates in stationary phase cells is structurally intact, is fully capable of being translated, and is not being translated due to the operation of a translational initiation block. PMID- 701381 TI - Fractionation of nucleosomes by salt elution from micrococcal nuclease-digested nuclei. AB - The solubilization of nucleosomes and histone H1 with increasing concentrations of NaCl has been investigated in rat liver nuclei that had been digested with micrococcal nuclease under conditions that did not substantially alter morphological properties with respect to differences in the extent of chromatin condensation. The pattern of nucleosome and H1 solubilization was gradual and noncoordinate and at least three different types of nucleosome packing interactions could be distinguished from the pattern. A class of nucleosomes containing 13--17% of the DNA and comprising the chromatin structures most available for micrococcal nuclease attack was eluted by 0.2 M NaCl. This fraction was solubilized with an acid-soluble protein of apparent molecular weight of 20,000 daltons and no histone H1. It differed from the nucleosomes released at higher NaCl concentrations in content of nonhistone chromosomal proteins. 40--60% of the nucleosomes were released by 0.3 M NaCl with 30% of the total nuclear histone H1 bound. The remaining nucleosomes and H1 were solublized by 0.4 M or 0.6 M NaCl. H1 was not nucleosome bound at these ionic strengths, and these fractions contained, respectively, 1.5 and 1.8 times more H1 per nucleosome than the population released by 0.3 M NaCl. These fractions contained the DNA least available for micrococcal nuclease attach. The strikingly different macromolecular composition, availability for nuclease digestion, and strength of the packing interactions of the nucleosomes released by 0.2 M NaCl suggest that this population is involved in a special function. PMID- 701382 TI - Rates of protein synthesis by hepatocytes isolated from rats of various ages. AB - The rate of total protein synthesis in isolated hepatocytes was determined. The incorporation of L-[3H]valine into protein is linear for at least two hours of incubation and is affected by the concentration of amino acids in the medium. Uptake of valine by hepatocytes from 1.5- and 18-month-old rats was identical and appears to occur by simple passive diffusion. Within five minutes, the specific activities of the intracellular and extracellular valine pools are equivalent. The specific activities of these pools are saturated by 1.6mM valine and remain constant for 60 minutes of incubation. The rates of protein synthesis by hepatocytes from 1- to 2-month-old rats is 96.8 pmoles of valine per minute per milligram protein. This is comparable to rates of protein synthesis reported for perfused liver and liver in vivo and is approximately 64% higher than the rate of protein synthesis by hepatocytes from 18-month-old rats. PMID- 701383 TI - Expression of transformation in cell hybrids. II. Nonsuppression of the transformed phenotype in hybrids between a chemically transformed and nontransformed derivatives of Balb/3T3. AB - Hybrid clones derived from a nitrosocarbaryl-transformed Balb/3T3 cell line, Clone H, and a nontransformed cell line THO2 resemble the transformed parent in the clone morphology, higher saturation density, colony formation in medium with reduced serum concentration, growth in agarose and ability to form clones on Balb/3T3 monolayer. Results are discussed in the framework of genetic models which permit or require dominant mutations for the expression of transformed phenotype. PMID- 701384 TI - Glucocorticoid induction of proline oxidase in LLC-RK1 cells. AB - Dexamethasone induced proline oxidase in cultured LLC-RK1 cells, an epithelial cell line derived from rabbit kidney. The dexamethasone-mediated increase in enzyme activity was concentration and time dependent. Although the effect could be dissociated from cell growth and cell density, it was dependent on protein and RNA synthesis. A comparison of the enzyme isolated from control and dexamethasone treated cells showed that the increased activity was not due to an alteration in the affinity of the enzyme for proline. These findings suggest that glucocorticoids induce the synthesis of proline oxidase in mammalian cells. PMID- 701385 TI - Responsiveness to insulin is a dominant characteristic in somatic cell hybrids. AB - The mouse melanoma cell line PG19 has been found to be unresponsive to the growth stimulatory action of insulin, although it responds well to other growth factors present in serum. Insulin stimulates DNA synthesis in mouse embryo fibroblasts, and responsiveness to insulin has been found to be a dominant characteristic in mouse fibroblast x PG19 hybrids. To examine the possibility that the unresponsiveness to insulin of the melanoma cells is attributable to a lack of insulin receptors, we have measured the binding of 125I-labeled insulin to the fibroblasts, melanoma cells, and fibroblast x melanoma hybrids. Insulin binds to the surface of the melanoma cells; however, the binding affinity appears to be lower than that observed for binding to diploid fibroblasts. In addition, the dissociation of insulin from the melanoma cells is not accelerated by excess unbound insulin, a kinetic effect observed in the dissociation of insulin from the fibroblasts and fibroblast x melanoma hybrids. This suggests that the class of insulin receptors characterized by this effect is absent on the PG19 cells, and present on the fibroblasts and fibroblast x PG19 hybrids. PMID- 701386 TI - Cell cycle dependence of the reactivation of chick erythrocyte nuclei after transplantation into mouse L929 cell cytoplasts. PMID- 701387 TI - Differential effects of hydrocortisone on both growth and collagen metabolism of human fibroblasts from normal and keloid tissue. AB - Cultured fibroblasts isolated from normal and keloid tissue do not differ in their growth characteristics or in the rate of collagen synthesis under routine culture conditions. The addition of hydrocortisone to the culture media results in significant differences in both growth and collagen synthesis between these cell types. Collagen synthesis is inhibited 60% in normal cultures by hydrocortisone (0,5 micrograms/ml) and the population size at which density dependent growth inhibition is achieved is increased. Keloid-derived fibroblasts grow to a lower maximum density in the presence of hydrocortisone, while their rate of collagen synthesis is not significantly reduced. The rate of non-collagen protein synthesis is increased significantly by hydrocortisone in both cell types. Comparison of normal and keloid-derived cultures obtained from a single individual suggests that the keloid phenotype with respect to both growth and collagen synthesis is restricted to the fibroblasts isolated from the keloid nodule. PMID- 701388 TI - Inhibition of sugar uptake in adenosine-treated 3T3 cells. AB - Addition of 5 to 250 micromolar adenosine to the culture medium resulted in a 30 80% inhibition of the rate of uptake of 2-deoxyglucose or 3-0-methylglucose by sparse or confluent 3T3 cells within three hours. The inhibition of deoxyglucose uptake could be reversed partially by changing the cells to medium without adenosine for two hours and could be prevented completely by the addition of persantin, an inhibitor of nucleoside uptake. The adenosine effect is not due to inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis, since it is not prevented by uridine. It is not seen in 3T6 cells lacking adenosine kinase. The inhibition could be observed on confluent cells whose deoxyglucose uptake was stimulated by insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), calf serum or calcium phosphate. Although the percentage stimulation over control by these factors varied, the percentage inhibition by addition of adenosine of the stimulated rates, as well as the unstimulated rate, was relatively constant. EGF, insulin and calcium phosphate caused little or no stimulation of deoxyglucose uptake by sparse cells, whether adenosine treated or untreated. The results suggest that adenosine acts intracellularly after phosphorylation to regulate sugar uptake through a mechanism which is independent of the regulation by hormones and cell density. PMID- 701389 TI - Uridine transport and phosphorylation in mouse cells in culture: effect of growth promoting factors, cell cycle transit and oncogenic transformation. AB - The rapid increase in uridine uptake produced by the addition of serum to quiescent cultures of fibroblasts is primarily caused by an enhanced rate of nucleoside phosphorylation. While quiescent and serum-stimulated cells display identical initial rates of transport, they show a considerable change in the composition of the acid-soluble pools labelled with [3H] uridine for five seconds. The radioactivity recovered in the phosphorylated pools increases 2-, 3 , 4- and 6-fold after addition of serum to cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells, tertiary mouse embryo fibroblasts, Swiss 3T6 and Balb 3T3, cells respectively. Furthermore, insulin, a growth factor isolated from medium conditioned by SV40 BHK cells (FDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) also stimulate uridine phosphorylation within minutes. The initial rate of uridine uptake is 2- to 3 fold faster in rapidly growing normal and Simian virus 40 or polyoma virus transformed 3T3 cells as compared to untransformed 3T3 cells in the quiescent state. When quiescent cultures of 3T3 or mouse embryo cells are stimulated to leave G1 and enter into DNA synthesis, transport increases several hours after addition of serum and apparently coincides with the S phase of the cell cycle. The results demonstrate that an increase in uridine phosphorylation is a rapid metabolic response elicited by growth-promoting agents in a variety of cell types and that uridine transport and phosphorylation are independently regulated. PMID- 701390 TI - Sequential changes in ribosomal activity during the activation and cessation of growth in lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A. PMID- 701391 TI - The cell cycle during the vegetative stage of Dictyostelium discoideum and its response to temperature change. AB - The cell cycle in amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum has been analysed in cells growing asynchronously in axenic medium. For cells growing at the optimum growth temperature of 22 degrees C with a culture doubling time of 8 h the average times for the cell cycle phases are as follows: G1, 1.5 h; S, 2.1 h; G2, 4.4 h; M, 15.2 min. When amoebae are grown at temperatures below 22 degrees C, culture doubling time increases and the cell cycle phases are altered in ways characteristic for each phase. G2 is the most variable period and may occupy up to 70% of the total cell cycle time; S and G1 are the least affected, increasing by only 20% when the cell generation time is doubled. When cells which have reached the stationary phase of growth in liquid medium are washed and reinoculated into fresh medium they divide synchronously after a lag period of 5 h. By following cell number increase and nuclear DNA synthesis in these cultures we have shown that stationary phase cells are arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Finally, although more than 97% of amoebae grown on a bacterial food source are uninucleate, when grown axenically up to 35% of the cell population may become multinucleate. Our results suggest that these cells probably arise through the failure of cytokinesis to follow karyokinesis. Multinucleate cells appear to have a slightly longer G2 period than mononucleate cells. PMID- 701392 TI - The osmotic properties of the acrosome of guinea-pig sperm. AB - The osmotic behaviour of the acrosome in intact guinea-pig sperm has been examined by light and electron microscopy. Because the acrosome is retained within the cell, it can only experience the changes in tonicity of the cytoplasm and these have first to be related to the changes in tonicity in the external medium. Nevertheless, a qualitative description of the osmotic properties of the acrosome can be obtained. The evidence suggests that the acrosomal contents are normally close to their limit of compression. It has been proposed that a hydrostatic pressure is exerted inwards on the acrosomal membrane and that this is responsible for the maintenance of acrosomal shape. Swelling of the acrosome when sperm are suspended in hypotonic medium suggests that the acrosomal membrane does not have an abnormally low water permeability. Two-thirds of the acrosomal volume are occupied by a single matrix which undergoes cavitation in the course of the acrosome reaction. It also undergoes cavitation when guinea-pig sperm are suspended in calcium-free medium containing the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. This suggests that cavitation is caused by the loss of integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes. A mechanism for cavitation is proposed in which a colloid osmotic pressure within the acrosomal matrix is allowed expression when the crystalloids of the external medium pass into it, this internal colloid osmotic pressure forcing the matrix apart to produce a cavity. PMID- 701393 TI - Chromatin influence on the function and formation of the nuclear envelope shown by laser-induced psoralen photoreaction. AB - Potorous tridactylis (PTK2) cells growing in culture were treated with psoralen derivatives and dividing cells were located by phase-contrast microscopy. Psoralens, light-sensitive DNA-photoadducting drugs, were reacted with mitotic chromosomes through exposure to 365-nm light from an argon laser microbeam system. It was found that following mitosis and photoreaction, cells without nuclear envelopes were produced when psoralen-treated cells received 60 light pulses over their entire chromosome complement. These 'non-nuclear membrane' cells were found to incorporate [3H]uridine and, to a lesser extent, [3H]thymidine by autoradiography. Reduction of the light exposure by half (30 near-u.v. pulses) over the entire chromosome complement in the presence of psoralen also produced non-nuclear-membrane cells as seen by light microscopy. Further examination of these cells (30 light pulses) by single-cell electron microscopy revealed that unlike the high light exposure (60 near-u.v. pulses), the low light dosage resulted in cells with membrane patches associated with their chromatin. Since neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide impeded nuclear envelope reformation, the psoralen-DNA reaction is concluded to produce non nuclear-membrane cells by a mechanism other than transcription or translation inhibition. The association of Golgi with areas of nuclear membrane patches gives indirect evidence of a possible Golgi contribution to the reformation of the nuclear envelope after mitosis. It is concluded that DNA plays a role in envelope reformation. PMID- 701394 TI - Genetic analysis of developmental mechanisms in hydra. V. Cell lineage and development of chimera hydra. AB - Chimeric hydra were produced by making use of a strain (nf-1) which lacks interstitial cells, nerve cells and nematocytes. This strain arises by spontaneous loss of interstitial cells from its parental strain (sf-1) (Sugiyama & Fujisawa, 1978). Reintroduction of interstitial cells from other strains into nf-1 leads to the creation of chimeric strains that consisted of epithelial cells derived from strain sf-1 and interstitial cells and their derivatives (nerves and nematocytes) from other strains. In chimeras, interstitial or epithelial cells apparently maintain very stable cell lineages; no indication was obtained that suggested interstitial cell differentiation into epithelial cells or dedifferentiation in the opposite direction during the long courses of chimera cultures (up to one year). Developmental characters of chimeras were examined and compared to those of the epithelial cell (sf-1) and the interstitial cell donors. Almost all of the chimera's characters examined (growth rate, budding rate, tentacle numbers, polyp size, regenerative capacity, etc.) closely resembled those of the epithelial cell donor, but not of the interstitial cell donors. This suggests that epithelial cells, rather than interstitial or nerve cells, are the primary determinant of most, if not all, of hydra developmental characters. PMID- 701395 TI - Developmental roles of epithelial and interstitial cell lineages in hydra: analysis of chimeras. AB - Chimeric hydra were prepared by recombining epithelial and interstitial cells between 3 strains of hydra of different sizes (maxi, normal, and mini strains). The resulting chimeras generally resembled the epithelial cell parent more than the interstitial cell parent in size, budding rate, tentacle number, and form. This suggests that epithelial cells normally exert considerable influence over hydra morphogenesis. However, the chimeras show some differences ascribable to interstitial cell origin. Furthermore, the 3 original strains, when deprived of interstitial cells, lose their distinguishing size differences. Thus both epithelial and interstitial cells (or interstitial cell derivatives) mutually participate in hydra's development. PMID- 701396 TI - The ultrastructure of non-membranous nuclear ghosts. AB - Non-membranous HeLa cell nuclear ghosts, representing non-membranous nuclear envelope or 'skeletal' components, have been examined in whole-mount fashion by transmission electron microscopy. Major components of the ghosts include annuli with inner and outer diameters of 43 and 90 nm, respectively, which are consistent in dimensions with nuclear pore complexes. Also present are rod-like images (260 nm in length and 50 nm in width or diameter) representing either previously unobserved nuclear structures, or condensations of repeating functional units not otherwise observable. The annular and rod-like images were also observed when various steps in the ghost isolation procedure, such as the use of detergents, 0.5 M MgCl2 and polylysine attachment of the ghosts to electron-microscope grids, were circumvented. The annular and rod-like images are connected into linear and polygonal arrays by strands (15-30 nm in width) that are sensitive to DNase I and DNase II but resistant to nuclease S1. Thus, although the non-membranous ghosts from HeLa cells are composed primarily of protein, enzymic dissection indicates that their gross integrity is markedly dependent on double-stranded DNA. Nuclear ghosts prepared from a wide range of species including mammals, birds and plants, exhibited essentially the same components and organization. PMID- 701397 TI - Developmental stages in the formation of inverted gap junctions during turnover in the adult horseshoe crab, Limulus. AB - Stages leading to the formation of inverted gap junctions between certain basal replacement or interstitial cells in the mid-gut of adult Limulus can be followed by freeze-fracturing. Free, 13-nm EF intramembranous particles first appear to be organized into short linear arrays or small clusters of particles, which then become transformed into anastomosing particulate networks covering a considerable surface area. These subsequently become concentrated into smaller, more nearly circular, macular plaques of EF particles or PF pits. These EF particles, both when free or assembled into macular arrays, possess a central channel or pore. Numerous formed gap junctions are present in Limulus mid-gut, which suggests that cell-to-cell communication is an important feature of the mature tissue. The results show that arthropod tissues can be used to study the development of gap junctions not only in differentiating systems but also in adult tissues during normal cell turnover. PMID- 701398 TI - Development of intercellular junctions in the pulmonary epithelium of the foetal lamb. AB - The integrity of epithelial tight junctions in foetal mammalian lungs is essential to maintain the unique ionic composition of lung liquid, and to prevent leakage of serum proteins into peripheral air spaces. In the present study the development of intercellular junctions of the lining epithelium of foetal lamb lungs during gestation was examined by light and electron microscopy. Both thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas were examined by electron microscopy. By 39 days of gestation, epithelial tight junctions consist of a minimum of 3.1 +/- 1.6 (s.D.) and a maximum of 5.8 +/- 2.0 discontinuous rows of particles and short segments of strands on P face ridges and in complementary E face grooves, while from 58 to 76 days they are composed of a network of 4.3 +/- 1.6 to 7.7 +/- 1.9 focally interrupted P face strands. Complementary replicas show that many of the discontinuities on the P face are due to separation of junctional particles on to the E face during fracturing, and not to an absence of junctional particles. From 76 days to term, epithelial tight junctions (exclusive of upper airway epithelium which was not examined) resemble those of adult lungs, and consist of a continuous network of 4.5 +/- 2.0 to 7.5 +/- 2.5 P face strands and complementary particle-free grooves. Permeability measurements, published elsewhere, indicate that the epithelium is functionally 'tight' from 69 days onwards. Tight junctions in peripheral air-space epithelium, therefore, are structurally continuous and functionally 'tight' early in foetal lung development, and form seals at one end of long, narrow intercellular spaces; these features may be important for coupled ion and water transport. When the bounding epithelial cells become flattened, these narrow intercellular spaces remain intact as a result of complex interdigitations of adjacent cell membranes. Desmosomes were present throughout gestation near the abluminal side of the tight junctions and occasionally near the base of the intercellular space. These junctions may serve to connect cells to each other at a time when tight junctions may be mechanically weak. In addition, gap junctions are associated with tight junctions from the glandular through the canalicular stages of lung development. They disappear by 120 days when the epithelial cells are differentiated. PMID- 701399 TI - Cell wall differentiation and stages involved with intercellular gas space opening. AB - The development of the intercellular gas system has been followed during the growth of Pisum sativum root and Phaseolus aureus hypocotyl by means of ultrastructural cytochemistry. The extension of the system is sequential and takes place according to a defined programme of cell wall reconstruction. Contrary to current views, the actual pectic middle lamella does not seem to be directly engaged in the initiation of the aerating system, which conversely appears subordinate to the presence of specialized substructures within the wall. The process is characterized by the early differentiation of a particular layer of wall called the 'splitting layer'. The splitting layer differs from the pectic middle lamella particularly in its insolubility in an incubating medium which removes the wall subunits (EDTA, DMSO, pectinases, cellulases) and its non reactivity to polysaccharide test involving periodic oxidation (PATAg staining). With ultracryotomy, it displays a distinctive beta-glycerophosphatase activity. The layer gradually splits apart from lateral sites in a manner which somewhat evokes the opening of a zip fastener. The primordial opening, and later the intercellular space, keeps a thin (10-20 nm) extramural coat which is apparently non-glucidic and derives from the splitting layer. Ultimately, local shifts and resorptions of the wall lead to fusion of the early intercellular channels. One of the peculiarities of the opening of the air-space is that because of the mechanism involved the polysaccharides of the wall are not left naked. The processes observed are compared with other cases of cell wall separation. PMID- 701400 TI - The role of Golgi bodies in polysaccharide sulphation in Fucuszygotes. AB - The cell wall of 24-h zygotes of Fucus serratus is composed of 3 layers--an inner fibrillar layer (sulphated fucan), an outer fibrillar layer (alginic aicd/cellulose) and an exterior amorphous layer (sulphated fucan, alginic acid). The 2 layers containing sulphated fucan are preferentially thickened at the rhizoid pole. Light- and electron-microscope autoradiographic pulse-chase experiments on 22-h zygotes using 35SO2-(4) show the Golgi bodies to be the sites of fucan sulphation. The isolation and characterization of isolated Golgi-rich fractions from 22-h zygotes shows that the first detectable labelled macromolecule is associated with these fractions 2 min after addition of 35SO2 (4). The sulphate acceptor molecule has been partially characterized. 35S-APS and 35S-paps are detectable in the soluble fraction 0.5 min after addition of 35SO2 (4). The results are discussed in relation to other published work on the differentiation of Fucus embryos and on polysaccharide sulphation. PMID- 701401 TI - Structural differences contrast higher plant and animal Golgi apparatus. AB - The intercisternal spacings between cisternae of dictyosomes of higher plants differ from those of mammalian dictyosomes. In plants, the spacings increase from an average of about 8.0 nm at the forming face to about 14.0 nm at the maturing face. The increase in spacing coincides with the appearance within the intercisternal space of parallel filaments called intercisternal elements. In mammals, the intercisternal spacings are more nearly constant, and intercisternal elements have not been observed. Plant and animal dictyosomes may differ as well in the relative widths of the cisternal lumina, the widths of the intercisternal spacings, and in more subtle ways involving the appearance of the membranes. These structural differences may be indicative of some functional differences that contrast higher plant and animal Golgi apparatus. PMID- 701402 TI - The effects of surfactants on cell aggregation. AB - Trypsin-dissociated HeLa and human amnion cells were employed to investigate the effects of an anionic, a cationic, and a non-ionic surfactant on cell reaggregation. All the surfactants inhibited the reaggregation process, the effect increasing with surfactant concentration, and becoming significant at concentrations of about 10(-6) M for the anionic surfactant and about 10(-5) M for the others. The effects of temperature and ionic strength on HeLa cell aggregation, and of surfactants on the electrophoretic mobility of HeLa cells and the release of sialic acid from their surfaces by neuraminidase, were also examined. The results indicate that although electrostatic effects occur and are likely to be of importance in cell reaggregation, the effect of surfactants cannot be accounted for on this basis alone, and it is suggested that interactions involving the cell-surface glycoproteins, possibly indirectly via effects on the fluidity of the cell membrane, are also significant in this respect. PMID- 701403 TI - Invasive locomotory behaviour between malignant human melanoma cells and normal fibroblasts filmed in vitro. AB - Explants of human malignant melanoma (MM96), normal adult human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and embryonic chick ventricle were confronted in pairs. The 2 outwandering populations in each confrontation eventually met in a situation where each could potentially invade the other. The human explants were artificially prepared from dissociated cells. The primary objective of the study was to compare the relative invasive capacities of the malignant and nonmalignant human cell populations against a standard population of chick heart fibroblasts (CHF). Relative invasiveness was also compared for (a) malignant human melanoma cells against human and avian fibroblasts; (b) the 2 different fibroblast populations against MM96; and (c) the 2 fibroblast populations against each other. Time-lapse films were prepared for each confrontation. Each cell population was also filmed in a free or unconfronted state. The films were analysed in terms of (a) cell speeds in relation to numbers of contacts; (b) the net radial outward velocity; (c) directional frequencies of movements; and (d) cell behavior resulting from heterologous collisions. Replicate cultures were fixed and stained 24--40 h after junction. Measurements from these indicated relative distances travelled by each population towards the opposing population and towards free space. Nuclear overlap and population density measurements were also recorded. MM96 cells invaded the standard chick fibroblast population but eventually encountered moderate obstruction. Invasion was mainly by oriented movement between successive pairs of chick cells. Contact paralysis of ruffling of MM96 was not seen. Human fibroblasts did not invade the CHF population. They were contact inhibited by chick cells and typically reversed their direction of movement. MM96 cells invaded the human fibroblast population without obstruction. They were not usually inhibited by HSF and several different pathways for locomotory invasion, including overlapping, were involved. Cells of both fibroblast populations were contact inhibited by leading-edge collisions with MM96 cells. Fibroblast invasion of MM96 was by underlapping of orthogonally oriented, bipolar melanocytes or dendritic processes. Human fibroblasts were less obstructed than chick fibroblasts during invasion of MM96. Initiation of invasion of HSF by chick cells was apparently orientation dependent. Invasion by CHF was assisted by the alignment, morphology and contact-mediated withdrawal of the human cells. Heterologous contact inhibition was not apparently defective for either cell type. In all confrontations involving both malignant and non-malignant cells, the extent and pattern of invasion could be related to apparent deficiencies in heterologous contact inhibition of locomotion. PMID- 701404 TI - Selecting somatic cell hybrids with hat media and nystatin methyl ester. AB - The structurally modified polyene antibiotic nystatin methyl ester (NME) has been utilized as a half-selection agent for isolating interspecific mouse--Syrian hamster hybrids. By using HAT media supplmented with NME we have isolated hybrid clones from polyethylene glycol-fused cultures of biochemically defective mouse (A9 or B82) and genetically normal Syrian hamster (KHK/C13) cells. Unfused parental cells were killed in HAT-NME media as a result of their genetic defect, absence of hypoxanthine guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase-HGPRT-(A9) or thymidine kinase--TK-(B82), or innate sensitivity to NME (BHK/C13). In contrast, hybrid cells proliferated and clones were isolated after 3 weeks growth in HAT NME media, indicating the genetic complementation had occurred and polyene resistance was expressed as a dominant phenotypic property in the hybrids. The presently described technique is efficient in eliminating unfused parental cells and should prove useful in isolating other types of hybrids formed between genetically defective and normal parental cells. PMID- 701405 TI - A scanning electron-microscopic study of the local degeneration of cilia during sexual reproduction in Paramecium. AB - The location and extent of local degeneration of cilia during sexual reproduction of Paramecium was studied using scanning electron microscopy to examine cells undergoing conjugation and autogamy. At some time during the mating reaction, but prior to conjugant pair formation, ciliary degeneration begins at the antero ventral tip of cells and proceeds posteriorly along the suture. In the anterior part of the cell, degeneration occurs on both sides of the suture, but in the posterior part it is restricted to the right side of the suture. In 5 species of Paramecium examined, degeneration occurred in nearly the same region. No degeneration of cilia is observed in natural autogamy of P. tetraurelia, whereas in chemically induced autogamy of P. caudatum degeneration occurs as in ordinary conjugation. Conjugant pairs never expose any deciliated cell surface except at the postero-ventral tip. The maximum extent of ciliary degeneration is best seen in the chemically induced autogamous cells: 7 kinetics (rows of unit teritories) at the anterior-left, 4 kinetics at the anterior-right, 10 or more kinetics at the posterior-right and the right wall of the vestibule of the mouth. Before complete disappearance of the cilia, many short cilia are observed. This suggests that ciliary degeneration is due to resorption. Degeneration extends more rapidly in cells with stronger mating reactivity. The relations between mating reactivity, ciliary degeneration and nuclear activation are discussed. PMID- 701407 TI - Microtubules in protozoan cells. III. Ultrastructural changes during disintegration and reformation of heliozoan microtubules. AB - In the heliozoan, Echinosphaerium nucleofilum strain MA, cold temperature (2 degrees C) induced axopodial retraction to about 36% of the initial length after 3 h. By electron microscopy, it was found that such axopodial shortening is accompanied by degradation of axonemal microtubules (25 nm in diameter), followed by the appearance of macrotubles (37 nm in diameter) and filamentous structures (14 nm in diameter) of a tubular and twisted appearance. All of these structures (microtubules, macrotubules and filamentous structures) were found to be depolymerized completely by applying 10 mM colchicine for 1-2 h, and to be replaced by regions with low electron density. Axopodial re-extension was induced rapidly by returning the cold-treated organisms to room temperature (20 degrees C). At a very early stage of axopodial re-extension, the filamentous structures were often observed to be continuous with the macrotubules. At a late stage of axopodial re-extension, the reforming axoneme was composed only of normal microtubules, while the macrotubules and filamentous structures had disappeared. On the basis of these results, the processes of disintegration and reformation of microtubules are discussed. PMID- 701406 TI - Adenosinetriphosphate, calcium and temperature requirements for the final steps of exocytosis in Paramecium cells. AB - In Paramecium cells a synchronized discharge of trichocysts (which involves only the final exocytosis steps of membrane fusion, content discharge and membrane resealing) was achieved with ATPase-blockers, Ca2+-ionophores, lipid solvents (including lysolecithin), polyethyleneglycol, anaesthetics (Dibucain) and cationic detergents (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Only Dibucain--and to some extent cationic detergents--can trigger exocytosis independently of extracellular Ca2+, possibly by mobilizing intracellular Ca2+. The internal free [Ca2+] necessary for exocytosis can be estimated to be greater than 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. Membrane-free trichocyst contents were isolated by density gradient centrifugation; they are converted from the contracted to the expanded state by Dibucain, CTMAB and CPC, and also by exogenous ATPase (Apyrase). Thus, it is possible to de-couple the discharge (stretching) process from membrane-related phenomena. Since only the latter are inhibited by low temperature (0 degrees C), membrane lipids probably have to be in a fluid state for exocytosis to occur. At least 2 steps appear to be involved: when membrane fusion is initiated, an independent matrix-bound system is activated for the synchronized stretching process. The energy requirement for one discharge event is estimated to be about 14 X 10(6) ATP molecules. PMID- 701408 TI - Macrotubules induced by halothane: in vitro assembly. AB - The formation of macrotubules by the volatile anaesthetic halothane was investigated in vitro using microtubule-enriched fractions of crayfish nerve cords. Sequential studies showed that macrotubules assemble from helical ribbons of 18-20 laterally associated microtubule protofilaments which fold upon themselves to form intact macrotubules averaging 48 nm in diameter. The initial rate of macrotubule assembly is dependent on the concentration of halothane employed and is stimulated by calcium. Glycerol pretreatment blocked macrotubule formation by halothane and caused preformed macrotubules to reassemble rapidly into typical microtubules. These experiments show that microtubules and macrotubules require different conditions for assembly and support the contention that macrotubule formation by halothane is due to a direct interaction between the anaesthetic molecule and the microtubule subunit. PMID- 701410 TI - [Four original cases of splenic venous infarction during pancreatic disease (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 4 cases of splenic complications occurring during chronic pancreatic disease and emphasize the vascular origin of the lesions observed in the spleen whether rupture, pseudo-cysts, hematic cysts, infarction or necrosis. The symptoms in each case seemed identical in their pathogenesis and linked to trunkular or radicular splenic venous thrombosis. PMID- 701409 TI - [Axillary-femoral by passes. Technic. Complications. Results (92 patients) (author's transl)]. AB - Between January 1970 and October 1977, 95 operations of revascularisation of 124 lower limbs were carried out using the axillary artery in 92 patients. 84 patients had very severe ischemia, acute or chronic, which threatened the survival of the limb. In all, direct surgery was too dangerous (77 cases) or impossible owing to local or regional problems (7 cases). The results gave a mortality during the first two months of 13% in which infective complications of the technic accounted for 3.5%. The latter were frequent (12%) but a certain number of them could have been prevented (6%). 55 patients (65%) had a good result at two months (weight-bearing conserved) whilst 20%, i.e. 18 patients were amputated, of which five had a permeable by pass which permitted conservation of the knee. We observed the highest percentage of deaths (3/8 i.e. 37%) in bilateral emergency revascularisations for acute ischemia. We observed a very low percentage of early thrombosis (4%) in axillary bifemoral by pass performed for chronic ischemia. The operation is of great value when no other direct surgical technic is possible and only in these cases. 8 patients underwent an axillary by pass to treat infective complications of aorto-iliac surgery. 4 early deaths showed the severity of this complication (50%). Tactical aspects are discussed briefly. PMID- 701411 TI - [Bony tumors of the thoracic wall. Report of 35 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 35 cases of bony tumours of the thoracic wall and emphasize:- the necessity of wide removal even in the case of benign tumours to avoid possible relapses;--the use of rigid material which in the case of anterior parietal breaches, is alone able to give satisfactory solidity to the thoracic wall which is essential to ensure satisfactory respiratory mechanics;--the interest of surgery whether or not associated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. PMID- 701412 TI - [Mounted loops in digestive surgery. Experimental study of the functional result in mounted loops after 3 months (author's transl)]. PMID- 701413 TI - [Oddi's tumors (Vater's ampulomas)]. PMID- 701414 TI - [Calcaneus fractures]. PMID- 701415 TI - Features of infant sounds: the emergence of cooing. PMID- 701416 TI - Games, social exchange and the acquisition of language. PMID- 701417 TI - Noun-pronoun pleonasms: the role of age and situation. PMID- 701418 TI - Gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric analysis of optically active metabolites and drugs on a novel chiral stationary phase. AB - Chirasil-Val, a novel chiral polysiloxane-type stationary phase is capable of separating the enantiomers of optically active drugs and metabolites of several compound classes; alpha-amino acides, alpha-amino alcohols, glycols, aromatic and aliphatic alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acids and amines. Due to their high thermal stability, columns coated with Chirasil-Val may be coupled to a mass spectrometer. Potential applications of the new stationary phase include analysis of the optical purity of enantiomeric drugs, determination of the configuration of metabolites, and quantitation of optically active drugs and metabolites using the unnatural enantiometer as internal standard. Direct separation of enantimoers on Chirasil-Val is especially useful if only minute amounts of the optically active compounds are availalbe for analysis. PMID- 701419 TI - New tyrosine metabolites in humans: hawkinsin and cis- and trans-4 hydroxycyclohexylacetic acids. Unusual adsorption of deuterated and non deuterated hawkinsin during gas chromatography. AB - In a new inborn error of metabolism, where obviously a defect of 4 hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) exists, hawkinsin [(2-cystein-S yl-1,4-dihydroxycyclohex-5-en-1-yl) acetic acid] and cis- and trans hydroxycyclohexylacetic acids were found in the urine. A partially reversible adsorption of deuterated and non-deuterated hawkinsin (as the penta trimethylsilyl derivative) in gas chromatography--mass spectrometry has inhibited a mass fragmentographic quantitation of this compound to date. However, quantitation seems to be possible using mass framentography of 1,4 dihydroxycyclohexylacetic acid, formed by desulfuration of the sample with active nickel. PMID- 701420 TI - Quantitative analysis of beta-phenylpyruvic acid by single ion monitoring. Evaluation of isomeric internal standards. AB - Quantitative single ion monitoring of beta-phenylpyruvic acid at high sensitivity is possible after derivatization first with omicron-phenylenediamine and then with a silylating reagent. The resulting o-trimethyl-silyl-quinoxalinol (O-TMS-Q) has previously been shown to be highly stable during storage and on chromatography. As an internal standard the isomeric omicron methylphenylglyoxylic (omicron-toluylformic) acid is introduced. The mass spectra of both O-TMS-Q's are characterized by abundant [M]+. at m/e 308. The concept of "class specific metabolic profiling" is discussed in relation to quantitative gas chromatography--mass spectrometry detection of aliphatic and aromatic alpha ketoacids. PMID- 701421 TI - Quantitation of adrenaline and noradrenaline from human plasma by combined gas chromatography--high-resolution mass fragmentography. AB - A gas chromatographic--high-resolution mass fragmentographic method for the simultaneous determination of adrenaline and noradrenaline from human plasma is presented. The catecholamines are separted by adsorption on alumina and converted by a selective, two-step procedure to the corresponding N-trifluoroacetyl-N trimethylsilyl derivatives. The benzylic fragment C16H31O3Si3 (m/e 355.1568) of these derivatives is detected at a mass spectrometric resolving power of 5000. This high resolution detection was necessary to differentiate this fragment from others with the same nominal mass of 355 originating from the biological matrix and/or the bleeding from column and septum. PMID- 701422 TI - Quantitative analysis of prazepam and its metabolites by electron capture gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring. Application to diaplacetal passage and fetal hepatic metabolism in early human pregnancy. AB - Methods have been developed for the determination of the benzodiazepine tranquilizer prazepam and its metabolites desmethyl diazepam, 3-hydroxy-prazepam and oxazepam by electron capture gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring with diazepam as the internal standard. The benzodiazepines were isolated from blood serum or homogenized tissue samples, either by extraction with ethyl acetate or on small Extrelut columns packed with porous silica. The concentrated extracts were directly injected into the gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Following trimethylsilylation, analysis on a gas chromatography--mass spectrometry--computer system operated in the selected ion monitoring mode was performed. Using 50--200 mg (microliter) biological material, concentrations of prazepam and metabolites of 5 ng/g(ml) could be determined with signal-to-noise ratios of greater than 10. Using 1 g(ml) samples, the same signal to-noise ratios were obtained with 1 ng/g(ml) concentrations. The methods developed were applied to the analysis of the diaplacental transfer of prazepam and desmethyl diazepam in early human pregnancy. Furthermore, prazepam metabolism in human fetal liver and cell cultures was studied. PMID- 701423 TI - Automated quantitative gas--liquid chromatography of intact lipids. I. Preparation and calibration of the column. AB - A method for quantitative gas chromatographic determination of plasma lipids (free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and triglycerides) in the low concentration range is described. This method permits a determination of not only the lipid classes mentioned above, but also their fractions according to molecular weight, down to 10 ng, without previous derivatization. Special attention was devoted to the preparation of columns with high efficiency and minimal losses of the test substances. The best results were obtained with a glass column 0.5 m x 2.0 mm I.D., packed with 1% OV-1 on Gas-Chrom Q (100--120 mesh). The processing of results is fully automated, using an MDS-2400 computer and includes the calculation of a non-linear calibration plot for each substance analyzed, accuracy control of the measured values, tabulation of the fwr values and the calculation for analyses of biological samples. For the calibration, the pure substances were used at 15 concentrations within a range of 10--1000 ng. The coefficient of variation calculated from 20 duplicate measurements of the calibration mixture did not exceed 5% for any component in the interval from 10 to 100 ng or 3% within range from 100 to 1000 ng. PMID- 701424 TI - Isolation of immunoreactive components from experimental and human tumour tissues and serums by high-performance gel chromatography. AB - A method for the rapid separation of proteinous fractions by high-performance gel chromatography was described. Homogenates from tumorous and healthy tissues and blood were eluted by saline on a column packed with rigid hydrophilic macroporous particles of O-glucose--Spheron 300. Fractions were collected and subjected to further analyses. Their antigenic activity was determined by the leucocyte adherence inhibition test method. For the specific immunoactive fractions a dependence of leucocyte adherence inhibition test values on the clinical state of sample donators has been found. PMID- 701425 TI - [Deterimination of aldosterone in urine and plasma (author's transl)]. AB - The method described permits an exact and rapid determination of aldosterone in urine and plasma. The reliability of the method is based on the separation of aldosterone from contaminating steroids by thin-layer chromatography. The mobile phase used was: cyclohexane--ethyl acetate (20:80). The steroids were extracted by dichloromethane. Plasma was extracted directly, and urine after hydrolysis with sulfuric acid (pH = 1). Recovery before radioimmunological analysis of aldosterone was 54.8 +/- 7.2 (S.D.)%(N = 40) for urine samples, and 39.1 +/- 4.4% (n = 60) for plasma samples. The coefficient of variation for multiple determinations of aldosterone was for urine 8.2% for low (n = 10) and 7.8% (n = 10). The sensitivity of the determination of aldosterone was for urine 0.04 microgram per 24-h volume (n = 10) and for plasma 4.4 ng per 100 ml (n = 10). The method avoids pitfalls due to the cross-reaction of anti-aldosterone serum with other materials. PMID- 701426 TI - Determination of cytosine arabinoside in human plasma by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-sensitive detector and by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. AB - A method for the determination of cytosine arabinoside in the plasma of leukemic patients being treated with this drug is described using either gas--liquid chromatography with a nitrogen-sensitive flame ionization detector or gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To increase volatility, a double derivative of cytosine arabinoside was used, prepared by acetylation and subsequent methylation. Cytidine was used as internal standard for the GC procedure. GC--MS was performed with either cytidine as internal standard and detection by single-ion monitoring or by the use of [2H3] acetate-methyl derivative of cytosine arabinoside as internal standard and subsequent multiple ion monitoring. Attempted extraction of cytosine arabinoside from plasma with various organic solvents was unsuccessful, but protein precipitation with ethanol or trichloroacetic acid followed by washing of the aqueous residue with organic solvents to remove as many of the interfering substances as possible gave satisfactory results. The minimum detectable quantity of pure cytosine arabinoside was similar for both techniques (approximately 500 pg). However, with GC using a nitrogen-sensitive detector, the lower limit of detection from plasma was found to be approximately 40--70 ng per ml plasma whilst GC--MS showed greater analytical selectivity with a detection limit in some cases as low as 1 ng per ml plasma. PMID- 701427 TI - Routine direct injection gas--liquid chromatographic procedure for the analysis of volatile halogenated anaesthetics in whole blood using a new external injection port. AB - This communication describes the design and construction of a new external injection port for the direct gas--liquid chromatographic analysis of volatile compounds in whole blood. Aliquots (4--40 microliter) of EDTA anti-coagulated blood containing the volatile compound and a weighed quantity of the internal standard, isobutanol, were injected into the disposable glass wool filter of the carrier gas stream directly onto the chromatographic column. Typical data are presented from chromatography performed with dual 6 ft. x 2 mm I.D. glass columns containing Chromosorb 101 programmed from 110--180 degrees at 6 degrees/min and the external injection port maintained at 180 degrees. The method eliminated the problems usually associated with direct injection methods and permitted the accurate analysis of halothane, methoxyflurane, diethyl ether and ethanol over the approximate range 1--100 mg%. Using this analytical procedure the distribution of halothane between the cells and plasma of human blood at 4 degrees was found to be 2.0 +/- 0.2. PMID- 701428 TI - Quantitative analysis of human and rabbit tear cholesterol by gas--liquid chromatography. PMID- 701429 TI - Gas chromatographic head-space analysis of clinically interesting ketone bodies. PMID- 701430 TI - Convenient system for the simultaneous separation of 11-deoxycortisol and aldosterone by Sephadex LH-20 multiple column chromatography. PMID- 701431 TI - Rapid gas chromatographic analysis of plasma levels of ketamine and major metabolites employing either nitrogen selective or mass spectroscopic detection. PMID- 701432 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of cimetidine sulphoxide in human blood and urine. PMID- 701433 TI - Rapid quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, diphenylhydantoin, mephenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone in serum by thin-layer chromatography. Improvement of the buffer system. PMID- 701434 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of tranquilizer residues in body fluids and the meat of slaughtered animals. PMID- 701435 TI - Electron-capture gas chromatography of sulphapyridine and its N4-acetyl metabolite in serum after extraction methylation. PMID- 701436 TI - Determination of zimelidine and its demethylated metabolite in human plasma by gas chromatography. PMID- 701437 TI - Practical gas chromatographic method for the determination of urinary polyamines. PMID- 701438 TI - Assay of pemoline in human plasma, saliva and urine by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection. AB - A simple gas chromatographic assay of the psycho-stimulant pemoline in human urine, plasma and saliva has been developed. Instead of direct extraction of the drug from urine, plasma and saliva, it is hydrolyzed to 5-phenyl-2,4-oxazolidine dione with 1 N hydrochloric acid. After extraction this compound is methylated with diazomethane and determined by gas-liquid chromatography using a capillary SCOT column with a mixed stationary phase, a solid injection system and a nitrogen-selective detector. 5-Phenyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione, which was also found to be a metabolite of pemoline, could be determined quantitatively in human urine. PMID- 701439 TI - Purification of acetylcholinesterase from pig cerebral cortex by affinity chromatography. AB - Acetylcholinesterase from pig cerebral cortex was solubilised with 1% (w/v) Triton X-100 and purified by affinity chromatography. Three different ligands were investigated and details are given for their preparation. The elution profile depended on the presence of Triton X-100, the ionic strength and the inhibitor used to remove the enzyme from the column as well as the nature of the affinity material. The most efficient purification was obtained when the enzyme was eluted from a column containing the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [1-methyl 9-(Nbeta-epsilon-amino-caproyl)-beta-aminopropylamino] acridinium bromide hydrobromide covalently linked to Sepharose 4B. A recovery of 44% of the applied enzyme was eluted from the column with a specific activity of 148 mumoles min-1 mg-1 and a purification of 900-fold. PMID- 701440 TI - Affinity chromatography of an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase using immobilized S-adenosylhomocysteine. Purification of the indolethylamine N methyltransferases of phalaris tuberosa. AB - In the cases that have been studied so far, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a powerful inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding to SAM-dependent methyltransferases. We deduced, from the available data on the binding of SAM and SAH analogues to SAM dependent methyltransferases, that linkage of SAH through the carboxyl group to an immobilized support would lead to a more general affinity adsorbent for SAM-dependent methyltransferases than linkage through other functional groups. This paper describes the synthesis of this affinity adsorbent and its use to purify the two indolethylamine N-methyltransferases of Phalaris tuberosa. PMID- 701441 TI - The development of British pharmacopoeia monographs for idoxuridine and idoxuridine eye drops using high-pressure liquid chromatography for assay and for controlling related impurities. AB - The monograph published in the 1973 edition of the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) for idoxuridine required revision because it contained a non-specific assay and no tests for related impurities. It was also necessary to prepare a new monograph for idoxuridine eye drops. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia contains a thin-layer chromatographic test for impurities but this was not considered ideal. Improved thin-layer chromatographic tests were sought but when this was unsuccessful, methods using high-pressure liquid chromatography were examined. A system using reversed-phase chromatography was selected for inclusion in BP Addendum 1977 since it provided a specific assay method and limit test for related impurities which could be applied to both the drug substance and the eye drops. PMID- 701442 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of nalidixic acid in tablets. AB - A gas chromatographic method has been established for the quantitative analysis of nalidixic acid. The method is based on the derivatization of nalidixic acid with diazomethane, and 5-alpha-cholestane is used as an internal standard. The sample is chromatographed on a glass column packed with 1% OV-1 on Chromosorb W. Quantitation is achieved by measuring peak-height ratios. The improved simplicity, specificity and accuracy of the method has been demonstrated for the quantitation of nalidixic acid in tablets. PMID- 701443 TI - Rapid micro-method for the measurement of phenobarbitone, primidone and phenytoin in blood plasma or serum by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the analysis of phenobarbitone, primidone and phenytoin in small (50 microliter) volumes of either blood plasma or serum. Neither solvent transfer nor evaporation are required in the extraction, which takes less than 3 min to complete, and a quantitative analysis may be performed, in duplicate, within 20 min. Sources of interference in the assay are minimal, and prior treatment of the column with gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane facilitates the measurement of as little as 10 ng of underivatized drug "on-column" using a flame-ionisation detector. The method has proved valuable when used for detection and measurement of these three compounds at concentrations of 2 mg/1 or greater. PMID- 701444 TI - Quantitative determination of 1,3-bis(tetrahydro-2- furanyl)-5-fluoro-2,4 pyrimidinedione and its metabolites in plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. AB - 1,3-Bis(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinedione has been developed clinically as an antitumor agent. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed with which it could be measured in plasma with a sensitivity of 0.050 microgram/ml. Two of its metabolites, 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluoro-2,4 pyrimidinedione and 3-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinedione, could be determined at the same time with a sensitivity of 0.025 microgram/ml. A gas chromatographic-mass fragmentographic method was developed for the specific determination of the third metabolite, 5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinedione, as its silylated derivative with a sensitivity of 0.001 microgram/ml. The precision and sensitivity of the assay appear to be satisfactory for determination of the plasma level of the drug. PMID- 701445 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides and proteins. V. Separation of thyroidal iodo-amino acids by hydrophilic ion-paired reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The separation of thyroidal iodoamino acids has been carried out by high performance liquid chromatography in phase systems consisting of chemically bonded C18-hydrophobic supports as the stationary phase and water-organic solvent mixtures containing phosphoric acid or other ion-pairing reagents as the mobile phase. Under conditions of hydrophilic ion-pair formation, excellent resolution of the iodoamino acids is observed. This method permits the rapid separation and, hence, analysis of mixtures containing thyroxine, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine and related compounds in ca. 30 min with sensitivity, using a UV monitor at 210 nm, at the 1-10-pmole level. PMID- 701446 TI - Ion-pair liquid chromatography of amitriptyline and metabolites in plasma. AB - A method is described for the determination of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in the plasma of patients during treatment. The method is based on liquid chromatography of the amines as ion-pairs with perchlorate. The separation column is packed with silica gel, and a mixture of diisopropyl ether, dichloromethane, methanol and water containing the counter ion is used as eluent. High efficacy and stability of the system is achieved. The separation of metabolites is demonstrated. The cis- and trans-10-hydroxy isomers of amitriptyline and nortriptyline are easily resolved with this chromatographic system. PMID- 701447 TI - Identification and estimation of phenytoin and its major metabolite in rat brain following its administration by gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 701448 TI - Improved assay for the rapid determination of bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid in human urine. PMID- 701449 TI - Affinity chromatography on immobilized S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. Purification of a furanocoumarin O-methyltransferase from cell cultures of Ruta graveolens L. PMID- 701450 TI - The major histocompatibility complex and disease. PMID- 701451 TI - Clinicopathological study of the heart and coronary arteries of autopsied cases from the community of Hisayama during a 10 yr period--I. Ischemic myocardial lesions. PMID- 701452 TI - Clinicopathological study of the heart and coronary arteries of autopsied cases from the community of Hisayama during a 10 yr period--II. Relationship between coronary atherosclerosis and blood pressure. PMID- 701453 TI - Clinicopathological study of the heart and coronary arteries of autopsied cases from the community of Hisayama during a 10 yr period--III. Heart weight. PMID- 701454 TI - Plasma lipids as collateral risk factors in coronary artery disease--a study of 371 males with chest pain. PMID- 701456 TI - A note on the calculation of multivariate risk functions. PMID- 701455 TI - A methodologic problem in mortality studies of migrant populations. PMID- 701457 TI - Variables associated with obtaining and sustaining employment among spinal cord injured males: a follow-up of 760 veterans. PMID- 701458 TI - Immunoglobulin M antibody response against Mycoplasma pneumoniae lipid antigen in patients with acute pancreatitis. AB - Serial serum samples from patients with acute pancreatitis showed a significant increase in antibodies against methanol-chloroform-extracted lipid antigen from Mycoplasma pneumoniae when tested by complement fixation. The antibodies did not react with antigens prepared from other human mycoplasmas or from pancreatic tissue by lipid extraction. The antibodies were predominantly immunoglobulin M (IgM). No correlation with cold agglutinins or cardiolipid complement-fixing antibodies was found. The IgM antibody response seemed to be prolonged: after 3 to 4 weeks the antibodies were still in many cases exclusively IgM. Similar IgM responses were also found in certain cases of acute meningoencephalitis. We postulate that during the disease antigenic components identical or very similar to major determinants in the M. pneumoniae lipid antigen are revealed and elicit the IgM antibody response. Their resemblance to natural antibodies and their possible biological role is discussed. PMID- 701459 TI - Determination of human immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay which uses human immunoglobulin G in antigen-antibody complexes. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the rapid determination of human immunoglobulin M (IgM) rheumatoid factor (RF) has been developed. Preparation of the solid phase for the assay involved the formation of complexes between respiratory syncytial virus-specific human IgG antibodies and virus antigen on the surface of polystyrene balls. Binding of serum RF to IgG in the immune complex was subsequently detected by 125I-labeled mu-chain-specific antibodies to human IgM. The amount of radioactive indicator antibody bound was converted to units of RF by comparison to the standard curve for an RF reference-serum pool. This assay should prove useful in studies of the physiological role of RF, since it can effectively measure low levels of circulating RF. PMID- 701460 TI - Human infections caused by thiamine- or menadione-requiring Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Stable dwarf forms of Staphylococcus aureus have been identified in clinical specimens as the sole or predominant isolate in eight cases. These organisms have been shown to be menadione or thiamine dependent, i.e., cultivation in the presence of one of these agents has permitted growth of colonies which appear typical of S. aureus. In vitro resistance to aminoglycosides was overcome by cultivation in the presence of menadione or thiamine. Menadione- or thiamine requiring S. aureus can be considered as causative agents in severe human infections. Special care must be taken if they are to be identified in pathological specimens. Their antibiotic sensitivity testing should be done comparatively on supplemented and nonsupplemented media. PMID- 701461 TI - Abortion in mice associated with Pasteurella pneumotropica. AB - Pasteurella pneumotropica was isolated from the uteri, fetuses, lungs, and spleens of aborting Swiss Carworth mice. Male mice in the colony carried P. pneumotropica in pharynges, testes, and seminal vesicles. Normal pregnant and nongravid females carried P. pneumotropica in the eye of 1 and in the uteri of 4 of 11. Pregnant mice from another colony did not abort when injected with P. pneumotropica. Necrotizing and suppurative metritis was found among aborting females with P. pneumotropica infections. Occurrence of malignant lymphoma and mammary adenocarcinoma among animals in this colony likely resulted in immunosuppression which could have predisposed animals to the diseases seen. PMID- 701462 TI - Mycoplasmas in human pyelonephritis: demonstration of antibodies in serum and urine. AB - This study was carried out to elucidate by serological examination the etiological significance of mycoplasmas isolated from the upper urinary tract of patients with pyelonephritis. The occurrence of antibodies in patients with acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis with or without exacerbation, or noninfectious urinary tract disease was compared by the indirect hemagglutination method. Antibody response was demonstrated significantly more often in patients yielding growth of Mycoplasma hominis from the upper urinary tract than in patients not yielding growth. Antibodies against M. hominis were demonstrated in ureteric and bladder urine from three patients with acute pyelonephritis and from one patient with exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis. M. hominis was isolated from the upper urinary tract of all four patients. Urine antibodies could not be demonstrated in any other cases. Thus, it seems highly possible that M. hominis may play a role in pyelonephritis of humans. The investigations did not disclose a similar role for Ureaplasma urealyticum. PMID- 701463 TI - Possible use of frequency-pulse-modulated electron capture gas-liquid chromatography to identify septic and aseptic causes of pleural effusions. AB - Frequency-pulse-modulated electron capture gas-liquid chromatography was used in conjunction with appropriate derivatization procedures to obtain chromatograms from extracts of pleural effusions. These chromatograms were used to rapidly classify the various types of pleural effusions. With this method we have been able to distinguish among a limited number of effusions caused by congestive heart failure, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and some other types of bacterial empyemas and pleural effusions. PMID- 701465 TI - Microtitration agglutination for detection of Treponema hyodysenteriae antibody. AB - A microtitration agglutination test for the detection of Treponema hyodysenteriae antibody in swine and rabbit sera is described. The following methods provided the best test results: antigen produced from the spirochete after a culturing period of 36 to 44 h at 38 degrees C, washed antigen inactivated with 0.01% Merthiolate at 4 degrees C for 24 to 36 h, sera heated at 56 degrees C for 30 min, a diluent of phosphate-buffered saline (0.01 M, pH 7.2), and test results read macroscopically after 18 to 24 h of incubation at 38 degrees C. The test enabled detection of antibody against pathogenic T. hyodysenteriae with a high level of consistency and sensitivity. Sera against nonpathogenic T. hyodysenteriae produced low agglutinating titers (less than or equal to 1:8) when reacted against antigen from pathogenic isolates. Inactivated antigen remained stable for 7 to 10 days. Specificity of the reaction in the agglutination test was shown by absorption studies. PMID- 701464 TI - Evaluation of twenty-three blood culture media. AB - Several investigators have evaluated clinically a variety of commercially available blood culture media. No agreement has been reached as to which of these media is optimal for detection of bacteremia. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of recovery of microorganisms from various blood culture media. A total of 23 blood culture media were inoculated with 7 to 15 microorganisms per bottle in the presence or absence of an erythrocyte-serum mixture. The results demonstrated that blood culture media differed in their ability to support the growth of microorganisms. At 4 days after inoculation, only 10 of the 23 blood culture media supported the growth of 91% (10 of the 11) or more of the test microorganisms. The recovery rate of microorganisms depended not only upon the type of medium but also upon the manufacturer of the type of blood culture medium. The addition of an erythrocyte-serum mixture to the blood culture media did not influence the difference in the recovery rate of microorganisms among media and the same type of medium prepared by different manufacturers. The majority (15 of the 23) of the blood culture media supplemented with the erythrocyte-serum mixture failed to support the growth of 91% or more of the test microorganisms at 4 days after inoculation. These results have demonstrated that blood culture media need to be improved. Better quality control measures should also be implemented to evaluate commercial blood culture media. PMID- 701466 TI - Comparison of three blood culture media with tryptic soy broth. AB - Four consecutive studies comparing commercially prepared bottles that contained brain heart infusion, brucella (vented and unvented), and Trypticase soy broths with Tryptic soy broth failed to demonstrate significant differences in rates of isolation of organisms from blood. Statistically significant differences between bottles were limited to the average times required to detect growth of viridans streptococci in one study and of all organisms in another. PMID- 701468 TI - Carbon substrate utilization studies of some cultures of Alcaligenes denitrificans, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Alcaligenes odorans isolated from clinical specimens. AB - One hundred and sixty-two cultures of Alcaligenes species (A. denitrificans, A. faecalis, and A. odorans) of clinical origin were characterized by routine diagnostic and carbon substrate utilization techniques. The microorganisms were tested for their ability to utilize a total of 188 substrates. Substrate utilization was assayed by (i) growth stimulation and (ii) substrate alkalinization. The A. denitrificans and A. odorans cultures had unique substrate utilization profiles for each species. The A. faecalis isolates were redefined by colonial morphology into two biotypes: (i) biotype I, morphologically and biochemically similar to the A. denitrificans cultures and (ii) biotype II, morphologically similar to the A. odorans cultures. PMID- 701467 TI - Dental care and spread of hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Sera from 576 healthy adults were tested for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) to evaluate the role of routine dental care as a factor in the spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Serological evidence of prior HBV infection, manifested by acquisition of anti-HBs, was detected in 97 (16.8%) individuals, and 6 (1.0%) were identified to be asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. The anticipated correlations of HBsAg and anti-HBs with age, country of birth, and socioeconomic status were observed in the study population. However, prevalences of both HBsAg and anti-HBs were inversely related to the lifetime total of dental care visits. These findings indicated that, in a region in which the HBsAg carrier state and hepatitis B are prevalent, routine dental care is not identified as an important factor in the spread of HBV infection. While the results do not exclude the obvious possibility that cross-infections with HBV may occur during dental care in specific situations, they indicate that this mode of infection is exceptional. PMID- 701469 TI - Search for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus: enrichment of fecal samples. AB - None of 50 healthy individuals and only 2 of 50 hospitalized patients (with Acinetobacter anitratus elsewhere) yielded A. anitratus on enrichment from fecal samples. PMID- 701470 TI - Double-label fluorescence immunoassay of bacteria. AB - Fluorescence of sensitized bacterial suspensions, reactive with either fluorescein-labeled or rhodamine-labeled antiglobulins, could be quantitatively distinguished in dual-labeled preparations by fluorescence immunoassay. PMID- 701471 TI - Renal net glucose release in vivo and its contribution to blood glucose in rats. AB - This study describes the contribution of de novo glucose synthesis by the kidney to blood glucose homeostasis in rats. The net glucose release by the kidney in vivo was measured by an isotope-dilution method, which calculated the extent of dilution of injected [(14)C]glucose by glucose newly synthesized in the kidney. The extent of dilution was determined from the difference between the decrease of the actual blood glucose concentration and that of the radioactivity of [(14)C]glucose, after injecting [(14)C]glucose into functionally hepatectomized rats. The results indicate that the net glucose release by the kidney in vivo in normal fed rats was 0.75+/-0.13 mg/dl per min, and that its contribution to blood glucose was 25.9+/-5.0%. When unilateral nephrectomy was performed, under the same conditions, renal net glucose release was one-half of that in rats with two intact kidneys, which indicates the quantitative accuracy of the isotope-dilution method employed in this study. In rats starved for 24 h, the renal net glucose release increased to 0.99+/-0.08 mg/dl per min. Diabetic rats showed a remarkably higher renal net glucose of 2.28+/-0.33 mg/dl per min, which was 360% of the normal level. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin, restored the renal net glucose release to the normal level. In acidotic rats, renal net glucose release was as great as 1.03+/-0.15 mg/dl per min, which suggests that the acid-base balance participates in control of renal glucose output. Measurements every 6 h throughout the day showed that glucose was supplied from the kidney at a constant rate without any circadian rhythm. These data suggest that renal gluconeogenesis is of physiological importance in the maintenance of homeostasis of blood glucose. PMID- 701472 TI - Role of plasma vasopressin in impaired water excretion of glucocorticoid deficiency. AB - In the present study, the effect of selective glucocorticoid deficiency on renal water excretion was investigated in conscious, trained, adrenalectomized dogs. The animals were studied before and after a water load while on replacement therapy of desoxycorticosterone acetate, 5 mg/day, and dexamethasone, 0.8 mg/day (group I), and while off dexamethasone for 5-9 days (group II). Before the water load the weight, inulin space, cardiac output, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, plasma osmolality, and plasma antidiuretic hormone measured by radioimmunoassay were similar in both groups I and II. However, after a 40 ml/kg water load a marked impairment in renal water excretion in the glucocorticoid deficient dogs became apparent. Maximal free water clearance was -0.046+/-0.16 vs. 6.51+/-0.72 ml/min (P < 0.001) and minimal urinary osmolality was 425+/-56 vs. 82+/-3.5 mosmol/kg H(2)O (P < 0.001) in group II as compared to group I. Plasma antidiuretic hormone was maximally suppressed during the water load in group I to 0.34+/-0.08 pg/ml but remained elevated at 9.18+/-1.79 pg/ml (P < 0.005) in group II. This nonsuppressibility of plasma antidiuretic hormone during water loading in group II was associated with a significant tachycardia of 145+/-6 vs. 87+/-6 beats/min (P < 0.001) in group I and a significantly lower stroke volume of 27+/-0 vs. 59+/-0.5 ml/beat (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our results implicate a persistent secretion of antidiuretic hormone as an important factor in the impaired water excretion of glucocorticoid deficiency. A deleterious effect of glucocorticoid deficiency on cardiac function was observed and this hemodynamic alteration could be involved in initiating a nonosmolar, baroreceptor-mediated release of vasopressin. PMID- 701473 TI - Cold-insoluble globulin (fibronectin) in connective tissues of adult human lung and in trophoblast basement membrane. AB - Cold-insoluble globulin (CIG), which is immunochemically indistinguishable from the fibroblast surface protein known as large external transformation-sensitive glycoprotein and fibronectin, was detected immunologically in connective tissue fractions from adult human lung. The fractions tested were (a) intact parenchyma, (b) acidic structural glycoproteins (ASG) extracted from lung parenchyma with 0.3 M acetic acid, and (c) isolated alveolar basement membrane (ABM). For comparison with ABM, preparations of human glomerular basement membrane and human trophoblast basement membrane (TBM) were tested. CIG was not detected in glomerular basement membrane but was present in large amounts in TBM. The CIG antigen could be solubilized from the parenchyma and from ABM by collagenase digestion which indicates that CIG occurs in lung connective tissue in association with collagen. Fibrinogen antigenic determinants were present in the ASG fraction, but the question of whether CIG and fibrin(ogen) are associated in lung connective tissue requires further study. When CIG was quantified by electroimmunoassay, intact lung parenchyma contained approximately equal to 0.4% CIG, ASG contained 3-4.5% CIG, ABM contained 0.1-0.9% CIG and TBM contained 1.5% 7.2% Cg. the evidence suggests that CIG is a chemical constituent of lung connective tissue matrix where it may influence the function of alveoli. PMID- 701474 TI - Prostaglandin suppression of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. Changes with mitogen dose and preincubation. AB - In this study we further characterize the properties of the prostaglandin producing suppressor cell. Overnight preincubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells results in an increased response of the cells to phytohemagglutinin or Concanavalin A compared to the response of fresh cells. This increase in mitogen response with preincubation was similar in magnitude to the increase in mitogen response of fresh cells after the addition of indomethacin. The two manipulations were not additive; that is, after preincubation, indomethacin caused much less enhancement of mitogen stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (100 +/- 12% increase before preincubation vs. 12 +/- 6% after preincubation; mean+/-SEM, P < 0.001). Preincubated cells also lose sensitivity to inhibition by exogenous prostaglandin E(2). It requires the addition of 100- to > 1,000-fold more exogenous PGE(2) to produce comparable inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated preincubated cells than is required for inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated fresh cells. The enhancing effect of indomethacin increases with decreasing doses of phytohemagglutinin. Indomethacin causes a 1,059+/-134% increase in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation at the lowest dose of phytohemagglutinin (0.2 mug/ml), and a 4+/-3% increase at the highest dose (20 mug/ml). This increase in response to indomethacin with a lower dose of phytohemagglutinin is due to increased sensitivity to inhibition by PGE(2) at lower mitogen doses. The prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell assay and the short-lived suppressor cell assay measure over-lapping phenomena. The increased suppressive effect of the prostaglandin-producing suppressor at suboptimal mitogen dose must be taken into account in the interpretation of any study where the response to a range of mitogen doses is studied. PMID- 701475 TI - Role of large arteries in regulation of cerebral blood flow in dogs. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated a significant pressure gradient from carotid artery to pial or middle cerebral arteries. This pressure gradient suggests that large cerebral arteries contribute to cerebral resistance. We have tested the hypothesis that large cerebral arteries contribute to regulation of cerebral blood flow during changes in blood gases and arterial pressure. Microspheres were used to measure brain blood flow in anesthetized dogs. Resistance of large cerebral arteries was estimated by determining the pressure gradient between common carotid and wedged vertebral artery catheters. Systemic hypercapnia and hypoxia dilated large cerebral arteries, and hypocapnia constricted large cerebral arteries. Resistance of large arteries was 0.6+/-0.1 (mean +/- SE) mm Hg per ml/min per 100 g during normocapnia. During hypercapnia and hypoxia, large artery resistance decreased significantly to 0.2 +/- 0.03 and 0.3 +/- 0.05, respectively. During hypocapnia large artery resistance increased significantly to 1.0 +/- 0.1. In other experiments, we found that large cerebral arteries participate in auto-regulatory responses to hemorrhagic hypotension. When arterial pressure was reduced from 110 to 58 mm Hg, autoregulation maintained cerebral blood flow constant, and resistance of large cerebral arteries decreased significantly from 1.0 +/- 0.2 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 mm Hg per ml/min per 100 g. In absolute terms, we calculated that 20-45% of the change in total cerebral resistance during these interventions was accounted for by changes in large artery resistance. These studies indicate that large cerebral arteries, as well as arterioles, participate actively in regulation of cerebral blood flow during changes in arterial blood gases and during autoregulatory responses to hemorrhagic hypotension. PMID- 701476 TI - Mechanism of effect of hypoxia on renal water excretion. AB - The effect of lowering the pressure of oxygen from 80 to 34 mm Hg was examined in anesthetized dogs that were undergoing a water diuresis. This degree of hypoxia was associated with an antidiuresis as urine osmolality (Uosm) increased from 107 to 316 mosmol/kg H(2)O (P < 0.001) and plasma arginine vasopressin increased from 0.06 to 7.5 muU/ml, (P < 0.05). However, hypoxia was not associated with significant changes in cardiac output (CO, from 4.2 to 4.7 liters/ min), mean arterial pressure (MAP, from 143 to 149 mm Hg), glomerular filtration rate (GFR, from 46 to 42 ml/min), solute excretion rate (SV, from 302 to 297 mosmol/min), or filtration fraction (from 0.26 to 0.27, NS). Hypoxia was associated with an increase in renal vascular resistance (from 0.49 to 0.58 mm Hg/ml per min, P < 0.01). The magnitude of hypoxia-induced antidiuresis was the same in innervated kidneys and denervated kidneys. To further examine the role of vasopressin in this antidiuresis, hypoxia was induced in hypophysectomized animals. The effect of hypoxia on CO, MAP, GFR, SV, and renal blood flow in hypophysectomized animals was the same as in intact animals. In contrast to intact animals, however, hypoxia did not induce a significant antidiuresis in hypophysectomized animals (Uosm from 72 to 82 mosmol/kg H(2)O). To delineate the afferent pathway for hypoxia-stimulated vasopressin release, hypoxia was induced in dogs with either chemo- or baroreceptor denervation. The effect of hypoxia on CO, MAP, GFR, SV, and renal blood flow in the denervated animals was the same as in nondenervated animals. Hypoxia resulted in an antidiuresis in chemoreceptor (Uosm from 113 to 357 mosmol/kg H(2)O, P < 0.001) but not in baroreceptor (Uosm from 116 to 138 mosmol/kg H(2)O, NS) denervated animals. To determine if hypoxia alters renal response to vasopressin, exogenous vasopressin was administered to normoxic and hypoxic groups of dogs. The antidiuretic effect of vasopressin was no different in these two groups. These results demonstrate that hypoxia induces an antidiuresis which is independent of alterations in CO, MAP, SV, filtration fraction, renal nerves, or renal response to vasopressin and occurs through baroreceptor-mediated vasopressin release. The nature of the baroreceptor stimulation remains to be elucidated. PMID- 701477 TI - Pemphigus antibody interaction with human epidermal cells in culture. AB - The mechanism of pemphigus acantholysis has been studied with an in vitro system. Freshly prepared human skin epidermal cells were incubated in F-10 medium which contained the immunoglobulin G fraction from either pemphigus serum or normal human serum. During 18-h incubation periods, the pemphigus antibody became bound to the surface of the epidermal cells, caused the destruction of 75% of the viable cells as compared to only 14% in the normal immunoglobulin G controls (trypan blue exclusion), prevented the accumulation of newly synthesized proteins by nearly 60% as determined by radioactive tracer studies, and caused a dramatic shift in distribution of the newly synthesized proteins from an insoluble cell associated fraction to an extracellular soluble fraction. These effects on the accumulation and partitioning of newly synthesized proteins were antibody concentration-dependent. Kinetic studies showed that at a fixed pemphigus antibody concentration the inhibition of protein accumulation preceded solubilization by about 1 h, at which time rapid solubilization of up to 70% of the insoluble cellular material occurred. Several lines of evidence suggested that this phenomenon was caused by enzymatic activity. Epidermal extracts solubilized a prepared substrate of radioactivity labeled insoluble epidermal cell material. This activity was heat labile and pH dependent, with pH optima ranging from 4.5 to 6.5. Enzymes with pH optima between 6 and 6.5 were recovered in the culture medium after a 2-day incubation of pure, intact epidermis with the pemphigus antibody. We proposed the following hypothesis to account for pemphigus acantholysis. The pemphigus antibody reacts with the epidermal cell surface and produces such a severe disturbance that the integrity of the cell surface is lost. As a result of these primary perturbations, the cell is killed and during the process, responds by release or activiation of soluble hydrolytic enzymes. This autolytic process results in the characteristic acantholysis of pemphigus. PMID- 701478 TI - Influence of methylprednisolone of the sequential redistribution of cathepsin D and other lysosomal enzymes during myocardial ischemia in rabbits. AB - Occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery induced a profound redistribution in ischemic rabbit myocardium of several lysosomal acid hydrolases, including cathepsin D, B-acetylglycosaminidase, and acid phosphatase. 30-45 min after ligation non-sedimentable cathepsin D activity rose from 36% of the total activity to 42-48%, and in immunohistochemical preparations cathepsin D appeared to have diffused from lysosomes into the cytosol of injured cells. A pharmacologic dose of methylprednisolone (50mg/kg) significantly delayed the subcellular redistribution of cathepsin D and the other hydrolases in ischemic heart. Thus, in treated hearts the nonsedimentable activity of cathepsin D rose to only 38% after 30 min of ischemia and 42% after 45 min (P is less than 0.05 compared to untreated ischemia at each time). Similarly, unlike untreated hearts, noevidence of enzyme diffusion from lysosomes could be demonstrated immunohistochemically in corticosteroid-treated ischemic hearts for over 45 min. After 1-2 h of ischemia, however, steroid-protected myocytes deteriorated and the biochemical activity and anatomical distribution of cathepsin D were indistinguishable from untreated ischemic hearts. This study demonstrates that corticosteroid pretreatment does not prevent alterations in cardiac lysosomes during severe ischemia indefinitely, but does delay their development significantly. PMID- 701479 TI - Adherence of glucan-positive and glucan-negative streptococcal strains to normal and damaged heart valves. AB - The adherence of 18 strains of streptococci to sections of normal canine and human aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves and to canine interatrial septum was compared in an in vitro system. Quantitative measurements of adherence ratios were performed by two independent methods. Adherence ratios for Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, S. bovis, and Group D streptococci were higher (0.0058 0.0101) than for the other streptococcal strains studied (0.0025-0.0041). With the exception of Group D streptococci, adherence ratios for each bacterial strain were similar with the aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve sections. Adherence ratios with normal human and canine valve leaflets were similar, but adherence ratios with interatrial septum were lower than with normal valve sections. Adherence ratios for glucan-positive and glucan-negative strains of streptococci with normal and with damaged aortic valve leaflets were also compared. The adherence ratios of the glucan-positive streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis, and S. bovis) and one glucan-negative enterococcal strain (KG-3) were approximately five times higher with damaged aortic valves (0.039-0.051) than with normal aortic valves (0.009-0.010). For glucan-positive strains, adherence ratios with normal aortic leaflets were similar when bacteria were grown in media which contains or lacks sucrose. In striking contrast, growth of the glucan-positive strains in medium which lacks sucrose, with resultant deficiency of glucan production, decreased the adherence ratios with damaged aortic valve leaflets to those found with normal aortic leaflets. Treatment of glucan-positive strains with dextranase resulted in a decrease in their adherence ratios to levels seen with bacteria grown in medium lacking sucrose, but the higher adherence ratios could be restored in the presence of exogenous dextran.It is concluded that glucan production is one quantitatively important factor that contributes to the greater adherence of glucan-positive streptococci to damaged rather than to normal aortic heart valve leaflets. However, glucan production is not the only factor that determines preferential adherence of streptococci to damaged heart valves, because glucan-negative strains may also show some degree of increased adherence to damaged valves. Thus, bacterial glucan production is one of the factors that could contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 701480 TI - Patients with congenital factor V deficiency have decreased factor Xa binding sites on their platelets. AB - Human platelets have binding sites for plasma coagulation Factor X(a) that are available only after the platelet release reaction. Platelets from 15 normal donors bound 216+/-52 (SD) molecules of Factor X(a) per platelet. The association of Factor X(a) with its platelet surface receptor results in a 300,000-fold increase in the catalytic activity of Factor X(a) in forming thrombin from prothrombin. The turnover number for platelet-bound Factor X(a) was 1,850+/-460 mol thrombin/ml per min per mol Factor X(a) in experiments with platelets from 15 normal donors. Platelets from five patients with varying degrees of Factor V deficiency were investigated to determine whether or not coagulation Factor V participates in either aspect of the Factor X(a)-platelet interaction. The binding of Factor X(a) to platelets and the accompanying increase in rate of thrombin formation were either reduced in parallel or absent in each case with values ranging from 0 to 45% of control values. The apparent affinity of Factor X(a) from Factor V-deficient patients was normal when platelet binding was detected. The supernate from thrombin-treated control platelets, which contains Factor V activity, corrected the Factor X(a) binding deficiency of the platelets from three patients tested. Immunoreactive Factor V determined with an homologous antibody corresponded to the functional Factor V activity of platelets from one patient with Factor V deficiency, suggesting that the patient's platelets have a decreased amount of normal Factor V. The ability of platelets from the patients to bind Factor X(a) and increase the rate of thrombin formation correlated with the severity of each patient's bleeding disorder better than the plasma level of Factor V. The results indicate that Factor V is required for the Factor X(a) platelet interaction and that thrombin formation at the platelet surface is important in normal hemostasis. PMID- 701481 TI - Immunoglobulin secreting cells in normal human bronchial lavage fluids. AB - Immunoglobulin secreting cells were quantitated in the bronchial lavage fluids of 12 normal volunteers and compared with immunoglobulin secreting cells in peripheral blood, by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The mean number of cells secreting immunoglobulin (Ig)G in bronchial lavage fluids was 489 per million lymphocytes vs. a mean of 175 IgG secreting cells per million lymphocytes in peripheral blood (P < 0.02). The mean number of IgA secreting cells in bronchial lavage fluids was 633 per million lymphocytes as compared to 100 per million lymphocytes in peripheral blood (P < 0.005). Thus, compared to peripheral blood, cells from the lavage fluids were relatively enriched for both IgG and IgA secreting cells. However, IgA secreting cells were the major class of immunoglobulin secreting cells in bronchial lavage fluids, whereas IgG secreting cells predominated in peripheral blood. The prominence of IgA secreting cells in bronchial lavage fluids was further demonstrated by a mean ratio of IgA/IgG secreting cells in bronchial lavage fluids of 1.26 compared to a ratio in peripheral blood of 0.57 (P < 0.02). Cells secreting IgM were identified in only four of seven bronchial lavage fluid samples studied but in all peripheral blood samples. IgE secreting cells were not present in normal peripheral blood but could be demonstrated in 5 of 11 lavage fluid specimens. Thus, cells actively secreting immunoglobulins can be identified in the lower bronchial-alveolar tree of normal human subjects. Cells secreting IgG, IgA, or IgM may function in local lung defenses against infection; cells secreting IgE may contribute to hypersensitivity reactions in the lung. PMID- 701482 TI - Interaction of collagen with the lipids of tendon xanthomata. AB - To determine the physical state of lipids in tendon xanthomata, six specimens surgically removed from three patients with familial hypercholesterolemia were studied by microscopy, calorimetry, and x-ray diffraction. The major constituents of the xanthomata were lipid (33% of dry weight) and collagen (24% of dry weight). The principal lipids were cholesterol ester and cholesterol. Light microscopy and thin-section electron microscopy showed occasional clusters of foam cells separated by masses of extracellular collagen. Polarized light microscopy of fresh, minced tissue showed rare droplets of free cholesterol ester. When heated, the tissue shrank abruptly at approximately equal to 70 degrees C and, consequently, a large amount of cholesterol ester was released. Scanning calorimetry of fresh pieces of xanthoma showed a single, broad, reversible liquid crystalline transition of cholesterol ester with peak temperature from 32 to 38 degrees C. The enthalpy (0971 +/- 0.07 cal/g) was reduced compared with the isolated cholesterol ester from each xanthoma (1.1+/ 0.01 cal/g). There was a large irreversible collagen denaturation endotherm (peak temperature = 67 degrees C; enthalpy 9.9 cal/g collagen) that corresponded to the tissue shrinkage noted by microscopy. After the collagen denaturation, the sample displayed double-peaked reversible liquid crystalline transitions of cholesterol ester, of enthalpy 1.18 +/- 0.1 cal/g, that were identical to transitions of isolated cholesterol ester. Fibers dissected fron xanthomata were examined by X ray diffraction at temperatures below and above the cholesterol ester transition. At 20 degrees C there was a weakly oriented equatorial reflection of Bragg spacing 36A, which corresponded to the smectic phase of cholesterol ester, and a series of oriented collagen reflections. At 42 degrees C the cholesterol ester reflection disappeared. Stretched fibers examined at 10 degrees C showed good orientation of collagen and cholesterol ester reflections, and in addition, meridional spacings which indicated oriented crystallization of cholesterol ester. These studies suggest that a major component of tendon xanthomata is extracellular cholesterol ester which displays altered melting and molecular orientation as a result of an interaction with collagen. At xanthoma temperatures, the cholesterol ester is in a smectic liquid crystalline state, probably layered between collagen fibrils, with the long axis of the cholesterolester molecules perpendicular to the axis of the collagen fiber. Such collagen-cholesterol ester interactions may favor the extracellular deposition of cholesterol ester derived either from intracellular sources or directly from plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 701483 TI - Effect of aspirin on thrombin-induced adherence of platelets to cultured cells from the blood vessel wall. AB - An in vitro method was used to detect adherence of (51)Cr-labeled platelets to monolayers of cultured human endothelial, fibroblast, and smooth muscle cells. Washed platelets did not adhere to untreated or aspirin-treated endothelial monolayers in the absence of thrombin. In contrast, thrombin-induced platelet aggregates adhered to all of the monolayers but adherence to endothelium was significantly less than to the other cells. Additional evidence for adherence of platelets to the endothelium was provided by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Thrombin-induced platelet adherence to endothelium was inhibited by hirudin. Platelet adherence induced by thrombin was enhanced significantly by treatment of the endothelial monolayer with 1-2 mM aspirin. This increase in adherence was seen even when aspirin-treated platelets were used; adherence values approached those seen with fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. An aspirin concentration of 0.1 mM was sufficient to block thrombin-induced malonaldehyde production in platelets but it did not interfere with the inhibitory effect of the endothelium against platelet adherence. The effect of aspirin on the endothelium was temporary and inhibitory activity of the endothelium was restored 1 h after aspirin had been removed from the incubation system. The ability of thrombin to cause adherence of platelets to undamaged endothelium, and the potential for aspirin to enhance this adherence have implications for mechanisms which operate in platelet interaction with the blood vessel wall. PMID- 701484 TI - Decreased insulin sensitivity of forearm muscle in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Previous studies of patients with myotonic dystrophy have demonstrated hyperinsulinism after glucose loading. This hyperinsulinism has been attributed by some investigators to tissue insulin resistance. We have directly studied insulin sensitivity of forearm muscle in patients having such hyperinsulinism. The effect of an intrabrachial arterial insulin infusion (100 mu U/kg per min) on glucose uptake was determined in six cases of myotonic dystrophy, six normal subjects, and in seven disease control subjects with myotonia or wasting from other disorders. There was no significant difference in insulin tolerance comparing myotonic dystrophy patients to the normal and disease control groups. Glucose tolerance and basal insulin levels were normal in the myotonic dystrophy patients, but hyperinsulinism occurred after glucose ingestion. After 25 min of intra-arterial insulin, the mean peak muscle glucose uptake in myotonic dystrophy was 2.54 +/- 0.54 mu mol/min per 100 ml forearm compared to 5.24 +/- 0.86 mu mol/min per 100 ml for disease controls (P is less than 0.05). Myotonic dystrophy patients showed a peak glucose uptake increment of only 2.6 +/- 0.2-fold over basal contrasted with the disease control value of 6.5 +/- 1.0-fold (P is less than 0.02) and the normal control value of 8.8 +/- 1.1-fold (P is less than 0.01). Thus, there was an absolute as well as a relative decrease in muscle insulin sensitivity in myotonic dystrophy patients compared to both control groups. The peak increments in arterio-superficial venous glucose concentration differences after insulin infusion were not significantly different comparing myotonic dystrophy and control groups. These data suggest that in myotonic dystrophy, there is insulin insensitivity of skeletal muscle. PMID- 701485 TI - Inhibition of erythrocyte sickling in vitro by pyridoxal. AB - To test the antisickling activity of pyridoxal, we compared the oxygen affinity and the percent sickling at low PO2 of untreated erythrocytes with values for cells from the same blood sample incubated with pyridoxal, glyceraldehyde, or pyridoxine. Pyridoxal increased oxygen affinity much more than glyceraldehyde. 20 mM pyridoxal and glyceraldehyde had equivalent antisickling activity. At PO2 levels above 20 mm Hg, both agents reduced sickling to less than 2%. In samples examined by electron microscopy, pyridoxal reduced the percent sickled cells and the percent cells that contain hemoglobin S fibers by the same amount (from 74 to 3%). Pyridoxine had no effect on oxygen affinity or sockling. Pyridoxal reacts with intracellular hemoglobin to increase oxygen affinity, which inhibits hemoglobin S polymerization and sickling. PMID- 701486 TI - Cell bodies of origin of reticular projections from the superior colliculus in the cat: an experimental study with the use of horseradish peroxidase as a tracer. AB - By use of the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the projection from the superior colliculus (SC) to the brain stem reticular formation (RF) was investigated in the cat. A 0.2-0.5 microliter of a 50% suspension of Sigma VI HRP was injected stereotactically in various portions of the pontomedullary RF, and, as a control to the injection to the RF, in the inferior olive or in the spinal cord. Labeled cells were found within and deep to the intermediate gray layer of the SC in the cats which survived for two or three days after HRP injection. The number of the labeled cells varied, according to the difference in the site of injection and the amount of injected HRP. About 400 labeled cells in twenty 50-micron sections, taken every fifth of the SC, occurred throughout its rostrocaudal extent, particularly in the case where the medial portion of the border zone of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis (R.p.o.-R.p.c. zone) or the border zone of the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis and the gigantocellularis (R.p.c.-R.gc. zone) was heavily stained after three days of survival period. From 10 to 15% of these labeled cells were large in size (more than 40 micron in diameter), 20-30% were medium sized and the rest (60-70%) were small (10-25 micron). On the other hand, when HRP was placed in the inferior olive only eight cells were labeled in the SC, seven of which were small and medium-sized. When HRP was injected in the gray matter of C1-C3 level of the spinal cord, a total of 70 tectal cells (14, 42, and 14 were large, medium, and small cells, respectively) were observed to be labeled. The findings of the tectoreticular neurons are discussed and compared with those of the tectoolivary and the tectospinal neurons. Thus the three kinds of tectal neurons are located within and deep to the intermediate gray layer. The number of the labeled cells and the percentages of the collicular neurons of different sizes are obviously different among the three different projections. Topographic correlations between the SC and the RF could not be discerned in the present materials. These results were discussed in relation to possible influences of the tectoreticular neurons upon the extraocular and the spinal motoneurons. PMID- 701487 TI - Laminar origins of spinothalamic projections in the cat as determined by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to identify the locations of cells of origin of the spinothalamic tract in the cat. Injections of from 0.2-3.0 microliter of 30% HRP were made unilaterally in various regions of the somatosensory thalamus. Massive injections of the caudal thalamus in several cats showed the spinothalamic cells of origin to be located mainly in laminae I, VII and VIII in the lumbar enlargement, and in laminae I, V and VII-VIII in the cervical enlargement. Small injections of HRP were made into the three major spinothalamic terminal zones in the thalamus, to determine the laminar origins(s) of the spinal projections to each zone. Neurons in lamina I in both cervical and lumbar enlargements were found to project almost exclusively to the rostral VB-caudal VL border zone. A small number of neurons in laminae VII and VIII also project there but a larger number project to the intralaminar region. Neurons projecting to the PO regions were located mainly in laminae IV and V. This anatomical segregation of thalamic afferents probably reflects a functional segregation of input, since the functional properties of spinal neurons vary according to their laminar location. Comparison of these data with the differential projection of spinothalamic neurons in the rat and monkey indicate that it is unlikely that the proposed "paleo-" and "neospinothalamic" systems would arise from anatomically separate groups of spinal neurons. PMID- 701488 TI - Anatomical and physiological properties of ipsilaterally projecting spinothalamic neurons in the second cervical segment of the cat's spinal cord. AB - Anatomical and electrophysiological methods were used to investigate the projections and response properties of neurons in the second cervical (C2) spinal segment of the cat giving origin to a previously undescribed projection to the ipsilateral thalamus. The method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to identify neurons in C2 giving rise to thalamic projections. Following large (3.0 microliter) thalamic HRP injections, a large number of labeled neurons was observed in lateral laminae VII-VIII of C2 ipsilateral to the injections. They occurred as small clusters of cells along the longitudinal axis of C2. Labeled neurons were also observed contralaterally in the lateral cervical nucleus, dorsal horn (especially medial lamina VI), and loosely distributed in the ventral horn. The ipsilaterally projecting neurons were also labeled following small (0.2--0.5 microliter) HRP injections restricted to individual spinothalamic terminal zones (intralaminar nuclei, ventrobasal complex-nucleus ventralis lateralis border zone, medial division of the posterior nuclei), indicating that as a group they project widely throughout the thalamus. Single unit recording methods were used to obtain complementary information on the functional properties of these neurons. The antidromic stimulation method was applied to identify units in C2 projecting to the ipsilateral thalamus in anesthetized, paralyzed cats. Three categories of ipsilaterally projecting C2 units were identified: (1) units not driven by any type of natural stimulation; (2) units having large cutaneous receptive fields (RFs) and wide dynamic response ranges ("widefield"), and (3) units with smaller RFs and varied properties ("other"). Widefield units with bilaterally symmetrical and asymmetrical RFs were observed. Co-stimulation of different portions of an excitatory RF produced summation of the unit response. Inhibitory RF components were identified in one third of the widefield units. Unit recordings after spinal tract lesions revealed that the afferent input passed via the ipsilateral lateral and/or ventral funiculi. Widefield unit responses to somatosensory stimuli could be inhibited by dorsal column conditioning stimulation. Several "other" units resembled widefield units, while a second group had small RFs restricted to the C2 dermatome. Possible functional roles of the projecting C2 neurons in somatosensory and non specific systems are discussed. PMID- 701489 TI - Distribution of the crossed olivocochlear bundle in the chinchilla's cochlea. AB - The efferent crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB) was transected in the brain stem of the chinchilla, and the animals sacrificed 7 to 96 days later. Electron microscopy revealed that all the large efferent nerve endings on outer hair cells in the basalmost 2 mm (round window region) of the cochlea had degenerated, 87.5% in the remainder of the first turn, 70% in the second turn and 43% in the third turn. Only a few degenerating nerve fibers were seen in the medial spiral tract (inner spiral and tunnel bundles) of the experimental animals. Nerve fibers were counted in the medial spiral tracts of the cochleas of control animals as well as in those animals whose COCB had been transected. There were considerable individual variations in the fiber numbers, and statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the numbers of nerve fibers in normal and experimental animals. The cochlear microphonics (CM) and nerve action potentials (AP) of acute animals were assessed before and after COCB section. The CM and AP of the chronic experimental animals were compared with responses from normals. Overall, no changes in a physiological response of the anesthetized chinchilla could be attributed to complete section of the COCB. PMID- 701490 TI - Differential projections of cat medullary raphe neurons demonstrated by retrograde labelling following spinal cord lesions. AB - Neurons of the medullary raphe nuclei in cats were retrogradely labelled following injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the L6 spinal cord segment. Brainstems were cut in sagittal section to facilitate examination of the rostral-caudal extent of raphe neurons projecting to the spinal cord. Large numbers of HRP-labelled neurons were found in nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus raphe pallidus, and nucleus raphe obscurus (as well as a few neurons in nucleus raphe pontis). Dorsal or ventral hemisections at the T12-L1 level restricted HRP retrograde transport to those pathways within the intact portion of spinal cord, allowing a determination of the part of the cord through which raphe neurons project to the lumbar enlargement. Neurons of nucleus raphe magnus were found to project primarily in dorsolateral fasciculus. A significant number of neurons of nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis also project in dorsolateral fasciculus. Nucleus raphe obscurus neurons were found to project primarily in ventral funiculus, while nucleus raphe pallidus neurons project in the ventrolateral fasciculi and ventral funiculus. The serotonergic (5HT) fibers described by Dahlstrom and Fuxe ('65) to terminate in the dorsal horn, intermediolateral cell column, and ventral horn are likely to coincide with the raphe-spinal projections documented in this work. PMID- 701491 TI - The synaptic terminations of certain midbrain-olivary fibers in the opossum. AB - The nuclear origin and distribution of midbrain-olivary fibers has been described in a previous study utilizing axonal transport techniques (Linauts and Martin, '78a). The present report extends their results to the electron microscopic level and details the postsynaptic distribution of such fibers. Lesions within the ventral periaqueductal grey and adjacent tegmentum, the red nucleus or the nucleus subparafascicularis result in electron dense axon terminals within the olive at survival times of 48, 72 and 96 hours. At 72 hours, many degenerating presynaptic profiles shrink, become irregular in shape and are totally or partially surrounded by glial processes. The principal olivary nucleus contains the majority of these profiles. However, the subparafascicular terminals are more abundant in the rostral and intermediate parts of the medial accessory nucleus and the rubral terminals are concentrated within the dorsal lamella of the principal nucleus. The nuclear location of the degenerating terminals was determined by examination of 1 micrometer plastic sections cut in the transverse plane from each block face prior to thin sectioning. Degenerating terminals were counted in three cases, one from each of the three lesion sites described above. When taken together these cases show that just over 50% of the degenerating terminals are presynaptic to spiny appendages and are located within the synaptic clusters (glomeruli) described previously (King, '76). The percentage of degenerating terminals in the glomeruli increases to 70% when the lesion is in the ventral periaqueductal grey and adjacent tegmentum. The remaining degenerating terminals contact dendritic shafts outside the astrocytic boundaries of the synaptic clusters. The synpatic vesicle populations within the degenerating terminals vary with the location of the lesion. Lesions in the ventral periaqueductal grey and the adjacent tegmentum result in the degeneration of terminals with either clear spherical vesicles or endings with both clear spherical vesicles and a variable number of large dense core vesicles. In contrast, the primary degenerative changes that occur after destruction of the red nucleus or the nucleus subparafascicularis are in terminals with clear spherical vesicles. When the synaptic complex was present in the plane of section, regardless of the site of the lesion, the degenerating terminals could be classified as Gray's type I. Thus, we have demonstrated that afferents from the mesencephalon terminate within synpatic clusters located in the principal and medial accessory (part A) subnuclei of the inferior olive. Although the mesencephalic afferents have multiple origins (Linauts and Martin, '78a), many of their synaptic terminals contact spiny appendages within the synaptic clusters. This postsynaptic site also receives cerebellar terminals (King et al., '76). The origin of presynaptic profiles within the synaptic clusters that contain clear pleomorphlic vesicles is yet to be determined. PMID- 701493 TI - The organization of the hippocampus of the fence lizard: a light microscopic study. AB - The hippocampus of the fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) is composed of two laminated regions that are readily distinguishable on the basis of position and perikaryal size in Nissl preparations: the small-celled (Hsc) and the large celled (Hlc) hippocampal divisions. Based upon cellular and fibrillar characteristics, the layers of the Hsc are: (1) the superficial plexiform layer; (2) the cellular layer; (3) the deep plexiform layer; (4) the layer of deep fibers, or alveus; and, (5) the ventricular ependyma. The layers of the Hlc are: (1) the tangential layer; (2) the molecular layer; (3) the pyramidal layer; (4) the deep plexiform layer; (5) the alveus; and, (6) the ventricular ependyma. The neurons of each hippocampal layer were grouped into classes based upon somal position and appearance, and dentritic and axonal arborization patterns in Golgi sections. Neurons of the Hsc are more numerous and pleomorphic than those of the Hlc. Data do not suggest an intrinsic organization that closely parallels that found in the mammalian hippocampus. PMID- 701492 TI - Experimental studies on the ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rat. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been demonstrated ultrastructurally in neurons of the arcuate nucleus and associated with fibers in the arcuate nucleus neuropil and the median eminence (ME) of the rat. In addition, the effects of neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment and Halasz deafferentation on the AChE staining and localization have been studied. Neonatal MSG-treatment resulted in loss of the majority of AChE-positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus while leaving neuropil staining intact. Halasz deafferentation caused a loss of arcuate neuropil activity while leaving the neuronal staining unaltered. These observations are consistent with previous biochemical results suggesting the existence of a cholinergic tuberoinfundibular system with nerve cells in the arcuate nucleus and terminals in the median eminence. In addition, the deafferentation experiments indicated that extra-hypothalamic cholinergic fibers may innervate the arcuate nucleus. Supporting evidence from other biochemical studies and the curious paucity of histochemical and biochemical AChE activity in the ME are also discussed. PMID- 701494 TI - Development of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the cat. AB - The development of the lateral geniculate nucleus has been studied systematically in Nissl preparations from a series of cats that ranged in age from newborn to adult. In addition, preliminary observations are reported at two stages of fetal development. It was found that laminae develop in the lateral geniculate nucleus near the time of birth and continue to differentiate during the first postnatal week. During development the major axis of the lateral geniculate rotates approximately 180 degrees in the sagittal plane. The rotation begins prenatally and is not completed until after the twentieth postnatal week. The volume of the lateral geniculate was computed at different ages and it was determined that during the first postnatal month the nucleus attains two-thirds of its adult size. However, the rate of growth declines markedly thereafter, and final volume, like final position, is not achieved until late in development. The cross sectional areas of lateral geniculate neurons were measured at four locations in the nucleus in each animal. The locations represented the following parts of the visual field: the paracentral and inferior peripheral fields in the binocular segment of lamina A; the monocular segment of lamina A; and the paracentral field in lamina A1. Neurons in each of these locations grow at approximately the same rate and are essentially fully grown by 56 days. Cell size histograms show that more large cells are found in lamina A1 and more small cells in the monocular segment than elsewhere in the dorsal laminae. Unlike the retina, there appears not to be a gradient of development in the lateral geniculate nucleus from center to periphery, at least in terms of cell body size at the ages studied. On the contrary, that part of the lateral geniculate nucleus which represents the paracentral visual field is the last segment in the dorsal laminae to achieve a mature cell size distribution. Finally, a discrete class of small spindle-shaped neurons was observed in the lateral geniculate nucleus ventral and caudal to the C laminae during the first two postnatal weeks. These cells possess a leading and trailing cytoplasmic process and are distinctly different from cells in the main laminae. It is suggested that these spindle-shaped cells may be neurons that are still in the process of migration or differentiation in the postnatal animal. PMID- 701495 TI - The olivocerebellar projection in the cat studied with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. VII. The projection to lobulus simplex, crus I and II. AB - The olivocerebellar projection to lobulus simplex, crus I and II in the cat was investigated by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The distribution of labeled cells in the inferior olive following HRP injections in lobulus simplex, crus I and II confirmed the findings by Brodal ('40b) that the rostral half of the principal olive projects to these areas of the cerebellar hemisphere. However, concerning details there are some differences in so far as the heaviest contribution to crus I comes from the medial parts of the ventral and dorsal lamella, that to crus II from its lateral part, especially the ventral bend. The present findings show that in addition the rostral part of the medial and the rostromedial part of the dorsal accessory olive project to these areas of the cerebellar cortex. Further details in the projection are shown in figure 8B. The findings agree fairly well with the electrophysiological results of Armstrong et al. ('74) and the experimental anatomical data of Groenewegen and Voogd ('77a,b). An attempt is made to correlate the findings with the pattern of longitudinal zonal subdivision of the cerebellum. There is evidence for a topical organization within the projection to crus I and II and parts of their projection areas in the principal olive. The distribution of the labeled cells which project to lobulus simplex, crus I and II is discussed in relation to afferent pathways to the inferior olive. PMID- 701496 TI - Computer assisted tomography in primary malignant lymphomas of the brain. AB - Computer assisted tomography (CAT) data from 10 patients with histologically verified primary malignant lymphomas of the brain are reported. Studies both prior to and after contrast medium administration were done on nine patients. In all these patients, tumor nodules presented with slightly increased density in the precontrast scan and considerable contrast enhancement. The appearance of malignant lymphomas in the CAT scan may be similar to that of meningiomas. Pituitary adenoma, medulloblastoma, and metastasis of malignant melanoma may not be ruled out in a particular case from the CAT picture alone. Blurred margin of the tumor after contrast enhancement was found in half the patients. Diffusely growing malignant lymphomas produce low density areas in the CAT scan without contrast medium uptake. PMID- 701498 TI - Computed tomography of the optic nerve: part I. Normal results. AB - In vivo visualization of the optic nerve (ON) by computed tomography (CT) has important clinical applications, both realized and potential. An accurate CT analysis of the ON is, however, hampered by a number of technical limitations. Sinuosity and gaze-shift-related motility of the ON tend to increase the difficulties of demonstrating in a consistently satisfactory fashion this anatomical structure. Nevertheless, if rigid imaging criteria are followed, adequate visualization of the ON may be attained in the majority of patients. Simultaneous visualization of the ON and the eyeball permits establishment of a neuroocular index for clinical use. PMID- 701497 TI - Computed tomography in primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. AB - Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain is a rare lesion characterized clinically by varied nonspecific neurologic deficits and usually a rapid fulminant deterioration and death. This course may be altered by radiotherapy, and early diagnosis assumes major importance. Laboratory tests, EEG, radionuclide scans, angiography, and pneumoencephalography may not show definite abnormality in the early stages. This report concerns four cases in which good correlation between the location of the brain lesion and the abnormality on computed tomography scan was demonstrated. PMID- 701499 TI - Computed tomography of the optic nerve: part II. Size and shape modifications in papilledema. AB - Increase in the caliber and course tortuosity of the optic nerve (ON) can be demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) in cases of papilledema due to intracranial tumors, hydrocephalus, pseudotumor cerebri, and other conditions causing increased intracranial pressure. The enlargement of the ON in these conditions is generally bilateral, although one of the nerves, usually of the side of the tumoral pathology, may be thicker. Enlargement on the ON may also be demonstrated by CT in papilledema due to optic neuritis. Occasionally, the thickened ON also display increased attenuation coefficient values. PMID- 701500 TI - White matter of the cerebellum demonstrated by computed tomography: normal anatomy and physical principles. AB - Although computed tomography (CT) delineation of normal white matter of the cerebral hemispheres has been well documented, there has been no description of white matter within the cerebellum. Through the use of phantom studies, CT number correlations between cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres, and anatomic correlation with in vitro specimens, the ability to visualize cerebellar white matter is demonstrated. Thin sections decrease volume averaging and enable consistent imaging of these structures. Size and shape of the corpus medullaris on CT scan may vary with the scan angle and level of section. Representative examples of various normal appearances are illustrated. PMID- 701501 TI - Computed tomography in surgical pancreatic emergencies. AB - The findings observed with computed tomography (CT) in such pancreatic emergencies as necrotic-hemorrhagic pancreatitis, pancreatic abscess, broken pseudocyst, and pancreatic ascites with mediastinitis are presented. The value of CT in these conditions, which often require surgical intervention, is discussed. Computed tomography appears to be the ideal diagnostic procedure, especially for surgical treatment planning in pancreatic abscess. No deaths occurred in a group of pancreatic abscesses treated surgically with CT assistance. PMID- 701502 TI - Localization of the head of the pancreas using the junction of the left renal vein and the inferior vena cava. AB - The junction of the left renal vein with the inferior vena cava is visualized on most computed tomography studies of the abdomen. This junction is a useful guide in localizing the pancreatic head, just as the superior mesenteric artery is used to localize the body of the pancreas. PMID- 701503 TI - Absence of thoracic osteophytosis in the area adjacent to the aorta: computed tomography demonstration. AB - Computed tomography of the chest shows that right-sided unilateral thoracic osteophytosis is a common phenomenon. The cross-sectional images obtained appear to support the thesis that aortic pulsations have a preventive effect on the formation of left-sided osteophytes. PMID- 701504 TI - Internal structures of the knee visualized by computed tomography. AB - The internal structures of specimens of the knee can be visualized by computed tomography, although visualization is directly dependent on a thin (3 mm) scan in the coronal or sagittal plane with air used as a contrast agent. PMID- 701505 TI - Standardization of computed tomography images by means of a material-selective beam hardening correction. AB - Polychromaticity of the X-rays used in computed tomography (CT) has made it difficult to establish an absolute scale for CT values and has made quantitative comparisons between patients unreliable. The spectral shift of the X-rays depends on the material distribution within the structure measured and is significant if substantial amounts of bone, fat, or injected contrast material are present. A material-selective beam hardening correction procedure has been developed that allows the reconstruction of good approximations of linear attenuation coefficients with respect to a reference energy. With the aid of mathematical simulations and measurements on a physical phantom, the feasibility of the procedure and its insensitivity with regard to energy settings and other machine parameters are documented. PMID- 701506 TI - Computer reconstructed sagittal and coronal computed tomography head scans: clinical applications. AB - Recent technical advances to computed tomography (CT) have enabled evaluation of the head in multiple planes. A technique that utilizes computer reconstruction of data from 3 mm contiguous transverse scans to display images in sagittal and coronal planes is described. The clinical usefulness of this technique is discussed and illustrative cases are presented. Multiple plane CT evaluation has proven a valuable adjunct to axial plane CT scanning, which can provide better definition of the extent of lesions, facilitate treatment, and improve diagnostic accuracy in many cases. PMID- 701507 TI - Effective atomic number and electron density as measured with a computed tomography scanner: computation and correlation with brain tumor histology. AB - The mathematical basis and methodology for determining the effective atomic number and electron density of a tissue are presented. Cranial computed tomography (CT) scanning is performed at two different energy levels, both with and without contrast enhancement. The histology of 15 brain tumors has been correlated with the effective atomic number and electron density of the tumor, with parameters of the linear attenuation coefficient, and with statistical values of the CT numbers. The most useful value in separating gliomas from meningiomas from metastases appears to be the percentage change of effective atomic number following contrast enhancement. PMID- 701508 TI - Case report: computed tomography in the diagnosis of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. AB - A case of primary central nervous system lymphoma is presented with characteristics shown by computed tomography (CT) closely resembling those of the only other case reported in the literature. The combination of the arteriographic and CT appearances suggests the diagnosis of this radiosensitive group of tumors. PMID- 701509 TI - Case report: computed tomography of cystadenoma of the pancreas. AB - Cystadenoma is an unusual pancreatic tumor characterized by large-sized polycystic components. It is located totally within the pancreas and may cause retroperitoneal collateral venous return. These characteristics can be easily visualized by computed tomography, thus making it a very effective modality in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. PMID- 701510 TI - Case report: computed tomography in the diagnosis of spinal cord astrocytoma. PMID- 701511 TI - Case report: hydatid disease of the liver evaluated by computed tomography. PMID- 701512 TI - Case report: echinococcal cyst of the liver seen on computed tomography. AB - A case of a single, large noncalcified echinococcal cyst of the liver demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) and verified at surgery is presented. To our knowledge, no previous CT pictorial display of such a lesion has been reported in the literature. The cyst appears as a radiolucent, sharply demarcated lesion of water density. PMID- 701513 TI - A simple method of localizing the level of computed tomography cross sectioning. AB - Before computed tomography (CT) scanning, a preliminary radiograph of the area of interest is obtained with a Bell-Thompson ruler on the table top parallel to the spine. This allows precise localization of the level of CT sectioning in relation to the vertebral column. PMID- 701514 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal lipomatosis. AB - Mediastinal abnormalities can present a challenging differential diagnosis. One of the many causes of superior mediastinal widening is excess deposition of fat or mediastinal lipomatosis. Mediastinal widening was evaluated by routine chest radiography, conventional tomography, and computed tomography in four patients with steroid induced Cushing's syndrome or simple obesity. Computed tomography was the only modality that definitively diagnosed mediastinal lipomatosis in each case. PMID- 701515 TI - Evaluation of abdominal abscess with computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is valuable in providing a specific diagnosis of abdominal abscess and in determining its site and extent. Computed tomography is also capable of excluding an abscess with a high degree of certainty. In 31 of 34 patients with proven abdominal abscess, CT suggested the correct diagnosis and accurately defined the extent of involvement. In nine patients, the CT findings were specific for abscess. The CT appearance of abscess is diverse, largely depending on its location. The most common appearance is a low density mass often with higher density at the periphery. The presence of gas distributed within the mass or an extraalimentary air--fluid level allows an extremely confident diagnosis of abscess. Differential diagnostic possibilities are reviewed with emphasis on interpretive problems. PMID- 701516 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of the solitary or unilateral nonfunctioning kidney. AB - Computed tomography (CT) using the EMI CT5000/5005 scanner was performed on 14 patients with a solitary functioning kidney demonstrated by other radiological investigations. Examinations before and after intravenous injection of contrast material have been undertaken. In the majority of cases, the patients were referred as a "nonfunctioning kidney" following excretion urography. Other referrals included previous nephrectomy or solitary kidneys. In all cases, the CT scan made possible the definitive diagnosis. The diagnosis included unsuspected hydronephrosis, vestigial kidney, contracted kidney secondary to chronic pyelonephritis and calculus, recurrence of a hypernephroma, and lymphomatous infiltration. Valuable information was obtained about the vascular pedicle, the renal collecting systems, the perinephric space, and the retroperitoneal space including the paraaortic lymph nodes. Furthermore, the increased sensitivity of the technique in detecting lower concentrations of iodine provided information regarding renal function. It is concluded that the noninvasive nature of CT makes it a valuable adjunct in the further investigation of such patients. PMID- 701517 TI - Computed tomographic patterns of pulmonary thromboembolism and infarction. AB - A wedge shaped pulmonary density with its broad base against a peripheral pleural surface and with its tip pointing to the parahilar area is suggestive of pulmonary infarction. This pattern can be shown more often with computed tomography (CT) scanning than in plain chest X-ray films. In 16 patients with clinical evidence of pulmonary thromboembolism, often corroborated by diagnostic procedures other than CT, a variety of CT patterns of increased attenuation were noted. In seven (44%) of these cases, a distinct wedge shaped appearance was observed. PMID- 701518 TI - Lack of visualization of the portal venous tree in cirrhosis of the liver: a computed tomography finding with possible diagnostic significance. AB - During computed tomography (CT) scanning of the liver, the inferior vena cava can be identified as a separate structure of lesser density adjacent to the caudate lobe in two-thirds of patients without known hepatocellular disease. In patients with alcoholic (portal) cirrhosis of moderate to severe degree, intrahepatic portal veins may not be identified on CT scans, even though their inferior vena cavas can be definitely distinguished from the caudate lobe. Portal cirrhosis causes distortion and obliteration of the portal triads, which is presumably reflected by lack of visualization of intrahepatic portal veins during CT scanning. PMID- 701519 TI - Computer tomography of the larynx. AB - Evaluation of computed tomography of the normal larynx has been performed utilizing corresponding tomographic and anatomic planes. The transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes have been evaluated. While all three planes have distinct potential diagnostic value, the transaxial plane offers a unique view of laryngeal structures not afforded by any other technique. It is hoped that diagnostic criteria developed in this study will prove applicable to the evaluation of clinical laryngeal disease. PMID- 701520 TI - Computed tomography in olfactory neuroblastoma: one case of esthesioneuroepithelioma and four cases of esthesioneuroblastoma. AB - Five cases of histologically confirmed olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastomas) have been studied by computed tomography (CT). Both the clinical symptoms (in particular, unilateral nasal obstruction and recurring epistaxis) and radiological findings (opacity of the paranasal sinuses) are nonspecific. Computed tomography shows a contrast enhancing mass-lesion and is more useful than conventional tomography in estimating its extension and the associated bone destruction, secondary reaction of sinusitis, and tumoral calcification. In the two cases in which the tumor was associated with exophthalmos, CT demonstrated that the muscular cone acts as a barrier preventing tumoral invasion. In cases wtih intracranial involvement, it appears that the attenuation values can be useful for differentiating between invasion by contiguity (two cases) versus metastasis (one case). Computed tomography is valuable in the follow-up and during and after radiotherapy of the tumor. PMID- 701521 TI - Intracranial pearly tumors: the roles of computed tomography, angiography, and pneumoencephalography. AB - The findings is computed tomography (CT) and other radiological examinations in nine histologically proven cases of intracranial pearly tumors are presented. The CT findings include a low density lesion with no enhancement after contrast medium injection and in some cases a lesser degree of mass effect than would be expected from the size and site of such lesions. Pneumoencephalography is superior to CT in detecting suprasellar pearly tumors when they are isodense with the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 701522 TI - Computer assisted tomography in experimentally induced orbital pseudotumor. AB - Induction of an entity that is comparable to pseudotumor of the orbit in humans has been performed successfully in the rabbit. Injection of a retrobulbar antigen in a previously sensitized rabbit produced a profound inflammatory mass. Proptosis, soft tissue swelling, and an orbital mass effect were grossly visible after a short interval. Computer assisted tomography disclosed dense orbital mass and uveoscleral thickening. Exenteration specimens confirmed as inflammatory cell mass similar to the histology associated with pseudotumor of the human orbit. PMID- 701523 TI - Bismuth encephalopathy and cerebral computed tomography. AB - Five cases of severe encephalopathy due to chronic ingestion of bismuth have been studied by cerebral computed tomography (CT). In every case, areas of increased attenuation coefficient in the basal ganglia and the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres were demonstrated. These regions of increased attenuation were diffuse with irregular, patchy denser areas. The increased attenuation in the gray matter territories contrasted with decreased attenuation of the white matter, particularly evident in the centrum semiovale of each hemisphere and probably related to edema. Some ventricular dilatation was also present in three cases. In one patient, areas of increased attenuation were demonstrated in the cerebellum. Follow-up CT studies of one patient revealed regression of the pathological findings. This regression accompanied the clinical improvement, which, in every case, followed the termination of the bismuth intake. PMID- 701525 TI - Cranial computed tomography findings in xeroderma pigmentosum with neurologic manifestations (De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome). AB - Computed tomography (CT) scans in two young patients with xeroderma pigmentosum with neurologic manifestations (De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome) showed ventricular dilatation and cerebral cortical atrophy. The brainstem appeared small. In addition, an abnormal thickening of the calvarial bones was noted in both patients. These CT findings of the brain were compared with the neuropathologic features of this syndrome reported in the literature. PMID- 701524 TI - Computed tomography in leptomeningeal spread of tumor. AB - Computed tomography proved insensitive to leptomeningeal spread of hematologic malignancies including leukemia, lymphoma, and malignant histiocytosis. In only 3% of patients did it directly demonstrate leptomeningeal tumor. In comparison, the detection rate of leptomeningeal tumor secondary to carcinoma was 44% and for melanoma, 100%. Intracranial subarachnoid seeding from primary brain gliomas was detected in each instance. The simultaneous presence of parenchymal metastases with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurred in 18% of patients with nonhematologic malignancies. Computed tomography evidence of communicating hydrocephalus, previously thought to be a major factor in clinical symptomatology, occurred in only 11% of patients. PMID- 701526 TI - Computer assisted tomography of unoperated subdural hematoma: short- and long term follow-up. AB - Six recent and six long-term follow-up patients with subdural hematoma studied by computer assisted tomography are reported. This method was used to demonstrate progressive resolution of the hematoma in five of the recent patients as well as enlargement of the hematoma in one of the patients who subsequently was sent to surgery. Computer assisted tomography was also used to demonstrate absence of subdural hematoma in long-term follow-up of unoperated patients. The possible difficulty in visualizing an isodense subdural hematoma is discussed, as is the use of additional coronal views to improve subdural detection. PMID- 701527 TI - Noise limitations in X-ray computed tomography. AB - A lower bound for the statistical accuracy in X-ray computed tomography, which, under certain conditions, is independent of the reconstruction algorithm, is derived. An evaluation of this bound indicates that little improvement is possible over the performance of the convolutional algorithm. PMID- 701528 TI - Polychromatic streak artifacts in computed tomography images. AB - A series of artifacts in computed tomography (CT) images, consisting of streaks coming off edges and flares surrounding the object being scanned, is shown to be due to polychromaticity of the X-ray beam. These artifacts are seldom seen on conventional CT brain scans. They are helpful in understanding artifacts such as those seen around the petrous bone of the skull. Following this, a comparison is made between "single energy" and "dual energy" correction schemes for poly artifacts. The theoretical assumptions underlying either method are analyzed, and the importance of these concepts in dual energy reconstructions is stressed. A new test phantom is suggested to evaluate different poly-correction schemes. All the simulated projection data in this study are noise free and are reconstructed using an industrial convolution-back projection technique. In addition, reconstructions are shown of the phantom using real data taken with and without a water bag path length compensator. PMID- 701529 TI - Nuclear scattering radiography of the spine and sphenoid bone. AB - Nuclear scattering radiographs of a portion of a spine and a sphenoid bone have been obtained using a 1 GeV proton beam. The ability of the method to yield three dimensional representations is illustrated by three series of adjacent pictures corresponding to the three orthogonal planes (elementary volume: 5.2 mm3 and 0.9 mm3). The sensitivity of the method is discussed. Nuclear scattering radiographs are compared with ones obtained by conventional X-ray tomography and computed tomography. Nuclear scattering radiography also may be used to analyze the partition of hydrogen within the tissures. Hydrogen radiographs obtained in this way are shown. PMID- 701530 TI - Ruptured teratoid tumor in the pineal region. AB - Distinctive plain X-ray and computer assisted tomography (CAT) findings led to the diagnosis in a case of teratoma in the pineal region and helped avoid invasive investigations. The demonstration by CAT of the location and size of the tumor as well as the presence of marked hydrocephalus directed the patient's therapy to ventriculoperitoneal shunting and radiation. PMID- 701531 TI - Computed tomography of anatomic specimens. AB - To obtain high quality computed tomographic (CT) images of specimens, the specimens must be submerged in water and immobilized. We describe a simple, effective technique for imaging brain specimens in various CT scanners. Anatomic sections that correspond exactly to the plane of the CT image may be obtained PMID- 701532 TI - Chromomycosis. AB - Chromomycosis is a general term to express human and animal fungal infections caused by members of the family Dematiaceae (dark brown or black fungi). Unique host-parasite relationships produce a wide spectrum of clinical disease, sometimes difficult to treat. Four major categories are recognized: 1) Superficial Chromomycosis--A pigmented macule produced by fungus inhabiting exclusively the dead horny layer (stratum corneum) of the skin, as in tinea nigra palmaris. 2) Chromoblastomycosis--A verrucous, slow growing nodule or plaque produced by fungi, characteristically and exclusively present as large brown spherical bodies (chromo bodies) in the dermis. 3) Chromohyphomycosis--A dermal nodule produced by fungi displaying typical brown septated hyphae. Rarely, the fungus may appear as a yeast. It may occur in deeper tissues, i.e., muscles, bone and brain or it may also involve the eye (Keratomycosis). 4) Chromomycetoma- Tumefaction, draining sinuses and presence of colony of organisms as "grain". Dematiaceae are found more frequently in veterinary than in human medicine. PMID- 701533 TI - Surface architecture of X-irradiated hair follicles. AB - The combined use of scanning electron-microscopy and chemical separation of epidermis permitted the study of the irradiated and normal hair follicle surface characteristics. Irradiation reduced the length and density of the hair follicles, producing at the same time marked alterations and deformities of the individual follicles. As most of these changes were dose- and time-dependent, these structures, studied by these techniques, provide an interesting model as biological indicators of radiation dose. PMID- 701534 TI - Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. AB - Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFNN) developed in a 1-week-old black boy. His mother had received numerous medications for eclampsia. Birth was by Caesarean section and complicated by meconium aspiration. There were numerous nodules over the back, buttocks and extremities that yielded a caseous-like material. Microscopically, these nodules showed crystallization and necrosis of the fat. Hypoglycemia, pneumonia, oliguria, thrombocytopenia, seizures and urinary infection were associated with the cutaneous problem and led to a fatal outcome 2 weeks after birth. PMID- 701535 TI - Reiter's syndrome, immunodepression and strongyloidiasis. Report of a fatal case. AB - We present the case of a 52-year-old white male who showed arthritis, conjunctivitis and non-gonococcal urethritis. Besides those manifestations, the patient also showed mucocutaneous lesions that were both clinically and histologically indistinguishable from those of pustular psoriasis. Due to the severity of the disease it was necessary to treat this patient with corticosteroids and immunosuppressors. With this therapy the clinical manifestations of Reiter's Syndrome disappeared but sudden abdominal and bronchopulmonary symptoms complicated the picture and the patient died in a septical shock. The autopsy findings revealed massive Strongyloidiasis with the presence of larvae in several organs, particularly in the intestinal wall, the lungs and the liver. PMID- 701536 TI - Oral candidiasis. PMID- 701537 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of rate casein proteins. AB - Casein was isolated from rat milk by high speed centrifugation. Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of the whole casein yielded three major protein zones designated C.1, C.2, and C.3 in order of their decreasing electrophoretic mobility in the alkaline system. Zone 3 subsequently contained two possibly related bands, C.3.1 and C.3.2. The presence of phosphate in all four zones was indicated by staining and conformed by phosphorus-32 labeling studies. A glycoprotein character was indicated by all zones. Separation of the constituents of rat casein by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose ion exchange chromatography yielded the same four major protein entities. Three milk-specific phosphoproteins unique to rat whey cluted from such columns in the same general region as the casein constituents but appear to be otherwise unrelated to the four major components of micellar casein. Gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate systems yielded apparent molecular weight estimates of approximately 24,000 for C.1, 38,000 for C.2, and 28,000 for c.3.1 and c.3.2. PMID- 701538 TI - Comparison between tail vein and jugular vein cannulation in cattle. AB - Blood samples obtained simultaneously from the jugular and tail (coccygeal) veins during induction of bovine mastitis infection and after administration of 250 IU of adrenocorticotropin did not differ in percentage of hematocrit, concentration of total corticosteroid in plasma, or concentrations of total circulating erythrocytes and leukocytes. Patency of the tail vein cannula was maintained for 1 mo. Tail vein cannulation is a practical alternative to jugular cannulation in cattle. PMID- 701540 TI - Avoidance--approach: the fifth basic conflict. PMID- 701539 TI - Illusory correlation: a further exploration of Chapman's paradigm. PMID- 701541 TI - Effective ingredients in psychotherapy: prediction of outcome from process variables. PMID- 701542 TI - Comparison of linear and configural MMPI diagnostic methods with an uncontaminated criterion. PMID- 701543 TI - Sum of MMPI scales F, 4, and 9 as a measure of aggression. PMID- 701544 TI - Skill training with alcoholics. PMID- 701545 TI - Evaluating alcoholism treatment programs: an integrated approach. PMID- 701546 TI - Therapist experience, general clinical ability, and treatment outcome in schizophrenia. PMID- 701547 TI - An MMPI scale to separate brain-damaged from functional psychiatric patients in neuropsychiatric settings. PMID- 701548 TI - "Biosyntonic" therapy: modification of an operant conditioning approach to pedophilia. PMID- 701549 TI - Female criminal violence and differential MMPI characteristics. PMID- 701550 TI - Turning on or turning off: sensation seeking or tension reduction as motivational determinants of alcohol use. PMID- 701551 TI - Therapist and client perceptions of alternative roles for the facilitative conditions. PMID- 701552 TI - Positive versus negative self-monitoring in the self-control of smoking. PMID- 701553 TI - Changes in preferences for male and female counselors. PMID- 701555 TI - Correlations and factor analysis of the WISC-R and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test for an adolescent psychiatric sample. PMID- 701554 TI - Psychophysiology of fear imagery: differences between focal phobia and social performance anxiety. PMID- 701556 TI - Suicide and transparency responses on the Rorschach: a replication. PMID- 701557 TI - Premorbid social competence construct generalizability across ethmic groups: path analyses with two premorbid social competence components. PMID- 701558 TI - Effects of the sex of both interviewer and subject on reported manifest dream content. PMID- 701559 TI - Androgyny and self-esteem in the upper-middle class: a replication of Spence. PMID- 701560 TI - Personality traits and environmental variables as independent predictors of posthospitalization outcome. PMID- 701561 TI - Rorschach developmental level and intelligence factors. PMID- 701562 TI - Life event scales: psychophysical training and rating dimension effects on event weighting coefficients. PMID- 701563 TI - Mood, pleasant events, and unpleasant events: two pilot studies. PMID- 701564 TI - Cognitive and personality factors in suicidal behavior. PMID- 701565 TI - Relationships between WISC-R factors, wide-range achievement test scores, and visual-motor maturation in children referred for psychological evaluation. PMID- 701566 TI - Freedom of choice and behavioral change. PMID- 701567 TI - Sex and worker acceptance of a former mental patient. PMID- 701568 TI - Prospects for faking believable deficits on neuropsychological testing. PMID- 701569 TI - Validity of self-reports in three populations of alcoholics. PMID- 701570 TI - Drug preferences of multiple drug abusers. PMID- 701571 TI - Neuropsychological stability in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 701572 TI - Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey. PMID- 701573 TI - Young adult schizophrenics: prediction of outcome and antecedent childhood factors. PMID- 701574 TI - Blood alcohol level discrimination by alcoholics: the role of internal and external cues. PMID- 701575 TI - Cuban value structure: treatment implications. PMID- 701576 TI - Personality characteristics of long-term recovered alcoholics: a comparative analysis. PMID- 701577 TI - Cognitive preparation and coping self-talk: anxiety management during the stress of flying. PMID- 701578 TI - Vicarious anxiety: a systematic evaluation of a vicarious threat to self-esteem. PMID- 701579 TI - The many faces of solar keratoses. PMID- 701580 TI - Surgical gems: a file system for photographs of surgical operations. PMID- 701581 TI - The nasolabial flap for reconstruction of the alae nasi. AB - Cicatrizing basal-cell carcinomas, especially in the area of the alae nasi, require radical therapeutic treatment. Surgical removal, therefore, often results in penetrating defects. The nasolabial flap is recommended in such cases as a relatively simple operative method of reconstructing the lateral part of the nose. This technique offers favorable results in a curative and esthetic respect. PMID- 701582 TI - Treatment of an epithelioma cuniculatum plantare by local excision and a plantar skin flap. AB - Differentiation between benign and malignant lesions on the plantar surfaces is sometimes clinically impossible and requires biopsy. A case of epithelioma cuniculatum plantare is reported that was futilely treated for years as a plantar wart and then upon proper diagnosis was successfully treated by complete excision and rotation of a flap of plantar skin. PMID- 701583 TI - Editorial blues X. PMID- 701584 TI - Surgical gems: the "little" curet. PMID- 701585 TI - Foot notes: an atlas of selected neoplasms on the feet (part one). PMID- 701586 TI - Management of alopecia of the scalp by a combination of excisions and transplantations. AB - Since the number of grafts that are available in any given patient is a fixed quantity, significant benefits may be derived by surgically reducing the size of the area of alopecia in combination with prior and later punch hair transplantation. This paper outlines and describes techniques of excisions that achieve such reductions. PMID- 701587 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine: "Malaria". PMID- 701588 TI - Beads of a dextran polymer for the local treatment of cutaneous ulcers. AB - A new polymer of dextran in the form of beads, 0.1 to 0.3 mm in diameter, was applied topically to 39 cutaneous ulcers of various causes. The material, which is powerfully hydrophilic, promptly absorbed serous and purulent exudate from the surfaces of the ulcers. This action decreased the bacterial load and prevented crust formation. Healthy granulation tissue then developed quickly in many ulcers and healing time seemed to be shorter in some cases. The exudate-absorbing capability of the beads of dextran was particularly beneficial in ulcers that had uneven surfaces, undercut margins, and sinus tracts. Complete healing was achieved in some of these cases that had previously resisted many kinds of treatment. The most important undesirable effect of the beads of dextran is their tendency to dehydrate the bases of ulcers too much, which slows or stops healing in some cases. This effect may be overcome by alternating applications of the material with hydrating forms of treatment or changing entirely to such treatment when applications of the beads has removed all exudate from the ulcers. No allergic, irritant, or toxic reaction from the dextran was encountered. PMID- 701590 TI - Differential diagnosis of ulcers on legs of vascular cause. AB - This article reviews the clinical features of the different types of leg ulcers due to vascular insufficiency. Diagnostic tests available to confirm or deny clinical impressions are discussed. PMID- 701589 TI - Multiple vascular anomalies: report of a case. AB - A patient with multiple congenital vascular anomalies is described. The lesions are a nevus flammeus on the face, a nevus anemicus on the trunk, and asymmetric reticulated mottling of a lower extremity that had undergone spontaneous ulceration. The characteristics of these lesions are reviewed and the difficulty of differential diagnosis of the reticulated lesion is discussed. The ulcerations healed after administration of reserpine intraarterially followed by oral administration of phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride. PMID- 701591 TI - Treatment with benzoyl peroxide of ulcers on legs within lesions of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. AB - A lotion of 20% benzoyl peroxide was applied to ulcers on legs from necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. The ulcers healed rapidly and uneventfully, leaving firm, yellow scars. The efficacy and simplicity of use of topical benzoyl peroxide therapy is discussed. PMID- 701592 TI - The healing of wounds in the skin of piglets treated with benzoyl peroxide. AB - Clinical and microscopic changes in the healing of dermal wounds in the skin of piglets that were treated with a 20% benzoyl peroxide lotion were compared with untreated wounds in the same animal. The wounds treated with benzoyl peroxide showed more rapid healing clinically, and a very pronounced foreign-body giant cell infiltrate and very vascular granulation tissue microscopically. It may be that benzoyl peroxide promotes wound healing by attracting macrophages and histiocytes into the wound. PMID- 701593 TI - Management of foot problems in diabetics. PMID- 701594 TI - Social comparison, multiple reference groups, and the self-concepts of academically handicapped children before and after mainstreaming. PMID- 701595 TI - Verbal encoding effects on the visual short-term memory of learning disabled and normal readers. PMID- 701596 TI - Pictures, imagery, and retarded children's prose learning. PMID- 701597 TI - Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale: predicting anxiety experiences and academic performance in two groups of students. PMID- 701598 TI - Sensitivity of paranoid patients to nonverbal cues. PMID- 701599 TI - Defective interhemispheric transfer in schizophrenia. PMID- 701600 TI - Impairment in early stages of visual information processing in nonpsychotic schizotypic individuals. PMID- 701601 TI - Smooth-pursuit eye movements: a comparison of two measurement techniques for studying schizophrenia. PMID- 701602 TI - Internal and external components of emotionality in restrained and unrestrained eaters. PMID- 701603 TI - Differences in MMPI scores of black and white compulsive heroin users. PMID- 701604 TI - Probability of punishment and suppression of behavior in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders. PMID- 701605 TI - Arousal and perceptual sensitivity in hypochondriacs. PMID- 701606 TI - Etiological factor in child maltreatment: a multivariate study of abusing, neglecting, and normal mothers. PMID- 701607 TI - Variables affecting stimulus fading and discriminative responding in psychotic children. PMID- 701608 TI - Comments on autism and stimulus overselectivity. PMID- 701609 TI - Experiential analysis of hypnosis: some new observations on hypnotic phenomena. PMID- 701610 TI - Inconsistencies and anomalies of response as a defining characteristic of hypnosis. PMID- 701611 TI - Speed in test performance in depressed patients. PMID- 701612 TI - Neuroticism and extraversion in Turner's syndrome. PMID- 701613 TI - On the use of comfortable listening levels in speech experiments. AB - In order to investigate the effect of presentation subjects' labeling of speechlike sound patterns, synthetic stimuli were constructed, varying systematically FO contours, VOT, and F2 transitions. These stimuli were presented in random sequences at levels between 15 and 105 dB SPL to subjects with normal hearing. No significant response variation was observed in the range 40--100 dB SPL. Subjects' labeling behavior suddenly breaks down below levels of around 35 dB SPL. The secondary findings of the study are also discussed in terms of different specific processing strategies for different specific speech features. PMID- 701614 TI - Temporal summation of constant and gliding tones at masked auditory threshold. AB - Masked thresholds for constant and gliding tones were determined by the method of adjustment for durations between 0.5 and 5000 ms in three overlapping frequency regions between 0.25 and 3.3 kHz. The masker was a continuous white noise at 70 dB SPL. Listening was monaural; subjects had normal hearing. Below 10 ms the thresholds for upward glides were lower and those for downward glides higher than the thresholds for constant tones. In the 10--300 ms duration range, which encompasses formant transitions of speech, the highest thresholds are for downward glides and the lowest ones for constant tones. These differences could result from different time courses of neural decay and inhibition for constant tones, upward and downward glides. The differences between upward and downward glides indicate that the phase spectra influence sound detectability. The thresholds for constant tones reach minimum around 1 s. The thresholds for glides continue to decrease at least up to 5 s. The "critical" duration for constant tone integration can result from the overriding of integration effects by adaptation effects, the latter ones being eliminated by changing frequency. The curves for constant-tone threshold between 10- and 1000-ms duration were fitted by a product of exponential and hyperbolic functions. PMID- 701615 TI - On the role of spatial and temporal cues in the perception of the pitch of complex tones. AB - This paper describes a new approach to pitch perception. It focuses attention on the slight difference between the pitch of complex tone and the pitch of a pure tone with the same (fundamental) frequency. This approach is based on the assumption that pitch perception is based on both spatial and temporal cue analysis. In this study, the values provided by the temporal cue are calculated from physiological data from the auditory nerve fibers. The possible ratios of the pitch of complex tones relative to the pitch of pure tones at various frequencies are predicted. Psychophysical experimental results strongly support this prediction. In addition, another experiment suggests that the above psychophysical effect is not based upon a mutual masking effect in the spatial domain. PMID- 701616 TI - Responses of fibers in the cat's auditory nerve to the cubic difference tone. PMID- 701617 TI - Adaptation of the acoustic reflex. AB - The characteristics of acoustic reflex adaptation were studied in human subjects. Contralateral stapedial reflex measurements were made by monitoring changes in acoustic conductance and susceptance with a 220-Hz probe. The reflex activators included four tonal stimuli (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) and broadband noise presented for 180 s at 96, 104, and 112 dB SPL. The data are presented as change in acoustic admittance and in percent of maximum admittance change. The static admittance of the ear was found to drift systematically toward lower admittance values in the absence of contralateral stimulation. All stimulus conditions demonstrated some reflex adaptation. The half-life and time of onset of adaptation were found to vary directly with intensity and inversely with frequency. The effects of stimulus parameters on the rates of reflex adaptation are discussed. A previously described exponential model of reflex adaptation provided a reasonable first approximation to the data. PMID- 701618 TI - Chemical composition and biochemical properties of mirlitons (Sechium edule) and purple, green, and white eggplants (Solanum melongena). PMID- 701619 TI - Hemicellulose composition of dietary fiber of milled rice and rice bran. PMID- 701620 TI - Oxazoles and oxazolines in foods. PMID- 701621 TI - Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides in poultry: a review. PMID- 701622 TI - Distribution of aflatoxin and/or zearalenone in wet-milled corn products: a review. PMID- 701623 TI - Excretion and metabolism of 3,4,5-tribromo-N,N,alpha-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1 acetamide in the rat. PMID- 701624 TI - Excretion and tissue distribution of [14C]monensin in cattle. PMID- 701625 TI - Metabolism of monensin in the steer and rat. PMID- 701626 TI - Metabolism of [ring-14C]ordram (molinate) in the rat. I. Balance and tissue residue study. PMID- 701627 TI - Metabolism of [ring-14C]ordram (molinate) in the rat. 2. Urinary metabolite identification. PMID- 701628 TI - Determination of pentachlorophenol, hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in bovine milk. PMID- 701629 TI - Residues of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) and ethylenethiourea in treated tomatoes and commercial tomato products. PMID- 701630 TI - Residues in crops irrigated with water containing simazine. PMID- 701631 TI - Identification of a thiamin odor compound from photolysis of thiamin. PMID- 701632 TI - Method for the extraction and cleanup of animal feed for the determination of liposoluble vitamins D, A, and E by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 701633 TI - An improved assay for biologically active chromium. PMID- 701634 TI - Methionine and cystine contents of bean (Phaseolus) seeds. PMID- 701635 TI - Analysis by gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography of residual [14C]diethylstilbestrol ear implants. PMID- 701636 TI - Determination of N-nitrosoproline in meat samples. PMID- 701638 TI - Method to determine fenthion and five oxidative metabolites in fat. PMID- 701637 TI - Available lysine losses during thermal processing of unconventional proteins with glucose. PMID- 701639 TI - Mammalian utilization of cutin, the cuticular polyester of plants. PMID- 701640 TI - Fluorescent lighting: a purported source of hyperactive behavior. AB - Seven first-grade children with conduct disorders and/or hyperactivity attended full-day sessions at a laboratory school classroom. During an 8-week period, the classroom lighting conditions alternated at the end of each week. During odd numbered weeks, the classroom was illuminated by a standard cool-white fluorescent system. On even-numbered weeks, illumination was a daylight simulating fluorescent system of equal footcandles with controls for purported soft X rays and radio frequency (RF). There were no effects of lighting conditions on hyperactive behavior as assessed by (a) independent observations of task orientation or (b) ratings of activity level. A Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF) measure, a reported indicator of visual-sensory fatigue, indicated that the daylight-simulating condition was associated with a decreasing CFF across weeks. PMID- 701641 TI - Hyperactivity from fluorescent lighting--fact or fancy: a commentary on the report by O'Leary, Rosenbaum, and Hughes. AB - The following commentary is designed to explain the experimental differences between the foregoing negative article by O'Leary, Rosenbaum, and Hughes and the original articles in this field, whose results were positive. These differences fall under the general categories of subjects, lights, measurements, and design. PMID- 701642 TI - Direct and systematic replication: a rejoinder. PMID- 701643 TI - Sensory extinction: a procedure form eliminating self-stimulatory behavior in developmentally disabled children. AB - This study was designed to investigate the role of sensory reinforcement in the motivation of self-stimulation. If self-stimulatory behavior is maintained by its sensory consequences, such as the proprioceptive, auditory, or visual stimulation it produces, then such behavior should extinguish when those sensory consequences are not permitted. The present study introduces a new procedure, Sensory Extinction, in which certain sensory consequences are masked or removed, to examine whether self-stimulation is operant behavior maintained by sensory reinforcement. The effectiveness of Sensory Extinction was assessed by a reversal design for each of three autistic children, and the results showed the following. First, self-stimulation reliably extinguished when a certain sensory consequence was removed, then increased when that consequence was permitted. This was replicable within and across children. Second, different Sensory Extinction procedures were required for different self-stimulatory behaviors, since the sensory reinforcers supporting them were idiosyncratic across children. Finally, regarding clinical gains, the data suggest that Sensory Extinction may be a relatively convenient and rapid alternative for the treatment of self stimulation. The present findings extend the efficacy of extinction as a behavior modification technique to instances in which the reinforcer is purely sensory. The implications of these results for the treatment of other forms of deviant behavior are discussed. PMID- 701644 TI - The hyperactive child at adolescence: cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. AB - In view of the paucity of detailed follow-up studies on hyperactive children, the performance of 15 adolescents diagnosed hyperactive 5 years previously was compared to that of a control group of equivalent age, sex, intelligence, and social class. Eleven cognitive tests measuring sustained attention, visual-motor and motor skills, abstraction, and reading ability, as well as three self assessment tests examining self-esteem, activity level, social functioning, academic status, and career aspirations were administered. The hyperactives performed significantly worse than the controls on the sustained attention, visual-motor, and motor tasks, and on two of the four reading tests. They also gave themselves significantly lower ratings on some of the self-esteem and sociability items. It would appear that the hyperactives at adolescence still have attentional and stimulus-processing difficulties, which affect not only their academic performance but also their social functioning. PMID- 701645 TI - Body movement and inattention in learning-disabled and normal children. AB - Four experiments were conducted to test various aspects of an optimal level of arousal model of hyperactivity in learning-disabled children. Vigilance performance and level of body movement were measured while learning-disabled and control children performed in an auditory vigilance task. The results suggested that body movement increased throughout the vigilance task, increased rates of external stimulation result in decreased level of body movement, and learning disabled children differed from controls in showing higher levels of body movement and poorer vigilance performance. The results were discussed in terms of changes in arousal level and compensatory stimulus-seeking behavior. PMID- 701646 TI - Behavioral correlates of the hyperactivity factor of the Conners Teacher Questionnaire. AB - The present study assesses whether ratings on the Conners Teacher Questionnaire, Hyperactivity Factor, corresponded to observed behavioral and attitudinal differences in hyperactive and nonhyperactive males. Boys in the present study were rated on the questionnaire and then observed in a free-play situation. The boys' scores on the Teacher Questionnaire were later compared with their activity level, judgments about their behavior, and interview questions about their experience in the study. Several of these measures were found to correlate significantly with the Teacher Questionnaire scores, suggesting that it successfully taps observable dimensions of hyperactivity in novel situations. PMID- 701648 TI - Developing and maintaining social interaction in profoundly retarded young males. AB - Social interaction was increased in five profoundly retarded males using formal training, stimulus control, and rewarded generalization procedures. Seven behaviors were monitored for each boy to determine whether correlated changes occurred in maladaptive behaviors as social interaction varied over the several phases of a withdrawal design that included multiple-baseline features. All five boys increased their social interaction and reduced unoccupied and self stimulatory behavior. These changes were maintained as continuous reinforcement was reduced to a single response-contingent reinforcer per 15-minute session. Four follow-up probes showed the stability of the changes. PMID- 701647 TI - Prevalence of maladaptive behavior in retarded children as a function of IQ and age. AB - One hundred and twenty-eight mentally retarded children, ages 6 to 14, from a special school were assessed by teachers in terms of nine maladaptive behaviors. The results indicated that the prevalence of some maladaptive behaviors changed as a function of IQ and age, and that there were splits of such changes as IQ dependent and as age-dependent by maladaptive behavior. PMID- 701649 TI - Aspects of body image perception in obese and normal-weight youngsters. AB - Perceptual and projective aspects of body image in obese youngsters (not in psychological treatment) and normal-weight youngsters 8-9 years of age and 12-13 years of age were investigated. The results indicate that perceptual distortions in estimating various body dimensions of oneself are primarily a function of age rather than weight status. The accuracy of estimating the weight of peers and an adult showed an association with the sex of the subject. No group differences were found in terms of projective aspects of body image as measured by barrier and penetration responses. This study suggests that obese youngsters in the middle childhood and entering puberty periods in comparison to normal-weight youngsters of the same age do not manifest differences in perceptual factors of body image. PMID- 701650 TI - Affective communication differences between distressed and nondistressed mother- adolescent dyads. AB - An assessment technique of having mothers and young adolescents describe in brief written form what they like and dislike about each other was evaluated. Distressed dyads (N = 38) produced responses that were rated significantly more negative (Demanding, Personal Attack, Anger and Hostility, Complaining About Unfairness or Disrespect) and less positive (Good Relationship, Appreciation of Other, Complimentary, and Enjoyment) than nondistressed dyads (N = 40). Evidence of reliability was reported. Ratings of the written responses correlated significantly with independently obtained codings of tape-recorded interactions, thus offering support for validity of the method. PMID- 701651 TI - Evaluation of behavioral group counseling for parents of learning-disabled children. AB - The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a behavioral group counseling program for parent members of the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities. Twenty-two mothers were assigned to two treatment groups (N = 5 and N = 6) and a control group (N = 11). Treatment-group mothers received a series of eight weekly 1 1/2-hour sessions in which they were taught basic principles and procedures of behavior modification which they could apply to specific child rearing problems. Multiple-success criteria (maternal reports, direct observation, frequency counts, and attitudinal measures) were employed to provide a broad-based measurement of outcome. Results indicated that treatment ratings of childrens' conduct and disruption and parental postbehavioral observations of mother-child interactions showed improvement for the behavioral-counseling groups while control-group ratings and behavior observations remained the same. All treatment-group changes were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Consistency of treatment-group data across measures and over time suggests the effectiveness of this approach as a training method. Implications for future research were discussed. PMID- 701652 TI - A comparison of the disturbingness of behaviors related to learning disability and emotional disturbance. AB - Behaviors thought to be characteristic of emotional disturbance or learning disabilities were investigated through ratings of teachers with regard to the relative disturbingness of the behaviors. Obtained differences suggested that behaviors characteristic of emotional disturbance were rated as more disturbing than those of learning disabilities; differences within sets of characteristic behaviors were also indicated. Results are discussed with regard to implications for teacher expectancies and labeling research. PMID- 701653 TI - Stimulus-governance and the hyperkinetic syndrome. AB - The hypothesis that hyperkinetic children are stimulus-governed was tested. In a sample of 39 nonmedicated hyperkinetic boys 26 were found to be stimulus governed. In a control sample of 20 nonmedicated boys 6 were found to be stimulus governed. An association was found between the hyperkinetic syndrome and stimulus governance. The hypothesis is raised that response to methylphenidate is related to stimulus-governance. Several issues raised by the research are discussed. PMID- 701654 TI - A laboratory evaluation of immune complexes in patients on inhalant immunotherapy. AB - Patients with allergic rhinitis receiving maintenance inhalant immunotherapy and two control groups were studied for evidence of circulating immune complexes. The first control group contained patients with allergic rhinitis who had never received immunotherapy. The second control group contained normal volunteers. Patients in the treatment group had no proteinuria. When compared with the control group, the treatment group had no statistically significant differences in incidence of Clq binding immune complexes, cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor, or complement depletion. This initial study suggests that maintenance immunotherapy does not result in an increase of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 701655 TI - Acquired angioedema associated with rectal carcinoma and its response to danazol therapy. Acquired angioedema treated with danazol. AB - Cases of the acquired form of angioedema have been recognized as a separate entity since 1972. Previously reported cases have been related to various hematologic malignancies. We have recently studied a patient with rectal carcinoma who manifests a complement pattern compatible with the acquired form of angioedema. No previous personal or family history of allergic disease or angioedema was present. Because the episodes of angioedema were laryngeal in location and required emergency intubation to maintain an adequate airway, a trial of danazol prophylaxis, which has been shown to be effective in hereditary angioedema, was undertaken. His beneficial response to this form of therapy is also documented. PMID- 701656 TI - Small vessel vasculitis caused by hepatitis B virus immune complexes. Small vessel vasculitis and HBsAG. AB - In a comprehensive study of 80 patients with vasculitis, 4 had concurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Polyarteritis nodosa was present in 2 and in the other 2, cutaneous vasculitis, presenting clinically as palpable or Henoch Schonlein purpura. In one of these patients skin biopsies demonstrated granular deposits of IgM, C3, C4, and the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and electron dense deposits of aggregated 20-nm particles resembling HBsAg in postcapillary venules. Evidence for circulating HBsAg-immune complexes included increased serum Clq binding activity, decreased serum complement, and a cryoprecipitate containing both HBsAg and IgM anti-HBs. Aggregated 20-nm particles resembling intact HBsAg were also seen by negative staining electron microscopy of the serum cryoprecipitate. This patient fulfills all the criteria for a specific immune complex vasculitis caused by his immune response to a chronic HBV infection. These findings emphasize that HBV infection may be associated with small vessel vasculitis as well as polyarteritis nodosa, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and glomerulonephritis. A similar immune response to other viral infections may be expressed as palpable (Henoch-Schonlein) purpura also. PMID- 701657 TI - Cyclic platelet dysfunction in IgE-mediated allergy. AB - Diminished platelet aggregation responses to one or more aggregating agents were found in 25 of 32 patients with nasal allergy studied at the peak of the allergy season. Abnormal in-season platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine and collagen was significantly improved when repeated out-of-season, while incomplete platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin was unchanged. Recombination of an in-season serum factor with autologous, out-of season normally aggregating platelets caused market inhibition of platelet aggregation. Mean bleeding times of 20 symptomatic patients were also prolonged during the height of the pollination season. These data suggest that the allergic diathesis is a model for the study of cyclic, nondrug induction of platelet dysfunction. PMID- 701658 TI - The radioallergosorbent test in the diagnosis of canine atopic disease. AB - The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was adapted for use in the dog employing purified anti-canine IgE. The agreement between positive RAST and positive skin test ranged from 82% for ragweed to only 12.5% for dandelion. Agreement between negative tests in the case of all allergens was 100%. Further developmental studies of canine RAST are warranted in view of the value of the dog as an experimental model of atopic disease. PMID- 701659 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 701660 TI - Specific suppression of IgE antibodies. An immunotherapeutic goal achievable in the foreseeable future. PMID- 701661 TI - Suppression of reaginic antibody formation in guinea pigs by anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Syngeneic immunization of strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs with purified antibodies against benzyl-penicilloyl bovine IgG (BPO-BGG) produces anti idiotypic antibodies which specifically inhibit antigen-induced T cell proliferation in vitro. In sensitized guinea pigs, passive administration (either intravenously or subcutaneously in complete Freund's adjuvant [CFA] of these anti idiotypic antibodies has a reversible suppressive effect on IgG and IgM responses. In addition, preimmunization with idiotypes effects a long-term and specific suppression of the production of homocytotropic antibodies against a hapten-protein conjugate (BPO-BGG). The suppression of the homocytotropic antibody response in already sensitized outbred guinea pigs was attampted by immunization with autologous serum, autologous antibodies, or autologous lymphoid cells. With all immunization procedures used so far, no significant suppressive effects could be demonstrated. The significance of these findings, in terms of the practical potential of autoanti-idiotypic immunization for the management of allergic diseases, is briefly discussed. PMID- 701662 TI - Benzylpenicillin preparations can evoke a systemic anaphylactic reaction in guinea pigs. AB - All of the five commercially available benzylpenicillin preparations obtained from different sources and a PcG preparation prepared by filtration of a commercial PcG on Sephadex G10 elicited the systemic anaphylactic reactions in guinea pigs which had been immunized with benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-Ascaris extract conjugate (BPO-As) mixed with aluminum bydroxide gel. These preparations could evoke no such reactions in guinea pigs immunized with BPO-bovine gamma globulin conjugate (BPO-BGG) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. The severity of the systemic anaphylactic reactions correlated significantly with the titers of either 8-day passive cutaneous anaphylactic (8-day PCA) reactions or 4-hr PCA reactions evoked with the same benzylpenicillin preparations. In vitro benzylpenicillin preparation contracted the tracheas of the guinea pigs immunized with BPO-As. These results indicated that the commercially available benzylpenicillin preparations have enough antigenicity to evoke systemic anaphylactic reactions in guinea pigs immunized with BPO-As mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel. Such guinea pigs represent an animal model for investigation of penicillin allergy. PMID- 701663 TI - Normal human monocytes inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro. AB - Normal human monocytes were evaluated in an in vitro assay of growth inhibition of tumor cells. Monocytes were isolated from the blood of 6 normal subjects by Ficoll-Hypaque separation and adherence to plastic microtest wells. Cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) were added to the microwells to result in a ratio of 50 monocytes to one HeLa cell. Cultures were then incubated for 6 to 46 hr. Growth inhibition was evaluated by measuring the uptake of 3H-thymidine over a 4-hr pulse period after 2, 18, or 42 hr of monocyte-HeLa interaction. Inhibition of HeLa growth by monocytes was 23.8% +/- 8.6% over 6 hr, 22.0% +/- 8.9% over 22 hr. and 68.3% +/- 7.5% over 46 hr. Growth inhibition of HeLa cells was confirmed by direct enumeration of HeLa cells at the end of coincubation. Attachment of monocytes to the HeLa cells was confirmed by light and scanning electron micrographs. Granulocytes, lymphocytes, and other cell lines did not comparably inhibit HeLa growth and media replenishment did not ablate the effect. These data demonstrate that normal human monocytes can inhibit the growth of a malignant cell line in vitro in the absence of overt activation procedures. PMID- 701664 TI - Poylmerized whole ragweed: an improved method of immunotherapy. AB - A single-blind study compared the effectiveness of glutaraldehyde-treated polymerized ragweed with nonpolymerized monomeric ragweed. These studies are an extension of those previously reported for polymerized AgE using a readily available ragweed preparation containing all ragweed antigens. Nineteen ragweed sensitive patients were randomized into 2 groups; 10 received the polymerized form and 9 received the monomeric form. Four parameters were followed: serum specific IgE against antigen E, total blocking antibody against antigen E, local and systemic reactions to injection therapy, and symptom score indices. Pretreatment levels of antigen E--specific IgE and blocking antibody activity were similar in both groups. After a total of 15,000 protein nitrogen units (PNU) had been given, blocking antibody activity in the monomer group rose from a mean of 170 ng AgE bound per ml to a mean of 2,813. The rise in blocking antibody activity in the polymer group was from a mean of 181 ng AgE bound per ml to 1,574. At 15,000 PNU, blocking antibody activity levels were not statistically different in the 2 groups. After 1 year of treatment, no consistent decrease in postseasonal specific IgE rise could be shown in either group. Forty times less erythema and 15 times less induration were found with polymerized ragweed. There were 7 systemic reactions with the monomer and none with the polymer. Both groups experienced symptomatic improvement with treatment. PMID- 701665 TI - In vitro activation of the alternative pathway of complement by settled grain dust. AB - Settled grain dust was collected from several active grain elevators in the Superior-Duluth areas of the United States. Particle size distribution (47% less than 5 micrometer) and endotoxin contamination (429 ng/gm) of the dust were similar to those reported for the airborne parent dust. Human complement uas activated in vitro in a dose-response manner which could be quantified. This hemolytic consumption was via the alternative pathway as defined by ethylenediaminetertraacetic acid/ethylene-glycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EDTA/EGTA) differential serum chelation, factor B conversion, and complement reductions in serum from guinea pigs deficient in C4. It is proposed that continuous low-dose exposure to aerosolized, biologically active rafter dust could contribute to the respiratory insult of grain workers. PMID- 701666 TI - Allergen-induced depression of neutrophil chemotaxis in allergic individuals. PMID- 701667 TI - Human serum albumin and Tween 80 as stabilizers of allergen solutions. PMID- 701668 TI - School nutrition programs in perspective. AB - From a meager beginning with the passage in 1946 of the initial National School Lunch Act, school nutrition programs have grown until today they are "big business," employing some 350,000 persons in more than 89,000 units, and representing more than $1 billion in volume. As programs have expanded, the need for more professionalism in the field has been felt, and a number of educational and certifying programs have emerged. A new aspect, just being implemented as a result of 1977 legislation, is the nutrition education facet implicit in serving school meals. A driving force in meeting nutritional goals of school foodservice programs is the American School Food Service Association, an organization of some 67,000 members. PMID- 701669 TI - Consumption and plate waste of menu items served in the National School Lunch Program. AB - Plate waste was determined in fifty-eight elementary and high schools in the USDA Western, Midwestern, and Southwestern Regions. By weighing sample trays and edible waste, the percentage of food served that was consumed was measured for 23,000 lunches. Highest consumption was recorded for milk, with 88 and 94 per cent consumed in the fifth and tenth grades respectively. Most entrees and starches were well consumed; vegetables and salads showed much less acceptability. Regional differences in food acceptability were minor, and high school students consistently wasted less food in all categories than did elementary pupils. PMID- 701670 TI - Automated purchasing: Forecasts to determine stock levels and print orders. AB - An automated purchasing system to optimize inventory levels of frozen foods, including meat items, while minimizing stock outages, was developed and implemented. Menu item forecast data were coordinated with on-hand quantities to automate the calculation of order quantities and printing purchase requisitions. The model selected also incorporated: (a) Safety stock level, (b) accumulated forecasts, and (c) accumulated orders already placed. The project was smoothly integrated into an on-going computer-assisted management system. All programs functioned as planned; computer documents were complete and accurate. The system design was retained for use in the foodservice operation. PMID- 701671 TI - Thermal destruction of folacin in microwave and conventional heating. AB - Folacin derivatives were found to vary greatly in thermal stability. It is worth mention that pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA), the folate used therapeutically and in food supplementation, was extremely stable to heat under the experimental conditions, that is, at 100 degrees C. in neutral solution. Under these conditions, 5-formyl-THFA also exhibited marked stability; neither form was affected significantly by microwave radiation. In view of the increasing data indicating the abundance of 5-methyl-THFA and other derivatives of THFA in foods, the thermal lability of these forms was especially interesting. THFA was found to be an extremely labile folate, while 5-methyl-THFA had intermediate stability among the forms tested. Microwave heating of 5-methyl-THFA resulted in a faster rate of degradation than conventional heating at the same temperature. The mechanism of this action needs further research. PMID- 701672 TI - Nutritional assessment of Virgin Islands school children. AB - A group of 427 students on St. Thomas, Virgin Islands was studied to obtain baseline data on some anthropometric measures, biochemical values, food habits, and educational parameters. Body weight was similar for four-to-seven-year-old students. Nine per cent of the sample appeared to be excessively stout. The mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels exceeded "acceptable" ranges of the Ten-State Nutrition Survey. Differences were noted in the food habits of students in public vs. parochial schools and by birth place. The reasons for the differences were not determined. When comparisons were made with a previous survey of V.I. adolescents, mean intakes of the vegetable-fruit and meat groups were higher. A trend existed between poor academic achievement and low food score. The extent of the contribution of the various factors on the assessed status needs to be appraised. PMID- 701674 TI - New Orleans summer foodservice program for children. PMID- 701675 TI - Nutrition education in school foodservice in Kansas. PMID- 701673 TI - Nebraska physicians' attitudes and practices in the field of infant feeding and nutrition. AB - A questionnaire was mailed to all pediatricians, family practitioners, and general practitioners in Nebraska to determine their attitudes and practices concerning infant feeding and nutrition. One hundred seventy responded. Their attitudes and practices regarding infant feeding and nutrition generally seemed to be positive. Areas in which they were undecided were often nutrition concerns which are currently being researched. PMID- 701676 TI - Innovations in school foodservice to promote nutrition education. PMID- 701677 TI - USDA Type A lunch in state school/residential child care institutions. PMID- 701678 TI - The dietitian's use of the RDAs. PMID- 701679 TI - A.D.A. testimony on food safety and nutrition legislation. PMID- 701680 TI - Dietary treatment of tyrosinemia type I: importance of methionine restriction. AB - A patient with tyrosinemia type I was treated with formula 3200 AB. This dietary approach lowered the elevated plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine levels but failed to eliminate the hypermethioninemia and the concomitant clinical abnormalities of ascites and other abnormal liver functions. Strict control of dietary intake of methionine, as well as phenylalanine and tyrosine, by a synthetic amino acid mixture or by a combination with formula 3200 AB maintained all plasma amino acids within the normal limits, permitted normal physical growth, and eliminated all hepatic and renal abnormalities. We suggest that restriction of only phenylalanine and tyrosine is inadequate in treating tyrosinemia type I during the acute phase. In such cases, the dietitian should use 3200 AB formula with caution until the acute phase of the disease subsides and plasma methionine levels return to normal. PMID- 701681 TI - Nutrient intakes of children on the hyperkinesis diet. AB - The nutrient intakes of fifty-four hyperactive children during a baseline period and while following the hyperkinesis diet were calculated. During both periods, mean dietary intakes compared favorably with the Recommended Dietary Allowances. A comparison of three-day food records showed that, relative to baseline values, nutrient intakes did not change significantly while the children followed the hyperkinesis diet. The majority of the children reported intakes sufficient to meet the recommended allowances during both the baseline and diet periods. PMID- 701682 TI - Programmed instruction in institutional purchasing for dietetic students. AB - A programmed instruction unit in institutional purchasing for dietetic students was developed and evaluated. The unit is compact, simple to use, and could serve as an overview or review of institutional purchasing by dietetic students. Subjects were forty-five dietetic students in coordinated undergraduate dietetic programs, dietetic internships, and dietetic traineeships, with two institutions represented in each group. The programmed unit was effective, because cognitive achievement post-test scores were significantly higher (24 per cent) than pre test scores. The unit was equally effective with the three groups, which did not differ significantly in pre- and post-test scores, gain test scores, or attitude toward programmed instruction scale scores at the end of the unit. Interns had higher grad point averages (GPA) than students in coordinated undergraduate programs. All students spent an average of 1 hr. completing the unit, although trainees used more times. An attitude scale showed favorable attitudes by the students toward programmed instruction. Significant positive relationships were found between pre-test scores and GPAs, and post-test scores and GPAs. A questionnaire showed that instructors liked the unit, found it useful, and would use it again. The findings of this study suggest that programmed instruction units in other phases of dietetic education could be developed and used to present factual material, give an overview of a topic, help students to review, and/or save time in classroom instruction. PMID- 701683 TI - HACCP models for quality control of entree production in hospital foodservice systems. I. Development of hazard analysis critical control point models. AB - HACCP models were developed as part of a research project for quality control of entree production in three types of hospital foodservice systems: Conventional, cook/chill, and cook/freeze. Critical control points at process stages were identified. Time-temperature was a critical control point throughout entree production in each model; time-temperature parameters were established for critical control points. Equipment sanitation and personnel sanitation are critical control points for which standards must be established by each foodservice system. Determination of the effectiveness of control measures included continuous monitoring of critical control points for time-temperature. Sanitation of equipment and personnel should be monitored using standards established by the foodservice system. PMID- 701684 TI - HACCP models for quality control of entree production in hospital foodservice systems. II. Quality assessment of beef loaves utilizing HACCP models. AB - HACCP models were developed for quality control of entree production in three hospital foodservice systems: Conventional, cook/chill, and cook/freeze (1). The three systems were stimulated in a laboratory to evaluate the effectiveness of the HACCP models for quality control and to generate quantitative data for evaluating and comparing the quality of beef loaves produced under controlled conditions. Attributes measured were weight (yield) and microbiologic, nutritional, and sensory qualities. The only significant difference in the beef loaves among systems was sensory quality. Scores for overall acceptability of beef loaves in the conventional system were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than for those of the cook/chill and cook/freeze systems. The HACCP models were effective quality control tools for entree production; implementation of the HACCP system is recommended for hospital foodservices. The importance of the time temperature critical point for monitoring control points in hospital foodservice systems is emphasized. PMID- 701685 TI - Home health agencies: federal and state requirements for nutrition intervention. PMID- 701686 TI - Foodservice at First Baptist Church, Atlanta. PMID- 701687 TI - Taste tray increases acceptance of nutritional supplements. PMID- 701689 TI - Teaching nutrition to nursing students: let's have a party! PMID- 701688 TI - Experimental note: sterol balance study conducted in the home. PMID- 701690 TI - Statement by the American Dietetic Association on diet protein products. PMID- 701691 TI - Legislative highlights: Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Act of 1978. PMID- 701692 TI - The evolution of geriatric medicine. AB - The evolution of geriatric medicine has been associated with increasing knowledge about aging--social, psychologic and biologic--and its effect on the clinical presentation of illness. It also has been associated with varying patterns of the historical development of medical care in different countries. Overall, two main forms of geriatric medicine are developing worldwide--one an accredited specialty practiced within a State medical service, the other based in large hospitals for the aged where physicians train themselves but are not accredited. The system of geriatric care in Great Britain is described and the importance is emphasized of: 1) assessment before admission, 2) progressive care of the patient, and 3) the day hospital. Future developments in relation to internal medicine and family practice are considered. Research into the causes of atheromatous vascular disease and senile dementia is of fundamental importance for the whole future of geriatric medicine. PMID- 701693 TI - Spectrum of severity and control of diabetes mellitus in skilled nursing facilities. AB - A descriptive and quality assessment study was made of 359 elderly patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in 39 Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNF) in upstate New York. The diagnostic prevalence of diabetes was about 12 percent- similar to that in a National Health Survey of nursing homes, but higher than that reported for the non-institutional elderly. Greater frequency and severity were observed among the females, but the median age for all the diabetic patients was about the same as that for the general SNF population. Several of the other disorders believed to be associated with diabetes were found to be of greater frequency in the SNF diabetic group, but some were not; also, inadequate control of diabetes was associated with some, but not all of these disorders. The severity of diabetes in this elderly SNF population with adult-onset diabetes was usually mild, with a low frequency of complications and of poor control. Problems arose with respect to the ascertainment and recording of diagnostic and control data, most often related to the responsibilities of the attending physicians. There were also problems of uncertainty as to the cause-and-effect relationship between thecontrol of blood glucose levels and treatment outcomes. The establishment of criteria and standards for medical care evaluation studies is discussed. PMID- 701694 TI - Genitourinary disorders of old age: therapeutic considerations including counseling for sexual dysfunction. AB - Genitourinary tissues undergo physical changes with advancing age, due partly to hormonal alterations. However, the greatest influence on continuing sexual function during aging is emotional and is directly related to the psychologic history of the individual patient. The interested professional can help his patient substantially by simply taking time to listen, a process which permits identification of any psychogenic basis for the sexual dysfunction. The entire approach and method of counseling presuppose that psychogenic impotence is the most common form of the problem. This preliminary effort can do no harm. Should it fail, the patient can be referred to other consultants who use more protracted or sophisticated modalities. With the elderly, the clinician can advise patients to share interpersonal warmth and to enjoy the satisfaction of body contact at any age at which this desire and capacity persist. To the aging person, the totality of sexual meaning is more significant than performance or technique. The sympathetic counselor who renders supportive reassurance to the patient usually can expect beneficial results. PMID- 701695 TI - Major gynecologic surgical procedures in the aged. AB - The results of major gynecologic operations in 160 women over the age of 65 were reviewed and compared with the results in 120 younger women 40--55 years old. Most of the complaints of the elderly group were related to genital prolapse. These conditions caused daily discomfort and anxiety. Contrary to the practice in the younger group, most of the operations in the elderly were vaginal. Vaginal hysterectomy was the preferred procedure in most cases of uterine prolapse. Spinal anesthesia was used, as it is rarely contraindicated in the elderly. Postoperative complications were few and did not cause prolongation of hospital stay. There was only one postoperative death, a mortality rate of 0.6 percent. When care is exercised in medical evaluation, choice of anesthesia, and performance of the operation, the elderly patient usually can tolerate major gynecologic surgical procedures well, and should not be lightly disqualified from receiving the benefits. PMID- 701696 TI - Duodenal stump tumor. AB - A rare case of duodenal stump tumor is described. The patient was an 84-year-old woman who had undergone a subtotal gastrectomy nine years previously. The polypoid tumor of the duodenal stump may have been a factor in the production of extrahepatic biliary obstruction, for which surgical treatment was required. The aged patient withstood the operation well. PMID- 701697 TI - Senile-presenile dementia: follow-up data on an effective psychotherapy anticoagulant regimen. AB - This report contains follow-up data on the effects of an anticoagulant psychotherapy regimen in presenile and senile dementia. Over a two-year period, 49 such patients who were seriously ill were treated with a Coumadin psychotherapy regimen; 34 (69 percent) improved (4 of them dramatically) and 15 (31 percent) did not improve or became worse. The underlying pathologic processes are discussed, with the rationale for therapy. PMID- 701698 TI - Depression in old age. AB - We are increasingly becoming a society of older people. The most prevalent emotional disturbance in this group is depression. Its management is an urgent concern to professionals in the mental health field. A review is presented of the clinical management of depression in old age in the special out-patient setting of an Affective Disorders Clinic. Sociologic, psychologic, and biologic factors as they affected the aging process are discussed in the frame of a developmental approach to aging. Illustrative clinical material shows the value of this approach in the assessment and management of depression in the aged. PMID- 701699 TI - Health habits in relation to aging. AB - A review of the literature and a study of 52 patients of the 80+ age group confirmed the premise that good health habits have a positive effect on the quantity and quality of life. Not all persons can live beyond 80, but those who do can lead a better life if they live properly. A profile of these 52 subjects aged 80 or older revealed that they were of average size or thin, and of a happy temperament; they ate well and regularly, slept adequately, avoided excessive amounts of alcohol, did not smoke, used drugs sparingly, and led an active life, physically and mentally. Also, it was apparent that the rugged elderly can withstand the impact of a major illness or a surgical operation with associated anesthesia. The following factors are important for longevity: 1) pick the right grandparents, 2) keep active physically and mentally, 3) eat properly, 4) stay thin, 5) drink alcohol moderately if at all, and 6) do not smoke. PMID- 701700 TI - Fatal cerebral injury in the elderly. AB - A medical examiner's series of 71 elderly patients with fatal internal cerebral injuries demonstrated age differences with respect to the type of cerebral lesion and the causal incident. The elderly showed relatively fewer severe cerebral contusions than did a young group, but a higher incidence of subdural and intraparenchymal hematomas. Falls, the most common cause of injury in the elderly, were often precipitated by physical illness or ingestion of alcohol. Consumption of alcohol was also a prominent factor in the fatal assault cases. PMID- 701701 TI - Fever of unknown origin in the elderly. AB - An extensive literature survey was performed and hospital records were reviewed in order to identify cases of fever of undetermined origin in patients aged 65 or older. Analysis of the 111 cases discovered demonstrates a characteristic but not unique spectrum of underlying disorders. Potentially curable entities such as abdominal abscess, bacterial endocarditis, tuberculosis and giant-cell arteritis account for more than half of the serious illnesses presenting with prolonged pyrexia in elderly subjects. A diagnostic approach to the management of the persistently febrile geriatric patient is discussed. PMID- 701702 TI - Fractures of the hip: a three-year survey in one hospital, including experience with the Pugh nail procedure. AB - Records were reviewed on 445 patients with fracture of the hip admitted to St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada, during the period 1973--1975 inclusive. The epidemiologic factors were analyzed: age, sex, where and when the accident occurred, site of the fracture, the treatment procedure, length of time in hospital, complications, associated conditions, and final placement of the patient. Of the patients, 286 (64 percent) were more than 70 years of age. Among the 260 causal accidents in the patients' home living space or in the hospital, 35 involved toileting. The great majority of the fractured hips (330) were treated by open operation and internal fixation with the Pugh nail; the remainder were treated by conservative methods, various other devices, or arthroplasty. Within 30 days, 121 patients were discharged to their own homes and 68 to a major rehabilitation hospital. A total of 289 patients eventually returned to their own homes. The Pugh nail method of fixation permits early physiotherapy and early walking exercises, beginning within the first few days postoperatively. This largely accounts for the low complication rate, rapid achievement of functional status, and reduced hospital stay. Among the 445 patients there were 43 deaths, including 10 which occurred before operation could be undertaken. PMID- 701703 TI - Problems in rehabilitation after age sixty-five. AB - Of 100 patients on the Rehabilitation Service of a general hospital (New England Memorial), 75 were past 65 years of age. In this age group, recovery from illness or an accident is longer and slower, with many more complications. Rehabilitation that accomplishes independence in daily-living skills is extremely important for the elderly and those who care for them. Of the 75 elderly in this study, 40 could be discharged to their own homes; 36 had to be transferred to extended care facilities chiefly because of complications secondary to associated disorders. Even the patients who did not attain the conference-determined rehabilitation goal still benefited from the coordinated rehabilitation procedure. The value of rehabilitation services for the disabled elderly should not be minimized. PMID- 701704 TI - Contribution of the consultant pharmacist to rational drug usage in the long-term care facility. AB - In a rural 116-bed skilled nursing facility, a study was made of the influence of a Consultant Pharmacist on drug usage over a one-year period. Lines of communication were established with the six attending physicians by means of work rounds, telephone calls, and both official and unofficial memoranda. Daily pharmacy rounds were conducted with health-care students and the nursing supervisor, who facilitated physician-pharmacist communication. The physician nurse-pharmacist team studied each patient's problems, the status of the therapeutic endpoint, and the need of and usage of each regularly scheduled or pro re nata (PRN) drug. Stop-order and standing-order protocols were developed. During the one-year period, the number of regularly scheduled drugs per patient was reduced from 3.30 to 2.66 (19.4 percent decrease), and of PRN drugs from 3.92 to 2.12 (45.9 percent decrease). The overall significant reduction was associated with the protocol and stop-order discontinuances of routinely scheduled drugs, and with the duplicated orders for drugs to relieve pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, colds and cough. Implications for optimal care of the patients, and for the economics of this federally-mandated system of consultant pharmacists are discussed. PMID- 701705 TI - Dopamine and the aged. AB - Regardless of the age of the patient, dopamine is a valuable agent for treating shock associated with an abdominal catastrophe. However, when the time is appropriate for withdrawal of dopamine, the aged do not react as do younger patients. Despite apparent adequate hydration, additional volume loading is required to avert renal failure, and the dosage of dopamine has to be decreased gradually until withdrawal is complete. PMID- 701706 TI - Nutritional and metabolic studies of noncyclic dimeric fatty acid methyl esters in the rat. PMID- 701707 TI - Analytical techniques in food emulsifiers. PMID- 701709 TI - Eyeglasses and contact lenses: what people think about them. PMID- 701708 TI - Sterol lipids in finger millet (Eleusine coracana). PMID- 701710 TI - A corneal irritation uniquely produced by hydrogel lathed lenses and its resolution. AB - This paper discusses the presence of an irritation (arc-line abrasion) on the corneas of some patients wearing hydrogel lenses. The author discusses many procedures for resolution and many failures. Only when fenestrations were employed did the irritation subside and disappear. PMID- 701711 TI - Optometric residency programs. AB - Residency programs are very new to the optometric profession. In order for optometry to continue its growth, Residency programs must attain its appropriate role in the development of the profession. A committee has been established to support the concept of specialized residency programs in many aspects of optometric care. Initial goals and objections of the committee as well as future endeavors are discussed. PMID- 701712 TI - Biofeedback treatment of strabismus: case studies. AB - This project demonstrates the use of neuromuscular reeducation biofeedback as a treatment for strabismus. Of the three subjects treated, an exotrope and an esotrope were cured according to pre-defined criteria and an exotrope with a dense monocular cataract was improved. Treatment consisted of monitoring eye positions using infrared sensors and feeding back information on relative ocular deviations coded in the form of a tone. PMID- 701713 TI - Optometry as an emerging profession in the emerging Third World nations. PMID- 701714 TI - Interdisciplinary health care: part II. AB - There are a number of problems which facilitate against the development and implementation of a successful effective team. These problems include the traditional model of separating the teaching of professional students, the feelings of omnipotence of the physician, the social and psychological barriers among professionals, the lack of role responsibilities of professionals, the fear of identity loss of allied health profession, the feeling of autonomy by independent health professionals and others. These problems are being studied because the benefits of team care, e.g. increased quality and quantity of care, professional recognition and decreasing the cost of care, are important to the delivery of health care. PMID- 701715 TI - A comparison of two fixation disparity targets. AB - A simple homemade fixation disparity test is compared with the standard Mallett Test. Sixty-four clinical patients were tested and 25 percent of them were found to have fixation disparity on either one or both tests. Age distribution is shown. Comparisons are made as to the direction of fixation disparity and magnitude of associated heterophoria found with each test. PMID- 701716 TI - Functional relationship between myopia, accommodative stress and against-the-rule astigmia: a hypothesis. AB - A model is proposed to explain the well-established tendency for against-the-rule astigmatism to precede and be predictive of the later development of myopia. It is hypothesized that the against-the-rule astigmatism is a functional adaptation to reduce near point stress by permitting reduced accommodative output (increased lag of accommodation) while maintaining resolution for the primarily vertically oriented characters of the English language. PMID- 701717 TI - Dimensional stability of lathe cut C.A.B. lenses. AB - Measurements of the back central optical radius in the course of 336 hours of hydration of lathe cut corneal lenses disclosed changes in curvature which were more rapid and of greater magnitude than those previously reported for poly (methyl methacrylate) lenses. PMID- 701718 TI - Easier and more productive study and desk work. AB - This article is a uniquely optometric public service. Working from an optometric model of vision, the authors collected and condensed extensive information from many professions and scientific fields, developed additional material, field tested the information, and created an original, easy-to-apply handbook to help the very large segment of the population that does near tasks. Only an optometric model of vision can tell us how near tasks produce a general tightening of the musculature and undesirable changes in visual status, which in turn lower efficiency at near tasks; and that the way to counteract this process is to have minimal obstructions to movement at such tasks (thus, the information on chair and table design, shoes, etc.). Only an optometric model of vision makes us aware of the value of breaks to offset tightening, and tells us when to take breaks, what to do during breaks, and specific exercises to reduce near task stress. Only an optometric model tells us that the lighting which others consider adequate is often excessive and leads to fatigue, and allows us to determine the proper amount of lighting in general and for the individual. And only an optometric model of vision tells us of the value of adjustable arm typing stands. Because of its approach, "Easier and More Productive Study and Desk Work" reinforces the view of optometry as a broad-based discipline which relates vision to all areas of human performance. PMID- 701719 TI - Interdisciplinary health care: part III. AB - Since the spring of 1974, the University of Houston, College of Optometry has been involved in teaching optometry students the benefits of interdisciplinary health care. Optometry students have worked and learned with allied health, dietetic, nursing, pharmacy and social work students in a disadvantaged area in Houston. The primary purposes of the course were to assist students to learn about the expertise of other professional students, to work in an interdisciplinary team, and to learn about the multifaceted components of health care and the health resources of a community. This paper discusses the program and suggests this model of the Houston experience as one way of teaching interdisciplinary care. PMID- 701720 TI - Field study of a new progressive addition lens. PMID- 701721 TI - Effectiveness of optometric vision therapy. AB - One hundred consecutive optometric vision therapy patients' records were evaluated to determine what changes occurred in the visual processing system. An ordinal visual performance scale was utilized to rate visual functioning on a one hundred point scale. The scale divides the visual processing system into 10 functions of 10 points each. Each of the 10 functions improved at the .001 level of significance as a consequence of the binocular vision therapy treatment program. PMID- 701722 TI - Glaucomatous cupping--appearance, pathogenesis, detection. AB - Increased optic disc cupping has long been associated with glaucoma. In this paper the appearance, pathogenesis, and detection of glaucomatous cupping is reviewed. Emphasis is given to the increase in cup-disc ratio and appearance of the peripapillary area as being diagnostic of glaucomatous atrophy. The vascular theory for producing these changes is outlined and represents the most comprehensive attempt at explaining the changes of the disc in glaucoma. PMID- 701724 TI - Medical model vs. functional model. Is there a conflict? PMID- 701723 TI - The tilted disc syndrome. PMID- 701725 TI - Triple arthrodesis: a retrospective study. PMID- 701726 TI - The foot and Apert's syndrome: acrocephalosyndactyly. PMID- 701727 TI - Clinical pharmacology: I. Dimensions in pharmacology. PMID- 701728 TI - The toe tourniquet syndrome: a case report. PMID- 701729 TI - Dorsolateral dislocations of the lateral tarsometatarsal joints: a case presentation. PMID- 701730 TI - Rohadur contact dermatitis: a case report. PMID- 701731 TI - Angiomyolipoma of the foot: a case report. PMID- 701732 TI - Case records of the California Podiatry Hospital. Clinicopathologic exercise: Plantar fascilitis. PMID- 701733 TI - A model proposal for the inclusion of podiatry within a health systems agency. PMID- 701734 TI - Maturational variations and genetic-dynamic issues. AB - Psychic issues may influence apparatus functioning, and thus may lead to maturational variations. However, in this papper I have emphasized the converse: the influence of maturational variations on psychic issues. I have singled out for discussion three areas of the originally autonomous sphere: perception, motility, and language. The variations on which I have elaborated include: special sensitivities, maturational delays, and lags in achievement which we may perceive in the genetic background of our analytic patients. If such variations occur in the beginning of life, they primarily affect ego structuring, and anxiety and aggression potentials. In addition, they may leave imprints which may find later psychological expression as well. If they occur after the emergence of speech, symbolic thinking, and selfawareness, the resultant problems will contribute mainly to neurotic elaborations. Most important in tracing variations and their effects appears to be the organizing, integrative function. This function, already at work at the start of life, develops in accordance with its own biologically predetermined timetable. Viewed in this way, I would suggest that the organizing function itself may well be autonomous, since it does not arise out of conflict, and since, to use Hartmann's phrasing, it is "not acquired," but "rests on constitutional givens." PMID- 701735 TI - Instinct theory, object relations, and psychic-structure formation. PMID- 701736 TI - Boyhood gender aberrations: treatment issues. AB - Although it is not yet clear what boyhood behaviors indicate an adult homosexual outcome, femininity is one reliable marker. The earlier and greater the femininity, the more likely will it be resistant to treatment, in childhood or adult life. Once an evaluation has revealed the femininity is intense, treatment should quickly begin and, when possible, include both mother and father. If the boy is to become more masculine, his mother will have to allow--encourage--him finally to separate from her, and his father will have to start serving as an adequate model for masculinity. PMID- 701737 TI - Theoretical assumptions of concepts of the borderline personality. PMID- 701738 TI - [Foetoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Foetoscopy consists of the introduction into the ovular cavity, at the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy, of an optical device in order to be able to observe the foetus and the foetal surface of the placenta. It may be used to detect certain foetal malformations which are not seen by echography and to collect foetal red cells by direct puncture of a placental vein. Its major indication is the prenatal diagnosis of homozygous forms of haemoglobinopathies: sickle cell disease and beta-thalassaemia. It is a dangerous investigation which requires great experience and perfect organisation. PMID- 701739 TI - [The pregnancy occuring during oral contraception or intra uterine device (i.u.d.) (author's transl)]. AB - It seems possible to answer most of the questions asked by our patients after failure of the contraception. The pill stopped within the first five weeks of gestation has never been responsible of congenital malformations. When this treatment is prolonged during the pregnancy, a risk of masculinisation of female fetus exists. No severe malformations has been reported. The I.U.D. does not play a role in the frequency of tubal pregnancy. The I.U.D. must be removed when a pregnancy occurs to prevent the risk of sepsis. PMID- 701740 TI - [Post-partum contraception (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have come to the conclusion that the ideal time to start female contraception is when the periods return following delivery. They arrived at this conclusion after studying the disadvantages of the various methods of hormone contraception and of mechanical female contraception immediately following delivery. Directly after delivery contraception should be in the hands of the man and not the woman. If better information is given to the couple during pregnancy and in the postnatal period it should direct them towards such formations of contraception. The problem, however, of grand multipara who are feckless, ignorant and of low social class, still remains. Medroxyprogesterone, if it is used at all immediately after delivery, should be given in a dose of 150 mg. As far as tubal ligation by mini-laparotomy after delivery goes this is permanent contraception and its indications should be considered with very great care. PMID- 701741 TI - [Avoidable perinatal deaths and prenatal consultation (author's transl)]. AB - Perinatal deaths may be avoided by the prenatal consultation. We show that women with a previous preterm delivery may have a term child if they are correctly followed, that adolescent pregnancies can have term birth with good social support and medical support. We show that uterine height (pubis-fundus) is a good measure of fetal development, giving a better prediction of term weight compared to echotomography from 28 to 36 weeks, afterwhat echo is obviously better. This means that simple clinical measures can reduce during pregnancy important causes of perinatal deaths. PMID- 701742 TI - [The avoidable neonatal injuries during delivery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe their approach which was designed to meet three imperatives, namely: --to prevent severe foetal distress, --to detect severe foetal distress by systematic use of the cardiotocography, --to avoid unnecessary interventions by supervising the metabolic state of the mother and the foetus which makes it possible to distinguish foetal acidosis by hypoxia necessitating rapid intervention from foetal acidosis of maternal origin for which extraction is not generally necessary. Their action has made it possible to reduce the number of caesarian during labour which achieving extremely low perinatal mortality and morbidity rates. PMID- 701743 TI - [The pathological secretion of prolactin (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of hyperprolactinaemia is dominated by the search for an active pituitary adenoma, which, if it is at all large, requires neuro-surgical operation. In cases where a microadenoma is responsible or where the pathological secretion of prolactin is istrogenic, the most serious consequence is sterility. Hyperprolactinaemia in fact works at two levels: on cyclical gonadotrophic activity and on luteal function. Whatever the cause is, bromocriptine allows hyperprolactinaemia to be corrected together with the disturbances of ovulation resulting from it. PMID- 701745 TI - [Microsurgery in gynecology and obstetrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 701744 TI - [Instruments in microsurgery (author's transl)]. AB - Instruments are at the basis of microsurgery. An operating microscope is the main element and the most important and expensive thing to buy. Yet it is possible to begin with a simple microscope as the ZEISS OMPI 1, or its copy by BAG. Five or six intruments are necessary except irrigation set up, clamps, bipolar coagulation. Suture material will be selected for each times. Microsurgery demands an important training before applying it in the operating room. A good operating position will also be required in order to perform efficiently. PMID- 701746 TI - [Tubal microsurgery: methodology (author's transl)]. AB - --A few assessments concerning general methodology of microsurgery and surgical repair of the Fallopian tubes are presented. --Some serials on the operating room setting-up are proposed on a practical point of view. --The value of the microsurgical approach is then reviewed for each particular technique of tuboplasty. PMID- 701748 TI - [Management in threatened abortions (author's transl)]. PMID- 701747 TI - [Tubal microsurgery. Its indications and results (author's transl)]. PMID- 701749 TI - [The value of echography in cases of threatened abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Echographic examination brings to the screening and determination of the seriousness of a threatened abortion features of prime importance. These are such as to change greatly the management. They are concerned with: --on the one hand the morphology of the oocyte, --and on the other hand the recognition and evaluation objectively of the criteria of the viability of the embryo and the activity of its heart and its motility. PMID- 701751 TI - [General conclusions: management of threatened abortion in the first trimester]. PMID- 701752 TI - [Artificial insemination with the sperm of the husband (author's transl)]. AB - --128 women underwent artificial insemination with husband's semen (A I H) after an over 3 years period of sterility. --The most frequently recorded indication was low sperm density and/or reduced sperm motility. To increase sperm concentration and motility split ejaculates were most often utilised but also different other methods. --The pregnancy rate was 31 p. 100 and the success rate per cycle was 5 p. 100. PMID- 701750 TI - [The hormonal levels in case of abortion during the first trimester (author's transl)]. PMID- 701753 TI - [Hirsutism (author's transl)]. AB - Hirsutism may arise from two different causes: an increased production of active androgens by the adrenals and/or an increased utilization of circulating androgens by the target cells of the skin i.e. idiopathic hirsutism. Plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels are the best indexes of androgen production. Testosterone 5 alpha-reductase capacity in the skin and urinary 3 alpha-androstanediol reflect androgen utilization. In most hirsutisms, the only plasma testosterone level give sufficient information: it is normal with normal ovulatory cycles in idiopathic hirsutism, it is slightly elevated in ovarian dystrophy, the most frequent causes of hirsutism. More sophisticated investigations are only needed when testosterone levels appear to be over 1.50 ng/ml. In these cases, one could expect an uncommon etiology such as virilizing tumor on a delayed onset of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 701754 TI - [The onset of labour. A reminder of its physiology (author's transl)]. AB - Until recently the onset of labour was considered to be due to changes in maternal hormone levels which were represented by a drop in the progesterone and a rise in the oxytocin levels. Recent work has shown that onset of labour is associated with several phenomena which take place parallel to one another, and they are immunological, haemodynamic, biochemical, mechanical, psychological and hormonal. The last of these are far and away the most important and have three sources: a placental source; a maternal source of sex steroids, oxytocin and prostaglandins and; of fetal origin, adrenal and posterior pituitary hormones. It seems that the prostaglandins and the maturation of the fetal brain are at present considered to be all-important. Better knowledge of the physiology of the onset of labour has led to greater success in pharmaco-dynamically induced labour, but this is not yet truly physiological. Therefore except in cases of pathology it does not seem right to undertake the risks of inducing labour more or less systematically. PMID- 701755 TI - [Induction of labour, at term, by oral prostaglandines E2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 701756 TI - [Reflections on the starting of labour (author's transl)]. PMID- 701757 TI - [The practice of gynecology and obstetrics in Great Britain and the role of the Royal College. I. Role of the Royal College within British medicine]. PMID- 701758 TI - [The practice of gynecology and obstetrics in the United Kingdom]. PMID- 701759 TI - [Personal experience with delivery under peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 701760 TI - [Intraductal epithelial hyperplasia]. PMID- 701761 TI - [Echographic surveillance of ovulation induction]. PMID- 701762 TI - [Purification of anti-D antibodies in severely immunized pregnancy]. PMID- 701763 TI - [A new vaginal silicone prosthesis for the treatment of vaginal aplasia]. PMID- 701764 TI - Pharmacological alterations in the clotting mechanism: use in microvascular surgery. AB - At the present time there is confusion as to what pharmacological adjuncts are helpful toward increasing patency rates of microvascular repairs. To select a drug rationally, an understanding of the clotting mechanism in small vessels is essential so that agents may be selected that alone or in combination will react with the elements of the blood and will allow for continued perfusion without risk of hemorrhage or toxicity. Drugs which are Federal Drug Aministration approved and currently available are drugs having nonspecific effects involving more than one aspect of the clotting mechanism; they often in undesirable as well as desirable effects. Further development will result in the use of more selective and sophisticated agents. Presently it would appear desirable to employ agents to (1) increase blood flow and decrease blood viscosity, such as dextran 70; (2) decrease platelet functions, such as aspirin-type drugs; (3) mitigate against the actions of thrombin on platelets and fibrinogen using low-dose heparin; (4) reduce anxiety and vasospasm using chlorpromazine or Thorazine. PMID- 701765 TI - Free muscle transplantation to provide active finger flexion. AB - Free muscle transplatation is a procedure which involves the transfer of a skeletal muscle from one location in the body to another. Viability is maintained by microvascular anastomoses of the muscle's artery and vein to a suitable artery and vein in the recipient site. Voluntary muscle contraction is obtained by suturing of the muscle's motor nerve to an appropriate motor nerve in the recipient site. Two cases are presented; one using the gracilis and the other using the pectoralis major muscle. The indication for each transplantation was the traumatic loss of long flexor musculature to the digits. In both cases transplanted muscles survived and are functioning well. Excellent grip strength and nearly a full range of finger movement were provided by the transplanted muscle. PMID- 701766 TI - Intraosseous wiring of the digital skeleton. AB - One hundred cases of osteosynthesis done by the use of intraosseous wiring are presented. Two techniques of wiring are described, one used in transverse fractures and arthrodeses in which an additional Kirschner wire is employed, the other in which No. 0 monofilament wire can be placed perpendicular to the line of osteosynthesis. Forty-seven fractures were treated and there was union in all cases; 53 arthrodeses were performed, with failure in five, due, it is believed, to a failure to observe the essential elements of the technique, namely the need to obtain congruous bone ends and to maintain all internal fixation until there is clinical evidence of union. Overall, 83.2% of the maximum attainable total active range of motion was achieved in the 100 cases. PMID- 701767 TI - Polydactyly and the triphalangeal thumb. AB - Polydactyly associated with triphalangeal thumb is not rare, as among the records of 1,269 patients with congenital deformation of the upper extremity at the University of Iowa there were 21 patients with 32 hands with such involvement. More detailed classification based on Wassel's work was made. Treatment should be early, with removal of the radial digit if equal in size, excision of all accessory parts including delta bone when present, reconstruction of joint ligaments or joint fusion and osteotomy for correction of deviations. Care should be taken to avoid leaving a narrow first web space. PMID- 701768 TI - Congenital arteriovenous fistulas of the hand. PMID- 701769 TI - Immune competence and diabetes mellitus: pyogenic human hand infections. AB - An unexpectedly high incidence of diabetes mellitus was found in 12 patients with pyogenic hand infections. Three patients had overt diabetes, four had latent diabetes, and only five were normal when tested after resolution of the acute inflamatory state. Cellular immunity, assessed in five patients by intradermal injections of common antigens and the topical application of the neoantigen, dinitrochlorobenzene, appeared to be grossly normal in all patients. If changes in immunity were present, it is likely that the skin tests were not sensitive enough to detect these alterations. PMID- 701770 TI - Doppler hemodynamic assessment of obscure symptomatology in the upper extremity. AB - Thirty-eight patients were studied because of symptoms thought to be vascular in origin. In 18 patients in whom angiography was performed, the presence or absence of hemodynamically significant vascular occlusive lesions was predicted correctly by Doppler ultrasound techniques. Normal Doppler studies in the remaining 20 patients expedited nonvascular diagnostic evaluation and treatment and helped to avoid unnecessary angiography. Studies required 15 to 20 minutes and no complications occurred. Noninvasive Doppler evaluation is inexpensive, free of risk, and provides an accurate means of determining alterations in upper extremety hemodynamics. PMID- 701771 TI - The spiral oblique retinacular ligament (SORL). AB - A procedure is described for reconstruction of the oblique retinacular ligament using a small tendon graft in a spiral fashion to act as a dynamic tenodesis to restore distal interphalangeal extension and to restrain proximal interphalangeal hyperextension. The method has been uniformly successful in the treatment of post traumatic "swan-neck" or "mallet" deformity. Although the concept is simple, the procedure demands thorough understanding of digital anatomy for successful completion. PMID- 701772 TI - Palmaris longus tendon transfer for augmentation of the thenar musculature in low median palsy. AB - The palmaris tendon may be lengthened by a distal strip of palmar fascia and transferred subcutaneously to the tendon of insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis for augmentation of thumbs elevation from the palm. The transfer attempts to duplicate abductor brevis function in the complex act of opposition. The palmaris has appropriate strength, excursion, and direction for this purpose. It is properly phased for pinch activity and requires minimal retraining. Twenty eight cases of transfer have been performed successfully and without difficulty. The uses of the transfer have included cases of carpal tunnel syndrome with thenar atrophy, injury to thenar muscles, and direct trauma to the median nerve in the forearm. PMID- 701773 TI - The S-H-A-F-T syndrome in the upper extremity. AB - The S-H-A-F-T syndrome is a passive form of Munchausen's syndrome in which a patient submits to multiple surgical procedures to a part of the upper extremity. Apart from the obvious connotation, the title emphasizes that the patients are sad, hostile, anxious, frustrating, and tenacious, with psychological problems similar to those of patients with Munchausen's disease--problems which are aimed at secondary gain from a psychological and/or financial nature. Three representative patients are described who had a total of 25 operations as well as multiple injections of cortisone performed by 11 doctors in five different states. Early recognition to avoid progressively mutilating operations is urged. PMID- 701774 TI - Psychological distress and perceived health status. PMID- 701775 TI - Health status, health resources, and consolidated structural parameters: implications for public health care policy. PMID- 701776 TI - Method of payment for medical care and public attitudes toward physician authority. PMID- 701777 TI - Consumer satisfaction in a health maintenance organization. PMID- 701778 TI - Physician attitudes toward the nurse practitioner. PMID- 701779 TI - Differential access to preventive services for young children in low-income urban areas. PMID- 701780 TI - Sex roles, smoking, and smoking cessation. PMID- 701781 TI - Life change and illness: illness behavior of males in the recovery period of a natural disaster. PMID- 701782 TI - On the etiologic role of stressful life-change events. PMID- 701783 TI - A study of bacteria contaminating refrigerated cooked chicken; their spoilage potential and possible origin. AB - Cooked chicken was allowed to spoil in a normal kitchen refrigerator (variable temperature) and at a standard 4C. After 10 days' storage, bacteria were isolated from the chicken. It was found that the numbers of organisms at variable refrigeration temperature were tenfold higher than those at a uniform 4C. In an attempt to find the sources of contamination, swabs were made of different areas of the kitchen. Many of the bacteria isolated from the spoiled chicken, were also isolated from the kitchen environment. When pure cultures of organisms isolated from spoiled chicken were inoculated into sterile cooked chicken and held at 4C, the main spoilage organisms were found to be Pseudomonas putida and Aeromonas hydrophila, which were also isolated from the refrigerator where the chickens were stored in the kitchen. Aeromonas hydrophila was found in significantly high numbers on plates, cutting knives, chopping boards and cold water taps. PMID- 701785 TI - Field trials of brodifacoum (WBA 8119) against the house mouse (Mus musculus L.). AB - The anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum was tested against house mice (Mus musculus L.) infesting farm buildings. In six trials, treatment success was assessed from the results of census baitings conducted before and after treatment. With 0.005% brodifacoum in canary seed/corn oil bait, the control achieved ranged between 92.7% and 100%, mean 98.8%. Two mouse populations were eradicated in 3 to 4 weeks but a few individuals survived each of the other four treatments which lasted 6 weeks. The effectiveness of brodifacoum against mice is compared with that of 0.1% calciferol and 0.025% warfarin in combination. It is concluded that brodifacoum and calciferol warfarin are equally effective in controlling M. musculus but that brodifacoum treatments need to be conducted for a relatively longer period. PMID- 701784 TI - The problem of paralytic poliomyelitis in the urban and rural population around Lucknow, India. AB - A house to house survey was done from October 1972 to March 1974, covering 528952 individuals of urban population at Lucknow and 50,156 individuals of rural population of Unnao district, to find out the incidence of polio-like paralysis in our population. Among 12874 urban children up to 8 years old 8.2/1000 had polio-like paralysis while 4.6/1000 children of the rural population of 13554 children were affected. The incidence was significantly higher in the urban population. In the preschool age group almost 1 out of every 100 children was affected. A higher number of children were affected during 1968-9 and 1971-2, though it did not reach epidemic proportion. The findings show that paralytic polio is a serious problem in our country where poliomyelitis is endemic: this is contrary to the views generally held so far. PMID- 701786 TI - Klebsiella serotyping by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The development of a Klebsiella serotyping method by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) is described. Antisera were prepared against the capsular antigens of 72 type strains and tested for the specificity and strength of their precipitin reactions with antigens from homologous and heterologous serotypes. All antisera produced strong reactions with their homologous antigen: when diluted to titre 63 were highly specific, 3 cross-reacted strongly and 6 weakly with one other antigen. Pools of antisera for screening purposes were constructed on the basis of common crossreactions: component serotypes of each pool could be detected strongly and specifically. The technique is simple to perform, fairly rapid, and economical in the use of antisera. Results can be read easily and quickly and the intensity of cross-reactions compared directly. The technique appears to be more specific and is less time consuming than the Quellung method, but further assessment of its efficacy in typing routine clinical cultures is necessary. PMID- 701787 TI - Myxomatosis in the Mallee region of Victoria, Australia. AB - Sharp reductions in the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)) population in the Mallee are associated with annual myxomatosis epizootics. The extent to which the population reductions are the direct result of the epizootics varies with time of epizootic occurrence. All grazing animals in the Mallee are under nutritional stress each summer and autumn. When the epizootic occurs during the early summer heavy losses occur in a previously healthy population. Similar losses which occur in the late summer and autumn are the result of a nutritional stress - epizootic complex. The end result in each case is a population reduction of about 80%. This reduction occurs in a population which is the most resistant to myxomatosis known in Victoria and in association with epizootics caused by field strains of myxoma virus of moderate virulence only. The earlier summer epizootics are of considerable economic importance because they sharply reduce the pressure on the limited food available for other grazing animals. PMID- 701788 TI - Myxomatosis: the occurrence of antibody to a soluble antigen of myxoma virus in wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), in Victoria, Australia. AB - The occurrence of antibody of myxoma virus in wild rabbits following epizootics is highest in the semi-arid north-west of Victoria and lowest in temperate southern Victoria. Occurrence ranges up to about 90% in the north-west and to about 70% in the south except on the Western Plains where epizootics are rare and antibody occurrence seldom exceeds 30%. The establishment of the European rabbit flea may be changing the pattern of occurrence of antibody in the north-west by causing spring outbreaks of myxomatosis. It is suggested that the effects of the replacement of a simple recurring system of epizootic and breeding season several months apart by the occurrence of myxomatosis twice in the same year, once coincident with the breeding season, will be complex. The occurrence of detectable antibody may be less dependent on the infection rate and may be dependent to some extent on the relative timing of spring myxomatosis and the breeding season. PMID- 701790 TI - Nairobi sheep disease in Kenya. The isolation of virus from sheep and goats, ticks and possible maintenance hosts. AB - Nairobi sheep disease was seen principally upon movement of susceptible animals into the enzootic areas. This occurred most frequently for marketing purposes near the main centres of population. Other outbreaks followed local breakdowns in tick control measures. The disease did not occur in epizootic form during the period under consideration. Nairobi sheep disease was isolated from pools of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus but not from many pools of other tick species. No virus was isolated from the blood or tissues of a range of wild ruminants and rodents. PMID- 701789 TI - A survey of Nairobi sheep disease antibody in sheep and goats, wild ruminants and rodents within Kenya. AB - The distribution of antibody to Nairobi sheep disease in sheep and goats in Kenya was found to coincide closely with that of the tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. The proportions of a population in an enzootic area with antibody was similar in the different age groups. No antibody to the virus was found in rodent sera and while some low titres were found in some wild ruminant sera, these were considered to be most likely cross reactions with antibody to related viruses. PMID- 701791 TI - Contaminated roof-collected rainwater as a possible cause of an outbreak of salmonellosis. AB - Roof-collected rainwater is a common water source in subtropical regions and has not been associated with human illness. In Trinidad, the West Indies, a church group, attending a rural camp, developed gastrointestinal illness, caused by Salmonella arechevalata. This rare serotype was isolated from stool specimens of campers, foods eaten at the camp, and a water tap, which was supplied by a storage tank of roof-collected rainwater. The surface of the roof, used as water catchment, was covered with bird faeces. It is postulated that rainwater, falling on the roof, washed off animal excrement which contained S. arechevalata and led to the outbreak of salmonellosis through camper ingestion of contaminated food and water. PMID- 701792 TI - The safety of the Trexler isolator as judged by some physical and biological criteria: a report of experimental work at two centres. AB - We have assessed the effectiveness of flexible-film negative-pressure isolators by physical and biological means. We found that they afford a high degree of containment and therefore also of safety to hospital staff. We offer some recommendations on the operation of these isolators to ensure the optimum degree of protection. PMID- 701793 TI - Absence of binding of MDP, a synthetic immunoadjuvant, to anti-peptidoglycan antibodies. AB - The binding of the synthetic immunoadjuvant N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine (MDP, for muramyl dipeptide) to human and rabbit sera containing peptidoglycan (PG) antibodies was investigated. Studies were performed by employing the corresponding 14C or 125I-labeled compounds in Farr-type binding and inhibition assays. Whereas MDP did not react with naturally occurring or experimentally induced PG-antibodies, the analog of MDP MDP-L-Lys-D-Ala did bind to hyperimmune rabbit anti-PG sera, but not to the human sera tested. These studies indicate that the radioimmunoassays employed basically are applicable for the selection of nonimmumogenic MDP analogs possessing immunoadjuvant activity. PMID- 701794 TI - Enhancement of human eosinophil complement receptors by pharmacologic mediators. PMID- 701795 TI - The effect of complement depletion on the course of Sindbis virus infection in mice. AB - The course of Sindbis virus infection in 12-day-old BALB/c mice was altered significantly in animals depleted of the third component of complement (C3) by treatment with purified cobra venom factor (CoVF). Although the same percentage of C3-depleted and normal animals died (30%) after the subcutaneous inoculation of 1000 PFU Sindbis virus, the mean day of death was later in C3-depleted mice (8.4 days) than in controls (6.5 days). In addition, morbidity was prolonged in C3-depleted mice. Growth of virus at the inoculation site in the foot was not different; however, viremia was prolonged and the amount of virus in the brain was 1000-fold greater 6 days after infection in C3-depleted animals. These studies demonstrated that complement plays an important role in the host's response to Sindbis virus infection by participating in both beneficial and immunopathologic responses to the infection. PMID- 701797 TI - The Fc receptors of primary and cultured phagocytic cells studied with homogeneous antibodies. PMID- 701796 TI - Regulation of human lymphocyte function by a soluble extract from normal human liver. AB - The blastogenic and DNA synthetic response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and allogeneic cells can be inhibited by a nontoxic aqueous extract (LEx) of normal human liver. LEx reversibly inhibits the activation of PBL by PHA, arrests ongoing DNA synthesis, and limits the duration of the DNA synthetic response to PHA at concentrations as low as 0.7 to 1.5 microgram LEx protein/culture. In contrast, human T lymphocyte E rosette formation is unaffected by LEx concentrations in excess of 900 microgram/culture. LEx has been partially purified by ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and molecular exclusion chromatography and appears to be a heat labile protein with a m.w. of approximately 65,000 and an isoelectric point of approximately 4.08. LEx is distinct from other previously described human immunoregulatory molecules and is potentially releasable in vivo from injured or necrotic liver cells. Because of its potency and anatomic distribution LEx may potentially modulate immunopathogenetic events responsible for assorted inflammatory and neoplastic liver diseases. PMID- 701798 TI - Kinetic analysis of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: evidence for noncompetitive inhibition by autologous lymphoid cells. AB - Inhibition of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by autologous lymphocytes was analyzed by using classical techniques for enzyme-substrate interactions. We determined empirically that the interaction of murine spleen cells with antibody-coated targets to produce lysis was analogous to the interactions that have been described for an enzyme with its substrate. Varying numbers of antibody-coated target cells ("substrate") were mixed with a constant number of spleen cells ("enzyme") and the number of target cells killed ("product") was measured as a function of time. By analogy with Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics, two parameters of the reaction were determined: Vmax, the maximum velocity of lysis that is proportional to the number of killer cells present, and K1/2, an intrinsic property of the killer cells. These parameters were found to be independent variables. Addition of autologous lymph node cells produced a dose-dependent decrease in Vmax whereas K1/2 was not significantly changed. By analogy with enzyme kinetics, this inhibition is noncompetitive, suggesting that the autologous lymphocytes inactivate the killer cells rather than competing for the cell-cell binding sites. PMID- 701799 TI - H-2 control of tolerance induction to L-glutamic acid, L-lysine-containing polymers. PMID- 701800 TI - Liposomes as model membrane systems for immune attack. II. The interaction of complement and K cell populations with immobilized liposomes. PMID- 701801 TI - Myeloma-induced immunosuppression: a multistep mechanism. AB - Hosts of plasma cell tumors have a depressed primary antibody response. We have investigated the ability of cell homogenates and culture fluids from short-term cultures of spleen cells and tumor cells of mice bearing the MOPC-315 plasmacytoma to suppress the in vivo primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells. The homogenates and culture fluids of both MOPC-315 spleen cells and tumor cells suppress the antibody response in a dose-dependent manner. Culture fluids of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice contain a 10,000- to 20,000-dalton immunosuppressive factor. Culture fluids of non-adherent tumor cells contain a high m.w. suppressor. Injection of the high m.w. tumor suppressive factor into normal mice induces the expression or appearance of host cells that secrete the 10,000- to 20,000-dalton immunosuppressor. The tumor suppressive factor, but not the spleen factor, causes an alteration of lymphocyte membranes such that the anti-DNP activity of the MOPC-315 myeloma protein can be detected on the circulating lymphocytes of injected mice. PMID- 701802 TI - Clonal nature of the immune response to phosphocholine. VI. Molecular uniformity of a single idiotype among BALB/c mice. AB - The molecular heterogeneity of IgG antibodies to phosphocholine (PC) having a defined idiotype was examined in BALB/c mice immunized with PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Specific antibodies were separated by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and characterized for PC-binding, idiotype, and isotype by direct in situ labeling with 125I-labeled reagents followed by autoradiography. After immunization with PC-KLH, BALB/c produce 20 to 100 microgram/ml of IgM and 80 to 300 microgram/ml of IgG anti-PC antibody. The dominant fraction of anti-PC antibodies in BALB/c (and a lesser fraction in other strains) possesses idiotypic determinants found on a PC-binding myeloma, TEPC-15. Among 65 BALB/c examined, all produced an identical spectrotypic pattern of antibodies possessing T15 idiotypic determinants. Three major sets of T15-idiotype bearing bands were observed, but they belonged to three different IgG subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3. These data support the germ line origin for this dominant set of antibodies in the anti-PC repertoire of BALB/c and indicate that they arise from a single rather than multiple VH-VL pairs. PMID- 701803 TI - The importance of an intact complement pathway in recovery from a primary viral infection: influenza in decomplemented and in C5-deficient mice. PMID- 701804 TI - Target antigens of cell-mediated lympholysis discrimination of HLA subtypes by cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - The evolution of HLA specificities has been toward ever-increasing refinement; one example is a subdivision of HLA-B5, the supertype specificity originally defined as 4a. HLA-B5 can now be further subdivided into Bw51 amd Bw52 by serologic means. Whereas the specificity Bw51 can be detected by specific sera, the identification of Bw52 must frequently be deduced from knowledge of B5 and Bw51, although serology has progressed rapidly. There has been no comparable development in identifying fine specificities by cellular cytotoxicity in populations. We have now found that cytotoxic effectors of exquisite specificity can be generated against Bw52 by sensitization of cells from a Bw51 donor and vice versa; Bw51 and Bw52 can in this way be recognized with equal ease. This may set a precedent for recognizing fine specificities of other HLA antigens that cannot yet be identified serologically or can be identified only imprecisely. These fine distinctions may have great relevance in allotransplantation and in understanding disease susceptibility. PMID- 701805 TI - Double expression of VH region a2 and a3 allotypes in individual rabbit lymphocytes. AB - This study provides evidence that two VH region a group allotypic specificities are synthesized by individual peripheral blood lymphocytes from a2,3 rabbits. After removal of both allotypes from the cell surface with pronase, three types of allotype-bearing cells, a2, a3, and a2,3 were demonstrable after overnight culture in serum-free medium. Frequently, greater than 50% of the cells that contained allotype on the surface resynthesized both allotypes. In culture, reappearance of allotype was first detectable at 4 hr and increased progressively thereafter to a maximum at 18 hr. During regrowth, the relative proportion of cells showing both markers was maintained. The predominance of cells exhibiting only a3 over those displaying only a2 was also maintained. Reappearance of allotype was inhibited by cycloheximide but was manifested when the antibiotic was washed out. Monospecific anti-a2 antibodies could completely suppress the resynthesis of homologous allotype in culture and prevent the regeneration of a2 in double-bearing cells. Likewise, anti-a3 in cultures was usually specifically suppressive for a3 allotype; however, the double producers were only partially depleted. PMID- 701806 TI - Anti-idiotypic antisera in man. I. Production and immunochemical characterization of anti-idiotypic antisera to human antitetanus antibodies. PMID- 701807 TI - A general method for the isolation of the VH domain from IgM and other immunoglobulins. PMID- 701808 TI - Biosynthesis of the first component of complement by human and guinea pig peritoneal macrophages: evidence for an independent production of the C1 subunits. AB - The first component of complement, C1, was produced by human as well as guinea pig macrophages. Supernatants from serum-free cultured macrophage monolayers, tested separately for C1q and C1 activity, showed a ratio of 15:1, respectively, and a different time course of C1q and C1 production, indicating that the subcomponents of C1 are synthesized independently. Heat-inactivated fetal calf or guinea pig serum (2 hr, 56 degrees C), added to the culture medium, were found to be inhibitory for C1 but not for C1q activity, obviously due to still active C1 inhibitor in these sera. De novo synthesis was confirmed by reversible inhibition of C1 and C1q production by cycloheximide (0.5 microgram/ml) and puromycin (1 microgram/ml), by incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into the C1s subcomponent, and by uptake of incorporated radioactivity by EA, which was sensitive to EDTA. In additional experiments, 2,2'-dipyridyl markedly reduced C1q and also C1 secretion in the supernatants. Inhibition of the prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation and, as a consequence, structural instability of the collagenous region in the C1q molecule, is discussed as the cause of this effect which is analogous to collagen biosynthesis. PMID- 701809 TI - Regulation of the IgE antibody response in mice. I. Long-term production of IgE Anti-ovalbumin antibody in irradiated recipients. PMID- 701810 TI - An automatic multi-programmed affinity chromatographic system. AB - An automatic immunospecific affinity-chromatographic system for continuous operation is described. The system comprises time-controlled sample application, washing and elution steps and automatic dialysis of eluted fractions. The applicability of the system is illustrated by the purification of pregnancy zone protein on immunosorbent gel. PMID- 701811 TI - A simple, sensitive assay for determining DNA in mononuclear phagocytes and other leukocytes. AB - An assay for determining the DNA content of mononuclear phagocytes is described. The assay is efficient and very sensitive, measuring as little as 1 microgram of DNA. Content of DNA is a linear function of the number of mononuclear phagocytes in the sample. One million murine macrophages contain 10.1 +/- 0.36 microgram of DNA. Consequently, samples of as few as 100,000 macrophages can be accurately quantified to be related to other biochemical analyses. PMID- 701812 TI - A modified Marbrook chamber which is cheap and disposable. AB - The conventional Marbrook culture system has several disadvantages; the preparation and assembly of the chambers is time consuming, the size of the culture vessels limits the number of replicates that may be set up, and placing the cells in the inner chamber is a cumbersome and slow process. We have modified this system by the introduction of a glass ring to make the culture chamber; this is small enough to fit inside a plastic Petri dish which serves as the outer reservoir. The modified Marbrook cultures are easy to manipulate, cheap to produce, disposable, and give comparable results to those obtained with the conventional system. PMID- 701813 TI - Quantitation of protein adsorbance to glass and plastics: investigation of a new tube with low adherence. AB - Four different tubes were tested for adherence of human albumin, aggregated and non-aggregated human IgG and rabbit IgG: glass, polystyrene and cellulose nitrate tubes, and a new plastic tube, Minisorp. From the viewpoint of low protein adherence, the new tube was superior to the others, in the following test situation: (i) low concentration of proteins; (ii) 0.9% NaCl used as diluent; and (iii) when detergents in the tests are undesirable. PMID- 701814 TI - Modification of the Farr assay using ethanol-ammonium acetate precipitation and its application to the measurement of affinity of anti-HCG produced in several species. AB - A double isotope modified Farr assay was used to determine the total binding sites and affinity of antibodies to human chorionic gonadotrophin. Precipitation of the antigen--antibody complex at equilibrium with ammonium sulphate gave very high levels of nonspecific binding. Good discrimination over background was observed using a specific anti-immunoglobulin serum. However since we were interested in measuring the affinity of antibodies raised in several animal species it was more appropriate to use a single nonspecies precipitating reagent. We found that the use of a mixture of ethanol-ammonium acetate gave very low levels of non-specific binding in baboons, marmosets, rabbits and mice. PMID- 701816 TI - A rapid photoelectric method for reading cell migration. AB - A rapid photoelectric method for reading macrophage migration is described which eliminates drawing and planimetry of cell fans. The results obtained are shown to be concordant with those obtained by planimetry. The time required to read a cell migration experiment is reduced from several hours to a few minutes. PMID- 701815 TI - Phagocytosis of technetium-99m sulfur colloid by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - This study characterizes a new phagocytic assay system utilizing technetium-99m sulfur colloid as the phagocytic particle. Uptake of sulfur colloid by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes is a time and temperature dependent process that requires glucose for optimal uptake. In contrast to many other systems, sulfur colloid phagocytosis appears to be serum and divalent cation independent. An attractive feature of this system is the 10-fold increase in particle uptake with phagocytosis as compared to that at zero time. PMID- 701817 TI - Immune adherence: a quantitative and kinetic analysis. AB - Quantitative and kinetic analysis of the immune-adherence reaction (IA) between C3b fragments and IA receptors as an agglutination reaction is difficult. Analysis is possible, however, by use of radio-iodinated bovine serum albumin as antigen at low concentrations (less than 200 ng/ml) and optimal concentration of antibody to avoid precipitation of antigen--antibody complexes with human erythrocytes without participation of complement. Antigen and antibody are reacted at 37 degree C, complement is added, the mixture incubated and human erythrocytes added; after further incubation, ice-cold EDTA containing buffer is added and the erythrocytes centrifuged and assayed for radioactivity. Control cells reacted with heated guinea pig serum retained less than 5% of the added radioactivity. The method facilitates measurement of IA reactivity and permits more detailed analysis of the mechanism underlying the reaction. PMID- 701818 TI - Breast feeding by urban mothers. PMID- 701819 TI - Factors influencing hospitalisation in pregnancy (a statistical evaluation). PMID- 701820 TI - Dermoid cyst of the mesentery. PMID- 701821 TI - Multiple pedunculated fibromatosis of breast. PMID- 701822 TI - Mastoid abscess in a patient with typhoid fever. PMID- 701823 TI - Rural health care: problems and priorities. PMID- 701824 TI - Health programme in the rural set-up. PMID- 701825 TI - Rural health care. PMID- 701827 TI - Outlines of a community oriented medical college and hospital. PMID- 701826 TI - Rural health scheme. PMID- 701828 TI - Cost containment: where the monkey is. PMID- 701829 TI - The poor--and the poor taxpayer. PMID- 701830 TI - Emergency medical technicians. PMID- 701831 TI - Tax tips. PMID- 701832 TI - Cancer research--$36.5 million. PMID- 701833 TI - Mammography risks. PMID- 701834 TI - Depression in the elderly. PMID- 701836 TI - Legionnaire's disease: a case report with review of literature. PMID- 701835 TI - Raynaud's Phenomenon: treatment of a severe case with biofeedback. PMID- 701838 TI - Emergency Medical Council ready to act in central Indiana. PMID- 701837 TI - The fountain of youth or where is the estrogen coming from. PMID- 701839 TI - A simplified approach to dysfunctional uterine bleeding. PMID- 701840 TI - Coronary artery endarterectomy: its role in myocardial revascularization. PMID- 701841 TI - Aposymbiotic tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans obtained by feeding on rabbits immunized specifically with symbionts. PMID- 701842 TI - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: viral particles in early malignant lesions. AB - Two cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis were studied histologically and electron microscopically. Four lesions examined were histologically benign, and had viral particles morphologically similar to that of common human warts. Two lesions on the forehead and the face were histologically in the stages of malignant transformation, the intraepidermal epithelioma and the early invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Similar viral particles were also observed in the upper layers of these 2 lesions. These results suggest that at least some of the virus induced lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis actually become malignant. PMID- 701843 TI - The stability of vitamin A-induced metaplasia of mouse vibrissa follicles in vitro. AB - Tests were made of the stability of the previously described glandular morphogenesis and mucous metaplasia of embryonic mouse vibrissa follicles produced in vitro by excess vitamin A. The changes in individual follicles were observed in living tissue explants and serial sections. Upper lip skin of 13.5 day embryos underwent budding from vibrissa follicles to form branching glands which secreted mucus after 10--14 days in medium containing 4.7 microgram/ml retinol. If this medium was replaced with standard medium after 7 days, glandular morphogenesis and metaplasia continued unaffected, although some hair follicle bases returned to their original morphogenetic program. Similar results were obtained with skin of 13-day embryos treated with vitamin A (6.0 MG/ML) for only 3 days. The moderate degree of glandular morphogenesis in 15-day skin with vitamin A (4.7 microgram/ml) was not altered by the simultaneous addition of a high dose of cortisol (18 microgram/ml). It is suggested that the initiation of glandular morphogenesis of follicles differs from the initiation of mucous metaplasia in embryonic chick epidermis by vitamin A, in that it resembles a new secondary embryonic induction rather than a modulation of the epithelium. PMID- 701844 TI - Plasma membranes in psoriatic cells. A freeze-fracture study. AB - A freeze-fracture study of affected and unaffected psoriatic skin has demonstrated the presence of marked modification of the plasma membrane in the psoriatic lesion. In the lower layers of the epidermis, an increase of membrane associated particles was observed in many keratinocytes, possibly representing the morphological intramembranous equivalent of changes in the outer cell membrane demonstrated with cytochemical techniques. Furthermore, in the malphighian layer, numerous gap junctions have been found, which may be interpreted as a phenomenon compensating the uncontrolled proliferation, and may represent a point of differentiation between cell proliferation in psoriasis and neoplasia. This technique confirmed the poor tendency to adhesion of keratinocytes in extrajunctional areas, which had already been shown by other morphological techniques. PMID- 701845 TI - Greater promotion in sister chromatid exchanges by trimethylpsoralen than by 8 methoxypsoralen in the presence of UV-light. AB - The number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was determined in normal human leukocytes following exposure in vitro to UV light (365 nm, UV-A) and either 8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) or 4,5'8 trimethylpsoralen (TMP). Both psoralens produced an increase in SCEs, proportional to UV dose and concentration of drug. Neither drug alone nor UV alone promoted SCEs. The number of SCEs per cell was greater in leukocytes irradiated in the presence of TMP than in the presence of equimolar 8 MOP. At equimolar concentrations, TMP formed more cross-links than did 8-MOP. The difference in the effects of these 2 agents on various cell functions may relate to quantitative and qualitative differences in the photoadducts they form. PMID- 701846 TI - The evaluation of topical anti-inflammatory activity on rat ears subjected to thermal injury. AB - Topical anti-inflammatory activity of steroidal and non-steroidal agents was assessed on inflammation produced by heat. A burn was produced on the ears of rats and the inflammation was quantitated gravimetrically. Steroidal anti inflammatory agents were ranked in order of decreasing activity: triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone acetate. The nonsteroidal agents phenylbutazone and indomethacin were also effective in inhibiting the inflammation. Cholesterol, a steroid devoid of anti-inflammatory activity, was inactive in this test. Hydrocortisone acetate, in particular, appears to be less effective in inhibiting this type of inflammation than inflammation produced by croton oil. PMID- 701847 TI - The epidermolytic toxin of Staphylococcus aureus: its failure to bind to cells and its detection in blister fluids of patients with bullous impetigo. AB - Radioiodinated staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin was found not to bind to erythrocytes, blood leukocytes, trypsin-dispersed keratinocytes, epidermis or whole skin. Moreover the toxin could not be found to bind to murine epithelia by indirect immunofluorescence methods. However, the toxin, measured by radioimmunoassay, could be eluted from the skin of mice undergoing epidermolysis following intraperitoneal injection of toxinogenic Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, epidemolysin was measured in the blister fluid of 3 of 5 children with bullous impetigo but not in blister fluid from control patients with other blistering eruptions. Thus epidermolysin has been demonstrated to be present in lesions of the staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin syndrome but its mechanism of action does not involve binding to cells. PMID- 701848 TI - Tar and phototherapy. PMID- 701849 TI - Therapy with hyperbaric oxygen for experimental osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits. AB - Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is used as adjunctive therapy of chronic osteomyelitis, but its efficacy remains controversial. A recently developed rabbit model for osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus was used to compare the results of treatment with HBO, cephalothin, a combination of both, or no treatment. Cultures of bone were positive in 10 (91%) of 11 control animals (untreated), five (36%) of 14 animals treated with HBO, eight (47%) of 17 treated with cephalothin, and six (40%) of 15 treated with HBO plus cephalothin. All three treatment groups differed significantly from untreated controls in the number of positive cultures obtained (P less than 0.01), but there were no significant differences among treatment groups. In vitro growth and killing curves (1.0 microgram of cephalothin/ml) constructed after exposure to HBO revealed no change from parallel control studies in ambient air. These data demonstrate that therapy with HBO is at least as effective as antibiotic therapy. The therapeutic effectiveness of HBO does not appear to be related to antibacterial activity. PMID- 701851 TI - Reactivation of herpes simplex virus after decompression of the trigeminal nerve root. AB - Reactivation of herpes simplex virus was prospectively studied in patients after microneurosurgical decompression of the trigeminal sensory root, a new operation for trigeminal neuralgia in which the nerve is not sectioned. Reactivation was detected in 28 (50%) of 56 patients. Virus was cultured from oropharyngeal secretions in 25 patients, and 21 patients developed cutaneous herpetic lesions. Seven patients had positive throat-wash (TW) cultures but did not develop lesions, and the converse occurred in three patients. Eighteen patients had both positive TW cultures and herpetic lesions. In eight of nine instances in which a sequence was determinable, TW cultures were positive before lesions developed. A history of recurrent herpes labialis was associated with a higher risk of developing reactivation postoperatively (59.4% vs. 31.6%, P less than 0.05). These observations suggest that minimal stimulation or inapparent trauma to the trigeminal sensory root is sufficient to activate latent herpes simplex virus in humans. These patients provide unique opportunities to study immunologic responses and therapeutic measures. PMID- 701850 TI - Participation of immunoglobulin and the alternative complement pathway in opsonization of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the requirements for immunoglobulin and complement for opsonization of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The ability of human sera depleted of immunoglobulin or complement components to promote phagocytosis and intracellular killing of the strains of Bacteroides by human leukocytes was measured in vitro under anaerobic conditions. Neither hypogammaglobulinemic sera nor pooled normal human serum (PNHS) heated at 56 C for 30 min supported phagocytosis and killing of the strains of Bacteroides. Sera depleted of terminal complement components by treatment with inulin or cobra venom factor and C8-deficient human serum did not support phagocytosis of the test strains. PNHS depleted of C3, factor B, or factor D also did not support phagocytosis of either strain. Dose-dependent restoration of the opsonic activity of factor B-depleted serum was accomplished by purified human factor B but not by human C2. The results indicated that immunoglobulin and components of the alternative complement pathway participate in opsonization of the strains of Bacteroides tested in this study. PMID- 701852 TI - The malpractice crisis is over! PMID- 701853 TI - Cardiac surgery. PMID- 701854 TI - Family physician recruitment: a new approach in Iowa. PMID- 701855 TI - Legionnaires' disease: a case from Iowa. PMID- 701856 TI - Statewide medical care evaluation of bacterial pneumonia by Iowa foundation for medical care. PMID- 701858 TI - [Surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 701857 TI - [Thoracic trauma: lung injuries and clinical courses]. PMID- 701859 TI - [Future of esophageal surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 701860 TI - [Future of cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 701861 TI - [Future of thracic surgery, especially of pulmonary surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 701862 TI - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support for cardiopulmonary failure: experience in 40 cases. PMID- 701863 TI - Problems in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). PMID- 701865 TI - Atrio-pulmonary conduit operations for tricuspid atresia and single ventricle. PMID- 701864 TI - Hydatid disease of the heart. PMID- 701866 TI - [Surgical pathology and etiological mechanism of aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva]. PMID- 701868 TI - [Surgical treatment of acquired or congenital aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva- disease types and surgical methods]. PMID- 701867 TI - [Surgical treatment of ruptured sinus of Valsalva--evaluation of methods by types and etiology]. PMID- 701869 TI - [Surgery and follow-up results of ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva]. PMID- 701870 TI - [Surgical treatment and follow-up results of ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva]. PMID- 701871 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva]. PMID- 701872 TI - [Surgery of endocardial cushion defect--with special reference to the management of the cleft and surgical results]. PMID- 701873 TI - [Surgical treatment of incomplete endocardial cushion defect]. PMID- 701874 TI - [Surgery of endocardial cushion defect]. PMID- 701875 TI - [Surgical methods and results of endocardical cushion defect]. PMID- 701876 TI - [Radical surgery for the treatment of complete endocardial cushion defect]. PMID- 701877 TI - [Surgical treatment of endocardial cushion defect]. PMID- 701878 TI - [Physiopathology and treatment of blunt thoracic injuries]. PMID- 701879 TI - [Thoracic injuries--evaluation of injuries of the trachea, bronchi, and lung]. PMID- 701880 TI - [Thoracic injuries--physiopathology]. PMID- 701881 TI - [Physiopathology of adult respiratory distress syndrome in lung contusions]. PMID- 701882 TI - [Severe thoracic injuries and pulmonary insufficiency (application of a membrane type artificial lung)]. PMID- 701883 TI - [Evaluation of adjuvant therapy for lung cancer surgery]. PMID- 701884 TI - [Surgery and adjuvant therapy of lung cancer--with special reference to indications and effects of radiotherapy]. PMID- 701885 TI - [Adjuvant therapy in surgery of lung cancer--evaluation of chemotherapy]. PMID- 701886 TI - [Drug selection for adjuvant chemotherapy--sensitivity test]. PMID- 701887 TI - [Surgery of lung cancer and adjuvant therapy]. PMID- 701888 TI - [Adjuvant therapy of esophageal cancer--preoperative irradiation]. PMID- 701889 TI - [Postoperative irradiation of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 701890 TI - [Immunotherapy of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 701891 TI - [Clinical and experimental evaluations of myocardial protection in aortic valve and coronary diseases]. PMID- 701892 TI - [Clinical and experimental evaluations of myocardial protection--topical cooling]. PMID- 701893 TI - [Reevaluation of potassium arrest--continuous aortic block for 150 minutes]. PMID- 701894 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of myocardial protection in induced hypothermia during surgery]. PMID- 701895 TI - [Conduit operation for reconstruction of the pulmonary artery using a conduit- evaluation of the conduit and valve prosthesis materials]. PMID- 701896 TI - [Reconstruction of the pulmonary artery using a conduit--experiences with Rastelli's operation and its problems]. PMID- 701897 TI - [Radical surgery using a jump graft and its indication in Fallot's tetralogy and similar diseases]. PMID- 701898 TI - [Homo and hetro valve graft operation for reconstruction of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 701899 TI - [Experiences with Rastelli's operation in 41 cases]. PMID- 701900 TI - [Reconstruction of the right outflow tract using a tubular graft with an autologous pericardial valve and its follow-up results]. PMID- 701901 TI - [Surgery of esophageal cancer associated with dysfunction of the circulatory system]. PMID- 701902 TI - [Resection of esophageal cancer associated with lung diseases]. PMID- 701903 TI - [Surgery of esophageal cancer in patients with dysfunction of the liver and kidney]. PMID- 701904 TI - [Surgery of esophageal cancer with dysfunction of the stomach]. PMID- 701905 TI - [Surgery of esophageal cancer in patients with dysfunction of other organs- diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 701906 TI - [Open mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701907 TI - [Open mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701909 TI - [Open mitral Commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701908 TI - [Open mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701910 TI - [Open mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701911 TI - [Open mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701912 TI - [Open mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701913 TI - [Surgery of superior sulcus tumor and excision of the lymph nodes]. PMID- 701914 TI - [Combined resection of the chest wall and pericardium and lymph node excision]. PMID- 701916 TI - [Combined resection of the chest wall, aorta and diaphragm and lymphatic excision in lung cancer]. PMID- 701915 TI - [Combined resection and lymphatic excision in lung cancer--combined resection of the thoracic wall and pericardium and lymphatic excision]. PMID- 701917 TI - [Combined resection of the pericardium and left atrium and lymphatic excision]. PMID- 701918 TI - [Combined resection of the esophagus, pericardium and left atrium and lymphatic excision--use of a heart-lung machine]. PMID- 701919 TI - [The ideal length and standard formula for the patch infundibuloplasty in intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 701920 TI - [The study on right to left ventricular peak systolic pressure ratio (RV/LV) after total repair of tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 701922 TI - [Pulmonary insufficiency caused by hemorrhagic shock--with special reference to the effects of pulmonary blood flow and ventilation (author's transl)]. PMID- 701921 TI - [Enhancing effect of thoracotomy on the growth of ascitic tumor or lung metastases in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 701923 TI - [Clinical assessment of the valvotomy for mitral stenosis--late study of hemodynamics at rest and during exercise after open mitral valvotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701924 TI - [Statistical prediction of acute renal failure after open heart surgery. II. Multiple regression equations derived from four groups (author's transl)]. PMID- 701925 TI - [Complete transposition of the great arteries with persistent left superior vena cava. A case report treated with "modified Mustard operation" and ligation of right superior vena cava (author's transl)]. PMID- 701926 TI - [Anomalous inferior vena cava draining into the left atrium associated with interatrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (author's transl)]. PMID- 701927 TI - [A case of mediastinal schwannoma originating from intrathoracic vagal nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 701928 TI - [Aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis--a report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 701930 TI - [The pathophysiology and metabolic information of the red blood cells in liver diseases--changes in oxygenation properties in blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 701929 TI - [Amino acid reabsorption in cystinuria--the effects of monoaminodicarboxylic acids and amido group amino acids with special reference to glutamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 701931 TI - [A case of fulminant hepatitis treated with heparin and plasma exchange using blood cell separator (celltrifuge) (author's transl)]. PMID- 701932 TI - [Hemodialysis in lupus nephritis--analysis of six cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 701933 TI - [Some topics concerning etiology and clinical features of idiopathic cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 701934 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 701935 TI - [Present status and newer aspects in echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 701936 TI - [Prospects and reasonable treatment of Japanese coronary atherosclerotic disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 701937 TI - [Indication and long-term results of artificial cardiac pacemaker (author's transl)]. PMID- 701938 TI - [Factors influencing on CBF and autoregulation in patients with cerebrovascular disease--effects of age, duration after onset and site of the lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 701939 TI - [Echocardiographic findings of primary pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 701940 TI - [A case of Bartter's syndrome presenting unusual features (author's transl)]. PMID- 701941 TI - Scimitar syndrome: surgical considerations. PMID- 701942 TI - The infected mitral valve: floppy mitral valve syndrome complicated by Haemophilus parainfluenzae bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 701943 TI - Multidisciplinary management: head and neck cancer. PMID- 701944 TI - Normouricemic acute polyarticular gout. PMID- 701945 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 701946 TI - Aseptic cavitary pulmonary infarction. PMID- 701947 TI - Hypothyroidism in coma from status epilepticus precipitated by persistent hyponatremia. PMID- 701948 TI - Community hospital review. Infection following placement of Foley catheters. PMID- 701949 TI - Breast surgery. Current concepts in augmentation. PMID- 701950 TI - Swan-Ganz. The rational use of pulmonary artery catheterization. PMID- 701951 TI - Analgesic agents. A spectrum of pediatric criteria. PMID- 701952 TI - Oxygen toxicity. PMID- 701953 TI - Castleman's disease. Surgical management of the head and neck. PMID- 701955 TI - Hyperthyroidism and periodic paralysis. Hypokalemia in a black patient. PMID- 701954 TI - Rare infantile osteomyelitis. Report of a case involving the ribs. PMID- 701956 TI - PMMA. Treatment of pathological fractures using methylmethacrylate to enhance strength of internal fixation. PMID- 701958 TI - Retirement plans: self-employed vs corporate. PMID- 701957 TI - Chronic hepatitis. PMID- 701959 TI - How to start to stop. PMID- 701960 TI - Our tuberculous prisoners. PMID- 701961 TI - Craniosynostosis. PMID- 701962 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month: Take-off or put-on? Early repolarization syndrome. PMID- 701963 TI - Explosion of automobile batteries as a cause of ocular trauma. PMID- 701964 TI - Mediastinoscopy. PMID- 701965 TI - Why another ulcer operation? PMID- 701966 TI - Breast thermography. PMID- 701968 TI - The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: some new perspectives. PMID- 701967 TI - Brain stem electric testing. PMID- 701970 TI - Removal of gastrointestinal foreign bodies with the fiberoptic endoscope. PMID- 701969 TI - Background and recommendations for influenza vaccine administration 1978-1979 season. PMID- 701971 TI - Overview of the Louisville Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project. PMID- 701972 TI - Bromide intoxication: a persistent problem. PMID- 701973 TI - Photolocalized varicella. PMID- 701974 TI - A blueprint of change. PMID- 701975 TI - A realistic mammography perspective. PMID- 701976 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea and otorhinorrhoea following closed head injury. AB - A discussion of acute traumatic CSF otorrhoea and otorhinorrhoea is presented. The incidence of meningeal infection is reviewed and the management of these cases is outlined with special emphasis on the indications for surgical intervention and the otological procedures available. Two patients who sustained transverse fractures of the petrous temporal bone are described in whom subsequent attacks of meningitis were prevented by a new, simple yet effective operation. PMID- 701977 TI - Further observations on the vestibulo-dural channel. AB - A channel between the vestibular aqueduct and the dura, corresponding in texture to the main aqueduct, has been observed in an un-negligible number of cases. All attempts to establish a connection between this phenomenon and a variety of clinical entities, among them Meniere's disease, have so far been unsuccessful. PMID- 701978 TI - Otogenic intracranial hypertension. Otitic hydrocephalus. AB - Otogenic intracranial hypertension is a rare complication of suppurative otitis media. Two patients with the typical features of the disease are presented. An historical review of the literature on the subject and a discussion of the differential diagnosis have been carried out. In the light of recent neuro otological advances the management has been reappraised. PMID- 701979 TI - Ultrasonic labyrinthectomy--an improved probe. PMID- 701980 TI - Geographical variation in the incidence of operations on the tonsils and adenoids. An epidemiological and sociological investigation. Part I. PMID- 701981 TI - Malignant otitis externa. AB - A case is described of malignant otitis externa which was cured by a regime of general and local treatment, including the use of the antibiotic Tobramycin and timely mastoid surgery. The origins, progression, diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed with reference to some of the increasingly numerous reports in the literature. Reports disclose an increasing incidence and also an improved prognosis. The former is probably related to the survival of more elderly diabetics and the latter to a better understanding of the disease process and to early medical and, if necessary, surgical treatment. An important feature regarding treatment has been the advent of powerful specific antibiotics including Tobramycin. PMID- 701982 TI - A rare case of malignant otitis externa in a non-diabetic patient. AB - A case of an elderly non-diabetic patient suffering from malignant otitis externa is reported. The organisms were resistant to Gentamicin and the cause of death was a sub-dural abscess causing pressure on the pons. PMID- 701983 TI - Leiomyoma of the nasal cavity. Report of a case. AB - A 76-year-old woman had a leiomyoma of the nasal cavity. There are three cases of leiomyomas of the nasal cavity previously reported. PMID- 701984 TI - Acute laryngeal obstruction in Felty's syndrome. PMID- 701985 TI - Oesophageal papillomata in the child. AB - This is a case report of a 6-year-old female child with asymptomatic multiple squamous papillomatosis involving the hypopharynx and the entire length of the oesophagus. Total spontaneous regression of the papillomata occurred within 2 years of presentation. Associated asymptomatic laryngeal papillomata were removed by suction diathermy under general anaesthesia. The diagnosis was confirmed by direct microlaryngoscopy, oesophagoscopy, barium swallow and histology. The laryngeal hypopharyngeal and oesophageal lesions were identical histologically and macroscopically. PMID- 701986 TI - A schwannoma of the parotid gland. Report of a case. AB - An unusual case of multiple schwannomas of the parotid gland in a 44-year-old male is presented, and the natural history of the disease is discussed. Neural tumours of the salivary glands are rare, and the treatment of choice is surgery. Recurrence seems to be unusual unless the excision is incomplete. PMID- 701987 TI - Span of apprehension in learning disabled boys. PMID- 701988 TI - Academic achievement characteristics of adult males who were diagnosed as dyslexic in childhood. PMID- 701989 TI - Peer status and personality characteristics of learning disabled and nondisabled students. PMID- 701990 TI - Ecological factors in learning disabilities. PMID- 701991 TI - An intensive therapeutic program for learning disabled prepubertal children. PMID- 701993 TI - Using the test of language development with language-impaired children. PMID- 701992 TI - The effects of intraclass peer tutoring on the vocabulary development of learning disabled children. PMID- 701994 TI - Antecedent and contingent modeling to teach basic sight vocabulary to learning disabled children. PMID- 701996 TI - Curative radiation therapy for early breast cancer. PMID- 701997 TI - Chronic hepatitis. PMID- 701995 TI - Carcinoma of the male breast. PMID- 701999 TI - Medical fallibility: a rejoinder. PMID- 701998 TI - Medical fallibility and malpractice. PMID- 702000 TI - Medical fallibility: a response to Professor Gorovitz. PMID- 702001 TI - On the rights of the voiceless. PMID- 702002 TI - Five red herrings and an issue: response to McCormick. PMID- 702004 TI - Commentary on the essay of Joseph Agassi, "Liberal Forensic Medicine". PMID- 702003 TI - Liberal forensic medicine. PMID- 702005 TI - The problem of abortion and negative and positive duty. PMID- 702007 TI - Why science: a rejoinder. PMID- 702006 TI - The problem of abortion and negative and positive duty: a reply to James LeRoy Smith. PMID- 702008 TI - The family and the future of America. PMID- 702009 TI - Alcohol detoxification: central clinical problems in a psychiatric setting. PMID- 702010 TI - EMS. Emergency medical services in Alabama: an overview. PMID- 702011 TI - What in health do our schools teach? PMID- 702012 TI - Changes in oestradiol-17beta binding in the hypothalami and pituitary glands of persistently infertile ewes previously exposed to oestrogenic subterranean clover: evidence of alterations to oestradiol receptors. AB - The binding of [3H]oestradiol-17beta to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of clover-affected permanently infertile and control ovariectomized ewes was compared in vivo and in vitro. When [3H]oestradiol-17beta was infused into the carotid artery (10 ng/min), the total homogenate and the nuclear and protamine precipitable cytosol fractions of hypothalami and pituitary glands from clover affected ewes bound significantly more[3H]oestradiol than those of the controls. Cytoplasmic oestradiol-17beta receptors from the pituitary glands of clover affected ewes showed a significantly lower apparent association constant and a higher number of binding sites/mg protein in vitro. It is suggested that the hypothalami and pituitary glands of ewes made permanently infertile by oestrogenic clover are less sensitive to feedback regulation of oestradiol-17beta at physiological levels. PMID- 702013 TI - Elimination of infused arginine-vasopressin and its long-acting deaminated analogue in rats. AB - Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and deamino-arginine-vasopressin (dAVP) were infused into rats. When the concentrations of the two peptides were steady, the rate of clearance of AVP from the plasma was six times the rate of clearance of alphaAVF. Only 6% of the infused AVP was excreted unchanged in the urine, whereas approximately 100% of the dAVP was excreted. When the infusions were stopped, AVP disappeared from the plasma much more rapidly than dAVP. The plasma concentrations of the two peptides did not decay as simple exponential functions, suggesting that both AVP and dAVP entered a slowly exchanging compartment or compartments during prolonged infusion. These differences in the metabolic clearance of AVP and dAVP may well explain the prolonged antidiuretic effect of dAVP in rats. PMID- 702014 TI - Reversal of betamethasone-induced inhibition of intestinal calcium absorption by 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. AB - The intestinal absorption of calcium has been studied in conscious, unstressed pigs, using a modification of the double isotope technique. The oral administration of betamethasone (1 mg/day) to four pigs (25--33 kg) for 4 weeks reduced the calcium absorption coefficient, calculated after the intravenous and oral administration of 47Ca2+, by a mean value of 66%. The oral administration of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (2 microgram/day) in combination with beta methasone (1 mg/day) for a further 4 weeks returned the absorption coefficient to the control value. PMID- 702015 TI - Foetal and maternal plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F in the mare during late pregnancy and at parturition. AB - The concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F(PGFM), the stable metabolite of prostaglandin F, were measured in the plasma of catheterized mares and foetuses and non-catheterized thoroughbred mares and ponies during the last months of gestation. The plasma concentration of PGFM increased gradually towards term in all groups of animals. During the operation for insertion of catheters, maternal and foetal concentrations of PGFM were high, but the values fell to basal levels 24--48 h after the operation. It was found the preoperative starvation (24 h) led to a rise in the concentration of PGFM in the maternal plasma. The raised concentrations of PGFM during the operation were associated with low progestogen and high oestrogen concentrations in umbilical venous plasma. The subsequent survival period of the catheterized foal was inversely related to the maximum concentration of PGFM were studied during normal parturition in thoroughbred mares, during oxytocin-induced delivery in non catheterized ponies and during premature delivery or abortion in the catheterized animals. The greatest increase in the concentration of PGFM was seen in the thoroughbred animals during second-stage labour; oxytocin also resulted in a very rapid rise in the level of PGFM, which remained high until delivery. In the catheterized animals, the birth of live foetuses was associated with a rise in the concentration of PGFM in both foetal and maternal plasma during the last 2 h before delivery. Less consistent changes were found during abortion. PMID- 702016 TI - Effect of luteinizing hormone of the lipid composition of rat ovaries. AB - The lipid composition of immature rat ovaries was examined after induction of ovulation with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin and subsequent (7--8 days later) stimulation with 10 micgogram LH. Two hours after the administration of LH, there was a decrease of approximately 50% in the concentration of cholesteryl esters in the ovary. The percentages (by weight) of sterol esters containing stearate, linoleate, eicosatrienoate and arachidonate were reduced by LH treatment, whereas the percentage of the C24:4 acid increased. No changes were observed in either the concentrations or fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides. These observations suggest that the metabolism of cholesteryl esters is acutely affected by LH and that sterol esters bearing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are preferentially mobilized. Liberation of these unsaturated fatty acyl moieties may have significant effects on metabolism in the ovarian cell. PMID- 702017 TI - Action of prostaglandin E2 on the release of catecholamines from the canine adrenal gland and its interaction with acetylcholine. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline by the adrenal gland and the interaction between PGE2 and acetylcholine in the adrenal medulla were examined in anaesthetized dogs. In splanchnicotomized dogs, i.v. injection of PGE2 failed to induce any secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal gland, whereas administration of PGE2 into the lumboadrenal artery resulted in a slight, approximately dose-dependent increase in catecholamine secretion within 2 min of the injection. This effect of PGE2 was unaffected by i.v. administration of atropine. Intravenous administration of acetylcholine 1 min after the administration of PGE2 into the lumboadrenal artery of splanchnicotomized atropine-treated dogs had a markedly greater effect on adrenal catecholamine secretion; the resultant output was about twice that evoked by acetylcholine in the absence of PGE2. The effect was more than additive, since the response to acetylcholine was at least one order of magnitude greater than that to PGE2. This indicates that PGE2 and acetycholine may act synergistically in the adrenal medulla. PMID- 702018 TI - Effects of low calcium and low phosphorus diets on the duodenal absorption of calcium in betamethasone-treated chicks. AB - The effect of oral administration of betamethasone (25 microgram kg-1 day-1) on the duodenal absorption of calcium has been studied in chicks using the ligated loop technique in vivo. The chicks were fed normal calcium, normal phosphorus (NCaNP), low calcium, normal phosphorus (LCaNP) or normal calcium, low phosphorus (NCaLP) diets. Daily oral administration of betamethasone for 2-3 weeks markedly reduced the absorption of calcium in chicks fed the NCaNP diet, but did not significantly affect the adaptation in absorption when the NCaLP or LCaNP diets were fed for the same period of time. In one group of chicks, betamethasone was administered daily for 10 days before the birds were transferred to the NCaLP or LCaNP diets. Adaptation was again unaffected by betamethasone treatment. Administration of betamethasone caused a marked retardation in growth-rate, hypercalcaemia and an increased percentage of ash in the tibiae. PMID- 702019 TI - Biochemical changes in the corpora lutea of pregnant and lactating hamsters. PMID- 702021 TI - Influence of ovarian and adrenal ablation on the oestrogenic activity of diethylstilboestrol. PMID- 702020 TI - Rate of testicular maturation, in relation to gonadotrophin and testosterone levels, in quail exposed to various artificial photoperiods and to natural daylengths. AB - Rates of testicular growth and plasma levels of FSH, LH and testosterone were determined in Japanese quail exposed to various fixed photoperiods (number of hours of light: number of hours of darkness): 12L : 12D, 13L : 11D, 14L : 10D, 16L : 8D and 20L : 4D and to natural daylengths. All five artificial photoperiods stimulated spermatogenesis, with the testes reaching maturity after 30-40 days. Maximum rates of testicular growth occurred with 14L : 10D, 16L : 8D or 20L : 4D but the rate was reduced by 50% in birds exposed to 12L : 12D.. This reduction was due to decreased growth in the seminiferous tubule epithelium (and hence in tubule diameter); the duration of spermatogenesis hardly being affected. Near maximum growth rates occurred with 13L : 11D. The hormone profiles offer an explanation for the differential rates of testicular growth. In the three longest photoperiods, FSH rose from 20 ng/ml to peak levels of 300-400 ng/ml after 10 days. As the testes matured, so the level of FSH decreased to 50-100 ng/ml. This pattern was not seen under 12L : 12D ; the level of FSH rose slowly to about 100 ng/ml and showed no peak of secretion. With 13L : 11D a small peak was found, which decreased at maturity. In quail with testes is greater than 1500 mg, the level of FSH was invariably about 100 ng/ml. Patterns of LH secretion were rather similar with all treatments, but testosterone was affected by photoperiod; lower levels were found under 12L : 12D than 20L : 4D. The rate of photoperiodically induced testicular growth was proportional to the levels of FSH, and possibly also testosterone, in the circulation. Outdoors, testicular growth began when daylengths reached about 12 h. Maturity occurred within the next 40 days. The levels of FSH rose steadily but did not show a peak of secretion. In general, the highest levels of hormone were found in July just before gonadal regression which occurred when the daylengths were still quite long. PMID- 702022 TI - Production of somatomedin activity in vitro in the presence of growth hormone and cycloheximide. PMID- 702023 TI - Determination of tamoxifen in rat plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 702025 TI - Inhibitory effect of 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone in goats. PMID- 702024 TI - Failure of methadone-treated human testes to respond to the stimulatory effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin on testosterone biosynthesis in vitro. PMID- 702026 TI - Drug effects on responding maintained by stimulus-reinforcer and response reinforcer contingencies. AB - The effects of pentobarbital and d-amphetamine were assessed on key pecking by pigeons under conventional single-key multiple schedules and under two-key multiple schedules in which discriminative stimuli appeared on one key (stimulus key) while pecks on a second key (constant key) produced food. Pecks on the stimulus key had no scheduled consequences. A 60-second variable-interval schedule operated in one component of each multiple schedule: either extinction or a 60-second variable-time schedule operated in the alternate component. When the alternate-component schedule was extinction, a high rate of responding was maintained in the variable-interval component of the single-key schedule; responding on both keys was maintained in the variable-interval component of the two-key schedule. Pentobarbital increased responding in the variable-interval component of the single-key schedule and increased stimulus-key, but not constant key responding in that component of the two-key schedule. When the alternate component schedule was changed to variable time, responding declined in the variable-interval component of the single-key schedule; stimulus-key responding was no longer maintained under the two-key schedule. Pentobarbital decreased responding in the variable-interval component of both schedules. With an exception, d-amphetamine only decreased responding in the variable-interval component of the single- and two-key schedules both when the alternate-component schedule was extinction and when it was variable time. The results suggest that the effects of pentobarbital, but not d-amphetamine, depend on the nature of the contingency (stimulus-reinforcer, response-reinforcer) that maintains responding. PMID- 702027 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the structure of motile primordial germ cells of Xenopus laevis in vitro. AB - Primordial germ cells (PGCs) of Xenopus laevis have been isolated from early embryos and kept alive in vitro, in order to study the structural basis of their motility, using the transmission and scanning electron microscope. The culture conditions used mimicked as closely as possible the in vivo environment of migrating PGCs, in that isolated PGCs were seeded onto monolayers of amphibian mesentery cells. In these conditions we have demonstrated that: (a) No significant differences were found between the morphology of PGCs in vitro and in vivo. (b) Structural features involved in PGC movement in vitro include (i) the presence of a filamentous substructure, (ii) filipodial and blunt cell processes, (iii) cell surface specializations. These features are also characteristic of migratory PGCs studied in vivo. (c) PGCs in vitro have powers of invasion similar to those of migrating PGCs in vivo. They occasionally become completely surrounded by cells of the monolayer and, in this situation, bear striking resemblance to PGCs moving between mesentery cells to the site of the developing gonad in stage-44 tadpoles. We conclude that as far as it is possible to assess, the behaviour of isolated PGCs in these in vitro conditions mimics their activities in vivo. This allows us to study the ultrastructural basis of their migration. PMID- 702028 TI - Postembryonic development of the visual system of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. II. An experimental investigation of the formation of the retina-lamina projection. AB - In the compound eye of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, neurons from the retina project to the lamina in a precise topographical mapping. The formation of this projection was investigated in grafting experiments which altered the spatial or temporal relationship between the retina and the lamina. The results show that retina axons tend to grow along the paths of adjacent axons, with no indication of specificity for their normal termination sites. It is suggested that the orderly sequence of retina differentiation during normal development plays a major role in imposing pattern both upon the developing projection and, through some form of inductive interaction between retina and lamina neurons, upon the lamina. PMID- 702029 TI - Studies on dwarf larvae developed from isolated blastomeres of the starfish. Asterina pectinifera. AB - Not only a whole denuded egg, but also blastomeres isolated from 2-, 4- and 8 cell starfish embryos developed into morphologically normal, but dwarf bipinnariae, the sizes of which were roughly proportionate to that of the respective original blastomeres. Some of the blastomeres isolated from the 16 cell stage were also capable of developing into the larval stage. All isolated blastomeres divided in good synchrony with the control embryos. Blastulae of all groups gastrulated within quite a short range of time, around 14-5 h after insemination at 20+/-1 degrees C, although one-third of the 1/8-blastula missed this chance but gastrulated by 19.5 h. The number of constituent cells of the 1/8 gastrula was counted to be about 560, which corresponds roughly to one-half that of the 1/4-, one-fourth of the 1/2- and one-eight of the 1/1-gastrula. This ratio also fitted roughly for the total cell volume. The results are compared with those of other invertebrate species, as well as of some vertebrates, and are discussed in connexion not only with the concepts of 'regulative' and 'mosaic' eggs, but also with a criterion that does not fit into either of these; the developmental system of the mammals. PMID- 702030 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies on the hypoblast and definitive endoblast of avian embryos. AB - An unusual example of the invasion of one tissue by another occurs during gastrulation in the chick embryo when the definitive endoblast becomes inserted into the hypoblast. The two tissues were examined morphologically by SEM and TEM. They resemble each other in being of an epithelial type, though neither possesses a basal lamina. The definitive endoblast cells are flatter than the hypoblast cells and more closely attached to one another. When they were explanted in hanging drop cultures, the two tissues were found to exhibit differences in their behaviour. In comparison with the definitive endoblast, the hypoblast cells attached more readily to the glass, produced larger ruffle membranes, moved more rapidly, showed poorer contact-inhibition of locomotion and showed a greater tendency to break away from the main explant. When a hypoblast explant was confronted with a definitive endoblast explant, the hypoblast cells became displaced by the definitive endoblast. The hypoblast explant tended to fragment into smaller groups of cells, many of which migrated around the definitive endoblast, thus mimicking the situation in vivo. Control experiments comprised confronting hypoblast with hypoblast, hypoblast with somites, definitive endoblast with definitive endoblast, and definitive endoblast with somites. The hypoblast explants behaved in a consistent manner, always fragmenting when coming into contact with cells from a confronting explant. The definitive endoblast explants showed more contact inhibition of locomotion when confronted with definitive endoblast or with somites than when confronted with hypoblast. It is suggested therefore that the ability of the hypoblast cells to separate from one another may play an important role in the penetration of the hypoblast by the definitive endoblast both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 702031 TI - Cell adhesiveness and embryonic differentiation. AB - The aim of the investigation was to decide whether changes in cell to cell adhesiveness took place during embryonic differentiation. The technique of Curtis (1969) was used to measure the adhesive behaviour of several types of ectodermal, neural and mesodermal cells of the chick embryo at stages 7 and 12 of differentiation. Cells dissected from segmented mesoderm were found to be more adhesive than cells from unsegmented mesoderm. Cells from the ectoderm were more adhesive than those from the neural tissue, at both stages 7 and 12. Cells from both ectoderm and neural tissue became more adhesive between stages 7 and 12. It is concluded that an increase in adhesiveness may play a role in somite segmentation, but not in neural tube formation. PMID- 702032 TI - [Cytophysiologic differentiation in the epithelial region of the uropygial gland in the duck embryo Anas platyrhynchos]. AB - The uropygial gland (preen gland), an epidermal derivative, is a bilobed, lipid secreting gland located over the base of the tail of most birds. In the duck embryo Anas platyrhynchos, the internal branching morphogenesis of preen gland is set up at the 17th day of incubation. Each glandular lobe is made of numerous epidermal columns each of which is terminated by a bulb or end-bud. The functional differentiation of the end-buds and the development of the cellular columns into collecting ducts were investigated. The ductal epithelium, separated from the mesoderm by a continuous basal lamina, is keratinized just as in normal embryonic avian epidermis. The features which indicate glandular differentiation in the end-buds were described. Lipogenesis results from progressive cellular differentiation characterized by proliferation and development of smooth membranes. The direct ecto-mesodermal contacts, which were observed at the end buds after the establishment of morphogenetic pattern and before the onset of glandular secretory activity, suggest that a new interaction mechanism would be required to initiate the functional differentiation. PMID- 702033 TI - Biochemical changes in developmentally retarded Xenopus laevis larvae. I. The lens crystallin transition. AB - Premetamorphic tadpoles of Xenopus laevis reared in water containing 0.01% propylthiouracil are developmentally retarded and metamorphosis is prevented. When uncrowded, they continue to grow to a giant size. Moderate crowding leads to a slower rate of growth. Thus morphologically premetamorphic tadpoles were produced with lens diameters appropriate to either normal premetamorphic, climactic or post-metamorphic animals. The lens crystallins of such tadpoles have been separated by immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The crystallin pattern was correlated with lens diameter rather than with body stage. Giant retarded larvae possessed crystallin patterns identical to those or normal adults. The thyroid antagonist propylthiouracil is therefore unable to prevent the lens crystallin transition, the beginning of which is normally temporally correlated with metamorphosis. PMID- 702034 TI - Regional differences in mesenchymal cell morphology and glycosaminoglycans in early neural-fold stage rat embryos. AB - Rat embryos with two to four pairs of somites (day 9 of gestation) were examined by scanning electron microscopy and Alcian blue staining. The neural folds, which represent only future brain region at this stage, form a pair of elongated hemispheres with a deep neural groove between them. In transverse section the neural ectoderm is biconvex; the cranial mesenchyme cells beneath them are widely separated by extracellular matrix (ECM) and are joined to each other and to the ectodermal basement membrane by fine cytoplasmic processes and strands of ECM material. In contrast, mesenchyme cells close to the primitive streak are closely packed, having broad areas of surface contact and only small amounts of ECM. The nature and distribution of ECM, cell surface, and basement membrane glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were investigated by staining with Alcian blue at specific pH values in combination with enzyme pretreatments, and at various critical electrolyte concentrations. The results indicate that the GAG of the ectodermal basement membrane, mesenchymal ECM and mesenchymal cell surfaces are in continuity with each other and consist largely of hyaluronate and chondroitin sulphates. Differences in morphology and histochemistry of neural fold and primitive streak regions are discussed in relation to their possible morphogenetic significance. PMID- 702035 TI - The role of the cell surface in the migration of primordial germ cells in early chick embryos: effects of concanavalin A. AB - Effects of concanavalin A (Con A) on the morphology and migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in stage-6 to -12 chick embryos were investigated. Con A, at a sublethal dose (10 microgram/ml), inhibited migration of PGCs from the germinal crescent area to other parts of the embryo. Affected PGCs were more rounded without the usual cytoplasmic extensions, but the integrity of other structures was unaffected. Nearly identical results were obtained with another lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (10 microgram/ml). Histochemistry using Con A-horseradish peroxidase revealed that PGCs in control embryos had a thin, rather uniform layer of extracellular coat material (ECM). Con A appeared to alter the distribution of ECM on PGCs, i.e. some parts of the cell surface were devoid of any detectable ECM, while others had small, scattered patches of ECM. Con A effects were alleviated by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. Overall results of the present study indicated that the observed inhibition of PGC migration in early chick embryos is a consequence of Con A-induced alterations of cell surface properties. PMID- 702036 TI - Cell proliferation and cell density of mesenchyme in the maxillary process and adjacent regions during facial development in the chick embryo. AB - Cell proliferation, as measured by DNA labeling indices was analyzed during the early development of the maxillary process. Chick embryos were labeled with [3H]thymidine for 1 h and processed for autoradiography. The percentage of labeled mesenchymal cells was determined within delineated areas in the maxillary processes and in adjacent regions. Analysis of labeling indices in each of the areas at successive stages of development demonstrated a pattern of declining rates of cell proliferation with advancing developmental age. Cell proliferation in adjacent regions declined earlier and, in some instances, faster than it did in the maxillary process. Cell density was measured in the maxillary process and the roof of the stomodeum and was found to be higher in the maxillary process throughout the period studied. Cell density and cell proliferation data were analyzed with reference to the operation of 'density-dependent inhibition' of growth as a regulatory mechanism for the observed changes. 'Density-dependent inhibition' of growth was not a satisfactory explanation for the observed differences between the maxillary process and adjacent regions. PMID- 702037 TI - Ultrastructural study of the development of the auditory tympana in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker). AB - The cuticle in the tympanal area of immature crickets, Teleogryllus commodus (Walker), is ultrastructurally indistinguishable from that elsewhere on the prothoracic leg. It is only in the pharate adult that changes associated with development of the tympana first appear. In pharate adults and adults the external layer of the tympana consists of a layer of electron-dense material overlying a layer where the electron-dense material is interspersed with cuticle in which the bundles of microfibrils are coarser and more loosely arranged than elsewhere in the leg. The innermost portion of the tympana consists of this same type of cuticle without the electron-dense material. Associated with the appearance of the electron-dense material in the tympana of the pharate adult is a change in the toluidine blue staining properties from blue to deep purple. The reaction of the tympana in acid and base is consistent with their being composed of chitin. There are no major deposits of resilin in the tympana. In the first few days following the imaginal ecdysis the posterior tympanum and underlying trachea come into tight apposition due to the withdrawal of the epidermal cells. The epidermal cells do not withdraw from beneath the anterior tympanum. The surrounding non-tympanal cuticle continues to thicken for several weeks with the result that in the mature adult the posterior tympanum serves as an acoustic window in the thick cuticle of the leg. The functional significance of the anterior tympanum has not been established. PMID- 702038 TI - Retino-tectal projections from half-ventral and half-dorsal eye rudiments in Xenopus. AB - When the ventral half of a developing eye in Xenopus larvae was removed at stage 32, the remaining fragment rounded up and developed into an eye which looked macroscopically normal by mid-larval stages. Eyes from half-dorsal rudiments were usually small, had more than one ventral fissure, and showed abnormal pupils. The contralateral retinotectal projection was always found to be normally ordered when mapped in later tadpole stages, or, just after metamorphosis. No mirror image duplicated maps were seen, as was found previously in eyes deriving from half-nasal and half-temporal rudiments. It is concluded that the 'rule of distal transformation' does not apply to eyes which are generated from embryonic rudiments. PMID- 702039 TI - Identification and distribution of gap junctions in the mesoderm of the developing chick limb bud. AB - Sub-ridge, core, anterior and posterior borders of mesoderm were dissected from stages 22-24 chick wing buds to investigate whether structures for intercellular coupling develop between mesenchymal cells. Fine structure was examined using techniques of transmission electron microscopy, freeze-fracture and scanning electron microscopy. Gap (communicating) junctions which were observed between mesenchymal cells of all limb bud regions were distributed between apposed cell bodies, points of contact between cell processes and other cell bodies, and between contacting tips of slender cell projections. In addition particularly in the the subridge region, filopodia were observed to extend through the intercellular matrix to contact other cells several micrometers distant. The observations reported in this paper show that mesodermal cells throughout the limb have the structural capability for electrotonic and metabolic coupling during a critical period of morphogenesis in the avian limb. Whether intercellular signals which are thought to be transmitted through gap junctions are active in normal limb development remains to be investigated. PMID- 702040 TI - Neurones in the leech that facilitate an avoidance behaviour following nearfield water disturbances. AB - 1. A multimodel, multisegmental interneurone (Rohde's fibre, RF) and previously identified mechanoreceptors (T-cells) are shown to respond to nearfield disturbances. Both the T-cells and RF can fire for hundreds of milliseconds following a brief stimulus, and both have subthreshold excitatory synapses onto motor neurones that cause longitudinal contraction of the body wall, an avoidance response. 2. Natural stimulation or electrical stimulation of T-cells in one hemiganglion causes synaptic excitation of T-cells in adjacent ipsilateral hemiganglia and re-excitation of T-cells in the hemiganglion stimulated. A model of repetitive T-cell activity that incorporates previously described synapses among T-cells is presented: the T-cells in adjacent ipsilateral hemiganglia form a reverberatory circuit, re-exciting one another via electrical synapses; repetitive firing is terminated by synaptic inhibition onto T-cells provided by an interneurone excited by the T-cells. With repeated stimulation (0.1--0.2 Hz, 0.2 ms pulses) of a segmental root (directly exciting all the T-cells of a hemiganglion), the number of T-cell impulses per stimulus decreases. Facilitation of inhibition may contribute to the response decrement. 3. The T-cell-RF pathway is investigated. T-cell stimulation can elicit RF impulses in the same and in adjacent ganglia. The long delay between mechanoreceptor stimulation and a response in the interneurone suggests that spatial and temporal summation of T cell inputs may be required to reach firing threshold in the interneurone. 4. The impulse frequency of the RF response was compared for a travelling surface wave that is approaching a segment v. one that is moving away from the segment. It was found that the frequency was greater as the stimulus approaches; this should allow more effective temporal summation of the subthreshold synaptic potentials which RF evokes in motor neurones that cause longitudinal contraction of the body wall. Therefore, the probability of contraction is greater in segments toward which a stimulus is moving. PMID- 702041 TI - The metabolic cost of flight in unrestrained birds. AB - Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured during flight in unrestrained starlings by a new method. Mean RQ after the first 30 min of flight was 0.69 +/- 0.08 (+/- S.D.). Mean rate of carbon dioxide production was 19.7 +/- 2.2 ml CO2/min, which corresponds to a metabolic rate of 8.9 +/- 1 W. Metabolic rate during flight did not change significantly over a range of air speeds from 8 to 18 m/s and birds would not fly at speeds outside of this range. Current theories of bird flight predict a large change in metabolic rate over the same range of speeds. Wingbeat frequency was constant at 12 +/- 0.5 Hz. Wingbeat amplitude reached a minimum at a speed of 14 m/s and increased at both higher and lower speeds. Angle between the body and horizontal was least at high speeds and increased at low speeds. As existing theories do not take into account the change of drag resulting from changes in body attitude, this may be a cause of the discrepancies between theory and observation. PMID- 702042 TI - Evaporative cooling and water balance during flight in birds. AB - The rate of evaporative cooling was calculated from the rate of mass loss in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during 90 min flights in a wind-tunnel. Evaporative heat loss ranged from 5% of the metabolic rate at -5 degrees C to 19% of the metabolic rate at 29 degrees C. Radiation and convection accounted for the balance of the heat loss. On average, starlings dehydrated during flights at all temperatures above 7 degrees C. The comparison of these results with data from field studies, which indicate that long-distance migrants do not dehydrate, suggests that migrants may maintain water balance by ascending to colder air in which convection carries off most of the heat produced. PMID- 702043 TI - Neuronal control of swimming in the medicinal leech. IV. Identification of a network of oscillatory interneurones. AB - Four oscillatory interneurones that appear to be the principal components of the central swim oscillator of Hirudo medicinalis have been identified on each side of the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. During 'swimming' episodes of an isolated nerve cord preparation each interneurone undergoes a polarization rhythm that is phase-locked with the impulse burst rhythm of the motor neurones known to drive the swimming movement. Passage of current into any of the interneurones can shift the phase of the swim rhythm. One of the interneurones projects its axon rearward to posterior ganglia and the other three project their axons frontward to anterior ganglia. The oscillatory interneurones are connected both intra- and interganglionically to form a topologically complex intersegmental network of concatenated ring circuits that possess the feature of recurrent cyclic inhibition. Theoretical analysis and electronic analogue models show that the network is inherently oscillatory and can produce both a cycle period and intra- and intersegmental phase relations of its elements that are appropriate for generating the body wave of the swimming movement. PMID- 702044 TI - Neuronal control of swimming in the medicinal leech. V. Connexions between the oscillatory interneurones and the motor neurones. AB - A network of intra- and intersegmental synaptic connexions has been identified in the ventral nerve cord of the leech that links the set of oscillatory interneurones of the central swim oscillator to the motor neurones commanding the swimming rhythm. Excitatory connexions lead from oscillatory interneurones to both excitatory and inhibitory motor neurones, whereas inhibitory connexions lead from oscillatory interneurones to only the inhibitory motor neurones. Connexions leading from a motor neurone back to the oscillatory interneurones were found in only one exceptional case, an inhibitory motor neurone previously known to have access to the central swim oscillator. This network of identified connexions can account reasonably well for the mechanism by which the oscillatory interneurones drive their follower motor neurones into the phasic activity pattern characteristic of the swimming movement. PMID- 702045 TI - Regulation of arterial blood pressure in Australian tiger snakes. AB - 1. Blood pressure was measured in the dorsal aorta of restrained, unanaesthetized tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus) at different body temperatures during graded, passive tilt. Aortic blood pressure in horizontal snakes showed no significant change over a range of body temperatures between 18 and 33 degrees C (mean of measurements on 16 snakes = 42.2 +/- I.98 mmHg), while heart rate increased logarithmically (Q10 approximately 2.5). Blood pressure was stable during heating and cooling between body temperatures of 15 and 30 degrees C, but the pressure was 10--50% higher during heating than during cooling. 2. Head-up tilt usually caused a brief fall in pressure at heart level followed by partial or complete recovery and tachycardia. At the cessation of tilt, there was a characteristic overshoot of the blood pressure followed by readjustment to control (pretilt) levels. Head-down tilt typically increased pressure which then either stabilized or returned toward pretilt levels. Heart rate changes during head-down tilt were not consistent in direction or magnitude. Stabilized pressures at mid-body usually increased following head-up tilt and decreased following head-down tilt, indicating physiological adjustment to posture change. Blood pressure control was evident at body temperatures ranging from 10 to 38 degrees C, but was most effective at the higher and behaviourally preferred temperatures. 3. Propranolol lowered heart rate but did not influence pressure in horizontal snakes. During head-up tilt propranolol eliminated or reduced tachycardia and sometimes reduced the efficacy of pressure compensation for tilt. Phentolamine increased heart rate, lowered blood pressure, and eliminated pressure regulation during tilt. The results suggest that sympathetically mediated reflexes assist central blood pressure regulation in the tiger snake, with vasomotor adjustments having greater importance than changes in heart rate. PMID- 702046 TI - Control of the acute phase response. Demonstration of C-reactive protein synthesis and secretion by hepatocytes during acute inflammation in the rabbit. AB - To determine the cell of origin of C-reactive protein (CRP) and to cast light on the mechanisms leading to the acute phase response, we used an immunoenzymatic technique to visualize this protein in livers from rabbits at intervals after intramuscular injection of turpentine. CRP was detected only in hepatocytes. 8 h after turpentine injection, CRP was demonstrated in occasional periportal hepatocytes. With time, larger numbers of positive cells were detected successively in perilobular, midlobular, and centrilobular areas. On electron microscopy, CRP was detected in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), and Golgi apparatus (GA). When colchicine was administered to inhibit cellular secretion of CRP, intensity of reaction and number of CRP-containing hepatocytes were substantially greater than without colchicine, but the sequence of intralobular distribution was similar. At peak serum response 38 h after turpentine injection, CRP could be demonstrated in most hepatocytes. Electron microscopic studies showed accumulation of CRP on membranes and lumina of RER, SER, GA, and in cytoplasmic vacuoles. These findings indicate that CRP is produced by progressively increasing numbers of hepatocytes after inflammatory stimulus and suggest that a mediator, acting initially in portal zones, is responsible for recruitment of cells to CRP production. PMID- 702047 TI - Leukocyte surface origin of human alpha1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid). AB - Specific antibodies against human alpha1-acid glycoprotein reacted with human lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes. The antigen on the leukocytes is an externally located integral membrane glycoprotein which is made by the cells and has an apparent mol wt of 52,000. It is released from cells in vitro to the culture medium. The mol wt of the soluble fragment is 41,000, which corresponds to that of alpha1-acid glycoprotein in serum and urine. Peptide mapping confirmed that the main part of the cellular membrane antigen consists of alpha1-acid glycoprotein with an additional, probably hydrophobic fragment. This finding may partially explain the increase in the serum levels of alpha1-acid glycoprotein observed in many disorders involving leukocyte proliferation. In addition, the known sequence homology of alpha1-acid glycoprotein with immunoglobulins can now be more easily understood by their origin in similar cell types. PMID- 702048 TI - Isolation and characterization of IgG molecules expressing latent group b allotypes from pedigreed b4b4 rabbits. AB - Latent group b markers were detected in sera, in IgG preparations, and on isolated L chains from rabbits bred for homozygosity at the b locus. Serologic analysis of sera from an extended family of homozygous b4 rabbits revealed the presence of latent b allotypes in 5 of 37 sera tested. Latent b5 and b9 markers were identified; none of the sera tested contained latent b6. In two instances, the level of latent b9 allotypes was sufficiently high to permit isolation and detailed serologic characterization of the immunoglobulin population bearing this allotype. The fact that latent allotypes were detected in pedigreed homozygous rabbits minimizes the possibility that lymphoid cell chimerism is involved in latent allotype expression. Furthermore, characterization of the b9 IgG population indicates that the latent allotypic determinants do not reside on a subset of molecules with dual allotypic reactivity. PMID- 702049 TI - An approach to the development of new drugs for African trypanosomiasis. AB - The inability of the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to decompose hydrogen peroxide forms the basis of our attempt to develop new pharmacological agents to kill these organisms. Approximately 1-3% of the oxygen consumed by these parasites appears in the form of hydrogen peroxide. Our previous observation that free radical initiators such as heme and hematoporphyrin D proved to be trypanocidal in vitro and in vivo, respectively, prompted this investigation into the mechanism of action of this class of compounds to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. The locus of H2O2 production within the trypanosome was examined using cell-free homogenates. Experiments described herein suggest that H2O2 is formed by the alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase in an adventitious manner, and that no enzymatic means of disposing of this potentially toxic compound are present with the organisms. Naphthoquinones were found to substantially increase the rate of both oxygen consumption and H2O2 production by trypanosomal mitochondrial preparations. Presumably, the naphthoquinones are acting as coenzyme Q analogues. The addition of sublytic concentrations of both naphthoquinones and heme leads to a synergistic lysis of the organisms in vitro. Another approach to increasing the susceptibility of T. b. brucei to free radical damage involved reduction of the intracellular concentration of glutathione. This was accomplished through the use of trypanocidal arsenicals. Melarsenoxide and heme acted synergistically in vitro, an effect which was further enhanced via addition of a naphthoquinone. Moreover, hematoporphyrin D and tryparsamide were shown to have a synergistic effect in T. b. brucei-infected mice. PMID- 702050 TI - Inhibition of human erythropoietic colony formation in culture by treatment with Ia antisera. AB - Incubation with Ia antiserum, followed by complement, markedly inhibited erythroid colonies arising from hematopoietic cells present in the nonadherent low density fractions of normal bone marrow. Both erythropoietin-dependent colonies and bursts were eliminated at dilutions of antiserum equivalent to, or greater than the dilutions required to abolish the granulocyte-macrophage colony formation. The inhibitory effect of the Ia antiserum was abolished by absorption with B but not T cells from lymphoid lines. Available evidence suggested that Ia determinants are expressed on the erythropoietin-sensitive progenitors of the erythroid series in precise analogy to their sequence of expression on the granulocyte lineage. In both lineages, as shown previously, the Ia determinants become undetectable during subsequent stages of differentiation. PMID- 702051 TI - Type-specific radioimmunoassays for the gp70s of mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses: expression of a cross-reacting antigen in cells infected with the Friend strain of the spleen focus-forming virus. AB - We have isolated the gp70 of a helper-independent strain of a Friend mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) virus, Fr-MCF-1. This recombinant virus, like the previously described AKR-MCF viruses, has been shown by both biological and biochemical means to be an envelope gene recombinant between Friend murine leukemia virus (F MuLV) and a mouse xenotropic virus. Utilizing (125)I- labeled Fr-MCF-1 gp70 and antiserum prepared against an MCF strain of Moloney type-C virus (Mol-MCF(83)), we have developed a radioimmunoassay which detects immunological determinant (s)contained in the gp70s of MCF viruses derived from F-MuLV, Mol-MuLV, and AKR MuLV. This MCF determinant(s) is not detected in the ecotropic parents of each of these MCF viruses, nor in helper-independent murine xenotropic viruses derived from Swiss or BALB/c mice. A protein partially cross-reactive with the MCF gp70 determinant(s) is detected in a replicating xenotropic virus derived from NZB mice. Utilizing this MCF gp70 specific immunoassay, we can detect a cross reacting gene product coded for by the Friend strain of the spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) in rat fibroblasts nonproductively infected with SFFV. The results support earlier molecular hybridization studies which indicated that the genome of SFFV contains genetic information derived from both F-MuLV and xenotropic virus, and that the xenotropic-related sequences in SFFV are highly related to those found in MCF murine type-C viruses. PMID- 702052 TI - Comparison of wild-type and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis strains of measles virus. Neurovirulence in ferrets and biological properties in cell cultures. AB - The neurovirulence of two wild type (wt) and seven Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) measles virus strains was tested in young adult ferrets by intracerebral (IC) inoculation of infected Vero cell suspensions. Wt strains Edmonston and Woodfolk and SSPE strains Mantooth, Halle, and LEC-S did not produce a detectable encephalitis in the ferrets, but caused a significant formation of serum antibodies against measles virus. SSPE strains LEC, IP-3, Biken, and D.R., on the other hand, were all neurovirulent in ferrets, particularly strain D.R. which caused an acute encephalitis in all inoculated animals. Strain Biken was of particular interest since it caused a subacute encephalitis in four of seven ferrets. The subacute encephalitis was characterized by a long incubation time, persistence of virus in the brain for at least 8 mo, widespread inflammatory lesions, and production of measles virus specific IgG in the brain. A study of the biological properties of the various measles virus strains showed that wt strains Edmonston and Woodfolk and SSPE strains Mantooth, Halle, and LEC-S produced free virus particles in significant titers both in Vero and ferret brain (FB) cultures. Cytopathic effect (CPE) with cell-fusion was marked in Vero cultures, whereas only minimal CPE and no cell fusion were observed in the FB cultures. SSPE strains LEC, IP-3, Biken, and D.R., on the other hand, were mostly cell-associated in Vero and FB cultures, although atypical cell-free particles were produced by strains Biken and IP-3. All four strains showed cell-fusing activity in FB cultures, particularly strain D.R., which was the only strain that spread more actively by fusion in FB than in Vero cultures. The results are discussed in relation to the neurovirulence of the various measles virus strains in adult ferrets. Pronounced cell-fusing activity in FB cells and cell-association with minimal or no production of cell-free virus seem to be essential to establish a brain infection in the animals. PMID- 702053 TI - Association of low C2 and C4 serum levels with the HLA-DW2 allele in healthy individuals. AB - HLA typed unrelated healthy individuals (HLA-DW2 positive n = 64, and HLA-DW2 negative n = 72) were investigated for their C2 functional activity and C4 serum protein levels. For the C2 and C4 levels a bimodal distribution was found in HLA DW2 positive and HLA-DW2 negative individuals. HLA-DW2 positive persons had a significantly higher incidence of low C2 and C4 serum levels. Our data support the concept that genes governing C2 as well as C4 serum levels are in linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-DW2 allele of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 702054 TI - Abelson virus-induced lymphomagenesis in mice. AB - The salient facts which have emerged from our study of Abelson virus (MuLV A)lymphomagenesis in mice are that lymphoma induction is (a) age dependent, (b) virus dose dependent, and (c) under the control of host genes unrelated to other genes known to control murine leukemia (e.g., Fv-1 on Fv-2). Of 16 strains tested, only BALB/c and some of its derivative strains showed high sensitivity. Studies from CXB recombinant inbred strains and hybrids between them are interpreted to indicate that BALB/c carries dominant sensitivity alleles at two loci, tentatively designated Av-1 and Av-2, which conferon these mice partial susceptibility to MuLV-A lymphoma induction. In addition, H-2 may play a minor role in determining the susceptibility of mice to MuLV-A, its effect being seen only in mice homozygous for resistance at both Av-1 and Av-2. Virologic studies indicate that the resistance of adult B6 mice is not related to restriction on the helper virus replication, but is specific for the defective transforming virus genome. PMID- 702055 TI - Thromboxane generation by human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes were stimulated to generate thromboxane B2 in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion upon exposure to serum-treated zymosan particles. Conversion by stimulated PMN of [14C] arachidonic acid to [14C]thromboxane B2 was confirmed by thin-layer radiochromatography, radio-gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Generation of thromboxane B2 was independent of platelet contamination and could be inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. Cells rendered incapable of ingesting particles by treatment with cytochalasin B generated comparable amounts of thromboxane B2. These results suggest that human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes synthesize thromboxanes in response to surface stimulation independently of phagocytosis. PMID- 702056 TI - A macrophage tumor cell line and plasminogen activator. A potential model system for macrophage regulation of enzyme production. AB - The macrophage cell line, RAW264.10, synthesizes and secretes plasminogen activator. Production of this enzyme is inhibited by low concentrations of glucocorticoids and increased by phorbol myristate acetate. It is proposed that this line could be a suitable model for the regulation of enzyme synthesis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 702057 TI - The first component of complement. A quantitative comparison of its biosynthesis in culture by human epithelial and mesenchymal cells. AB - Epithelial and mesenchymal cells synthesized and secreted all three subcomponents of the first component of complement (C1): C1q, C1r, and C1s. Quantitatively, however, columnar and transitional epithelial cells secreted 400--3,700 times more hemolytically active C1 than monocytes or fibroblasts. Only columnar epithelial cells synthesized C1 subcomponents with subunit structures similar to their serum counterparts. Transitional epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes produced C1q and C1s with subunits of apparent molecular weights larger than reported values. C1r from all cell lines was physiochemically similar to serum C1r. PMID- 702058 TI - Degradation of serum amyloid A protein by surface-associated enzymes of human blood monocytes. AB - Peripheral blood monocytes incubated in a serum-free medium degraded serum amyloid A (SAA) protein along three pathways. Of 20 normal subjects, 8 degraded SAA completely with no detectable intermediates. Eight subjects transiently produced an amyloid A (AA)-like intermediate which comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with tissue AA protein and reacted with antisera to AA, whereas four subjects yielded a persistent AA-like intermediate on PAGE. This group also failed to degrade tissue AA protein. Cells from 10 patients with amyloidosis fell into the second group. The responsible enzymes appear to be serine proteases because they are inhibited by disopropyl fluorophosphate. They were not affected by epsilon-amino caproic acid, L-1 tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, or N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chlormethyl ketone. It appears possible that the enzymes are associated with the outer membrane of the cell because only a small fraction of the activity is secreted into the medium and because enzyme activity remains after fixation of the cells with glutaraldehyde which completely stops phagocytosis. Perhaps differences in patterns of proteolysis may play a role in the predisposition to amyloidosis. PMID- 702059 TI - Human C4-binding protein. II. Role in proteolysis of C4b by C3b-inactivator. AB - We recently described the isolation from human serum of a high molecular weight protein with specific binding affinity for fluid-phase activated C4. We show here that the C4-binding protein (C4-Bp) functions as an essential cofactor in the proteolysis of C4b in the presence of C3b-inactivator (C3bINA). C4-bp, together with C3bINA, cleave the alpha'-chain of C4b into three fragments called alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4, with mol wt of 47,000, 25,000, and 17,000 daltons, respectively. The alpha2 fragment was dissociated from C4b without reduction, whereas the alpha3 and alpha4 fragments were disulfide bonded the other chains of C4b. The reaction did not occur when either C4-bp or C3bINA were omitted, nor in the presence of either protein in combination with beta1H. Native C4 was not affected by C3bINA aand C4-bp. C4b was not cleaved when incubated in serum of a patient with genetic deficiency of C3bINA. However, when purified C3bINA was added, the alpha'-chain of C4b was cleaved and fragments with the same molecular weight as alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4 were generated. PMID- 702060 TI - Suppression of the immune response in C3H/HeJ mice by protein-free lipopolysaccharides. AB - The experiments described herein demonstrate the plaque-forming cell response of C3H/HeJ mice can be suppressed by a Boivin type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a deproteinized glycolipid. Suppression was observed both in vivo and in vitro, and could be transferred to normal cells in coculture experiments. This newly discovered effect of LPS in C3H/HeJ mice indicates that the adjuvant and inhibitory action of LPS may be distinct phenomena which are under different genetic regulation. Thus, the C3H/HeJ strain provides a convenient animal model for study of immunosuppression independent of the adjuvant effect. PMID- 702061 TI - Increased sialylation of surface glycopeptides of human trophoblast compared with fetal cells from the same conceptus. AB - The surface glycopeptides of human trophoblastic cells have been compared with those of fetal cells from the same embryos using double-labeling methods with isotopes of L-fucose and D-glucosamine. A faster eluting, neuraminidase sensitive, fraction was observed on Sephadex chromatography of the trophoblast spectra when D-glucosamine was used as precursor. Labeling with fucose did not appear to result in any differences, thus suggesting that the glycopeptides characertistic of trophoblast contained glucosamine-derived metabolic products, including sialic acid, but excluding fucose. This increased sialylation is similar to, but not identical with, modifications observed in neoplastic cells, and on this basis it is postulated that two species of glycopeptides may be involved in atypical cellular behavior. The first contains sialic acid and other sugars excluding fucose, and is associated with localized cellular growth and invasion. The second contains both sialic acid and fucose and is characteristic of neoplastic cells. PMID- 702062 TI - Protein kinase activity associated with the surface of guinea pig macrophages. AB - Protein kinase activity has been detected associated with the outer surface of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP incorporated 32P-phosphate into cell-associated proteins. Inorganic phosphate did not compete, nor could inorganic [32P]phosphate substitute as the phosphate donor, demonstrating that transfer of phosphate from ATP to protein is direct and extracellular. The macrophage-associated protein kinase was also shown to phosphorylate added acceptor protein (histone) and to be tightly associated with the cell surface. Thus, a new ectoenzyme, a protein kinase, has been detected in macrophages. PMID- 702063 TI - The effect of complement on the ingestion of soluble antigen-antibody complexes and IgM aggregates by mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Complement was found to stimulate markedly the ingestion of soluble antigen antibody complexes by mouse peritoneal macrophages. This was shown indirectly by measuring the release of degradation products when the complexes were labeled with 125I, or directly when the antigen, that was human transferrin, was labeled with 59Fe. In this case, the metal which was released from human transferrin inside the cells was not excreted, and its accumulation in the macrophages was a direct index of the uptake of immune complexes. The decay of radioactivity in macrophages after ingestion of 125I-labeled complexes was similar when they were taken up with or without complement, indicating that complement acts primarily on ingestion and not on digestion or excretion. The ingestion of complexes was morphologically confirmed using fluorescein-labeled antigen in the immune complexes. The opsonic effect of complement was also observed with IgM aggregates indicating that soluble complexes can be ingested through complement receptors without involvement of Fc-receptors, as required for particulate antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 702064 TI - Activation of measles virus from silently infected human lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes were incubated with measles virus for 4 days in the absence of a lymphocyte stimulating agent. Such nonstimulated lymphocytes, infected with measles virus, did not express the virus antigens that are detectable by cytotoxic antibodies. Approximately 1 out of 5,000, or even fewer, of such lymphocytes produced virus as demonstrated by the infectious center assay; in the supernate only 10--100 infectious viruses per milliliter were detected. No virus structures could be observed by means of an electron microscope. However, such lymphocytes showed no reaction to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in terms of DNA synthesis in a subsequent culture in the presence of antibodies against measles to prevent spreading of the infection to other cells. Although stimulation by PHA did not result in a significant increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation, measles virus was activated; 32 h after the addition of PHA nearly 80% of the cells were killed by measles virus antibodies and complement. The number of virus-producing cells increased to approximately 1 in 300 or more, and at 72 h the virus titer in the supernate had risen to 10(6) infectious particles per ml. This reactivation of measles virus was still obtained when PHA was added as late as 8 or more days after the initial infection. PMID- 702065 TI - The Qa-1 antigenic system. Relation of Qa-1 phenotypes to lymphocyte sets, mitogen responses, and immune functions. AB - The antiserum (B6 X A-Tlab) anti-A (Tlaa) defines several TL antigens expressed exclusively on thymocytes. When reacted with peripheral lymphocytes, the same antiserum defines another antigenic system, provisionally termed Qa-1. The genotypic disparity distinguishing the recipients and donors in this immunization comprises a section of chromosome 17 extending from a crossover point between H 2D and Tla to a presently unmarked point beyond Tla. Therefore although Qa-1 may constitute a single cell surface component, it is equally probable that the Qa-1 system defines two or more cell surface components determined by genes in this region, each of which may be expressed on a different cell set. Cytotoxicity assays indicate that Qa-1 antigen is expressed on Lyt-1 cells and Lyt-123 cells, and may serve to subclassify these two cell sets; it is not known whether Qa-1+ cells may occur within the small Lyt-23 set. There may be also be a cell set with the phenotype Thy-1--:Qa-1+. Another distinctive feature of the Qa-1 system is the characteristic profile of responses to mitogens exhibited by spleen cell populations from which Qa-1+ cells have been eliminated; in conventional assay of [3H]thymidine incorporation the response to lipopolysaccharide was essentially unchanged, the response to phytohemagglutinin M (PHA-M) was virtually abolished, and the response to concanavalin A (Con A) was reduced by 40%. The third distinctive feature of the Qa-1 system is the characteristic profile of changes which elimination of Qa-1+ cells produces in tests of immune function in vitro: (a) proliferation, measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-incompatible stimulator cells, was not affected. (b) in tests of cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) of MHC incompatible target cells, neither the generation nor the effector functions of cytotoxic lymphocytes was affected, implying that Lyt-23 prekiller and killer cells are Qa-1--. (c) primary and secondary responses to SRBC were considerably augmented, suggesting that Qa-1+ cells may be responsible for suppression in this test system. (d) accordingly the suppression of the anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) response normally engendered in spleen cells by culture with SRBC was profoundly reduced by elimination of Qa-1+ cells, either before or after culture. (e) the suppression of the anti-SRBC response normally engendered in spleen cells cultured with Con A was reduced by removal of Qa-1+ cells before but not after culture with Con A. Although analysis is as yet far from complete, the Qa-1 system should already be of considerable value because it distinguishes a population of lymphocytes that is not defined by any other antigenic system, according to three criteria: (a) representation of Qa-1 cells among T-cell sets defined by Lyt phenotypes, (b) the profile of responses to mitogens exhibited by lymphocyte populations depleted of Qa-1+ cells, and (c) the profile of immune responses of lymphocyte populations depleted of Qa-1+ cells. PMID- 702067 TI - Specialty maldistribution and the technological imperative. PMID- 702066 TI - Alteration of clonal profile. I. Effect of sublethal irradiation on the responses to phosphorylcholine in BALB/c mice. AB - BALB/c mice exhibit greater than 90% H8 clonal dominance in the immune response to phosphorylcholine. Adult mice exposed to 500 rads were initally unable to produce a humoral immune response to both phosphorylcholine and trinitrophenol antigens, and the direct plaque-forming cell response was slowly regained over several weeks. Clonotypic analysis wity antisera directed against the H8 idiotype showed that the H8 clone initially dominated the recovery of the response to phosphorycholine but that 60 days after the irradiation significant numbers of non-H8 clones could be detected. This same pattern could be seen in mice irradiated with 100 rads, a dose that does not completely abrogate the H8 response to phosphorylcholine. Sublethal irradiation of neonates before they had acquired responsiveness to phosphorylcholine could also eventually lead to the emergence of non-H8 idiotypes. Thus, a radiosensitive element regulates the expression of clonal dominance in anti-phosphorylcholine responses of BALB/c mice. PMID- 702068 TI - Rubella antibody screening. PMID- 702069 TI - Three approaches to the recognition of affective disorders in family practice: clinical, pharmacological, and self-rating scales. AB - No single approach to the recognition of affective disorders worked in a ten percent sample of a family practice population, screened in the summer of 1975. Among 298 adults followed prospectively for two years, about six percent developed an affective disorder (3.8 percent anxiety, 1.9 percent depression, and 0.4 percent episodes of both). The sex ratio was predominantly female (2.7:1). Most of the cases were recognized by clinical problem lists, but 23 percent of the cases would have been missed without a computerized search of prescribed drug profiles. Self-rating tests (Zung for depression and Reeder for anxiety) performed poorly at predicting cases prospectively, and unimpressively in retrospect. The burden of these disorders is considerable, with a prevalence in this population of at least 19 percent. Of these cases, 22 percent had "mixed" episodes of depression, anxiety, and combinations seen at various visits. Criteria for diagnosis need to be clarified for more precise diagnosis, proper medication, as well as better estimates of incidence and patient load. PMID- 702070 TI - Exploring the doctor-patient relationship: a sociocultural pilot study in a family practice residency. AB - Family physicians' growing attention to the nature of their patients' live should include the social and cultural factors that influence patient health and illness behavior. Patient visits to a family practice residency program were found to be influenced by the patients' beliefs about symptoms and the beliefs of their significant others, and symptom interference with valued activities. Data from physician-patient encounters suggest that physician attention to such sociocultural information as occupation and family structure may have positively influenced rapport. Results from this pilot study confirm the feasibility of observational research by physician-behavioral scientist teams in a primary care setting. PMID- 702071 TI - Obstetrics in family practice: a model for residency training. AB - Family physicians have a unique service to offer families at the time of their reproduction, and have a role to play that cannot be duplicated by an obstetrician-gynecologist or pediatrician. The process of a family integrating a new member is a natural concept to family practice and lends itself to a family centered model of care seldom seen in medicine. Practicing obstetrics has a positive effect on a family physician's practice for without obstetrics a practice largely of episodic adult internal medicine develops. Obstetrical care provided by a family physician is a natural answer to the currently articulated public need for personalized, sensitive, family-centered, and expert childbirth care. Obstetrical training in the family practice residency needs to include a longitudinal pregnancy care experience in addition to block rotation on hospital services to teach residents skills of good obstetrical practice and to develop an attitude of family-centered health-care advocacy. A detailed program of family centered patient education classes practical for a private group practice has been developed to extend throughout the entire course of pregnancy and includes classes after delivery. PMID- 702072 TI - A required program in geriatrics for medical students. AB - Very few medical schools in the United States have compulsory training in geriatrics for medical students. A program has been developed in the Department of Family Practice at Southern Illinois UniversitySchool of Medicine. This has become a required component of the undergraduate family practice clerkship. The initial format is described together with changes which occurred as result of student, faculty, and patient feedback, practical problems encountered in conducting the program, and changes in educational goals. PMID- 702073 TI - Attitudes and patterns of practice: a comparison of graduates of a residency program in family medicine and controls. AB - Two groups of graduates of the University of Western Ontario Faculty of Medicine were compared. The study group had satisfactorily completed a two-year residency program in family medicine at the University, commencing at graduation from medical school; the controls had completed a one-year internship after graduation, but had not pursued specific residency training in family medicine. Both groups were engaged in family practice in Ontario at the time of the study. As predicted, the groups differed in their attitudes; the graduates were more satisfied with practice than the controls and placed more importance on emotional factors in illness. Anticipated differences in patterns of care provided were also found. Family medicine graduates of conducted proportionately more noninstitutional care. The findings were not generalized beyond the one program. The advantages and limitations of program evaluation through studies of graduates are discussed. PMID- 702074 TI - Establishing new rural family practices: some lessons from a federal experience. PMID- 702076 TI - Practical psychiatry in medicine. Part 13: conversion disorders and hypochondriasis. PMID- 702075 TI - Toward the evaluation of family practice: development of a family utilization index. AB - This paper describes a research project that establishes criteria for utilization patterns of a family practice that could be used to develop evaluation techniques for family practice as a method of delivering primary medical care. The criteria are summarized in a Family Utilization Index, which measures the utilization patterns of a family unit. Changes in the Utilization Index are compared over a five-year period. Changes in attitudes and opinions about family practice in general and the specific Family Medicine Clinic are also compared over time and related to changes in the Family Utilization Index. Utilization patterns have significantly shifted over a five-year period, with more total visits to the clinic due to an increase in the number of family members per family unit using the clinic. Both the utilization patterns and attitudes toward the role of the family physician have shifted, indicating an increased acceptance of family practice. PMID- 702077 TI - Childhood obesity. PMID- 702078 TI - Scheduling residents' rotations by computer. PMID- 702080 TI - To teach or not to teach. PMID- 702079 TI - Care of entire families in family practice centers. PMID- 702081 TI - Nuclear transplantation in Bombina orientalis and utilization of the Pale mutation as a nuclear marker. AB - The discoglossid frog, Bombina orientalis, displays many characteristics that make it desirable as a laboratory animal. We report here the first successful transplantation of embryonic nuclei into enucleated eggs of this organism. The participation of the grafted nucleus in the development of the transplant embryos was confirmed with the use of a genetic marker, the Pale mutation. Frogs homozygous for this recessive gene are much lighter in appearance than the wild type animals. The use of this trait in appropriate experiments demonstrated that nuclear transplantation in B. orientalis provides embryos whose nuclei may be reliably interpreted as being derived from the injected nucleus. PMID- 702083 TI - Testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone inhibit both growth and spermatogenesis in the remaining testis in partially castrated adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens. AB - The testis of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, undergoes hypertrophy following partial castration. Injections of either testosterone or 5alpha dihydrotestosterone are equally effective in inhibiting the increase in testis weight which follows partial castration. In addition, both of these androgens inhibit spermatogenesis, i.e., spermatogonia appear to be inhibited resulting in early cessation of spermatogenesis and a precocious division of the testis into separate spermatogonia and sperm compartments. PMID- 702082 TI - Breakdown of the germinal vesicle in bovine oocytes cultivated in vitro. AB - Breakdown of the germinal vesicle (GV) was studied in bovine follicular oocytes cultivated in vitro. The intact GV of control oocytes did not correspond to the findings in porcine oocytes (GV I). Instead it was characterized by a nuclear membrane and a few chromocenters in finely granular nucleoplasm (GV II). After two and three hours of cultivation, GV III predominated (50% and 64% respectively). Faintly-staining chromatin and after a longer interval in the form of filaments also appeared round the chromocenters. After four hours, 35.8% of the oocytes were still at stage GV III but the GV of 46.6% of the oocytes already contained filamentous bivalents (GV IV). After five hours, GV IV (59.7%) was typical, with a less distinct nuclear membrane and condensing bivalents. GV breakdown was completed in 30.4% of the oocytes after five hours of cultivation and in 92.5% after six hours. PMID- 702084 TI - Temperature dependence of sperm-egg fusion and post-fusion events in hamster fertilization. AB - The effects of temperature (4--37 degrees C) on sperm-egg fusion and the post fusion events were studied. At 4--10 degrees C, acrosome-reacted spermatozoa bound to egg plasma membranes, but could not fuse with them. At 25 degrees C or above, both binding and fusion took place. The post-fusion events could occur over a broad temperature range (4--37 degrees C) but the events progressed faster with increasing temperature. An abnormal development of egg pronucleus, possibly due to an incomplete functioning of the meiotic spindle mechanism, was observed in eggs inseminated at 37 degrees C and cultured at 25 degrees C. PMID- 702086 TI - Effects of continual mechanical agitation prior to cleavage in echinoderm eggs. PMID- 702085 TI - Increase in concanavalin A binding sites in mouse blastocysts during implantation. AB - The number of concanavalin A (Con A) binding sites were determined in mouse blastocysts before and during implantation. In intact pregnant mice (Day 1 = day of finding vaginal plug), the Con A binding sites per blastocyst were increased from 169 million on Day 4 morning to 1160 million on Day 5 morning when implantation was under way. In pregnant mice ovariectomized on Day 3 and treated daily with 1 mg progesterone, the Con A binding sites per blastocyst on Day 9 (inactive) were 363 million; if the mice had received an additional injection of estradiol 24 hours earlier to induce implantation, the Con A binding sites were increased to 1211 millions. Thus, a more than twofold increase in the Con A binding sites occurs in the mouse blastocyst during implantation. PMID- 702087 TI - Apparent trophoblast giant cell production in vitro by core cells isolated from cultured mouse inner cell masses. AB - Mouse ICM's that were isolated from blastocysts by immunosurgery and subsequently cultured for four to five days were tested for their ability to form trophoblast giant cells (TGC's) in vitro. The cores were isolated from such ICM's by a second immunosurgery and cultured for 7 to 14 days. After two days of culture a variable percentage (30%--90%) of the ICM cores produced outgrowths containing cells that resembled those of cultured ectoplacental cone. Then the outgrowths became amitotic and produced vascuolated cells that enlarged to dimensions of 200 X 375 micrometer with nuclei as large as 53 micrometer in diameter. The time course of their development from the ICM cores, their morphology and their nuclear diameters suggest that these large cells were TGC's. PMID- 702088 TI - Neuronal death in the development of normal and hyperplastic spinal ganglia. PMID- 702089 TI - The effect of oxygen on the development of preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. AB - The optimal oxygen tension for development of preimplantation mouse embryos to the blastocyst stage in vitro was found to be between 2.5% and 5%. One- and two cell embryos had a more sharply defined range of oxygen tension capable of supporting development than 8-cell and morula stages. At all stages of development, more embryos developed to the blastocyst stage under 5% O2 compared to the numbers of developing under higher oxygen tensions (20% and 40% O2). The blastocysts developing under 20% O2 had fewer blastomeres than those which developed under 5% O2. As the time required for development to the blastocyst stage in vitro increased, there were fewer blastomeres present at the blastocyst stage. These results indicate that the cleaving mouse embryo has an optimal oxygen requirement in vitro of about 5%. At higher oxygen tensions, fewer embryos develop to the blastocyst stage and in those which do develop, there are fewer cell divisions. If a gradient of oxygen tension exists across the blastomeres from the outside of the embryo to its centre, the blastomeres might be using this gradient to obtain imformation about their location within the embryo and respond accordingly. Thus blastomeres on the outside at a higher oxygen tension would divide at a slower rate and form trophectoderm whereas those on the inside at a lower oxygen tension would divide more rapidly and contribute to the inner cell mass. PMID- 702091 TI - Pressure trauma to the ears and hearing loss. PMID- 702090 TI - Tympanoplasty--indications and techniques: myringoplasty, tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy. PMID- 702092 TI - Dizziness: an approach to its evaluation. PMID- 702093 TI - Current concepts in hearing aid usage. PMID- 702094 TI - The otolaryngologist and allergy. PMID- 702095 TI - Sinus disease. PMID- 702097 TI - Fractures of the facial skeleton. PMID- 702096 TI - Facial rehabilitation after mid-face trauma. PMID- 702099 TI - New directions in facial plastic surgery. PMID- 702098 TI - The surgical treatment of nasal skin cancer. PMID- 702100 TI - Evaluation of the cervical mass. PMID- 702101 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin metastatic to parotid nodes. PMID- 702102 TI - Laryngotracheal trauma diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 702103 TI - Airway intervention in croup and epiglottitis--update '78. PMID- 702104 TI - Current concepts of cancer of the head and neck. PMID- 702105 TI - Mitochondria and other calcium buffers of squid axon studied in situ. AB - Continuous nondestructive monitoring of intracellular ionized calcium in isolated squid axons by differential absorption spectroscopy (using arsenazo III and antipyrylazo III) was used to study uptake of calcium by carbonyl cyanide, p trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone (FCCP)- and (or) cyanide (CN)-sensitive and insensitive constituents of axoplasm. Known calcium loads imposed on the axon by stimulation produced proportional increments of free axoplasmic calcium. Measurement of increments in ionized calcium as a function of load confirmed earlier reports of buffering in normal and FCCP- and (or) CN-poisoned axons. Measurement of rates of calcium uptake by presumed mitochondria showed little uptake at ambient Ca below 200--400 nM, with sigmoidal rise to about 20--30 mumol/kg axoplasm per min (calculated to be about 200 mmol/kg mitochondrial protein per min) at 50 micrometer, indicating a functional threshold for presumed mitochondrial uptake well above physiological ionized calcium concentration. Treatment of stimulated axons with cyanide, to release calcium from presumed mitochondria, showed that the sensitivity to cyanide decreased progressively with time after stimulation (t 1/2 = 3--10 min) implying transfer of sequestered calcium into a less metabolically labile form. PMID- 702106 TI - Calcium buffering in presynaptic nerve terminals. II. Kinetic properties of the nonmitochondrial Ca sequestration mechanism. AB - The kinetic properties of the nonmitochondrial ATP-dependent Ca sequestering mechanism in disrupted nerve terminal (synaptosome) preparations have been investigated with radioactive tracer techniques; all solutions contained DNP, NaN3, and oligomycin, to block mitochondrial Ca uptake. The apparent half saturation constant, KCa, for the nonmitochondrial Ca uptake is approximately 0.4 micrometer Ca; the Hill coefficient is approximately 1.6. Mg is also required for the Ca uptake, and the apparent KMg is approximately 80 micrometer. ATP and deoxy ATP, but not CTP, GTP, ITP, UTP, ADP, or cyclic AMP, promote Ca uptake; the KATP, is approximately 10 micrometer. ATP analogs with blocked gamma-phosphate groups are unable to replace ATP. Particulate fractions from the disrupted synaptosomes possess Ca-dependent ATPase activity in the presence of Mg; the apparent KCa for this activity is 0.4--0.8 micrometer Ca, and the Hill coefficient is approximately 1.6. The Ca uptake and ATPase kinetic data suggest that the hydrolysis of 1 ATP may energize the transport of two Ca2+ ions into the storage vesicles. The second part of the article concerns the intraterminal distribution of Ca in "intact" terminals. When the terminals are disrupted after 45Ca loading, about one-half of the 45Ca is retained in the particulate material; some of this Ca, presumably stored in mitochondria, is released by the uncoupler, FCCP. Some of the 45Ca is released by A-23187, but not by FCCP; this fraction may be Ca stored in the nonmitochondrial sites described above. The proportion of 45Ca stored in the nonmitochondrial sites is increased when the Ca load is reduced or when the mitochondria are blocked with ruthenium red. These data indicate that the nonmitochondrial Ca storage sites are involved in intraterminal Ca buffering; they may play an important role in synaptic facilitation and post-tetanic potentiation, which result from Ca retention after neural activity. PMID- 702107 TI - Nexal membrane permeability to anions. AB - The permeability of the septa of the earthworm in the median axon has been calculated for the anions fluorescein and its halogen derivatives. The values ranged from 5.4 X 10(-5) to 4 X 10(-6) cm/s. Previously, the septa had been shown to contain nexuses. By using freeze-fracture material, the surface area of nexus on the septal membranes was determined to be 4.5%, very similar to the percentage of nexus in the intercalated disk of mammalian myocardium. Plasma membrane permeability to these dyes was also calculated and shown to be much less than that of the septal membranes. In addition, an estimate of cytoplasmic binding for each dye was made, and most dyes showed little or no binding with the exception of aminofluorescein. PMID- 702108 TI - Anion inhibitor-sensitive unidirectional sodium movements in the human erythrocyte. AB - The increased unidirectional sodium influx found when human erythrocytes are suspended in isotonic salt solutions containing bicarbonate ions as a replacement for chloride ions was examined. The increased sodium movement appears to have the transport characteristics of anion movement. Inhibitors of anion transport such as furosemide, fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB), and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano stilbene-2-2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) drastically inhibit these augmented sodium movements. An ion-pair mechanism appears to phenomenologically describe much of the data. A possible role for carbamino groups is considered. Such a model, however, required additional assumptions to explain the selectivity and the anion inhibitor effects. PMID- 702109 TI - Cation selectivity of the apical membrane of the turtle colon: sodium entry in the presence of lithium. AB - Exposure of the apical surface of the isolated turtle colon to Li produced a marked transient in short-circuit current (ISC) and total tissue conductance (GT) which was abolished by amiloride but was unaffected by ouabain or by removing Na or Cl from the mucosal bathing solution. Despite marked changes in Isc, Na uptake across the apical membrane was a linear function of time during exposure to Li containing solutions, and except at very high Li concentrations, the initial rate of Na uptake, JiNa, was identical to its pre-Li value. In the presence of Li, however, JiNa was significantly less than the total Isc. The apparent "transference number" for Na in the apical membranes was a function of the Li:Na concentration ratio in the mucosal bathing solution. These results suggest that Li can carry substantial amounts of current through amiloride-sensitive channels in the apical membrane of the colon without having any effect on the rate coefficient for Na entry. This behavior is not consistent with "competition" of Na and Li for a membrane "carrier" but rather suggests that the Na entry mechanism may be a population of pores or channels through which Na and Li may pass with negligible interaction. PMID- 702110 TI - Effects of veratridine on Ca fluxes and the release of oxytocin and vasopressin from the isolated rat neurohypophysis. AB - Uptake of radioactive calcium, 45Ca efflux, and hormone release from the isolated rat neurohypophysis were monitored in vitro after the addition of veratridine to the incubation medium. Veratridine dramatically increased hormone release, but the release was not sustained and had declined by about 90% after 2 h. Removal of external Na+ prevented hormone release as did addition to the incubation medium of tetrodotoxin or the calcium antagonists D600 and Mn2+ ions. Veratridine increased 45Ca uptake into the isolated neurohypophysis and the increase could be prevented by addition of tetrodotoxin or D600 to the medium. Efflux of 45Ca was not changed by addition of veratridine. The results underline the importance of both Na+ and Ca+2 channels in the regulation of secretion of neurosecretory products. PMID- 702111 TI - Intracellular characteristics and responses of taste bud and lingual cells of the mudpuppy. AB - Intracellular recordings of membrane potentials of mudpuppy lingual cells were made with micropipette electrodes. Three types of cells were distinguished by their responses to chemical stimulation. Surface epithelial (SE) cells outside of taste buds responded with large membrane potential and resistance changes to a variety of stimuli representing the four taste qualities. Salts and acids evoked particularly large potential changes, and MgCl2, acids, and quinine greatly increased the membrane resistance. One type of taste bud cell (TB-1) was characterized by large depolarizations to K salts, and the other type of taste bud cell (TB-2) characteristically hyperpolarized to MgCl2, acid, and sugar solutions. Membrane resistance changes accompanying TB-1 and TB-2 cell responses were relatively small compared to those of SE cells. Electrotonic coupling was observed between pairs of SE and TB-2 cells but not for pairs of TB-1 cells nor cells of different types. After recording cell responses, dye-marking allowed verification of results in situ and histologically. From the identification of cells in section, it is hypothesized the TB-1 and TB-2 cells correspond to light and dark cells, respectively. Responses of TB-1 cells imply a taste receptive function; wheras TB 2-cell responses suggest secretory, supportive, and (or) receptive functions. Factors affecting cellular characteristics, non-taste bud cell responsiveness, response mechanisms, and function of electrotonic coupling are discussed in relation to taste reception. PMID- 702112 TI - Differences in cellular contractile protein contents among porcine smooth muscles: evidence for variation in the contractile system. AB - Cellular myosin, actin, and tropomyosin contents and ratios were determined for arterial (carotid, aorta, and coronary), intestinal (circular and longitudinal), esophageal, uterine, and tracheal smooth muscles inthe pig. Tissue protein contents were estimated by densitometry of polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated tissue homogenates. Cellular contractile protein contents were estimated by correction for extracellular spaces. Cellular myosin contents were similar in each tissue (average +/- 1 SEM = 19.6 +/- 0.8 mg/g cell wet wt). However, the cellular contents of the thin filament proteins, actin and tropomyosin, were significantly higher in the arteries than in the nonarterial tissues. The calculated weight ratios of actin: myosin averaged 2.6 +/- 0.2 in the three arterial tissues and 1.5 +/- 0.1 in the nonarterial tissues, which may be compared with 0.36 in vertebrate striated muscles. The actin:tropomyosin weight ratios for all tissues were 3.7 +/- 0.1, a value comparable to the skeletal muscle ratio. The physiological implications of variations in the cellular thin filament protein contents are unknown, but these variations probably contribute to the observed differences in contractile function among various smooth muscles. PMID- 702113 TI - Interaction of external alkali metal ions with the Na-K pump of human erythrocytes: a comparison of their effects on activation of the pump and on the rate of ouabain binding. AB - The effects of external alkali metal ions on the rate of ouabain binding and on the rate of the Na-K pump were examined in human red blood cells. In Na containing solutions, K, Cs, and Li decreased the rate of ouabain binding. For K and Cs, the kinetics of this effect were similar to those for their activation of the pump. In Na-free (choline-substituted) solutions the rate of ouabain binding was decreased by K whereas it was promoted by Cs and Li. External Na increased the rate of ouabain binding whether or not external K was present, and the kinetics of this effect were not the same as those for inhibition of the pump by Na. These findings are interpreted to mean that not only do the cations affect ouabain binding at the external loading sites on the pump from which ions are translocated inward, but that there are additional sites on the external aspect of the pump at which cations can promote ouabain binding, and that these sites can be occupied by Li, Na, and Cs. It is postulated that these latter sites are those from which Na is discharged after outward translocation by the pump. PMID- 702114 TI - The reversal potential for an electrogenic sodium pump: a method for determining the free energy of ATP breakdown? PMID- 702115 TI - Differences in sialic acid content of human interferons. AB - Human leucocyte, lymphoblastoid and fibroblast interferons were separately treated with sialidase and the effect of this on their isoelectric focusing was examined using a system in which full dissociation of complexes occurred. Both leucocyte and lymphoblastoid interferons showed a single form with an isoelectric point which was unaltered by treatment with sialidase. In contrast, fibroblast interferon showed three forms which were reduced to one by treatment with the enzyme. PMID- 702116 TI - The ocr gene function of bacterial viruses T3 and T7 prevents host-controlled modification. AB - On pre-infection of the host Escherichia coli B with u.v.-inactivated T3 or T7 phage able to express their early genes (like 0.3), B-specific modification of superinfecting, successfully multiplying viruses does not take place. The ocr gene function (gene 0.3) of T3 and T7 not only prevents host-specific DNA restriction but also modification, probably by inhibiting the same late step in the interaction between the restriction enzyme and DNA. PMID- 702117 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay determination of virus-specific IgM antibody levels in a follow-up patients with naturally acquired measles infections. AB - The question of the exact disappearance time or possible persistence of measles specific IgM antibodies after naturally acquired measles virus infections was studied with a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. A total of 30 patients were analyzed with follow-up times varying from 4.5 to 8 months; all were measles IgM positive in the first serum specimen obtained after the onset of rash. In 29 of 30 patients, the measles IgM declined to undetectable levels by approximately 90 days. The remaining patient developed postmeasles encephalitis, however, and was found to have a prolonged measles IgM antibody response. For comparison, the measles-specific IgG response was also studied and was found to develop only slightly later than the IgM response, with levels then remaining high and stable up to 8 months later. Although apparent measles IgM antibodies were found in 1 of 64 nonmatched adult controls, they were due to the presence of high levels of IgM-class rheumatoid factor. The data presented indicate that measles IgM antibodies begin to decline soon after the onset of rash and reach negative levels 1 to 3 months later; in complicated infections, however, measles IgM antibody synthesis may not terminate normally. PMID- 702118 TI - Mother-stranger discrimination in three-month-old infants and subsequent Gesell performance. AB - The amount of vocalization, motor activity, and smiling in response to vocal stimulation by the mother and by a stranger was recorded from 14 normal male infants when they were 3, 5, 7, and 9 months old. The Gesell Developmental Schedules were administered to them at age 9 months. High Gesell developmental quotient infants showed different vocalization and motor activity responses to the mother versus the stranger as early as 3 months. These differences diminished progressively to a minimum at 9 months. Low Gesell developmental quotient infants showed no differential responses to mother versus stranger. The results suggest that mother-stranger discrimination at age 3 months may be used as an indicator of subsequent cognitive development, and further suggest that bright babies may attain permanence for the mother's schema as early as 3 months of age. PMID- 702119 TI - Comparison of normal and learning disabled children on a nonverbal short-term memory serial position task. AB - A serial recall task was used to compare performance of 15 normal and 15 learning disabled elementary school children matched on CA, IQ, and sex with two and three dimensional representations of nonverbal eight-point shapes. Two a priori assumptions were not supported: (a) no differences in recall were found between groups and (b) no differences in recall were found for either group using two or three dimensional stimuli. Three dimensional stimuli did facilitate visual rehearsal at the primacy position for both groups. Learning disabled children's performance was consistent with the mediation deficiency hypothesis found with normal children. PMID- 702120 TI - Short-term retention of visual and tactual information in preschool children. PMID- 702121 TI - Recipient characteristics and sharing behavior in the learning disabled. PMID- 702122 TI - Some sociocultural determinants of academic performance among behaviorally disturbed adolescents. PMID- 702123 TI - Delay of reinforcement effects with reflective and impulsive children. AB - Reflective, impulsive, fast-accurate, and slow-inaccurate second grade boys and girls (N = 156) learned a discrimination task with one of three reinforcement delay conditions: No delay; 10 sec delay with an attentional aid filling the delay period; and 10 sec delay with an unfilled interval. The attentional aid was expected to lead to improved learning task performance (vis-a-vis delay without an aid), especially for impulsive children who would focus on the task more with an aid during the delay. The results indicated that all children learned less well with a delay of feedback, and the attentional aid was ineffective (possibly because it did not prevent competing responses from occurring). The children who did best on the test of Conceptual Tempo (the MFF), the fast-accurates, learned with the fewest errors, while the slow-inaccurate children made the most errors in learning. The results did not support the contention that impulsive children are poor attenders, but did indicate that some components of Conceptual Tempo are related to discrimination learning. PMID- 702124 TI - Responses of boys and girls to aggressive, assertive, and passive behaviors of male and female characters. AB - Boys and girls in grades 4, 6, and 8 answered five questions after reading stories in which a male or female character behaved aggressively, assertively, or passively. As hypothesized, the results indicated differential degrees of approval for aggressive, assertive, and passive behavior depending upon the sex of the character engaged in the behavior. Boys and girls also responded in different ways to the three types of behavior. Developmental trends indicated an increasingly positive evaluation of the effectiveness of passive behavior by females and an increasingly negative evaluation by males with age. The implications for the acquisition of sex-stereotyped behavior patterns are discussed. PMID- 702125 TI - Successive visual discrimination of forms in 10-month-old infants. AB - The purpose of this research was to assess the infant's ability to make successive discriminations in the size of a figure. The Ss were 90 10-month-old infants who were habituated to a block figure and dishabituated on different subtle size transformations of that figure. Dishabituation data revealed that the infants were able to detect transformations which increased the area of the habituated figure by 7 percent. There was no evidence of a differentiated sensitivity to detect a change in any special location of the original figure. PMID- 702126 TI - Attitudes toward mental illness: its relation to contact and ethnocultural background. PMID- 702127 TI - Agoraphobia: newer treatment approaches. AB - Agoraphobia is the commonest and most severe form of phobic disorder. Techniques presently available for its treatment fall into the broad categories of behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy. Of the behavioral approaches in current use flooding is probably most effective. Group exposure methods are valuable and have the advantage of conserving therapist time. Pharmacological agents of demonstrated value include monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine) and tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine). These drugs are capable of preventing the spontaneous panic attacks observed in agoraphobic patients. Psychotherapy, once the mainstay of treatment, has largely become an adjunctive procedure. PMID- 702128 TI - A multivariate analysis and modification of a preattentive, perceptual dysfunction in schizophrenia. AB - Preattentive information processing was examined in matched samples of process nonparanoid schizophrenics, reactive paranoid schizophrenics, and nonschizophrenic psychiatric inpatients. Three measures of visual preattentive processing were administered under standard conditions and also enriched conditions in which preattentive discriminability was enhanced through increased perceptual grouping and segregation. Nonparanoid schizophrenics displayed a differential performance deficit under standard conditions on each measure. Under conditions of enhanced preattentive discriminability, nonparanoid schizophrenics differentially improved to the extent that no significant differences were found between groups on two of the measures. Paranoid schizophrenics and psychiatric controls did not differ significantly across measures or conditions. PMID- 702129 TI - Cognitive and evoked response measures of information processing in schizophrenics with and without a family history of schizophrenia. AB - Twenty-four male schizophrenics, 12 (SFH) with schizophrenia in the immediate family and 12 (SNFH) with no evidence of schizophrenia in the family background, and 24 male control subjects, 12 highly educated (HEC), and 12 minimally educated (MEC), were assessed for premorbid social adjustment and were administered the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, a size estimation task, and the EEG average evoked response (AER) at different levels of stimulus intensity. As predicted from the stimulus redundancy formulation, the SFH patients were poorer in premorbid adjustment, were less often paranoid, functioned at a lower level of cognitive efficiency (poor digit symbol and greater absolute error on size estimation), were more chronic, and, in some respects, had size estimation indices of minimal scanning. Contrary to prediction, the SFH group had the strongest and most sustained augmenting response on AER, while the SNFH group shifted from an augmenting to a reducing pattern of response. The relationship between an absence of AER reducing and the presence of cognitive impairment in the SFH group was a major focus of discussion. PMID- 702130 TI - Urinary catecholamines and amphetamine excretion in hyperactive and normal boys. AB - Urinary catecholamines and metabolites and urinary amphetamine excretion were examined for hyperactive and normal boys following a single dose of dextroamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) and placebo. Hyperactive children showed a significantly faster rate of excretion of amphetamine which could not be accounted for by previous exposure to drug or by signs of neurological involvement. Urinary norepinephrine (NE) was significantly higher for hyperactive than for normal children, but NE excretion did not correlate with motor activity or any measures of arousal. The single dose of amphetamine produced a significant rise in urinary epinephrine excretion (EP) for the normal children but not for the hyperactive group, supporting the notion of a more sluggish catecholamine response to stimulants for hyperkinetic children. PMID- 702131 TI - Tricyclic exacerbation of steroid psychosis. PMID- 702132 TI - The effects of botulinum toxin on acetylcholine metabolism in mouse brain slices and synaptosomes. PMID- 702133 TI - Choline acetyltransferase and the high affinity uptake of choline in corpus striatum of reserpinised rats. PMID- 702134 TI - The effect of trialkyltin compounds on tubulin polymerisation. PMID- 702135 TI - Acyl group composition of metabolically active lipids in brain: variances among subcellular fractions and during postnatal development. PMID- 702136 TI - Kinetics of entry of proteins into the myelin membrane. PMID- 702137 TI - The effect of acute thiamine deficiency on brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid. PMID- 702138 TI - Induction of sulfogalactosylceramide (sulfatide) synthesis by hydrocortisone (cortisol) in mouse G-26 oligodendroglioma cell strains. PMID- 702139 TI - Isoelectric focusing of proteolipid. PMID- 702140 TI - Myelin of the peripheral nerve of the dystrophic mouse. PMID- 702141 TI - Presence of D-aspartate in squid axoplasm and in other regions of the cephalopod nervous system. PMID- 702142 TI - Porphyrins in myelin and non-myelin fractions of bovine white matter. PMID- 702143 TI - The transport and metabolism of scyllo-inositol in the central nervous system. PMID- 702144 TI - Evaluation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate formed from L-glutamate by mouse brain homogenate. PMID- 702145 TI - Turnover of phosphatidylcholine in microsomes and myelin in brains of young and adult rats. PMID- 702146 TI - Subcellular analysis of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 702147 TI - Effect of pretreatment under various cationic conditions on acetylcholine content and choline transport in rat whole brain synaptosomes. PMID- 702148 TI - Glycoprotein changes during the development of human brain. PMID- 702149 TI - Studies on rat spinal cord polysomes: postnatal development and experimental demyelination. PMID- 702150 TI - Adenosine uptake by cholinergic synaptosomes from Torpedo electric organ. PMID- 702151 TI - The distribution of neurophysins and posterior pituitary hormones in the porcine neurohypophyseal system. PMID- 702152 TI - A cholesterol-esterifying enzyme in rat central nervous system myelin. PMID- 702153 TI - A modified procedure for isolation of astrocyte- and neuron-enriched fractions from rat brain. PMID- 702154 TI - Biosynthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the rat pineal gland. PMID- 702155 TI - On the structure of a new, fucose containing ganglioside from pig cerebellum. PMID- 702156 TI - On the uptake of inositol by rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 702157 TI - Rat brain synaptic vesicles: uptake specificities of [3H]norepinephrine and [3H]serotonin in preparations from whole brain and brain regions. PMID- 702158 TI - Mechanism of action of notexin and notechis II-5 on synaptosomes. PMID- 702159 TI - Effect of electroshock on thymidine incorporation into rat brain DNA. PMID- 702160 TI - Evidence for strictly Na+-dependent accumulation of serine and threonine in brain cortical synaptosomes from newborn rats. PMID- 702161 TI - The binding of [3H]mepyramine to histamine H1 receptors in guinea-pig brain. PMID- 702162 TI - Cerebral metabolic changes in profound, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and in the recovery period following glucose administration. PMID- 702163 TI - Biochemical characterization of the neuron: ribonucleic acid composition of the neuronal cell bodies. PMID- 702164 TI - Enzymatic biosynthesis of ethanolamine- and choline-phosphoglycerides in retina during development. Effect of light stimulation. PMID- 702165 TI - The effect of bromocriptine on rat striatal adenylate cyclase and rat brain monoamine metabolism. PMID- 702166 TI - Isolation and purification of cholinergic receptor proteolipids from rat gastrocnemius tissue. PMID- 702168 TI - Calcium-dependent binding of brain glutamate decarboxylase to phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 702167 TI - Isolation and purification of a veratridine binding proteoglycolipid from rat gastrocnemius tissue. PMID- 702169 TI - Enhanced cerebral protein synthesis in developing hypothyroid rats: evidence for delayed maturation. PMID- 702170 TI - Monoamine oxidase activity in normal and Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. PMID- 702171 TI - A study of proposed determinants of brain tryptophan concentration in rats after portocaval anastomosis or sham operation. PMID- 702172 TI - Cerebral metabolic and circulatory changes induced by hypoxia in starved rats. PMID- 702173 TI - Identification and quantification of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (VLA) in cerebrospinal fluid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylpyruvic acid (VPA) in the urine of Parkinsonian patients treated with L-DOPA. PMID- 702174 TI - The turnover rate of tubulin in rat brain. PMID- 702175 TI - Mechanism of extracellular potassium stimulation of protein synthesis in the in vitro hippocampus. PMID- 702176 TI - Cerebral metabolic and vascular effects of barbiturate therapy following complete global ischemia. PMID- 702177 TI - Dopamine-containing axons supplying the arterio-venous anastomoses of the canine paw pad. PMID- 702178 TI - Inhibition of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat striatum by neuroleptic drugs administered in vivo. PMID- 702179 TI - A method for determining median nerve conduction velocity across the carpal tunnel. AB - Palmar stimulation was used to assess median nerve conduction across the carpal tunnel. In 50 hands from 25 control subjects, motor and sensory latencies in the wrist-to-palm segment (mean +/- SD: 1.15 +/- 0.21 msec and 1.12 +/- 0.21 msec respectively) were less than half the conventional terminal latencies in the wrist-to-muscle and wrist-to-digit segment (3.01 +/- 0.44 msec and 2.47 +/- 0.39 msec). Motor and sensory conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) in the wrist-to palm segment (56.0 +/- 7.6 m/sec and 58.7 +/- 7.5 m/sec respectively) were comparable to those in the elbow-to-wrist segment (57.0 +/- 4.5 m/sec and 62.4 +/ 5.7 m/sec). In 20 symptomatic hands from 13 patients with mild carpal tunnel syndrome, delay in motor and sensory terminal latencies (3.91 +/- 0.67 msec and 2.90 +/- 0.57 msec) was primarily attributable to increased conduction time in the wrist-to-palm segment (1.96 +/- 0.59 msec and 1.58 +/- 0.49 msec) and not in the remaining more distal portions. Consequently, MNCV and SNCV were significantly (P less than 0.001) slowed when calculated in the segment across the carpal tunnel (36.6 +/- 11.2 m/sec and 44.9 +/- 11.8 m/sec), even though the conventional terminal latencies from the stimulus site at the wrist were often within normal limits. PMID- 702180 TI - Altered tissue carnitine levels in animals with hereditary muscular dystrophy. AB - Low levels of muscle carnitine have been found in patients with Duchenne dystrophy, a case possibly of Becker dystrophy, and limb-girdle syndrome as well as in patients with the recently described muscle carnitine deficiency syndrome. Tissues of the mouse, hamster, and chicken were analyzed to determine whether tissue carnitine levels were altered in the animal models of muscular dystrophy. Significantly higher levels of carnitine were found in dystrophic mouse muscle, but carnitine levels in plasma, liver and heart were normal. Histological changes in the skeletal muscle of dystrophic hamsters were relatively mild, and both skeletal muscle and plasma levels were normal. The liver carnitine level was higher than normal levels. The dystrophic hamster also had an inherited cardiomyopathy, and interestingly its heart carnitine level was much lower than normal. The red muscle of the normal chicken contained 5 times the level of carnitine found in white muscle. The dystrophic chicken had higher than normal levels of carnitine in the white muscle, but normal levels in the red muscle. Although all 3 animal models of muscular dystrophy studied have altered levels of carnitine in some tissue, none of the animal models had the same pattern of altered tissue carnitine levels seen in human patients. PMID- 702181 TI - A clinical study of chronic childhood spinal muscular atrophy. A review of 141 cases. AB - The case histories and clinical details of 141 children (67 males and 74 females) with chronic childhood spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have been reviewed. Hundred of these children were alive at the time of the study. The cases comprise a consecutive unselected series of all with this disease who presented to two large English neurological centres over a 10-year tracing period. Chronic childhood SMA is defined here as a progressive disease of anterior horn cells with initial proximal selectivity, which does not of itself cause death before 18 months of age. Clinical signs are first manifest between birth and 8 years of age, but in 95% before 3 years. Cumulative frequency tables for motor skills are presented; 46% of children never walked, even with orthopaedic aids; 37.6% were able to walk unaided at some stage. No child was able to run after 12 years of age. Late presenting sporadic cases retain motor skills longer than do familial cases. A sex influence on the clinical course of the disease has been demonstrated, males being more severely affected. Cumulative frequency curves for age-at-onset and age-at-presentation have been compiled. A sib of an affected index case, still clinically normal at 2 years of age, has passed 90 percent of his risk period; the use of such cumulative frequency curves for studies of carrier-frequency and incidence is discussed. The median age at death for this disease exceeds 10 years. The range encompassed by the clinical spectrum is discussed. PMID- 702182 TI - A study of environmental factors in relation to fatal infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA type I). An analysis of birth order and parental age effects, social class, seasonal influence, and clustering in time and place. AB - Major studies of the childhood spinal muscular atrophies have suggested that environmentally-produced phenocopies might occur, and that environmental factors might be important in some clinical features of these diseases. A formal analysis of some possible intra-uterine and post-natal influences has been undertaken in 78 index cases (72 families) of acute infantile SMA (acute Werdnig-Hoffmann disease; SMA Type I). There is no evidence to suggest that social class, parental age, birth order, or season of birth influences this disease or that clustering in time and place occurs. PMID- 702183 TI - Morphological evidence for 6-hydroxydopamine-induced sprouting or noradrenergic neurons in the cerebellum. AB - Intracisternal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into young rats during the first 24 hours after birth resulted in a significant elevation of cerebellar norepinephrine by day 9. This elevation continued through 120 days. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated an increased fluorescence in all layers of the cerebellar cortex in treated rats from 9 days after treatment through 120 days. This was considerably greater than the normal developmental change observed in control rats and appeared to be due to an increased number of fluorescent terminals. Quantitative electron-microscopic analysis indicated that all layers of the cerebellar cortex of treated rats contained significantly more boutons with small dense-cored vesicles (SGV), a morphologic marker for catecholamines, than controls. No significant difference in the number of SGVs per bouton was observed in 6-OHDA treated rats. PMID- 702184 TI - Lipid abnormalities in hereditary neuropathy. Part 3. Plasma and erythrocyte lipids of HMSN-III (Dejerine-Sottas disease). AB - Plasma glucosylceramide levels of 5 patients with Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy Type III (Dejerine-Sottas disease) were approximately 50% higher than in controls. Erythrocyte glucosylceramides, however, were within the range of normal values. Elevated plasma glucosylceramide levels provide further evidence that an abnormality of lipid metabolism may underlie this recessively inherited hypertrophic neuropathy. No abnormality was observed among other glycosphingolipid fractions. An altered sphingomyelin fatty acid composition and reduced phosphatidylcholine level was also found, but this may not be disease specific. PMID- 702185 TI - Further observations on myelinated axon numbers in normal and dystrophic mice. AB - Counts of the number of myelinated axons in the nerves to slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch plantaris muscles of 129 ReJ dy/dy dystrophic mice at 4, 15 and 24 weeks of age have shown statistically significant reductions when compared to normal values. In addition muscle fibre losses had occurred in both muscles at the earliest age point studied. There was no suggestion of a progressive loss of myelinated axons. There was a greater percentage reduction in the soleus than in the plantaris nerves. The number of myelinated axons in the nerves to the plantaris and soleus muscles of the 129 ReJ +/+ normal animals was approximately the same, in contrast to the C57BL/6J strain where the soleus nerve always contained a greater number. Statistically significant reductions in the number of myelinated axons in the nerves to the medial gastrocnemius muscles of C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J dystrophic mice have been observed at both 15 and 72 weeks of age. Muscle fibre losses have also been recorded in 72 weeks dystrophic medial gastrocnemius muscles. PMID- 702186 TI - The organization of endoneural collegen in peripheral nerves as revealed with the scanning electron microscope. AB - Transmission electron microscopy of isolated nerve fibers of rat sciatic nerve and scanning microscopy of small groups of fibers reveal that the majority of collagen fibrils form tightly woven cuffs around individual nerve fibers. Only a small fraction of the fibrils is not associated with individual nerve fibers and forms a loose, wide-meshed net between them. These observations reconfirm the pre electron-microscopic concept of a sheath of Key and Retzius or of Plenk and Laidlaw, respectively. PMID- 702187 TI - Respective importance of different nerve conduction velocities in leprosy. AB - Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were performed in the distal part of the ulnar, median and radial nerves of 12 tuberculoid and 12 lepromatous leprosy patients, compared with 15 normal subjects. Slowing of sensory conduction velocity (SCV) was shown in all nerves with no difference between tuberculoid and lepromatous patients. The radial SCV slowing is correlated (P less than 0.001) with the clinical findings. Impairment of motor distal latencies was observed only in tuberculpoid patients. It is concluded that the radial SCV is the most reliable conduction test and is proposed as an early diagnostic test for leprosy. PMID- 702188 TI - Hypercomplex and simple/complex cell classifications in cat striate cortex. PMID- 702189 TI - Tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium and calcium components of action potentials in dorsal root ganglion cells of the adult mouse. PMID- 702190 TI - Laminar organization of receptive-field properties in tree shrew superior colliculus. PMID- 702191 TI - Brain stem auditory pathways involved in reflexive head orientation to sound. PMID- 702192 TI - Forces produced by medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during locomotion in freely moving cats. PMID- 702193 TI - Membrane and action potential characteristics of A and C nodose ganglion cells studied in whole ganglia and in tissue slices. PMID- 702194 TI - Development of focal seizures in cerebral cortex: role of axon terminal bursting. PMID- 702195 TI - Crayfish antennal neuropil. II. Periodic bursting elicited by sensory stimulation and extrinsic current in interneurons. PMID- 702196 TI - Cat superior colliculus: extracellular potentials related to W-cell synaptic actions. PMID- 702197 TI - Vitamin B-6 absorption in children with acute celiac disease and in control subjects. AB - The concentration of serum pyridoxal phosphate was determined before and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes following an oral load test with 5 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride/kg body weight in 14 children with acute celiac disease and in 15 control subjects. Children with acute celiac disease suffer from a biochemical vitamin B-6 deficiency. The increase in pyridoxal phosphate of children with acute celiac disease after loading was significantly decreased when compared with that of control subjects. In children with celiac disease maximal concentration of serum pyridoxal phosphate appeared later (after 60 minutes) and was decreased in comparison to control subjects (after 30 minutes). A positive correlation existed between the net increase of pyridoxal phosphate 60 minutes following pyridoxine loading and the net increase of blood xylose 60 minutes after oral loading. The results are compatible both with a malabsorption of pyridoxine in childhood celiac disease and a shifting of the site of pyridoxine absorption from the upper part of jejunum into the more distal parts of intestine. PMID- 702198 TI - Inhibition of the induction of liver hexose-monophosphate shunt dehydrogenases in the starved-refed rat by injection of Triton WR-1339. PMID- 702199 TI - Role of intestinal flora on incorporation of 15N from dietary, 15N-urea, and 15N diammonium citrate into tissue proteins in pigs. PMID- 702200 TI - Inositol deficiency in the gerbil: altered hepatic lipid metabolism and triglyceride secretion. PMID- 702201 TI - Tryptophan and threonine requirements of fingerling channel catfish. AB - Growth studies, utilizing a 24% crude protein diet containing an amino acid pattern similar to whole egg protein, indicate that the tryptophan requirement for fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is about 0.12% of the diet (dry weight basis) or 0.5% of the dietary protein. Similar studies indicate that the threonine requirement for the same fish is about 0.53% of the diet (dry weight basis) or 2.21% of the dietary protein. The dietary requirement of threonine was confirmed by serum free threonine analysis. A marked increase in serum free threonine occurred at a dietary threonine level of approximately 0.5% of the diet. None of the gross pathological changes previously reported for tryptophan deficiency in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout were observed in channel catfish. PMID- 702202 TI - Starvation and refeeding in rats: effect on organismic respiration, cytoplasmic constituents of liver, and succinic dehydrogenase activity in liver, kidney, and heart. AB - An analysis of starvation and starvation followed by refeeding was undertaken to characterize some organismic, organ, and mitochondrial responses to these two circumstances. Body weight, organismic respiration as well as weight protein and succinic dehydrogenase activity for liver, kidney, and heart were determined over the course of 6 days of starvation and 5 days refeeding for adult male rats. Assays of marker enzyme activities for mitochondria (cytochrome oxidase), lysosomes (acid phosphatase), endoplasmic reticulum (glucose-6-phosphatase), and plasma membranes (5'-nucleotidase) were conducted for liver in addition to quantitations of mitochondrial protein. All enzyme determinations were done on whole tissue homogenates and reported as total organ activity. Liver mitochondria were harvested quantitatively directly from whole liver homogenates by zonal centrifugation for determination of mitochondrial protein. Starvation resulted in a major loss of body weight, organ weight, and organ protein; liver greater than kidney greater than heart. These changes were accompanied by a major reduction in organ succinic dehydrogenase activity; liver greater than kidney. In heart, succinic dehydrogenase was doubled in activity at day 2 of starvation and subsequently diminished to values not significantly lower than controls. In liver, mitochondrial mass (protein) was severely diminished. From analysis of marker enzyme activities, it appeared that lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane were also decreased. Refeeding restored the greatest part of these losses within 5 days. PMID- 702203 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin E and vitamin C on respiration and swelling of guinea pig liver mitochondria. AB - The effect of dietary vitamin C on vitamin E status and function was studied with weanling male Hartley guinea pigs. Thirty guinea pigs fed a basal diet free of vitamins E and C were divided into two groups; only one group received 2 mg/100 g body weight/day of vitamin C. Each group was further divided into three subgroups and received 0, 0.2, and 0.4 IU/100 g body weight/day of vitamin E. After 5 weeks the animals were killed. Degree of erythrocyte hemolysis induced by dialuric acid, level of plasma vitamin E and extent of liver lipid peroxidation were determined. Liver mitochondria were isolated and in vitro oxygen uptake was measured. The rate of swelling of mitochondria in two media was also determined. The results showed that the adequate dietary vitamin C supplementation did not affect the extent of erythrocyte hemolysis induced by dialuric acid, but increased the plasma vitamin E level and lowered liver lipid peroxidation. It also maintained the normal respiration and swelling rates of liver mitochondria when vitamin E was inadequate. PMID- 702204 TI - Effect of age and dietary fat level on fatty acid oxidation in the neonatal pig. AB - A total of 35 pigs were obtained by cesarean section, placed in individual sterile isolators, and randomly allotted to treatment groups. Thirty pigs received purified, isoenergetic liquid diets containing 2 or 32% butterfat (dry matter basis) and were killed at 1, 7, or 21 days of age. Five pigs were killed at 2 hours post delivery and received no diet. Twenty-one-day old pigs showed a tendency for higher weight gain and feed consumption when consuming the 32% fat diet although the differences were not significant. The rate of oxidation of [U 14C]palmitate to CO2 and acid soluble products was measured in homogenates of liver, kidney, heart, and leg muscle (biceps femoris) from pigs 0, 1, 7, and 21 days of age. The relative rates of oxidation of [U-14C]myristate, [U 14C]palmitate, and [U-14C]stearate were measured in homogenates of liver from 7 day old pigs. Palmitate oxidation was stimulated by carnitine in all four tissues and the rate of carnitine-stimulated palmitate oxidation to acid soluble products in heart and to CO2 in liver was higher in tissues from pigs consuming the 32% fat diet. The rate of palmitate oxidation increased with age in liver, kidney and leg muscle tissues and was maximum at 21 days in kidney and leg muscle and at 7 days in liver. The rate of palmitate oxidation in heart tended to decrease with animal age. In homogenates of liver from 7-day old pigs, palmitate was oxidized at a faster rate than stearate or myristate. The activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) (EC 2.3.1a) and succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) in mitochondria isolated from liver, kidney, heart, and leg muscle did not vary considerably with age although CPT activity tended to be higher in those tissues from pigs consuming the high fat diet. Changes in the rate of palmitate oxidation with age tended to parallel changes in the level of mitochondrial protein per g of wet tissue and suggested an increased ability to utilize fat as an energy substrate during early development of the neonatal pig. PMID- 702205 TI - Splenic protein synthesis in magnesium deficiency: mechanism of the inhibition. AB - To investigate the basis for the depressed protein synthesis in vivo in magnesium deficient spleens, the activities of splenic subcellular fractions in polypeptide synthesis were studied in vitro. Splenic ribosomes from Mg deficient animals were normal structurally and functionally. In contrast, supernatant fractions from the deficient spleens had a reduced ability to incorporate labeled amino acids into protein, both in the presence of endogenous mRNA and in the presence of added polyuridylic acid. The specific defects observed in the Mg deficient supernatants were twofold: There was a modest reduction in the rate of acylation of tRNA and a more marked reduction in the activity of the elongation factors, EF-I and EF-II. The reduction in elongation factor activity was quantitatively sufficient to account for the inhibition of protein synthesis in vivo. PMID- 702206 TI - Fatty acid composition of submandibular salivary gland lipids in essential fatty acid deficient rats. AB - Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency was induced in young weanling rats by feeding a fat-free diet or a diet containing 7% Hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO). At intervals of 4, 8, and 16 weeks, rats from the deficient and the control groups were killed and their Submandibular Salivary Glands (SMSG) were dissected out and extracted for lipids. The fatty acid composition of total lipids, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), phosphatidyl choline (PC), and phosphatidyl ethanola-mine (PE) fractions was determined. The levels of 16:1 and 18:1 were increased whereas those of 18:2 and 20:4 were decreased in the EFA deficient groups as compared to the controls. 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3 omega9) accumulated in the total lipids as well as other lipid fractions of the SMSG from the deficient rats. The levels of this fatty acid increased as the EFA deficiency progressed. Changes in fatty acid composition of SMSG lipids of EFA deficient rats were associated with a reduction in flow rate of whole saliva. Protein concentration and amylase activity of saliva was the same in the two groups. PMID- 702207 TI - Adipose cellularity and body composition in polygenic obese mice as influenced by preweaning nutrition. AB - Male mice from a line selected for rapid postweaning growth (M16) and an unselected control (ICR) were reared from birth to 3 weeks either in litters of eight (N8) or 14 (N14). Body weight gain and feed intake of M16 mice were greater than ICR. These high rates of gain and feed intake also were extended to an older age in M16 (10 weeks) than in ICR (6 weeks). The M16 line exceeded the ICR line and N8 mice exceeded N14 for fat, lean, ash, and live body weights at 4, 6, 10, 16, and 30 weeks of age. Fat percentage was greater in N8 than N14 for both ICR and M16. The adipose cellularity of the epididymal fat pads of M16 indicated a hypertrophic-hyperplastic form of obesity at 10, 16, and 30 weeks. Within each line, the N14 mice had fewer and slightly smaller fat cells than N8. However, M16 N14 mice still had considerably more and larger fat cells than ICR-N8. Restriction of energy intake from birth to 3 weeks reduced subsequent feed intake and degree of obesity. After 4 weeks, the genetic effect exerted a greater influence on the development of obesity than the preweaning nutritional regimen. PMID- 702208 TI - Effect of postweaning feed restriction on adipose cellularity and body compositon in polygenic obese mice. AB - The M16 line of mice, selected for rapid postweaning gain, exhibits polygenically controlled obesity and hyperphagia. The effect of limiting postweaning energy intake on the subsequent growth and development of obesity in M16 mice was investigated. Male mice from M16 and an unselected line (ICR) were provided either ad libitum or limited (congruent to 70% of ad libitum) feed during the rapid postweaning growth period from 4 to 6 weeks of age. Body weights (g) at 6 weeks of age were: ad libitum ICR (31.0 +/- 0.6), restricted ICR (23.8 +/- 0.7), ad libitum M16 (45.0 +/- 0.6) and restricted M16 (30.1 +/- 0.6). In both lines, restricted feed intake severely depressed body fat, lean, ash, and water at 6 weeks. In addition, percent triacylglycerol, fat cell size and number in the epididymal fat pads were lower. Restricted M16 and ICR mice showed a marked compensatory gain in all body components when subsequently fed ad libitum for 10 weeks. All measurements of adiposity at 16 weeks were similar for the restricted and ad libitum regimens within each line. The relative amounts of energy deposited as fat and lean between 4 and 16 weeks were not influenced by restricted feeding, but M16 mice deposited a larger proportion of energy as fat than as lean when compared with ICR mice. The results suggest that fat cell number is determined at a relatively early age in mice and is primarily under genetic control. PMID- 702209 TI - Stimulatory effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-like substances from Solanum malacoxylon and Cestrum diurnum on phosphate transport in chick jejunum. AB - Extracts of the calcinogenic plants Solanum malocoxylon and Cestrum diurnum stimulate phosphate absorption by the jejunum of vitamin D-deficient chicks, as determined by everted gut sac technique. Their action on cellular pathways of transepithelial phosphate transport is indistinguishable thereby from that of cholecalciferol. Increased net absorption from the lumen was due to enhanced uptake of phosphate from the luminal side, while leakage of tissue phosphate in the opposite direction was apparently unaffected. Steep serosa/mucosa concentration gradients were observed as consequence of enhanced levels of transepithelial phosphate flux in the mucosa-to-serosa direction. With respect to their stimulatory action on phosphate absorption, the calcinogenic plant factors retained their biological activity when phosphate transport was depressed by a high strontium diet. Their action in overcoming the strontium inhibition of phosphate absorption, calcium-binding protein synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase activity, was comparable to the effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. On the basis of these biological responses, the action of the plant factors from Solanum malacoxylon and Cestrum diurnum provides further evidence for their close resemblance to the hormonally active sterol. PMID- 702210 TI - Effect of malnutrition and rehabilitation on the metabolism of polyamines in rat liver. AB - In adult male rats the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMD) and the concentration of putrescine and spermidine increased markedly 3 to 4 weeks after feeding the animals a 6% casein diet. Incorporation of [14C]orotic acid into nuclear RNA also increased during this period of time. In contrast, spermine concentration remained unchanged. During the fifth week of protein restriction enzyme activities, putrescine and spermidine concentrations and orotic acid incorporation returned to control levels. After the restricted rats were put on a control diet there was a rapid increase above control levels in ODC activity and a proportionally smaller increase in SAMD activity. Putrescine and spermidine concentration also increase above control levels. Both enzyme activities and polyamine concentrations were within normal levels 96 hours after refeeding. Spermine values were unmodified by refeeding. After a transient rise 12 hours after refeeding, incorporation of labeled orotic acid into RNA decreased significantly for the rest of the experiment. PMID- 702212 TI - Occupational medicine in the United Kingdom. PMID- 702211 TI - The effect of dietary fat or cholesterol and cholic acid on the rate of synthesis of rat liver glucose-6-P dehydrogenase. AB - The effect of dietary fat or cholesterol and cholic acid on the rate of synthesis of rat liver glucose-6-P dehydrogenase was measured by isolating hepatocytes from the livers of rats fed diets containing various amounts and types of lipid. Hepatocyte proteins were labeled with [3H]leucine and glucose-6-P dehydrogenase was immunoprecipitated with a specific antiserum. The immunoprecipitates were electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and the radioactivity in the glucose-6-P dehydrogenase subunit was used to calculate the relative rate of synthesis of the enzyme. It is concluded that the activity of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase is primarily regulated by alterations in the rate at which the enzyme is synthesized. Dietary fat may decrease the rate of degradation of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase. PMID- 702213 TI - Health of women at work: the legislative aspects. PMID- 702214 TI - Sex discrimination is essential in industry. PMID- 702215 TI - The health of female air cabin crews. PMID- 702216 TI - The health of women in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. PMID- 702217 TI - Women in the workplace: a legal perspective. PMID- 702218 TI - Health assessment of employees with different body burdens of lead. PMID- 702219 TI - A hypertension control program based on the workplace. Report on the Chicago Center. AB - In several large Chicago companies and institutions, workplace screening of 7,151 persons yielded 833 suspect hypertensives. Of these, 91% attended a follow-up verification visit, where for 513 persons high diastolic pressure was confirmed. One-half of these persons were referred to their physicians for treatment and one half were randomly assigned to be treated directly by HDFP, in a step-wise pharmacologic regimen to normalize diastolic pressure. Of the 257 persons assigned to program treatment, 94% accepted such treatment, and over 90% of these still living in the community were active participants at one year. Average diastolic pressure of these active participants was 83.1 mm Hg at one year, compared to 102.6 at first screen and 98.8 at the second confirmatory screening. A strenuous effort has been made to reduce or eliminate obstacles to treatment, including lack of understanding of the need for long-term therapy, cost barriers and barriers of inconvenience of treatment. The medical team conducting the program combined physicians with nonphysician therapist-health counselors, plus "outreach" staff, to maximize program adherence. Preliminary experiences in the Chicago Center of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP) give encouraging evidence that the workplace is a useful base for successful hypertension control efforts. PMID- 702220 TI - Control of manganese dust and fume exposures at a ferromanganese production and processing facility. PMID- 702221 TI - Women at work. PMID- 702222 TI - Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns. I. The near peripheral visual field (eccentricity 0 degrees-8 degrees). AB - Contrast detection thresholds for moving spatial sine wave gratings were obtained, at the fovea, and at eccentricities of 1 degree, 2 degrees, 4 degrees, 6 degrees, and 8 degrees on the nasal horizontal meridan, for two subjects. The target field subtended 30 X 30 minutes of arc. The spatial frequency range extended from 2 cpd up to the spatial resolution limit, the temporal frequency range from 0.1 Hz up to the CFF. Mean retinal illuminance was 10 trolands. We find for these conditions: (i) Contrast detection thresholds are higher, the higher the spatial and/or temporal frequency of the stimulus. (ii) Acuity appears to be independent of the temporal frequency, the CFF appears to be independent of the spatial frequency. (iii) The higher the eccentricity, the higher the contrast detection threshold for any drifting sine wave pattern. The threshold doubles roughly any 2 degrees-3 degrees for spatial frequencies of 2-20 cpd, except that the visual field for a given fineness of grating is blind beyond a certain critical eccentricity. This critical eccentricity is a monotonically decreasing function of the spatial frequency of the grating. These measurements do not support the hypothesis that coarse patterns are preferentially detected at extrafoveal sites in the visual field. PMID- 702223 TI - Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine patterns. II. The far peripheral visual field (eccentricity 0 degrees-50 degrees). AB - Contrast detection thresholds for moving sine wave gratings were obtained at the fovea and at eccentricities of 6 degrees, 12 degrees, 21 degrees, 32 degrees, and 50 degrees on the nasal horizontal meridian. The field subtended 4 degrees X 4 degrees. Spatial frequencies ranged from 0.25 cpd up to the resolution limit, temporal frequencies from 0.1 Hz up to the CFF. Mean retinal illuminance was 10 trolands. We find for these conditions: (i) For any eccentricity there exists a unique combination of spatial frequency and velocity for which the threshold is a minimum. (Extremes are 2 cpd and 2 degrees s-1 at the fovea, and 0.5 cpd and 12 degrees s-1 at an eccentricity of 50 degrees. (ii) Acuity depends little on velocity, the CFF only little on spatial frequency. (iii) The higher the eccentricity, the higher the threshold for any drifting sine wave pattern. Except for this the qualitative threshold behavior as a function of spatial and temporal frequency is identical at the fovea and at eccentricities up to 50 degrees. The thresholds double every 12 degrees for spatial frequencies of 0.25-2 cpd. For a given spatial frequency the visual field is blind beyond a certain critical eccentricity. This critical eccentricity is a monotonically decreasing function of spatial frequency. PMID- 702224 TI - Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns. III. The target extent as a sensitivity controlling parameter. AB - Contrast detection thresholds for moving sine wave gratings were obtained at the fovea and at eccentricities of 6 degrees, 21 degrees, and 50 degrees on the nasal horizontal meridian. The targets subtended from 30 X 30 minutes of arc up to 16 degrees X 16 degrees. We have found that the contrast detection thresholds depend critically on the extent of the target field. If this extent is large enough peripheral detection thresholds are on a par with those measured at the fovea, only the sensitivity range is shifted to lower spatial frequencies. We show that if the just resolvable distance at any eccentricity is taken as a yardstick, and field width and spatial frequency are scaled accordingly, then the spatio temporal contrast detection thresholds become identical over the whole visual field. It is shown that a smaller area, measuring several just resolvable distances across, has to be stimulated before successive or simultaneous contrast detection is possible at all. Detection performance improves if the stimulated area is enlarged up to diameters of at least 10(2) just resolvable distances. The just resolvable distance correlates well with mean interganglion cell distance, and with the cortical magnification factor. PMID- 702225 TI - Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns. IV. The influence of the mean retinal illuminance. AB - Contrast detection thresholds for moving sine wave gratings were obtained at the fovea and at eccentricities of 6 degrees, 21 degrees, and 50 degrees on the nasal horizontal meridian. The targets subtended from 30 X 30 minutes of arc up to 16 degrees X 16 degrees. Mean retinal illuminance was varied between 10 and 0.01 trolands. The transition from the de Vries-Rose to the Weber region occurs in the far peripheral visual field at a 2-3 decades lower illuminance level than at the fovea. The spatio-temporal contrast detection thresholds become comparable over the whole visual field if the mean distance between retinal ganglion cells is taken as a yardstick, and field width, spatial frequency, and quantum density are scaled accordingly. This means that at scotopic illuminance levels coarse or medium gratings are preferentially detected at other than foveal locations. (The fine gratings cannot be resolved at all at such levels.) It is argued that both electrophysiological and psychophysical evidence indicates that Weber behavior starts whenever some small fixed number of quantum absorptions occur within an area of 1 mean interganglion cell distance across. Or, equivalently, if a fixed small number of "neural quanta" enters a 100 X 100 micron2 area of the visual cortex. PMID- 702226 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of pancreatic disease--the state of the art. PMID- 702227 TI - Concurrent hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism: report of two cases. PMID- 702229 TI - Prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome. PMID- 702228 TI - Complete ureteral substitution with intestinal segments. PMID- 702230 TI - Thermography-A negative appraisal. PMID- 702231 TI - Pituitary disease: the endocrinologist's view. PMID- 702232 TI - Aims and goals of a department of medicine. PMID- 702233 TI - The VIETNAMESE EMIGRE PHYSICIANS IN Oklahoma from 1975 to 1977. PMID- 702234 TI - Lipoatrophic diabetes with aortic insufficiency. PMID- 702235 TI - Revaccination of previous recipients of killed measles vaccine: clinical and immunologic studies. AB - Clinical and immunologic studies were performed in association with revaccination with live measles vaccine in 75 adolescents 11 to 14 years after immunization with killed measles vaccine. Ten subjects had local pain with swelling or erythema or both at the injection site; in three, the local reactions were severe and disturbing systemic complaints were also noted. These marked reactions were more common in subjects in whom the interval between the last dose of killed vaccine and the dose of live vaccine of the primary immunization series was less than or equal to 2 months, in subjects with prevaccination serum HAI antibody titers of less than or equal to 5, and in subjects with high measles antigen specific lymphocyte stimulation ratios. Serum complement levels could not be correlated with clinical reactions. Measles specific lymphocyte stimulation ratios were significantly higher in recipients of killed vaccine than in three compara,ive groups, in subjects with a killed-live interval in the initial vaccine series of less than or equal to 2 months as compared with greater than or equal to 3 months, and in subjects with prevaccination HAI antibody titers of less than or equal to 5 as compared with titers greater than or equal to 10. Although both low serum antibody and high measles specific lymphocyte reactivity were associated with marked local reactions, and probably indicative of susceptibility to atypical measles, our findings suggest that exaggerated lymphocyte reactivity is of greater importance in the adverse clinical response. PMID- 702236 TI - Activity of the alternative pathway of complement in the newborn infant. AB - Levels of C3, properdin, factor B, and C3 to C9 activity were markedly reduced in cord sera taken from 94 normal newborn infants. Nevertheless, cord serum supported complete activation of its own alternative pathway by zymosan or CoF. Lysis of a target cell, however, was defective; nearly 75% of cord sera had reduced rabbit erythrocyte CH50 titers. These were partially increased by the addition of factor B and properdin, and totally restored by adding factor B, properdin, and C3 to C9. Therefore, although the alternative pathway of the neonate is intact, it appears to be limited in its ability to generate an adequate number of stable and active enzymatic sites on a target cell membrane. PMID- 702237 TI - The phenotypic variability of diastrophic dysplasia. AB - To determine the relationship between so-called "diastrophic variant" and diastrophic dysplasia, four patients considered to have the variant condition were studied in detail and compared to 67 patients (including 17 sets of affected sibs) considered to have classical diastrophic dysplasia. Analysis of the combined clinical, radiographic, histologic, and genetic data indicates that there is wide variability in the phenotypic expression of diastrophic dysplasia, even within sibships, and that those individuals previously labeled as having "diastrophic variant" appear to have mild diastrophic dysplasia. PMID- 702238 TI - International nomenclature of constitutional diseases of bone. Revision--May, 1977. PMID- 702240 TI - Ovarian fibromata in four successive generations. PMID- 702239 TI - Enteritis, abscess, and septicemia due to Yersinia enterocolitica in a child with thalassemia. PMID- 702241 TI - Acute leukemia and hypopyon. PMID- 702242 TI - Abdominal plasma cell pseudotumor. PMID- 702243 TI - Response to influenza virus vaccine in children receiving chemotherapy for malignancy. PMID- 702244 TI - Renal cell carcinoma following radiation therapy for an adrenal cortical carcinoma. PMID- 702245 TI - Randomized trial of early closure of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in small preterm infants. AB - As a result of randomized assignment, 15 preterm infants weighing 1,500 gm or less at birth and who had a symptomatic PDA were treated according to a medical management protocol, and ten according to an early surgical closure protocol. All infants required mechanical ventilation at the time of study entry, which was one week after birth. Birth weight, gestational age, age at onset of congestive failure, age at study entry, and the initial morbidity of members of the two groups were similar. The nine surviving infants managed according to the surgical closure protocol were weaned from mechanical ventilation sooner, had a decreased need for digoxin and furosemide, achieved gastrointestinal function sooner, and had a smaller hospital bill than the 12 survivors of the medical management group. These results indicate that infants with a symptomatic PDA still requiring mechanical ventilation at one week after birth will benefit from surgical closure of the ductus at that time. PMID- 702246 TI - Digoxin therapy in low-birth-weight infants with patent ductus arteriosus. AB - Digoxin therapy was evaluated retrospectively in a group of 30, and prospectively in a group of 16 low-birth-weight, premature infants with cardiorespiratory symptoms due to persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus. The response to decongestive therapy was equivocal. Digoxin levels in serum varied between 1.5 and 13 ng/ml. Digoxin half-life in serum exceeded three days in four patients. Fourteen of the combined group of 46 infants had signs of toxicity of digoxin. High dosage, inadvertent overadministration, and variable clearance of digoxin, as well as special characteristics of the patients studied, are postulated as explanations for the high incidence of toxicity. This study suggests that digoxin therapy in low-birth-weight, premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus is not without risk. PMID- 702247 TI - Surgical resection for pulmonary interstitial emphysema in the newborn infant. AB - Three patients with pulmonary interstitial emphysema are presented in whom the course was similar and progressive. Eventually all three infants developed respiratory insufficiency and chronic dependence on mechanical ventilation, cardiovascular complications of patent ductus arteriosus with congestive heart failure, and seizures probably secondary to intermittent periods of asphyxia and hypoxemia. All infants underwent lobectomy and recovered rapidly. Follow-up examinations have shown some residual pulmonary abnormalities. All three infants are progressing within the normal range for motor development. PMID- 702248 TI - Neonatal transport: a controlled study of skilled assistance. Mortality and morbidity of neonates less than 1.5 kg birth weight. AB - To attempt to demonstrate the need for skilled care of sick neonates in transport, a modified randomized controlled study of infants being transported to this institution was carried out. Although special equipment was used, ambulances were not modified. Results of the first phase reported here show that infants weighing less than 1.5 kg at birth, transported by a trained physician and nurse, were significantly warmer, less hypotensive, and less acidotic on admission to the NICU. Mortality was significantly reduced, first week morbidity somewhat lessened, and duration of stay in hospital reduced by more than one third (P less than 0.01). PMID- 702249 TI - Pulmonary pressure/volume relationships during the last phase of delivery and the first postnatal breaths in human subjects. AB - Intrathoracic pressure and volume changes during delivery and the first postpartum breaths were measured in 17 term infants. The following findings emerged: (1) Infants were often exposed to high pressures during delivery, when significant volumes of lung fluid were expressed. (2) Despite this, none of the infants' lungs reinflated by passive "elastic recoil." (3) The active inspiratory effort required for reinflation was usually small or moderate, and an "opening pressure" did not appear to be necessary for the initial rise in volume. It is believed that diaphragm and intercostal muscle tone falls or disappears during delivery and returns during the first breath. PMID- 702250 TI - Fractured ribs: unusual presentation of rickets in premature infants. PMID- 702251 TI - Improved lung compliance after ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 702252 TI - Combined treatment of neonatal jaundice with cholestyramine and phototherapy. PMID- 702253 TI - Plasma concentrations of phenobarbital in mother and child after combined prenatal and postnatal administration for prophylaxis of hyperbilirubinemia. AB - Phenobarbital is known to reduce serum bilirubin concentration in the newborn infant, but optimal dosage is unknown. Ten pregnant women and their infants were given a standard regimen including prenatal maternal administration and postnatal administration to the infant during the first week of life. The plasma levels of phenobarbital in the infants were found to increase during the period of administration, and to remain high for many days beyond the period of hyperbilirubinemia. Optimal dose schedules for phenobarbital should be based both upon pharmacologic effects (including those other than bilirubin disposition) and upon the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug in the newborn infant. PMID- 702254 TI - Behavioral consequences of congenital rubella. AB - Psychiatric and behavioral consequences of congenital rubella are reported for 243 children studies during the preschool period, and for 205 of these who were re-examined at ages 8 to 9. At preschool 37% were retarded, with the skew toward severe and profound; 15% had reactive behavior disorder and 7% had autism. At school age retardation diminished to 25%, but neurotic problems and behavioral pathology due to neurologic damage both increased. There were two remissions and three new instances of autism. PMID- 702255 TI - Depilation treatment of hypertrichosis. PMID- 702256 TI - More on the diving reflex and supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 702257 TI - Removal of aspirated tracheal foreign bodies. PMID- 702258 TI - Diagnosis of appendicitis by barium enema. PMID- 702259 TI - More on breast vs bottle feeding and the incidence of illness. PMID- 702260 TI - Barium enema re acute appendicitis. PMID- 702261 TI - Intestinal surface area in infants with acquired monosaccharide intolerance. PMID- 702262 TI - Digital capillary sampling. PMID- 702263 TI - Outpatient management of placental insufficiency with heparin. PMID- 702264 TI - A comparison of two controlled trials concerning the efficacy of fetal intensive care. PMID- 702265 TI - Timing of delivery in high risk pregnancy by monitoring of fetal movements. PMID- 702266 TI - Comparative study of serum CAP activity during pregnancy in malformed and normal uterus. PMID- 702267 TI - Use of the psychological test report in the course of psychotherapy. AB - Most studies predicting psychotherapy outcome involve the use of a particular test or group of tests. Very little is found concerning the use or usefulness of what is more generally available, the psychological test report. This article discusses the psychological test report not only as a useful instrument to predict outcome of psychotherapy, but also as an objective measure to assist in understanding the progress of psychotherapy and to alert the therapist of potentially very critical and delicate situations. Case examples are included illustrating the use of the psychological test report during the course of psychotherapy. PMID- 702268 TI - A reply to Stricker's criteria for insurance reimbursement for psychological assessments. AB - Stricker (1978) proposes a set of criteria which has been offered as a guideline to determine third party payments for psychological assessments. While the author views these as generally reasonable for adult assessments, he suggests that a different set of criteria be used for child assessments. PMID- 702269 TI - Locus of control, learned helplessness, and control of heart rate using biofeedback. AB - Subjects were 24 male undergraduate students. False biofeedback was provided to give the impression of success or failure (helplessness) on a preliminary task. Authentic biofeedback was then provided for control of heart rate. Subjects were administered pre- and post-locus of control scales using Levenson's multidimensional scales. A significant relationship between locus of control and success or failure conditions added validity to Levenson's approach. Results and future research are discussed. PMID- 702270 TI - Cross-situational consistency among problem adolescents: an application of the two-factor model. AB - A study was conducted to measure cross-situational consistency of the orthogonal dimensions of the two-factor model of social-emotional functioning. According to this model, large proportions of variance in social-emotional functioning can be accounted for by two orthogonal, highly replicable dimensions. The setting was Hawthorne-Cedar Knolls, a long-term institution for emotionally disturbed and delinquent youths; the subjects were 206 residents of varied ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Cross-situational correlations between school and cottage settings were found to be .52 for Factor II (Cooperation-Compliance versus Anger-Defiance) and .42 for Factor I (Interest-Participation versus Apathy Withdrawal). The results confirm the consistency and discriminant validity hypotheses--specifically, correlations between the corresponding factors of different instruments measuring behavior in different settings were large, whereas correlations between noncorresponding factors were very low. The value of using broad, higher order factors in personality research on the trait versus situation issue is discussed. PMID- 702271 TI - Absorption of oral tetracycline in patients with Billroth-II gastrectomy. AB - The bioavailability of a single 250-mg oral dose of tetracycline hydrochloride was studied in seven patients following Billroth-II gastrectomy in comparison with seven control subjects matched for age and body weight. There were no significance differences between control subjects and gastrectomized patients in the apparent lag time prior to the start of absorption (23.6 vs. 22.8 min), peak serum tetracycline concentration (1.72 vs. 1.75 microgram/ml), the time of attainment of peak concentrations (3.35 vs. 3.42 hr), the apparent first-order absorption half-life (1.8 vs. 1.4 hr), or the apparent first-order elimination half-life (8.0 vs. 8.7 hr). Completeness of tetracycline absorption, as judged by area under the 24-hr serum concentration curve, did not differ significantly between the two groups, nor did 24-hr urinary excretion of tetracycline. Thus the abnormalities of gastrointestinal structure and function produced by Billroth-II gastrectomy do not result in impairment of the rate and completeness of tetracycline absorption. PMID- 702272 TI - Enzyme induction following a single dose of amobarbital in dogs. AB - The elimination of amobarbital in dogs was investigated by injecting various doses of amobarbital into a given animal. At low doses (3 mg/kg) serum levels declined in a first-order fashion. Superficially, at high doses (20 mg/kg) the relationship between serum concentration and time could be quantitatively characterized by simple one-compartment saturable kinetics. Indeed, qualitatively, saturation of the amobarbital-metabolizing enzymes was indicated by a shallower initial slope of the semilogarithmic concentration--time profile at the high than at the low dose. However, in addition, an acute enzyme induction phenomenon was observed which was indicated by a shorter terminal half-life of amobarbital at the high dose than after the low dose and also by a shortening in antipyrine half-life. PMID- 702273 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of percutaneous absorption: evidence of parallel penetration pathways for methotrexate. AB - Compartmental models were developed to describe the penetration of a drug from a topically applied vehicle through the skin. Data for in vitro penetration of methotrexate through hairless mouse skin from vehicles varying in pH from 3.5 to 6.5 were computer-fitted to estimate model parameters. Comparison of lag time and the exponential coefficient suggested that parallel penetration pathways exist. The fraction of drug penetrating through the shunt pathway increased as vehicle pH and ionization increased. Penetration curves were quantitatively partitioned into bulk tissue and shunt contributions. At pH 6.5, flux through the shunt pathway predominated. PMID- 702275 TI - IRS's myopic view of research. PMID- 702274 TI - Correlation between in vitro and in vivo drug metabolism rate: oxidation of ethoxybenzamide in rat. AB - In vitro and in vivo correlations of the microsomal oxidation of drugs were examined, using ethoxybenzamide as a model drug. Ethoxybenzamide disappearance time course from rat plasma in vivo was analyzed by a two-compartment model assuming a Michaelis-Menten type elimination process. Ethoxybenazmide oxidation in vitro was measured by the appearance rate of salicylamide in rat liver microsomal suspension. Parameters obtained were Vmax = 3.46 and 3.77 mumoles/min/kg body weight and Km = 0.378 and 0.192 mM, in vitro and in vivo, respectively. PMID- 702276 TI - Progestin permeation through polymer membranes I: diffusion studies on plasma soaked membranes. AB - The potential of several commercially available polymeric materials for use in controlled-release drug delivery devices was investigated. Progesterone was used as a model hydrophobic drug. The progesterone permeation rates through polydimethylsiloxane, two polyether urethanes, a hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a polyether urethan--polydimethylsiloxane blend, and a cellulosic membrane were determined. The permeabilities were obtained on nonsoaked membranes and on membranes soaked in plasma for varying times. The purpose of the plasma soaks was to examine the effects of lipid absorption and degradative processes within the membrane on progesterone permeability. This study identified several polymers that show potential for use in controlled-release drug delivery devices. The plasma treatment studies showed that several polymers may not be acceptable. The plasma soak studies were interpreted in terms of the mechanisms of drug permeation through the membranes. PMID- 702277 TI - Progestin permeation through polymer membranes II: diffusion studies on hydrogel membranes. AB - The potential use of hydrogels in controlled-release drug delivery systems for contraceptive steroids was investigated. The permeabilities, diffusion coefficients, and partition coefficients for progesterone were determined for hydrogels made from hydroxyethyl methacrylate containing varying amounts of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate. In addition, copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with methoxyethyl methacrylate and methoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate were investigated. The results were interpreted in terms of the mechanisms of permeation of progesterone through the hydrogels. This study showed that progesterone permeated these membranes primarily through loose pores in the hydrogel network except at high concentrations of the cross-linker, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, where dissolution and diffusion of the progesterone in the polymer network was the dominant mechanism. PMID- 702278 TI - Comparison of effects of quinidine and dihydroquinidine on canine heart. AB - Various cardiac effects of quinidine and dihydroquinidine were tested in isolated dog hearts and in vivo in dogs. No significant differences were found in the negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects. Dihydroquinidine was more potent than quinidine in decreasing coronary arterial pressure. PMID- 702279 TI - Plasma propranolol levels in beagle dogs after administration of propranolol hemisuccinate ester. AB - The hemisuccinate ester of propranolol was administered to beagle dogs to test its applicability as a potential prodrug of propranolol. Following oral administration of propranolol hemisuccinate, plasma propranolol levels were eight times higher than after an equivalent dose of propranolol hydrochloride. The hemisuccinate was absorbed rapidly, with peak plasma levels observed at 0.5--1 hr. Following intravenous dosing, the disappearance half-life of the prodrug from the plasma was 0.5 hr while the propranolol half-life was 1.7 hr. This study demonstrated the potential usefulness of the prodrug approach when a highly metabolized drug such as propranolol is protected from first-pass elimination. PMID- 702280 TI - Simple procedure for determining octanol--aqueous partition, distribution, and ionization coefficients by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - The described simple, accurate, and precise reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure is in excellent agreement with 1-octanol shake-flask partition or distribution coefficients over a 3.5 log range. A chemically bonded octadecylsilane support is persilated and coated with 1-octanol. With 1-octanol saturated buffers as mobile phases, a stable baseline (compared to 1-octanol adsorbed on silica) is obtained rapidly, and the log relative retention times are highly correlated with unit slope to log distribution or partition coefficients obtained from the classical shake-flask procedures. Only relatively basic, unhindered pyridines deviate, probably because of binding with residual silinol sites. In addition, if the apparent pKa or pKab of an ionizable compound lies within the pH operating range of the column support, the apparent pKa or pKab usually can be determined simultaneously with log P by measuring the log distribution coefficient at several pH values. The procedure gives rapid results, requires little material, and can tolerate impurities. PMID- 702281 TI - Substituted tetralins VI: Tentative assignment of absolute stereochemistry of 1 methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-naphthoic acid and N,N,1-trimethyl-1-phenyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-naphthylamine isomers. AB - The absolute configurations of the enantiomers of N,N,1-trimethyl-cis- and trans 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-naphthylamines (Ia and Ib) were assigned tentatively from the circular dichroism spectrum of a bridged ketone derived by cyclization of optically active 1-methyl-cis-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3 naphthoic acid (IIa). Thus, (--)-IIa and the corresponding amine, (--)-Ia, were assigned the (2S, 4R)-configuration. Epimerization of (--)-IIa through its methyl ester yielded the trans-acid, (--)-IIb, which established the absolute configuration of (--)-IIb and the corresponding amine, (--)-Ib, as (2R, 4R). PMID- 702282 TI - Pharmacokinetics of drug permeation through human skin. AB - Based on sorption and permeation characteristics of scopolamine in human skin in vitro and drug elimination kinetics obtained from pharmacokinetic studies, a mathematical model was developed for estimating and optimizing the temporal pattern of scopolamine delivery from a transdermal therapeutic system through human skin in vivo. Experimentally measured scopolamine delivery in vivo conformed to this model. PMID- 702284 TI - Heterocyclic tricycles as potential CNS agents I: 4-aminoalkylindeno[1,2 c]pyrazoles. AB - Series of 4-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-hydroxyindeno[1,2-c]pyrazoles and 4-(1 methyl-4-piperidyl)-4-hydroxyindeno[1,2-c-]pyrazoles were synthesized and identified. The compounds were evaluated as potential CNS agents using spontaneous and forced motor activity in mice as an initial test. 2-Ethyl-3 methyl-4-(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)-4-hydroxyindeno[1,2-c]pyrazole possessed significant biological activity. PMID- 702283 TI - Enhancement of bioavailability of a hydrophobic amine antimalarial by formulation with oleic acid in a soft gelatin capsule. AB - The relative availability of the orally administered hydrophobic antimalarial alpha-(dibutylaminomethyl)-6,8-dichloro-2-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-4 quinolinemethanol (I) from two dosage forms was determined in beagle dogs. Compound I was soluble in oleic acid to the extent of 23.5% (w/w), and oleic acid was suitable for encapsulation in soft gelatin capsules. The availability of I formulated as its hydrochloride salt in a standard hard gelatin capsule formulation was significantly lower than that of I formulated in a soft gelatin capsule with oleic acid as the solvent. A 20% solution of I in oleic acid (soft gelatin capsules) maintained at 23 degrees provided 4% of the oleic acid ester of I iwithin 1 month. Further reaction, however, was not seen over 2 years. PMID- 702285 TI - Interactions of caffeine and theophylline with p-cresol: UV studies. AB - UV absorption studies demonstrated the formation of weakly bonded charge transfer complexes between caffeine and theophylline with p-cresol in chloroform. The transitions involved were detected at wavelengths longer than those of the single pure substances. Equilibrium constants from the Benesi-Hildebrand equation could be measured together with other thermodynamic constants and molar extinction coefficients. In general, the equilibrium constants were very small while the entropies of formation were quite high. Even though the equilibrium constants of caffeine--p-cresol were independent of wavelength over a narrow range, the apparent enthalpies of formation of both complexes indicated wavelength dependence. PMID- 702286 TI - Hardness increase induced by partial moisture loss in compressed tablets and its effect on in vitro dissolution. AB - The hardness increase induced by partial moisture loss in compressed tablets was studied. Several factors such as the type and percentage of the excipient, the water solubility and hygroscopicity of the excipient or drug, and the influence of frequently used binders were investigated. The results indicate that the tablets increased in hardness by the recrystallization of the soluble excipient or the soluble drug in the void spaces This recrystallization occurred because of the moisture loss after expulsion of the solution of the excipient or drug in the void spaces on compression. The large increase in hardness induced by the partial moisture loss did not decrease in vitro dissolution appreciably. This result was clearly different from the hardness increase caused by higher compression loads in the absence of a moisture-induced effect, which showed a decrease in the in vitro dissolution as the hardness was increased. PMID- 702288 TI - Semiautomated system for high-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of dissolution rate of fludrocortisone acetate tablets. AB - A new semiautomated high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system is described to determine the dissolution rate of fludrocortisone acetate tablets. The system uses a miniaturized dissolution basket and shaft assembly having the same geometry as that given in USP XIX. This reduced size permits use of smaller volumes of dissolution medium, allowing most very low dose oral solid dosage forms to be handled. The USP dissolution kettle was also replaced with a new miniaturized vessel that continuously filters the sample solution before it enters the flow system. Volumes of dissolution medium as small as 15 ml can be accommodated, depending on the sensitivity of the assay employed and the solubility of the drug substance under study. The concentration of fludrocortisone acetate in solution was monitored by a new HPLC system employing a reversed-phase column compatible with the aqueous dissolution medium used. A comparative dissolution study of different lots was made using different basket rotation speeds. PMID- 702287 TI - Hemodynamic alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiac arrhythmias in corticoid treated rats. AB - Hemodynamic alterations were studied to determine their role in isoproterenol induced cardiac arrhythmias in the desoxycorticosterone acetate--saline-treat rat. Since epinephrine, a catecholamine possessing an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist component, was considerably less potent as an arrhythmogenic agent, an elevation in blood pressure was thought to be protective against arrhythmias. Both albuterol, a beta2-adrenergic agonist, alone and epinephrine administered following tolazoline, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, decreased blood pressure to that of isoproterenol but failed to elicit significant arrhythmias. Phenylephrine administered prior to isoproterenol resulted in significant arrhythmias despite the maintenance of mean blood pressure at normal levels. The study shows that blood pressure alterations are not important in the etiology of isoproterenol-induced arrhythmias in the corticoid-pretreated rat. PMID- 702289 TI - Bioavailability of sulfonamide suspensions I: Dissolution profiles of sulfamethizole using paddle method. AB - A comparative bioavailability study was performed using two commercially available, chemically equivalent brands of sulfamethizole suspension. One gram of each suspension was administered to 12 different subjects following a completely randomized crossover design. Serum levels and derived pharmacokinetic parameters were compared statistically. There were no significant differences in the extent of sulfamethizole absorption from the two suspensions as evidenced by the area under the serum level--time curves. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in the mean serum levels at 0.5 and 0.75 hr and differences in Cmax and tmax indicated that the absorption rate differed for the two products. In vitro tests including particle-size analysis and dissolution studies were performed. The size -frequency distribution of particles in the suspensions was studied using a resistance particle counter. The dissolution characteristics of the two products were studied using the Food and Drug Administration's paddle method and the spin filter apparatus. Suspension A had a significantly greater amount of drug dissolved at 15 and 30 min using either method. It also had a greater percentage of particles at the smaller size range, indicating that the greater dissolution rate may be related directly to the decreased particle size. A comparison of the in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated a definite rank-order correlation between the dissolution performance of the two suspensions and the in vivo parameters reflecting the absorption rate. Suspension A had a greater amount of drug dissolved at 15 and 30 min and resulted in higher serum levels at 0.5 and 0.75 hr, a higher Cmax, and a shorter tmax. PMID- 702290 TI - Disposition of norgestimate in the presence and absence of ethinyl estradiol after oral administration to humans. AB - The disposition of radioactivity following oral administration of 14C norgestimate was compared to that following administration of the drug in combination with 3H-ethinyl estradiol in humans. Seven normal, healthy female subjects were each administered one capsule orally containing 14C-norgestimate either alone (74.4 muCi, 0.50 mg) or in combination (73.5 muCi, 0.49 mg) with 3H ethinyl estradiol (103 muCi, 0.14 mg) in polyethylene glycol 400. Peak levels of radioactivity due to carbon-14 and tritium in plasma occurred within 2 hr after drug administration, followed by distribution and elimination phases. The mean apparent elimination half-life and mean cumulative elimination of radioactivity in the urine and feces following 14C-norgestimate administration were not significantly different than those following administration of the combination dose. Approximately 50% of the administered radioactivity due to carbon-14 was excreted in the urine following administration of 14C-norgestimate both in the presence and absence of coadministered 3H-ethinyl estradiol. PMID- 702291 TI - Molecular connectivity study of muscarinic receptor affinity of acetylcholine antagonists. AB - A correlation between three molecular connectivity indexes and the muscarinic receptor affinity of 104 acetylcholine antagonists was found. Analysis of structure from these indexes reveals not only the importance of the onium and the bulky portions of the molecule but also their virtual independence of each other on the affinity. Analysis of the onium group portion of the molecules indicates that its contribution to the experimental affinity is virtually constant through a variety of structural variations. The influence of the bulky side chains, in contrast, is quite structure dependent. The equation relating connectivity indexes to muscarinic affinity of antagonists is capable of predicting the affinity of other antagonists as well as a number of agonist molecules. PMID- 702292 TI - Facile separation of sulfonamides from their degradates by liquid--liquid extraction. AB - Regulation of acidity for protonation of the free N4-amine can provide for the selective liquid--liquid extraction isolation of a sulfonamide from its degradation products. This principle is applied for the stability-indicating determination of sulfacetamide in the presence of sulfanilamide, sulfaquinoxaline in feed, and sulfabromomethazine in dosage forms. In solution, sulfabromomethazine can exhibit photodecomposition to sulfamethazine. The mean relative errors of the these methods and the precision, represented by relative standard deviations, are each typically less than 2%. PMID- 702293 TI - Simultaneous solubilization of steroid hormones I: estrogens and C21 steroids. AB - The simultaneous solubilization of some estrogens and C21 steroids in aqueous polysorbate 40, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and sodium lauryl sulfate was studied. The less soluble estrogen estradiol was solubilized independently of the C21 steroids. The micellar solubilities of ethinyl estradiol and both corticosterone and hydrocortisone were independnet of the presence of each other while the solubility of 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was enhanced by ethinyl estradiol. The solubilizations of ethinyl estradiol and the two C21 steroids, progesterone and 21-hydroxyprogesterone, were dependent on each other so that a varying amount of the steroid solubilized first was precipitated by an excess of the second steroid. If saturated solutions of the two steroids were mixed, no precipitation occurred. A possible mechanism for the simultaneous solubilization of steroids and its relation to structure are discussed. PMID- 702294 TI - Fate of 14C-3-methylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole hydrochloride in rats and dogs. AB - The fate of 14C-3-methylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole hydrochloride, a potential psychotherapeutic agent, was studied in rats and dogs. Rats were given a single oral or intraperitoneal dose while dogs received the drug either orally or intravenously. Radioactivity in plasma samples and excreta was determined by liquid scintillation counting. In addition, 14C-levels in various rat tissues were estimated. The drug appeared to be well absorbed in both species. 14C-levels were highest in liver and lung and lowest in plasma. Excretion was primarily urinary and was more complete within the first 96 hr in the rat than in the dog, which suggested a longer 14C-half-life in the dog. No evidence was seen that the drug was demethylated. PMID- 702295 TI - Simulated respiratory system for in vitro evaluation of two inhalation delivery systems using selected steroids. AB - A simulated respiratory system was developed for the in vitro evaluation of two differently designed oral inhalation delivery systems. The deposition properties of a newly designed delivery system used for triamcinolone acetonide were compared to the more conventional, commercially available adapter utilized for an aerosol containing beclomethasone dipropionate. The simulated respiratory system was constructed so that the delivered dose of active ingredient could be classified into two fractions: the fraction that would be deposited in the oral cavity and throat and the fraction that would reach the desired site of activity in the respiratory tract. Based on this method, the newly designed system delivered more than 95% of the labeled dose to the desired site. The beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol system, which was observed to discharge the active ingredient with a greater intensity, delivered approximately 40% of the labeled dose. The particle-size distribution of the dose dispensed from the newly designed delivery system attached to the triamcinolone acetonide aerosol was determined using an impactor technique. No effort was made to correlate these results with an in vivo response. PMID- 702296 TI - Thiazole derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents: homolytic arylation of thiazole with phenylazotriphenylmethane. AB - The homolytic arylation of thiazole with phenylazotriphenylmethane (as a free radical source) was carried out to explore the potential chemotherapeutic activity of the resulting triphenylmethyl derivatives. The experimental data differed from similar results on other isosteric heterocycles: one compound only was obtained, having both phenyl and triphenylmethyl groups in the heterocyclic nucleus. The structure of 2-phenyl-5-triphenylmethylthiazole was established by IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. In particular, the mass spectral investigation indicated the cleavage of the 2,3- and 4,5-ring bonds, in contrast with the usual behavior of other thiazole derivatives with no triphenylmethyl substituent. PMID- 702297 TI - Improved synthesis of N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetic acid and analogs. AB - A new synthesis of N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl-methyl)iminodiacetic acid directly from nitrilotriacetic acid was developed. Six analogs also were synthesized. Their technetium Tc 99m complexes were prepared and characterized. Electrophoresis and chromatography were used to determine the radiochemical purity of each complex. PMID- 702298 TI - Dissolution profiles of drugs from tablets. AB - A theoretical equation to describe the drug dissolution from a tablet was derived by combining and equation for the disintegration rate of a tablet with an equation for the dissolution of particles. The theory is based on the assumptions that: (a) dissolution occurs only from the particles released in a medium by tablet disintegration, (b) the number of particles released into a medium obeys the equation N = NO(T/Td)m, and (c) the dissolution of particles, which are spherical in shape, is represented by the equation previously given by Brooke. Tablet dissolution versus time plots, obtained by calculating the equation with a computer, gave an S-shaped curve between the dissolution curve for particles starting at time zero and the curve for particles starting at the tablet disintegration time. The joint influences of disintegration and particle dissolution on the overall tablet dissolution profile also were examined. When dissolution of powders was rapid, disintegration of a tablet directly influenced its dissolution. When powders intrinsically dissolved slowly, the effect of disintegration on the tablet dissolution profile was slight. PMID- 702299 TI - Conductivity of drugs used for iontophoresis. AB - The electrical conductivities of drugs were measured in vitro using a conductivity MHO-meter. These experiments indicate that local anesthetics, vasoconstrictors, some corticosteroids, several anticancer drugs, and several antiviral agents are suitable for iontophoresis. The contribution to conductivity of buffers and nonspecific ions in the same solution with the drug also was defined. PMID- 702300 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oral cephalosporins: cephradine cephalexin. AB - A crossover experiment was utilized to compare the pharmacokinetics of a 1-g dose of cephalexin tablets, cephalexin capsules, or cephradine capsules in nine normal human volunteers. These antibiotics were administered as three formulations: two 500-mg capsulin every 6 hr for five doses, and one 1000-mg tablet of cephalexin every 6 hr for five doses. Pharmacokinetic parameters in the experimental groups showed no statistical differences (p greater than 0.1), indicating that these drugs are equivalent pharmacokinetically. PMID- 702301 TI - Versatile kinetic-approach to analysis of dissolution data. AB - A new kinetically based dissolution equation is presented that considers dissolution of polydisperse systems and disintegrating solid dosage forms. The equation is applicable under sink as well as nonsink conditions and enables the specific dissolution rate parameter, the dispersion parameter, the disintegration lag time, and a newly introduced parameter, the dissolution availability, to be evaluated simultaneously and directly from percent of label claim dissolved versus time data. The equation showed excellent fit to dissolution data for aminophylline tablets. The kinetic significance of the estimated parameters of the equation is discussed. The method of analysis is compared to an approach employing an empirical equation based on a modified Weibull distribution function. PMID- 702302 TI - Bioavailability of three commercial sustained-release tablets of quinidine in maintenance therapy. AB - The bioavailability of three quinidine formulations was estimated during a dosing interval at steady state following their administration in 12 selected patients in accordance with a Latin-square 3 x 3. Each subject received the three dosage forms as two tablets every 12 hr for 6 days. Blood and urine samples were taken on the 7th day during the regular 12-hr dosing interval. Unchanged quinidine was determined by a reported spectrofluorometric procedure. The total fluorescence of plasma quinidine and metabolites also was monitored. The data obtained indicate that one dosage form gave a high peak level followed by a fall in the concentration. The two other forms presented a relatively lower peak followed by a plateau and then a decline. The differences between the dose-corrected values of Cp,max were statistically significant. Secondary effects were observed particularly with one dosage form and could be related to the high Cp,max value and/or the high percentage of quinidine liberated rapidly in the GI tract. Blood and urinary data indicated an equivalent degree of absorption. The dissolution behavior of the formulations and their absorption data suggest that there is a correlation between the quantity dissolved at 30 min and Cp,max. PMID- 702303 TI - Rapid and micro high-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of plasma phenytoin levels. AB - A rapid and simple high-pressure liquid chromatographic microanalytical method was developed for the determination of clinically encountered plasma phenytoin levels. This method is accurate down to about 1 microgram of phenytoin/ml of plasma and requires as little as 10 microliter of sample. Total analysis time is about 10 min. The method involves deproteinizing with acetonitrile followed by monitoring the deproteinized sample at 254 nm. Phenytoin's primary metabolite in humans, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, also can be quantitated when present in moderately high clinically encountered concentrations. Plasma profiles of phenytoin and its metabolite were followed with time after an intravenous bolus injection to a rabbit. PMID- 702305 TI - Polarographic analysis of cephalexin. AB - Cephalexin was found to be polarographically reducible after hydrolysis in an acidic medium, producing two polarographic waves. Both waves were diffusion controlled. The concentration-diffusion plot method was used for the analysis of cephalexin in capsules. PMID- 702304 TI - Comparison of adsorbed films of a polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer with spread monolayers. AB - The adsorption of a polyvinylpyrrolidone-polyvinyl acetate graft copolymer from solution was studied by surface pressure measurement. Adsorption from the dilute solutions was slow, limited, in part, by diffusion of polymer molecules to the surface. When absorbed monolayers were compressed on a surface balance, the resulting surface pressure values paralled those of a spread monolayer, strongly suggesting that the structures of adsorbed and spread monolayers are the same. PMID- 702306 TI - Analysis of prazosin in plasma by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence method. AB - A specific high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence method for the quantitative analysis of prazosin in plasma at concentrations down to 0.2 ng/ml is described. The method involves the coextraction of drug and an internal standard from alkalinized plasma followed by a simple purification step prior to evaporation and high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence analysis. The method is sufficiently sensitive to allow pharmacokinetic analyses of 1-mg doses through five half-lives, with a relative standard deviation of 12%. PMID- 702307 TI - Synthesis of 1-methyl-2-phenylcarbamoylpyrazolidines as potential anticonvulsant agents. AB - Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of 1,4-dimethyl-3-pyrazolidinone yielded 1,4 dimethylpyrazolidine. The latter compound and 1-methylpyrazolidine reacted with aryl isocyanates to produce 1-methyl-2-phenylcarbamoylpyrazolidines. Several of these adducts displayed significant anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure and pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold tests. PMID- 702308 TI - Cardiovascular effects of Azadirachta indica extract. AB - A crude extract of the leaves of Azadirachta indica was studied for its effects on the cardiovascular system of anesthetized guinea pigs and rabbits. These effects include profound hypotension and a minimal negative chronotropic effect, which increased at higher doses. In one rabbit, 200 mg of extract/kg decreased the heart rate from 280 to 150 beats/min. The extract also exhibited a weak antiarrhythmic activity in rabbits against ouabain-induced dysrhythmia. PMID- 702309 TI - Use of guinea pigs as model to study galactose-induced cataract formation. AB - Because the dietary requirement for ascorbic acid is similar in humans and guinea pigs, galactose-induced cataract research with the guinea pig as an experimental model instead of the rat might be appropriate and may represent a closer analogy to galactosemic cataract formation in humans. In this study, dietary ascorbic acid was found in all guinea pigs to have a retarding or delaying effect on the development of galactose-induced cataracts. PMID- 702310 TI - Quinazolinylformamidines and quinazolinediylbisformamidines as antihypertensive agents. AB - Eleven quinazolinylformamidines and quinazolinediylbisformamidines were synthesized and investigated for antihypertensive activity in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Several compounds showed moderate antihypertensive activity at 100 mg/kg po. The same compounds were not hypotensive in the normotensive dog. PMID- 702311 TI - Quantitative determination of cephalexin in cephradine by NMR spectroscopy. AB - An NMR method to determine quantitatively the presence of cephalexin in cephradine was developed. The method is applicable to the chemical itself as well as to capsules and oral suspension formulations. The determination is based on the NMR signal arising from the five aromatic protons of the cephalexin molecule. Integration of this signal relative to a signal from cephradine provides the data necessary to determine the percentage of cephalexin present. The precision at the 2% cephalexin levels is +/- 0.18%. The time required to carry out a single analysis is about 10 min, and five analyses can be done in about 0.5 hr. PMID- 702312 TI - Mass fragmentographic determination of methadyl acetate in urine using stable isotope labeled analog as internal standard. AB - A quantitative GLC-mass spectrometric assay was developed for the determination of methadyl acetate in urine. The assay utilized selective ion focusing to monitor, in a GLC effluent, the M--15 ion generated by electron-impact ionization of methadyl acetate. Methadyl acetate-d4 was used as an internal standard. The assay can measure 10 ng of drug/ml with about 6% precision. The curve relating the amounts of drug added to control urine versus the amounts experimentally found over a large concentration range is a straight line with a slope of 0.98 +/ 0.02 and a nearly zero intercept. Assay specificity was confirmed by complete identity of the mass spectrum of methadyl acetate in the biological extract with that of the authentic material. The method was used for the urinary analysis of methadyl acetate in a rabbit given a single intravenous dose. The animal excreted less than 1% of the intact drug with a half-life of approximately 15 hr. Consequently, the long-acting characteristic of methadyl acetate must be attributed to its metabolism into active metabolites. PMID- 702313 TI - Color analysis of dextrose solutions using a color difference meter. AB - A method for quantitating color measurements in dextrose solutions by using a color difference meter is described. This method was shown to correlate well with standard American Public Health Association (APHA) color measurements. A mathematical relationship was developed relating yellowness index values to APHA numbers as described in the USP for dextrose solutions. This relationship was tested by comparing the results from standard APHA color tests on laboratory samples of autoclaved dextrose solutions to APHA numbers calculated from yellowness index values for the same samples. PMID- 702315 TI - Use of a nitrogen detector for GLC determination of fluorouracil in plasma during single- and combined-agent chemotherapy. AB - A GLC assay for fluorouracil was developed and used to monitor plasma drug levels in patients on both single- and combined-agent chemotherapy. Fluorouracil is extracted from plasma, derivatized by flash methylation, and estimated using a thermionic nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The GLC determination was accurate at concentrations as low as Q.1 microgram/ml of human plasma. Other drugs commonly used in combination with fluorouracil did not interfere with the assay. PMID- 702314 TI - Evaluation of commercial ginseng products. AB - The variation in panaxoside content of roots and commercial products of Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolium was evaluated by a new spectrodensitometric TLC method. The method is rapid and applicable to all commercial products, and it has a relative standard deviation of 6.4%. Panaxoside patterns of slurry-filled capsules and root extracts most closely resembled those of whole roots. Tablets did not contain detectable panaxosides while teas and granules for infusion yielded only low concentrations. The wide variation among these products indicates the need for more rigid control. PMID- 702316 TI - Ascorbic acid elimination in humans after intravenous administration. PMID- 702318 TI - Adsorption of fluorouracil on glass surfaces. PMID- 702317 TI - Absorption of saccharin from rat urinary bladder. PMID- 702319 TI - Studies on bitolterol, di-p-toluate ester of N-tert.-butylarterenol: a new long acting bronchodilator with reduced cardiovascular effects. AB - The bronchodilator activity of bitolterol, the di-p-toluate ester of N-tert. butylarterenol (N-t-B) was evaluated by comparing it with the activity of the parent compound (N-t-B), isoproterenol and in some experiments with salbutamol in the anesthetized, open-chest dog maintained under artificial respiration. Bronchodilation was expressed as percent inhibition of the control bronchoconstriction induced by intravenous carbachol or histamine. At equiactive intravenous bronchodilator doses, the duration of action of bitolterol was 10 times that of N-t-B or isoproterenol. In the cardiovascular studies in anesthetized dogs, chronotropic, inotropic and blood pressure effects of bitolterol were markedly reduced relative to its bronchodilator effect. The bronchodilator/heart rate ratio for bitolterol was 22 times that of isoproterenol and 6 times that of N-t-B or salbutamol suggesting greater selectivity for beta2 adrenoreceptors for bitolterol. A good intraduodenal bronchodilator activity with a prolonged duration of action was obtained with bitolterol when compared with N t-B and isoproterenol. The intraduodenal/intravenous bronchodilator dose ratio for bitolterol was 2 compared with 240 and 960 for N-t-B and isoproterenol, respectively. Bitolterol showed a significantly less (P less than .01) chronotropic effect than salbutamol at equibronchodilator doses (ED60) by intraduodenal or aerosol administration. A similar difference in chronotropic effect was observed in the unanesthetized dog. The prolonged bronchodilator effect of bitolterol was attributed to high concentration of the ester in lung tissues and to its slow hydrolysis, gradually releasing the active catecholamine, N-t-B. PMID- 702320 TI - The cardiovascular effects of the antihypertensive drug debrisoquin: A contribution to the pharmacology of chronic treatment. II. Eight-week administration to dogs. AB - Debrisoquin was administered twice daily at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg p.o. to normotensive mongrel dogs for 8 weeks. Weekly measurements of systolic blood pressure in the conscious animals revealed a drug-induced fall by 10 to 12 mm Hg which was fully developed after 2 weeks and was maintained throughout the treatment period. Body weight, blood volume, hematocrit and plasma sodium and potassium did not change significantly under debrisoquin while there was a slight but just significant increase in plasma volume. No adverse effects were observed. Sixteen hours after the last dose, the animals were anesthetized with chloralose urethane and subjected to several hemodynamic and biochemical measurements. The following results obtained after prolonged treatment with debrisoquin were not different from those after subacute administration (1-week treatment) reported in the preceding paper: decrease in blood pressure and cardiac output, reduction of the pressor response to bilateral carotid occlusion and of the vasoconstrictor effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation in the perfused hind legs and the isolated perfused mesenteric arteries, decrease in sympathetic tone to the vasculature of the hind leg and depletion of norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings. The sensitivity of arterial blood vessels to norepinephrine was not altered. However, the bradycardic effects of debrisoquin did fade in the course of the treatment. The results indicate the absence of the development of tolerance to nearly all cardiovascular effects of debrisoquin during a treatment of 8 weeks. PMID- 702321 TI - A study of the effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) on mammalian salivary flow. AB - delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) caused no change in either pilocarpine or acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated salivary flow of the cat but significantly decreased salivary flow from the submaxillary gland of the car and dog during electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani. In contributing to this effect, delta 9-THC significantly decreased (47%) basal arterial blood flow to the submaxillary gland of the dog and markedly reduced (51%) the stimulated blood flow to the gland produced by electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani. The decrease in stimulated blood flow by delta 9-THC suggested an effect on the ACh of the gland. No decrease in the synthesis of ACh could be demonstrated in the submaxillary gland of the dog. A significant decrease (37%) in the release of ACh from transmurally stimulated guinea-pig ileum, a model tissue, was produced by delta 9-THC. These data suggest that delta 9-THC decreases electrically stimulated salivary flow by a mechanism involving the decrease in release of ACh which results in a reduction of blood flow to the submaxillary gland, and, also, less ACh for stimulation of the secretory cells of the gland. PMID- 702322 TI - Hepatotoxicity and metabolism of iproniazid and isopropylhydrazine. AB - Iproniazid (1-isonicotinoyl-2-isopropylhydrazine), an antidepressant drug removed from clinical use because of hepatic injury, and isopropylhydrazine, a metabolite of iproniazid, were found to be potent hepatotoxins in rats. This animal model was used in studies in vivo and in vitro to define better the biochemical and chemical mechanism(s) by which iproniazid and isopropylhydrazine mediate hepatotoxicity. Phenobarbital, an inducer of a class of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes, greatly potentiated the necrosis, whereas inhibitors of these microsomal enzymes such as cobalt chloride, piperonyl butoxide and alpha naphthylisothiocyanate, prevented the necrosis. Bis-para-nitrophenyl phosphate, an inhibitor of esterase and amidase enzymes, prevented the necrosis caused by iproniazid but had no effect on the necrosis caused by isopropylhydrazine. Iproniazid and isopropylhydrazine labeled with tritium or carbon-14 in the isopropyl group were found to bind covalently to hepatic tissue macromolecules, and those pretreatments that increased hepatic necrosis significantly increased covalent binding, whereas those pretreatments which prevented necrosis significantly decreased covalent binding. Iproniazid labeled with tritium in the pyridine ring or carbon-14 in the carbonyl group did not bind significantly to hepatic tissue. Rats that were given iproniazid or isopropylhydrazine, labeled specifically with tritium and carbon-14 on the c-2 methine position of the isopropyl group, expired acetone and carbon dioxide labeled with carbon-14. More importantly, propane was expired and contained a ratio of 3H/14C that was identical to that in the administered iproniazid or isopropylhydrazine and also identical to the 3H/14C ratio of the metabolite that was covalently bound to hepatic tissue macromolecules. Experiments carried out with rat liver microsomes and isopropylhydrazine specifically labeled with deuterium, tritium and carbon-14 support the view that isopropylhydrazine is the metabolite of iproniazid that is oxidized by a microsomal P-450 enzyme to a species that alkylates tissue macromolecules. Some of the urinary metabolites excreted by rats that were administered hepatotoxic doses of iproniazid and isopropylhydrazine have been identified by cochromatography and isotope dilution with synthetic standards and by comparative mass spectra. Compounds excreted into the urine of rats dosed with iproniazid include iproniazid, iproniazid-1-oxide, isonicotinic acid, isonicotinoyl glycine, acetylisoniazid, isopropylhydrazine, 1-acetyl-2 isopropylhydrazine and acetone. Isopropylhydrazine, 1-acetyl-2 isopropylhydrazine, and acetone have been found in the urine of animals administered toxic doses of isopropylhydrazine. PMID- 702323 TI - Brain and plasma concentrations of amphetamine isomers in mice. AB - Brain and plasma concentrations of (+)- and (-)-amphetamine were compared as a function of dose and time after administration to mice. Doses of an amphetamine isomer contained 12 muCi of [14C]-(+) or (-)-amphetamine. Thirty minutes after administration of 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg i.p., (+)-amphetamine/(-)-amphetamine concentration ratios in the brain were significantly greater than 1; this ratio was less than 1 for the 15 mg/kg dose. Plasma concentration ratios were significantly greater than 1 for all doses. The ratios of +/-isomers were consistently greater than 1 in brain and plasma when determined at various times (7.5--120 min) after 2.5 and 10 mg/kg i.p. By contrast, i.v. administration of these doses resulted in no isomeric differences in brain amphetamine, alhough plasma (+)-amphetamine/(-)-amphetamine ratios remained somewhat elevated. After SKF 525-A pretreatment, the i.p. and i.v. routes resulted in similar (+) amphetamince/(-)-amphetamine concentration ratios. These results suggest that (-) amphetamine has a higher apparent volume of distribution (Vd) than (+) amphetamine [Vd for (+)- and (-)-amphetamine, 2.5 mg/kg i.v. = 3.35 and 4.61 liters/kg, respectively; Vd for (+)- and (-)-amphetamine 10 mg/kg i.v. = 2.36 and 4.61 liters/kg, respectively] and that the (-)-isomer may be extracted more efficiently by the liver [plasma clearance (V) for (+)- and (-)-amphetamine 2.5 mg/kg i.v. = 6.91 and 9.09 liters/hr/kg respectively; V for (+)- and (-) amphetamine 10 mg/kg i.v. = 2.85 and 4.33 liters/hr/kg, respectively] resulting in lower plasma and brain concentrations after i.p. administration. PMID- 702324 TI - Carrier-mediated transport of the organic cation procaine amide ethobromide by isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - Using hepatocytes isolated by collagenase perfusion, we studied the kinetic characteristics of the uptake process for procaine amide ethobromide (PAEB). Determination of initial uptake velocities (Vo) at substrate concentrations from 30 to 400 micrometer demonstrated a saturable process with a Km of 54 +/- 10 micrometer and a Vmax of 0.13 +/- 0.01 nmol/min/mg of protein. Pretreatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors and reduction of the incubation temperature significantly reduced the Vo of 100 micrometer PAEB. Replacement of sodium ions with lithium had no effect, while replacement with choline decreased Vo by 75%. The intracellular concentration of PAEB was 18 times the medium concentration after 90 min, but 33% of that was in the acetylated form. Uptake of N4-acetyl PAEB occurred at a much lower rate and reached a cell/medium ratio of only 6 after 90 min. Only one of seven quaternary amines tested inhibited PAEB uptake at an inhibitor/substrate ratio (I/S) of 7.5, while four out of five tertiary amines significantly decreased Vo at an I/S of 0.75 and all five decreased it at a ratio of 7.5. Some organic acids and steroidal compounds also significantly decreased PAEB Vo at an I/S of 0.75, while others from each group had no effect at an I/S of 7.5. Because uptake is saturable, requires metabolic energy, and occurs against an electrochemical gradient, it is suggested that the hepatic accumulation of PAEB occurs via an active, carrier-medicated transport process. PMID- 702325 TI - Choleresis associated with metabolism and biliary excretion of diethyl maleate in the rat and dog. AB - Diethyl maleate (DEM) induces a choleresis in the rat and dog that appears to be canalicular in origin (bile flow and erythritol clearance increase equally) and occurs in the absence of an increase in bile salt excretion. Increased bile flow is probably accounted for by the osmotic activity of DEM compounds excreted into bile. These compounds represent the glutathione conjugate of DEM (DEM-GSH) and its subsequent metabolic products. Conjugation of DEM largely accounts for the depletion of hepatic GSH. PMID- 702326 TI - Electroencephalographic and behavioral effects of D-ala2-methionine enkephalinamide and morphine in the rat. AB - Rats were prepared with chronic cortical and temporalis muscle electrodes and bilateral intraventricular (i.vt.) cannulae. The direct and voltage integrated electroencephalogram (EEG) and integrated electromyogram as well as gross behavior were monitored after the i.vt. injection of D-enkephalin (10--240 microgram), morphine (2.5--40 microgram), naloxone (25--50 microgram) or sterile water (10 microliter). EEG high-amplitude slow-frequency waves (EEG slow bursts) occurred after i.vt. morphine or D-enkephalin and were associated with behavioral stupor. The behavioral depressant effect was followed by behavioral arousal and EEG activation. The EEG voltage output during morphine or D-enkephalin-induced EEG slow-wave activity was dose-dependent and was correlated with the behavioral state of the rat. D-Enkephalin was less potent and shorter-acting than morphine but produced a greater maximal response with respect to increasing the EEG voltage output. The effects of D-enkephalin and morphine were antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg s.c.). On the other hand, the i.vt. injection of naloxone alone or sterile water had no disruptive effect of the EEG or behavior of the rat. The results of this study established a dose-response relationship for the i.vt. administration of morphine and D-enkephalin using the direct and voltage integrated EEG. The demonstrated difference in maximal EEG response between morphine and D-enkephalin supports the contention that heterogenous opiate receptors in the brain may mediate their effects. PMID- 702327 TI - Central cholinergic and noradrenergic stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In order to test the integrity of central receptors, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Okamoto strain and weight-matched control rats of the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) strain were given intracerebroventricular (i.vt.) injections of carbachol and norepinephrine. The rats, in an unanesthetized, unrestrained state, were tested for drinking, antidiuretic and pressor responses. Antidiuretic hormone release was determined by using water loaded, diuresing rats as their own antidiuretic hormone bioassay. Blood pressure was measured directly from a femoral artery catheter. Drinking responses to i.vt. carbachol and antidiuretic responses to i.vt. carbachol and norepinephrine infusions were not different between SHR and WKY while pressor responses were potentiated in SHR. The potentiated pressor responses to central carbachol and norepinephrine injections were the result of increased vascular responsiveness to the antidiuretic hormone released by these drugs. A second, neurally mediated, factor was also apparent to i.vt. carbachol injections. This additional factor could be increased sympathetic outflow to central drug stimulation, increased vascular reactivity to sympathetic outflow, decreased baroreflex responses or a combination of the above. PMID- 702328 TI - Age-dependence of inhibition of rat brain synaptic vesicle [3H]norepinephrine uptake caused by administration of a single dose of reserpine: persistence of inhibition in adults but not in neonates. PMID- 702329 TI - The effects of colloidal and crystalloidal fluids on rattlesnake venom shock in the rat. PMID- 702330 TI - Handling of triamterene by the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - Quantitative studies on the renal handling of [3H]triamterene were performed in an isolated perfused rat kidney with near normal function and in an isolated kidney with negligible filtration rate, but preserved perfusate flow rate. The excretory pattern for [3H]triamterene is compatible with that of other weak bases such as quinine and quinacrine. Tubular secretion of [3H]triamterene is strongly inhibited by anoxia and iodoacetate. Tubular reabsorption of [3H]triamterene becomes pronounced when the urine is alkaline. Clearances were reported with and without correction for perfusate albumin binding which is about 75%. Bidirectional transport processes are operative in that [3H]triamterene is secreted by the renal tubule and passively diffuses back across the tubular epithelium by a pH-dependent mechanism. PMID- 702332 TI - Involvement of adrenergic nervous influences in ouabain-induced nonuniformity of ventricular repolarization. PMID- 702331 TI - Hypercalcitoninism and C-cell hyperplasia in rats with goiters produced by a low iodine diet or propylthiouracil. PMID- 702333 TI - Methadone-induced respiratory depression in the dog: comparison of steady-state and rebreathing techniques and correlation with serum drug concentration. AB - The respiratory effect of di-methadone administered subcutaneously was examined in awake, unsedated female Labrador retrievers in which a chronic tracheostomy had been established. Respiratory depression was determined from the change in ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Two methods for assessing the response were evaluated and compared, namely the classical steady-state and rebreathing techniques. Maximal methadone-induced respiratory depression after administration of 2 mg/kg of dl-methadone occurred by 1 hr as detected by both methods, but the magnitude of the response as detected by the steady-state technique was significantly greater. At 8 hr significant respiratory depression was still detectable by the steady-state but not by the rebreathing technique. At comparable serum drug levels, the rebreathing method consistently detected a smaller degree of drug-induced respiratory depression. Methadone administration produced a decrease in slope of the ventilation-response curve which was significant at 1 and 2 hr for both methods. Slopes of the response curves obtained at pretreatment control measurements were markedly different for the two techniques, being significantly greater for the rebreathing method. Serum dl methadone concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean serum half life of methadone was 4.7 hr. There was excellent correlation between the logarithm of serum drug concentration and drug-induced respiratory depression as measured by either technique. PMID- 702334 TI - Interaction of methadone and ethanol metabolism. AB - To determine whether there might be a physiologic basis for the abuse of ethanol by methadone maintenance patients, studies of methadone metabolism were conducted in vivo and in vitro after acute and chronic ethanol administration to rats. Acute administration of ethanol resulted in increased brain and liver concentrations of methadone at two time periods and decreased biliary output of pharmacologically active methadone measured by radioactive tracer technique with [3H]methadone. In vitro, ethanol inhibited N-demethylation of methadone by microsomes from livers of naive rats, with a Ki averaging 32 mM (146 mg/kl). Also, methadone metabolism was inhibited by carbon monoxide indicating cytochrome P-450 dependence as is the case for ethanol. Chronic administration of ethanol to rats led to decreased levels of unmetabolized methadone in brain and liver, in vivo, and to increased microsomal N-demethylation of methadone, in vitro, compared to pair-fed controls. Therefore, acute ethanol administration may enhance cerebral effects of methadone by interfering with degradation of methadone at liver microsomal sites. Chronic ethanol administration increases methadone metabolism by stimulating degradation in liver microsomes. PMID- 702335 TI - The effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the conversion of [3H]trypotphan to 5-[3H] hydroxytryptamine in the mouse brain. AB - The effects of a 30-min pretreatment with varying doses of delta9 tetrahydrocannibinol (delta9-THC) on the synthesis of 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine (5 [3H]HT) from an intravenous 10-min pulse of L-[3H]tryptophan ([3H]try) were measured in the mouse brain. We also determined the effects of delta9-THC on several parameters believed to influence the synthesis of brain 5-HT, including total and free plasma tryptophan and the high-affinity synaptosomal uptake of tryptophan. Delta9-THC was found to increase the amount of [3H]try accumulated by the brain as well as the amount of 5-[3H]HT synthesized. This effect was greater at intermediate doses than at the highest dose tested. However, delta9-THC was determined to have no effect on the actual rate of conversion of [3H]try into 5 [3H]HT at any dose tested. Delta9-THC had no effect on either plasma tyrosine ot free tryptophan levels. However, delta9-THC decreased total plasma tryptophan at low and intermediate doses, but had no effect at the highest dose tested. Synaptosomal uptake of [3H]try was unaffected by pretreatment with delta9-THC at any dose tested. These data suggest that delta9-THC increases the synthesis of 5 HT, not by altering the actual rate of conversion of tryptophan to 5-HT, but by altering, via an unknown mechanism, the quantity of tryptophan available for conversion to 5-HT. PMID- 702336 TI - N,N-Di-n-propyl dopamine: a qualitatively different dopamine vascular agonist. AB - N,N-di-n-propyl dopamine (DPDA) dilates the renal vascular bed by action on dopamine (DA) vascular receptors. In phenoxybenzamine-treated dogs DPDA caused dose-related increments in renal blood flow with an ED50 approximately 15 to 30 times greater than DA. The renal vasodilation was not antagonized by propranolol, antihistamines, atropine or hexamethonium, but was attenuated specifically by the DA antagonists metoclopramide and haloperidol. DPDA lacked beta adrenergic activity. In doses up to 480 microgram/kg i.v. DPDA had no effect on cardiac contractile force, whereas the minimal effective dose of DA is usually less than 8 microgram/kg. Increments in femoral or renal blood flow produced by DPDA were not antagonized by propranolol. DPDA and DA also differed in their effects on the femoral vascular bed. Before administration of phenoxybenzamine DPDA caused vasodilation while DA typically produced dose-related vasoconstriction. DPDA induced femoral vasodilation was markedly attenuated by phenoxybenzamine and hexamethonium in contrast to renal vasodilation which was not affected by these drugs. DPDA was also a weaker vasoconstrictor than DA. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to synthesize DA vascular agonists with qualitatively different pharmacological profile than DA. PMID- 702338 TI - N-Demethylation of cocaine in the rat and in isolated rat hepatocytes: comparison with aminopyrine demethylation. PMID- 702337 TI - Structure-activity relationships of natural and synthetic cannabinoids in suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. AB - Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) a psychoactive constituent of marihuana, has been shown in previous studies to suppress humoral and cell mediated immunity. The objective of this study was to determine whether structural modification of delta-9-THC would result in a more potent immunosuppressant agent devoid of central nervous system activity. The ED50 for reduction of the humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes as measured by spleen plaque forming cells/10(6) spleen cells was 70 mg/kg for delta-9-THC. Delta-8-THC, 1-methyl delta-8-THC and abnormal delta-8-THC were more potent with ED50 values of 14, 13 and 8 mg/kg, respectively. Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to sheep erythrocytes. At doses of 100 mg/kg s.c. for 4 days, the cannabinoids suppressed the delayed-type hypersensitivity response from 35 to 64%. These data show that the cannabinoids can cause immunosuppression which is not related to central nervous system activity since 1-methyl delta-8-THC and abnormal delta-8-THC have minimal central nervous system activity. PMID- 702339 TI - Kinetics of metabolite formation and elimination in the perfused rat liver preparation: differences between the elimination of preformed acetaminophen and acetaminophen formed from phenacetin. AB - Both [14C]phenacetin and [3H]acetaminophen in tracer concentrations were perfused simultaneously once through the rat liver preparation at a constant perfusate flow rate (10 ml/min), and the rates of appearance of [14C]acetaminophen and [3H]acetaminophen in the effluent were compared. The data indicated that the extraction ratio of [14C]acetaminophen derived from [14C]phenacetin was smaller than that of the preformed [3H]acetaminophen added to the input perfusate (exogenously), i.e., the availability of the metabolite formed in situ was higher than the availability obtained when the metabolite was presented in the input blood. The observed availability of the acetaminophen derived from phenacetin was usually greater than that predicted by a "well-stirred" model and less than that predicted by a "parallel tube" model of hepatic drug clearance; the former model describes the liver as a well-stirred compartment with the drug in liver in equilibrium with that in the hepatic venous blood, and the latter model describes the liver as a group of identical and parallel uints with enzymes distributed evenly in hepatocytes lining the tubes. We conclude that the liver may be viewed as an imperfectly mixed compartment with regard to the availability of the metabolite which is generated from a precursor. PMID- 702340 TI - Disposition of clonidine in rats as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - The disposition of the potent antihypertensive drug clonidine has been poorly understood through the lack of a convenient and sensitive assay. A radioimmunoassay for clonidine has been developed and is capable of detecting as little as 10 pg of clonidine. 2,6-Dichlorophenyl-guanidine, a known metabolite of clonidine, did not cross-react with the antiserum whereas another metabolite, 4 hydroxyclonidine, was as potent as clonidine in displacing labeled clonidine from the antibody. However, a simple solvent extraction step before the radioimmunoassay selectively extracted clonidine from a mixture of clonidine and 4-hydroxyclonidine in alkaline plasma and this procedure permitted a specific assay for clonidine. The plasma levels of clonidine in rats after the administration of a hypotensive dose (100 microgram/kg i.v.) were determined by radioimmunoassay and these data indicated that the disposition of clonidine conforms to an open two-compartment, pharmacokinetic model. Clonidine rapidly accumulated in the brain as shown by the attainment of peak concentrations within 2 min of i.v. injection. PMID- 702341 TI - Spin-label study of phenothiazine interactions with erythrocyte ghost membranes: a possible membrane-mediated antisickling action. AB - Erythrocyte membrane alterations by 11 phenothiazine derivatives known to inhibit the sickling phenomenon in vitro have been evaluated in ghosts by the spin labeling technique. Four sulfydryl-reactive spin labels were employed: 4 maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl; 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidinooxyl; 3-[(2-iodoacetamido)methyl]-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1 pyrrolidinyloxyl; and 3-(maleimidomethyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidiny loxyl. The latter spin label was judged most useful since its spectrum was sensitive to subtle perturbations by drugs spanning a considerable potency range. An increase in spin-probe immobilization was induced by each drug with approximate relative potencies given by the order: desmethylchlorpromazine congruent to thioridazine congruent to fluphenazine congruent to prochlorperazine congruent to trifluoperazine greater than acetophenazine congruent to triflupromazine congruent to chlorpromazine greater than promazine greater than promethazine greater than perphenazine. This order correlates (P less than .01) with their antisickling potency in vitro. PMID- 702342 TI - Renal effects of bumetanide. AB - Effects of bumetanide (2.5, 25 and 250 microgram/kg i.v.) on renal hemodynamics and function were investigated in anesthetized dogs using clearance methods, stop flow analysis and radioactive microsphere. Under conditions of mild isotonic saline loading, significant diuresis was observed within 5 min after the injection of 25 and 250 microgram/kg of the drug, and with the higher dose, a maximal fractional sodium excretion of 34% was observed. The dose of 250 microgram/kg of bumetanide caused a significant 44% increase in blood flow 5 min after the injection. In a hydropenic condition, the reabsorption of free water was significantly reduced, thus suggesting an inhibitory effect on the ascending limb of Henle's loop. In stop-flow experiments, inhibition of sodium reabsorption at the distal tubule was evident. Bumetanide increased blood flow in the juxtamedullary more so than in the superficial area. The increased blood flow in the juxtamedullary area also may contribute to the diuretic action of bumetanide through enhancement of the countercurrent exchange system in the renal medulla. PMID- 702343 TI - Sulfadiazine handling in the rabbit. I. Pseudosaturation of N-acetyltransferase. PMID- 702344 TI - Sulfadiazine handling in the rabbit. II. Mechanisms of nonlinear kinetics of elimination. PMID- 702345 TI - Pharmacological analysis of the action of diuretics in the newborn pig. AB - The effects of furosemide, ethacrynic acid, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride on renal function of newborn piglets, 5 to 10 days old, were evaluated. Furosemide and ethacrynic acid were the most effective diuretics. Furosemide infusion at 0.5 mg/kg/hr inhibited reabsorption of 21% filtered sodium and ethacrynic acid, 1 mg/kg/hr, increased fractional sodium excretion to 29%. Hydrochlorothiazide infusion produced a milder natriuresis than furosemide or ethacrynic acid. Infusion of hydrochlorothiazide at 1.0 mg/kg/hr increased fractional sodium excretion from 0.3% during the control period to 7.2%. Furosemide, ethacrynic acid and hydrochlorothiazide each increased potassium excretion to near 20 microEq/min. amiloride (1.0 mg/kg/hr) increased fractional sodium excretion from 0.2% during control period to 2.8% during drug infusion but did not affect potassium excretion. When infused in combination with furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride increased the natriuresis and decreased the kaliuresis of both diuretics. It is concluded that the unanesthetized piglet is a good model for renal function of immature mammals and responds to diuretics in a manner qualitatively similar to adults. PMID- 702346 TI - The effect of diazoxide on renal hemodynamics and renal water excretion. PMID- 702347 TI - An extracorporeal complexing hemodialysis system for the treatment of methylmercury poisoning. III. Clinical applications. PMID- 702348 TI - Cyclophosphamide. I. Effects of survival and colony-forming cells in BDF1 L-1210 bearing mice. AB - A new technique is described in which L-1210 colony-forming cells and myelopoietic colony-forming cells can be assessed simultaneously from hemopoietic organs of L-1210-bearing mice. This technique was utilized to evaluate the effects of cyclophosphamide on the recovery of myelopoietic function in tumor bearing mice. In general, changes in L-1210 colony-forming cells in bone marrows and spleens of cyclophosphamide-treated L-1210-bearing mice correlated with their mean survival time. Injection of L-1210 cells alone enhanced myelopoiesis in the spleen and injection of both cyclophosphamide and L-1210 cells resulted in a synergistic enhancement of myelopoiesis in the spleen. The results in this paper are also compatible with the hypothesis that the host defense system does regulate the growth of L-1210 cells in BDF mice. PMID- 702349 TI - Interaction of hydralazine with tension development and mechanisms of calcium accumulation in K+-stimulated rabbit aortic strips. AB - A study was made of the effects of hydralazine on K+ contractures in rabbit aortic strips. Measurements were made of effects on tension generation, Ca++ accumulation measured using 45Ca++ (lanthanum method) and 45Ca++ efflux. Hydralazine relaxed established K+ contractures and inhibited tension development when tissue exposure to hydralazine preceded K+ depolarization. Both the threshold and the maximum tension responses of strips to Ca++ (K+-depolarized tissues) were altered by hydralazine in a dose-dependent manner. The Ca++ uptake associated with K+ depolarization was inhibited by relaxant doses of hydralazine; however, hydralazine did not significantly affect the rate of 45Ca++ efflux. Hydralazine also raised the threshold to the inhibitory (relaxant) effects of higher (greater than 2.5 mM) bath concentrations of Ca++. It is suggested that hydralazine inhibits K+ contractures in aortic strips by interference with the entry of Ca++ into the cell, reflecting an effect of hydralazine at the cell surface membrane. PMID- 702350 TI - The voltage- and time-dependent effects of (-)-verapamil on the slow inward current in isolated cat ventricular myocardium. AB - The effects of (-)-verapamil on the slow inward current in cat papillary muscle were investigated under voltage clamp conditions. The following results, which correlate significantly with the negative inotropic effect of the drug, were obtained: (-)-verapamil reduced the slow inward current in a highly frequency dependent manner, with greater reduction at higher frequency; at cycle intervals longer than 10 sec, the inhibition practically disappeared. As an associated phenomenon there was a stepwise decrease of slow inward current subsequent to an increase in frequency. This "staircase" of the current was facilitated with lowering the holding potential and was diminished by hyperpolarization. Possible mechanisms underlying the membrane action of (-)-verapamil are discussed. PMID- 702351 TI - A mechanism to explain the antihypertensive action of propranolol. AB - The present experiments were designed to measure the direct effects of propranolol on carotid sinus pressoreceptor nerve activity in the semi-isolated, superfused sinus of the cat. Propranolol (5 microgram/ml) significantly enhanced carotid sinus nerve activity at perfusion pressures of 100, 150 and 250 mm Hg. The enhancement was due primarily to the recruitment of new fibers. In similar preparations, perfused at constant flow, propranolol increased sinus resistance in parallel with the increase in sinus discharge. These effects were rapidly dissipated by rinsing with drug-free perfusion solution. The evidence suggests that propranolol may produce a change in either the elastic or autoregulatory modalities of sinus smooth muscle. This may produce a functional "resetting" of the sinus and provide a mechanism to explain the antihypertensive effect of propranolol. PMID- 702352 TI - Reversal of inotropic effects of digoxin by specific antibodies and their Fab fragments in the conscious dog. PMID- 702353 TI - A novel vascular relaxing agent, N-(6--aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 naphthalensulfonamide which affects vascular smooth muscle actomyosin. AB - The relaxing effect and possible mechanism of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) on isolated rabbit artery were investigated. The addition of W-7 in concentrations ranging from 1 X 10(-6) to 3 X 10(-4) M caused a significant relaxation of isolated rabbit vascular strips contracted by KCl, prostaglandin F2alpha, norepinephrine, histamine, CaCl2, serotonin or angiotensin II. W-7 also caused a shift to the right of the dose-response curves for all agonists tested. Propranolol and atropine did not affect W-7 induced relaxation, suggesting that this drug does not act through beta adrenergic or cholinergic receptors. Superprecipitation of actomyosin from bovine aorta smooth muscle was inhibited by the addition of W-7 in a dose-dependent fashion. The concentration of W-7 which inhibited superprecipitation of bovine aorta smooth muscle actomyosin was in good agreement with the dose producing relaxation of isolated vascular strips. These facts suggest that W-7 produces relaxation of isolated vascular strips by inhibiting actin and myosin interaction. PMID- 702354 TI - 15(S)-15-Methyl prostaglandin F2alpha elicits marked peripheral airway constriction in the intact dog. PMID- 702356 TI - Proceedings of the Physiological Society. Royal College of Surgeions Meeting 5--6 May 1978. Bladder electromyograms in the conscious cat [proceedings]. PMID- 702355 TI - A bilateral antidiuresis to renal artery infusion of prostaglandin E1 in dogs treated with phenylbutazone. AB - 1. In acute experiments, high levels of endogenous prostaglandins, provoked by operative stress, could obscure or alter the actions of infused prostaglandins on the kidney. For this reason we decided to compare the effects of infusing prostaglandin E(1) into the renal artery of the dog before and after the administration of phenylbutazone, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor.2. Infusion of prostaglandin E(1) into the left renal artery of the pre phenylbutazone treated dog undergoing a mannitol diuresis increased renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and the excretion of salt and water. The findings are in general agreement with those reported by others.3. Following phenylbutazone administration the vascular and saluretic actions of prostaglandin E(1) were unchanged but a reduced diuretic effect was observed. The response to a low dose of prostaglandin E(1) (0.05 mug/min) was reduced from 1.46 +/- 0.15 to 0.96 +/- 0.16 ml./min (P < 0.001) and the response to a high dose (0.5 mug/min) from 1.82 +/- 0.19 to 0.99 +/- 0.31 ml./min (P < 0.002).4. A significantly less dilute urine was excreted during prostaglandin infusion in the dog after phenylbutazone treatment than before. The reduction in the diuretic response was of the same order as the decrease in the free water clearance response, while the increase in osmolar clearance was unchanged.5. In water-loaded dogs treated with phenylbutazone, infusion of prostaglandin E(1) into the left renal artery had a biphasic effect on urine output from the left kidney. An initial diuretic response to a low dose of prostaglandin E(1) disappeared with the infusion of higher doses, and antidiuresis developed in the immediate post-infusion period.6. As prostaglandin was infused into the left kidney progressive antidiuresis was seen in the non-infused right kidney.7. It is concluded that endogenous prostaglandins do not obscure or alter the vascular and saluretic actions of intrarenal prostaglandin E(1). The findings question the proposed link between the vascular and saluretic actions of this compound.8. It is suggested that the reduced diuretic effect of prostaglandin E(1) in series no. 1, and the antidiuresis in the water-loaded dogs, are caused by the release of endogenous ADH. It is further suggested that phenylbutazone unmasks this release by removing the endogenous prostaglandins. If these deductions are correct, the findings support the anti-ADH role assigned to endogenous prostaglandins by Anderson, Berl, McDonald & Schrier (1975). PMID- 702357 TI - The use of electrical impedance to monitor changes in blood flow in man [proceedings]. PMID- 702359 TI - Computer determination of oxygen uptake in man [proceedings]. PMID- 702358 TI - Tactile sensibility in the human hand: receptive field characteristics of mechanoreceptive units in the glabrous skin area. AB - 1. Impulses in tactile units innervating the glabrous skin of the hand recorded from the median nerve of adult human subjects. The recording electrodes which were made of tungsten were inserted percutaneously in the upper arm. 2. The units were classified on the basis of their sensitivity to sustained identation and to remote stimuli. Two types of rapidly adapting units and two types of slowly adapting units were found. In accordance with earlier reports they were denoted RA and PC units, and SA I and SA II units. 3. The sensitivity profiles of the receptive fields were analysed by measuring the extent of the receptive field as a function of the identation amplitude. 4. The RA and SA I units had receptive fields with several zones of maximal sensitivity distributed over an approximately circular or oval area typically covering five to ten papillary ridges. Within this area the sensitivity was high, whereas the sensitivity diminished steeply with increasing distance from this area. 5. The PC and SA II units had receptive fields with a single zone of maximal sensitivity and gentle continuous threshold increase outside this zone. 6. The relation between the identation amplitude and the receptive field size of a unit was described by a power function. The power exponent for the RA and SA I units was well below unity, whereas the PC and SA II units had exponenets greater than unity. The variation in exponent was very small among the RA and among the SA I units. Their average exponents were therefore regarded as characteristics of the unit type. 7. The SA II units were qualitatively studied with regard to their sensitivity to lateral skin stretch. Three different types of SA II units were described with regard to the directional pattern of this sensitivity. 8. The relation of the present findings to the problem of correlation between morphological structures of nerve end-organs and physiologically defined unit types is considered. 9. Moreover, the findings, indicate that the RA and SA I units are well suited for the analysis of mechanical events on the skin surface with a high degree of spatial selectivity, whereas the PC and SA II units are suited for analysis of other mechanical events, e.g. vibration and various forms of tension in the skin and related tissues. PMID- 702360 TI - One-way stimulation of the large fibres of spinal roots through chronically implanted electrodes [proceedings]. PMID- 702361 TI - Influences of cones upon chromatic- and luminosity-type horizontal cells in pikeperch retinas. AB - 1. The spectral sensitivity and spatial organization of cones and horizontal cells have been analysed by intracellular recording in pikeperch retinas. 2. The vast majority of cone recordings were obtained from orange-sensitive cones. They have an action spectrum which peaks at about 605 nm. Recordings from several green-sensitive cones have also been obtained. 3. The results of action spectrum measurements and spectral screening tests indicate that the vast majority of luminosity-type horizontal cells receive predominant input from the orange sensitive cones. 4. Chromatic-type horizontal cells were recorded at more proximal levels of the retina than luminosity-type cells and were the classic red depolarizing, green hyperpolarizing (R/G) type. 5. The action spectra of the depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses of chromatic horizontal cells peak at about 650 and 530 nm, respectively. When the depolarizing mechanism is selectively depressed by a red background field, the action spectrum of the hyperpolarizing mechanism shows an enhanced sensitivity, peaks at 530--540 nm, and may approximate the action spectrum of the green-sensitive cones. 6. Small red fields evoke depolarizing responses from chromatic-type horizontal cells but do not seem to significantly activate the depolarizing surround mechanism of cones. 7. These and other results suggest that the colour-opponent properties of the chromatic-type horizontal cells are not fundamentally dependent upon feed back to cones but rather originate from antagonistic interactions generated in post-receptor networks. PMID- 702362 TI - Characterization of a histamine-independent vascular permeability-increasing factor generated on exposure of rabbit plasma to zymosan [proceedings]. PMID- 702363 TI - Statistical triggering: a new way of looking at sigmoidal kinetics of voltage dependent ionic channels. PMID- 702364 TI - Localization of the effect of acetylcholine in regulating intestinal ion transport. AB - 1. The location of the site involved in the secretory response of rat jejunum and colon to ACh was investigated by selectively damaging either the villi of the jejunum and the surface epithelium of the colon or the crypts. 2. The secretory response induced by ACh was measured both in terms of changes in electrical activity and chloride fluxes. 3. Exposure of the mucosa to 2 M-Na2SO4 for 30 min selectively damaged the jejunal villi and colonic surface epithelium but did not reduce the increased potential difference and current generated by ACh. 4. When resistance changes were taken into account the colonic response was markedly increased after Na2SO4 treatment although the jejunal response was unchanged. Under control conditions ACh reduced net Na absorption and stimulated Cl secretion by the colon. After exposure to Na2SO4 only the Cl secretory component of the ACh response remained, thus accounting for the enhanced effect. 5. Cycloheximide, administered I.V. at a dose of 12 mg/kg, damaged the crypts after 2 hr without affecting the villi of the jejunum or the surface epithelium of the colon. After cycloheximide treatment the increased potential difference, current and net Cl secretion induced by ACh were significantly reduced. 6. The crypts therefore appear to be the site primarily involved in the secretory response of rat jejunum and colon to ACh, although in the colon an inhibitory effect on the Na transport process located in the surface epithelium was observed. PMID- 702366 TI - Actin in squid retinal photoreceptors [proceedings]. PMID- 702367 TI - Veratridine-induced secretion in medullary cells isolated from the bovine adrenal gland [proceedings]. PMID- 702365 TI - Effect of sodium removal on tension and membrane potential after inhibition of the sodium pump in dog Purkinje fibres. PMID- 702368 TI - Role of calcium ions in transient inward currents and aftercontractions induced by strophanthidin in cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. Under the influence of strophantidin, Purkinje fibres exhibit transient inward current (TI) which contributes to arrhythmogenic activity. Voltage-clamp experiments were carried out to study the role of Ca ions in this phenomenon. 2. The amplitude of TI varied directly with the extracellular Ca concentration, CaO. Magnesium ions had an antagonistic effect. 3. TI was closely associated with a phasic increase in force ("aftercontraction"). Like TI, the aftercontraction was evoked by a preceding action potential or by the break of a strong depolarizing pulse. 4. TI and the aftercontraction displayed similar wave forms although peak current preceded peak force by 50--100 msec. Both transients were enhanced by increasing the strength or duration of the preceding depolarization pulse. Both events were slowed as the potential level following the pulse was displaced in the negative direction. 5. TI and the aftercontraction could be evoked in the absence of cardiotonic steroids by strongly elevating CaO. 6. Additional experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis the TI reflects an influx of Ca2+ ions. Moninhibited TI but the developed and removal of the inbibition lagged far behind the effects on the slow inward current. 7. TI could be suppressed and eventually inverted by varying the membrane potential in the positive direction. The inversion potential averaged -5mV and was not consistent with a Ca-specific pathway. The aftercontraction was more closely related to the phasic conductance change underlying the current than to thecurrent flow itself. 8. The results are consistent with the idea that an oscillatory release of Ca from an intracellular store is the primary event underlying both the aftercontraction and the conductance change which generates TI. Digitalis intoxication or very high CaO may promote such events by elevating intracellular Ca levels. PMID- 702369 TI - Glucose transport in squid axons [proceedings]. PMID- 702370 TI - Effects of vibration on blood viscosity in vitro and in vivo [proceedings]. PMID- 702371 TI - Fate of arachidonic acid in guinea-pig isolated lungs [proceedings]. PMID- 702373 TI - Circulatory changes during isometric exercise measured by transcutaneous aortovelography [proceedings]. PMID- 702374 TI - Endogenous rhythms after living on 21 hr 'days' [proceedings]. PMID- 702372 TI - Ionic basis of transient inward current induced by strophanthidin in cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. Voltage clamp experiements studied the ionic basis of the strophathidin induced transient inward current (TI) in cardiac Purkinje fibres. 2. The reversal potential of TI (Erev) was determined in the presence of various bathing solutions. Erev averaged --5 m V in the standard modified Tyrode solution (Kass, Lederer, Tsien & Weingart, 1978). Erev was displaced toward more negative potentials when the external Na concentration (NaO) was reduced by replacement of NaCl with Tris Cl, choline Cl or sucrose. 3. A sudden reduction of NaO evoked a temporary increase in TI, followed after a few minutes by a sustained diminution. The initial increase was closely paralleled by an enhanced aftercontraction and could be explained by an indirect effect of NaO on internal Ca. The subsequent fall in TI amplitude could be accounted for by the reduced driving force, E- Erev. 4. Erev was not significantly changed by replacing extracellular Cl with methyl-sulphate, or by limited variations in external Ca (2.7--16.2 mM) or external K (1--8 MM). 5. These results are consistent with an increase in membrane permeability to Na and perhaps K. 6. TI was not directly affected by TTX, which blocks excitatory Na channels, or by Cs, which inhibits inwardly rectifying K channels. TI may be distinguished from the slow inward current by its kinetic, pharmacological and ionic properties. 7. TI might be carried by a pre-existing ionic pathway such as the 'leak' channel which provides inward current underlying normal pace-maker depolarization. Another possibility is that TI reflects Ca extrusion by an electrogenic Ca--Na exchange. PMID- 702375 TI - Computer-graphic sectioning [proceedings]. PMID- 702376 TI - Effects of acid, base and salt on kidney size [proceedings]. PMID- 702377 TI - Actinomycin D inhibits aldosterone-stimulated ammonia release from rat kidneys [proceedings]. PMID- 702378 TI - Mechanism of the diuresis produced by the direct injection of acetylcholine into the renal artery in dogs [proceedings]. PMID- 702379 TI - Ocular dominance in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex and the effects of monocular deprivation. AB - 1. The relation between the physiological pattern of ocular dominance and the anatomical distribution of geniculocortical afferents serving each eye was studied in layer IV of the primary visual cortex of normal and monocularly deprived cats. 2. One eye was injected with radioactive label. After allowing sufficient time for transeuronal transport, micro-electrode recordings were made, and the geniculocoritcal afferents serving the injected eye were located autoradiographically. 3. In layer IV of normal cats, cell were clustered according to eye preference, and fewer cells were binocularly driven than in other layers. Points of transition between groups of cells dominated by one eye and those dominated by the other were marked with electrolytic lesions. A good correspondence was found between the location of cells dominated by the injected eye and the patches of radioactively labelled geniculocortical afferents. 4. Following prolonged early monocular deprivation, the patches of geniculocortical afferents in layer IV serving the deprived eye were smaller, and those serving the non-deprived eye larger, than normal. Again there was a coincidence between the patches of radioactively labelled afferents and the location of cells dominated by the injected eye. 5. The deprived eye was found to dominate a substantial fraction (22%) of cortical cells in the fourth layer. In other cortical layers, only 7% of the cells were dominated by the deprived eye. 6. These findings suggest that the thalamocortical projection is physically rearranged as a consequence of monocular deprivation, as has been demonstrated for layer IVc of the monkey's visual cortex (Hubel, Wiesel & Le Vay, 1977). PMID- 702380 TI - Projection of the dorsal raphe nucleus on to identified preoptic neurones [proceedings]. PMID- 702382 TI - Modification of motor units in fast twitch muscle after partial denervation [proceedings]. PMID- 702381 TI - A morphological study of the axons and recurrent axon collaterals of cat alpha motoneurones supplying different hind-limb muscles. AB - 1. Intracellular injections with horseradish peroxidasewere performed in cat alpha-motoneurones supplying various hind-limb muscles. 2. Ten alpha-motoneurones from each of the quadriceps, posterior biceps, gastrocnemius-soleus and anterior tibial pools as well as from the pool supplying the short plantar muscles were collected for morphological analysis of the intramedullary axonal systems including the recurrent axon collaterals. 3. The diameter of the alpha-motor axons showed considerable variation within each motoneurone pool, the total range being from 4.6 to 9.0 micrometer. No significant difference in mean axon diameter was obtained between the different pools. 4. All alpha-motoneurones supplying the short plantar muscles and one single alpha-motoneurone supplying the quadriceps muscle lacked collaterals completely, while the remaining motoneurones gave off one to five collaterals. 5. The number of axon collateral outbulgings, interpreted as synaptic boutons, wihch originated from a single alpha-motoneurone showed large variation within each pool that possessed axon collaterals, the total range being from seventeen of 158. The mean number varied from forty-four (quadriceps) to eighty-two (anterior tibial). 6. The axon collateral outbulgings were distributed not only in the Renshaw cell area ventromedial to the main motor nuclei but also in those parts of the motor nuclei which were located in the vicinity of the parent cell bodies. In the rostrocaudal direction, the outbulgings were distributed within a distances of less than 1 mm around the position of the parent cell bodies. 7. Some physiological implications of the lack of axon collaterals from alpha-motoneurones supplying the short plantar muscles were discussed in relation to the functional characteristics of plantar muscles and motor units. PMID- 702383 TI - A demonstration of the use of autoradiography as a method of exploring afferent autonomic innervation of the respiratory tract [proceedings]. PMID- 702384 TI - A pressor response to naloxone. Evidence for release of endogenous opioid peptides [proceedings]. PMID- 702385 TI - A morphological study of the axons and recurrent axon collaterals of cat alpha motoneurones supplying different functional types of muscle unit. AB - 1. Cat alpha-motoneurones supplying muscle units of the soleus S type and gastrocnemius S, FR and FF types were injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase. 2. Ten alpha-motoneurones of each motor unit type were collected for morphological analysis of the intramedullary parts of their axonal systems including the recurrent axon collaterals. 3. The alpha-motor axon diameters in the spinal cord white matter were significantly smaller for the soleus motor units (mean = 5.2 micrometer) than for the gastrocnemius S units (mean = 6.4 micrometer), which in turn differed significantly from those of the gastrocnemius FR (mean 7.4 micrometer) and FF (mean = 7.3 micrometer types. 4. The number of axon collateral outbulgings, interpreted as synaptic terminals, which originated from the soleus motor axons (mean = 27.8) was significantly smaller, white that of the gastrocnemius FF motor axons (mean = 98.1) was significantly larger, than the number of outbulgings from the gastrocnemius S (mean = 44.4) and FR (mean = 53.8) motor axons. The latter two types were not significantly different. 5. In transverse sections the axon collateral outbulgings were found not only in the classical Renshaw cell area ventromedial to the main motor nuclei but also within the homonymous motor nucleus. However, only some of the neurones projected to the latter area. Rostrocaudally, the outbulgings were distributed within a distance of less than 1 mm around the position of the parent cell bodies. 6. Some physiological implications of the observed differences between axon collateral systems of various functional types of alpha-motoneurones were discussed in relation to the present knowledge of the effects of the recurrent axon collaterals during different types of involuntary and voluntary activation of the alpha-motoneurones. PMID- 702386 TI - Long-term depression of a reflex and the possible involvement of an opioid [proceedings]. PMID- 702387 TI - The effects of noradrenaline and exogenous ATP on Na+ extrusion from rat cerebral synaptosomes [proceedings]. PMID- 702389 TI - Functional identification of units in the rat dorsal horn responding to a substance P analogue [proceedings]. PMID- 702388 TI - Vascular and metabolic responses to adrenergic stimulation in isolated canine subcutaneous adipose tissue at normal and reduced temperature. AB - 1. The circulatory and metabolic effects of temperature reduction were studied in autoperfused canine subcutaneous adipose tissue in situ. 2. Cooling the adipose tissue sufficiently to reduce venous effluent temperature by 5--6 degrees C decreased blood flow from an average of 6.4--4.1 ml. min-1 . 100g-1. 3. Vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation (4 HZ) and injected noradrenaline (5 n-mole) were potentiated by cooling while vasodilator components of the vascular responses, such as autoregulatory escape and post-stimulatory hyperaemia, were virtually abolished by this treatment. 4. Oxygen uptake was reduced by cooling without signs of tissue hypoxia. This reduced oxygen demand may partly cause the decrease in adipose tissue blood flow. 5. Cooling inhibited glycerol mobilization from the adipose tissue during sympathetic nerve stimulation. Post-stimulatory lipolysis was, however, not inhibited. In vitro studies with 'perifused' rat fat cells suggest that this may be due to impaired inactivation of the lipolytic process, rather than to changes in transmitter removal, following stimulation at low temperature. 6. Cooling inhibited the mobilization of fatty acids more than that of glycerol, suggesting increased re esterification of fatty acids within the tissue at low temperature. 7. It is concluded that cooling increases the sensitivity to vasoconstrictor stimuli and that inhibition of metabolic vasodilator mechanisms play a role for this effect. The stimultaneous inhibition of activating and inactivating mechanisms could explain the unchanged vascular and lipolytic responses to brief stimuli. Some possible implications of the present findings for the physiology of adipose tissue during cooling are discussed. PMID- 702390 TI - Habituation of the auditory startle reflex in decerebrate rats [proceedings]. PMID- 702391 TI - The effects of temperature on the local anaesthetic action of primary alcohols [proceedings]. PMID- 702392 TI - Gastric acid secretion studies in response to pentagastrin in duodenal reflux and bile diversion [proceedings]. PMID- 702393 TI - Integration of metabolic and physical control into a model of feeding behaviour in ruminants [proceedings]. PMID- 702394 TI - The kinetics of active, electrogenic hexose transport in the proximal and distal rat small intestine following overnight fasting [proceedings]. PMID- 702395 TI - Electrolyte changes in human gastric juice during steady-state secretion [proceedings]. PMID- 702396 TI - Transcutaneous aortovelography as a measure of central blood flow [proceedings]. PMID- 702397 TI - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the ferret [proceedings]. PMID- 702398 TI - The half-life and cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II in rats on high, normal or low sodium diets [proceedings]. PMID- 702399 TI - A proposed mediator of increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation in the rabbit [proceedings]. PMID- 702400 TI - The generation of resting membrane potentials in an inner ear hair cell system. AB - 1. The macula sacculi in the mudpuppy is an inner ear sensory area accessible for intracellular recordings in vitro and in vivo. 2. The resting potentials recorded in vitro can be explained by the electrodiffusion theory assuming a uniform ionic selective in the membranes of the neuroepithelial cells. 3. The resting potentials recorded in vivo are significantly larger than predicted by the electrodiffusion theory, probably because of an electrogenic metabolic process present in the neuroepithelial cells. 4. An equivalent circuit is proposed to explain the resting electrogenesis in the neuroepithelial cells present in the sensory area. PMID- 702401 TI - Specificity of initial synaptic contacts made on guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion cells during regeneration of the cervical sympathetic trunk. AB - 1. Largely appropriate synaptic connexions are formed with neurones in the superior cervical ganglion at long intervals after interruption of the preganglionic nerve. In the present study we have assessed the accuracy of connexions during the early stages of re-innervation by observing end-organ responses to ventral root stimulation in vivo, and by recording intracellularly from ganglion cells during ventral root stimulation in isolated preparations. 2. Appropriate, but weak, end-organ responses were elicited by stimulation of the first and fourth thoracic ventral roots (T1 and T4) 15--30 days after freezing the cervical sympathetic trunk. 3. Intracellular recordings from ganglion cells during stimulation of the ventral roots C8--T7 in vitro showed that synaptic contacts are first re-established 8--11 days after freezing the preganglionic nerve. The proportion of re-innervated cells, and the strength of innervation of individual neurones, increased rapidly for up to about 3 months after nerve injury, but showed little change thereafter. Innervation remained weaker than normal even after 6 months. 4. Patterns of segmental innervation recorded intracellularly during the early stages of regeneration were similar to, but more restricted than normal. Even 13--19 days after interruption of the preganglionic nerve, neurones re-innervated by more than one spinal cord segment tended to be innervated by a contiguous subset of the spinal segments which contribute innervation to the ganglion. The incidence of neurones receiving innervation from a discontinuous segmental subset was about the same at early and late stages or re-innervation. 5. Throughout the course of nerve regeneration, re-innervated neurones tended to receive dominant synaptic input from axons arising at a particular spinal level, as do normal cells, with adjacent segments contributing a synaptic influence that diminished as a function of distance from the dominant segment. 6. The results of these experiments argue against the initial formation of imprecise connexions with subsequent retention of appropriate contacts and a loss of inappropriate ones. Rather our findings suggest that the re-innervation of ganglion cells proceeds by a gradual accumulation of synaptic connexions which are, from the outset, appropriate. PMID- 702402 TI - The role of the cat choroid plexus in regulating cerebrospinal fluid magnesium. AB - 1. The regulation of c.s.f. Mg concentration was studied using the cat choroid plexus isolated in a chamber in situ. 2. An increase in plasma Mg concentration was accompanied by the usual reciprocal decrease in plasma Ca concentration. Chamber fluid Ca concentration was unaffected. 3. Hypermagnesemia (plasma Mg concentration greater than 6 m-equiv/1.) caused relatively small increases in c.s.f. Mg concentration (delta plasma [Mg]/ delta c.s.f. [Mg] = 4). 4. Various chamber fluid Mg concentrations (0, 2.4 or 4.8 m-equiv/1.) were rapidly (within 30--60 min) returned to near the control value of 1.83 m-equiv/1. 5. When plasma and chamber fluid Mg concentrations were altered simultaneously, the final chamber fluid Mg concentration was returned towards normal with or against a concentration gradient. 6. The data indicate that the choroid plexus is involved in maintaining the constancy of the c.s.f. Mg concentration by sensing changes in the normal c.s.f. Mg concentration and altering approximately its rate of active secretion of Mg. PMID- 702404 TI - A new method for running computer models of physiological systems [proceedings]. PMID- 702403 TI - Regulation of glycolysis in intermittent exercise in man. AB - 1. Seven healthy male volunteers performed intermittent exercise (15 sec work--15 sec rest) at a high work load for 60 min and six subjects performed continuous exercise at an equally high load to exhaustion, which occurred after 4--6 min. 2. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the lateral portion of the quadriceps muscle before intermittent exercise and after the end of a work period and the end of the subsequent rest period at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min of exercise, as well as before, immediately after and about 15, 30, 60 and 180 sec after continuous exercise. 3. The reduction in glycogen content was smaller and glucose-6 phosphate, glycerol-1-phosphate, lactate and malate contents were lower after both work and rest periods in intermittent compared with continuous exercise, indicating a lower rate of glycolysis. 4. ATP and CP levels had decreased at the end of work periods in intermittent exercise but increased to slightly below basal in the subsequent rest periods. A still larger decrease in ATP and CP levels was found after continuous exercise to exhaustion and a progressive increase occurred over the 3 min of recovery. 5. In each rest period during intermittent exercise citrate levels increased to reach above basal. They increased also in the recovery phase after continuous exercise, although more slowly. 6. The findings support the assumption that ATP, CP and citrate act as regulatory factors of glycolysis in human muscle by retarding certain rate limiting steps. The increase in G-6-P/F-1-6-P2 ratio in rest periods of intermittent intense exercise and in the recovery phase of continuous intense exercise suggests that glycolysis is retarded at the phosphofructokinase reaction. 7. The factors mentioned may therefore contribute to the relative increase in lipid utilization during intense intermittent compared to continuous exercise. PMID- 702406 TI - Removal of ATP by lead acetate [proceedings]. PMID- 702407 TI - Lymphatic drainage from the liver in biliary obstruction [proceedings]. PMID- 702405 TI - Propagating calcium spikes in an axon of Aplysia. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from the axon of the giant neurone R2 of Aplysia in order to study the ionic dependency of action potentials. 2. The overshoot potential of the axon spike increases with Na concentration in the manner predicted for a Na electrode. The maximum rate of rise (Vm) is linearly related to Na concentration. The overshoot potential is insensitive to Ca concentration at Na concentrations as low as 250 mM. 3. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) or replacement of Na with Tris abolishes action potentials in the axon but not soma of R2. Addition of 4-aminopyridine to a Na-free solution permits axon spikes to be generated. These action potentials are blocked by 30 mM-Co2+, but not by TTX. The overshoot potential and Vm of these action potentials increase monotonically with Ca concentration. 4. Axonal action potentials can be generated when an equimolar concentration of Sr is substituted for all of the Ca and Mg in Na-free medium. These action potentials are abolished by 30 mM-Ca2+ or mM-Co2+, and increase with Sr concentration. 5. TTX-resistant Ba spikes can similarly be elicited in R2 axon. These action potentials are reduced by Ca, Co, or Cd, and enhanced by raising the Ba concentration. 6. The Vm of Na spikes in the absence of Ca is greater in the axon than in the soma of R2, whereas the Vm of divalent spikes is greater in the soma. 7. During repetitive stimulation the axon spikes incrase in duration. This broadening is inhibited by replacing Ca in the bath with Mn or by the addition of 30 mM-CoCl2, and is enhanced by raising the Ca concentration by 30 mM. 8. The action potention of R2 axon has a mixed Na/Ca dependency. The density of Ca current may be greater in the some than in the axon of this cell. PMID- 702408 TI - Partial and total circulatory support in the rat using a small heart-lung machine [proceedings]. PMID- 702409 TI - [Studies on the excitation-metabolism coupling mechanism in brown adipose tissues, 2; Effects of K+ and norepinephrine on the lipolysis in brown adipose tissues (author's transl)]. AB - This investigation was undertaken to clarify the lipolytic response caused by K+ and norepinephrine in brown adipose tissues. 1. Lipolytic response was obviously observed at the concentration of 50 mM in the K+-induced stimulation, and at 1.0 microgram/ml in the norepinephrine-induced stimulation, respectively. 2. K+- and norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis were inhibited in the Ca2+-deficient tissues, and were inhibited by the addition of Mg2+, Mn2+ and La3+. 3. In the K+ stimulated lipolysis Ca2+ could be substituted only by Sr2+, while in the norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis the substitution was possible with both Sr2+ and Ba2+. 4. K+- and norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis were inhibited by the addition of propranolol and procaine. Accordingly, these positive results suggest that K+- and norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis are dependent on the presence of Ca2+, and are related to the movements of Ca2+ and cyclic AMP system in the cells. PMID- 702410 TI - Comparison of calf blood flow measured by two strain-gauge plethysmography. PMID- 702411 TI - Thyroid tumor. PMID- 702412 TI - A new absorbable haemostatic bone sealant. PMID- 702413 TI - Biliary surgery. A 5-year follow-up. PMID- 702414 TI - Resolution of primary pneumatosis coli. PMID- 702415 TI - Bilateral adult inguinal hernia. One-stage or two-stage operation? PMID- 702416 TI - The significance of radiological pneumoperitoneum in the diagnosis of postoperative peritonitis. PMID- 702417 TI - Osteoma of the mastoid. PMID- 702418 TI - Aspirated tracheobronchial foreign bodies in infants. An analysis of 50 cases. PMID- 702419 TI - Granulomatous rectal ulcer following cryotherapy to haemorrhoids. PMID- 702421 TI - Protein markers in disease (3). Carcinoembryonic antigen as a tumour marker. PMID- 702420 TI - Cholecystitis following unrelated surgery. PMID- 702422 TI - Financial support for research in general practice. AB - I have tried to identify all the main sources of financial support for general practice research and to classify the work and the sources of support.The Department of Health is the biggest single source and the total sums involved exceed pound1 million.About a quarter of the money is spent by academic departments of general practice, about a quarter by research units directed by practising general practitioners, and the remaining half is spent by other academic departments such as social research, medical sociology, or community health. PMID- 702423 TI - Practice activity analysis 4. psychotropic drugs. From the Birmingham Research Unit of the Royal College of General Practitioners. PMID- 702424 TI - The art and the epidemiologist. PMID- 702425 TI - Adventure course in medical education. PMID- 702426 TI - The importance of primary care. PMID- 702427 TI - Confidentiality and medical records. AB - Protecting confidential information disclosed to doctors has been one of the most important ethical traditions of the medical profession. However, the patient's right to such confidentiality is threatened because it is legally unclear how far ownership by Government of the paper on which NHS records are kept or of the computer system in which they are stored confers right of access.We hope the medical profession will examine this problem urgently and offer some suggestions as to how patients' confidences can continue to be protected in the future. PMID- 702428 TI - The future of the College--1. PMID- 702429 TI - The future of the College--2. PMID- 702430 TI - The future of the College--3. PMID- 702431 TI - The future of the College--4. PMID- 702432 TI - Referral letters--the enclosure of the general practitioner's computerized record. AB - The computerization of general practice records in group practices often makes it possible for a print-out of the record to be sent to hospital specialists on referral. I examined the assessments made by consultants of the value of this. While general practitioners and consultants do not agree on the content of the ideal referral letter, the addition of a computer print-out would aid about a third of consultants. PMID- 702433 TI - Unusual presentations of thyroid disease in general practice. AB - We report nine cases of unusual presentations of thyroid disease seen in our practice during a period of about two years. We discuss the implications and management of these cases in general practice. PMID- 702434 TI - The chameleon, the Judas goat, and the cuckoo. PMID- 702435 TI - General practice in New Zealand and the UK. AB - The morbidity and referrals in a New Zealand and an English practice are described and compared, and the results analysed and discussed. PMID- 702436 TI - Manipulation for locked knee. AB - There is a type of locked knee in which the last 10 to 40 degrees of extension are lost. The manipulation used in the treatment of six patients is described. Manipulation in this instance should primarily be regarded as a first aid procedure to restore function and to stop the pain. The condition is usually caused by an abnormality of the lateral meniscus and meniscectomy may be required later. PMID- 702437 TI - Pulled elbow. AB - Pulled elbow (distal subluxation of the radial head) is a common, painful condition in young children. Although it has been well documented it is often missed, often mistreated, and generally over-investigated. Treatment is simple and effective. Without treatment the condition can continue for several days. PMID- 702438 TI - General practice in remote areas: attractions, expectations, and experiences. AB - Interviews with a sample of general practitioners in remote areas of Scotland revealed a strong commitment to a wide family counsellor role as well as a wish to use clinical skills more fully. While many urban doctors express similar orientations we believe that rural practitioners feel better able to implement their preferred style of work which combines personal and professional elements. PMID- 702440 TI - Practice activity analysis. 5. Referrals to specialists. PMID- 702439 TI - The contribution of the general practitioner to undergraduate medical education. Statement by the Working Party of the Second European Conference on the Teaching of General Practice. PMID- 702441 TI - Towards better prescribing. PMID- 702442 TI - Early infant feeding and weight gain. AB - Three hundred and one babies were surveyed for one year in an infant welfare clinic in North London. There was no significant difference at six months and one year of age in the mean weights of babies breast-fed for more than one month and those not breast-fed at all.At six months, the mean weight of those babies given solid food before three months of age was significantly higher than the mean weight of those babies given solids only after three months of age. This difference had disappeared by one year of age. PMID- 702443 TI - The reliability and validity of the age-sex register as a population denominator in general practice. AB - I report evidence which raises doubts about the reliability and validity of age sex registers as true population denominators in general practice in the UK. These have potentially disturbing implications for the interpretation of data based on the presumed precision of age-sex registers. I am undertaking a prospective study to identify and quantify sources of inaccuracy to try to establish a method of estimating the true population at risk and its true age-sex characteristics. This would greatly enhance the utility of the age-sex register as the most valuable tool in general-practice research. PMID- 702444 TI - A hair of the dog. PMID- 702446 TI - Practice activity analysis 6. Visiting profiles. From the Birmingham Research Unit of the Royal College of General Practitioners. PMID- 702445 TI - The operation of a health centre after a catastrophe in Finland. AB - In April 1976 the most disastrous peace-time accident in Finland took place in the town of Lapua, where a cartridge-filling station in an ammunition factory exploded and 40 people were killed. I was in charge of the local health centre activities, and describe what happened. PMID- 702447 TI - Tolerating uncertainty in family medicine. AB - In family practice, early undifferentiated signs and symptoms dominate many consultations. A physician must learn to tolerate uncertainty in addition to managing well-defined pathological processes. A series of steps are presented on how to approach the uncertain. I hope these will stimulate further comment and help to develop a body of organized and testable knowledge on the skills of managing the uncertain problems in family practice. PMID- 702448 TI - The Department of General Practice at the Erasmus University of Rotterdam. AB - The philosophy which provides the framework for looking after patients, teaching, and research at the University Department of General Practice in Rotterdam is described and the need stressed that this philosophy should be discussed continually with other departments and with local general practitioners.In particular I believe that young doctors need to be trained in the skill of deciding whether patients in general practice need any treatment at all and who is the most appropriate adviser. Analysis of the doctor-patient relationship is essential in order to train young doctors to develop supportive rather than authoritarian relationships with patients. PMID- 702449 TI - Training practices in the Oxford region. AB - Considerably more time for training has been made available by trainers in the Oxford region since July 1976, with regular tutorials being held in all training practices. However, in spite of this by January 1978 nearly half the trainees still received training which was largely unplanned, and some of the reasons for this are briefly discussed. PMID- 702450 TI - Training general practitioners in geriatric medicine. From the British Geriatrics Society and the Royal College of General Practitioners. PMID- 702451 TI - Evaluation of structured and unstructured training for general practice. AB - Twenty-four general-practice trainees were assessed at the beginning and end of their training year. They improved significantly in their factual recall and problem-solving ability. Sixteen young principals who had had an unstructured training for general practice were assessed at the same time and were initially of the same standard but their results showed no difference over the same year. PMID- 702452 TI - General-practice teaching in Australia. AB - There have been several important changes in the aims and organization of general practice teaching in Australia in recent years. During a visit to Australia I had the opportunity to see many of these and to discuss others. This report describes the features I found of most interest. PMID- 702453 TI - Oral contraceptives, venous thrombosis, and varicose veins. Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. PMID- 702454 TI - The aetiology of consultation: a threefold classification. AB - A threefold classification of aetiological factors in consultation is suggested, for use in day-to-day clinical general practice. PMID- 702456 TI - Talking out of alcoholism: results from a survey of Alcoholics Anonymous in England and Wales. AB - A national survey of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) produced data on the way AA members talk about their experiences and the role this plays in achieving and maintaining sobriety. The survey was based on self-completion questionnaires given to one in four members attending meetings of a one in ten random sample of AA groups operating in England and Wales. Only 1.8 per cent of current members had never spoken at a meeting, while 62.5 per cent spoke regularly. Hearing other people's personal stories was felt by members to be the most useful part of AA meetings. At some time 81.9 per cent of members had told their own story and there was some relationship between dropping out and not telling personal stories. The great majority of those who had told stories reported changes in their content over time; 58.0 per cent of these changes involved a shift of emphasis from drinking to recovery. The results suggest that AA enables people to change the way they perceive and evaluate themselves. It enables them to talk themselves out of alcoholism. PMID- 702455 TI - The primary prevention of atherosclerosis in general practice. AB - The prevention of atherosclerosis, especially ischaemic heart disease, in general practice is important. The evidence for and against the various risk factors is reviewed, and the rationale for screening and health education is examined. I conclude that health education and screening for risk factors are likely to be more successful in decreasing morbidity and mortality than treating established disease.There are arguments for and against screening and health education and about the effectiveness of various schemes. Much of the routine work of health education and screening can be carried out by suitably trained health visitors, practice nurses, or community nurses. PMID- 702457 TI - Screening the aged in general practice. AB - We describe a comprehensive screening project in a general practice in which patients over the age of 65 were assessed both socially and medically. We conclude from our results that there was little treatable but previously undiagnosed illness within the community studied. PMID- 702458 TI - The benefits to an elderly population of continuing geriatric assessment. AB - There is currently great interest in the care of the elderly in general practice and discussion about the role of surveillance programmes. We report a comparison between two surveys of an elderly population carried out with a view to determining the difference in findings between two surveys of the same population.Each patient had an average of 4.8 problems at the time of the second assessment. The number of active and unknown problems fell from 6.4 per patient at the initial assessment.The greatest improvements were found in such topics as clothing, bedding, heating, dentition, diet, vision, and hearing, and the least in such aspects as dependency, home hazards, and problems with a caring relative.We remain convinced that a continuing programme of geriatric assessment is valuable in general practice. PMID- 702459 TI - Integration of general-practitioner and specialist antenatal care. AB - Despite the growing role of specialist obstetricians in intranatal care the importance of the general practitioner's role, especially in antenatal and postnatal care, is being increasingly recognized. We describe a new way of sharing care which involves the consultant obstetrician attending antenatal sessions at fortnightly intervals in the practice. In addition the antenatal record is retained by the patient herself who brings it to all attendances, both in the practice and at the hospital.We analysed the results of this arrangement and compared them with a controlled series of hospital patients and found some advantages for shared care arrangements including, in particular, a reduction in the number of different doctors seen by patients, a big reduction in the number of patients who were seen by more than three doctors, and an increase in the breast feeding rate at the time of discharge from hospital. PMID- 702460 TI - Home and hospital: a comparison of the experiences of mothers having home and hospital confinements. AB - A survey of women delivered in 24 different districts compared the patients' reports of their experiences of delivery in hospital with delivery at home.Among the findings were that labour lasted a significantly shorter time at home, significantly fewer women were left alone at home, and significantly fewer had episiotomies at home.Husbands played much more of a role at home and 76 per cent were present at the birth compared with 30 per cent in hospital.Of the mothers at home 57 per cent held their baby "as long as they wanted" compared with 29 per cent in hospital.These and other factors suggest that more needs to be done to improve the qualitative aspects of delivery in hospital and especially to promote warmer human relationships within the patient's family. PMID- 702462 TI - Altitude sickness. AB - Ten climbers were studied trekking from 1,950 to 4,650 m (6,500 ft to 15,500 ft) in the Nanda Devi Sanctuary of the Garwhal Himalaya. All developed altitude sickness, one seriously. Pulse, blood pressure, and peak flow rate were monitored daily in an attempt to predict the onset of altitude sickness. Prediction was uncertain though the one climber who became seriously cyanosed at 4,200 m (14,000 ft) had a consistently higher blood pressure than his colleagues. PMID- 702461 TI - Survey of a Royal Air Force practice in Germany. AB - Throughout 1974 records were kept of all patients seen by the medical staff at Royal Air Force Bruggen, an RAF Station in Germany. Full details of patients and diagnoses were recorded and an analysis was made of the patterns of consultation and morbidity. The method of storing and analysis the information on punched cards is discussed, and the results are compared with service and civilian general practice in the UK and abroad. PMID- 702463 TI - A practice counsellor. PMID- 702464 TI - The vital role of the cottage-community hospital. AB - The history of general-practitioner hospitals is reviewed and a case made for their retention and extension. Among the advantages they provide are: a local service for patients, less expensive hospital care than is possible in a district general hospital, less travelling expenses for patients, valuable postgraduate education for doctors, and improvement of general-practitioner morale. PMID- 702465 TI - Symptom prevalence in the community. AB - The prevalence of physical symptoms among a sample of patients registered at a health centre is described as recorded from home interviews. The number of physical symptoms per person is then correlated with personal characteristics and environmental factors, using computer programmes. PMID- 702467 TI - Long term survival of allogeneic radiation chimeras. PMID- 702466 TI - The future of the College. AB - THE COLLEGE SHOULD NOW PLAN ITS FUTURE POLICIES ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING SIX PRINCIPLES: (1) Preventive and therapeutic services must be integrated. (2) Such action falls naturally to neighbourhood doctors. (3) A positive practical approach to health should replace the traditional disease dominated emphasis in medical training. (4) There are important manpower implications for general practice, both for doctors and their staff. (5) The need to alter the life-style of patients means that practical preventive medicine increasingly means achieving change in human behaviour. (6) The Royal College of General Practitioners should increasingly emerge as the voice of progress by publicizing successful developments in general practices and by campaigning for public support for these principles. PMID- 702468 TI - Analysis of macrophage factor inhibiting cellular DNA synthesis employing column chromatography. PMID- 702469 TI - Studies on the effect of serum and proteins on in vitro-induced neutrophil activation. PMID- 702470 TI - Enhanced nonspecific colony inhibition of mouse tumor cells in vitro by macrophages in the presence of a culture tumor factor. PMID- 702471 TI - Evidence that peritoneal lymphocytes are not related to the recirculating pool of lymphocytes. PMID- 702472 TI - Selective induction of lysosomal enzyme activities in mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 702473 TI - Protective effect of glucan in experimentally induced candidiasis. PMID- 702474 TI - Cloned macrophages can be induced to kill tumor cells. PMID- 702475 TI - Modulation of macrophage function by levamisole. PMID- 702476 TI - A cancer related macrophage dysfunction in inflamed tissues. PMID- 702477 TI - Male infertility. PMID- 702478 TI - Economics and surgery. PMID- 702479 TI - The state of British medicine. 6. The hospital nurse after Salmon and Briggs. PMID- 702480 TI - Nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease in two general hospitals. AB - During 1976, 50 patients were admitted to two general hospitals for the investigation or treatment of nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease. There were more patients admitted with Crohn's disease (23) than proctocolitis (11). Half of those patients admitted with Crohn's disease required surgical treatment, the majority for small bowel obstruction. Five patients were admitted for the treatment of an acute attack of proctocolitis; these patients were all previously undiagnosed, were all admitted urgently and all responded to medical treatment. PMID- 702482 TI - Do we overtreat patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate? AB - Two hundred unselected patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate have been surveyed. The routine use of endotracheal intubation, muscle relaxants, intermittent positive pressure respiration, intravenous fluids and postoperative sedation was avoided whereever possible. The results of this survey are presented and indicate that such measures can be omitted from the management of patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate with no significant increase in morbidity or mortality and, indeed, morbidity and mortality may be decreased by their exclusion. PMID- 702481 TI - Radioactive oxygen 15O studies in cerebral neoplasms. AB - Methods of diagnosis and anatomical localization of cerebral neoplasms have reached a high level of efficiency. A new method of studying cerebral circulation and metabolism by a simple noninvasive technique of steady-state imaging during the inhalation of radioactive oxygen and radioactive oxygen-labelled CO2 is described. The results of preliminary studies of a group of cerebral neoplasms of various histological types are presented and the implications discussed. PMID- 702483 TI - Clinical aspects of viral hepatitis. PMID- 702485 TI - General practice: a developing academic discipline. PMID- 702484 TI - The media and paediatrics. PMID- 702486 TI - Treatment of perianal and anal condylomata acuminata: a new operative technique. PMID- 702487 TI - Diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 702488 TI - Electroencephalography today. PMID- 702489 TI - Development of a malaria vaccine. PMID- 702490 TI - Functions of the Chief Scientist in the Department of Health and Social Security. PMID- 702491 TI - Depression in mothers of young children. PMID- 702492 TI - The recognition of depressive disorder in children. AB - A study of 547 children aged between 3 and 17 years, attending a child psychiatric clinic, showed that 23% were rated as having the symptom of morbid depression present. This group was compared with a control group from the same clinic without depression. The depressed children had a number of symptoms which were significantly associated with depression and formed a characteristic pattern of symptoms that could be defined as a specific depressive disorder. PMID- 702493 TI - Clinical experience with transcutaneous aortovelography: preliminary communication. PMID- 702494 TI - Hydradenitis suppurativa. AB - The surgical treatment of a group of 24 patients with hydradenitis suppurativa is described and the clinical features, aetiological factors and other methods of treatment are reviewed. An abnormally high incidence of atopy is noted within the group. PMID- 702495 TI - Management of urinary complications of recurrent pelvic malignancy in gynaecological practice. PMID- 702496 TI - Wide bladder neck syndrome in children: a review. PMID- 702497 TI - An unusual postoperative pneumonia. PMID- 702498 TI - Choledochoscopic appearance of hepatic ducts in polycystic disease of the liver. PMID- 702499 TI - Asthma, rectal prolapse and malabsorption. PMID- 702501 TI - Innovation, benefits, drawbacks and control of drugs. PMID- 702502 TI - The pelvic ureter. PMID- 702500 TI - Role of the district or non-teaching hospital. PMID- 702503 TI - Diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 702504 TI - Kikuyu grass poisoning of cattle in Natal. AB - The clinical findings in six natural and two experimental cases of Kikuyu grass poisoning in Natal, South Africa, are described and compared with findings in cases of toxicity reported elsewhere. The toxic factor has not been identified but a mycotoxin is suspected. PMID- 702505 TI - Geeldikkop: preservation of toxic material. AB - Wilted Tribulus terrestris plants were harvested from a camp in which geeldikkop had just previously broken out. The plants were treated in various ways in an attempt to preserve their toxicity. The only successful method of preservation found was rapid freezing of harvested material. Three kg of plants were kept frozen for six weeks and then dosed via rumen fistula to a sheep which subsequently developed characteristic symptoms and lesions of geeldikkop. PMID- 702506 TI - An outbreak of "kikuyu poisoning" in Western Transvaal. AB - An outbreak of mortality in cattle grazing kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures on a farm in the western Transvaal is described. These pastures had been heavily infested with army worm (Spodoptera exempta) two weeks preceding the onset of deaths. The main symptoms were excessive salivation, paresis of the tongue and pharynx, localized fine muscular tremors, ruminal tympany and stasis and congested or cyanotic mucous membranes. Significant clinical pathological findings were leukocytosis, elevated blood sugar levels and lowered serum magnesium and sodium levels. Autopsy findings of interest were patchy or diffuse hyperaemia of the rumen and abomasum and small haemorrhages in especially the lymph nodes, heart and tracheal mucosa. The most important histopathological finding was superficial or deep necrosis of the ruminal epithelium with marked neutrophile infiltration. All forms of treatment, including intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate, were of no avail. The condition closely resembles so-called "Kikuyu poisoning" in New Zealand. PMID- 702507 TI - Hydranencephaly in calves in the natal region. PMID- 702508 TI - Field observations on the occurrence of rabies in cattle in the magisterial districts of Soutpansberg and Messina. AB - The field manifestation of rabies in cattle is discussed. The observations cover the period 1974--1977 with emphasis on the geographical spread, vectors, symptoms and immunization of cattle with the Flury H.E.P. (high egg passage) rabies vaccine as prepared by the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute. PMID- 702509 TI - Porcine arthritis and meat hygiene in South Africa. AB - The incidence, economic implications, aetiology and possible public health significance or porcine arthritis in South African slaughter pigs is discussed. An investigation into the aetiology and pathology of porcine arthritis as found at a South African abbattoir revealed that Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was present in 48% of the affected joints and Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in 20%, 4% and 2% respectively. The joints showed various degress of subacute to chronic proliferative sero-fibrinous to fibrinopurulent arthritis regardless of whether bacteria were isolated. It is essential that the Lnn. axillares primae costae which drain the forelimb joints also be examined routinely during meat inspection. PMID- 702510 TI - Evaluation of neurological examination of sheep. AB - One hundred clinically negative Merino sheep were examined neurologically in an attempt to establish normal responses. Dependable results were obtained regarding eye muscle integrity, corneal sensitivity, the optic papilla and righting reflexes and to some extent the knee jerk reflex. The elicitation of other reflexes was inconsistent and unreliable except the placing reflex as shown by raising and lowering the forequarters. PMID- 702511 TI - Biochemical mechanisms causing tick resistance. AB - Three general biochemical mechanisms can cause ticks to be resistant to acaricides: an alteration in the properties of the site of action, a change in the rate of transportation and a change in the rate of metabolism. The first mechanism enables increased concentrations of acaricide at the site of action to be tolerated, while the last two mechanisms result in a decreased concentration and/or persistence of the acaricide at the site of action. These mechanisms are discussed in detail with reference to a range or acaricides, particular emphasis being given to blue tick strains occurring in Southern Africa. PMID- 702512 TI - Health and disease in intensive aquaculture. AB - The paper deals with the increasing importance of aquaculture in South Africa and with the possible importance of disease problems following intensification and importation. It deals specifically with some infectious, parasitic and metabolic diseases found in South African eels. Attention is drawn to the role of fish as a public health hazard and to the need for increased attention to the provision of fish as food. PMID- 702513 TI - Fatal parasitism among free living bushbabies (galago crassicaudatus). AB - Four cases of severe parasitism due to Primasubulura otolicini in adult bush babies (Galago crassicaudatus) are described. PMID- 702514 TI - Hypoglycaemia in a pregnant bitch. PMID- 702515 TI - Congenital unilateral aotus in a black rhinoceros diceros bicornis bicornis (Linn., 1758). PMID- 702516 TI - Embryo transfer in cattle: an evaluation of the current situation. AB - A technique for the transcervical recovery of ova in cattle is described. The donors recipient pool consisted of 122 cows of different ages and 4 different breeds. Of these 102 cows were superovulated. For recovery of ova an apparatus consisting of a metal catheter glued to the inside of a 3-way Foley catheter was used. The technique used for embryo transfer was basically the same as for collecting the embryos. The 102 donors yielded at slaughter a total of 956 corpora lutea i.e. an average of 9,4 per cow. Of the ova released 294 or 30% were recovered on transcervical flushing of the uterus. 40% of the inovulated cows conceived. The future development of inovulation in cattle is discussed on the basis of the results recorded and on those previously documented. PMID- 702517 TI - Some effects of trinitrocresolate and valinomycin on Na and K transport across thin lipid bilayer membranes: a steady-state analysis with simultaneous tracer and electrical measurements. AB - This paper describes the effect of trinitrocresolate anions (TNC-) on the electrical conductance (Gm), and tracer-measured unidirectional Na and K fluxes (MNa and MK) across bilayers formed from sheep red cell lipids dissolved in decane. In the absence of TNC-, typical low conductances were observed, while the cation fluxes were too low to measure by our techniques (less than 10(-12) moles cm-2 sec-1). In the presence of TNC- (10(-2) M), Gm increased and TNC- was the main charge carrier in the system. The cationic fluxes were also much increased, but the membranes showed no significant selectivity between K and Na. Furthermore, the Na and K fluxes were at least two orders of magnitude larger than the ionic fluxes calculated from Gm. Thus, almost all of the K and Na transport across the membrane in the presence of TNC- is electrically silent and is probably carried out as KTNC and NaTNC ion pairs. In the presence of valinomycin (10(-6) M) and no TNC-, both the ion fluxes and Gm were 10(3) times larger in KCl than in NaCl, thus exhibiting the characteristic high selectivity of valinomycin for K over Na. In the presence of both valinomycin (10(-6) M) and TNC- (10(-2) M), this selectivity disappeared in that both Gm and MNa in the NaCl system were similar to the respective values in the KCl system. Even under these conditions, most of the Na is still transported by a process which does not carry charge. Both Gm and Mx increased alike and monotonically with increasing temperature over the range 7 to 30 degrees C. In the absence of TNC- the enthalpies of activation were invariably higher in KCl than in NaCl. Addition of TNC- produced equal enthalpies of activation for both Na and K containing systems suggesting a common, temperature-dependent, rate-determining step in charge transfer and the electrically silent cation fluxes. PMID- 702518 TI - Amiloride and calcium effect on the outer barrier of the frog skin. AB - Amiloride (0.1 mM) as well as Ca++ (10 mM) inhibit Na+ transport across frog skin by blocking Na+ entrance across the outer barrier of the epithelium. The inhibition produced by amiloride consists of an "early" and a "late" phase which together account for almost a total inhibition of the short-circuit current (SCC). The analysis of the time course indicates that the two phases are due to the inhibition of superficially and deeply located Na sites, respectively, Ca++, instead, only blocks a fraction of the SCC, and this fraction seems to correspond to the inhibition of the same population of Na sites blocked by the "late" phase of amiloride effect. The location of the two populations of Na sites as well as the possible relationship between them are discussed in terms of maturation of the outermost cell layer. PMID- 702519 TI - Studies on chloride permeability of the skin of Leptodactylus ocellatus: I. Na+ and Cl- effect on passive movements of Cl-. AB - The outflux of chloride through the isolated skin (JCl31) of the South American frog Leptodactylus ocellatus (L.) is carried by a mechanism that saturates at high concentration of chloride on the inside, and is stimulated by the presence of Cl- in the outer solution (trans side). The presence of Na+ on the outside, by itself, does not increase JCl31. However, when JCl31 is already increased by chloride on the trans side, the addition of Na+ produces a significant further increase. At low concentration of Cl- on the outside JCl31 is carried by an exchange diffusion mechanism. At high concentrations of Cl- outside, JCl31 proceeds through a route which involves changes in electrical parameters. The results suggest that both mechanisms are located on the cell membranes and, therefore, that the fluxes would cross through the cytoplasm of the cells. Na+ stimulates the second mechanism only. PMID- 702520 TI - Studies on chloride permeability of the skin of Leptodactylus ocellatus: II. Na+ and Cl- effect of inward movements of Cl-. AB - At low concentration (1 mM) of Cl- in the outer solution, the influx of chloride through the isolated skin (JCl13) of the South American frog Leptodactylus ocellatus (L.) seems to be carried by two mechanisms: (i) a passive one that exhibits the characteristics of an exchange diffusion process, and (ii) an active penetration. Studies of the influx and efflux of chloride (JCl13 and JCl31) indicate that the presence of a high (107 mM) concentration of Cl- in the outer solution activates the translocation of this ion through the cells. Studies of the unidirectional flux of Cl- across the outer barrier (JCl12) indicate that Na+ out stimulates the penetration of Cl- at this level. Cl- out, in turn, stimulates the JNa12, but this effect is only detected at low concentrations of Na+ out. PMID- 702521 TI - Studies on chloride permeability of the skin of Leptodactylus ocellatus: III. Na+ and Cl- effect on electrical phenomena. AB - During their flux through the skin of the frog Leptodactylus ocellatus, Na+ and Cl- interact with each other. This interaction gives rise to electrical phenomena which are studied in the present paper. The skin is mounted in Na2SO4 Ringer's with 115 mM Na+ on the inside, and a variety of outer solutions. The osmolarity of all solutions is kept constant at 237.8 mosmol by adding sucrose. When the main anion used on the outside is SO=4 the electrical potential difference (deltapsi) rises steadily with the concentration of sodium (Na+)0 up to 87 mV, which is reached at about 20 mM. Thereafter deltapsi remains constant. When the main anion is Cl- it is observed that deltapsi rises steadily with (NaCl)0 with a slope similar to the curve obtained with SO=4 (37 mV per decade), but with a lower intercept attributed to an inward Cl pumping which is characteristic of this frog species. At 2--9 mM (NaCl)0 a Cl-specific channel is activated. Further increases of (NaCl)0 produce a decrease of deltapsi. The specificity of the activation of this site by monovalent cations and its use by monovalent anions is also studied. PMID- 702522 TI - Sodium uptake across the apical border of the isolated turtle colon: confirmation of the two-barrier model. AB - The initial rate of Na uptake by the turtle colon from the mucosal bathing solution consists of two operationally distinct components. One component is a linear function of mucosal Na concentration, is unaffected by amiloride, and appears to represent Na uptake into the paracellular shunt path. The major component of Na uptake is abolished by amiloride and is virtually equal to the short-circuit current over a wide range of mucosal Na concentrations, suggesting that this portion of Na uptake represents Na movement into Na-transporting cells of the colon. The amiloride-sensitive component of Na uptake, at low mucosal Na concentrations, was unaffected if net Na transport was abolished by ouabain. Similarly, at low mucosal Na concentrations the amiloride-sensitive conductance of the colon was identical in the presence and in the absence of net Na transport. These results show that the isolated turtle colon behaves as two distinct barriers to transmural Na transport, an apical barrier blocked by amiloride and a more basal-lying barrier where active, transmural Na transport is blocked by ouabain. In addition, these experiments appear to provide the first unambiguous demonstration that the initial-rate isotope uptake technique can provide a direct measure of the properties of the amiloride-sensitive barrier to transmural Na movement, presumably the apical membranes of the Na-transporting cells. The results are consistent with the notion that the rate of transmural active Na transport and the conductance of the active Na-transport path are determined by the properties of the apical membrane. PMID- 702523 TI - Water exchange across red cell membranes: II. Measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance T1, T2, and T12 hybrid relaxation. The effects of osmolarity, cell volume, and medium. AB - We have used the nuclear magnetic relaxation of water protons to measure the diffusional permeability (Pw) of human red blood cells to water as a function of concentration of nonpermeable and permeable solutes. Measurements of T1, T2, and a hybrid of the two were made and yielded the same Pw. In the presence of the nonpermeable electrolyte NaCl, membrane permeability is constant between the volumes of 70 and 105 micron3 and increases both as the cells swell and shrink beyond these limits. Changes in both the internal and external osmolarity, using the permeable solutes urea and ammonium chloride, do not affect membrane permeability. The composition of the suspending medium also has a significant effect on membrane permeability. Cells suspended in plasma have a cell water lifetime about 30% longer than cells of the same volume suspended in serum, or isotonic saline with human serum albumin. Addition of a crude preparation of fibrinogen in physiological amounts to isotonic saline and human serum albumin restores the cell water lifetime to a value similar to that observed in plasma. PMID- 702524 TI - Effects of insulin on the adenylyl cyclase activity of isolated fat cell membranes. AB - Insulin decreased markedly the adenylyl cyclase activity associated with fat cell membranes purified by centrifugation in sucrose gradients. The hormone effect was not readily evident in crude membrane preparations. The kinetics of this effect indicate that some time was required for the onset of the insulin-induced inactivation. This lag period decreased when the insulin concentration was increased. The hormone dose dependence for adenylyl cyclase inactivation measured at a fixed time (3 min) showed a 10 to 15% decrease in activity at 1 to 30 muU per ml insulin; 30 to 40% at 100 to 1000 muU per ml; and 75% at 0.1 U per ml. The insulin effect was completely abolished by 0.1 mM GMP-P(NH)P, 10mM fluoride, or 50 ng per ml glucagon, or by increasing the Mn++ concentration to 4 mM. In addition, it was partially reversed by the addition of a fraction from the sucrose gradient, which contained soluble factors. The kinetics of the adenyl cyclase-catalyzed reaction were studied using ATP or AMP-P(NH)P as adenylyl donor, and Mn++ or Mg++ as divalent cation, in the absence or presence of insulin. With ATP and Mg++ there was a striking reduction of the transient reaction rates after 1.5 min of incubation. Under these conditions the insulin effect was not evident. On the contrary, with ATP and Mn++ this spontaneous reduction of activity was less evident; however, in the presence of insulin there was a clear and marked reduction of the transient reaction rate measured after 1.5 min of incubation. With AMP-P(NH)P the kinetic data were qualitatively similar to those observed with ATP. It is concluded that under certain assay conditions adenylyl cyclase may be converted to an inactive enzyme form, and that such a conversion is more evident in the presence of Mg++ than with Mn++. In the latter case, insulin appears to enhance the rate of this conversion. PMID- 702525 TI - Kinetic studies of adenylyl cyclase of fat cell membranes. I. Comparisons of activities measured in the presence of Mg++-ATP and Mn++-ATP. Effects of insulin, GMP-P(NH)P, isoproterenol, and fluoride. AB - The kinetic behavior of the adenylyl cyclase activity associated with fat cell membranes purified by centrifugation on sucrose gradients was studied. Under most of the conditions explored, with either Mn++ or Mg++ as the divalent cation in the assay mixtures, the time courses of the reaction were not linear. In the absence of modifiers (i.e., basal activity) or in the presence of insulin, the rate tended to decrease with time; on the other hand, with fluoride or GMP-P(NH)P the curves were concave upwards. To simplify analysis of the results, two kinetic components were defined: an "initial component" corresponding to the transient rate measured between zero time and 1.5 min of assay and a "final component" corresponding to the transient rate determined between 3 and 5 min. Over the entire range of Mn++ concentration explored (0.5 to 6.0 mM), the basal initial rates were slightly higher than the final ones. With Mg++ in the range between 1.5 and 2.5 mM, the final rates were fourfold lower than the initial ones. Higher or lower Mg++ concentrations gave velocity ratios equivalent to those observed with Mn++. Insulin clearly decreased the final rates at Mn++ concentrations up to 2.5 mM. With higher concentrations the effects were completely reversed. The effects of insulin on initial rates measured with Mn++, or the initial or final rates measured with Mg++, were less evident. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by fluoride was most pronounced on the final rates. In addition, this stimulation was higher with Mg++ than with Mn++. Isoproterenol stimulation of adenylyl cyclase was negligible in the presence of Mn++ (0.5 to 6.0 mM). With Mg++ (0.5 to 6.0 mM), stimulation was more evident on the final rates. GMP-P(NH)P inhibited the initial but activated the final components of the reaction. The extent of this inhibition or activation was more pronounced with Mg++ than with Mn++. Under conditions which lead to maximal inactivation of the final component, adenylyl cyclase activity was tenfold or more higher with Mn++ than with Mg++. Similar effects were observed with GMP-P(NH)P on the initial component. However, insulin, isoproterenol and fluoride decreased the Mn++ dependence of the final component. With fluoride, the final rates measured with Mg++ were almost equivalent to those found in assays containing Mn++. Under the conditions used for measurements of adenylyl cyclase activity, the enzyme system slowly interconverts between active and inactive forms. PMID- 702527 TI - Treatment of self-injurious behaviour with overcorrection. PMID- 702526 TI - Kinetic studies of adenylyl cyclase of fat cell membranes. II. Comparison of activities measured in the presence of Mn++-AMP-P(NH)P and Mg++-AMP-P(NH)P. Effects of insulin, fluoride, isoproterenol, and GMP-P(NH)P. AB - The kinetics of fat cell adenylyl cyclase were studied, with AMP-P(NH)P and Mn++ or Mg++ as the divalent cation. In general, the reaction times were not linear. In the presence of fluoride or GMP-P(NH)P, the time curves were concave upwards; in other cases (i.e., basal activity, insulin, or isoproterenol), transient rates tended to decrease with time during the assay. Kinetic data were analyzed according to a previously described procedures (Torres et al., 1978b) which isolates two kinetic components: initial and final. With AMP-P(NH)P, kinetic activities were about ten times lower than those for ATP. With Mn++, activities were at least two-times higher than for Mg++. Spontaneous inactivation of adenylyl cyclase was higher in assays containing Mg++ than in those supplemented with Mn++. In the latter case, insulin was able to increase the inactivation rate. Fluoride and isoproterenol both activated adenylyl cyclase in both the initial and final kinetic components; under most of the conditions explored, their effects on the final component appeared to be more dramatic. Assays with GMP-P(NH)P showed inhibited activity in the initial component and increased activity in the final one. When the results obtained with AMP-P(NH)P are compared with those of ATP (Torres et al., 1978b. J. Membrane Biol. 43:000), the following differences were found: (i) in the presence of insulin and Mn++, cyclase inactivation was higher with AMP-P(NH)P than with ATP; (ii) fluoride stimulation of the final component was more marked with ATP than with AMP-P(NH)P; (iii) cyclase stimulation by isoproterenol was slightly higher with the nucleotide analog; and (iv) GMP-P(NH)P stimulation of the final component resulted in higher activity with ATP than with AMP-P(NH)P. PMID- 702528 TI - Effect of bromocriptine on dystonic-athetoid dyskinesias in mentally retarded patients. PMID- 702529 TI - Clinical observations in Klinefelter (47,XXY) syndrome. PMID- 702530 TI - Frequency of drug administration. A prime factor in patient compliance and health care cost. PMID- 702531 TI - Radiologic seminar CLXXXIV: Brenner tumor of the ovary--ultrasound findings. PMID- 702532 TI - The fate mapping of the eleventh and twelfth day mouse otocyst: an in vitro study of the sites of origin of the embryonic inner ear sensory structures. AB - An experiment was undertaken to determine which sensory structures of the mouse embryo inner ear developed from what portion of the mouse otocyst. Otocysts of gestation days 10, 11, 12, and 13 were divided by surgical dissection into six anatomical groups: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral halves. They were organ cultured separately. After a period of ten days, the explanted tissues were harvested and processed histologically for microscopic analysis. The surgical control specimens fixed at the time of explantation were composed of undifferentiated ectodermal cells for tissues of gestation days 10, 11, and 12. Otocysts of gestation days 11, and 12 showed, during the course of their subsequent growth, that the three semicircular ducts and their associated cristae developed from the dorsal and lateral halves. Only the anterior and posterior canals and cristae originated from the medial portion. The posterior half gave rise to the posterior crista and the anterior half provided for the development of the anterior and lateral cristae. The cochlear duct and its sensory epithelium developed in all the anatomical groups except the dorsal half. The utricle developed in the dorsal section of the middle third of the otocyst, while the utricular macula developed in the anterior half of the same section of the otocyst. The saccule and its macula differentiated from the ventral section of the middle third of the anterior half. PMID- 702533 TI - Re-regeneration of lower jaws and the dental lamina in adult urodeles. AB - Transverse amputations were carried out through one-third fully regenerated jaw segments and through normal tissue of the mandible on the same and opposite sides of the jaw in adults of Notophthalmus viridescens. Collectively the results suggest that, in adult urodeles, the mandible and the dental lamina can be replaced in an identical manner more than one time. Although the major histological events are the same in jaw regeneration and re-regeneration, regrowth is more rapid in re-regeneration. It appears that recently differentiated tissues of the regenerate have a higher capacity for regeneration than normal tissues amputated for the first time. Re-regeneration of the jaw occurs by growth of the original regenerate cartilage which has undergone reorganization. In re-regeneration, the skeletal elements exhibit no polarity and regrowth occurs in both directions, while the dental lamina possesses an anterior posterior polarity and can regrow in an anterior direction only. Information concerning the mechanisms involved in the regenerative events remain to be determined. PMID- 702534 TI - Morphometric assessment of granulation in rat atrial cardiocytes: effect of age. PMID- 702536 TI - Dual excitatory channels in the sinus node. PMID- 702535 TI - Effects of hyperosmolar solutions of polyethylene glycol, dextran or mannitol on enzyme release from perfused rat hearts. PMID- 702537 TI - Abstracts for the Ninth Congress of the International Society for Heart Research, New Delhi, India, 28 September to 2 October, 1978. PMID- 702538 TI - Associations of cancer mortality with halomethanes in drinking water. AB - Associations between site- and sex-specific county cancer mortality rates and levels of trihalomethanes (THM's) in drinking water were examined after adjustment of rates for the influence of multiple socioeconomic, industrial, and demographic factors. U.S. counties with sampled supplies were grouped by percent of the county population receiving water from the supply, as well as by region of the country. For two sites (bladder and lung), county rates were also adjusted for the activity level in specific high-risk industries. Positive correlations with THM levels were observed for several cancers, including bladder and brain cancers in both sexes, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and kidney cancer in males. Stomach cancer in females showed a negative association. Bladder cancer mortality rates showed the strongest and most consistent association with a THM exposure index, after control for differences in social class, ethnic group, urban versus rural residence, region of the United States, and industrialization of the county. These ecologic associations suggested that further evaluation in analytic investigations is warranted. PMID- 702539 TI - Affirmative action--a myth. PMID- 702540 TI - Rewarding challenges beckon. PMID- 702541 TI - Study of irreversibly sickled cells in an animal model. AB - Erythrocytes (RBCs) from six patients with sickle cell anemia were transfused to laboratory rats in order to study the intravascular survival of irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs). Fifteen minutes after transfusion, a mean of 48.8 percent (range 23-95 percent) of the ICSs injected were present in the rats' blood, a value that was significantly lower than that for the total population of sickle cell anemia erythrocytes transfused (mean 82.4 percent, range 36-114 percent). The intravascular half-life of ISCs was also lower (mean 0.83 hours +/- 0.18 SD) than that observed for the total sickle cell anemia erythrocytes (mean 1.62 hours +/- 0.19 SD) during the initial two hours of the transfusion experiments. The irreversibly sickled cells that remained in the rats' blood thereafter survived as well as those cells that were not irreversibly sickled. Severe hypoxia in the recipient animals did not appear to selectively remove ISCs from circulation. These data are consistent with heterogeneity of ISCs in terms of their intravascular viability. Some ISCs may have adapted to the stress of circulation despite their abnormal shape. PMID- 702542 TI - Health policy and the underserved. AB - Historically, the provision of health benefits and health services has been wedded to the needs of an industrial society to maintain a productive labor force. The casual observer will note that since the late 19th century the role of government as a participant either in the provision for health services or the delivery of health services has been strongly tied to the labor movement in Western Europe. Overtime benefits, initially procured for the worker, were expanded to include the dependents of the worker and, finally, to include the former worker who was no longer able to work due to age or infirmity. The provision of health care to the poor was considered an act of charity and was never liberal enough to reward poverty nor was it essentially humane, for poverty was a condition to be punished. The rise of "alms houses" and public hospitals for the poor provided constant physical reassurance to the worker that he was, indeed, successful. Such institutions were also warnings to the worker lest he slip into the numbers of the poor. PMID- 702543 TI - Race-related differences in HLA association with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's disease in American blacks and whites. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis is three times less common in American blacks than in whites. It is extremely rare in African blacks of unmixed ancestry. A histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27, which does not exist in African blacks of unmixed ancestry, and is present in eight percent of white and two to four percent of the American black population, is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's disease. B27 is present in more than 80 percent of white patients with ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's disease but in less than 60 percent of American black patients. Other genetic and environmental factors may be of major importance in the genesis of these diseases in American blacks. For diagnostic purposes the absence of B27 is of less importance in excluding these diseases in blacks than in whites. PMID- 702544 TI - Ventilation corrected oxygen tension in lethal pulmonary embolism. AB - Lethal pulmonary embolism is associated with hypoxemia and hypocapnia in the vast majority of cases. The easily calculated ventilation corrected oxygen tension was a very sensitive test in patients breathing air. It yielded no normals, four percent mild hypoxemia, and 96 percent moderate to extreme hypoxemia. The alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference and oxygen ratio were equally sensitive during air breathing. During oxygen inhalation, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference was most sensitive; oxygen ratio was second best; and oxygen saturation was the least sensitive test. PMID- 702545 TI - The anastomotic leak syndrome. AB - To evaluate the mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the anastomotic complex, 151 anastomotic disruptions (representing a 20-year-study) were analyzed from records of St. Frances General Hospital, Pittsburgh. These leaks are serious postoperative problems which require individualized treatment. Prevention should be the main approach to controlling the syndrome. PMID- 702546 TI - Remote afterloading for intracavitary irradiation of cervix carcinoma. AB - The technique of remote afterloading for intracavitary radiotherapy was developed by Henschke et al 15 years ago, and since then the technique has received wide acceptance, both abroad and in the United States. Here at Howard University, it plays an integral part in the intracavitary portion of the treatment of cervix carcinoma. Most applications are done on an outpatient basis without anesthesia or sedation. This has become possible by dilating the cervical canal painlessly with thin laminaria rods. Spread of the lateral colpostats is accomplished by inflating a Foley balloon secured to the applicator with contrast medias, instead of using the customary gauze packing for increased rectal distance.A single cobalt-60 source of 1 mm diameter and 3 to 7 Curies is used, which can be moved during the treatment to simulate linear sources of different lengths and loading. Our present treatment policy calls for 4,000 rad given to the whole pelvis in 20 fractions of 200 rad three times per week plus eight fractions of 400 rad by the remote afterloading technique given one fraction per week concomtant with the external irradiation. Only 18 patients have been treated to date with minimal adverse tissue reactions. There is only an 18-month maximum follow-up, so survival figures are still pending but all patients so treated are currently living without recurrence. PMID- 702547 TI - Protection for children involved in research. PMID- 702548 TI - Pneumatosis intestinalis in the infant. PMID- 702549 TI - Value of radiotherapy in superior vena cava syndrome. AB - The superior vena cava syndrome is among the most important radiotherapeutic emergencies currently known. It is almost always due to malignant disease and therefore no time should be wasted in establishing the histological diagnosis of the malignant tumor which causes the superior vena cava obstruction. The conventional slow, low-dose irradiation is a safe method of treatment. High-dose irradiation in this condition might further compromise the respiratory distress already present thus leading to sudden death. PMID- 702550 TI - Abdominal tuberculosis: observations in three cases. AB - Although pulmonary tuberculosis has decreased, extra pulmonary tuberculosis has shown a relative increase in frequency during the past decade. This paper discusses three cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis which presented with abdominal signs. The patients were completely evaluated and surgery was done, followed by antituberculosis therapy with survival and rehabilitation of all three patients. PMID- 702551 TI - Nutritional problems in the aged: consumer advocate views. PMID- 702552 TI - Student loans. PMID- 702553 TI - The placenta: a diagnostic tool in sickle cell disorders. AB - Examination of the placenta for the presence of sickling is an accurate, simple, inexpensive, and readily available technique for determining the presence of sickle cell disorders. There were 24 placental specimens out of 904 which showed evidence of sickling. The importance of this confirming procedure can be seen in the uncovering of two cases of false negative reports from conventional testing. PMID- 702555 TI - Gallbladder polyp mimicking an obstructive calculus. AB - The second documented case of obstructing polyp of the gallbladder-an extremely rare lesion-is presented. Symptoms were indistinguishable from those of acute obstructive cholecystitis. The mechanism of obstruction is hypothesized. PMID- 702554 TI - Racism, narcissism, and integrity. AB - Recently there has been much literature pertaining to the psychodynamics of narcissism and its relation to psychopathological and normal psychic functions. While these models of the mind are primarily aimed at understanding individual behavior in the therapeutic relationship, they are also useful in clarifying one's thinking about racism, which can be approached both from an individual and social viewpoint.The author demonstrates that the racist individual suffers from a defect in narcissistic personality development, which precludes the subsequent development of such qualities as creativity, empathy, and integrity. PMID- 702556 TI - Postmortem examination of an x-ray tube. AB - During rapid sequence radiographics in a special procedure room, unexplained random loss of contrast was observed. The effective focal-spot size, output, and the half-value layer of the tube was measured. The focal-spot size was within the +50 percent established by the National Electrical Manufacturer's Association (NEMA). The half-value layer was within the limits suggested in Table 6 of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) Report Number 33, but the output was half the suggested value. PMID- 702558 TI - The Health Science Institute: an experience in learning. AB - The Health Science Institute of Howard University was initiated during the summer of 1973 by students and faculty members in the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences to address one of the major problems related to the overall poor status of health-care delivery for residents of the nation's underserved areas-the critical health manpower shortage. PMID- 702557 TI - Dizziness: surgical treatment. AB - The purpose of ths paper is to discuss the various surgical procedures which are available for the treatment of dizziness and vertigo. Special emphasis will be placed on the indications for these operations and the advantages of each. Dizziness is a common complaint of patients seen by general medical physicians and otolaryngologists. At the Otologic Medical Group in Los Angeles about one third of our new patients seek assistance because of dizziness. The etiologies of these various types of dizziness are multiple. It is not the intent of this paper to discuss the differential diagnosis or methods of evaluation. However, it is important to understand the various types of etiological factors as they are important in successful treatment. PMID- 702559 TI - Splenic abscess in a tropical zone. AB - Abscess of the spleen is uncommon. The reported incidence varies widely and early observations of an association with tropical fevers are no longer evident. The pathogenesis is ill-understood and diagnosis is difficult and usually late. A careful clinical examination combined with the recent utilization of (99)Technitium scanning and splenic arteriography now permit early diagnosis. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice. PMID- 702560 TI - Service and teaching issues in an inner-city university-based psychiatry clinic. AB - The provision of quality out-patient psychiatric care to a predominately black inner-city population, in a University setting such as ours, is a complex and challenging task. This paper addresses service and teaching issues related to the provision of that care in the Adult Unit of the Howard University Hospital Mental Health Clinic. In this setting there is a mandate for clinical teaching and research as well, two vital components in the delivery of quality psychiatric service by knowledgeable and skilled health care providers. PMID- 702561 TI - Therapy for Asian Americans. AB - IN ORDER THAT ASIAN AMERICANS BE MORE ADEQUATELY PROVIDED WITH MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO: (1) have a thorough educational campaign over a long period of time to help Asians overcome their negative prejudices against mental illness, (2) devise culturally relevant diagnostic techniques, and (3) have treatment consonant with the cultural backgrounds of the patients and befitting the role expectations of the patients. It is likely that even with an excellent educational campaign, appropriate diagnoses, and culturally sensitive treatment methods, the first patients we will see will be those most seriously and chronically disturbed, probably when the family feels no longer able to cope with their psychotic behavior. We hope that subsequently, through the educational campaign and also through the outreach efforts of the Asian Mental Health Clinic, Asian Americans who are not psychotic but who want relief from psychosomatic symptoms, tension, depression, or help with family or marital problems will apply. PMID- 702563 TI - Multiple osteolytic lesions of bone. PMID- 702562 TI - Nutritional problems in the aged: dietary aspects. PMID- 702565 TI - Fibrous epulis: experience in clinical presentation and treatment of 39 cases. AB - The clinical features and treatment of 39 cases of fibrous epulis are described. Many of the epulides attained giant sizes before patients sought treatment. A few large or recurrent fibrous epulides were mistaken for malignant lesions, such as fibrosarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. Adequate excision and histological examination of all tissues excised were found to be the best management procedure for fibrous epulis. PMID- 702564 TI - Diagnosis and management of early carcinoma of the endometrium. AB - Early (stage I) carcinoma of the endometrium is increasing in frequency. Outpatient diagnostic methods play a role in this increase. Prognostic factors such as histologic grade, uterine size, myometrial invasion, age, lymph node involvement, and cervical spread are important in determining five-year survival. Therapeutic options for early-stage disease are discussed. PMID- 702566 TI - What's on the horizon for the black obstetrician and gynecologist in the United States? PMID- 702568 TI - Therapeutic group home care for adolescent girls: an interagency development. AB - In the District of Columbia, because of inappropriate placement resources, crisis units in mental health centers are keeping children long after treatment evaluation has taken place. It was thought that disturbed adolescents might be served in a small family-type setting with live-in house parents, direct clinical services, and back-up from the mental health center.This paper discusses an attempt to provide services to some disturbed adolescents in an interagency therapeutic group home. The study experience is limited, but the design of the program and the problems encountered may be of some value to health and child care agencies. PMID- 702567 TI - Myocardial rupture in acute myocardial infarction: report of experience and review. AB - A review of eight cases of myocardial rupture following myocardial infarction confirmed the association of rupture with advanced age, a preponderance of females, hypertension, and physical exercise after infarction. In four patients, electrocardiograms recording the events of rupture showed further S-T elevation, supraventricular tachycardia, and conduction defects. One case of septal rupture showed increase in the amplitude of the P waves. The combination of these changes with sudden reappearance of chest pain, development or worsening of congestive cardiac failure with hypotension, and the appearance of a precordial systolic murmur should aid in the earlier diagnosis of this complication which may be amenable to surgery. Successful repair of rupture has been reported during the acute phase of infarction and after variable periods of delay. PMID- 702569 TI - Nutritional programming for the elderly. AB - It is impossible to talk about nutrition and the elderly without reviewing related factors such as program funding levels, income and purchasing power, education, medical implications, and resulting social costs.Although we have witnessed a tremendous increase in federal appropriations for Title VII programs, many senior citizens have not and will not benefit from nutrition programs. As the ratio of elderly citizens to total population increases, we may expect: (1) an increase in program budgets with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of senior citizens served; and (2) a regressed government attitude toward income related support programs, causing decreased purchasing power, ineffective nutrition programs, and little relative improvement in the health of our elderly population. PMID- 702570 TI - Hidradenitis suppurativa: a closer look. AB - The following is a review of the literature concerning hidradenitis suppurativa with emphasis on aspects of this disease which suggest that it may be a result of altered host-defense mechanisms.Deep fistula formation, anemia, and the development of carcinoma are complications seen only in disease affecting the perianal area. The term perianal is used loosely to describe the buttock, perineum, pubic, and genital areas.A variety of treatment regimens has been used with limited success. Surgery has evolved as the treatment of choice for advanced and chronic disease. PMID- 702571 TI - Neonatal meningitis due to Enterobacter cloacae. AB - Enterobacter species, in recent years, have been divided into E aerogenes, E hafniae, E liquefaciens, and E cloacae. Early reviews of neonatal meningitis include some cases due to Klebsiella-Aerobacter,(1) and recent reviews(2,3) include Enterobacter which did not divide them into species of Enterobacter. Reported here is a case of neonatal meningitis due to a gram-negative organism, Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 702572 TI - Surgical treatment of keloids secondary to ear piercing. AB - Keloids are medically benign, but often psychologically and cosmetically malignant lesions. They are most commonly located on the posterior aspect of the ear lobes. The author's treatment of choice is the combined intralesional steroid and surgical approach. Surgically, the best results are obtained when some of the skin overlying the keloid is used as a split thickness graft after all of the keloidal tissue has been removed. Explicit postoperative wound care instructions are important in insuring complication-free surgery. PMID- 702573 TI - On the subject of caring for and caring about patients. AB - Recognition of the growing familiarity on the part of physicians in approaching patients is presented with discussion of alternative approaches to establishing rapport and, at the same time, respecting the rights and preserving the dignity of the patient. PMID- 702574 TI - Recurrent pneumothorax. PMID- 702575 TI - Drug abuse. PMID- 702576 TI - Editorial: High blood pressure month--different perspectives. PMID- 702577 TI - Preliminary clinical experience with intraoperative radiotherapy. AB - Intraoperative radiotherapy is the term applied to the irradiation of unresectable tumors, partially resectable tumors, and regional lymph nodes with external beam radiation at the time of surgical exposure. Since only one treatment is given at the time of surgery, one should consider the intraoperative technique as "boost" therapy which may allow us to raise the conventional external beam dose to the tumor by 50 to 100 percent. At Howard University Hospital and Cancer Research Center, seven advanced-stage cancer patients have been treated since 1976 with single doses of electron beam irradiation in the range of 1,300 to 2,000 rad. The preliminary evaluation of these patients has shown no serious acute radiation reactions. PMID- 702578 TI - Benign esophageal stricture in a tropical African population. AB - In North America, the most common causes of benign esophageal stricture are hiatal hernia and reflux esophagitis. These are localized to the lower end of the esophagus.At the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, the most common cause of benign esophageal stricture is ingestion of corrosives. The ingestion is accidental, suicidal, or for medicinal purposes. This stricture is long, narrow, and irregular. Most extend from the cervical esophagus to the cardioesophageal junction.A surgical procedure that has given good results is the use of left colon pedicled on the left colic artery for retrosternal isoperistaltic esophagocoloplasty. PMID- 702579 TI - Alternative pathway activation in sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia major. AB - Total hemolytic complement activity (CH50), immuno-electrophoretic conversion of Factor B (C3PA), and of C3 were studied in 16 patients with sickle cell disease in a steady state, eight patients in crisis, and ten patients with beta thalassemia major anemia maintained on a constant transfusion regimen. Patients with sickle cell disease in a steady state have moderatley 56 (percent) depressed conversion of Factor B in addition to markedly decreased conversion of C3 in four of ten patients. One of the three sickle cell patients and two of the four thalassemia patients with low C3 conversion levels have died subsequent to the studies. The combination of chronically decreased Factor B conversion in the face of markedly decreased C3 conversion may make these patients occasionally vulnerable to overwhelming infection analagous to the situation seen in postsplenectomy cases. PMID- 702580 TI - Rotation technique for superficial total body electron beam irradiation. AB - Low megavoltage electrons, because of their limited penetration, have been found very useful in the treatment of generalized superficial malignancies. However, because of the complexity of the human body contour, it is extremely difficult to achieve uniform dose distribution over the entire body surface. To achieve this, various techniques ranging from two to six fields have been used. In this paper, we discuss the disadvantages of these techniques and describe a new technique, "the rotation technique," which is superior. PMID- 702582 TI - Becoming an independent Community Mental Health Center: perils of the process. AB - Over the past 12 years, since the inception of the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) movement, there has been increasing concern that local communities have more input; in fact, that they actually have the opportunity to operate the mental health programs that they deem necessary for their communities.(1)Under the Amendments to the Community Mental Health Act (P.L.94-63) 1975, CMHCs were given such options as independence or governance. The whole process of governance presents numerous problems as well as opportunities. An overview of the vicissitudes of this process is presented in this paper. PMID- 702581 TI - Measurement of diastolic events by apexcardiogram: correlation with hemodynamic state and prognosis after myocardial infarction. AB - Apexcardiograms and hemodynamic studies were performed in 32 postmyocardial infarction patients. Group 1 patients (5) had markedly elevated left ventricular end diastolic (LVED) pressures but normal LVED volumes; apexcardiograms included tall A waves (31 percent of the E to O points), prolonged A-wave durations of 134 msec or greater, short rapid filling wave durations (55 msec) and slow-filling waves replaced by plateaus in three patients. Group 2 patients (10) had markedly elevated LVED pressures and elevated LVED volumes, and had similar apexcardiographic findings: A-wave heights had a mean of 23.4 percent of E to O points, A-wave durations were 113 msec or more, rapid filling wave (RFW) durations were 93 msec and diastolic plateaus occurred in five patients. Group 3 patients (11) had intermediate hemodynamic findings and the apexcardiograms were varied; three patients with mild congestive heart failure (CHF) had apexcardiograms similar to Group 1 and five without CHF had apexcardiograms similar to those in Group 4. Group 4 patients (6) had normal hemodynamic findings; the mean A-wave height was 6 percent of the E to O point height, A-wave durations 90 msec or less RFW durations were 117.5 msec or more and the slow filling wave duration (SFW) was normal in the configuration. Fourteen of 15 patients in Groups 1 and 2 developed CHF and six died on follow-up. Group 4 patients showed no evidence of CHF on follow-up and there were no deaths. Group differences were significantly different for A-wave height and duration, and for RFW duration at 0.05 or 0.01.Tall prolonged A waves and short RFWs were associated with poor left ventricular (LV) compliance and dysfunction, and diastolic plateau immediately following the RFW when present were confirmatory. Thus, the apexcardiogram is a reproducible useful noninvasive tool for clinical assessment, and predicting prognosis in postmyocardial infarction patients. PMID- 702583 TI - Physicians' actions against medical malpractice suits: countersuit for legal malpractice. PMID- 702584 TI - Scabies. PMID- 702585 TI - National health insurance: a position paper by the National Medical Association, Inc. PMID- 702586 TI - Congenital cleidodysostosis. PMID- 702587 TI - Constipation. AB - Constipation pervades our society. It is associated with emotional stress, lack of dietary fiber, and ignorance. Laxative stimulants, bulk forming agents, stool softeners, and osmotic cathartics may all be needed to treat endstage constipation initially, but "weaning" should be possible in most cases. Endstage constipation, in rare cases, can be life threatening due to urinary tract or colonic obstruction or perforation. PMID- 702588 TI - Physical examinations in inner-city preschools. AB - This paper describes the physical examination program started in March 1974 and carried out by the Anacostia Headstart Program in Washington DC. Annual totals of 362, 274, and 458 preschool children were examined in 16 schools during the 1973 1974, 1974-1975, and 1975-1976 school years, respectively. For these years, 8, 9, and 12 percent, respectively, had heart murmurs. The rates for abdominal hernias were higher, 11, 17, and 16 percent, respectively. Eczema was also a common problem. Parents had easy access to counseling from health professionals who worked in the program. PMID- 702589 TI - The effectiveness of sickle cell education in New York City public elementary schools. AB - The present study attempts to ascertain the effectiveness of the health education component of the Queens Hospital Center Sickle Cell Education & Screening Program. The study is limited to children in grades four through six in the New York City public school system. Such elementary school students, representing a large segment of the population, are easily accessible and can be effectively educated about sickle cell disease. The findings indicate that professional sickle cell educators can successfully teach young children about the disease and can do so more effectively than the average schoolteacher. PMID- 702590 TI - Liver cirrhosis, tobacco, alcohol, and cancer among blacks. AB - Attributes of age, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption were studied in order to elucidate their roles in the increased risks of blacks for selected neoplasms. Black cancer patients with and without liver cirrhosis were compared by cancer sites, age, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption. Subsequently, non-cirrhotic blacks and whites with cancer were characterized on the same variables.Black males with cancer and liver cirrhosis, when compared with similar males without liver cirrhosis, were significantly younger and had more than triple the frequencies of esophageal and hepatic cancers but less than one fourth the frequencies of gastric and prostatic cancers. Cirrhotic patients were rarely nondrinkers but drank whiskey excessively. Noncirrhotic blacks, when compared with noncirrhotic whites, had very high risks of liver, stomach, and prostate cancers and smoked less heavily but drank significantly more whiskey. Hence, factors associated with patterns of smoking cigarettes and drinking, especially whiskey, if not these habits themselves, are probably related to the increased risks of blacks for stomach and liver cancers when compared with non-cirrhotic whites and for esophageal and hepatic cancers when compared with non-cirrhotic blacks. PMID- 702591 TI - Gray areas in forensic psychiatry. AB - The field of forensic psychiatry is not always compatible with legalities in our court system, causing some cases to be in a "gray" area. A case is presented, demonstrating shortcomings of the M'Naghten rule, which is meant to protect the mentally ill person from being incarcerated when he is not aware of the nature or the seriousness of the crime of which he stands accused. However, this rule is not applicable when there is awareness, even if the patient is laboring under a delusional system. In the case to be considered, the individual suffers by being given a criminal record instead of being found not guilty by reason of insanity, although the end result is the same.The author feels there should be a much broader interpretation of the M'Naghten rule to encompass the full intent of protecting the mentally ill person but to exclude the sociopath and those with character disorders. The Durham rule is not workable because of this inclusion. PMID- 702592 TI - Synchronous cancer of the colon: a case for more definitive resection in colon cancer. AB - Carcinoma of the colon is reported to be the most common visceral cancer today in the United States, second only to cancer of the lung as a cause of cancer-related mortality. Three consecutive cases of multiple primary colon cancers-synchronous carcinoma, two of which were additionally associated with colonic polyps, prompted a review of the literature as it related to synchronous colon cancer. The incidence of this phenomenon seems to be in the range of three percent of colon cancers. These patients tend to have a higher than usual incidence of associated polyps and of metachronous colon cancer. Inasmuch as the colons of these patients have a clear proclivity to neoplastic transformation and recurrence, subtotal colectomy as the initial curative colon procedure is practiced. This diagnosis is more often made in retrospect. It would seem that subtotal colectomy should be the initial curative procedure for any cancer of the large bowel proximal to the rectum in otherwise healthy patients less than 60 years of age. PMID- 702593 TI - Health care professionals: a model for teaching the components of society-culture personality in the delivery of care. AB - In recent years, the behavioral sciences have contributed tremendously tot he education of future physicians, dentists, nurses, and other health care professionals. With the inclusion of the behavioral sciences component in the National Board Examination (1972), many medical schools have revised their curricula to include sociology in the training of the future physician. However, the tremendous shortage of qualified social scientists made it difficult to meet the needs of medical schools and health programs in the country.In view of this problem, this paper will present a single conceptual model that can be used as an organizational device for teaching some basic social science concepts to health care students and to assist them in the comprehension of the impact of society culture-personality (SCP) on the health care institution as a whole. Uses of this model have been presented elsewhere.(1,2) PMID- 702594 TI - Transplacental transfer of Bancroftian filariasis. AB - A pregnant patient with Bancroftian filariasis and documented evidence of transplacental transfer of the larvae is the basis of this report. PMID- 702595 TI - M'Naghten rule: the right or wrong of criminal law. PMID- 702596 TI - The stroke area: feasibility of adoption in community hospitals. AB - Pioneering efforts to establish what are known as stroke areas in community hospitals were made primarily by Dr Charles Bonner at Youville Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Dr. Bertram Howard at St. Luke's Hospital in New Bedford, Massachusetts during the early 1960s. Analysis of comparative data collected in subsequent years from 15 or more hospitals that followed their lead suggests that the stroke unit concept has become recognized as a medically sound approach to the management of stroke victims toward enhancing, rather than simply trying to save lives. PMID- 702597 TI - Intra-arterial knotted catheter. AB - Although cerebral arteriography is commonly employed as a diagnostic radiologic procedure its use is not entirely innocuous. Beside the usual complications of an invasive technique the retention of a knotted distal flexible catheter tip may be encountered. This report presents a case in which this occurred with subsequent extraction by way of incision of the femoral artery. PMID- 702598 TI - Demonstration of pericardial effusion by real-time ultrasonography. AB - Pericardial effusion has a variety of causes. Among these, inflammatory processes are the most common. Traditionally x-rays, isotopic scanning, carbon dioxide injection, and M-mode echocardiography have been used for evaluation of pericardial effusion. The most recent advance in real time scanning enables the examiner to more completely and more accurately evaluate and serially investigate pericardial effusions through a noninvasive technique. PMID- 702599 TI - Pattern of thoracic surgical diseases in Nigeria: experience at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. AB - A prospective study of 595 patients treated by the Thoracic Surgical Unit (TSU) at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan between July 1975 and December 1977 was carried out to determine the pattern of thoracic surgical diseases in Nigeria and to prove or disprove the rarity of certain cardiopulmonary diseases in tropical Africa. This review shows that pyogenic infections of the lung and pleura constitute the largest percentage (38.5) of the thoracic surgical diseases in Nigeria. Although pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for only 23.4 percent of our total inpatient load, it constitutes about 60 percent of our outpatient clinic practice. Cardiovascular diseases form 12.9 percent, notably congenital and acquired valvular heart diseases. An interesting finding was the occasional association of pyomyositis with pyogenic pericarditis and empyema thoracis. This triad is being investigated. Chest trauma was the most common thoracic surgical emergency accounting for 9.2 percent of the total thoracic surgical pathology. The most common causes of dysphagia are strictures from corrosive esophagitis, achalasia, and carcinoma of the esophagus. Present experience confirms the rarity of hiatus hernia, reflux esophagitis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and, perhaps, carcinoma of the lung among Nigerians. PMID- 702601 TI - Evaluation and treatment of patients with impotence. AB - Impotence is a common problem of adult males. Thorough history from both partners, physical examination, and laboratory work uncover a small minority who are suffering from an organic cause. The majority of such patients have a psychological basis for the condition. In the absence of demonstrated organic disease, psychiatric consultation is indicated. Surgery is helpful in erectile impotence. PMID- 702600 TI - Immunologic defect of the alternate pathway-of-complement activation postsplenectomy: a possible relation between splenectomy and infection. AB - Total hemolytic complement (CH50) and activation of the alternate mechanism were measured in eight patients before and after splenectomy and compared to similar measurements made in a control group of patients following other abdominal surgery. In the splenectomy group, alternate-pathway-mediated activation of C3 was significantly different from the controls. The mean five-day postsplenectomy value of 16 percent for the immunoelectrophoretic conversion of C3 to C3i was depressed (p<0.001) from the presplenectomy value of 85 percent and five-month postsplenectomy level of 71 percent (p<0.01). The difference between presplenectomy and five-month postsplenectomy values was not significant. Further, activation of C3 in patients five days postsplenectomy was significantly less (p<0.01) than in the five-day postoperative controls. In both the splenectomized patients and control group, five-day postoperative determinations indicated an increase in CH50 values and a decrease in degree of activation of Factor B. The spleen appears to manufacture certain substances required for activation of C3 via the alternate mechanism. That the manufacture is eventually assumed by other immune-competent organs is shown by the eventual increase of activation toward preoperative levels five months postsplenectomy. This defect in C3 activation may account for the tendency of splenectomized patients to have an increased incidence of bacterial infections and sepsis in the postoperative period. PMID- 702602 TI - Marijuana and the adolescent. AB - Growing marijuana use among young people, among teenagers in particular, poses serious problems that involve parents, society, law enforcement agencies, legislators, and health care professionals. This paper discusses the multifaceted problems surrounding marijuana use and suggests possible solutions. PMID- 702603 TI - Solitary bone lesion in a young adult. PMID- 702604 TI - Teenage pregnancy, a national disaster: a significant factor in black teenage unemployment. AB - Pregnancy is an unfortunate event in the life of preteen and teenagers. Yet, it is occurring with increasing frequency among children between the ages of 12 and 16. The magnitude of this growing problem is so great it demands the assistance of all segments of society to find a solution.While it is true that pregnancy is often a social, economic, and psychological burden to the young mother, the outlook for the baby may be even more bleak. Homes and schools are not meeting the needs for rearing and training these unplanned progeny to become productive citizens. Already, some of them are entering the labor market with few, if any, marketable skills.Preventive measures seem to offer the best prospects for dealing with this human dilemma. Since the majority of the unwed teens under discussion are black, the black physician must apply his talents and resources to finding a workable solution. PMID- 702606 TI - A method for comparing survival of burn patients to a standard survival curve. AB - A method is presented which enables individual institutions to compare their patient survival rates to a standard survival curve. The method can be used for survival following any sort of trauma, here illustrated for survival of burned patients. The only requirements is that a standard survival curve be available which gives predicted probabilities of survival for each patient. The procedure is simple and can be easily computed with a small calculator. It requires fewer patients than does a corresponding Chi-square test, and can be used with as few as 30 patients. The power for a specified alternative can be calculated. Detailed examples are given applying the procedure to a randomly selected set of 50 patients from the National Burn Information Exchange registry, Ann Arbor, Michigan. PMID- 702605 TI - The relationship between sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - As the initial problems of trauma have been resolved, patients may survive the immediate period following critical injury only to succumb later to the effects of sepsis. We previously noted a correlation between multiple organ failure and intravascular clotting. The present study evaluated the incidence of infection complications following proven disseminated intravascular coagulation. Detailed analysis of multiple clotting factor changes following critical surgical illness (Factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, and platelets, fibrin degradation products and plasminogen) were carried out prospectively in 48 patients. Twenty-one of the 48 were classified as having a severe degree of intravascular coagulation on the basis of hematologic evidence. Only one survived without evidence of infection; 16 showed changes consistent with a moderate degree of intravascular coagulation, and ten subsequently developed evidence of infection. Of the 11 patients with minimal evidence of intravascular coagulation, infection developed in only one. PMID- 702607 TI - Myocardial contusion: effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation on cardiac output. AB - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABCP) improves impaired left ventricular (LV) performance associated with myocardial ischemia. We have evaluated the effect of IABCP on cardiac output (CO) after blunt trauma to the heart where LV performance is impaired by myocardial contusion but coronary blood flow is normal. Contusion of 20 to 40% of the LV in 13 dogs decreased CO by 41% +/- 6.4. A 30-minute period of IABCP was followed by 30 minutes without IABCP with three assist periods in each animal unless death occurred. Immediate IABCP after injury in six dogs increased CO 14% +/- 3.8 (p less than 0.01). Treatment was delayed for 30 minutes in seven dogs, and CO further decreased 0.7% +/- 3.2; initiation of IABCP then increased CO 9.2% +/- 6.5 (p less than 0.05). When CO was decreased less than 25% or greater than 50% after injury, IABCP had no effect on CO. In midrange when CO decreased 25 to 50%, IABCP increased CO 12.5% +/- 3.2 (p less than 0.001 initially, 9.3% +/- 1.3 (p less than 0.005) with second assist, and third assist 5.6% +/- 2(NS). It is concluded that IABCP improves LV performance following myocardial contusion, especially when applied early after injury. PMID- 702608 TI - An operative repair of acromioclavicular separation. AB - Sixteen patients underwent an open reduction for complete acromioclavicular separation with a loop of woven Dacron arterial graft. This technique of internal fixation permits an early range of shoulder motion and eliminates the need for a second procedure to remove wire or pins. Experience in vascular reconstruction suggests that fibroblastic ingrowth might occur to substitute for the disrupted ligament complex. All but two of the 16 patients showed excellent results: full restoration of shoulder function, satisfactory cosmesis, and complete relief of pain. One required reoperation for an improperly placed loop, and one had definite over-reduction of the clavicle on the acromion but remained asymptomatic. In several, X-rays showed evidence of pressure resorption and periosteal new-bone formation along the clavicle at the site of the loop, but no loss of fixation. This approach was used successfully in acute trauma and as late as one year following injury. PMID- 702609 TI - Doppler ultrasound and digital plethysmography to determine the need for sympathetic blockade after frostbite. AB - Thirty patients seen following frostbite injury during a 2-week period were treated with rapid rewarming in a saline bath. Vascular laboratory evaluations including digital plethysmograms and Doppler ultrasound mapping of digital vessels and distal palmar and pedal arches revealed three general degrees of vascular response to cold injury after rewarming. The most common, the hyperdynamic response, implying patent digital vessels, was often clinically apparent, with warm, red digits. Regional sympathectomy may be troublesome in these patients. Patients without a hyperdynamic response, including those whose Doppler and plethysmographic examinations were within normal limits for noncold exposed individuals, had evidence of vascular compromise at the digital level and benefited from regional sympathectomy with intra-arterial reserpine. PMID- 702610 TI - Urinary tract abnormalities presenting as a result of blunt abdominal trauma. AB - Fourteen patients with unsuspected urinary tract abnormalities had their disorders diagnosed at the time of their evaluation for blunt abdominal trauma. The trauma was generally inconsequential but all of the patients had gross or microscopic hematuria. The diagnosis could be made by intravenous pyelography or physical examination in all of these patients, although in some patients the abnormality was not evident until the patient had an arteriogram. These disorders are usually detected in children, but 12 of our 14 patients were 19 years of age or older. The importance of the urogram for all patients with hematuria and minor abdominal trauma is emphasized by this group of patients. PMID- 702611 TI - Hemorrhagic shock treatment with hot intravenous fluid in dogs. AB - In hot climates, only high temperature fluids (are greater than 100 F) may be available for treatment of blood loss shock in combat casualties. Can the hot fluid be used safely and effectively? We compared hot Ringer's lactate (51.7% C/125 F) resuscitation (n=10) to body-temperature (100 F) fluid resuscitation (n=10) in a hemorrhagic shock dog model. One liter of 125 F fluid, as part of the resuscitation, did not cause hyperthermia, red blood cell hemolysis, or any significantly different response in the cardiovascular system when compared to body-temperature fluid. All animals in both groups survived. These findings suggest that battlefield use of hot fluids in controlled amounts can be safe and effective for treatment of blood loss shock in human combat casualties. PMID- 702613 TI - Methylmethacrylate as an adjunct in the internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. AB - Twenty-eight unstable four-part intertrochanteric fractures in 27 elderly patients with severely osteoporotic femurs were treated by means of internal fixation (commonly the 130 or 95 A.O. blade plate) in combination with methylmethacrylate. Of the 28, ten patients with eleven fractures were recalled and reexamined; 12 had died; five were lost to followup (1 1/2-8 1/2 years) at the time of this review but sufficient documentation existed for their inclusion. There were no deep wound infections. We did not encounter any hypotension during surgery or as a result of the methylmethacrylate. One patient developed a pulmonary embolus 5 days postoperation and responded well to anticoagulant therapy. There were three failures; one femoral shaft fracture at the plate end, one nonunion, both requiring total hip replacemens, and the third failure was due to malreduction of fracture and was later revised. Where bone fragments were in contact, union occurred rapidly and the presence of cement did not interfere with bone union in any way. The patients were pain free and began full weight bearing the day after surgery. PMID- 702612 TI - A preliminary report on the spray application of topical silver sulfadiazine to burn wounds. AB - A simple, flexible system for spray application of topical antimicrobials has been developed in the Burn Unit at Hennepin County Medical Center. In contrast to previous attempts, this method allows spray application of silver sulfadiazine without dilution. Because of the viscosity of the micronized cream, aerosol spread is minimal. Inexpensive commercially available components are used without modification. This system can be readily adapted to most hospital situations and provides rapid topical antimicrobial application. Time required for dressing changes has been reduced in our Burn Unit by 75% and fewer nursing personnel are required. Spray application avoids direct physical contact with burn wounds, eliminating potential contamination and greatly reducing pain associated with dressing changes. Patient acceptance is high. PMID- 702614 TI - Injuries caused by seatbelts in stationary vehicles. AB - A new injury caused by seatbelts in the legs of automobile passengers in stationary cars not involved in accidents is described. The authors have treated 11 such injuries since 1974 in Hungary. Prevention of this injury by educating passengers to replace seatbelts before leaving their cars is recommended. PMID- 702615 TI - Microsurgical vascular anastomosis for traumatic middle cerebral artery occlusion. AB - A unique case is reported in which extracranial to intracranial arterial anastomosis was used to treat persisting traumatic middle cerebral artery occlusion. The rationale and indications for use of cerebral revascularization are discussed. Trauma surgeons are encouraged to consider extracranial to intracranial anastomosis in patients with cerebrovascular occlusion inappropriate for operations in the neck. PMID- 702616 TI - Claw hammer technique for extraction of knives. AB - A knife deeply imbedded in a patient's shoulder could not be pulled out easily before post-withdrawal angiographic study. The claw of a hammer was placed beneath the hilt of the knife for additional leverage, and the weapon was thereupon successfully removed. The advantage of a post-withdrawal angiogram to assess the degree of extravasation is stressed. PMID- 702617 TI - Traumatic intrapericardial rupture of the diaphragm. AB - A 60 year-old woman sustained an intrapericardial rupture of the diaphragm with herniation of a loop of transverse colon into the pericardium. There are ten previous reports of this condition. Reduction of the hernia and repair of the defect were readily accomplished through an upper midline abdominal incision. PMID- 702618 TI - Acute uraemic encephalopathy in tropical countries. AB - This is a prospective study on 24 patients with chronic renal failure. Thirteen of them had evidence of acute uraemic encephalopathy. Of those 9 patients were found to have dilutional hyponatraemia, two patients severe salt and water depletion and one patient septicaemia. Hyponatraemia was associated with pulmonary oedema in 3 patients. Correction of salt and water disturbances and treatment of heart failure improved cerebral functions in 10 (77%) patients. It is therefore concluded that dilutional hyponatraemia probably leading to cerebral oedema is a reversibe major factor in the development of acute uraemic encephalopathy. This, if left uncorrected, may prove fatal especially in tropical countries. PMID- 702619 TI - Hycanthone therapy in selected patients with S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections in the Sudan. AB - The results of a clinical trial of hycanthone in 601 selected Sudanese patients with S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections are reported. Hycanthone was given as a single intramuscular injection at a dose of 3.0 mg per kilogramme body weight. The commonest side effects were nausea and vomiting which occurred in 35 per cent and 32 per cent respectively. No incidence of acute hepatic damage and no deaths were encountered. About one third of patients reported for follow-up. Cure rate for S. mansoni was 90 per cent at 6 weeks of treatment and 97 per cent at three months and six months, while for S. haematobium infection it was 82 per cent at 6 weeks and 91 per cent at 3 months and 6 months. A significant reduction in egg excretion was achieved in those who were not cured. PMID- 702620 TI - Hypogammaglobulinaemic sprue in tropics: Report of an Indian patient. AB - Acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia is a rare disease and has not been reported from tropical regions before. A fourteen year old boy, who had symptoms of intestinal malabsorption since the age of seven years, was investigated and found to be suffering from severe hypogammaglobulinaemic sprue which ended fatally. The problems in diagnosis and management of this rare disorder have been highlighted. PMID- 702621 TI - Lassa fever--an autopsy report from the eastern part of Nigeria. AB - Autopsy findings of a case of Lassa fever from the Eastern part of Nigeria are presented. The authors suggest that in Lassa fever there is an involvement of the brain in the nature of encephalitis. PMID- 702622 TI - Diarrhoea, constipation and intestinal transit in a northern Nigerian population. AB - Healthy Nigerians from Zaria have a short intestinal transit time. It is usual for them to open their bowels daily and their concept of diarrhoea and constipation differs widely from the standard medical definition. To avoid confusion care must be taken to inquire exactly what patients mean when they present with these symptoms. PMID- 702623 TI - Festschrift in honour of C.A. Hoare on the occasion of his 85th birthday. PMID- 702624 TI - Serological evidence for the presence of antibodies to Salmonella typhi among slaughtered pigs, goats and sheep. AB - A serological search for healthy carriers of S. typhi was undertaken among regularly slaughtered pigs, goats and sheep. Serum samples from 49 pigs, 40 goats and 35 sheep were tested for the presence of antibodies to S. typhi by the tube agglutination (TAG) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) methods. Of the 49 pig sera screened, a total number of 39 cases were positive, of which 27 were positive by both IHA and TAG methods, and 12 one test only. Twenty-two of the pig sera but none of the sheep and goat sera were positive at higher titre. These findings suggest that pigs may harbour S. typhi and may act as carriers in transmitting infection to man. PMID- 702625 TI - Typhoid fever manifesting with haematemesis, hepatitis and haemolysis. AB - A patient with documented typhoid fever had several uncommon manifestations. These included (1) haematemesis as the presenting feature, (2) hepatocellular jaundice with hepatic encephalopathy, (3) acute intravascular haemolysis and (4) probable disseminated intravascular coagulation. Haematemesis as the presenting feature in typhoid fever has not been reported previously. PMID- 702626 TI - Radiator fluid poisoning in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 702627 TI - Malaria and post-operative fever. PMID- 702628 TI - Blood pressures of South African black schoolchildren aged 10--12 years. AB - In South Africa, in urban but not rural areas, hypertension in Black adults is commoner than in local White adults. To throw light on this situation, blood pressures have been determined in series of South African Blacks, initially on children aged 10--12 years, in rural and urban areas. Mean data are among the lowest recorded. They are lower (p less than 0.01) in the main than those of Black children in U.S.A. Neither levels of salt nor sugar intakes appeared influential. Evidently, noxious factors promotive of hypertension in urban Black adults are not yet in operation in children. PMID- 702629 TI - Cell surface changes associated with in vitro capacitation of hamster sperm. PMID- 702630 TI - Catecholaminergic salivary glands in Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda): an electron microscopic and microspectrofluorometric study. PMID- 702631 TI - Fine structure and possible role of ampullae on tunic supply and attachment in a compound ascidian, Botryllus primigenus OKA. PMID- 702632 TI - Hemocytopoiesis in the oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi and some other lepidoptera. I. Ultrastructural study of normal processes. PMID- 702633 TI - Development of photoreceptor patterns in the compound eyes of muscoid flies. PMID- 702635 TI - Changes in prolactin secretion in lactating rats assessed by correlative morphometric and biochemical methods. PMID- 702634 TI - Capsid fine structure of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus: from a computer analysis of negatively stained virus arrays. PMID- 702636 TI - An unusual type of continuous junction in Limulus. PMID- 702637 TI - Seven complementation groups of respiratory syncytial virus temperature-sensitive mutants. AB - Fifteen temperature-sensitive mutants of the RSN-2 strain of respiratory syncytial virus have been classified into six complementation groups, two of which appeared to be homologous with two of the three complementation groups of the A2 strain described by Wright et al. (P. F. Wright, M. A. Gharpure, D. S. Hodes, and R. M. Chanock, Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch, 41:238--247). Thus seven complementation groups of respiratory syncytial virus, designated A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, have been defined. The frequency and type of mutant isolated varied according to strain; group C was unique to the A2 strain, and groups D, E, F, and G were unique to the RSN-2 strain. The highest complementation indexes were obtained by preincubation for 7 h at permissive temperature, followed by incubation at restrictive temperature for 40 to 50 h in the case of A2 strain mutants or 80 to 90 h for RSN-2 strain mutants. Genetic recombination was not detected. PMID- 702638 TI - Genetic characterization of Mu-like bacteriophage D108. AB - Infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage D108 was shown to result in the generation of apparently random chromosomal mutations. Approximately 1% of the cells lysogenized by D108, as with Mu, acquired new auxotrophic mutations. D108 induced mutations were nonreverting and were most probably the result of insertion of the D108 genome into regions of genetic function. D108 and Mu shared many similar properties but were heteroimmune and had different host ranges. Lytic infections of Mu lysogens with D108 and D108 lysogens with Mu resulted in 100-fold increases in release of phage with prophage markers over those due to spontaneous induction. Phenotypic mixing was common, with most phage carrying the prophage immunity being packaged in particles with the host range of the superinfecting phage. A fraction of the superinfecting phage genomes were, however, packaged in particles with the prophage-specified host range. Although 10% of the prophage progeny were D108-Mu genetic hybrids, superinfecting phage induced release of the prophage with reciprocal phenotypic mixing occurred in recA hosts, in which the frequency of D108-Mu genetic hybrids was reduced 100 fold. PMID- 702641 TI - Evolution of bacteriophage phi C174. V. Alignment of the phi X174, G4, and St-1 restriction enzyme cleavage maps. AB - The restriciton enzyme cleavage maps of bacteriophage phiS174, G4, and St-1 were aligned by two-dimensional filter hybridization. These studies show that the basic genome structure of phiX174 is conserved in the other two bacteriophage. However, the data also suggest the existence of regions of nonhomology. PMID- 702639 TI - Structural studies on Rauscher murine leukemia virus: isolation and characterization of viral envelopes. AB - A preparative method for isolating pure viral envelopes from a type-C RNA tumor virus, Rauscher murine leukemia virus, is described. Fractionation of virions of Rauscher murine leukemia virus was studied after disruption of the virions with the detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate of Nonidet P-40 in combination with ether. Fractionation was performed through flotation in a discontinuous sucrose gradient and, as appeared from electron microscopic examination, a pure viral envelope fraction was obtained in this way. By use of sensitive competition radioimmunoassays or sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation with polyvalent and monospecific antisera directed against Rauscher murine leukemia virus proteins, the amount of the gag and env gene-encoded structural polypeptides in the virions and the isolated envelope fraction was compared. The predominant viral structural polypeptides in the purified envelope fraction were the env gene-encoded polypeptides gp70, p15(E), and p12(E), whereas, except for p15, there was only a relatively small amount of the gag gene-encoded structural polypeptides in this fraction. PMID- 702640 TI - Evolution of bacteriophage phi X174. IV. Restriction enzyme cleavage map of St-1. AB - The St-1 genome is about 6,050 base pairs in size, approximately 10% larger than phiX174 (5,375 base pairs). The DNA fragments obtained by HincII, HaeIII, and EcoRI digestion were ordered and aligned into a colinear map, and the single BglI cleavage site was located. PMID- 702642 TI - Gene expression and stability of mRNA affected by DNA-arrested synthesis in gene 59, 46, and 47 mutants of bacteriophage T4. AB - The effect of bacteriophage T4 gene 59 mutations (DNA-arrested synthesis) on kinetics of DNA synthesis, gene expression, and stability of mRNA has been studied. When Escherichia coli B was infected by a T4 gene 59 mutant, DNA synthesis proceeded to increase linearly after initiation, but started to decrease at 8 min and was completely arrested at 12 min at 37 degrees C. At various incubation temperatures (20 to 42 degrees C), the initial rates and times of arrest of DNA synthesis were different, but the total amount of DNA synthesized was constant. This result supports the hypothesis that function of gene 59 is required for the conversion of 63S DNA molecules to other replicative intermediates (39). The abnormality in protein synthesis caused by gene 59 mutation is manifested by (i) a delayed shutoff in the expression of early proteins (gene 43, 46, 39, 52, 63, 42-45, and some unidentified proteins), (ii) a reduced rate of late gene expression (gene 34, 37, 18, 20, 23, wac, 24, 22, 38, and 19), and (iii) an absence of cleavage of certain late proteins (23, 24, IPIII and 22 to 23(*), 24(*), IPIII(*), and small fragments). It appears that there was no effect on the expression of gene 33, 55, and 32 by a mutation in gene 59. Results obtained from an addition of rifampin at the prereplicative cycle after infection indicated that mRNA from genes 43, rIIA, 46, 39, 52, and 63 are more stable in T4amC5 (gene 59) than in wild-type-infected cells. mRNA remained functional longer in mutant-infected cells, and this may explain the prolonged synthesis of certain early proteins. The gene expression of other DNA arrested mutants-those in genes 46 and 47-showed a pattern of abnormal protein synthesis similar to that found in gene 59 mutant-infected cells, except more late proteins are synthesized. The gene expression in terms of phage DNA structure is discussed. PMID- 702643 TI - Sporulation-converting bacteriophages for Bacillus pumilus. AB - Thirty-three sporulation-converting bacteriophages for Bacillus pumilus NRS576 were assigned to two apparently unrelated groups on the basis of morphology and antiserum neutralization. Bacterial sporulation mutants responded similarly (conversion or nonconversion) to representatives of both phage groups. Evidence is presented indicating that PMB1 and related phages specify a restriction and/or modification system. PMID- 702644 TI - Absence of phospholipase activity in bacteriophage T4. AB - We assayed phospholipase activity in T4Dt+ and in t mutant phage grown under permissive and restrictive conditions. There was no correlation between the presence of the t+ gene product and phospholipase activity. Phospholipase activity in phage lysates could be attributed to the presence of bacterial debris or to the use of commercial DNase which contains phospholipase. PMID- 702646 TI - Chemical cross-linking of proteins of Semliki Forest virus: virus particles and plasma membranes from BHK-21 cells treated with colchicine or dibucaine. AB - Chemical cross-linking of the proteins of Semliki Forest virus has been performed in virus particles and in baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells infected with Semliki Forest virus. Most of the studies were done with the reversible cross linkers dimethyl 3,3'-thiobis(propionimidate) and dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). The identity of the cross-linked species was determined by two dimensional electrophoresis. The results with virus particles showed extensive cross-linking of the nucleocapsid proteins and the formation of dimers of the two large envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2). Similar patterns for the cross-linked virus proteins were observed in plasma membranes isolated from BHK-21 cells infected with Semliki Forest virus. No cross-linking of the third envelope glycoprotein (E3) was observed. Also, there was no evidence for significant cross linking between host and virus proteins. The addition of colchicine, a drug that disrupts microtubules, to infected BHK-21 cells had no effect on the cross linking of virus proteins in the plasma membrane. In contrast, dibucaine, a local anesthetic, greatly inhibited the formation of envelope dimers (E1-E2) in plasma membranes, but not in virus particles. The implication of these results for the involvement of the cytoskeletal system in the morphogenesis of Semliki Forest virus is discussed. PMID- 702645 TI - Purification and characterization of an early protein (E14K) from adenovirus type 2-infected cells. AB - One adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) early protein, with an apparent molecular weight of 14,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (E14K), was purified to homogeneity. Purification involved fractionation of cytoplasmic extracts, precipitation at low pH, and DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The yield was around 12 microgram of purified protein per 10(9) HeLa cells. The two Ad2 DNA binding proteins with molecular weights of 75,000 and 45,000 (E75K and E45K) were purified by the same procedure. Tryptic peptide analyses indicated that the E14K protein is unrelated to the DNA binding proteins. The purified E14K protein has a high content of basic amino acids and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.5S in the native state, corresponding to a molecular weight of around 95,000. Pulse-chase experiments suggest that the E14K polypeptide is a primary translation product. Immunoprecipitation with a monospecific antiserum against the E14K protein revealed that it is exclusively localized in the cytoplasm of infected cells. E14K started to be synthesized at 2 hpostinfection, with a maximal rate of synthesis at 4 to 6 h postinfection. Immunoprecipitation of cell extracts from four different Ad2-transformed hamster embryo cell lines revealed that only one (Ad2HE4) of them expresses this protein. The adenovirus-simian virus 40 hybrid virus (Ad2ND1) does not express this protein, suggesting that the gene for the E14K protein is located in the part of the Ad2 genome which is deleted in this hybrid virus. PMID- 702647 TI - Initiation and maintenance of persistent infection by respiratory syncytial virus. AB - Propagation of cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus at nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C) resulted in cytolytic, abortive, or persistent infection, depending on the mutant used to initiate infection. Five mutants from complementation group B produced cytolytic or abortive infections, whereas a single mutant (ts1) from group D and a noncomplbmenting mutant produced persistent infections. The persistently infected culture initiated by mutant ts1 (RS ts1/BS-C-1) has been maintained in serial culture for greater than 100 transfers, and infectious-center assays and immunofluorescent staining indicated that all cells harbored the RS virus genome. RS ts1/BS-C-1 cultures were resistant to superinfection by homologous and some heterologous viruses, and interferon-like activity against some heterologous viruses was present in the culture medium. Small amounts (0.002 to 0.2 PFU/cell) of infectious virus were present in the culture fluid, but autointerfering defective particles were not detected. This released virus formed small plaques and produced persistent infection of BS-C-1 cells at 37 degrees C. The RS ts1/BS C-1 cells contained abundant RS virus antigen internally, but little at the surface, although the cells showed enhanced agglutinability by concanavalin A. Nucleocapsids and the 41,000-molecular-weight nucleoprotein were present in extracts of both nucleated and enucleated cells. No infectious RS virus was obtained by transfection of DNA from RS tsl/BS-C-1 cells to susceptible BS-C-1 or feline embryo cells under conditions allowing efficient transfection of a foamy virus proviral DNA. It was concluded that persistent infection was maintained in part by a non-ts variant of RS virus partially defective in maturation. The karyotype of the RS ts1/BS-C-1 culture differed from that of unifected cells. PMID- 702648 TI - Biochemical studies on bovine adenovirus type 3. IV. Transformation by viral DNA and DNA fragments. AB - By the calcium technique, intact DNA of bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV3) was found to transform A31 cells, a clone of BALB/3T3. Transforming activity was resistant to RNase and Pronase but sensitive to DNase. The efficiency of transformation was approximately 5 to 10 foci per mug of DNA. Attempts were also made to test for transforming activity of BAV3 DNA fragments prepared with restriction endonucleases EcoRI and HindIII. The activity was found to associate exclusively with the EcoRI D fragment mapped in the region of 3.6 and 19.7 units (molecular weight, 3.9 x 10(6)). No transformation could be obtained with three HindIII fragments, J, E, and B, located at the left-hand end of the BAV3 genome. However, the enzymatic joining of J and E fragments (0 to 11.9 map units) with a ligase restored the transforming activity. These results suggest that all the genetic information of BAV3 required for transformation is located in the region between 3.6 and 11.9 units on the viral genome. Some properties of A31 cells transformed by BAV3 DNA EcoRI D fragment (TrD) and the ligated DNA of HindIII J and E fragments (TrJE), as well as those transformed by whole BAV3 DNA (Tr), were examined. As compared to untransformed A31 cells, all the transformed cell lines tested showed rapid growth, high saturation densities, and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, they contained BAV3-specific T antigen and induced tumors in adult nude and BALB/c mice. These properties of Tr, TrD, and TrJE lines were similar to those of BAV3-transformed cells. PMID- 702649 TI - Transcription map for adenovirus type 12 DNA. AB - The regions of the adenovirus type 12 genome which encode l- and r-strand specific cytoplasmic RNA were mapped by the following procedure. Radioactive, intact, separated complementary strands of the viral genome were hybridized to saturating amounts of unlabeled late cytoplasmic RNA. The segments of each DNA strand complementary to the RNA were then purified by S1 nuclease digestion of the hybrids. The arrangement of the coding regions of each strand was deduced from the pattern of hybridization of these probes to unlabeled viral DNA fragments produced by digestion with EcoRI, BamHI, and HindIII.. The resulting map is similar, if not identical, to that of adenovirus type 2. The subset of the late cytoplasmic RNA sequences which are expressed at early times were located on the map by hybridizing labeled, early cytoplasmic RNA to both unlabeled DNA fragments and unlabeled complementary strands of specific fragments. Early cytoplasmic RNA hybridized to the r-strand to EcoRI-C and BamHI-B and to the l strand of BamHI-E. Hybridization to BamHI-C was also observed. The relative rates of accumulation of cytoplasmic RNA complementary to individual restriction fragments was measured at both early and late times. Early during infection, most of the viral RNA appearing in the cytoplasm was derived from the molecular ends of the genome. Later (24 to 26 h postinfection) the majority of the newly labeled cytoplasmic RNA was transcribed from DNA sequences mapping between 25 and 60 map units on the genome. PMID- 702650 TI - Properties of a persistent viral infection: possible lysogeny by an enveloped nonlytic mycoplasmavirus. AB - MVL2, an enveloped double-stranded DNA mycoplasmavirus, causes a nonlytic infection of Acholeplasma laidlawii leading to the establishment of a persistent infection. Persistently infected clones were found to be resistant to superinfection by homologous virus, but could be infected by heterologous virus. Cells in a persistently infected culture had the potential to produce virus and transmitted this potential as a stable heritable trait. Mitomycin C and UV light induced an increase in infectious centers in persistently infected cultures. PMID- 702651 TI - Anomalous behavior of bacteriophage lambda polypeptides in polyacrylamide gels: resolution, identification, and control of the lambda rex gene product. AB - The resolution of lambia proteins was compared on the two types of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels commonly in use. The two kinds of gel differ essentially in the ratio of the cross-linker, N'-N-bismethylene-acrylamide (bisacrylamide), to acrylamide monomer. Several lambda proteins migrate relatively more slowly in gels with high bisacrylamide/acrylamide ratios (HB gels) than in gels with low ratios, although the two types of gel are of roughly equivalent porosity. This effect is illustrated by a change in relative position of both the Rex and Int proteins, with apparent increases in molecular weight of about 8 and 15%, respectively, in the HB gels. This work confirms that like repressor and Int, the 28.5-kilodalton protein, identified as Rex on HB gels, is postively regulated by the lambdacII and cIII products and negatively controlled Cro. An intact y site is required for Rex and repressor expression after infection, whereas their synthesis in a lysogen is dependent upon a functional maintenance promoter, Prm. PMID- 702652 TI - Analysis of immunoprecipitated surface glycoproteins in measles virions and in membranes of infected cells. AB - Measles viral envelope proteins were immune precipitated from membranes of infected cells and from purified virus and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under reducing conditions, specific precipitates contained two major polypeptide bands, designated virus glycopeptides 1 and 2 (VGP-1 and VGP 2). Both polypeptides appeared to be glycosylated, as indicated by their incorporation of [(14)C]glucosamine in infected cells. VGP-2 appeared as a single band in specific precipitates of infected cells and as a double band in precipitates of purified virus. Trypsin treatment of infected cells showed that reduced VGP-2 may be composed of two unrelated polypeptides. One may be F(1), which is unglycosylated, and the other may correspond to the proteolytic cleavage product of VGP-1, which is glycosylated. The relation of VGP-1 and VGP-2 to smaller surface antigens (X and Y) obtained by tryptic treatment of infected cells remains to be elucidated. In cells taken at various times postinfection and analyzed for viral membrane proteins, VGP-1 was detected at all times, indicating that the input virus VGP-1 was inserted into the cell and could not be differentiated from newly synthesized VGP-1. VGP-2 was not detectable before 24 h postinfection. In precipitates of cells 4 h postinfection and of infected cells incubated at pH 5.8, an additional polypeptide band migrated immediately ahead of VGP-1. We conclude that VGP-2 (molecular weight, 42,000) possibly consists of two components, one of which is the tryptic cleavage product of VGP-1 and the other of which is the unglycosylated polypeptide, F(1). PMID- 702653 TI - Transcription and translation of Newcastle disease virus mRNA's in vitro. AB - Transcription directed in vitro by Triton-activated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was stimulated and prolonged by the presence of cytoplasmic extracts of animal cells. The RNA products closely resembled those of NDV transcription in vivo by several criteria: binding to oligodeoxythymidylic acid-cellulose, the mobility and relative abundance of each major band resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the ability to direct the accurate cell-free synthesis of polypeptides corresponding to the NDV proteins HN, F0/F1, NP, and M. Synthesis of a novel polypeptide related to NP but of higher apparent molecular weight was also detected. These results indicated that cell-free transcription under these conditions was a close facsimile of NDV transcription in vivo. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo, NDV polypeptides were synthesized in nonequimolar amounts which reflected the order of the genes in the transcriptional map: NP, F0, M, (47K, HN), L. Strains AV and HP, virulent strains which have differences in biological activities, exhibited differences in the polypeptides synthesized in infected cells and in cell-free systems. PMID- 702654 TI - Homologous interference mediated by defective interfering influenza virus derived from a temperature-sensitive mutant of influenza virus. AB - A temperature-sensitive group II mutant of influenza virus, ts-52, with a presumed defect in viral RNA synthesis, readily produced von Magnus-type defective interfering virus (DI virus) when passed serially (four times) at high multiplicity in MDBK cells. The defective virus (ts-52 DI virus) had a high hemagglutinin and a low infectivity titer, and strongly interfered with the replication of standard infectious viruses (both ts-52 and wild-type ts+) in co infected cells. Progeny virus particles produced by co-infection of DI virus and infectious virus were also defective and also had low infectivity, high hemagglutinating activity, and a strong interfering property. Infectious viruses ts+ and ts-52 were indistinguishable from ts-52 DI viruses by sucrose velocity or density gradient analysis. Additionally, these viruses all possessed similar morphology. However, when the RNA of DI viruses was analyzed by use of polyacrylamide gels containing 6 M urea, there was a reduction in the amount of large RNA species (V1 to V4), and a number of new smaller RNA species (D1 to D6) with molecular weights ranging from 2.9 X 10(5) to 1.05 X 10(5) appeared. Since these smaller RNA species (D1 to D6) were absent in some clones of infectious viruses, but were consistently associated with DI viruses and increased during undiluted passages and during co-infection of ts-52 with DI virus, they appeared to be a characteristic of DI viruses. Additionally, the UV target size of interfering activity and infectivity of DI virus indicated that interfering activity was 40 times more resistant to UV irradiation than was infectivity, further implicating small RNA molecules in interference. Our data suggest that the loss of infectivity observed among DI viruses may be due to nonspecific loss of a viral RNA segment(s), and the interfering property of DI viruses may be due to interfering RNA segments (DIRNA, D1 to D6). ts-52 DI virus interfered with the replication of standard virus (ts+) at both permissive (34 degrees C) and nonpermissive temperatures. The infectivity of the progeny virus was reduced to 0.2% for ts+ and 0.05% for ts-52 virus without a reduction in hemagglutinin titer. Interference was dependent on the concentration of DI virus. A particle ratio of 1 between DI virus (0.001 PFU/cell) and infectious virus (1.0 PFU/cell) produced a maximal amount of interference. Infectious virus yield was reduced 99.9% without any reduction of the yield of DI viruses Interference was also dependent on the time of addition of DI virus. Interference was most effective within the first 3 h of infection by infectious virus, indicating interference with an early function during viral replication. PMID- 702655 TI - Identification of lysis protein E of bacteriophage phiX174. AB - The product of gene E, the lysis gene of phiX174, has been identified as a distinct band in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electropherogram. The position of the band is consistent with the molecular weight of 10,589 calculated from the nucleotide sequence of the gene. The band is eliminated by a nonsense mutation in gene E. It is estimated that roughly 100 to 300 molecules of E protein are made in an infected cell; this appears to be less than one-tenth the amount of protein made by gene D, in which gene E is wholly contained. PMID- 702656 TI - Small viral RNA segment of bunyaviruses codes for viral nucleocapsid protein. AB - Tryptic peptide analyses have been undertaken on the nucleocapsid (N) protein of snowshoe hare (SSH) and La Crosse (LAC) bunyaviruses. Similar analyses have been performed on the N proteins of two recombinant viruses which have the large/medium/small RNA genome configurations: SSH/LAC/LAC and SSH/LAC/SSH. The results provide conclusive evidence that the S RNA of bunyaviruses codes for the the viral N protein. PMID- 702657 TI - Absence of detectable capping and methylating enzymes in influenza virions. AB - In the presence of Mg(2+) and a specific dinucleotide primer (ApG or GpG), the influenza virion transcriptase synthesizes the eight discrete segments of complementary RNA (cRNA) containing polyadenylic acid (Plotch and Krug, J. Virol. 21:24-34, 1977). Virions were examined for their ability to cap and methylate cRNA containing di- or triphosphorylated 5' termini. By using the primers ppApG, pppApG, or ppGpG, viral cRNA was synthesized in vitro with [alpha-(32)P]-GTP and S-[methyl-(3)H]adenosylmethionine as labeled precursors. DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of the RNase T2 digest of the cRNA product demonstrated no (3)H incorporation at all and the absence of a (32)P-labeled cap structure. The 5' terminus of ppApG-primed cRNA could be capped and methylated by enzymes from vaccinia virus, indicating that the two 5'-terminal phosphates derived from the primer were preserved in the product cRNA. The cap structure formed by the vaccinia enzymes and released by RNase T2 digestion as m(7)GpppA(m)pGp was radioactively labeled at its 3'-terminal phosphate only when [alpha-(32)P]CTP was used as the labeled precursor during transcription. This indicates that the 5' terminal sequence of the cRNA is ppApGpC and that, therefore, ppApG most probably initiates transcription exactly at the 3' GpCpU(OH) terminus of the virion RNA templates. Virions were also tested for their ability to cap and methylate ppApG in the absence of transcription. No such activities were detected, whereas under the same conditions the vaccinia virus enzymes successfully capped and methylated this compound. Consequently, these experiments, together with those reported earlier, have not detected in influenza virions any capping and methylating enzymes active on the 5'-initiated termini of viral cRNA chains synthesized in vitro, whether these termini possess one, two, or three phosphates. Some mechanism for capping and methylation of viral cRNA must, however, exist, because the viral mRNA (cRNA) synthesized in the infected cell contains 5'-terminal methylated cap structures (Krug et al., J. Virol. 20:45-53, 1976). Possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 702658 TI - Origin of the minor glycoproteins of murine leukemia viruses. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis and immunoprecipitation were used to study glycoproteins from purified Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) and from AKR thymic lymphoblastoid cell membranes. In addition to gp70, a minor glycoprotein of approximately 52,000 daltons (gp52) was demonstrated in purified R-MuLV preparations, which was antigenically related to gp70. Analysis of R-MuLV glycopeptides obtained after exhaustive Pronase digestion showed that gp70 has at least two different glycopeptide size classes with molecular weights of 5,100 and 2,900, respectively. gp52, however, contained only a single glycopeptide size class of approximately 5,100 daltons, indicating that the two glycoproteins contain distinct carbohydrate components. Trypsin treatment of R-MuLV converted gp70 into a product with a molecular mass of approximately 52,000 daltons as well as a 45,000-dalton minor product, with little effect on virus infectivity. Similarly, trypsin treatment of 125I-labeled glycoproteins derived from AKR mouse lymphoblastoid cell membranes generated fragments antigenically related to gp70 and similar in size to those obtained by trypsin treatment of R-MuLV. In both cases, the appearance of cleavage products was accompanied by a decrease in gp70 during trypsin treatment. The occurrence of glycosylated components antigenically related to gp70 in AKR membrane glycoprotein preparations and in purified R-MuLV preparations which were similar to those generated by trypsin treatment supports the concept that these minor components arise from proteolytic cleavage of gp70. PMID- 702659 TI - Effects of magnesium oxide on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis. AB - The effect of oral administration of magnesium oxide on the crystallization in urine of calcium oxalate and brushite was determined in 4 cases of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Each patient was evaluated while on a constant metabolic diet before, during and after therapy with magnesium (1,000 mg. magnesium as magnesium oxide per day). During magnesium therapy urinary hydrogen ion concentration increased by approximately 0.5 unit in all 4 patients and urinary calcium increased about 50 mg. per day in 2. Urinary oxalate decreased significantly in 1 patient and urinary phosphorus was reduced in 2. The urinary activity product ratio of brushite (state of saturation) increased, owing largely to the rise in urinary hydrogen ion concentration but that of calcium oxalate was not changed significantly by magnesium treatment. Although urinary magnesium increased significantly there was no significant change in the urinary formation product ratio (limit of metastability) or the rate of crystal growth of brushite or calcium oxalate. Thus, no beneficial effect of magnesium therapy could be demonstrated in this short-term study. PMID- 702660 TI - Staged ureterocolocolostomy urinary diversion. AB - Disappointing long-term experience with the ureterosigmoidostomy and ileal loop diversion has prompted our use of a staged ureterocolocolostomy in 3 adults with a good prognosis. Creation of a non-refluxing colon conduit was followed by conduit take-down and end-to-side colocolostomy 4 to 8 months later, when satisfactory loop function was documented (that is absence of reflux, obstruction and infection). Followup has shown stable renal function and electrolyte balance, as well as urinary/fecal continence. The staged ureterocolocolostomy, as opposed to the primary ureterosigmoidostomy, allows the partially obstructed urinary tract to decompress isolated from the fecal stream, may be used with established pyelonephritis, permits confirmation of the non-refluxing nature of the ureterocolic anastomosis prior to colocolostomy and may have a lower incidence of electrolyte imbalance. The staged procedure is contraindicated in patients with a poor prognosis, previously irradiated rectosigmoid, fecal incontinence or poor anal sphincter tone, inflammatory large bowel disease, inadequate ureteral length and strong family history of colon cancer. PMID- 702661 TI - General resorption of intravesically instilled 5-fluorouracil. AB - To evaluate the resorption of intravesically instilled 5-fluorouracil a single dose of 250 or 1,000 mg. was injected into the empty bladder for 3 hours in 17 patients. The concentration of 5-fluorouracil in serum during instillation was recorded. A microbiologic agar plate method was used for the assay. No measurable 5-fluorouracil concentrations were recorded in the systemic blood of patients with undamaged bladder mucosa and low levels (less than 100 ng./ml. serum) of 5 fluorouracil were found in the systemic circulation of patients with mucosal lesions. PMID- 702662 TI - Corpus cavernosogram in the evaluation of carcinoma of the penis. AB - Treatment of carcinoma of the penis depends on the stage of the tumor, which is mainly clinical. A corpus cavernosogram was used preoperatively in 10 patients with carcinoma of the penis to assess the involvement of the corpus cavernosum, which is an important criterion in staging. In all 10 patients the involvement could be assessed correctly by this procedure, which was later confirmed by histology, and there were no complications. This is a safe, simple and valuable procedure to obtain additional information to stage correctly penile tumors preoperatively and plan the level of resection during penectomy. PMID- 702663 TI - Effect of amylase on sperm motility and viability. AB - The effect of increasing concentrations of amylase on the percentage of active spermatozoa, the quality of their motility and the percentage of viable cells was studied in semen samples in vitro. The amount of amylase needed to liquefy viscous semen samples in vitro also was determined. The percentage of active spermatozoa and viable cells, and the quality of sperm motility were altered in relationship to the amylase levels. Significant decreases in these parameters compared to control values were seen at the higher concentrations of amylase. The lowest level of amylase did not alter these parameters significantly and was sufficient to liquefy 80 per cent of the viscous semen samples. Amylase appears to be effective at low concentrations for use in liquefying viscous semen samples, thus making them easier to analyze during routine semen examination. The level of amylase used and the interval between addition and analysis must be controlled carefully. PMID- 702664 TI - Leydig cell function in oligospermic men with varicocele. PMID- 702665 TI - Cell-mediated immune competence in patients with prostatic carcinoma. AB - The immune competence of 65 patients with prostatic cancer was evaluated by 2 in vivo and 2 in vitro tests to study the contribution of host factors to the progress of the disease. Patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy served as controls. Our results indicate that the delayed skin hypersensitivity response to common microbial recall antigens (streptokinase/streptodornase, purified protein derivative, dermatophytin 0 and dermatophytin) is unaltered in advanced stages of malignancy. The ability to be sensitized by dinitrochlorobenzene declines significantly in patients with metastatic disease. Blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin stimulation is not depressed in late stages of malignancy, although in the circulating T cells per cent and absolute values are somewhat lower in patients with metastases. Herein we show that immune competence (measured by the 4 tests) of patients with prostatic carcinoma does not decrease markedly even in the late stages of the disease. Primary sensitization to dinitrochlorobenzene is the only test showing a decline in responsiveness related to the tumor stage. PMID- 702666 TI - Hospital-associated candiduria: predisposing factors and review of the literature. AB - A series is presented of 98 patients with hospital-acquired candiduria identified by continual nosocomial infection surveillance. Analysis of the differences between case-matched controls and 20 patients indicated that there were significant increases in the duration of prior Foley catheterization (12 versus 6 days), length of time on multiple antibiotics (16 versus 7 days) and length of total hospitalization of the infected group. Review of the infected patients' charts showed that the indications for bladder catheterization and use of antibiotics were usually explicitly stated and considered valid. The English literature on primary Candida urinary tract infections is reviewed and future approaches to the problem are summarized. PMID- 702667 TI - Significance of pyuria in urinary sediment. AB - Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment to determine the degree of pyuria is an accepted method to screen for urinary tract infection. We investigated the significance of pyuria in relation to the method of specimen acquistion, number of white blood cells and isolation of pathogens on culture. Only 36 per cent of our patients with more than 10 white blood cells per high power field on examination of the first random specimen had more than 10 white blood cells per high power field when a repeat clean catch midstream specimen was examined, and only 20 per cent of the patients had more than 10(5) pathogens per ml. on culture. However, the finding of more than 10 white blood cells per high power field on a clean catch mid stream specimen indicated more than 10(5) pathogens per ml. in 40 per cent of the cases. The use of a higher threshold for significant pyuria (more than 20 white blood cells per high power field) on examination of a random specimen increased the incidence of more than 10(5) bacteriuria found in specimens with initial pyuria by 43 per cent and represents the additional detection of 8.7 per cent of the total poputation studied. These data indicate that when screening for pyuria and infection one should either obtain a clean catch midstream specimen for examination of urinary sediment or increase the threshold for significant pyuria on a random specimen. PMID- 702668 TI - Significance of hematuria after trauma. AB - There were 142 consecutive patients with post-traumatic hematuria evaluated prospectively during a 7-month period. Of these 142 cases 22 involved penetrating injuries and 120 were secondary to blunt trauma. There were 19 patients with 24 demonstrable genitourinary injuries at urologic injury. Only 8 of the 142 patients required an operation for the urologic injuries. The degree of hematuria did not correlate with the severity of injury. Liberal use of arteriography and renal scanning is proposed to delineate precisely the urologic injury. PMID- 702669 TI - Computed tomography of the pelvis. AB - The computed tomography scan has revealed the location and size of abnormal pelvic masses as an adjunct to other diagnostic studies. We have extended its usefulness by air distension of the bladder, which accommodates to adjacent structures and, therby, highlights abnormalities in its own wall and in other organs. The patients are prepared according to a simple routine. As we attempt further economy and efficiency the cost of each study becomes justified by the information gained. PMID- 702670 TI - Iglesias articulated endoscopy teaching attachment. AB - A new articulated teaching attachment with a single joint is described. The attachment allows a 360-degree rotation in 3 planes (sagittal, horizontal and frontal) by the 3 rotary unions at the single joint with only 2 tubes. Simultaneous observation by 2 persons and the operator is achieved by combining 2 of these optical units. The attachment may be sterilized by soaking. It can be dismantled for cleaning and for replacement of any damaged parts. Finally, it facilitates taking still photographs, movies and television endoscopy without interference to the operator. PMID- 702671 TI - Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and dyssynergic responses: recognition and rationale for early modified transurethral sphincterotomy in complete spinal cord injury lesions. AB - Some characteristics are described for detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and the dyssynergic response in spinal injury patients with complete lesions. The urodynamic evaluation and clinical problems are analyzed in 53 patients to identify the importance of early recognition of sphincter dyssynergia. Cystomanometric and urethral profile pressures vary from 30 to 150 cm. water. Although high voiding pressure, particularly associated with autonomic dysreflexia, may be indicative of sphincter dyssynergia it is not diagnostic. Relevant characteristics of patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia are 1) rhythmic detrusor contractions on cystomanometry with associated marked increase in electromyographic activity on attempted voiding. These characteristics enable early recognition of dyssynergia and afford expediency in its management. The modified approach to external sphincterotomy as practiced by the author provides optimal surgical approach for urological rehabilitation of dyssynergic patients. Thus, the rationale for characterization of dyssynergia and its management by modified sphincterotomy can help to terminate long-term intermittent catheterization, remove indwelling catheter, prevent renal damage and ameliorate autonomic dysreflexia. PMID- 702672 TI - Short stay surgery in pediatric urology. AB - Short stay surgery represents an innovation in the delivery and cost of medical care. The short stay surgical unit at the Children's Hospital of Michigan has provided urologic care for 311 children during the most recent 12 months of its operation. Eighteen patients (5.7 per cent) required postoperative hospitalization. No children have required rehospitalization after discharge from the short stay unit. Short stay surgery in pediatric urology has resulted in more economic and efficient use of hospital facilities and has decreased cost per procedure. Morbidity has not increased. Short stay surgery is well accepted by the child, parent and referring physician, and has not posed problems for the operating surgeons. Short stay urologic surgery is safe and applicable to many diagnostic and therapeutic urologic surgical procedures. PMID- 702673 TI - Renal pseudotumor on urography secondary to gallbladder empyema. AB - A case of gallbladder empyema is presented, which opacified initially on excretory urography and then on nephrotomography, mimicking a renal mass. Correct diagnosis was accomplished by angiography and ultrasound examination. With normal renal function gallbladder visualization on urography is indicative of a gallbladder abnormality. PMID- 702674 TI - Single vaginal ectopic ureter: a case report. AB - The seventh case of a female subject with a single, unilateral ectopic ureter draining to the vagina is reported. The renal unit was located in the renal fossa, wheras in 3 of the 7 cases reported it was within the pelvis. Although ectopia with ureteral duplication is not an uncommon anomaly the single ectopic ureter in the female subject is the rarest form of ureteral ectopia. Use of phenazopyridine hydrochloric acid as an excertory marker was most helpful in locating the vaginal orifice. PMID- 702675 TI - Management of the unsuspected ectopic ureterocele. AB - Five cases of ectopic ureteroceles associated with non-functioning upper pole segments are presented. Diagnosis was not made until the time of operation for correction of vesicoureteral reflux or decompression of the upper tracts through a flank approach. Options in the management of this problem are discussed. PMID- 702676 TI - The asphyxiated bladder as a cause of delayed micturition in the newborn. AB - Although delayed micturition in the immediate newborn period is ofter a normal physiologic variation it may be associated with pathological states leading to a decrease in urine formation or reduction of urine flow. Recently, 5 newborns subjected to severe perinatal stress were seen, who exhibited delayed micturition despite adequate urine formation and no evidence of gross anatomic abnormalities. These patients presented with distended bladders that could be maneuvered easily by Crede's method. We believe that these cases represent a heretofore undescribed asphyxiated bladder syndrome and suggest consideration of such a diagnosis when bladder distension occurs subsequent to an asphyxial event. In male newborns it is important to differentiate this syndrome from posterior urethral valves and if urine is not expressed easily one should consider early intervention with diagnostic studies and, perhaps, suprapubic drainage. PMID- 702677 TI - Anaerobic infection as a consequence of transrectal prostatic biopsy. AB - Reports on large series of prostatic needle biopsies have revealed many and varied complications but none has described anaerobic bacteremia as a complication. Herein are reported 2 such cases, with a discussion of the etiology various altered host factors and therapeutic modalities important to anaerobic infections. The consideration of anaerobic infection in the febrile patient after transrectal prostatic biopsy is emphasized. PMID- 702679 TI - Non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 702680 TI - Tumors of testis in elderly men. PMID- 702678 TI - Probable endometrial carcinoma of the prostate, crossed renal ectopia and dermatomyositis in a 32-year-old man. AB - An unusual type of prostatic carcinoma associated with crossed renal ectopia and dermatomyositis is reported in a young man. Infiltration by an epithelial tumor filled the enlarged prostate with soft papillary masses. Cystoprostatectomy and removal of a single large pelvic lymph node metastasis were done. Histologically, the tumor resembled endometrial carcinoma and may have arisen from paramesonephric tissue in the prostate. Large amounts of immunoglobulins were found in the tumor tissue. The patient has survived for more than 5 years, although a slow growing urethral recurrence has been noted. PMID- 702681 TI - Self-retained internal ureteral stents. PMID- 702682 TI - Lessons from Love Canal. PMID- 702683 TI - Bladder problems in MS call for diagnostic testing. PMID- 702684 TI - Environmental and familial clues sought to MS. PMID- 702685 TI - From the NIH: Study shows synovectomy of little use in arthritis treatment, does not prevent articular damage. PMID- 702686 TI - From the NIH: More environmental scientists needed for testing and research on causes of toxicity in compounds. PMID- 702687 TI - The value of microscopic examination of urinary sediment. PMID- 702689 TI - Inhibition by raw eggs of vitamin B12 absorption. PMID- 702688 TI - The case of the triangular foreign body. PMID- 702690 TI - Left-coronary-artery to left-ventricle fistula. PMID- 702691 TI - Chromium supplementation and diabetes. PMID- 702692 TI - Enterobius in an unusual location. PMID- 702693 TI - Malpractice suits. PMID- 702694 TI - Academic viability of family medicine. PMID- 702695 TI - Severe bradycardia with clonidine. PMID- 702696 TI - Thyroid hormones in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. PMID- 702697 TI - The cost of maternity care in rural hospitals. PMID- 702698 TI - Coronary angiogram interpretation. Interobserver variability. AB - Clinicopathological correlation of premortem coronary angiograms and postmortem data was performed to determine the degree of interobserver variability in the clinical interpretation of coronary angiograms using the pathological findings as the standard of accuracy. Comparison of the independent interpretations of the antemortem coronary angiograms by three cardiologists showed no substantial difference in overall diagnostic accuracy among the three observers. In the majority of instances where a substantial angiographic lesion was found on coronary angiography, it was verified pathologically. In false-positive or false negative interpretations, a majority opinion was accurate when compared with a pathological lesion in 50% of the instances. Despite the fact that coronary angiography is an excellent diagnostic tool, there remain limitations of the accuracy of interpretation not solved by a majority opinion. PMID- 702699 TI - Lung tomography in cancer patients. Full-lung tomograms in screening for pulmonary metastases. AB - In a retrospective study of the cases of 415 patients with various malignant neoplasms, full-lung tomography and conventional chest roentgenography were compared for accuracy in the detection of pulmonary metastases. Sufficient information was available on 410 patients to permit confirmation as to whether pulmonary metastases were present at the time of screening chest roentgenographic and tomographic examinations. On screening by routine chest roentgenography, metastases were detected in 36 patients, 66.7% of the total with confirmed metastatic disease. Screening by full-lung tomography identified metastases in 51 (94.4%). Fifteen patients with normal chest roentgenograms had metastatic lesions on tomograms. Metastases were detected in 8.8% by chest roentgenograms and in 12.4% by tomograms in a population of cancer patients with a 13.2% incidence of pathologically confirmed metastatic lesions. PMID- 702700 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Complication of LeVeen peritoneovenous shunts. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurred in three of five patients after insertion of a LeVeen shunt for intractable ascites. Four episodes of DIC in these patients ranged in severity from progressive and life-threatening to transient and asymptomatic. Interruption of the shunt in two patients stopped the DIC. Careful monitoring for DIC following shunt insertion allows rational decisions to protect the patient against life-threatening hemorrhage or thrombosis. Disseminated intravascular coagulation occurred in two patients during a trial intravenous infusion of ascites and occurred in one patient even when the surgical procedure was modified to minimize the volume and rate of the infused ascites. PMID- 702701 TI - Gentamicin tissue accumulation and nephrotoxic reactions. AB - In 64 adults treated with gentamicin sulfate, peak and trough serum concentrations rose gradually and declined in two phases after the final dose. Seventeen patients experienced renal damage. The 17 patients had greater amounts of gentamicin in tissues even after the first dose and before any renal effects were noted. This pharmacokinetics analysis provided evidence that patients who experience gentamicin-related nephrotoxic effects while receiving recommended doses of gentamicin could be distinguished from patients with no toxic effects because they experienced abnormal tissue accumulation before detectable changes in renal function occurred. PMID- 702702 TI - The quality of perinatal care in small rural hospitals. AB - Iowa birth and mortality statistics were reviewed to ascertain the outcome of perinatal care provided in hospitals with different-sized obstetric services. Although the data do not resolve the issue of the minimum number of deliveries necessary to ensure quality perinatal services, they do suggest that hospitals with small maternity services (fewer than 500 deliveries per year) can achieve acceptable perinatal outcomes when appropriate high-risk screening and prenatal referral occur. PMID- 702703 TI - Aortoesophageal fistula. Late complication after repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm. PMID- 702704 TI - Dislocation and component separation of the Bateman hip endoprosthesis. PMID- 702705 TI - Endobronchial metastasis of uterine leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 702706 TI - Accessory spleen in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 702707 TI - American Medical Association membership. PMID- 702708 TI - Quality and cost. PMID- 702709 TI - Neonate with abdominal calcifications. PMID- 702710 TI - Hyperventilation syndrome. A brief review. PMID- 702711 TI - Emerging trend: new therapy for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 702712 TI - What about medical therapy alone? PMID- 702713 TI - Brainstem abnormality may characterize SIDS victims. PMID- 702714 TI - Attempts at vasospasm control. PMID- 702715 TI - Hazards of mercury vapor lamps. PMID- 702716 TI - Hyperparathyroidism vs arteriovenous fistula as cause of 'clubbing'. PMID- 702717 TI - Schistosomiasis in Hmong people. PMID- 702718 TI - Spatulous fingers vs clubbed fingers. PMID- 702720 TI - Annular constriction of the penis--the tourniquet syndrome. PMID- 702719 TI - Risk of myocardial infarction with elective vascular surgery. PMID- 702721 TI - Recurrent venous thrombosis. PMID- 702722 TI - Treatment of fracture dislocations of the spine. PMID- 702723 TI - Teenage sex and the librarian. PMID- 702724 TI - Hereditary angioedema. PMID- 702725 TI - Malignant neoplasm in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. PMID- 702726 TI - Cessation of cigarette smoking and pulmonary disease. PMID- 702727 TI - Scintigraphic assessment of left ventricular aneurysms. AB - Thirty-five patients with coronary artery disease and possible left ventricular aneurysm underwent routine clinical examination, gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy, and radionuclide cineangiography. Thirty-three of the 35 patients had coronary angiography and contrast left ventriculography. Sixteen patients had segmental left ventricular akinesia or dyskinesia, and 17 demonstrated left ventricular hypokinesis on contrast ventriculograms. Two patients had aneurysm confirmed at autopsy. Routine clinical evaluation was not sufficient to separate patients with aneurysm from those with hypokinesis. Radionuclide cineangiography correctly identified all cases of aneurysm or hypokinesis. The cinescintigraphic technique was preferable to the gated cardiac blood pool technique for qualitatively assessing and classifying abnormal ventricular wall motion. There was good correlation of the left ventricular ejection fraction by contrast ventriculograms and gated scintigrams in patients with either aneurysm or hypokinesis. PMID- 702728 TI - Impairment of hemostasis in patients with severe hemophilia. Failure of diphenhydramine, chlorpromazine, and guaifenesin. AB - Twenty-three patients with severe hemophilia were given single or multiple doses of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, or guaifenesin to test their effects on hemostasis. In contrast with earlier studies with aspirin, bleeding times were not prolonged after ingestion of these three drugs. No patient had hemorrhage because of the drugs, and none recalled excessive bleeding following drug ingestion. These results greatly extend the clinical implications of prior observations carried out in normal subjects demonstrating that many antiplatelet drugs have no effects on in vivo hemostasis. We conclude that these drugs are probably safe for patients with bleeding disorders like hemophilia. PMID- 702729 TI - Access to employee exposure and medical records. A statement of the American Medical Association to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PMID- 702730 TI - A Regional Specialty Society as a model to monitor surgical care. PMID- 702731 TI - The accuracy of the medical record as an index of outpatient drug therapy. AB - The records of 355 patients in outpatient clinics at Madison Veterans Administration Hospital were reviewed and compared with pharmacy files of the same patients. The records were evaluated for completeness and accuracy, with regard to the names, dosage, and directions for drugs ordered by the clinic physician. Twenty-one percent of the charts omitted the name of one or more drugs prescribed by the physicians, and 62% of the charts contained inaccuracies regarding dosage or directions. Documentation of potentially toxic drugs was not significantly different from that of less toxic drugs (p greater than .05). PMID- 702732 TI - Neuroleptics. Violence as a manifestation of akathisia. PMID- 702733 TI - Pagetic pain--a phonetic discomfort. PMID- 702734 TI - Zinc interference with copper metabolism. PMID- 702735 TI - An element of pleasure. PMID- 702736 TI - Health evaluation of energy-generating sources. AMA Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 702737 TI - New microscope techniques take the stage. PMID- 702738 TI - Pentazocine reclassified in Illinois. PMID- 702739 TI - Illinois Dangerous Drug Commission. PMID- 702740 TI - Medical communication via satellite. PMID- 702741 TI - How physicians use laboratory tests. PMID- 702742 TI - Vertigo following whiplash--vertebral artery injury? PMID- 702743 TI - Ventricular tachycardia after terbutaline. PMID- 702744 TI - Computerized axial tomography and acute renal failure. PMID- 702745 TI - Dangerous to your health. PMID- 702746 TI - Digoxin serum levels. PMID- 702747 TI - Genetic diversity in hemoglobins. PMID- 702748 TI - A lesson from Chinese medicine. The humanitarian imperative. PMID- 702749 TI - The Russian flu. Its history and implications for this year's influenza season. AB - From November 1977 through mid-January 1978 the population younger than 25 years in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics experienced a widespread epidemic of mild influenza (Russian flu) caused by an H1N1 virus similar to the virus that circulated worldwide during the early 1950s. Outbreaks of Russian flu occurred in school populations and military recruits in the United States starting in mid January. Many other countries reported outbreaks of H1N1 virus in the winter of 1978. Predictions of influenza activity are always hazardous, but most experts believe that the Russian flu may occur again in the fall and winter of 1978. Other type A and B strains may also circulate; therefore, a trivalent vaccine containing A/USSR, A/Texas, and B/Hong Kong virus strains will be available. It is recommended that the chronically ill and those 65 years and older be the target populations for annual vaccination. PMID- 702750 TI - The tricyclic antidepressants. AB - Because only 9.4% of depressions are recognized at initial evaluation by primary physicians, the diagnosis of depression is important. Forty percent of a group of mixed depressions will resolve in a month without treatment, and 70% will resolve with the use of tricyclic antidepressants. Research on plasma levels of tricyclic antidepressants suggest new clinical strategies for adjusting dosages; neurochemical studies may provide an appropriate selection process for choosing a tricyclic antidepressant. PMID- 702751 TI - Normal findings in oral and cholecystokinin cholecystography. AB - Normal findings in oral cholecystography and normal response of the gallbladder to cholecystokinin are established in 200 normal controls. These include absence of right upper quadrant pain in 98.5%, absence of spasm of the body of the gallbladder and of severe spasm in the fundus, a common bile duct diameter of 6 mm or less in those 182 that were visualized, and gallbladder size of less than 11 cm in length in about 97% and less than 4 cm in width in about 97%. If normal contraction occurs after cholecystokinin (or sincalide), an unusually large gallbladder is of no importance. Little or no gallbladder contraction in the presence of normal concentration is probably of no importance. PMID- 702752 TI - Determinism and humanism in modern medicine. PMID- 702754 TI - Thyroglobulin and calcitonin in patients with nontoxic goiter. PMID- 702753 TI - Botulism and guanidine. Ten years later. AB - Guanidine hydrochloride was introduced as an adjunct in the treatment of botulism in 1968. It has been reported to be of benefit in 39 cases and of no benefit in 13 cases. No serious side effects have occurred with the short-term therapy required in botulism. Our two cases are similar to earlier cases in that the improvement seen with quanidine therapy is most notable in ocular muscles and least notable in respiratory muscles. Electrophysiological findings again showed an increase in the amplitude of evoked muscle-action potentials after guanidine administration. PMID- 702755 TI - Suicide by rifampin overdose. PMID- 702756 TI - Acute subdural hematoma with a lucid interval. PMID- 702757 TI - Rhyme and reason. PMID- 702758 TI - Treatment of depression. PMID- 702759 TI - On teaching an old dog new tricks. PMID- 702760 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in the management of hypothermia. PMID- 702761 TI - Treatment of profound hypothermia. PMID- 702762 TI - Clinical use of a protein-sparing modified fast. PMID- 702763 TI - Roentgenographic identification of human remains. PMID- 702764 TI - What to use instead of sleeping pills. PMID- 702765 TI - Clinical aspects of amphetamine abuse. PMID- 702766 TI - Hemodynamic and left ventricular volumic alteration in response to isometric handgrip exercise. PMID- 702767 TI - Effect of atrial fibrillation on coronary circulation and blood flow distribution across the left ventricular wall in anesthetized open-chest dogs. AB - Effects of atrial fibrillation on coronary circulation and on blood flow distribution across the left ventricular wall were studied in anesthetized open chest dogs. Atrial fibrillation was induced by pressing down mechanically the left atrial appendage or by stimulating electrically the left atrial appendage. Heated cross-thermocouples were used for measuring regional myocardial blood flow. The results showed a marked decrease in coronary blood flow with a significant increase in coronary vascular resistance; average values (SD) of flow and resistance during control simus rhythm were 71.6 +/- 7.36 ml/min . 100g heart muscle and 1.38 +/- 0.15 mmHg/ml/min . 100g heart muscle, respectively, and 54.0 +/- 13.60 ml/min . 100g and 1.54 +/- 0.18 mmHg/ml/min . 100gjust prior to cessation of atrial fibrillation. The termination of fibrillation caused a remarkable rise in coronary flow and a fall in coronary resistance. Pacing induced tachycardia, similar to the average ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation, increased coronary blood flow and decreased coronary vascular resistance. These show that active coronary vasodilatation and an increase in extravascular support of coronary bed are produced by atrial fibrillation. Subendocardial myocardial blood flow during atrial fibrillation was reduced 22.0 +/- 14.8% from control levels followed by marked increase in flow after cessation of fibrillation, while subepicardial flow decreased only slightly. Thus, atrial fibrillation itself diminishes coronary flow reserve, especially in the subendocardial layer, partly due to the increase in myocardial component of coronary vascular resistance, and it is possible that irregular ventricular rhythm may play an important part in a rise in extravascular support. PMID- 702768 TI - Circulatory effect of several cerebral circulatory drugs in man, with special reference to aminophylline, papaverine, cyclandelate, vincamine, prostaglandin E1 and isoxsuprine. PMID- 702769 TI - Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium associated with the atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: surgical correction with sepcially designed prosthetic material. AB - Anomalous drainage of the persistent left superior vena cava into the left atrium with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and the atrial septal defect is relatively rare condition, and there reported various kinds of surgical procedures in correction for this lesion. This report describes the original and simple surgical procedure in total correction of these lesions performed in our institute, using a large Dacron patch connected with a knitted Dacron vascular graft in its center. Surgical correction was accomplished by anastomosis of a Dacron draft with the orfice of the persistent left superior vena cava into the left atrium, widening of the atrial septal defect, and reconstruction of a new atrial septum with a Dacron patch. Postoperative cardiac evaluation revealed good condition of blood stream through a Dacron draft from the left superior vena cava to the right atrium, with corrected pulmonary venous drainage into the left atrium without pulmonary venous congestion and superior vena cava syndrome. PMID- 702770 TI - Panel discussion on the variant form of angina pectoris. PMID- 702771 TI - Experimental study on the cause of ventricular aberrant conduction. PMID- 702772 TI - Simulation study of QRS-T waves based on an eccentric spherical model of the heart. AB - The relationship between the difference in the action potential duration in the myocardium and the T wave investigated by a mathematical model of the electrical activity of the heart. In this study we constructed an eccentric spherical model which duplicates the ventricles except for the interventricular septum. Our model is assumed to be composed of the working myocardium and the excitation conduction system which is uniformly distributed on the endocardial surface. The ventricular gradient was defined as a linear decrease (beta msec/cm) of the duration of the action potential from the endocardium to the epicardium according to the concept proposed by Wilson. Theoretical analysis based on this model strongly suggest that the ventricular gradient of 10-40 msec/cm accounts for the normal QRS-T angle since vectorcardiographic analysis have revealed that the QRS-T angle closely correlates with the angle (theta) between the directions of the propagation waves of depolarization and repolarization. The QRST waves in the standard limb and chest leads were calculated from the sum of the time-varying dipoles derived from the action potential, assuming that the heart was in a homogenous conducting medium. Simulated QRS-T waves were compatible with the clinically observed electrocardiograms not only under normal conditions but also with changes in the spacial position of the heart and the wall thickness. Positive T waves were obtained in the left precordial leads when the ventricular gradient was more than 20 msec/cm and when the amplitude of T wave increased with the transmural gradient. Our model also indicates that differences in the velocities of the excitation wave in the conduction system and the working myocardium may affect the polarity of the T wave. PMID- 702773 TI - Effects of diltiazem hydrochloride on renal hemodynamics and urinary electrolyte excretion. AB - Dilitazem hydrochrolide, a potent coronary dilator, was administered in 18 patients to evaluate its effect on renal hemodynamics and urinary electrolyte excretion. Renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and cardiac output were determined in 8 ambulatory patients by means of external counting of radioisotope dilution before and 3 or 4 weeks after the medication. Althoug RBF tended to increase after the therapy, there was no statistically significant change in RBF, GFR and cardiac output. Renal fraction of cardiac output (RBF/CO) showed a significant increase by 29.5% after the therapy, indicating that the renal vascular resistance decreased to a greater extent than the extrarenal vascular resistance. Standard renal clearance was performed in 10 inpatients whom 60 mg of dilitiazem was administered orally. Renal plasma flow (RPF) showed an average increase by 15% 3 hr after the administration of the drug, which was not, however, statistically significant. There was no certain trend for GFR and filtration fraction. Urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) began to increase one hr and reached its peak 2 hr after the medication in 9 out of the 10 patients. It may be concluded that diltiazem has a direct inhibitory action against the renal tubular reabsortion of sodium, although the participation of renal hemodynamics can not be denied. PMID- 702775 TI - Effect of salt loading and calcium antagonist on the pressor response to angiotensin infusion in the rat. AB - Elucidation of mechanisms of angiotensin tachyphylaxis will be necessary for explaning the continuous vasocontricting action of angiotensin in the vascular smooth muscle, which might be closely correlated to the high blood pressure in renin-dependent or vasoconstricting hypertension. From the results obtained sodium loading rats showed not only augmented pressor response to angiotensin but also inhibiting the appearance of its tachphylaxis under the infusion of Ca antagonist dose enough to suppress the response to angiotensin in the rats of water drinking. Speculated mechanisms about this phenomenon has been discussed. PMID- 702776 TI - Sympathetic nerve activity in patients with essential hypertension--a comparison of the activity among patients with labile and stable, or low, normal and high renin essential hypertension. PMID- 702774 TI - Implication of renal prostaglandin E in urinary sodium excretion. AB - To investigate the role of renal prostaglandin in the regulation of sodium metabolism, ruinary prostaglandin E excretion, an indicator of renal prostaglandin synthesis, urinary sodium excretion, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion were measured in 84 normal subjects and 55 patients with essential hypertension on ad lib intake of sodium. The excretion rates of urinary prostaglandin E were 736.8 +/- 32.2 ng/day in normal subjects and 394.3 +/- 28.7 ng/day in essential hypertensives. The excretion rate was significantly decreased in essential hypertensives (P less than 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between urinary sodium excretion and urinary prostaglandin E excretion in normal subjects (r = 0.39, P less than 0.001), and in essential hypertensives (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001). There was no correlation between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and urinary prostaglandin E excretion in normal subjects as well as in essential hypertensives. The present data show that renal prostaglandin might be involved in the renal handling of sodium, and prove the possibility that the decrease of renal prostaglandin synthesis is one of the etiological factors in essential hypertension. PMID- 702777 TI - Plasma norepinephrine levels and hemodynamics in young patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 702778 TI - Storage form of renin in the dog kidney. AB - A large part of renin was revealed to be stored in the remin granules as a soluble but hard to release form. Over 70% of the total renin in the granules could be released when the granules were ruptured by hypo-osmotic shock. Renin release from the isolated granules was limited within 20% of the total renin during incubation at 37C in an isotonic medium. 2. Without mechanical or osmotic shock renin granules were quite stable in a cold isotonic solution. Renin release from the isolated granules was not so much influenced by addition of cations which significantly stimulate renin release in vivo. Some cellular components may be required for the release process of renin from the granules as a mediator. 3. The molecular weight of the stored renin in the granules was shown to be 43,000 which was the regular size. Acidification of the extract of the renin granules altered neither molecular size of renin nor renin activity. PMID- 702779 TI - A study on the spread of excitation in human right ventricular septum using newly designed multi-bipolar electrode catheter. PMID- 702780 TI - [The effect of droperidol on the pulmonary circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 702781 TI - [Effects of endotoxin shock on endocrine system and renal function in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 702782 TI - [Changes in organ blood volume and blood flow following the treatments for hemorrhagic shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 702783 TI - [Does the reduced glutathione have a beneficial effect on shock? (author's transl)]. PMID- 702784 TI - [Experimental studies on cerebrospinal anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702785 TI - [Cesarean section and FDP (author's transl)]. PMID- 702787 TI - [Effects of sodium nitroprusside on the ultrastructure of various organs in dogs- 2. Heart and lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 702786 TI - [Choice of non-depolarizing relaxant in diazepam-pentazocine-nitrous-oxide anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702788 TI - [Effect of acute hypoxia on dog liver and brain adenine nucleotides (author's transl)]. PMID- 702789 TI - [A long term observation on RDS in rat induced by sublethal dosis of endotoxin (author's transl)]. PMID- 702790 TI - [LGL syndrome and anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702791 TI - [A compact multipurpose breathing circuit: an application the anesthesia circle system (author's transl)]. PMID- 702792 TI - [Depth of cognizance on anesthesia in general populace (author's transl)]. PMID- 702793 TI - [Ketamine-diazepam "micro-mini" drip anesthesia with a combination of hypotensive and hypothermic technique for thoracic aortic aneurysm; report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 702794 TI - [Anesthesiological consideration for surgical care of tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 702795 TI - [Enllurane and certain circulatory parameters monitored by noninvasive means in the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 702796 TI - [LVP-aortic blood flow curve as an index of cardiac function (author's transl)]. PMID- 702797 TI - [Cardiac effects of various vasoactive agents in halothane/N2O and enflurane/N2O anesthesia in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 702798 TI - [A comparative study of effects of hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone and bethamethasone on isolated vascular smooth muscle of rabbit aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 702799 TI - [Effects of anesthetics and analgesics on train-of-four ratio in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 702800 TI - [Sleeplessness following nerve block--effect on circadian rhythm (author's transl)]. PMID- 702801 TI - [Filtrating efficiency of blood transfusion filter on microaggregates in stored blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 702802 TI - [The effect of artificial respiration on cerebral circulation and metabolism following resuscitation after cardiac arrest (author's transl)]. PMID- 702803 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of intravenous preparation of fosfomycin sodium salt in the rabbit and the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 702804 TI - [On Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from clinical samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 702805 TI - [Clinical experiences with Combipenix against complicated urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 702806 TI - [Josamycin: antibacterial activity against anaerobes (author's transl)]. PMID- 702807 TI - [Clinical study on measurement of human plasma kallikrein system (author's transl)]. PMID- 702808 TI - [Studies on the haematopoietic stem cells in primary myelofibrosis--in vitro colony forming capacity of the peripheral blood, the spleen, the splenic arterial and venous blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 702809 TI - [A case of secondary gout associated with myelofibrosis following polycythemia vera (author's transl)]. PMID- 702810 TI - [A case of hereditary sideroblastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702811 TI - [Two cases of methemoglobinemia caused by anti-cancer drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 702812 TI - [A case of splenic cyst with preceding thrombocytopenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702813 TI - [A case of plasma cell leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702814 TI - [An autopsy case of cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia, terminating in bone marrow aplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702815 TI - [Development of lymphocytotoxic antibody and antiplatelet antibody following blood transfusion and their clinical significance in platelet transfusion (author's transpl)]. PMID- 702816 TI - [Comparative studies on the measurement of soluble fibrin by Largo's method and staphylococcal clumping test (author's transl)]. PMID- 702817 TI - [A case of leukemia obtained complete remission after delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 702819 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphoadenopathy and polyclonal immunoblastosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 702818 TI - [A case of soft tissue eosinophilic granuloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 702820 TI - [Hemoglobinopathy: its detection and pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 702821 TI - [Effect of androgens on nephrogenic anemia: an analytic study of 156 cases and studies on the mechanism of hematopoietic effect of anabolic steroids during hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 702822 TI - [Effects of a small dose of fluoxymesterone on aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702823 TI - [Metabolic perturbations during phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 702824 TI - [Defective abilities of phagocytes in chronic granulomatous disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 702825 TI - [Clinical observation of leukotactic abnormality (author's transl)]. PMID- 702826 TI - [Clinical assessment of neutrophil function (author's transl)]. PMID- 702827 TI - [Clinical problems of the natural coagulation and fibrinolysis inhibitors- central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 702828 TI - [Prospective studies of effects of androstanes on aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702829 TI - [Effect of androgenic hormones on treatment of aplastic anemia--retrospective study (author's transl)]. PMID- 702830 TI - [Treatment of aplastic anemia with androgenic anabolic steroids (oxymetholone or methenolone) (author's transl)]. PMID- 702831 TI - [Clinical and hematologic studies on aplastic anemia showing a good response to androgen therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 702833 TI - [The large airway and small airway]. PMID- 702832 TI - [Effect of anabolic steroid-corticosteroid therapy of aplastic anemia in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 702834 TI - [The large airway and small airway]. PMID- 702835 TI - [Progress and prospects of studies on the small airway and small airway diseases]. PMID- 702836 TI - [Characteristics of the small airway area and etiology of airway diseases]. PMID- 702837 TI - [Scanning microscopic pictures of the peripheral bronchus in man--normal and abnormal presentations]. PMID- 702838 TI - [Distribution of lesions in bronchial regions in various chronic obstructive lung diseases--with special reference to the small airway]. PMID- 702840 TI - [Concepts and classification of small airway diseases]. PMID- 702841 TI - [Clinicopathological and etiological studies of diffuse bronchiolitis as a clinical entity]. PMID- 702839 TI - [Peripheral airway diseases--stages of the development and their prevention, with special reference to pulmonary functions in autopsy cases]. PMID- 702842 TI - [Distal lung syndrome--suggestion of the nomenclature and its clinical definition]. PMID- 702843 TI - [Acute infectious bronchiolitis]. PMID- 702844 TI - [Detection of small airway lesions with respiratory test--with special reference to flow-volume and closing volume curves]. PMID- 702845 TI - [The airway and small airway diseases; discussion]. PMID- 702846 TI - [Congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 702847 TI - [Congenital mitral valve insufficiency--congenital mitral valve diseases and cleft mitral valve]. PMID- 702848 TI - [Hypertension--a new norm for its diagnosis and policies for its prevention--from the WHO Committee on Hypertension]. PMID- 702849 TI - [Ectopic pheochromocytoma with paroxysmal hypertensive symptoms--a case study]. PMID- 702851 TI - [Radiographic series on pulmonary masses (1)]. PMID- 702850 TI - [Successful surgical case of "floppy valve syndrome" associated with the ruptured posterior cusp of the mitral valve]. PMID- 702852 TI - [Immunoglobulins and lysozyme in the supernatant of the sputum]. PMID- 702853 TI - [IgA and the anti-influenza antibody level in the airway secretion]. PMID- 702854 TI - [Role of the mucus in the mucous villi transport system of the airway]. PMID- 702856 TI - [Studies of aplastic anemia: the past and present]. PMID- 702855 TI - [Radical open heart surgery under hypothermic anesthesia in newborn and young infants]. PMID- 702857 TI - [Aplastic anemia as a disorder of the hematopoietic environment: ultrastructural studies of sinocapillaropathia]. PMID- 702858 TI - [Pathological classification of aplastic anemia]. PMID- 702859 TI - [Scintigraphic studies of the bone marrow in aplastic anemia]. PMID- 702860 TI - [Classification and prognosis of aplastic anemia according to its severity]. PMID- 702861 TI - [Colony forming unit (CFU): its concepts and assay methods]. PMID- 702862 TI - [Erythrocyte metabolism and enzyme chemistry in aplastic anemia]. PMID- 702863 TI - [Studies of bone marrow tissue structure and the use of scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 702864 TI - [Aplastic anemia induced by chloramphenicol--clinical studies]. PMID- 702865 TI - [Post-hepatitis aplastic anemia: etiological studies]. PMID- 702866 TI - [Relationship between aplastic anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), with special reference to aplastic anemia-PNH syndrome]. PMID- 702867 TI - [Radiation-induced aplastic anemia]. PMID- 702868 TI - [Pure red cell anemia (PRCA)--classification, etiology and clinical statistics in Japan]. PMID- 702869 TI - [Idiopathic cardiomyopathy in refractory congestive heart failure]. PMID- 702870 TI - [Acute pancreatitis associated with symptomatic Weber-Christian disease--a case study]. PMID- 702871 TI - [Radiographic series on lung tumors (2); tuberculoma]. PMID- 702872 TI - [Experimental study on the leads of vectorcardiography in dogs (a study using a uniform model)]. PMID- 702873 TI - [Normal polarcardiography with the anterior and posterior axes as the polar axes]. PMID- 702874 TI - [Vectorcardiographic studies of artificial pacemaker pacing]. PMID- 702875 TI - [P loop of Frank method in secondary ostium atrial septal defect]. PMID- 702876 TI - [Coronary arteriosclerosis and vectorcardiography--studies on autopsy cases]. PMID- 702877 TI - [Angiography of retroperitoneal malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 702878 TI - [The study of the contrast media for cardio-angiography with special reference to the side effect and visualization (author's transl)]. PMID- 702879 TI - [Gastric carcinoma in the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 702880 TI - [Urographic findings of various abdominal masses in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 702881 TI - [Anesthesia in pediatric radiology-modified neuroleptanalgesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 702882 TI - [A case of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis--report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 702883 TI - [Two cases of infant lung scintigrams (author's transl)]. PMID- 702884 TI - [Angiographic studies of two cases of extra-abdominal desmoid tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 702886 TI - [A case of rare types of malrotation (author's transl)]. PMID- 702885 TI - [A case of mallocation of the gallbladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 702888 TI - [Usefulness of RIX-graphy: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 702887 TI - [Klinefelter's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 702889 TI - [The use of computers in radiation therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 702890 TI - [Alcohol and energy metabolism of intestinal mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 702891 TI - [The localization of HBsAG using aldehyde fuchsin staining method in the liver tissues obtained from patients with several liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 702892 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity to tissue antigens in the patients with chronic liver diseases as evaluated by leukocyte migration test. I. Leukocyte migration test to hepatocyte membrane antigen in the patients with lupoid hepatitis and active chronic hepatitis, with special reference to HB virus infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 702893 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity to tissue antigens in the patients with chronic liver diseases as evaluated by leukocyte migration test. II. Leukocyte migration test to bile duct antigen in the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 702894 TI - [Lymphocyte transformation and alcoholic liver injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 702895 TI - [Endoscopic pancreatic parenchymography. Clinical comparison of two contrast agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 702896 TI - [Immunochemical aspects of macroamylasemia--analysis of five cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 702897 TI - [Clinical study on hyperamylasemia due to the analysis of amylase-isoenzyme (author's transl)]. PMID- 702898 TI - [Malignant tumor of the pancreas. A clinical study based on autopsy cases from 1963 to 1975 in National Cancer Center Hospital. (Part 1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 702899 TI - [Congenital absence of the gallbladder associated with retinitis pigmentosa diagnosed without surgical procedure: a case report and review of the literatures (author's transl)]. PMID- 702900 TI - [Nonoperative treatment with percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of coronary and short gastric vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 702901 TI - [Experimental studies on the influence of pancreatic duct ligation upon gastric secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 702903 TI - [Endoscopic fistulotomy (EFT) of the papilla of Vater (author's transl)]. PMID- 702902 TI - [Hypotonic duodenography with the use of glucagon (author's transl)]. PMID- 702905 TI - [Basic study on the criteria of vibration nuisance. II. On the vibration analysis and the evaluatlion (author's transl)]. PMID- 702904 TI - [Basic study on the criteria of vibration nuisance. I. On affecting factors for the permissible level (author's transl)]. PMID- 702906 TI - Studies of oxidative and phosphorylative systems in mitochondria. I. A rapid and accurate determination of free nucleotides using high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 702907 TI - Studies of oxidative and phosphorylative systems in mitochondria. II. In vitro studies of the effects of various organic mercury compounds and heavy metals on rat-liver mitochondria. PMID- 702908 TI - [On the defectives of the relief system for the sufferers from air pollution (author's transl)]. PMID- 702909 TI - [The influence of life style on physique (author's transl)]. PMID- 702910 TI - An epidemiological study on the relationships of serum calcium and magnesium to blood pressure of inhabitants in rural and urban areas. PMID- 702912 TI - [Effort to report of incidences of occupational disease]. PMID- 702911 TI - Toxicity of pyrolysis products of thermal-resistant plastics including polyamide and polyester. PMID- 702913 TI - [Quantitative determination on urinary metabolites of styrene by high performance liquid chromatography and the variation of metabolites during the lapse of time in rat urine administered styrene (author's transl)]. PMID- 702914 TI - [Urinary excretions of delta-aminolevulinic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in lead-treated rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 702915 TI - [In vitro effects of zinc and lead on the activity of erythrocyte delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (author's transl)]. PMID- 702916 TI - [Effects of single exposure to toluene on operant behavior in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 702917 TI - [Effects of different forms of holding objects and postures on muscle load (author's transl)]. PMID- 702919 TI - [Computer processing of microscopic images (author's transl)]. PMID- 702918 TI - [A case study in bronchial asthma due to phthalic anhydride (author's transl)]. PMID- 702920 TI - [The probabilistic and stochastic analysis of the mutual inhibitory network with the mathematical models of single neurons (author's transl)]. PMID- 702921 TI - [Analysis of the dynamic performance of a TV pupillometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 702922 TI - [Recognition of feature points by sequential decision process model in chest X ray images]. PMID- 702923 TI - [A system for pattern analysis of radiograms of stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 702924 TI - [Addendum to "Detection of the change of individual test data in health-screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 702925 TI - [Digital meter for pulse wave velocity (author's transl)]. PMID- 702926 TI - [Monograph series on biomedical instrumentation. (3). Anesthesia for experimental animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 702927 TI - [The emergency medical information system (author's transl)]. PMID- 702928 TI - [Evaluation on the diagnostic capability of hepatoscintigraphy on liver metastasis in comparison with the operative findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 702929 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on the measurement of bone mineral content with bone mineral analyzer (author's transl)]. PMID- 702930 TI - [Adrenal scintigraphy in the patients with primary aldosteronism: localizing and differential diagnosis by dexamethasone suppression scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 702931 TI - [99mTc-diphosphonate bone scanning in 10 patients with multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 702932 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of 99mTc labeled heat damaged red blood cell spleen scanning agent (99mTc-H-D RBC) (author's transl)]. PMID- 702933 TI - [Observation on 99mTc-diphosphonate scintigram in soft part tumors adjacent to bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 702934 TI - [Myocardial scan using 201TlCl (author's transl)]. PMID- 702935 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of radioimmunoassay for T4 RIA (PEG) Kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 702936 TI - [Measurement of 3, 3', 5' triiodothyronine (rT3) in human serum with radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 702937 TI - [An RI scanner using a Ge (Li) detector (author's transl)]. PMID- 702939 TI - Brainstem acetylcholine sensitive neurons activated by cutaneous impulses in cats. AB - In order to determine the cholinoceptive mechanism associated with cutaneous inhibition of jaw-closing and lumbar motoneurons, the area related to the inhibition produced by stimulation of the superficial radial nerve was identified by a lesion within the pontomedullary reticular formation and effects of drugs upon neurons were studied within this area. The cutaneous inhibition, as tested by the inhibition of monosynaptic reflex activity of jaw-closing and that of hindlimb spinal motoneurons was completely abolished by lesion of the medial portion of the pontomedullary reticular formation, but was little affected by lesions of the lateral portion. Intravenously administered physostigmine (0.15- 0.30 mg/kg) excited 11 of 21 neurons whereas electrophoretic ACh (90 nA) excited 26 and inhibited 4 of 96 brainstem neurons located in this area. Eight of 11 physostigmine, and 4 of 26 ACh excited neurons were reticulospinal neurons with axonal conduction velocities of 20--40 m/sec. From results presented here together with those reported previously, these physostigmine sensitive and ACh excited brainstem neurons, reticulospinal and non-reticulospinal neurons, could be cholinoceptive interneurons of the polysnaptic inhibitory pathway, from the superficial radial nerve to jaw-closing and hindlimb spinal motoneurons. PMID- 702938 TI - Effects of synaptic plasma membranes on release of acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles. AB - The influences of synaptic plasma membranes on release of acetylcholine (ACh) from synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain were examined. In the presence of ATP, Mg++ and Ca++ but absence of cytoplasm from the nerve endings, the synaptic plasma membranes did not increase ACh release indicating absence of a stimulating factor which is known to be present in the cytoplasm. In presence of ATP, Mg++, Ca++ and the cytoplasm, the synaptic plasma membranes inhibited ACh release from the synaptic vesicles in high K+ medium, though not in high Na+ medium. Binding of Ca++ by the synaptic plasma membranes was dependent on ATP, inhibited by Na+ and stimulated by K+. Thus, the synaptic plasma membranes may inhibit ACh release in high K+ medium due to reduction in the concentration of free Ca++. PMID- 702940 TI - Enhancement of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of the guinea pig ileum by a new sulfur compound, tripropylsulfonium bromide. AB - In the presence of tripropylsulfonium bromide (TPS) (1 X 10(-4) g/ml), a new compound, the phasic contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum to 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (5 X 10(-7) g/ml) was consistently enhanced ("TPS effect"). TPS alone increased moderatley the spontaneous movement of the ileum. When the contraction height was calculated as the percentage of that to 5-HT alone, such was observed in the "TPS effect" to be 167.1 +/- 3.6% (mean +/- S.E., n = 80). TPS did not enhance the contraction due to acetylcholine or histamine. The "TPS effect" remained unaffected in the presence of dibenzyline (1 X 10(-7) g/ml), was abolished by morphine(1 X 10(-6) g/ml), tetrodotoxin (2 X 10(-8) g/ml) adenosine (3 X 10(-6) g/ml) and atropine (1 X 10(-7) g/ml) and was not observed under anoxic conditions. Eserine (1 X 10(-8) g/ml) strengthened the "TPS effect" markedly. It is concluded that this effect may be the result of the potentiating effect of TPS on the action of 5-HT through the M receptors, possibly by the facilitation of the acetylcholine-liberation from the nervous tissue. PMID- 702941 TI - Interaction of benzyl alcohol with human erythrocytes. AB - The uptake of benzyl alcohol by human erythrocytes and its binding to cell membranes were examined in vitro relation to its hemolytic actions. The hemolysis induced by benzyl alcohol was found to be time-, dose- and temperature-dependent. Little or no hemolysis was observed until the concentration of benzyl alcohol increased over a certain level. Radiotracer studies revealed that in contrast to the rapid cellular uptake which was independent of temperature, the binding of benzyl alcohol to membranes increased gradually with time and was dependent mainly on the temperature. The critical hemolytic levels of the alcohol bound to membranes were estimated to be about 500 nmoles/mg protein. The results obtained herein suggest that the process of hemolysis induced by benzyl alcohol depends on the binding of the alcohol to erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 702942 TI - Choleretic properties of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in dogs. AB - Choleretic effects and properties of ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids given orally were investigated in comparison with dehydrocholic acid in conscious dogs with cholecystectomy. Ursodeoxycholic acid as well as chenodeoxycholic acid increased the bile flow and the concentrations of phospholipid, cholesterol and bile acids in the bile. After administration of either ursodeoxycholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid, a great amount of each bile acid appeared in the bile. Ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids increased the outputs of phospholipid, cholesterol and bilirubin in the bile. On the other hand, dehydrocholic acid markedly decreased the concentrations and outputs of all the above materials in the bile, despite a considerable increase in the bile flow. After administration of dehydrocholic acid, 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-12-keto-cholanoic acid appeared in the bile instead of dehydrocholic acid. The results suggest that ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids are transported into the bile from the hepatic cells where they produce a choleresis due to the bile acid-dependent mechanism. Dehydrocholic acid is metabolized in the liver and the metabolites produced hydrocholeresis. PMID- 702943 TI - New method for evaluating bronchomotor and bronchosecretory activities: Effects of prostaglandins and antigen. AB - We devised a new method for measuring responses of canine airway musculature, bronchosecretion and bronchial vasculature simultaneously, in situ, and investigated the effects of prostaglandins F2alpha and E2 and antigen-antibody reaction by using this model. The right bronchial artery was perfused with blood at a constant flow under artificial respiration. Airway musculature response was measured as a change in ventilation overflow with a modification of the Konzett Rossler method; the airway secretory activity was measured with our stopper method for secretion volume and with the glass plate method for viscosity. Close intraarterial injections of prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha, 0.01--10 microgram, into the right bronchial artery produced bronchomuscular and vascular constrictions, while those of PGE2, 0.01--3 microgram, produced dilatation in a dose dependent manner. A close intraarterial injection of 1 mg protein of ascaris suum antigen to dogs with positive skin reaction produced bronchoconstriction and vascular dilatation. Thirty min intraarterial infusions of PGF2alpha, 0.3--3 microgram/min, and ascaris antigen, 0.03--0.3 mg protein/min, resulted in a dose dependent increase in the volume of airway secretions, while those of PGE2, 0.1- 1.0 microgram/min, did not alter the secretory activity. These findings indicate that prostaglandin F2alpha in relatively high doses increases both bronchomotor tone and bronchosecretory activity, as does antigen-antibody reaction with ascaris antigen, and that the present method is useful for evaluating effect of drugs on the respiratory tract. PMID- 702944 TI - Antihypertensive and antidiuretic effects of 3-hydrazino-6-[N, N-bis (2 hydroxyethyl) amino]-pyridazine (L 6150) in rats. AB - 3-Hydrazino-6-[N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-pyridazine (L 6150) has been reported as an antihypertensive vasodilator drug. We determined antihypertensive effect of L 6150 for 11 weeks in spontaneously hypertension due to clipping (CLIP). The effects of hydralazine (HZ) and ecarazine (EZ) were also determined for comparison. L 6150, HZ, and EZ showed antihypertensive effects in SHR, DOC and CLIP hypertensive rats. These drugs increased heart rate in SHR and DOC rats. In CLIP hypertension heart rate tended to be higher for 9--10 weeks after the treatments. These treatments diminished incidence of the vascular disease in DOC and CLIP. We also determined renal effects of L 6150, HZ and EZ in normal rats. These drugs decreased urine volume, and excretion of osmotically active solutes, Cl, Na, and K for 180 min after bicarbonate saline load. It is concluded that L 6150 is an antihypertensive drug with characteristics of the vasodilator in rats. PMID- 702945 TI - Effects of tiopronin on excretion and distribution of 203Hg-labeled mercury compounds in mice. PMID- 702946 TI - Effects of 2-(4-(2-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl)phenyl) propionic acid (Y-9213) and anti inflammatory drugs on erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lysosomes in vitro. AB - 2-(4-(2-Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl)phenyl)propionic acid (Y-9213) with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities significantly inhibited hemolysis of rat erythrocytes. Activity of Y-9213 (100--500 micrometer) on hemolysis was more potent than that of phenylbutazone, and less potent than that of indomethacin. The spontaneous release of enzymes from rat liver lysosomes by incubation alone was significantly inhibited by Y-9213 (1--100 micrometer) to the same degrees as phenylbutazone or tinoridine hydrochloride. Release of enzymes from the lysosomes by addition of phospholipase C (PLC, 0.03 units/ml) was slightly inhibited by Y 9213 (10--100 micrometer) and phenylbutazone (100 micrometer). Dexamethasone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone and tinoridine hydrochloride (1--10 micrometer) inhibited more potently the PLC-induced release than the spontaneous release. Y 9213 (1--100 micrometer) inhibited considerably the release of enzymes from intact lysosomes of rabbit polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. The release of enzymes from the PMN leukocyte lysosomes preincubated at 37 degrees C for 15 min was strongly inhibited by dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone (1--100 micrometer), but not by Y-9213, phenylbutazone and indomethacin (100 micrometer). Y-9213 (0.1--10 micrometer) also inhibited significantly the phagocytic secretion of lysosomal enzymes from PMN leukocytes without affecting phagocytosis of the particles. Activity of this agent was similar to that of phenylbutazone, and less active than that of indomethacin, dexamethasone or prednisolone. Our results suggest that Y-9213 may stabilize membranes of erythrocytes and lysosomes and inhibit phagocytic secretion of lysosomal constitutents from PMN leukocytes. PMID- 702947 TI - Influence of tracheal muscular tone on the initiation of cough reflex. AB - We devised a canine blood-perfusion preparation which made feasible administration of drugs directly at the local tracheal site. The hypothesis of Salem and Aviado on cough mechanism that a local airway constriction induced by stimuli may be a trigger in stimulating cough receptors was investigated using this preparation. Close intraarterial injections of acetylcholine (ACh) and histamine did not elicit a cough although intense tracheal constrictions were evident. The cough reflex elicited by electrical stimulation of the mucosa of isolated upper trachea in situ was accompanied by a slight systemic hypotension, tracheal vasodilatation and tracheal muscular constriction. The latter two changes occurred after a time lag following coughs. Close intraarterial infusions of isoproterenol and papaverine caused a prominent tracheal dilatation, but did not suppress the coughs. Pretreatment with atropine sufficiently inhibited cholinergic tracheoconstriction but had no effect on the electrically induced coughs. Furthermore, an augmentation of the tracheal muscular tone produced by an infusion of ACh did not enhance the cough reflex. In light of our observations, the aforementioned hypothesis should be reconsidered. PMID- 702948 TI - Effects of diltiazem on guinea pig portal vein in hypertonic solution. PMID- 702949 TI - The involvement of catecholamine in scopolamine-induced locomotor activation and rotational behaviour in mice. AB - Scopolamine-induced locomotor activation was studied in comparison with the responses to apomorphine and methamphetamine in mice. The responses to scopolamine and methamphetamine were markedly depressed by the pretreatment with the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, while the activation response to apomorphine was not affected. p-Chlorophenylalanine did not affect the response to scopolamine. Phenoxybenzamine reduced the responses to scopolamine and methamphetamine, but did not affect the apomorphine response. Propranolol did not affect the responses to the three agonists, scopolamine, apomorphine and methamphetamine. Antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and pimozide reduced the responses to the three agonists. Haloperidol was especially effective in this regard. These results suggest the involvement of catecholamine in the locomotor activation produced by scopolamine. In the rotational behaviour model which is sensitive to dopamine receptor stimulating agents, effects of the three agonists were studied. Scopolamine produced the ipsilateral rotation in mice with unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions. Methamphetamine induced the ipsilateral rotation, while apomorphine produced the contralateral rotation. The rotations induced by three agaonists were suppressed by pimozide. The results indicate the participation of dopamine in the scopolamine-induced rotational behaviour in mice. PMID- 702950 TI - Effects on atrio-ventricular conduction of propranolol, pindolol and carteolol in the dog heart in situ as assessed by automated devices. AB - In open-chest dogs the heart rate was controlled at 150 beats/min and drugs were given intravenously. Propranolol (30 microgram/kg--1 mg/kg) prolonged the atrioventricular (A-V) conduction time and functional refractory period of the A V conduction system (FRP) by blockade of the existing tone of the sympathetic nerves to the heart. The prolongation of the two parameters by the non-specific depressant action of propranolol was evident only at 3 mg/kg. Propranolol (3--30 microgram/kg) shortened the A-V conduction time in the heart deprived of the vagal and sympathetic tone, suggesting some sort of sympathomimetic effect. Pindolol in a wide range of doses (0.3--300 microgram/kg) exerted virtually no effect on the A-V conduction time and FRP, and its non-specific depressant action was apparent only at 3 mg/kg. Carteolol slightly prolonged the A-V conduction time and FRP only in low doses (1--10 microgram/kg), and in high doses (30 microgram/kg--1 mg/kg) it shortened the two parameters, reflecting its predominant sympathomimetic action. PMID- 702951 TI - Tissue catecholamines in Rana tigrina and effects of reserpine. PMID- 702952 TI - Regional and species differences in the response of isolated arteries to angiotnesin II. PMID- 702953 TI - Influences of sodium, ouabain and tricyclic antidepressant drugs on L [3H]norepinephrine uptake into synaptosomal fractions of developing rat brain. PMID- 702954 TI - Effects of acute and long-term cannabis treatment of restraint-induced gastric ulceration in rats. PMID- 702955 TI - [Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in pneumoconiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 702956 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on the contractile responses of guinea pig tracheal tissues induced by various bronchoconstrictors (author's transl)]. PMID- 702957 TI - [Studies on 42 cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 702958 TI - [Bronchopulmonary malformations with systemic arterial supply (author's transl)]. PMID- 702959 TI - [Frequency dependence of dynamic compliance in papin-induced experimental emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 702960 TI - [A case report of indomethacin induced asthma with special reference to prostaglandins metabolism in the lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 702961 TI - [The lung as a site of inactivation of endogenous vasoactive substances (author's transl)]. PMID- 702962 TI - [Metabolism of vasoactive substances relating to pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 702963 TI - [The prediction equations and the normal limits of the parameters of MEFV curve using a direct writing flow-volume curve recorder (author's transl)]. PMID- 702964 TI - [Experimental investigation on pathogenesis of tartrazine-induced asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 702965 TI - [Two cases of pulmonary Paragonimus miyazakii found by mass survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 702966 TI - [Correlation between systemic and pulmonary circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 702967 TI - [Clinical study of pulmonary encephalopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 702968 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin E1 and E2 on rabbit pulmonary arterial and aortic strips (author's transl)]. PMID- 702969 TI - [Electrocardiogram in primary pulmonary hypertension--special reference to prognosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 702970 TI - [Spectal analysis of breath sounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 702971 TI - [Effect of aminophylline and isoproterenol on the actions of vasoconstrictors (author's transl)]. PMID- 702972 TI - [A case of acute nitrogen dioxide poisoning by the anticorrosive, sodium nitrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 702973 TI - [A case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the rib (author's transl)]. PMID- 702974 TI - [Surgical management and follow-up study of five patients with intracardiac myxoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 702975 TI - [Immediate postoperative cardiac performance in patients with aortic valvar replacement--determinant factors and serum catecholamine levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 702976 TI - [Combined resection of the left atrium for lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 702977 TI - [Mitral ring annuloplasy using a prosthetic ring]. PMID- 702978 TI - [Postoperative care after severe hemodilution in cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 702980 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the ascending aorta with aortic insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 702979 TI - [Two surgical cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (author's transl)]. PMID- 702981 TI - [Acute renal failure after open heart surgery--a report of 3 cases of hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 702982 TI - [A case of chylopericardium following operation for lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 702983 TI - [Surgical repair of annulo-aortic ectasia in 2 patients over 60 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 702984 TI - [Left ventricular rupture associated with mitral valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 702985 TI - [Clinical conference at the 1st Department of Surgery, Nagoya University--2. Evaluation of left atrial myxoma]. PMID- 702986 TI - [Histological and hemodynamical evaluation for complete surgical repair of patients with aortopulmonary transposition (author's transl)]. PMID- 702987 TI - [Coronary artery surgery for ischemic heart disease complicated with diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 702988 TI - [Problem on surgical treatment of metastatic lung tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 702989 TI - [Combined antero-posterior thoracotomy with clavicular mobilization for Pancoast type tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 702990 TI - [A case report of ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle presenting with peculiar echocardiographic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 702991 TI - [Experience with min-electrocardiographs (MS 1 and MG 1 types)]. PMID- 702992 TI - [Comparative studies of cooling effects of various methods of cardiohypothermia]. PMID- 702993 TI - [Surgical treatment for aortic insufficiency due to the prolapse of the valve with ventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 702994 TI - [Successful repair of intracardiac anomalies complicated with corrected transposition of great arteries (C-TGV) in a 57 years old patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 702995 TI - [A case report of myxomatous hamartoblastoma of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 702996 TI - [Semicircular tricuspid annuloplasty (De Vega's technique) for the tricuspid insufficiency complicated with severe pulmonary valvular stenosis]. PMID- 702997 TI - [A concervative end-to-end anastomosis of trachea for tracheal stricture caused by invasion of thyroid cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 702998 TI - [A case of diffuse interstitial emphysema of the lung in the infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 702999 TI - [A case of aortopulmonary septal defect with patent ductus arteriosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 703000 TI - [Clinical conference at the 1st Department of Surgery, Nagoya University--1. Evaluation of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage]. PMID- 703001 TI - [Abnormalities of oxalate metabolism and urinary lithiasis. IV. Studies on the amount of oxalic acid excreted from calcium oxalate stone patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 703002 TI - [Studies on abdominal phlebolith and urolithiasis: statistic examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 703003 TI - [Treatment of tumors of the urinary bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 703004 TI - [Studies of endocrinological function of testis. Report 1. The HCG stimulation test in normal males, idiopathic sterilities and Klinefelter's syndromes (author's transl)]. PMID- 703005 TI - [Tomoscintigraphy by PHO/CON in urogenital diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 703006 TI - [Subclinical neurogenic bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 703007 TI - [Lower urinary tract obstruction and subclinical neurogenic bladder in childhood: III. The urethral ring stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703008 TI - [Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension associated with bilateral renal artery stenosis. 1. Clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 703009 TI - [Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension associated with bilateral renal artery stenosis. 2. Experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 703010 TI - [Effect of internal iliac artery ligation on the bladder wall circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 703011 TI - [Idiopathic varicocele. Report 1. Testicular function (author's transl)]. PMID- 703012 TI - [Bladder instillation of adriamycin in the treatment of bladder tumors. Report 2: experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 703013 TI - [Studies on the function of the upper urinary tract. IX. Ureteral transport of urine and ureteral intramural microcirculation during diuresis in dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 703014 TI - [Studies on the function of the upper urinary tract. X. Effect of ureteral surgery upon ureteral microcirculation (author's transl)]. PMID- 703015 TI - [Hydrostatic pressure treatment for non-cancerous contracted bladder--1st report (author's transl)]. PMID- 703016 TI - [New technique for antireflux ureteroileal anastomosis in ileal conduit (author's transl)]. PMID- 703017 TI - [Studies on male sexual impotence. Report 11. Hemodynamic mechanism of erection in the human penis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703018 TI - [Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on adrenergic nerves of the proximal urethra and bladder neck in the rabbit and the dog--histochemical and dynamic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 703019 TI - [Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on neurogenic bladder dysfunction--clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 703020 TI - [Denervation supersensitivity of the urethra of the chronic neurogenic bladder--a pharmacologic evidence for the predominant influence of alpha-adrenergic system in the sphincteric urethra (author's transl)]. PMID- 703021 TI - [Surgical treatment of urethral stricture--3rd report (author's transl)]. PMID- 703022 TI - [Urodynamic study of lower urinary tract. IV. Anti-incontinence operation with silicone gel prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703023 TI - [Statistical analysis of the urological diseases during recent eight years at the Department of Urology, the University of Tokyo (author's transl)]. PMID- 703024 TI - [Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and vagina in childhood--five case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 703025 TI - [Experimental studies on hypomagnesemia of ruminants. I. Mineral balance in sheep at the time of change from winter ration to spring herbage]. PMID- 703026 TI - [Antagonistic effect of cupric compounds on chromium toxicity in the growth of HeLa cells]. PMID- 703027 TI - [Ultrastructural alterations in skeletal muscle fibers of rate after exercise]. PMID- 703029 TI - Individual differences of sheep red blood cells used in various immunological assays. PMID- 703028 TI - [Studies on Fusobacterium species in the rumen of cattle. I. Isolation of genus Fusobacterium from rumen juice of cattle]. PMID- 703030 TI - Isolation and characterization of mycoplasmas from gallinaceous birds. PMID- 703031 TI - Distribution of antibodies against various influenza A viruses in animals. PMID- 703032 TI - Latent infection of Toxoplasma in sheep and goats. PMID- 703033 TI - Familial spastic paraplegia-clinical and pathologic studies in a large kindred. AB - Clinical studies of members of a six-generation kindred of familial spastic paraplegia support the diagnostic distinction of a pure form of this autosomal dominant disease. Onset was in the fourth decade or later and symptoms were those of progressive gait difficulties with lower limb spasticity and weakness. Sensor, cerebellar and cranial nerve changes were absent. Pathologic changes in one member were confined to the lateral corticospinal tracts and in the fasciculus gracilis. PMID- 703034 TI - Acute right ventricular overload: an echocardiographic clue to pulmonary thromboembolism. AB - Serial echocardiographic changes and angiographic correlation are presented in a patient with multiple pulmonary emboli. Interval development of right ventricular dilatation and paradoxical septal motion coincided with a clinical event which was proven angiographically to represent pulmonary thromboembolism. Echocardiographic findings suggested right ventricular pressure and/or volume overload. The differential diagnosis of this finding when acute is limited; pulmonary embolism is a prominent consideration. Echocardiography performed after the patient received anticoagulant therapy showed a complete return to normal. Echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular overload, particularly when acute, may indicate the presence of a pulmonary embolism, and may be clinically useful in selected cases. PMID- 703035 TI - The art of healing. PMID- 703036 TI - Celiac disease. PMID- 703037 TI - [Tuberculosis surveillance (part I) (author's transl)]. PMID- 703038 TI - [A trial of standardization of diagnosing lung disease due to mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli (author's transl)]. PMID- 703039 TI - [Statistical study on association of tuberculosis and carcinoma of the lung in Chugoku and Shikoku area (author's transl)]. PMID- 703040 TI - The treatment completion rate in tuberculosis cases confirmed bacteriologically and treated at the Tuberculosis Centre, Kabul. PMID- 703041 TI - [Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703042 TI - [Tuberculosis surveillance (part 2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 703043 TI - [Identification of strain tomida (SJ-7) of group II scotochromogens as Mycobacterium szulgai (author's transl)]. PMID- 703044 TI - [Hematological abnormalities in miliary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703045 TI - [Psychophysiological correlations in paroxysmal forms of cardiac rhythm disorders]. AB - Fifty-two patients with paroxysmal disorders of cardiac rhythm were under observation for periods of 6 months to 3 years. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was registered in 16, ventricular tachycardia in one, paroxysmal cardiac fibrillation in 35. The method of comprehensive examination of personality (modified MMPI test, Cattell's and Hekhausen's tests) made it possible to reveal certain characteristic features of the personality and the actual psychic condition of all patients. Treatment with modern psychotropic agents (predominantly tranquilizers) improved the course of arrhythmia considerably in most patients; a tendency to normalization of the psychic condition was noted simultaneously. The possible mechanisms of the effect of psychotropic agents on the course of arrhythmias are discussed. PMID- 703046 TI - [Possibility of measuring venous pressure by a new indirect method]. PMID- 703047 TI - [Regional pulmonary ventilation disorders in acquired heart defects]. PMID- 703048 TI - [Interrelationship between the central hemodynamic and muscle blood flow indices and the severity of the course of the acute period in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 703049 TI - [Early criteria of cardiac insufficiency in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 703050 TI - [Myocardial contractile function and its measurement according to polycardiographic data]. PMID- 703051 TI - [Results of implanting aortic valve xenografts into the tricuspid position]. AB - From 1968 to 1976 transplantation of the tricuspid valve was performed on 47 patients with combined form of rheumatic heart disease. Hospital mortality was 36%. The follow-up period in 30 cases ranged from one to 7 1/2 years. Ten patients died in the late postoperative periods, only in one of them the cause of death was associated with incompetence of the transplanted valve. According to the findings of dynamic clinical follow-up, the function of the transplant in the other patients was quite satisfactory; at the same time, peculiarities of the phonocardiographic picture of valves treated by different methods were revealed. PMID- 703052 TI - [Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis]. AB - Open and closed methods of mitral commissurotomy are appraised in comparison. Open correction of mitral stenosis was performed under conditions of extracorporeal circulation, closed correction was accomplished by the instrumental method from right and left approaches. The advantages of open mitral commissurotomy in complicated forms of the disease (intraatrial) thrombosis, calcinosis, restenosis, concomitant regurgitation) are demonstrated. The indications for both methods of surgical treatment are substantiated and recommendations for their effective application are given. PMID- 703053 TI - [Late results of mitral valve prosthesis]. AB - The late results of mitral valve prosthetics were studied in 100 patients one to six years after surgery. Survival which was estimated by the actuarial method was 79.4% (15 patients died 2 to 34 months after the operation). The data obtained confirm the effectiveness of mitral valve prosthetics by means of the Soviet made MKch--25 and MKch--27 protheses. The operation ensures normalization of hemodynamics. Thromboembolic complications and bacterial endocarditis still present a serious problem. Patients with an implanted mitral valve prosthesis should be kept under dispensary surveillance. PMID- 703054 TI - [Diagnosis of paravalvular fistulae after mitral valve prosthesis]. AB - The phonocardiography method is appraised and the correlative dependence of the data yielded by it is compared with the hemodynamic values in the diagnosis of paravalvular fistulas following mitral valve prosthetics in 11 patients. It was revealed that the duration of the interval from the sound of aortic closure to the sound of mitral opening is in close reverse relation (r = -0.61) with the level of the mean pulmonary-capillary pressure: the shorter the interval, the more severe is the disorder of hemodynamics in patients with paravalvular mitral insufficiency and the higher is the mean pulmonary-capillary pressure. Paravalvular fistulas in the 11 patients examined were manifested by the development of a systolic murmur. PMID- 703055 TI - [Analysis of the hemodynamics in patients with artificial mitral valve insufficiency]. AB - Hemodynamic disorders which developed in 12 patients with artificial mitral incompetence were studied. A method developed in the clinic of analysing the findings of catheterization and cine-angiocardiography was used. The method of analysis of single-plane ventriculograms makes it possible to estimate the volume of blood regurgitated into the left atrium to an accuracy of several millilitres. The degree of artificial incompetence is determined from the relative regurgitation which is estimated by dividing the volume of returned blood flow by the total volume of ventricular ejection. It is concluded that the "malignancy" of the course of artificial incompetence is determined by a sharp reduction of the effective cardiac output (to 33--50% of the normal volume) against the background of rapid rapid exhaustion of the left ventricular myocardum. PMID- 703056 TI - [Anatomical and functional assessment of mitral stenosis using echocardiography before and after commissurotomy]. AB - In 36 patients with pure mitral stenosis verified during catheterization and operation the results of echocardiography were compared with the operative findings. The changes in the mitral echogram and the degree of valve calcification before commissurotomy were studied. The hemodynamic changes in pulmonary circulation were approximately appraised by determining the degree of delay of the EF interval on the echogram of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve. Significant conformity between the dimished rate of diastolic movement of the anterior mitral cusp and the degree of mitral stenosis was established. The importance of the advancement of the posterior mitral cusp to the front of the horizontal line passing through point C of mitral valve closure in the appraisal of the degree of its stenosis is underscored. PMID- 703057 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the phonocardiogram configuration for determining the degree of aortic regurgitation in patients with combined acquired heart defects]. AB - A phonocardiographic index for determining the presence and severity of aortic regurgitation in patients with complex combined valvular diseases is suggested. This index comprises the relation between the amplitudes of the early diastolic murmur and the second sound and the relation between the maximum oscillations in early and late systole. The first two parameters are measured from a phonocardiogram recorded from the site where the early diastolic murmur is registered best(left third or fourth intercostal space at the sternum), the last from the site where the systolic murmur of aortic origin is recorded best (right second intercostal space). The differences in the value of the index between 4 groups of patients with different degree of aortic regurgitation are statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The index makes it possible to distribute according to the phonocardiogram all patients into 4 groups with 17% classification error and 2 groups of practical importance (with and without marked regurgitation) with 5% error. PMID- 703058 TI - [Clinical anatomy of the heart in combined rheumatic heart defects]. AB - Contrast cardioangiograms of 46 patients with combined rheumatic diseases of the heart were studied. Essential changes were found in the clinical anatomy of the heart. In accordance with these changes, the points of maximum sound and the zones of the spread of the murmurs in tricuspid valvular disease and mitral stenosis were displayed to the left, which should be borne in mind during physical examination of the heart and phonocardiography. PMID- 703059 TI - [Characteristics of the sound symptoms of prosthetic heart valves in pregnant women]. PMID- 703060 TI - [Late results of closed methods of the surgical treatment of multiple valvular rheumatic heart defects]. AB - The late results of surgical treatment of 178 patients with follow-up periods of 6 months to 8 years are analysed. The late results were much worse in stage IV disease, marked calcinosis of the valves, concomitant mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, intraatrial thrombosis, as well as in cases with a combination of these complications. Analysis of the actuarial curve showed that unfavourable dynamics of the remote outcomes were usually associated with inadequate aortic or tricuspid commissurotomy. It is underscored that a change in the surgical tactics in the direction of aortic valve prosthetics and correction of tricuspid valve defects and complicated forms of mitral stenosis under conditions of extracorporeal circulation is necessary. PMID- 703061 TI - [Late results of closed mitral commissurotomy]. AB - The remote results of closed mitral comissurotomy were studied in 400 patients during a follow-up period of 7 years. The results were appraised on the basis of the stage of hemodynamic disorders (classification proposed by A.N. Bakulev and E.A. Damir), disability, and working capacity. Five years after the operation good remote results were noted only in 58% of patients, which is explained by inadequate correction of the defect by the closed method due to the frequently encountered gross morphologic changes in the valve cusps. For greater objectivity in the assessment of the remote results it is suggested to use the term "without objective improvement" instead of "satisfactory results" because the former reflects the patient's condition and the state of hemodynamic disorders in greater measure. PMID- 703062 TI - [Achievements, problems and prospects in the treatment of "valvular disease" of the heart]. PMID- 703063 TI - [Indices of the sympathetic-adrenal and hypophyseal-adrenocortical system reactions in myocardial infarct patients during physical rehabilitation]. AB - Changes in the content of hormones of the cortical and medullary layers of the adrenals in 40 patients with myocardial infarction were studied during physical rehabilitation. Increased activity of the sympathetico-adrenal and hypophyseal adrenocortical systems after therapeutical gymnastics was revealed. The greatest shifts in all indices were noted in the first and fourth movement regimens. Changes in the blood hormone content were most obvious. The importance of studying hormones during rehabilitation of patients by means of exercise therapy is discussed. Fluorometry was employed in tests for adrenal hormones in blood and urine and for determining their concentration. PMID- 703064 TI - [Birth injuries of skull]. PMID- 703065 TI - [Secondary subvesical urinary tract obstructions in childhood]. PMID- 703066 TI - [Acute brucellosis in childhood]. PMID- 703067 TI - [Foreign body ulcer caused by peripheral catheter embolism]. PMID- 703068 TI - [Enuresis in childhood]. PMID- 703069 TI - [Current diagnostic problems of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 703070 TI - [Monocytic neck lymphadenitis with morbileiform exanthema as side effect of penicillamine therapy of infantile Wilson's diseases]. PMID- 703071 TI - [Syncopal fits and sudden death caused by ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 703072 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of non-ossifying bone fibromas]. PMID- 703073 TI - [Fever convulsions in childhood. I. Pathogenesis of fever convulsions]. PMID- 703074 TI - [Injuries of shoulder girdle and neck in infancy and childhood]. PMID- 703075 TI - [Echovirus type 19 as cause of a newborn infant group disease in a gynecologic hospital]. PMID- 703076 TI - [Characteristics and results of the surgical treatment of complicated forms of chronic suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 703077 TI - [Dynamics of the immunological indices in acute lung abscesses depending on the method and amount of administered antibiotics]. PMID- 703078 TI - [Anesthesiological support of the operation and of the early postoperative period in the combined treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 703079 TI - [Surgical approach in esophageal injuries and their sequelae]. PMID- 703080 TI - [Antimicrobial absorbable polymeric material for esophageal alloplasty]. PMID- 703081 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 703082 TI - [Late complications of the surgical treatment of esophageal atresia]. PMID- 703083 TI - [Experimental effect of ether, nitrous oxide, fluorothane, trichloroethylene, pentrane and cyclopropane anesthesia on respiration, oxidative phosphorylation and the amount of liver mitochondrial cytochromes]. PMID- 703084 TI - [Antimicrobial properties of artificial heart valves treated with geomycin by a new method]. PMID- 703085 TI - [Treatment of closed thoracic injury in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 703086 TI - [Pleurectomy and pulmonary decortication in nonspecific empyema and rigid pneumothorax]. PMID- 703087 TI - [Treatment experience with peacetime abdominal and thoracoabdominal wounds]. PMID- 703088 TI - [Preventive heparin use in lung resections for tuberculosis and nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 703089 TI - [Use of occlusion of the main bronchus via a transsternal approach in bronchial fistulae after lung resection]. PMID- 703090 TI - [Problems of preventing complications after operations on the lungs in disseminated forms of chronic suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 703091 TI - [Use of dimexide in the overall treatment of empyema of the pleural cavity]. PMID- 703092 TI - [Radioisotope arterial scanning in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 703093 TI - [Method of performing scanning and selective bronchography via a universal double lumen tube]. PMID- 703094 TI - [Carcinoid of the bronchus]. PMID- 703095 TI - [Use of anesthesia with a fluorothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture in the surgery of suppuration]. PMID- 703097 TI - [Anesthesiological and resuscitation service in severe chest injuries]. PMID- 703098 TI - [Complication in sombrevin anesthesia]. PMID- 703096 TI - [Prolonged peridural anesthesia after heart operations]. PMID- 703099 TI - [Use of the fibroscope for removing esophageal foreign bodies]. PMID- 703100 TI - [Effect of inhalatory anesthetics on metabolic processes in the liver]. PMID- 703101 TI - [Repeated operations on the lungs and pleura in suppurative diseases]. PMID- 703102 TI - [Experience in using peridural anesthesia at a central district hospital]. PMID- 703103 TI - [Cytological methods used in examination of patients with chronic stomach diseases]. PMID- 703104 TI - [Mediastinal teratodermoids]. PMID- 703105 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of appendicular infiltration]. PMID- 703106 TI - [Injury of the esophagus in cardiodilatation]. PMID- 703107 TI - [Complications of chemical burns of the digestive system]. PMID- 703108 TI - [Embolectomy of the pulmonary artery with simultaneous ligation of vena cava inferior using Vosshulte's method]. PMID- 703109 TI - [Closed injury of the femoral vessels]. PMID- 703110 TI - [Portal vein injury]. PMID- 703111 TI - [Femoral-femoral cross shunting in unilateral atherosclerotic occlusion of the aortofemoral segment]. PMID- 703112 TI - [Thrombosis of the veins of the internal organs in patients with venous insufficiency of the lower extremities complicated by familial anamnesis]. PMID- 703113 TI - [Vagotomy in surgical practice (review of the foreign literature during 1975- 1977)]. PMID- 703114 TI - [Effect of selective proximal vagotomy on stomach secretion]. PMID- 703115 TI - [Motor evacuation function and bioelectric activity of gastric stump following vagotomy with conservative resection]. PMID- 703116 TI - [Pyloric stenosis in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 703117 TI - [Treatment of cardiospasm by cardiodilatation]. PMID- 703118 TI - [Endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 703119 TI - [Prolonged epidural analgesia used in postoperative period in patients with occlusion of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 703120 TI - [Urological symptoms in dissection and rupture of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 703121 TI - [Surgical treatment of atherosclerosis of the terminal part of the abdominal aorta and arteries of lower extremities]. PMID- 703123 TI - [Treatment of injuries of the vertebral artery]. PMID- 703122 TI - [Comparative assessment of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of patients with embolism of major arteries of the lower extremities with mild ischemia]. PMID- 703124 TI - [Fibromuscular dysplasia of renal arteries in patients with surgery for renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 703125 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 703126 TI - [Variants of varicose veins of the lower extremities and their surgical treatment]. PMID- 703127 TI - [Surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 703128 TI - [Consequences of sclerosing of varicose veins using varicocid and vistarin]. PMID- 703129 TI - [Surgery of neoplasms of the cardia]. PMID- 703130 TI - [Gregoire's diseases]. PMID- 703131 TI - [Lymphangiectomy in chronic lymphatico-venous insufficiency of the lower extremities]. PMID- 703132 TI - [Differential diagnosis of position compression syndrome and acute thrombophlebitis of the extremities]. PMID- 703133 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis with contaminated implanted cardiac valve]. PMID- 703134 TI - [Injuries of the heart and pericardium]. PMID- 703135 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in surgery]. PMID- 703136 TI - [Instructions with prophylactic therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Jurisdiction demands thorough information to be given to the patient concerning kind, extent and possible complications of diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic procedures.--Uncertainty prevails because reliable rules on the mode of instruction do not exist and if they would, such instructions could often affect the patient. Examples of problems of prophylactic treatment and questions to the legal experts concerning necessary instructions to be given to the patient are presented. PMID- 703137 TI - [Prophylaxis and explanation (author's transl)]. AB - The doctor-patient contract results from the logical actions. As well as treating the patient to the best of his knowledge and capability the doctor has the subsidary obligation of explanation. This must be done so that the patient can estimate risks himself. There is no legal basis for the extent of the explanation. Typical complications are to be mentioned--but not all possible complications. But "what is a typical complication" is controversial. The less urgent the treatment, the more comprehensive the information. The responsible doctor must do the explaining himself--he may delegate this only in the case of professional hindrance because of other urgent cases. The content of the explanation should be written and countersigned by the patient. For minors and legally incapacitated the parents or the responsible persons must give their consent. PMID- 703138 TI - [On the legal situation associated with prophylactic measures in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. AB - Every medical procedure (diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment) is in German law an assault and must be preceded by evidence of actual consent of the patient. Is this consent not present, then the requirements for a legal process are there. The doctor has freedom of choice of treatment, but he must explain to the patient possible side-effects and complications i.e. enlighten the patient. A significant proportion of damage- and criminal processes are due to incomplete explanation. The kind, form and complications of a procedure must be mentioned understandibly- the complications independent of their incidence. The guidelines resulting from processes are vague and ambiguous. Formed notes with confirmation by a witness are advisable. The value of an explanatory booklet seems doubtful. PMID- 703139 TI - [Discussional comments on the papers by Lund, Spann, Bockelmann]. PMID- 703140 TI - [Detachment surgery without drainage (author's transl)]. AB - Detachment surgery without drainage was introduced in 1953 by Custodis and modified by Lincoff. In this method the retinal hole determines the surgical procedure. Subretinal fluid will disappear by fixating an explant the sclera under tension in the area of the hole. The size of the explant depends upon the size of the retinal hole. Radial orientation of the buckle proves to be an optimal tamponade for a horseshoe tear. The change from traditional extensive circumferential buckles and cerclages to radial orientation of the buckle in the area of the hole is to be considered as a logical evolution in detachment surgery. From 1970--1977 there were treated 1000 consecutive detachments with cryopexy and elastic episcleral sponges. Non drainage was done in 93% of the time. The extension of the detachments ranged in 84% of the time from over 1 to 4 quadrants. The surgical procedure, however, consisted in 96% of the cases in segmental buckles with a preference for radial orientation. Cerclage was found to be useful in 4% of the time; an aphakic detachment was no longer an indication per se for an encircling procedure. Reattachment occured in 83% of the cases after one operation and in an additional 8% after reoperation. The complications with this procedure were minor, extraocular and reversibel. In 2,7% of the time an infection was observed around the explant. After removal of the buckles infection disappeared in every eye, re-detachment did occur in none of the eyes. PMID- 703141 TI - [Ultrasonic investigations of the vitreous space in idiopathic retinal detachment (author's transl)]. AB - 63 patients suffering from unilateral, idiopathic detachment of the retina were examined by the A-scan ultrasound method. A vitreous degeneration always appeared in eyes with detachment of the retina, and this was severe in 52 eyes. In the other eye the degeneration of the vitreous body was much smaller and in 11 eyes it was not at all proved by ultrasound. In 24 eyes with detachment of the retina the subretinal space could be examined and it was always acoustically heterogenous. The observations concerning acoustic characteristics of the vitreous body may be important in planning of operative treatment and prophylaxis. PMID- 703142 TI - [Diagnostic ultrasonography and X-ray computer tomography in space-occupying orbital lesions--a joint effort (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic ultrasonography (A-and B-scans) and X-ray computer tomography are completely different in their physical bases. The yield, therefore, different informations in the examination of space-space-occupying lesions in the orbit. The informations which can be recorded from normal and pathologic tissues in the orbit are described in this paper. The value, but also the limitations, of the various diagnostic methods are demonstrated in clinical cases. The reliable diagnosis of unilateral, progressive pseudoprotrusion in high myopia by ultrasound exophthalmometry is described. Facilities and diagnostic value of ultrasonography and X-ray computer tomography in the localisation of orbital tumours and in the determination of their relationship to the orbital walls are discussed. The diagnostic management in intermittent exophthalmos, in orbital abscess and in Grave's disease is reported. The complete ophthalmic examination is followed by ultrasound exophthalmometry and--if indicated--A- and B-scan ultrasonography of orbital tissues. Computed X-ray tomography is indicated in all tumour-suspicious lesions within the orbit. The results of diagnostic ultrasonography and computed X-ray tomography may complete each other in a very helpful manner. The combined evaluation yields better results than the use of only one of these methods. In orbital varices we recommend, to supplement ultrasonography by venography and eventually arteriography. In diagnoses of orbital abscesses resulting from paranasal sinusitis it may usually suffice to combine ultrasound diagnosis with native X-ray examinations. Good interdisciplinary cooperation in diagnosis and therapy is mandatory in all patients with space-occupying orbital lesions. PMID- 703143 TI - [Fluorescence angiography as a basis for successful prophylactic and therapeutic light coagulation for diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The fluorescence angiogramme served as a basis for the plan of treatment and as a criterion of treatment success in 192 patients with diabetic retinopathy who underwent xenon-light coagulation between January 1971 and October 1972. In 64 patients this success could be statistically evaluated comparing the untreated partner eye according to the exact Fisher-test. The rate of success of light coagulation showed itself to be statistically highly significant (p less than 0.01%) with regard to retinal morphology and haemodynamics, but with regard to visual acuity only statistically barely significant (p less than 5%). For the influencing of the capillary occlusion process with light coagulation no statistical significance (p = 25.19%) was found, and for the influencing of the capillary permeation disturbances with light coagulation a slight statistical significancing of the capillary permeation disturbances with light coagulation a slight statistical significnace (p less than 5%) was calculated. For avoiding or hindering present or threatened new vessel formation with light coagulation we calculated a statistical significance of p less than 1%. PMID- 703144 TI - [Metastatic deposits of carcinoma in the choroid (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on choroid metastatic deposits from primary tumors of other organs with regard to a survey of the literature and personal observations. 85% of the choroid secondary growths occur after breast cancer in women with an average latency of 3 1/2 years. The ophthalmological appearances and the fluorescence-angiographical phenomena are discussed with regard to the differential diagnosis of melanoma and haemangioma of the choroid. The therapeutic procedure for secondary deposits of mamma carcinoma is considered. PMID- 703145 TI - [Metabolite changes and ulcer formation in the cornea. Experiments with acid burns of varying severity (author's transl)]. AB - Acid burns with 0,25 n H2SO4 constantly cause mild corneal opacities. Burns with 2 n acid are too severe to be investigated for more than one week. Lactate and pyruvate levels drop in the aqueous and, less pronounced, in the cornea. A very similar decrease of glucose levels in aqueous and cornea can be found depending in its degree on the acid concentration used. In milder burns the levels return to normal within 2--3 weeks. The results can be explained by changes of the blood aqueous barrier and of the rate of aqueous flow. It seems very unlikely that the metabolite changes cause the formation of corneal ulcers, as severe ulcerations can be found along with almost normal metabolite levels. PMID- 703146 TI - [The influence of Poly-HEMA and silicone contact lenses on corneal thickness (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of permanent wear contact lenses (highly oxygen permeable silicone and less oxygen permeable highly hydrophilic Poly-HEMA) on corneal thickness was evaluated in 22 volunteers. Poly-HEMA lenses provoked a highly significant increase in corneal thickness not correlated with the fitting technique, while no significant variation in corneal thickness was observed under silicone lenses. PMID- 703147 TI - [Retinal detachment in the aphakic eye (author's transl)]. AB - The picture of retinal detachment following cataractextraction is studied in 86 cases of aphakic detachment, and the hypothesis that two different forms of detachment exists is proposed. In order to study this hypothesis the time interval, the refraction and the type of tear is analysed. The results seem to indicate that two forms are present. The first one, the so-called "non: aphakic" detachment, appears in the predisposed eye and will occur after a short time interval. The other form, the "true" aphakic detachment appears at a later stage and though this form more often shows no clear-cut tear the prognosis seems to be somewhat better. PMID- 703148 TI - [Perimetry in glaucoma. Liminal and supraliminal stimuli (author's transl)]. AB - With supraliminal, evenly moving targets absolute and relative glaucomatous visual field defects may be picked up as well as sensory alterations, even if static and kinetic perimetry seem to be normal. The method and their results in 53 eyes are described. Isolated findings in the nasal peripheral field are frequent and call for an accurate evaluation of this region in the search of early glaucomatous changes. PMID- 703149 TI - [On Harada's disease (author's transl)]. AB - 2 cases of Harada's disease are reported: in one cases there was a most severe uveo-encephalitis, the other showed only ocular manifestation (according to Shimizu in about 95% of the cases), the diagnosis was made sure by fluorescence photography. PMID- 703150 TI - [Pyoderma vegetans of the eye-lid (author's transl)]. AB - A cases of Pyoderma vegetans attacking only the outer skin of the eyelid and leaving free the conjunctiva is reported. The diagnosis of this rare condition, belonging to the pemphigus diseases, depends on clinical course and especially on histological investigation. The aetiology of Pyoderma vegetans still remains unknown, an immun-pathological mechanism is discussed. PMID- 703151 TI - [Reversible irregular corneal astigmation in disseminated neurodermatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Neurodermitis disseminata may often involve the eyes. A case report is described with development of an irregular astigmatism of the cornea, which resolved spontaneously. Possibilities of transitory alteration of refraction are discussed. PMID- 703152 TI - [The Bifosolar Ideal light-protection spectacles (author's transl)]. AB - Bifosolar glass is made without heating, therefore the phototropic material keeps unchanged its original light sensitivity. A further development of the Biofosolar glass leads to the "Bifosolar Ideal dual strenght glass". This can be used in reduced visual acuity by combining with additional corrections up to 8.0 dioptres. The author describes the manufacture and the technical data of the various Bifosolar glasses. PMID- 703153 TI - [Conservative and surgical treatment of glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703154 TI - [Comparison of the effects of mannitol, glycerol and furosemide on the intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703155 TI - [Effect of ethanol on the intraocular pressure and the value of outflow coefficient in patients with glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703157 TI - [Fellow eye in acute glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703156 TI - [Propranolol in treatment of simple glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703158 TI - [On the problem of fellow eye in primary acute angle-closure glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703160 TI - [Juvenile glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703159 TI - [Course of and prognosis in acute glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703161 TI - [The use of electronic calculation technique for assessing the results of treatment of patients with glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703162 TI - [Case record in a glaucoma outpatient clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 703163 TI - [Comparison of early and late results of trabeculectomy by the method of Cairns and Fronimopoulos (author's transl)]. PMID- 703164 TI - [Trabeculectomy: own observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 703165 TI - [Results of goniectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 703166 TI - [Results of Elliot-Fronimopoulos operation in patients with primary glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703167 TI - [Trabeculectomy alone or in combination with operation for cataract (author's transl)]. PMID- 703168 TI - [Trabecultectomy with simultaneous removal of cataract: Own observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 703169 TI - [Changes and technical improvements in trabeculectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 703170 TI - [Late results of operations against glaucoma of Preziosi-Scheie-Malbran (author's transl)]. PMID- 703171 TI - [Comparative analysis of surgical treatment of glaucoma by the method of Scheie Malbran under macrosurgical and microsurgical conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 703172 TI - [Comparison of results of filtering iridectomy and corneoscleral trephining by the classical method and in the intrascleral modification (author's transl)]. PMID- 703173 TI - [Appearance of the iridocorneal angle in light microscopy and scanning microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 703174 TI - [Gonioscopic appearance and function of the visual system after fistula production by the method of Augustin (author's transl)]. PMID- 703175 TI - [Experimental cycloanemization by bipolar diathermy (author's transl)]. PMID- 703176 TI - [Assessment of the effectiveness of cycloangiodiathermy with simultaneous posterior stratal trephination of sclera (author's transl)]. PMID- 703177 TI - [Retrospective examinations of children with congenital glaucoma after operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 703178 TI - [Modification of the method of cyanacrylate adhesive application for management of large corneal wounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 703179 TI - [Use of contact lens and cryotherapy in treatment of corneal ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 703180 TI - [Microcryogenic therapy and pharmacotherapy of corneal opacities (preliminary communication) (author's transl)]. PMID- 703181 TI - [Closure of superficial corneal vessels in rabbits by means of diathermy and argon laser (author's transl)]. PMID- 703183 TI - [Eyeball injuries associated with facial trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 703184 TI - [Long-term influence of vibration on the visual system (author's transl)]. PMID- 703185 TI - [Changes in the visual system connected with closure or narrowing of carotid arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 703182 TI - [Investigations on autoimmunization of eye tissues during experimental uveitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703186 TI - [Effects of anaesthesia and operation on the psychic state of patients operated upon for senile cataract (author's transl)]. PMID- 703187 TI - [The role of ciliary anterior and posterior arteries in vascularization of the ciliary body and iris (author's transl)]. PMID- 703188 TI - [Uveal microcirculation with particular reference to the ciliary body and iris: I. Physiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 703189 TI - [Uveal microcirculation with particular reference to the ciliary body and iris: II. Pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 703190 TI - [Optic nerve disc types in children with squint (author's transl)]. PMID- 703191 TI - [On the blood-retinal barrier (author's transl)]. PMID- 703192 TI - [Operation for ptosis by the method of Friedenwald-Guyton in the modification of W. J. Kapuscinski (author's transl)]. PMID- 703193 TI - [Pigmentary retinopathy and changes in hearing organ (author's transl)]. PMID- 703194 TI - [Cryotherapy in treatment of corneal burns caused by lime (author's transl)]. PMID- 703195 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of glaucoma in a case with posterior embryotoxon (author's transl)]. PMID- 703196 TI - [Glaucoma associated with other ophthalmic developmental anomalies in Sturge Weber syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 703197 TI - [A rare case of acquired ocular toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703198 TI - [Clinical aspects of sporadic cases of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis]. PMID- 703199 TI - [Pathognomonic nature of clinical symptoms in echinococcal granulosis of the liver]. PMID- 703200 TI - [Local factors in gastric mucosa lesions caused by antirheumatic agents]. PMID- 703201 TI - [Papain as a therapeutic enzyme in medicine]. PMID- 703202 TI - [Case of osteogenesis imperfecta with congenital ectasia of the renal pelvis and kidney calculi]. PMID- 703203 TI - [Specific features of Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 703204 TI - [Diagnosis and clinical aspects of diffuse calcinosis]. PMID- 703206 TI - [Disputable problems of Urow's (Kashin-Beck) disease]. PMID- 703205 TI - [Modern methods in treatment of hypertensive crises]. PMID- 703207 TI - [Role of L-form bacteria and mycoplasma in the etiology and pathology of pyelonephritis]. PMID- 703208 TI - [Latent form of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 703210 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis of chronic renal insufficiency in patients with kidney tuberculosis]. PMID- 703209 TI - [Functional and morphological changes of the heart in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 703211 TI - [Latent renal insufficiency in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 703212 TI - [Study of hormones of the thyroid gland in early postoperative period]. PMID- 703213 TI - [Pneumothyroidography with direct contrasting of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 703214 TI - [Problems of infectious pathology in the Baikal-Amur Trunk Line area]. PMID- 703215 TI - [Correction of sulfhydryl group level in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 703216 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid relationship in patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease treated with chloditan]. PMID- 703217 TI - [Thoracophrenotomy as a method in adrenalectomy]. PMID- 703218 TI - [Gas exchange in patients with chronic cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency during hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 703219 TI - [Hemodialysis in the treatment of acute renal insufficiency in septic abortions]. PMID- 703221 TI - [Excretion of sialic acids in urine in frostbite]. PMID- 703220 TI - [Evaluation of thymectomy in the treatment of partial red blood cell aplasia in the bone marrow]. PMID- 703222 TI - [Diagnostic importance of fibrinogen degradation products in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 703223 TI - [Clinical variants of congenital cerebellar ataxia5]. PMID- 703224 TI - [Clinical variants of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome]. PMID- 703225 TI - [Combined administration of cholinolytic metamizil and L-Dopa in vascular parkinsonism]. PMID- 703226 TI - [Behavior of patients with personality disorders in a therapeutic clinic]. PMID- 703227 TI - [Psychotherapy in chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis]. PMID- 703229 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of bacterial shock]. PMID- 703228 TI - [Prevention and treatment of side effects of antiepileptic drugs]. PMID- 703230 TI - [Columna posterior vascular syndrome in cervical osteochondrosis and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 703231 TI - [Anaphylactic reaction following subcutaneous administration of tetanus anatoxin]. PMID- 703232 TI - [Nature of general and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with ischemic stroke]. PMID- 703233 TI - [Difficulties and errors in diagnosis of static-hypoxic encephalopathies]. PMID- 703234 TI - [Changes in brain hemodynamics in patients with hypertension due to the effect of graded physical stress]. PMID- 703235 TI - [Central hemodynamics and heart systole in patients with arterial aneurysms of the brain]. PMID- 703236 TI - [New method in roentgenodiagnosis-computerized tomography]. PMID- 703237 TI - [Pseudostroke conditions in some somatic diseases]. PMID- 703238 TI - [Effect of baralgin on cerebral circulation indices in vascular headache]. PMID- 703239 TI - [Use of thermal pulsation during restorative period of brain infarction]. PMID- 703240 TI - [Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 703241 TI - [Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of nervous system diseases in acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 703242 TI - [ECG changes in injuries of the spine and spinal cord]. PMID- 703243 TI - [Analysis of pathoanatomic data at Irkutsk Clinic for nervous system Diseases on infectious diseases of the nervous system over 20-year period (1956--75)]. PMID- 703244 TI - [Changes in clinical symptomatology and course of tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 703245 TI - [Some questions of the nervous system in internal medicine]. PMID- 703246 TI - [Clinical aspects of epidemic parotitis in adults]. PMID- 703247 TI - [Comparative clinical characteristics of influenza A1 and influenza A2]. PMID- 703248 TI - Breeding and reproductive physiology of the desert gerbil, Meriones crassus. AB - Meriones crassus were bred under laboratory conditions. The mean gestation period was 21.6 days, with a range between 21 and 24 days. The mean litter size was 4.4. Mean litter size varied from 3.4 in October to 5.6 in April. Studies of vaginal smears revealed four phases of the estrous cycle, and the mean length of this cycle was 2--8 days. Most females experienced postpartum estrus, and the majority of postpartum matings were fertile. Mating was not observed during lactation. Implantation was delayed if the female suckled more than two young, and gestation was then prolonged to over 30 days. Young gerbils were weaned by the fourth week and attained adult size within 3 months from birth. PMID- 703249 TI - A mask for the artificial respiration of rats. AB - A simple artificial respiration mask for rats was constructed from the drip chamber of an intravenous solution administration set. The mask was held in place by means of straps and a hole through which the maximillary incisors protruded. This mask permitted artificial ventilation during drug-induced respiratory paralysis, was easily and inexpensively constructed, and may be used with a variety of positive pressure respirators. PMID- 703250 TI - Surgical removal of the pyloric antrum in weanling rats. AB - A method was devised for surgical removal of the pyloric antrum in 3-week-old rats. Contrary to published experiences with older rats, it was found that ligation of right and left gastroepiploic arteries was not necessary in young animals. Erythrocytes and fluids were routinely administered postoperatively, and recovered animals were denied access to water and food for 2 and 3 days, respectively. When the rats were fasted overnight prior to surgery, the recovery rate was 87% (27 of 31 attempted). Surgical sites were intact and showed minimal adhesions 2 months later. When overnight fasting was omitted, only 57% survived (8 of 14 attempted), because extensive manipulations were necessary to remove gastric contents, and this often produced shock. PMID- 703251 TI - An automatic apparatus for feeding successive meals to rats during predetermined time intervals. AB - A method was developed to control the amount, composition and timing of four meals per day for laboratory rats. Food was weighed into cups and inserted under metal covers in cages. An apparatus was built and tested for retracting each cover and exposing the food at a predetermined time of day. PMID- 703252 TI - Isolation of Pasteurella aerogenes from the uterus of a rabbit following abortion. AB - Pasteurella aerogenes was isolated from the uterus and peritoneal cavity of a rabbit which died 4 days after abortion. Histopathologic observations confirmed a bacterial infection. Mouse pathogenicity tests indicated that this organism was an opportunistic pathogen that might have been responsible for the stillbirths. The cultural and biochemical characteristics of this isolate were similar to those of the Pasteurella aerogenes isolated from swine. This is the first report describing the isolation of Pasteurella aerogenes from a rabbit. PMID- 703254 TI - Techniques for sampling ventricular and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid from unanesthetized cattle. PMID- 703253 TI - Pathologic changes induced by an euthanasia agent. AB - Dogs and cats killed by intravenous injection of either 0.3 ml/kg body weight T 61 or 100 mg/kg body weight pentoarbital and necropsied at less than 5 minutes or at 15 minutes after injection did not have gross or microscopic pathological changes. However, dogs and cats killed with T-61 at a dose of 1.0--1.5 ml/kg body weight and necropsied at 15 minutes after injection had significant gross and microscopic pathological lesions. Grossly, the lungs were severely edematous, did not collapse, and were deep red. Microscopically, the lungs had severe pulmonary edema and endothelial necrosis. Endothelial swelling of glomerular tuft vessels was also present. These lung and kidney lesions are classified as an euthanasia artefact. PMID- 703255 TI - A bit to immobilize the endotracheal tube in the intubated rabbit. PMID- 703256 TI - The Frisbee: an unconventional feed container. PMID- 703257 TI - Lysosomal enzymuria in the testosterone-treated mouse. A manifestation of cell defecation of residual bodies. PMID- 703259 TI - Coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in New Orleans. II. Comparison of lesions by age, sex, and race. PMID- 703258 TI - Coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in New Orleans. I. Sampling bias due to source of autopsy specimens. PMID- 703260 TI - Experimental production of longitudinal smooth muscle cells in the intima of muscular arteries. AB - Longitudinal smooth muscle cells were produced in the intima of muscular arteries in order to determine their method of development. Longitudinally arranged smooth muscle cells are present regularly in the intima of muscular arteries in man. Although absent in mesenteric arteries of the rat, layers of these cells were formed in these arteries after the insertion of a ligature through the mesentery. The resulting damage to, and subsequent repair of the arteries in the fibrotic area around the ligature apparently induced the development of longitudinal, intimal smooth muscle cells. When the mesentery was fixed to the diaphragm in such a way that it followd its respiratory movements with intermittent stretching of the mesenteric arteries, intimal smooth muscle cells developed only when the ligature through the mesentery caused local damage. Intermittent stretching as such had no effect. PMID- 703261 TI - Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of mitochondrial deposits in sideroblastic anemia. AB - Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis was used to analyze mitochondrial and lysosomal iron-containing deposits in sideroblastic anemia. Although it has been previously known that these deposits contain iron by inference from Prussian blue staining, the possible presence of other cations as well as the nature of the anions present has not been identified. The results show that the mitochondrial deposits in erythroid cells have peaks for iron and phosphorus indicating that they do not represent calcifications which commonly occur following injury and that the principal anion may be phosphorus. Studies of hemosiderin and ferritin aggregates in lysosomes of macrophages in the same bone marrow samples again reveal similar peaks for iron and phosphorus. The results also indicate the probable similarity of mitochondrial and macrophage deposists although ferritin itself was never identified in the mitochondrial deposits. The results illustrate the potential of this method for diagnostic and investigative pathology. PMID- 703262 TI - Functional, biochemical, and morphologic changes in alveolar macrophages following thoracic x-irradiation. AB - Alveolar macrophages lavaged from mice at various times after 1800 rads of thoracic x-irradiation were compared to control mice. Determination of their numbers, size distribution, glass adherence, latex particle uptake, cytochemistry, morphology, protein, phospholipid, and hydrolytic enzyme composition showed that defective bacterial uptake and clearance, which has been demonstrated by other workers, may be related to a transient decrease in their numbers rather than activity. A decrease in numbers is explainable on the basis of a population of radiosensitive precursors in the lung interstitium. The work load in the alveolar space may prolong the duration of their residence in the alveoli as well as increase their size and content of hydrolytic enzymes and ingested surfactant components. PMID- 703263 TI - Characterization of lipid-laden aortic cells from cholesterol-fed rabbits. II. Morphometric analysis of lipid-filled lysosomes and lipid droplets in aortic cell populations. PMID- 703265 TI - Leprosy endemicity in the light of population genetics. PMID- 703264 TI - Freeze-fracture of membrane fusions in phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Freeze-fracture of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the process of phagocytosing yeast cells shows changes in storage granule and phagosome membranes essentially similar to those described in mammalian secretroy cells during exocytosis. These changes consist of the clearing of intramembrane particle from limited zones of the fusing granule and phagosome membranes. After the completion of fusion, which leads to the incorporation of storage granule membrane into the phagosome membrane, particle-free patches are no longer visible, but the phagosome membrane contains some loose aggregates of particles. These data suggest that intracellular membrane fusion in polymorphonuclear leukocytes occurs through interaction of protein-depleted areas of the involved membranes. PMID- 703266 TI - Leprosy and ABO blood groups. AB - 250 patients of Lepromatous and Non-lepromatous Leprosy were studied. The statistical analysis showed that there is no relationship between the blood groups and Lepromatous or Non-lepromatous Leprosy. The results are discussed in comparison with the work of other authors. PMID- 703267 TI - Syndrome of crocodile tears caused by lepra bacilli. AB - A case of the syndrome of crocodile tears as a result of tuberculoid type of leprosy is reported to lend support that the syndrome may be caused by this disease after a long period of its onset. PMID- 703268 TI - Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in leprosy infection. PMID- 703269 TI - Strategy on leprosy control. PMID- 703270 TI - Can the dapsone-creatinine ratio in urine be used to monitor therapy in rural areas? PMID- 703271 TI - Effects of noise and rhythmic stimulation on the speech of stutterers. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effects of noise and rhythmic stimulation on stutterers' vocal fundamental frequency, vowel duration, and vocal level, and the relation these variables have to one another and to stuttering during noise and rhythmic stimulation. Measurements of speech variables were obtained from audio and graphic-level recordings and from narrow- and broad-band spectrograms. Results indicated that stuttering was significantly reduced during noise and rhythmic stimulation with the reduction during rhythmic stimulation being significantly greater than the reduction during noise. Decreases in stuttering were correlated with increases in vowel duration during both conditions for seven of nine subjects. We interpret our findings to suggest that temporal changes in speech production are related to the decrease in stuttering that occurs during noise and rhythmic stimulation. PMID- 703272 TI - Toward measuring how well hearing-impaired children speak. AB - Average intelligibility scores for a group of 37 hearing-impaired and two normally hearing adolescents were determined by 50 normal listeners and were compared with nine acoustically measured speech variables. These nine variables included measurements of consonant production, vowel production, and prosody. Regression analysis of the variables showed that three of the speech variables bore a multiple correlation of 0.85 with measured intelligibility scores. Two variables alone, the mean voice-onset-time difference between /t/ and /d/ and the mean second-formant difference between /i/ and /c/, accounted for about 70% of the variance in the intelligibility scores. To cross-validate the reliability of these correlations, intelligibility scores were subsequently predicted for another group of 30 hearing-impaired adolescents and then compared with intelligibility scores as determined by another group of normal listeners. For this second group, the correlation between measured intelligibility scores and predicted scores was 0.86, which indicates that the reliability of the predicting variables is high. Five of the nine variables correlated more highly with measured speech intelligibility than did pure-tone audiometric thresholds. The average speech intelligibility of all 67 hearing-impaired subjects was 76%. PMID- 703273 TI - Experimental acquisition of wh-questions in language-disordered children. AB - Twenty-four language-disordered children were trained, through modeling with a problem-solving set, to produce a question form involving a wh- word-who, what, or where-in a structure requiring either auxiliary is or auxiliary does. Results indicated the subsequent use of the trained auxiliary across wh- words and, to a lesser extent, the subsequent use of untrained as well as trained wh- words. These results suggest that the training of one multioperation structure may result in the acquisition of two partially independent linguistic operations. Such patterns of acquisition could result in an increase in the efficiency of language training. PMID- 703274 TI - Vocal roughness and jitter characteristics of vowels produced by esophageal speakers. AB - Audiotape recordings of sustained vowels produced by nine esophageal speakers were subjected to acoustic and perceptual analysis. Results indicated that (1) the magnitude of vocal jitter present in the vowels was substantially larger than that observed in normal speakers and speakers with laryngeal/vocal disturbance, (2) listeners could reliably rate the severity of vocal roughness in the vowels, (3) voices of esophageal speakers were characterized by varying degrees of vocal roughness, and (4) mean fundamental frequency, mean jitter, or jitter ratio measures did not serve as useful predictors of the perceived severity of vocal roughness. These findings are interpreted to suggest that the mechanism esophageal speakers employ to regulate fundamental frequency is substantially different from that employed by normal speakers and that the identity of physical variables underlying the perception of roughness severity in naturally produced human speech is not well understood. PMID- 703275 TI - Some waveform and spectral features of vowel roughness. AB - Acoustic wave-period variation (jitter) and acoustic wave-amplitude variation (shimmer) associated with vowel phonations representing a range of vocal roughness were investigated. Twenty normal-speaking adult males phonated each of the vowels /u/, /i/, /v/, /a/, and /ae/, first normally and then with simulated abnormal vocal roughness. Twenty hoarse adult males, each presenting a medically diagnosed laryngeal pathology, also produced each of the five test vowels. To provide a measurable presentation of the frequency and amplitude variations of interest, each recorded vowel was band-pass filtered to isolate the fundamental frequency component. Relations of the jitter and shimmer indices (obtained from the filtered vowel waves) to acoustic spectral noise levels and to roughness ratings for the vowel phonations were studied. The findings supported the hypothesis that increases in vowel acoustic wave variability (estimated by period or amplitude variation or both) are associated with increases in vowel spectral noise levels and perceived vowel roughness. The findings also suggested, for most of the vowels studied, that cyclic peak amplitude variation may provide a better index of perceived roughness than cyclic period variation. Vowel spectral noise levels, however, may provide a more clinically useful indicant of vowel roughness than the waveform variability indices derived from the filtering procedure employed in this study. PMID- 703276 TI - Correlates of psychological dimensions in talker similarity. AB - This investigation identifies correlates of psychological dimensions in talker similarity. Twenty adult male talkers recorded a monosyllabic word, and 13 acoustic measurements were made from spectrograms of each talker's production. All possible pairs of voices were presented to 11 adult listeners for similarity judgments via a paired-comparison paradigm. A four-dimensional INDSCAL analysis of the similarity ratings was employed to derive psychological dimensions of talker similarity. Correlations between the acoustic measurements and the INDSCAL dimensions revealed that fundamental frequency and word duration were moderately correlated with two of the psychological dimensions. The other two dimensions were not convincingly correlated with any of the acoustic measurements, but are best described as representing voice quality and talker age. A listener's familiarity with the talkers did not seem to influence his judgment of voice similarity. PMID- 703277 TI - Variation in perioral reflex amplitude prior to lip muscle contraction for speech. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine variations in the amplitude of the perioral reflex that may occur during the reaction time interval before voluntary muscle contraction for speech. Four normal adults produced the syllable /wi/ as quickly as possible in response to a low level electric shock while electromyographic recordings of the orbicularis oris inferior muscle (OOI) were made. During the reaction time interval a precise mechanical stretch was applied at the corner of the mouth to elicit the first component of the perioral reflex. Analysis of the resulting data revealed a significant increase in perioral reflex amplitude occurring between 30 and 50 msec before the onset of voluntary OOI contraction. It is concluded that the observed increases in reflex amplitude were the result of increased excitability of brainstem interneurons and/or motoneurons mediating the perioral reflex. The central mechanisms underlying such excitability increases and their significance for understanding speech motor control are discussed. PMID- 703278 TI - Acoustic-reflex dynamics for pulsed signals. AB - Contralateral acoustic-reflex measurements were taken for 10 normal-hearing subjects using a pulsed broadband noise as the reflex-activating signal. Acoustic impedance was measured at selected times during the on (response maximum) and off (response minimum) portions of the pulsed activator over a 2-min interval as a function of activator period and duty cycle. Major findings were that response maxima increased as a function of time for longer duty cycles and that response minima increased as a function of time for all duty cycles. It is hypothesized that these findings are attributable to the recovery characteristics of the stapedius muscle. An explanation of portions of the results from previous temporary threshold shift experiments on the basis of acoustic-reflex dynamics is proposed. PMID- 703280 TI - Measurement of attack-release times in compression hearing aids. AB - A system for measurement of attack-release times in hearing aids with automatic gain-control circuitry is described, with a view toward implementing that portion of the ANSI S3.22-1976 Standard in which parameters for these measurements are specified. Signal generation is accomplished by using a phased-array loudspeaker arrangement designed to produce transient-free pulsed acoustic sinusoids. Output waveforms are captured by a commercial transient recorder, and are displayed in either an oscilloscopic or graphic mode. A specific means of calculating attack and release times is recommended whereby variously shaped output waveforms are amenable to the basic protocol outlined in the ANSI Standard. PMID- 703279 TI - Central auditory function in stutterers. AB - Central auditory function was assessed in 10 stutterers and 10 nonstutterers. Performance of the two groups was compared for seven audiometric procedures including acoustic reflex threshold, acoustic reflex amplitude function, performance intensity function for monosyllabic phonetically balanced (PB) words, performance intensity function for Synthetic Sentence Identification, Synthetic Sentence Identification with Ipsilateral Competing Message, Synthetic Sentence Identification with Contralateral Competing Message, and the Staggered Spondaic Word test. Relative to the control group, the performance of the stuttering group was depressed on three procedures--the acoustic reflex amplitude function, Synthetic Identification with Ipsilateral Competing Message, and Staggered Spondaic Word test. As a group, the stutterers presented evidence of a central auditory deficiency. The pattern of test results suggests a disorder at the brainstem level. The subtlety of the deficiency is emphasized. PMID- 703282 TI - Intraoral air pressure during the production of /p/ and /b/ by children, youths, and adults. AB - Peak intraoral air pressures produced by 12 children (age four to six years), 12 youths (age 10 to 12 years), and 12 adults (age 19 to 46 years) were measured during the production of /p/ and /b/ in 12 stimulus words placed in a carrier phrase. Mean pressures produced by children and youths were similar but significantly higher than those for adults. Pressures associated with /p/ were significantly higher than those associated with /b/ across all age groups. Mean pressures associated with the intervocalic context were significantly higher than for the postvocalic context. An inverse relationship was found between age and variability of intraoral pressure, and the variability of pressure associated with /b/ was greater across all age groups than that associated with /p/. PMID- 703281 TI - Presentation by order of difficulty of test tasks to persons with aphasia. AB - To determine the effects of arranging test tasks by order of difficulty, two test forms were administered to each of 20 patients with aphasia. The two test forms were split halves of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability. One of the test forms, Form EH, was presented to each patient with the subtests arranged for the individual subject in an order from easy to hard. The other test form, Form HE, was administered to each subject in the hard-to-easy order. There was no significant difference between the performance of the subjects on the Form EH and their performance on Form HE. PMID- 703283 TI - Inflectional morphemes in the manual English of young hearing-impaired children and their mothers. AB - Spontaneous sign-language samples were collected in a controlled interactive situation from 20 young hearing-impaired children and their mothers. Inflectional morphemes in the samples were described by cher attributes and classified for syntactic function within utterances. Inflectional morpheme productivity did not increase significantly with age; mean manual English morphemes per utterance did increase with age. The first six inflectional morphemes used by the children studied were the same as those used by normal-hearing children. A good predictor of the child's use of inflectional morphemes was the mother's use of these morphemes. PMID- 703284 TI - Comprehension of inflectional morphemes by deaf children exposed to a visual English sign system. AB - A test of morpheme-based concepts was administered to 67 deaf children who were exposed to Seeing Essential English (SEE). Results indicated that these children show the following order of acquisition for the inflectional morphemes tested: plural -s, past tense -ed, present progressive -ing, possessive -'s, third person present indicative -s, comparative -er, superlative -est, and present perfect en. There were no effects of sex, age, or school from which the subjects were selected. The main contribution to the subjects' performances were their lengths of exposure to SEE. PMID- 703285 TI - Relation between sound intensity and the latency and amplitude of the brainstem auditory evoked response. AB - This study investigated the relation of peak amplitude and latency to signal intensity for the brainstem auditory evoked response (BSAER). One thousand clicks were presented to obtain each averaged response. Responses were obtained to clicks presented at sensation levels of 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 dB. Five adult males who demonstrated normal hearing served as subjects. Latency and amplitude for various wavelets were plotted against signal intensity. A consistent trend of decreased peak latency occurred with increased signal intensity. Contrary to previous reports, the amplitude of Wavelet V showed a linear growth with increased signal intensity. PMID- 703286 TI - Effects of signal rise time and frequency on the brainstem auditory evoked response. AB - Two experiments studied the effects of signal rise time and frequency on the brainstem auditory evoked response. In Experiment 1, five different rise times were presented, fast (10 microseconds), 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 msec at a center frequency of 1000 Hz at three sensation levels, 20, 40, and 60 dB. As rise time was increased, response amplitude and detectability decreased and response latency increased. In Experiment 2, tonal pips were presented at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz at 40-dB sensation level. Although the effects of frequency and signal rise time were confounded, no frequency effect was apparent. PMID- 703287 TI - Thermal responses during submaximal and maximal exercises in man. PMID- 703288 TI - Factor pattern of performance structure examined by spiroergometry. PMID- 703289 TI - Short duration, high intensity aerobic training and retrogression. PMID- 703290 TI - Training and detraining effects on aerobic power in middle-aged and older men. PMID- 703291 TI - Maximal oxygen consumption, body composition and anthropometry of selected olympic male athletes. PMID- 703292 TI - Anthropometric measurements, and arm and leg speed performance of male and female swimmers as predictors of swim speed. PMID- 703293 TI - Analysis of reaction time, speed, and body composition of college football players. PMID- 703294 TI - The influence of training upon physiological and psychological parameters in young athletes. PMID- 703295 TI - Selected physical and cardiorespiratory parameters of active males, aged 40-59. PMID- 703296 TI - Unexpected cardiovascular responses in athletes. PMID- 703297 TI - Assessment of the cardiovascular fitness of sportsmen. The subjective assessments of team trainers compared with results of two field test and laboratory determination of physical working capacity. PMID- 703298 TI - Comparison of the physical performance of physical education students with school boys of the same age. PMID- 703299 TI - Non-esterified fatty acids during arm exercise. PMID- 703300 TI - Motor function of the vagally innervated antrum following segmental gastric resection in dogs. PMID- 703301 TI - Myocardial oxygen transport. The interrelationship of coronary blood flow, oxygen diffusion and capillary recruitment. PMID- 703302 TI - Effects of pulsatile perfusion upon left ventricular function. PMID- 703304 TI - Hyaluronidase activity during open wound healing in rabbits: a preliminary report. PMID- 703303 TI - Hepatic mitochondrial deterioration after pancreatectomy in dogs. PMID- 703305 TI - Effects of calcitonin on wound healing: a morphological study in rabbits. PMID- 703307 TI - Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: state of the art, 1978. PMID- 703306 TI - Distribution of glucose in the pedicle skin flaps of guinea pigs. PMID- 703308 TI - Modern principles of blood transfusion therapy. PMID- 703309 TI - Clinical presentations in sarcoidosis. PMID- 703310 TI - Case report. Hypopigmented sarcoidosis. PMID- 703311 TI - Medical grand rounds: simultaneous infectious mononucleosis and scarlet fever. PMID- 703312 TI - X-ray of the month. PMID- 703313 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 703314 TI - On the prevention of alcohol problems and alcoholism. PMID- 703315 TI - Drinking patterns in Western New York State. Comparison with national data. AB - A survey of 1041 adults in Western New York State revealed many of the general associations between drinking patterns and selected sociodemographic factors seen nationwide, but the absolute rates of heavy drinking were consistently higher. PMID- 703316 TI - Drinking patterns of greater Boston adults. Subgroups differences on the QFV index. AB - A survey of the Boston metropolitan area correlated drinking patterns with sex, age, race, marital status and social class; findings were compared with previous studies in Boston, San Francisco and nationwide. PMID- 703317 TI - Tribal affiliation and prevalence of alcohol problems. AB - Differences in tribal culture, history and settlement may explain why Indians in eastern Oklahoma have lower rates of alcohol-related arrests and deaths than do Indians in the western part of the state. PMID- 703318 TI - Attitudinal and normative variables as predictors of drinking behavior. AB - In a study of three groups of subjects, attitudes toward drinking were positively related to drinking behavior, and personal, but not social, normative beliefs were useful predictors of drinking. PMID- 703319 TI - Effect of intravenous infusion of ethanol on plasma glucose, lactic acid and pyruvic acid concentrations in miniature swine. AB - Fructose, infused intravenously with ethanol, alleviated ethanol-induced hypoglycemia in adult miniature swine at all concentrations tested. Increases in plasma lactic acid and pyruvic acid concentrations also were found. PMID- 703320 TI - Effect of ethanol on carbohydrate metabolism. II. Influence on glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. AB - A single moderate dose (0.4 g per kg of body weight) of ethanol given orally with a glucose load resulted in exaggerated glucose intolerance and inhibition of glucose mediated-insulin response in mildly diabetic rats. PMID- 703321 TI - Lower dominance ranking associated with delay in development of aversion to ethanol in mice. AB - Mice with a slower development of aversion to 3% ethanol solutions were slower to develop aggressive combat skills. Plasma testosterone levels did not decrease in another similarly treated group. PMID- 703322 TI - The alcoholic's spouse, children and family interactions. Substantive findings and methodological issues. AB - Literature on the personality characteristics of spouses of alcoholics, on the psychosocial status of children of alcoholics and on alcoholic-spouse and alcoholic--family interactions is reviewed. PMID- 703323 TI - Correspondence between reports of problem drinkers and spouses on drinking behavior and impairment. AB - Correlations between patients' and spouses' reports of drinking were modest when relatively precise measures of drinking were used but stronger when more global measures were used. PMID- 703324 TI - Empirical derivation of a partial personality typology of alcoholics. AB - Based on data from the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, personality profiles were derived allowing partial classification of 65 to 70% of a group of alcoholics into three categories. PMID- 703325 TI - Evaluation of a Salvation Army alcoholism treatment program. AB - The functioning and participation of 97 men in a treatment program were analyzed in what was judged to be a cost-effective program for Skid Row alcoholics. PMID- 703326 TI - Arrests, readmissions and treatment following release from detoxication centers. AB - Six months following discharge from a detoxication center, almost half of the 522 men studied were arrested, more than half were readmitted to detoxication centers, more than a third entered residential treatment and a quarter began outpatient treatment. PMID- 703327 TI - The impact of training on career mobility of alcoholism counselors. A follow-up study. AB - Graduates of a training program for alcoholism counselors were more likely to remain in the field of alcoholism treatment than were rejected applicants, but the training did not enhance their career satisfaction and advancement. PMID- 703328 TI - Social drinkers' self-regulation of alcohol intake. AB - When drinkers attempted to reproduce a particular drug state, the average difference between the two blood alcohol concentrations was 0.013%. PMID- 703329 TI - Alcohol-related acts of violence: who was drinking and where the acts occurred. AB - Most of the alcohol-related acts of violence studied were martial or other common assaults, the former usually occurring in a private residence after the offender or both spouses had been drinking and the latter likely to occur anywhere after the victim had been drinking. PMID- 703330 TI - Control orientation and disulfiram. AB - Alcoholics electing to take disulfiram were significantly more externally oriented, as measured by Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, than were alcoholics not electing to take disulfiram. PMID- 703331 TI - Estimating behavior--belief congruence in intoxicated persons. PMID- 703332 TI - Impact on traffic safety of the introduction of Sunday alcohol sales in Perth, Western Australia. AB - An analysis of the number of persons killed and casualty accidents in the 3 years before and after the introduction of Sunday sales of alcoholic beverages in Perth, Western Australia, indicates that the new laws had a detrimental effect on traffic safety. PMID- 703333 TI - Use of breathalyzer scores in the evaluation of persons arrested for driving while intoxicated. AB - Because of their moderate correlation with Breathalyzer measurements of blood alcohol concentration, self-reports and clinical judgments of alcohol consumption are unreliable. PMID- 703334 TI - The N.C.A. criteria: a response to Rohan and Filstead et al. PMID- 703335 TI - Relative mutagenic potencies determined in the micronucleus test. PMID- 703336 TI - Dissipative structures in morphogenetic models of the Turing type. PMID- 703337 TI - A model for the temperature dependence of membrane excitability. PMID- 703338 TI - The biological essence of resting cells in cell populations. PMID- 703339 TI - Logical analysis of systems comprising feedback loops. PMID- 703340 TI - Coefficients of relationship and coefficients of relatedness in kin selection: a covariance form for the RHO formula. PMID- 703341 TI - Home range criteria based on temporal stability of areal occupation. PMID- 703342 TI - A simple network thermodynamic method for series-parallel coupled flows. III. Application to coupled solute and volume flows through epithelial membranes. PMID- 703343 TI - Surface growth in rod-shaped bacteria. PMID- 703344 TI - Is nuclear division in Physarum controlled by a continuous limit cycle oscillator? PMID- 703346 TI - The dynamical stability of isometrically contracting muscle and its relation to transient force response. PMID- 703347 TI - A macroscopic approach to population genetics. PMID- 703345 TI - A perm-selective model membrane exhibiting oscillatory behavior. PMID- 703348 TI - On the similarity of dendrograms. PMID- 703349 TI - Tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Clinicopathological features and results of treatment. AB - Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the tracheobronchial tree are extremely uncommon and, as a result, opinions regarding their natural history are conflicting. In an effort to determine whether the tumors are aggressive or relatively benign, we have collected seven well-documented, previously unreported cases from among 4,250 primary pulmonary carcinomas and 116 bronchial adenomas. The two tracheal and five endobronchial lesions presented here include one high-grade and six low grade tumors. Curative resections were performed, including segmental tracheal resections in two patients, lobectomy in three patients, and pneumonectomy in two patients, and the follow-up is complete to the time of this report. Long-term survivals ranging from 5 to 23 years, averaging 12.8 years, have been achieved in the six patients with a low-grade carcinoma. The one high-grade variant proved fatal within 28 months of diagnosis despite two surgical attempts at control and radiotherapy. It is concluded that these tumors exhibit a spectrum of virulence with low-grade lesions amenable to long-term surgical cure. The optimum treatment of high-grade lesions remains problematical. PMID- 703350 TI - Endobronchial lymphoscintigraphy (EBLS). New diagnostic modality. AB - A safe, simple method of visualizing deep intrathoracic lymph nodes and determining regional tracheobronchial lymphatic drainage with colloidal radionuclides has been developed. The tracer is injected submucosally via a bronchoscope and lymph node scanning is performed at least 2 hours later. The technique was developed and tested in seven canine experiments. Endobronchial lymphoscintigraphy (EBLS) has been performed in 43 patients undergoing routine bronchoscopic examination. 99mTc phytate, 198Au colloid, and 99mTc antimony sulfide have been used; the last appears to have been the most satisfactory. The primary lymphatic drainage from selected sites of the tracheobronchial tree could be determined. Up to five lymph nodes have been visualized, with an average of 2.1 lymph nodes seen in those patients with lymph node visualization. Four patterns of lymphatic drainage were seen; ipsilateral ascending, contralateral ascending, descending, and no spread of injected colloid. In some cases cervical and celiac lymph nodes were seen. In combination with conventional diagnostic methods, EBLS in many cases clarified the extent and nature of underlying disease. PMID- 703351 TI - Tracheal growth and healing. AB - Studies of tracheal growth in the rat, puppy, and human being indicate that there is a linear relationship between body weight and tracheal cross-sectional area. Each tracheal cartilage grows continuously, and there appear to be no growth centers. Each cartilage enlarges by proliferation of chondrocytes on the convex surface and resorption of cartilage on the concave surface. Vertical incisions in the trachea heal by fibrous union without interruption of growth. These studies indicate that there is no optimal age for surgical repair of subglottic stenosis, since growth is constant and is not interrupted by vertical incisions in the tracheal rings. PMID- 703352 TI - Reasonable surgery for thoracic neuroblastoma in infants and children. AB - Neuroblastoma is the most commonly encountered soft tissue malignant tumor of childhood. Over the past 30 years we have treated 180 patients with neuroblastoma. Sixty-five percent had primary abdominal tumors and 20 percent (41 patients) had primary chest tumors. For the 22 patients under the age of 2 years, the 2 year survival rate was 87 percent. There were 19 patients who were 2 years of age or older, and of these only seven patients have survived 2 years after the diagnosis was made. The vast majority of these patients were treated with surgery (debulking type procedure) and postoperative radiation and chemotherapy. Patients with the most differentiated tumors had a remarkably good survival rate, with no deaths. However, the tumors with lesser differentiation did not stratify enough focus to draw conclusions as to survival. Staging correlated the least with survival when compared to age or grading. The 2 year survival rates for patients with Stage I, II, III, IV, and IV-S disease were 75, 82, 100, 17, and 80 percent, respectively. In conclusion, 41 cases of documented primary thoracic neuroblastoma are reviewed, with follow-up from 2 to 27 years (average 9.3 years). We have concluded from this experience that age is the main determining factor influencing survival. Heroic and/or radical surgery is contraindicated in this disease. PMID- 703353 TI - Effect of pulmonary microembolism on arteriovenous shunt flow. AB - The effects of acute pulmonary hypertension on the fraction of cardiac output shunted through pulmonary arteriovenous communications have been studied in dogs as a possible cause of hypoxia following pulmonary embolization. Pulmonary artery pressure was increased twofold and then fourfold above control values by embolization of the pulmonary vascular bed with polystyrene microspheres. Quantitative measurements of arteriovenous shunt were determined from the fraction of 50 mu radioactively labeled microspheres injected into the inferior vena cava which passed through the pulmonary circulation into systemic vascular beds. There was no increase in the fraction of pulmonary blood flow passing through pulmonary arteriovenous connections, 50 mu in diameter or greater, with pulmonary microembolism when FIo2 was 1. There was a small increase in arteriovenous shunt fraction when pulmonary artery pressure was increased with an FIo2 of 0.21. Physiological shunt measured by the oxygen technique did not increase with pulmonary embolism, but total venous admixture rose significantly. Postmortem gravimetric measurements of lung water indicated pulmonary edema. We conclude that anatomic arteriovenous shunt channels have little physiological significance after pulmonary microembolism in the dog lung. The major cause of hypoxia immediately after pulmonary microembolism is ventilation/perfusion imbalance, probably caused by pulmonary edema. PMID- 703354 TI - Sequential evaluation of DNCB reactivity in patients with primary lung cancer. Correlation with prognosis. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity reactions before therapy in 137 patients with lung cancer and in 50 patients with benign thoracic lesions were evaluated by 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) contact sensitization using the patch test. Ninety eight percent (49/50) of control patients and 46 percent (62/137) of patients with lung cancer were sensitized by 250 mug of DNCB. There was an excellent correlation between the initial reactivity to DNCB and resectability. In patients with resectable lung cancer, preoperative DNCB reactivity has no prognostic value. However, an excellent correlation was found between postoperative reactivity and 2 year survival, i.e., conversion from unresponsive to responsive status was observed on sequential testing. In 15 of 74 patients with resectable disease, the conversion was noted postoperatively, and among 12 patients followed for 2 years, only two patients had died. Conversion from a reactive to nonreactive status to DNCB occurred only in the terminal stage of the disease. From these observations, we found that, in order to evaluate the afferent limb of cellular immunity in patients with lung cancer who have once expressed reactivity to DNCB, one must use some new sensitizing agents which show no cross-sensitivity with each other thereafter. PMID- 703356 TI - Use of microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for aorta-pulmonary shunts in infants with complex cyanotic heart disease. A report of seven cases. AB - Seven cyanotic infants in our institution have undergone central aorta--pulmonary artery shunt operations with a microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethlene (PTFE) graft. All of these patients have had pulmonary atresia, in four cases associated with endocardial cushion type defects. Four patients have had excellent palliation for up to 13 months. Congestive heart failure and kinking of the pulmonary artery, frequently seen with other types of central aorta-pulmonary shunts, have not been a problem. Until further experience is gained with this procedure, however, we reserve its use to the occasional cyanotic infant in whom neither open-heart repair or the Blalock-Taussig shunt is feasible. PMID- 703355 TI - Assessment of the isolated right atrium as a pump. AB - The ability of the hemodynamically isolated dog right atrium to pump against a resistance equivalent to normal pulmonary artery pressure was tested in an in vivo preparation. At a preload of 10 mm. Hg, the right atrium reached a peak systolic pressure of 18.2 mm. Hg (+/- 1.3 S.E.M.) against an afterload of 12 mm. Hg, but it could eject a flow only equivalent to 53 percent (+/-6) of the dog's cardiac output (n = 6). At a preload of 15 mm. Hg, a peak systolic pressure of 21.5 mm. Hg (+/- 0.8) was recorded against an afterload of 17 mm. Hg, but again, only 55 percent +/-5) of the dog's cardiac output was ejected. It appears that the cardiac output from the nonhypertrophied right atrium is limited by the strength of the right atrial contraction and the physiological limits imposed by the venous driving pressure. PMID- 703357 TI - Use of temporarily placed epicardial atrial wire electrodes for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias following open-heart surgery. AB - We retrospectively assessed our experience with the use of bipolar atrial epicardial electrodes in 70 consecutive patients following open-heart surgery. These patients, representing 1 month's experience on one of our cardiac surgical services, are a random sample of our total experience with more than 6.000 patients in whom we have routinely placed such electrodes. The atrial wire electrodes were used diagnostically and/or therapeutically in 57 patients a total of 139 times. In only 13 patients were the atrial wires not used for any reason. Atrial electrograms were recorded 63 times in 34 patients, 41 times to establish a diagnosis of an arrhythmia and 22 times to confirm the diagnosis of an arrhythmia originally suspected from interpretation of a standard or monitor electrocardiogram (ECG). Atrial pacing was used to treat abnormalities of rhythm or conduction or both in 75 instances in 49 of the 70 patients. Because of their great utility in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias, we conclude that routine placement of atrial wire electrodes at the time of operation is indicated regardless of the nature of the open-heart procedure or the preoperative rhythm. PMID- 703359 TI - Quantitative evaluation of myocardial ultrastructure following hypothermic anoxic arrest. AB - Thirty-six anesthetized mongrel dogs were subjected to systemic hypothermia and anoxic cardiac arrest while on cardiopulmonary bypass. Myocardial fine structure in the left ventricle was evaluated by quantitative analysis in the subepicardial, mid-myocardial, and subendocardial layers. The specimens were obtained by a transmural myocardial biopsy method. Graded hypothermia was employed at 36 degrees, 30 degrees, 28 degrees, 25 degrees, and 22 degrees C. The aorta was cross-clamped for 30 minutes at 36 degrees, 30 degrees, 28 degrees, and 25 degrees C. or for 45 minutes at 25 degrees and 22 degrees C. Observations indicated that pathological changes of the myocardial fine structure were significant after anoxic arrest in the normothermic group. Lesions were most extensive in the subendocardial layer after normothermic anoxic arrest, whereas hypothermia below 30 degrees C. preserved the myocardium throughout all layers without difference in pathological changes in the fine structure among the layers. Mitochondria and glycogen granules in the mid-myocardial layer and the subendocardial layer were best preserved with hypothermia at 25 degrees and 22 degrees C. after 30 minutes or 45 minutes of anoxic arrest, and dogs in these groups had a survival rate of 100 percent. Quantitative analysis of ultrastructural changes induced in these experiments suggest that a safe duration of anoxic arrest at 22 degrees to 25 degrees C. is between 30 and 45 minutes. PMID- 703360 TI - Effect of intra-aortic balloon pumping on nutrient coronary flow in normal and ischemic myocardium. AB - The effects of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) on myocardial flow distribution were studied in 50 dogs. Cardiac output was controlled by right heart bypass. In each dog the following parameters were measured with and without IABP during normal coronary perfusion and after regional ischemia was induced by anterior descending coronary vein flow by timed collection, and endocardial/epicardial flow ratios by a previously reported thermal washout technique. In nonischemic myocardium, IABP significantly (p less than 0.05) increased mean coronary sinus flow 11.5 percent +/- 5.8 percent (S.D.) and the mean endocardial/epicardial ratio, 17.3 percent +/- 0.28 percent. In the regionally ischemic myocardium, IABP significantly (p less than 0.05) increased mean segmental coronary vein flow 13.9 percent +/- 1.23 percent but decreased the endocardial/epicardial ratio 29.9 percent +/- 1.1 percent. We conclude that in the dog, IABP enhances subendocardial blood flow in perfused but not in ischemic myocardium. Contrary to common suppositions, the increase in collateral blood flow with IABP preferentially supplies epicardial layers in segmental ischemic zones, but may be shunted from the subendocardium. PMID- 703358 TI - Immediate centrifugation of oxygenator contents after cardiopulmonary bypass. Role in maximum blood conservation. PMID- 703361 TI - Results of coronary revascularization in patients with recent myocardial infarction. PMID- 703362 TI - False aneurysm of the left ventricle. Surgical treatment. AB - The clinical and pathological features in three cases of false aneurysm of the left ventricle are reported. In two instances the condition developed after myocardial infarction, and in the third case a mycotic pseudoaneurysm developed after purulent pericarditis. All three patients were in intractable heart failure before urgent operation. The correct diagnosis was established preoperatively by angiography. In all three cases the aneurysms were successfully resected and the left ventricle reconstructed. An aggressive surgical approach is warranted in the management of this lesion. PMID- 703363 TI - Mediastinal masses of vascular origin. A review. AB - Vascular lesions must be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the mediastinum and the clinical setting, as well as an awareness of key radiographic features, should suggest the vascular origin and guide appropriate diagnostic imaging. Although angiography is used most often, radionuclide flow studies and computed tomographic scanning may also be useful. PMID- 703364 TI - Effect of cross-clamp time, temperature, and cardioplegic agents on myocardial function after induced arrest. AB - To evaluate the importance of time, temperature, and cardioplegia on the ability of the canine myocardium to maintain functional and ultrastructural integrity following induced arrest, we studied 220 dogs by varying myocardial temperature (34 degrees, 24 degrees, and 11 degrees C.), arrest time (0 to 120 minutes), and cardioplegic agents. Change in left ventricular function (LVF) was defined as the arithmetic difference in the center of mass between prearrest and postarrest LVF curves and was expressed as percent recovery of left ventricular stroke work. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained for semiquantitative electron microscopic analysis. After 90 minutes of cross-clamping, only hearts protected with combined hypothermia (H) and potassium-induced cardioplegia (K) significantly recovered prearrest function (24 degrees C.--80 percent, 11 degrees C.--99 percent). Hypothermia (H) alone for 90 minutes was less protective (24 degrees C.--49 percent, 11 degrees C.--59 percent). H preserved 84 percent of function after 60 minutes and 91 percent after 45 minutes. Normothermic arrest resulted in only 39 percent return of function at 45 minutes but could be extended with potassium induced cardioplegia(K) to 78 percent at 60 minutes and 54 percent at 90 minutes. The addition of procaine plus HK improved protection over HK alone (95 percent versus 80 percent) but by itself was not effective. Neither hydrocortisone nor pretreatment with glucose-insulin-potassium, branched chain amino acids, or propranolol increased the protective effect of HK plus procaine. Inadequately protected groups (normothermia or H without K) showed more myocytic and capillary endothelial damage than the HK groups. No technique of myocardial protection studied completely preserved LVF, but the combination of HK plus procaine resulted in maximal recovery of LVF following cross-clamping for up to 120 minutes. PMID- 703366 TI - Surgical correction of chronic postembolic obstructions of the pulmonary arteries. AB - Following episodes of pulmonary embolism, the presence of thrombi in the pulmonary arteries leads to severe respiratory insufficiency and chronic right heart failure. We have operated upon 16 such patients, nine men and seven women from 23 to 68 years of age. All had severe dyspnea, 14 had chronic cor pulmonale, six had mental disturbances with syncope, and four had severe cardiac failure. The presence of clots was demonstrated by pulmonary angiography, and the permeability of the distal arterial bed was ascertained by selective injection of the bronchial arteries. In all cases but two a lateral thoracotomy was used so that the obstructed arterial branches could be approached distally. The inferior vena cava was always ligated to prevent recurrences. There were six operative deaths, three from cardiac failure, one from acute pulmonary edema, one from hemothorax, and one following a pyothorax. Ten patients are surviving after 6 months to 10 years. One is still limited because of significant pleuropulmonary sequelae. Six are enjoying good results with marked improvement in their functional limitations, a significant drop in the pulmonary artery pressure, and radiological permeability of previously obstructed arteries. Three are excellent condition--completely asymptomatic. PMID- 703367 TI - Conservative management of uremic pericardial effusions. AB - Although there has been a recent trend toward early operative treatment of uremic pericardial effusions unresponsive to intensified dialysis, this approach may be unnecessarily aggressive. Review of 787 patients in our chronic dialysis program since 1969 has shown 54 patients (6.9 percent) to have developed 56 episodes of large pericardial effusion. All were managed by increasing the frequency of dialysis. If the effusion failed to diminish or if life-threatening signs of tamponade developed, pericardiocentesis was performed. In 63 percent (35/56) the effusion resolved with increased dialysis. In 37 percent (21/56), pericardiocentesis was performed, with 57 percent (12/21) requiring only one aspiration. During a mean follow-up of 34 months (2 to 100 months) only 5.5 percent (3/54) have undergone operation: one partial pericardiectomy incidental to pulmonary decortication and two pericardiectomies for late (3 months and 5 months, respectively) constriction. There were five complications of pericardiocentesis: one pneumothorax, one pneumoperitoneum, one costochondritis, and two myocardial punctures without sequelae. The one death related to pericardial effusion in this series occurred in a home-dialysis patient who arrived in the emergency room moribund. Our experience suggests that the great majority of uremic pericardial effusions can be effectively controlled with simple needle aspiration by experienced personnel and that pericardial resection is usually not necessary. PMID- 703365 TI - Advantages of blood cardioplegia over continuous coronary perfusion or intermittent ischemia. Experimental and clinical study. PMID- 703368 TI - Role of angiography in cervicothoracic trauma. AB - The role of angiography in cervicothoracic trauma is controversial. Since 1967 the policy at San Francisco General Hospital has been to use liberal indications for angiography in hemodynamically stable patients with either penetrating or blunt cervicothoracic trauma. The 304 patients in Group 1 had emergency angiographic evaluation: 102 had penetrating cervical wounds: 202 had thoracic injuries-71 penetrating and 131 blunt trauma. During the same time period, 72 patients (Group II) had cervical or thoracic vascular injuries and underwent operative treatment without preoperative angiography. Sixty-six patients in Group 1 had significant vascular injury. Thirty patients with penetrating cervical injury had 38 vascular lesions. Thirty-six patients with gunshot or blunt chest trauma had 43 vascular lesions. Group II patients had two main indications for operation: exanguinating hemorrhage (45 patients) or suspected vascular injury, usually associated with hemorrhage (27 patients). Angiographic results were useful whether abnormal or normal. In cases with adnormal findings operative treatment was specific and improper incisions were avoided. In cases with normal angiographic results, clarification of the vascular status avoided unnecessary operations and permitted concentration of therapeutic effort upon the main clinical problems of the patients. PMID- 703369 TI - Esophagectomy without thoracotomy. AB - Blunt esophagectomy without thoracotomy has been performed in 26 patients: four with benign disease and 22 with carcinomas involving various levels of the esophagus (10 cervicothoracic, one upper third, five middle third, and six distal third). Continuity of the alimentary tract was restored by anastomosing the pharynx or cervical esophagus either to stomach (19 patients) or to a colonic graft (seven patients). Esophageal resection and reconstruction were performed in a single stage in 25 patients, and the esophageal substitute was positioned in the posterior mediastinum in the original esophageal bed in 24 patients. There were no deaths directly related to the technique of blunt esophagectomy. Average intraoperative blood loss was 1,350 ml. for the entire group, 1,650 ml. for those requiring concomitant laryngectomy and 1,050 ml. for those undergoing esophagectomy without laryngectomy. Complications in these patients included pneumothorax (eight), transient hoarseness (five), pleural effusion (five), anastomotic leak (four), subphrenic abscess (one), and cerebrovascular accident (one). The five deaths were due to pheumonia (two), innominate artery rupture (two), and pulmonary embolus (one). Blunt esophagectomy without thoracotomy is safe and is far better tolerated physiologically than the combined transthoracic and abdominal operations more traditionally used for exophageal resection and reconstruction. PMID- 703371 TI - Gastroplasty and fundoplication in the management of complex reflux problems. AB - Between 1963 and 1976, 220 patients with complex reflux problems were managed by combining a modified Collis gastroplasty with a Belsey type of partial fundoplication. All patients had one or more of the following complicating conditions considered indications for the combined operation: peptic stricture (104), esophagitis and shortening without stricture (25), one or more prior hiatal repairs (65), massive herniation (33), and motor disorders associated with reflux (26). Ninety-six percent of the patients were evaluated by personal interview from 1 to 15 years after repair. The operative mortality rate was 0.5 percent. The incidence of significant symptomatic reflux requiring medical therapy was 3 percent and the incidence of troublesome dysphagia was 11 percent. No patient has required further operation for the relief of recurrent symptomatic reflux. Two patients required additional operation for severe residual dysphagia. Twenty patients managed by this repair were evaluated by preoperative, intraoperative, and sequential postoperative esophageal pressure studies. The mean postoperative pressure of 21.4 mm. Hg was more than double the preoperative value. Two publications from other centers reported on similar groups of patients managed by gastroplasty and partial fundoplication, evaluated by preoperative and postoperative esophageal pressures. In these latter publications, the percentage increase in postoperative lower esophageal pressure was significantly less than in our study, and a much higher incidence of symptomatic reflux was recorded. We suggest that the differences in postoperative pressures observed in account for the pronounced differences in the quality of results obtained. PMID- 703370 TI - Gastroesophageal fundoplication for the management of reflux in infants and children. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been recognized with increasing frequency as the source of a wide variety of symptoms in infants and children. During the past 8 years at the UCLA Hospital, 74 patients under 18 years of age have been identified as having sufficiently severe symptomatic reflux to warrant gastroesophageal fundoplication. Although repeated emesis was the most common primary symptom, failure to thrive was a major symptom in 20 patients, repeated pneumonia in 18, asthma in five, and dysphagia owing to stricture in 12. Nine patients with previously repaired esophageal atresia had severe reflux. Serious neurologic disorders were present in 14 children. The diagnosis of reflux in the majority of symptomatic children was established by combining the findings of an abnormal esophagogram, Tuttle test, esophageal manometry, and esophagoscopy with biopsy. Six infants experienced repeated symptomatic GER although results of all diagnostic studies were normal. Each of the patients had undergone an unsuccessful trial of medical management before the decision to operate was made. Transabdominal Nissen fundoplication with gastrostomy was performed on each of the 74 children (28 under 1 year of age). Each of the strictures was successfully managed by postoperative dilatations. No death and no major complications occurred, but six patients experienced transient dysphagia and four had delayed gastric emptying. Every patient has been relieved of clinical reflux, and the pulmonary status in each, including the asthmatic children, has been markedly improved. On the basis of this favorable experience with 74 patients, we believe that an aggressive surgical approach should be taken in the management of symptomatic GER in infants and children who fail to respond to an adequate trial of medical management. PMID- 703372 TI - The potassium status of patients prior to open-heart surgery. AB - The dysrhythmia that happens after open-heart surgery has at times been attributed to potassium depletion. Therefore, in some centers, patients scheduled for open-heart surgery are routinely given potassium supplements. We have assessed the potassium status of 32 patients prior to cardiac surgery (1) by measurements of plasma, red cell, and leukocyte potassium levels and total body potassium before and after administration of potassium supplements (144 mmoles daily for 3 days) and (2) by the changes in urine potassium during the supplementation. On admission none of the patients showed evidence of a large potassium deficit, and none of them retained much of the supplemental potassium. The observations that have previously been taken as evidence of potassium depletion in such patients are discussed, and alternative explanations are suggested for all these observations. PMID- 703373 TI - Editorial. PMID- 703376 TI - Successful repair of double-outlet right ventricle, complete atrioventricular canal, and atrioventricular discordance associated with dextrocardia and pulmonary stenosis. AB - The association of complete atrioventricular canal with other complex congenital cardiac anomalies has represented a significant challenge for the cardiac surgion. The combination of double-outlet right ventricle with complete atrioventricular canal has been particularly difficult to correct, with no surgical successes having been reported until recently. This is a report of the first successful repair of double-outlet right ventricle, complete atrioventricular canal, and atrioventricular discordance (ventricular incersion) associated with common atrium, bilateral superior venae cavae, dextrocardia, and pulmonary stenosis. The specialized conduction tissue was identified by intracardiac electrophysiological mapping, and normal sinus rhythm was preserved. Postoperative cardiac catheterization showed excellent hemodynamics. One year postoperatively, the patient was attending school, playing swimming without difficulty, and taking no cardiac medications. This good result lends encouragement for considering total repair for similar patients with the combination of double-outlet right ventricle, complete atrioventricular canal, and other associated congenital cardiac anomalies. PMID- 703374 TI - Arch versus femoral artery perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Aortic arch perfusion is favored by most cardiac surgeons. Perfusion via the femoral artery is still used sporadically at reoperations for aneurysms of the ascending aorta, or for the institution of partial pump support in very sick patients prior to opening of the chest. Our over-all experience indicates that surgical complications occurred primarily in the group of patients perfused via the femoral artery. On the other hand, serious disturbance in cerebral perfusion, as determined by electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, occurred in 7 percent of the patients perfused via the arch and 3 percent of those perfused via the femoral artery, a difference that was not statistically significant. We continue to advocate aortic arch cannulation and EEG monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. PMID- 703375 TI - Pulmonary hyperinflation in ventricular septal defect. AB - Pulmonary hyperinflation (PH) has frequently been seen in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD). Mean age of patients at the time of cardiac catherization and operation was less in Group II (PHI) than in Group I (normal pulmonary inflation). There is a statistically significant difference in the ratio of mean pulmonary to mean systemic blood flow and the ratio of mean peak pulmonary to mean peak systemic systolic pressures, with the higher values recorded for Group II. There is no statistically significant difference in the pulmonary vascular resistance in the two groups. Thirty-five of the 44 patients with PHI developed normal inflation within a month after surgical correction of VSD. Possible mechanisms of PHI in VSD are discussed. PHI is prolong and perpetuate respiratory distress and can lead to progressive lung disease. PHI is therefore another indication for early surgical correction of VSD. PMID- 703377 TI - Atrial septal defect associated with drainage of left superior vena cava to left atrium and absence of the coronary sinus. AB - Atrial septal defect associated with drainage of the left superior vena cava (LSVC) to the left atrium and absence of the coronary sinus is a rare congenital cardiac complex. Management of the LSVC during operative repair is usuall by one of three methods: (1) an intra-atrial baffle of pericardium to divery flow from the LSVC to the right arrium and to close the atrial septal defect; (2) division and reimplantation of the LSVC into the right atrium; or (3) simple ligation of the LSVC. We will present an example of this cardiac lesion for which successful repair was achieved by end-to-side anastomosis of the LSVC to the main pulmonary artery when none of the aforementioned methods for handling the LSVC was feasible. PMID- 703379 TI - The role of elastases in the development of emphysema. PMID- 703378 TI - Pseudomonas infection of the sternum and costal cartilages. Report of three cases. AB - Pseudomonas osteochondritis of the chest wall and sternum has rarely been reported, but when present it has been extremely difficult to eradicate. Multiple operations to debride the involved areas and use of antibiotics have often been inadequate to control this resistant infection. This report describes our experience with three patients who had the late development of Pseudomonas osteochondritis of the chest wall. The infection occurred following crush trauma, sternotomy for congenital heart disease, and mastectomy and amputation of the upper extremity for carcinoma of the breast. Antibiotic therapy alone and with limited operations was unsuccessful in controlling the infection in all three instances. Eventually, each patient required extensive regional surgical removal of involved bone and cartilage. Complete healing followed. Our experience favors the early wide removal of bony and cartilaginous tissues in the involved region with preoperative and postoperative coverage by appropriate antibiotics. Operative management is detailed. PMID- 703382 TI - Serum arginase activity in rabbits with experimental thyroid dysfunction and with experimental diabetes. PMID- 703381 TI - Measurement of phosphatidylcholine precursors--choline, ethanolamine and methionine--in fetal and adult rat lung. PMID- 703380 TI - Cells, collagen and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 703383 TI - Visceral porphyrins in circulatory disorders and in tumor disease in humans. PMID- 703384 TI - Methods for determination of aflatoxins. PMID- 703385 TI - Sedative and analgesic activity of some newer substituted ethylenediamines. PMID- 703387 TI - Surgical aspects of pancreatectomy. PMID- 703386 TI - The effect of combined administration of diphenylhydantoin and certain oral hypoglycemic drugs on the hepatic content of some vitamins of the b-complex group. PMID- 703388 TI - Combined correction of secondary cleft lip nose and maxillae deformities. PMID- 703390 TI - Malignant melanoma of the skin in Lagos. Experience in an urban African community. PMID- 703393 TI - "If elected Governor...". Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 703391 TI - Morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 703389 TI - Evaluation of bronchodilator and extrabronchial action of salbutamol Polfa aerosol in comparison with Ventolin Pliva, Berotec Boehringer Ingelheim and Astmopent Polfa in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. PMID- 703392 TI - Image analysis of nuclei of cultured fibroblasts obtained from human uterine cervix with various lesions. PMID- 703394 TI - "If elected Governor...". Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 703396 TI - Joint practices--the evolution of a concept. PMID- 703397 TI - Intracranial mass presenting as "stroke". PMID- 703395 TI - Uterus rupture due to perforation at a previous curettage. PMID- 703398 TI - Ageing of chick embryo fibroblasts in vitro. II. Relationship between cell proliferation and increased multinuclear cells. AB - The cell lines of chick embryo fibroblasts obtained from different embryos were sequentially cultivated and relationship between growth potential and increased multinuclear cells was examined. During ageing in vitro multinuclear cells increased with decreasing growth rate. Their percentage in the senescent cell populations reached 11--15% when the cells stopped growing, and 20--25% just before the cultures died out. This phenomenon may be useful as a parameter for cellular ageing. Most of the multinuclear cells were binucleates. The mean cell volume of the cells also increased through their lifespan with a sharp rise at the latest passages. PMID- 703399 TI - Temporal changes in histone acetylation. AB - The incorporation of tritiated acetate was studied in developing and aging rats. Thymus, liver and serum were collected 30 minutes after injection of acetate. The trichloroacetic acid precipitable histone fraction was then extracted from liver and thymus and its radioactivity determined. Serum and cytoplasmic fractions were also counted. Serum activity declined with age. Thymus histone and cytoplasmic fractions showed a cyclic pattern. Acetylation of liver histones showed a straight line decline to a relatively constant level. The decline in acetylation of liver histones is postulated to be due to repression of acetylation processes and is thought to parallel the change of hepatocytes from a diploid to a polyploid state. PMID- 703400 TI - Relationship between glucose phosphorylating activities and erythrocyte age. AB - Glucose phosphorylating activity of human erythrocytes quickly decreases during cell ageing; the electrophoretic pattern suggests that this fast decrease is due mainly to the isozyme II. We have shown that in the young cells only hexokinase I and II are responsible for the glucose phosphorylation, while in the old cells another glucose phosphorylating activity, more evident at high glucose concentration, is also present. The appearance of this activity during cell ageing could be interpreted as a post-translational modification of the native hexokinase. PMID- 703401 TI - Age-related decline in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by cultured human fibroblasts (WI-38). AB - A gradual decline in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, as evidenced by reduced rates of incorporation of [35S]-sulfate and [14C]-glucosamine into total cellular and extracellular glycosaminoglycans, occurred during the last 4 to 5 passages (1 : 2 splits) of WI-38 cultures before phase out. While labelling of cellular glycosaminoglycans by both radioactive precursors was reduced to about the same extent, a relatively greater decline in [35S]-sulfate than in [14C]-glucosamine incorporation into extracellular glycosaminoglycans was observed during the last passages. These changes in glycosaminoglycan metabolism are interpreted as an expression of cellular aging and a function of glycosaminoglycans in growth regulation (and possibly in the process of cellular senescence) is discussed. PMID- 703402 TI - Specific activity of human erythrocyte superoxide dismutase as a function of donor age. A brief note. AB - Superoxide dismutase was assayed both immunochemically and by enzymatic activity in erythrocytes of human donors, 1 to 98 years of age. No change was observed in enzyme activity per unit enzyme antigen as a function of donor age. PMID- 703403 TI - Unscheduled dna synthesis in confluent and mitotically arrested populations of aging human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Unscheduled DNA synthesis, used as a measure of excision repair following exposure to ultra-violet irradiation, was determined in confluent and arrested human diploid fibroblasts and correlated with in vitro age. Confluent cultures exhibited identical levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis at all in vitro ages. Cells arrested by lowering the serum concentration of the incubation medium exhibited similar levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis as did confluent cells during the first one-third of the cells' characteristic in vitro lifespan. During the last two-thirds of the lifespan, however, arrested populations exhibited a 30 to 50% increase in the amount of detectable DNA repair. This apparent increase in ability to perform unscheduled DNA synthesis was not time or dose dependent and could not be attributed to alterations in precursor pools. It was postulated that the increase may be correlated with changes in DNA structure. PMID- 703404 TI - Genetic recombination in mammalian somatic cells: a brief note. AB - Crossing over in somatic cells is a likely source of genotypic modification observed in ageing and in carcinogenesis. The possible evolutionary significance of this mechanism is discussed. PMID- 703405 TI - The influence of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the ultrastructural organization of skeletal muscle fibres. Morphometric analyses on vitamin D deficient or calcium deficient growing rats. AB - Ultrastructural evidence was obtained from vitamin D deficient and calcium deficient rats that the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is involved in the intracellular calcium transport of the muscle cell. In the absence of vitamin D there was a relative decrease in SR volume and a compensatory increase in mitochondrial volume. Administration of exogenous doses of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol significantly increased SR volume, while mitochondrial volume correspondingly decreased. This supports the hypothesis that the production of calcium binding proteins within the SR is influenced by active metabolites of vitamin D. PMID- 703406 TI - Metabolism and haemolytic effect of dapsone and its metabolites in man. PMID- 703408 TI - The growth and evolution of rural primary care practice: the National Health Service Corps experience in the Northwest. PMID- 703407 TI - The changing urban-suburban distribution of medical practice in large American metropolitan areas. AB - The twenty largest multi-county SMSAs in the U. S. were studied for trends in the suburbanization of medical practice from 1959 to 1974. Fifteen of them allowed a distinction between suburbs and central city on the county level according to criteria developed from a New York City pilot study. In all SMSAs, the density of hospital-based physicians was higher in central cities than in suburbs and still increasing more rapidly there, though hospital practice is also starting to grow in the suburbs at an appreciable rate. The same trends were found for physicians in non-patient care activities. Office based specialists in large Northeastern SMSAs increased much more rapidly in the urbanized suburbs than in the central cities. In the Southern and Western SMSAs, on the contrary, office-based specialists continued to increase rapidly in the central cities despite concentrations already far greater than in the Northeast. Suburban desities were growing more slowly in these areas. General practitioners declined uniformly everywhere, apparently simply by attrition. Implications of these trends for health care are discussed. PMID- 703409 TI - Changes in utilization patterns in a National Health Service Corps community. AB - Utilization patterns in two adjacent rural Utah counties were compared over a span of five years (1971-1976). In one, a three-physician National Health Service Corps site was established during the interval; the other went from one family physician to two during the same period. The Corps site showed an increase in physician utilization while the "control" county utilization remained unchanged. However, despite the increased utilization of physicians in the Corps site, fewer respondents identified a family physician, especially one located within the county. This is consistent with an interpretation that county residents were content to use Corps physicians, but saw them as transitory figures with whom they could form no permanent attachment. A second brief follow-up study a year later suggests that the community had already begun to acknowledge the Corps doctors as their family physicians. PMID- 703410 TI - Work settings and job satisfaction: a study of primary care physicians and paramedical personnel. AB - This paper examines job satisfaction of primary care physicians and paramedical personnel in traditional office practices and in modern medical organizations. A series of two-way analyses of variance using work settings and occupational level as independent variables showed consistent effects of setting on job satisfaction. In modern organizational settings satisfaction with the work activity, with coworkers, and with income was lower than in traditional practices. Only with respect to income, were physicians, on the average, more satisfied than paramedical workers. The relationships between job satisfaction and the variety and complexity of work as well as ownership of work settings are analyzed and discussed. PMID- 703411 TI - Distribution of illnesses and its implications in a rural community. AB - This study is a continuation of a series of reports on the utilization of health care services in a southern rural community. In this investigation the distribution of the utilization of medical care services is assessed with respect to reported illnesses and related disabilities. It is found that whites report significantly more illnesses, disabilities and physicians visits than blacks. Furthermore, even when controlling for disability and illness, whites use more physician services than blacks. The differential in utilization may be due to varying interpretations of the survey questions possibly reflecting different cultures and lifestyles and/or dissimilar expectations of the health care system in blacks having experienced greater barriers to access in the past. PMID- 703412 TI - A critique of the Bureau of Health Manpower estimates of the need for anesthesia manpower. PMID- 703413 TI - Comment on "The Primary Care Teaching Program in a Prepaid Group Practice". PMID- 703414 TI - The containment of hospital costs: a strategic assessment. PMID- 703415 TI - [Serological patterns of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in man. IV. Immunoelectroprecipitation test]. PMID- 703416 TI - [In vivo studies of antiviral activity of trihalogenomethylamines]. PMID- 703418 TI - [Bacterial skin flora in elderly people]. PMID- 703417 TI - [Sensitivity of Candida to clotrimazole and myconazole]. PMID- 703419 TI - [Efficacy of new quaternary ammonium salts against various bacteria and fungi. I. Studies of compounds 1-11]. PMID- 703421 TI - [Routines in infectious intestinal disease control]. PMID- 703420 TI - [Syncope in heart diseases]. PMID- 703422 TI - [Cancer--environment--registry available for research]. PMID- 703423 TI - [Development of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria]. PMID- 703424 TI - [Syncope in heart diseases. Diagnostic and therapeutic views]. PMID- 703426 TI - [Preliminary experience with TPA (tissue polypeptide antigen) in ovarian cancer]. PMID- 703425 TI - [Zinc protoporphyrin in blood--a new method for assessment of the influence of lead]. PMID- 703427 TI - [Dangerous to eat: apricot seed preparation]. PMID- 703428 TI - [Mapping the function of the cerebral cortex by regional blood flow measurement]. PMID- 703430 TI - [Virus-induced chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 703431 TI - [Drug-induced chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 703429 TI - [Delivery turnout among employees in medical care]. PMID- 703432 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 703433 TI - [Chronic active hepatitis of "cryptogenic" etiology]. PMID- 703434 TI - [Chronic hepatitis. Diagnosis, therapy and prognosis]. PMID- 703435 TI - [Aspiration and anesthesia]. PMID- 703437 TI - [Farmer's lung]. PMID- 703438 TI - [The importance of treatment co-operation between physician and patient in hypertension]. PMID- 703436 TI - [Acute supraglottic laryngitis--acute epiglottitis]. PMID- 703439 TI - [Schistosomiasis among Swedes in Ethiopia]. PMID- 703440 TI - [Experiences in a missionary hospital in Tanzania]. PMID- 703441 TI - [What does the school health service do? Report from Jarakra school in Lund]. PMID- 703442 TI - [Unnecessary x-ray examinations--the consumers' opinion]. PMID- 703446 TI - [Legionnaires' disease--the riddle nears solution?]. PMID- 703443 TI - [Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, Sweet's syndrome]. PMID- 703444 TI - [Gynecomastia in a 3 1/2 year old boy]. PMID- 703445 TI - [Care of myocardial infarcts]. PMID- 703447 TI - [Adding vitamins to alcohol beverages]. PMID- 703448 TI - [Receptor pharmacology (1): Development of the receptor concept]. PMID- 703449 TI - Complete excision of major salivary ducts--a new surgical technique. PMID- 703450 TI - Cerebrospinal otorrhea and recurring meningitis: report of three cases. AB - Recurrent attacks of meningitis occurring independent of a systemic bacterial infection should be considered as a cerebrospinal leak either otorrhea or rhinorrhea. Three cases each with a different cause were diagnosed chiefly on the basis of the history and a bulging noninflammatory eardrum. Subsequent use of fluorescein intrathecally not only helped to confirm the diagnosis but was very useful at surgery in locating the leak in the dura of the oval window of the ear. Many materials have been used but autogenous temporal fascia or fascia lata seemed to be most effective in these cases. The sandwiching of the dura between two pieces of fascia is not only realistic but was found to be very effective. One piece of fascia between the arachnoid and dura and another between the dura and bone give a tight seal. PMID- 703451 TI - Laser surgery and immunotherapy in the management of laryngeal papilloma. AB - Twenty-three cases of laryngeal papilloma have been treated and followed for four years utilizing laser excision and laser excision/immunotherapy. Fourteen cases responded well to laser excision alone, nine did not and immunotherapy was instituted as adjunctive treatment. To date, immunotherapy has contributed little to the relief in this group of refractory cases. PMID- 703452 TI - Labyrinthine trauma during ear surgery. AB - Surgical trauma inflicted upon the membranous labyrinth is an uncommon, but often catastrophic, complication of chronic ear surgery. Areas most vulnerable to injury are the oval window and the lateral semicircular canal. Methods of injury include subluxation of the footplate, fracture of the lateral canal by drill or chisel, and accidental opening of a fistula. Three cases of labyrinthotomy of the lateral canal during ear surgery are presented. Two occurred while drilling, and the other was associated with a dehiscence of the bony and membranous labyrinth from a cholesteatoma. The cases are documented by pre and postoperative audiograms, vestibular function tests, and photographs. Of interest is the fact that in none of these cases was cochlear function compromised. In one case the hearing actually improved. The dictum that an accidentally opened labyrinth will automatically result in a dead ear is shown to be not necessarily true. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 703453 TI - Head and neck manifestations of histiocytic medullary reticulosis. AB - Histiocytic medullary reticulosis represents a proliferation of malignant histiocytes which produce pancytopenia through marrow involvement and the phagocytosis of granulocytes, leukocytes and platelets. The disease is typically characterized by a fulminant febrile course which results in death from a variety of complications due to pancytopenia or intercurrent infections. Its diagnosis is based on bone marrow aspiration or tissue section in which large histiocytes can be demonstrated phagocytizing red or white blood cells and platelets. Therapy has included irradiation, steroids, antibiotics, antimetabolites, and the like, but with poor results. Two patients with head and neck manifestations of histiocytic medullary reticulosis are described in detail. It is felt that refinements in diagnosis must still be made,, since any patient survival may well be predicated by the early initiation of aggressive cytotoxic therapy. PMID- 703454 TI - O.P.S.C.: improving delivery of otolaryngological surgical care. AB - Results of over two years' experience with an outpatient surgical center within a private otolaryngology clinic have demonstrated several advantages. Discussed herein are the history of outpatient surgical centers, and the development of our within clinic O.P.S.C. (Outpatient Surgery Center). Developmental stages described include investigation of liability exposure, securing state health department approval, enactment of state legislation, staffing, equipment, and obtaining third party carrier approval. Advantages to the patient, otolaryngologist, community, and third party carriers are enumerated. Statistics regarding types and numbers of procedures performed and types of anesthesia used are included. Experience with the O.P.S.C. indicates that it is a means of improving the delivery of otolaryngological surgical care. PMID- 703455 TI - Pediatric tracheostomy and associated complications. AB - A retrospective analysis of 123 pediatric tracheostomies reveals an overall complication rate of 33%. Immediate complications were present in 12% or 15 patients. The most frequent immediate complications were pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax. Delayed complications occurred in 24% or 30 patients. The most frequent delayed complications were subglottic stenosis, fused vocal cords, and tracheal granuloma. Four patients died because of tracheostomy-related complications. Age, underlying disease, and prior endotracheal intubation had a high degree of correlation with complications. The use of a mechanical respirator following tracheostomy did not appear to be significantly related to complications. Fifty percent of the delayed complications in this series were regarded as being unrelated to the tracheostomy or the trachesotomy tube itself. PMID- 703456 TI - Surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis. AB - During the 5-year period (1971--1976), 45 patients at the Shea Clinic underwent reconstructive surgery for tympanosclerosis. The most common ossicular chain problem was found to be malleus and incus fixation (33%); malleus, incus, and stapes fixation (22%); and stapes fixation (13%). The most successful reconstrucitve approaches included removal of tympanosclerosis from tympanic membrane or isolated plaque from ossicular chain, the use of the Partial Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis (PORP), and the Total Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis (TORP). PMID- 703457 TI - Testing for food allergy: a statistical comparison of cytotoxic and intracutaneous tests. AB - This study presents a comparison of in vitro cytotoxic food allergy test results with those of in vivo intracutaneous food allergy testing by both objective serial dilution titration and subjective provocation. During the study the cytotoxic test was utilized as a screening device for follow-up Lee intracutaneous testing, the latter providing statistics for both noted in vivo intracutaneous tests. The study is presented in two stages. The first stage documents almost 6000 comparison test results on 300 consecutive food-allergic otolarynogology patients. Thirty-four of the more frequently offending foods were utilized. Of the cytotoxic tests, 86% resulted in positive reactions. Of the positive cytotoxic reactors, 74% were intracutaneously re-checked. Only those negative cytotoxic reactors suspected of false negativity were so challenged, affording comparison statistics for a smaller 21% of the negative reactors. Poor correlation statistics for this select negative reacting group prompted a follow up 30-patient study on 11 foods that appeared to possess a lesser potential for hypersensitivity production. The second stage emphasizes similar test comparisons on the negative cytotoxic reactors. The study concludes that no correlation exists between in vitro cytotoxic test determinations and those of in vivo intracutaneous testing by objective serial dilution titration or subjective provocation. Because most allergic individuals have multiple food allergies, clinical success utilizing the information obtained from any or all of these procedures may rely significantly on the tests' inherent tendency to identify multiple guilty foods for ultimate treatment. PMID- 703459 TI - Speech rehabilitation of a laryngectomized-glossectomized patient. AB - A 58-year-old English speaking female, who underwent total laryngectomy and glossectomy and subsequently learned to communicate verbally via various phonatory and articulatory compensations, is described in this report. Radiologic study and empirical observation showed her to be using the inhalation method to achieve esophageal air charge. Her articulatory compensations were typical of those used by other glossectomized pateints. The extent of her recovery of verbal communication skills through alaryngeal speech suggests that glossectomized laryngectomized patients with similar impairment might benefit from speech rehabilitation where prognosis and general health permit. PMID- 703458 TI - Presurgical counseling needs of laryngectomaes: a survey of 78 patients. AB - Studies of candidated for laryngectomy have revealed a wide range of misconceptions about this surgery and its siquellae. To evalute current preoperative counseling practices, counseling deficits, and needs as perceived by the patient and his family, we surveyed all persons who had undergone laryngectomy at this institution since January 1974. The data indicated that present presurgical counseling practices are inadequate for most patients. There was considerable discrepancy between the actual counseling the patients received and what they considered ideal. For example, most received preoperative information only from their surgeons. Yet many indicated that laryngectomy candidates should be counseled by nurses, speech pathologists, recovered laryngectomees, and others. Almost all reported that the spouse should be present during counseling. Many survey respondents indicated that printed materials and/or audiovisual programs would also be desirable. PMID- 703460 TI - Efficacy of preoperative laryngogram for localization of the ventricle at the anterior commissure. PMID- 703461 TI - Mediastinal goiter and superior vena cava syndrome. AB - Mediastinal goiter as a cause of superior vena cava syndrome and tracheal compression is rare. A case is presented, the literature is reviewed and the otolaryngologic implications are emphasized. PMID- 703462 TI - Metastatic sweat gland carcinoma. AB - In summary the diagnosis of malignant non-metastasizing sweat gland carcinoma is difficult. In cases of metastasizing malignant sweat gland carcinomas, one must distinguish this lesion from metastastic breast carcinomas. The regional lymph nodes are the most likely site of metastasis in sweat gland carcinomas. Wide excision of the primary tumor with resection of the involved regional lymph nodes is considered to be the best initial treatment. Cure rates are in general poor, based on the small number of cases and inadequate follow-up. PMID- 703463 TI - Use of Plastipore for ossicular chain reconstruction. PMID- 703464 TI - Transcanal labyrinthectomy. PMID- 703465 TI - Anesthesia for facial cosmetic surgery: low dosage ketamine--diazepam anesthesia. PMID- 703468 TI - [Alcohol and gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. AB - Alcohol drinking induces acute and chronic lesions of the GI tract; some other GI disorders do occur more frequently in drinkers than in other persons. Alcoholics suffer from gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's syndrome, exophageal cancer and Mallory-Weiss syndrome as well as from hemorrhagic erosive gastritis more often than normal. It is still unsettled if chronic gastritis can be due to alcohol drinking. Alcohol inhibits to some degree the absorption of water, electrolytes, disaccharides and vitamin B12 in the small intestine; it may as well impair intestinal motility and cause diarrhea. Many aspects of the effects of alcohol on the GI tract still remain to be elucidated. The main stay of therapy is abstenence. PMID- 703466 TI - Alcohol induced changes of carbohydrate metabolism [author's transl]. AB - It is evident that ethanol by itself or one of its metabolites produces alterations in transport, metabolism and disposition of carbohydrates. Ethanol acts via changes in the redox state of co-factors; e.g. ethanol-induced hypoglycemia is due, partly, to the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by ethanol as a consequence of the increased NADH2/NAD ratio in patients whose glycogen stores are already depleted. On the other hand, hyperglycemia has also been described in patients with alcoholism. Although its mechanism is still obscure, abnormal hormonal secretion of insulin, catecholamines and glucocorticoids has been incriminated. Finally, structural changes of the liver and pancreas such as cirrhosis and pancreatitis produced by chronic alcohol consumption should also be considered as pathogenetic factors in a variety of clinical states involving deranged carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 703467 TI - [Alcohol induced changes of amino acid metabolism]. AB - The effects of ethanol upon amino acid metabolism represent a complex interaction of ethanol metabolism and its products, nutritional abnormalities and pathological alterations in various organs especially the liver. The effects of chronic alcohol consumption upon amino acid absorption, digestion and transport appear largely of theoretical interest without significant impact on nitrogen balance, hepatic urea or protein synthesis or plasma amino acid patterns. Marked alterations in amino acid metabolism in the liver and other organs are observed in human alcoholics. These result in changes in plasma and tissue levels of amino acids and may explain or contribute to hepatic encephalopathy by altering levels of intermediate products such as catecholamines and neurotransmitters. Plasma amino acid changes due to ethanol may also provide a biochemical marker for the assessment of ethanol consumption in an objective fashion. Amino acid requirements in the diet may be altered in the alcoholic along with lowered protein tolerance. Administration of selected proteins or mixtures of amino acids may provide a means for maintaining nitrogen balance while avoiding or improving hepatic encephalopathy in such patients. PMID- 703469 TI - M.D.'s update on generic. PMID- 703470 TI - Malpractice maze: how to get out - step by step. PMID- 703474 TI - Should Bakke win? PMID- 703473 TI - Is a private sector resolution possible? PMID- 703472 TI - Can you afford to burn up your malpractice policy? PMID- 703471 TI - How the plaintiff's lawyer prepares a malpractice case. PMID- 703475 TI - Court sides with doctor on income deferral plan. PMID- 703477 TI - David 7, Goliath 2. PMID- 703476 TI - New revenue ruling answers questions about self-insurance. PMID- 703478 TI - David vs. Goliath in perspective. PMID- 703479 TI - Bakke: not a black and white decision. PMID- 703481 TI - Patient package inserts--instructions or intrusions? PMID- 703480 TI - Transfusion hepatitis: the blood label could make you liable. PMID- 703482 TI - Swine flu revisited. PMID- 703483 TI - Doctors are focus of some sweeping changes being dusted off in Drug Reform Act. PMID- 703484 TI - Texas deputies empowered to evaluate the mentally ill. PMID- 703485 TI - [Review of oncological service in Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 703486 TI - [The importance and role of biochemical and immunological components of the parotid sputum in the pathogenesis of chronic, recurrent parotitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703487 TI - [Role of DTP vaccine in the convulsive syndroma in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 703488 TI - [A fatal case of leptospiral myocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703489 TI - [Problems of terminology, classification and reliability of cytomorphologic diagnosis of acute leukemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 703490 TI - [A contribution to the discussion about the drugs against angina pectoris (author's transl)]. PMID- 703491 TI - [The role of the pediatrician with cardiologic experience in a medical centre (author's transl)]. PMID- 703492 TI - [Propagation of bone-marrow aplasia and acute leukosis in Croatia]. PMID- 703493 TI - [Aplastic anemias]. PMID- 703495 TI - [Immunological aspects of acute leukoses]. PMID- 703494 TI - [Current therapy of acute leukoses and myelosuppressive effect of cytostatics in the course of treatment]. PMID- 703496 TI - [Myelosuppressive effect of cytostatics in the intensive chemotherapy of solid tumors]. PMID- 703497 TI - [Damage to the bone marrow from the therapeutic aspect]. PMID- 703498 TI - [Bone marrow aplasia in children]. PMID- 703499 TI - [Cytology of bone marrow in aplasia]. PMID- 703500 TI - [Immunohematological sequelae in patients with multiple transfusions]. PMID- 703501 TI - [Preparation and use of thrombocyte and leukocyte concentrations]. PMID- 703503 TI - [Immunity in patients with uremia (author's transl)]. PMID- 703504 TI - [Renal hypertension and regular haemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703502 TI - [The organization of health protection of diabetic patients in Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 703505 TI - [Pulmonary changes in the course of autoimmune diseases: radiologic analysis of 17 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 703506 TI - [Unstable fractures of the axis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703507 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 703509 TI - [Surgical treatment of perforated and bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 703511 TI - [Review of viral acute gastroenteritis in small children (author's transl)]. PMID- 703508 TI - [Foreign bodies in the appendix. (Report of an uncommon case) (author's transl)]. PMID- 703510 TI - ["Autoimmune pulmonary diseases" (author's transl)]. PMID- 703514 TI - [Present status of throat-cancer therapy]. PMID- 703512 TI - [One hour blood D-xylose tolerance test in children with malabsorption syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 703513 TI - [1 g of acetylsalicyl acid activity upon platelet aggregation in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 703515 TI - The action of erabutoxin 'b' in the cerebral cortex: evidence for short latency potentially nicotinic neurones. PMID- 703516 TI - On the mechanism of ethanol-induced accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. PMID- 703517 TI - A radiochemical assay for N-acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.15) and its occurrence in the tissues of the chicken. PMID- 703519 TI - Analgesic activity of substance P following intracerebral administration in rats. PMID- 703518 TI - Association between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and hematocrit in childhood autism. PMID- 703520 TI - Changes in tissue protein levels as a result of endurance exercise. PMID- 703521 TI - Cholinergic blockade of the caudate nucleus and spatial alternation performance in rats: overtraining induced protection against behavioral deficits. PMID- 703522 TI - Prolactin can stimulate general protein synthesis in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in long-term culture. PMID- 703523 TI - Mechanisms underlying the prolactin-lowering effect of meterogoline in the rat. PMID- 703524 TI - Regional high affinity synaptosomal transport of choline in mouse brain- influence of oxotremorine treatment. PMID- 703526 TI - beta-Endorphin-induced increase in striatal dopamine turnover. PMID- 703527 TI - Effects of beta-endorphin on brain serotonin metabolism. PMID- 703528 TI - Inhibition of cholesterol esterases by delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol. PMID- 703525 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the control of renin secretion in the dog (II). PMID- 703529 TI - Pyrroles in neuropsychiatric and porphyric disorders: confirmation of a metabolite structure by synthesis. PMID- 703532 TI - delta 15,18-tetracosadienoic acid content of sphingolipids from platelets and erythrocytes of animals fed diets high in saturated or polyunsaturated fats. PMID- 703530 TI - Effect of intraventricular administration of noradrenaline and dopamine on the levels of corticosterone in rats and denervation hypersensitivity resulting from intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine. PMID- 703533 TI - Liver lipid alterations in rats fed arginine deficient diets. AB - Arginine deficiency is associated with a marked increase in liver lipids in the rat. Triglyceride accumulation accounts for most of the fatty infiltration. Cholesterol concentration per gram of liver increased approximately 280% above control rats receiving dietary arginine. The percentage of phospholipids was significantly decreased in the arginine-deficient rat liver compared to controls. The fatty acid composition revealed a significant reduction in the reduction in the percentage of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acids. However, both stearic and arachidonic acids were increased approximately 250 and 160%, respectively, in arginine-deficient livers compared to controls. Arginine deficiency in the rat causes a marked alteration in lipid metabolism similar to that observed with orotic acid feeding. The similarities or arginine deficiency and orotic acid feeding are discussed. PMID- 703531 TI - Effects of ethanol ingestion and dietary fat levels on mitochondrial lipids in male and female rats. PMID- 703535 TI - Effects of synthetic and natural lysophosphatidic acids on the arterial blood pressure of different animal species. AB - Intravenous injection of lysophosphatidic acid was found to cause hypertension in rats and guinea pigs, but hypotension in cats and rabbits. The potencies of the pressor and depressor effects of synthetic lysophosphatidic acids in rats and cats depended on their chain length and the degree of unsaturation of their fatty acyl moieties. PMID- 703534 TI - Long and medium chain triglycerides increase plasma concentrations of ketone bodies in suckling rats. AB - The potential of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT) as sources of plasma ketones was investigated in suckling rats. Initially high concentrations of plasma ketones in 6-, 10, and 17-day-old rats increased 2- to 3-fold after acute feeding of MCT. This feeding had the same effect in fed or fasted adult rats. Corn oil (as a source of LCT) induced a large increase in the plasma ketone concentration of suckling rats and a relatively small but significant increase in fasted adult rats. The LCT treatment did not affect plasma ketone levels in fed adult rats. The results show clearly that feeding either LCT or MCT will enhance hyperketonemia in suckling rats. In the livers of all animals, regardless of age, the capacity for incorporation of [1( 14C)]octanoate into CO2 and acetoacetate far exceeded that for [1( 14C)]palmitate. The hyperketonemic action of LCT in suckling rats was accompanied by an increased activity of carnitine palmityltransferase and increased level of carnitine. PMID- 703536 TI - A simple method for the standardization of proteolytic enzymes used in blood group serology. PMID- 703539 TI - Evaluation of the Hematrak white cell differential counting machine. PMID- 703537 TI - Some practical considerations for the incorporation of ion-selective electrodes into continuous flow analytical systems. PMID- 703540 TI - [Radioindication of the hemodynamics and functional state of the renal parenchyma in renal artery stenosis]. PMID- 703538 TI - The use of immobilized urease for the determination of plasma urea by continuous flow analysis. PMID- 703541 TI - [Morphometry of rectal cancer in radiation treatment]. PMID- 703542 TI - [Functional thyroid gland activity in malignant neoplasms of the head and neck after gamma teletherapy]. PMID- 703543 TI - [Cellular immunity indices after radioiodine therapy of thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 703544 TI - [Results of the combined radiation treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 703545 TI - [Intraorganic distribution of selenomethionine-75SE]. PMID- 703546 TI - [Computation of the mean bone marrow doses taking into account the real x-ray radiation spectrum]. PMID- 703547 TI - [Microdosimetric characteristics of the neutron spectrum of 252Cf fission and of the P-2 and B-3 beams from the BP-10 reactor]. PMID- 703548 TI - [Radiation dose and energy control in radiation therapy using mailable thermoluminescent dosimeters]. PMID- 703549 TI - [Effect of exogenous thyrocalcitonin on the growth of an irradiated adenocarcinoma-755]. PMID- 703551 TI - [Concentrated nonuniform irradiation of locally spread esophageal cancer]. PMID- 703550 TI - [Plotting the irradiation fields using DMSO]. PMID- 703552 TI - [Clinical dosimetric analysis of the methods of radiation therapy in esophageal cancer]. PMID- 703553 TI - [Use of different models for evaluating the fractionation regimens for intracavitary gamma therapy of cervical cancer]. PMID- 703556 TI - [Experience in using hypoxic radiotherapy with oncological patients]. PMID- 703554 TI - [Radiation hygiene evaluation of interstitial gamma therapy conducted according to the principle of the subsequent introduction of the radioactive sources]. PMID- 703559 TI - [Split-up corses of radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 703555 TI - [Resorptive radioactive preparations in the therapy of eye tumors (an experimental study)]. PMID- 703557 TI - [Radium applicator with a protective layer for the treatment of cervical cancer]. PMID- 703558 TI - [Method of prolonged irradiation of the extremities of animals by a contact procedure]. PMID- 703560 TI - [Planning the radiation therapy of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 703561 TI - An epidemic of antifreeze poisoning. PMID- 703562 TI - Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning caused by methylene chloride paintstripper. PMID- 703563 TI - The pathophysics and pathomechanics of trauma. PMID- 703564 TI - Arsonists in prison. PMID- 703565 TI - False positive identification. PMID- 703566 TI - Head injury and the CT scanner. PMID- 703567 TI - The Inner North London Study of Sudden Infant Death and its relevance for the community services. PMID- 703568 TI - The objective comparison of the particle size distributions in soils with particular reference to the sand fraction. PMID- 703569 TI - Classification inconsistencies in defining the criminally mentally abnormal. PMID- 703570 TI - Women in medicine. PMID- 703571 TI - The painful ear. PMID- 703572 TI - Diseases of the pharynx. PMID- 703574 TI - Nasal hemorrhage. PMID- 703573 TI - "I have sinus trouble!". PMID- 703575 TI - Acute vertigo. PMID- 703576 TI - Airway obstruction. PMID- 703577 TI - 11--The "Ashman phenomenon". PMID- 703578 TI - [Inflammatory diseases of the lymphnodes]. PMID- 703579 TI - [Quantitative data on the additive effect of a beta-receptor blockader and a saluretic in the therapy of hypertension. Interindividual-component comparison in a doble-blind study]. PMID- 703580 TI - [Postcoital contraception]. PMID- 703581 TI - [Mianserin (Tolvin) in the management of glaucoma patients with depression]. PMID- 703582 TI - [Hemodynamics following saralasin bolus injection]. PMID- 703583 TI - [Application possibilities of echocardiography]. PMID- 703584 TI - [Endocrine syndromes in neoplasms]. PMID- 703585 TI - [Regulation of ventricular tachycardia with precordial fist blow]. PMID- 703586 TI - [Dietary pattern of workers employed in a 3-shift system]. AB - The studies were performed among 105 workers aged 19 to 30 years, working in a 3 shift-system for at least one year. A questionnaire method of examination was used. Each worker was asked about his usual frequency of meals, sleep time and life routine while working on different shifts, as well as about the consumption of food in the last 24 hours. Usually, regardless of the period of working shift, workers consumed few number 57 meals. Meals during the working time were eaten mostly by morning-shift workers and very rarely by night-shift workers. Comparing calorific values of the meals consumed prior to the working hours at different time of shift work it has been shown that the meals consumed before night shift had the highest values, whereas the meals consumed prior to the morning shift had the lowest values. Generally, the meals consumed by shift workers did not vary and involved a large percentage of meat products, and fats, and too little percentage of vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products. The food consumed by the workers under examinination contained mainly fats, protein and relatively little carbohydrates and ascorbic acid. Most of the workers preferred morning shift although sleep time was longest in case of afternoon shift. Complaints typical of the night shift included great fatigue and sleepiness. The sleep time was the shortest in case of this shift and sometimes it hardly amounted to 3 hours per day. The obtained results may be used for an elaboration of the lines of most suitably arranged meals schedule for shift and night workers. PMID- 703587 TI - [Covariance of the level of activation and work performance as a method of evaluating the work load]. AB - Assuming as proved the claim that there is a relation between the activation level and the results of work performed, which may be presented by means of a curve bearing a reversed "U" shape, it has been assumed that we can think of a work load when there is a negative correlation between these parameters. This assumption has been checked by comparying work load of weaving women operating two different types of looms. As an index of activation level, the frequency heart rate has been taken, whereas the rapidity of work performance and results of interpolated tests (reaction time, centre-punching, dotting, drawing a line and accuracy of observation) have been treated as the indices of capability for work. Differences in the trend of interdependence between these groups of parameters, depending on the type of activity performed and the type of loom under description, have been found, which indicates that this method may possibly be used when evaluating the load as well as pointing out its sources. PMID- 703589 TI - [Method for evaluating the concentration of alpha radiation potential energy of thorium Rn-220 in the air]. AB - The paper presents assumptions and a description of an improved method for measuring the potential energy of radon decay products in the air. The method is based on the detection of alpha radiation emitted by ThC', in properly selected time intervals after the process of air filtration, i.e. collecting thoron decay products on the filter has been finished. The method has been worked out for various duration of filtration, i.e. 1--15 min, with measuring time intervals from 10 to 180 min. The method obtained is fit for the measurements of concentrations in a wide range of variation. Radioactivity of the deposit is being calculated on the basis of comparative measurements of 239Pu source of known activity. The sensitivity of the method for the most sensitive range is 0.84 . 10(4) MeV/litre per 1 liter of air filtered. PMID- 703588 TI - [Spectrum character of vibration and clinical form of vibration disease]. AB - 300 workers of metalurgical plant exposed to vibrations were divided according to the chief work tool into the three groups: 1) moulder, 2) mould cleaner and 3) ironworker--grinder. The velocity of vibration was measured and the spectrum of vibrations examined. The product of vibration velocity excesses was evaluated within the following three bands of frequency: 16--63 Hz, 125--250 Hz, 500--2000 Hz and the frequency of occurrence of the two main forms of vibration disease, i.e. angioneurosis and osteoarthrosis was calculated. The osteoarthretic form of vibration disease was significantly more frequent when the multiplicity of surpassing the velocity of vibration occurred with low frequencies (moulders), and angioneurotic form was more frequent at high and very high frequencies. It seems, that "the safe limit" of vibration frequency should be transferred to frequencies higher than 500 Hz. PMID- 703590 TI - [Nerve conduction in vibratory disease]. AB - Sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities in median and ulnar nerves of both upper limbs were examined in 30 forest-workers, felling trees with the aid of the mechanical saws, and demonstrating symptoms and signs of vibratory disease. A distinct decrease of the conduction velocity of sensory fibres and reduction of the nerve action potential amplitude of the examined nerves were found in these patients in comparison with the control group. Mean motor conduction velocity and distal motor latency of both nerves were included in the norm. No relationship occurs between the length of the work, time and the degree of the disorder of the sensory nerve conduction. The degree of the lesion of sensory fibres depends more on an individual susceptibility than on the length of the work time of workers exposed to local vibration. PMID- 703592 TI - [Diagnosis, prophylaxis and certification of occupational hearing loss]. AB - The paper includes some methodical guides for the physicians dealing with hearing protection in noisy industry and diagnosis and certification of occupational hearing loss. The Polish norm PN-77 N-01310 concerning the damage risk criteria, permissible levels of noise on work-posts, role and damping qualities of ear protectors as well as principles pre-employment and follow-up medical examinations are discussed. Apart from the frequency of audiometric tests the author lists in detail the standard conditions of the performance of these tests and their methodology. Then such problems are presented as the clinic of noise induced hearing impairment, diagnostic criteria and criteria of certification, differential diagnosis and principles of evaluating capability for work in case of those suffering from hearing loss of various degree. PMID- 703591 TI - [Experimental silicosis. I. Fibrogenic effect of synthetic amorphous silica]. AB - Fibrogenic properties of two dusts of synthetic hydrated amorphous silicas, Ze-O Sil (French production) and Arsil (Polish production) were studied. Experimental silicosis was induced by intratracheal administration to rats of a single dust dose (50 mg in 0.6 ml NaCl). Fibrogenic properties were tested 3, 6, 9 months after administration of the dust. X-ray diffraction and chemical tests did not reveal any form of crystalline. Si02 in the composition of the investigated dusts. The dusts tested as compared with quartz, were characterized by a great solubility up to 211 mg/l, which made the dust excretion from the lungs easy; after 6 month-experiment approximately 1.2 mg of Arsil dust and about 28 mg of quartz dust residue was found. Fibrogenic properties of Arsil dust, represented by wet lungs weight increase and hydroxyproline content in lungs, were more pronounced than those of Ze-O-Sil. Hydroxyproline content 3 months after administration of Arsil, Ze-O-Sil, TiO2 and weak quartz amounted to 7.3 mg, 5.1 mg, 3.8 mg and 6.0 mg, respectively. Histological and ultrastructural investigations demonstrated that disseminated, multifocal granulomas were the basic reaction to both dusts; no clear histological signs of cytolytic action on the cells of dust granulomas were found. In the lungs no silicotic nodules or degeneration of changes were revealed. Neither biochemical tests nor histological examinations revealed a progressive development of fibrous connective tissue. In result of the studies the authors suggest 2 mg/m3 as a MAC value for Arsil dust instead of 10 mg/m3--the value which has been hitherto used. PMID- 703593 TI - [Effect of intermediate reasons on occupational accidents based on the construction of a large industrial plant]. AB - In the report given one compared the formation of work accidents in the course of building big manufacturing chemical works during the period of two succeeding years. On the basis of the number of registered work accidents as well as clear sighted observation the author presents a series of intermediate reasons having an effect on the rise of accidents mainly during the last year of building. Both from the contents of the report and from the conclusions drawn ways of preventing their occurrence result. PMID- 703594 TI - [Evaluation of neurological status and EEG tests in workers exposed to metallic mercury vapors]. AB - Workers occupationally exposed to mercury vapours were examined. Concentrations of mercury vapours in the air in a plant producing thermometers did not exceed 0.02 mg/m3 whereas in a plant producing electrical lamps they ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/m3. Most of the workers complained of nervous system disorders, especially of headaches, hypersensibility, dyssomnia, paresthesias. Subjective changes in form of some marks of central and peripheral nervous system impairment were found in more than 40% of working women exposed to mercury vapours, whereas in the control group--only in 4%. The symptoms of the central nervous system impairment were more frequent and diversified in the group of women working in the plant producing electrical lamps. In the EEG tests abnormal electroencephalograms amounted to 44.5%. The most frequent changes were of generalized nature (24.0%). Paroxysmal changes in form of the discharge of dysrhythmical function of theta and sharp waves, were found in 16.6%. In the control group changes in electroencephalograms were less frequent and comprised only 15.3% of those tested. Generalized and paroxysmal changes were also less frequent, 10.7% and 4.0%, respectively. PMID- 703595 TI - [Phagocytic activity of leukocytes in acutely intoxicated persons]. AB - Evaluation of the reaction of leukocytes in peripheral blood of people suffering from acute exogenic intoxications was undertaken. The examination comprised 47 persons aged 15--72, intoxicated with soporifics, sedatives, carbon monoxide and other substances (ethanol, methanol, lyes). The control group consisted of 26 persons, aged 18--56, in this 10 healthy persons, 10 persons with acute bacterial infections and 6 with viral infections. For evaluation of phagocytic activity of granulocytes a test of the reduction of nitrotetrazoline blue (NBT) was used. Besides the activity of non-specific esterases in monocytes and lymphocytes was determined. The data obtained demonstrated significant differences in the behaviour of the NBT test in granulocytes of acutely intoxicated persons, as compared with healthy people and those suffering from bacterial and viral diseases. PMID- 703596 TI - [Establishment of somatic development norms: new methods]. AB - The work presents the statistic method for establishing norms of the "general somatic development". The method is based on experimental investigation of "Chemar" workers in Kielce. For this scale T1, was used which allows to compare different somatic features. The authors state that this model can be used when the best--adjusted curve for the results in the scale T1 fulfils Gauss model. In order to investigate the convergence of particular somatic features with the general somatic development the coefficient H was applied. It was stated that by means of the coefficient H one can determine which features show: very good, good, medium and weak convergence with the general somatic development. PMID- 703597 TI - State trends in resident patients state and county mental hospital inpatient services 1971-1975. PMID- 703598 TI - Vibration and praise as reinforcers for mentally handicapped people. PMID- 703599 TI - Through the looking glass: socio-drama and mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 703600 TI - Communication with the severely and profoundly handicapped: a psycholinguistic approach. PMID- 703601 TI - Organization development and the developmentally disabled: the accreditation of a work experience facility. PMID- 703602 TI - Thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine conversion by rat anterior pituitary and liver. PMID- 703603 TI - Effect of apomorphine and piribedil on the secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin in patients with primary hypothyroidism. AB - The administration of apomorphine and piribedil, two dopaminergic agents, significantly reduced thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin levels in six female patients with primary hypothyroidism. These data provide further evidence for an inhibitory role of dopaminergic stimulation on TSH secretion. PMID- 703604 TI - Experimental cystinuria: the cycloleucine model. II. Amino acid efflux from intestinal and renal tissues. AB - Loading and unloading experiments using intestinal sacs and renal cortex slices were undertaken to ascertain the role of amino acid efflux in cycloleucine induced amino-aciduria. The presence of cycloleucine, lysine, or valine on the luminal or antiluminal side of the intestine caused an increased leakage of [14C] cycloleucine, [14C] lysine, and [35S] cystine from the tissue. Similar results were obtained when using kidney cortex slices, except for cystine efflux. The latter phenomenon was inhibited by cycloleucine and lysine. Data, also obtained with renal cortex slices, suggest that cystine and cysteine are recognized by different transport sites although one (the oxidized form) may be typically extracellular and the other (the reduced form), intracellular. A comparison of these data with previous works done in our laboratory shows that cycloleucine affects efflux less than influx and further suggests that in rats given cycloleucine, renal transport is impaired only at the brush border level for cystine and at both luminal and antiluminal membranes for dibasic amino acids. PMID- 703605 TI - The regulation of renal ammoniagenesis in the rat by extracellular factors. II. Ammoniagenesis by rat kidney slices incubating in normal acidotic sera. PMID- 703606 TI - Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia with para-aminosalicylic acid-C: a possible mechanism of action. AB - The effect of para-aminosalicylic acid-C (PAS-C, 8 g/day) on lipid metabolism was studied on a metabolic ward in nine subjects with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. During 2 wk on a basal isocaloric liquid formula diet (40% fat, 45% carbohydrate), PAS-C reduced plasma triglyceride (-41.9 +/- 18.9%, p less than .01, -x +/- SD), cholesterol (-22.8 +/- 12.9%, p less than .005), and a very low density lipoprotein triglyceride (p less than .001) and cholesterol (p less than .01) levels without changing the cholesterol content of low density or high density lipoproteins. Similar effects occurred on a fat-free, 85% carbohydrate diet. Decreases in very low density lipoproteins correlated with changes in both total triglyceride (r = .99, p less than .01) and cholesterol (r = .70, p less than .05). Treatment with PAS-C reduced the plasma triglyceride removal rate related to lipoprotein lipase (-14.6 +/- 14.1%, p less than .02), but did not alter plasma postheparin lipolytic activity or the apparent Km for substrate-enzyme interaction. Kinetic data obtained during the prolonged heparin infusion fit the linearized Michaelis-Menten model for subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. The reduction in the plasma triglyceride concentration during PAS-C treatment was a function of the decrease in triglyceride removal rate (r = .74, p less than .025) without alternation in the maximal removal capacity related to lipoprotein lipase. This suggests that under the steady state conditions of these studies, the decrease in plasma triglyceride concentration was due to a reduction in endogenous triglyceride production. Free fatty acid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, fat absorption, and thyroid function did not change. These results suggest that PAS-C lowers plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels in hypertriglyceridemic subjects reducing endogenous very low density lipoprotein production and/or secretion into the circulation. PMID- 703607 TI - Achilles tendon thickness and ischemic heart disease in familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Achilles tendon thickness (ATT) of 112 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with and without ischemic heart disease (IHD) was measured radiographically and was compared with that of normal subjects. The mean and SD of serum cholesterol in the heterozygotes (107 cases), the homozygotes (5 cases) and the normal subjects (36 cases) were 347 +/- 63, 589 +/- 69 and 187 +/- 30 mg/dl, respectively. The mean and SEM of ATT in the heterozygotes, the homozygotes and the normal subjects were 12.5 +/- 0.4 mm, 18.6 +/- 6.6 mm, and 6.3 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively. Cutaneous xanthomas were observed in 34 out of 112 patients (30.4%). Increased ATT was observed in 95 (84.8%). IHD was diagnosed in 39 (34.8%). The ATT of FH with IHD was significantly thicker than that of FH without IHD (P less than 0.05) and that of normal subjects (p less than 0.001). Thus, the increased ATT evaluated by x-ray was the earliest clinical sign of FH and the measurement of ATT seems to be a useful adjunctive procedure for detecting familial hypercholesterolemic patients and predicting IHD in them. PMID- 703608 TI - Procedures for minimizing protease activity during isolation of nuclei, chromatin, and the histones. PMID- 703609 TI - Methods and mechanisms of chromosome banding. PMID- 703610 TI - Isolation of nuclei from animal cells in culture. PMID- 703611 TI - Isolation and purification of nucleoli and nucleolar chromatin from mammalian cells. PMID- 703612 TI - Nucleolar proteins. PMID- 703613 TI - Electrophoretic fractionation of histones utilizing starch gels and sodium dodecyl sulfate--urea gels. PMID- 703614 TI - Resolution of histones by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of nonionic detergents. PMID- 703615 TI - Preparation of chromatin from animal tissues and cultured cells. PMID- 703616 TI - Fractionation of nonhistone proteins by histone-affinity chromatography. PMID- 703617 TI - Fractionation of nonhistone chromosomal proteins. PMID- 703618 TI - Fractionation of chromosomal nonhistone proteins using chromatin--cellulose resins: purification of steroid hormone acceptor proteins. PMID- 703619 TI - Methods for assessing the binding of steroid hormones in nuclei and chromatin. PMID- 703620 TI - Proteins of nuclear ribonucleoprotein subcomplexes. PMID- 703621 TI - Isolation and characterization of ribonucleoprotein particles containing heterogeneous nuclear RNA. PMID- 703622 TI - Methods for isolation of nuclei from cultured mammalian cells; conditions for perferential retention of selected histones. PMID- 703623 TI - Methods for isolation of nuclei from spermatozoa. PMID- 703624 TI - Manual enucleation of Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 703625 TI - Macro and micro methods for isolation and injection of cell components from polytene tissues. PMID- 703626 TI - Isolation of nuclei and chromatin from Phycomyces blakesleeanus. PMID- 703628 TI - MSMS legislative chairman reviews, looks forward, in capitol activity. PMID- 703627 TI - Mammalian metaphase chromosomes. PMID- 703629 TI - Seeing 'physicians in action' great benefit of AMSA-MECO. PMID- 703630 TI - The countersuit: the situation in Michigan today. PMID- 703631 TI - Physicians can take steps to assure CME programs are worthwhile. PMID- 703632 TI - Michigan's mental health system: Community services, legal issues are key features of sixties, seventies. PMID- 703633 TI - Pontiac MDs describe medicine to radio audience. PMID- 703635 TI - Surgeons' charges vary widely, specialty society study shows. PMID- 703634 TI - Sen. Faust, majority leader, promotes accountability. PMID- 703636 TI - 'Minors may give own consent; no physicians liable for their care'. PMID- 703637 TI - When you can't raise fees to cope with rising overhead. PMID- 703638 TI - The advantages to MD and patient of outpatient surgery. PMID- 703639 TI - Former state department director talks about mental health care. PMID- 703640 TI - Oakland University establishes model for employee preventive health program. PMID- 703641 TI - [Effect of cultivation conditions on the cytochrome system of Candida mycoderma yeasts]. AB - The effect of aeration of the medium, the source of carbon, yeast autolysate and its components (amino acids, vitamins, cytochrome precursors) on the biosynthesis of cytochromes and the ratio between them was studied in the cells of Candida mycoderma. The content of cytochromes b and c increased in the cells at the stationary phase of growth on the Rieder medium regardless of the carbon source and in the presence of elevated concentrations of iron and yeast autolysate (or one of its components, delta-aminolevulinic acid), whereas the content of cytochromes a + a3 decreased. These changes in the content of cytochromes were found in the conditions of strong oxygen deficiency in the medium during the stationary phase. PMID- 703642 TI - [Effect of inorganic electron acceptors on the bacterial formation of methane from cellulose]. AB - The effect of nitrate, nitrogen oxide, sulphate, oxidized iron and manganese on the methane fermentation of cellulose was studied with the enrichment bacterial culture. The action of these oxidants on the enrichment culture growing on cellulose was compared to that on a pure methanosarcina culture in order to find out which stage of methane formation from cellulose was inhibited. Nitrate at the concentration of 2 g NaNO3 and more per litre of the medium inhibited the whole process of fermentation; at the concentration less than 2 g/l the production of methane was inhibited, and cellulose decomposition was accompanied with denitrification. Sulphate at the concentration of 2 g MgSO4 per litre had no effect on the formation of methane but the process was inhibited by the product of its reduction, i. e. sulphiade. Cellulose decomposition could be accompanied with sulphate reduction if sulphide produced in the process of the reduction were removed from the medium. In this case as well as in the presence of ferric iron, the production of methane was inhibited due to competition for the reducing agent. PMID- 703643 TI - [Carbon assimilation pathways in the methylotrophy of Pseudomonas gazotropha]. AB - The dynamics of label distribution was studied in the products of 14CH3OH assimilation by the cells of Pseudomonas gazotropha Z-1156. Substances to be first detected were glycolate, glycine and those of the chromatogram "start" spot. Later, the radioactivity was detected in phosphorylated compounds and glycerate. Cell extracts of Ps. gazotropha Z-1156 contained ribosephosphate isomerase, phosphoribulokinase and glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase but not ribulosediphosphate carboxylase. Distribution of the label in the products of 14CH3OH assimilation and the presence of active hydroxypyruvate reductase in the extract suggest that the serine cycle is involved in methylotrophy of Ps. gazotropha Z-1156. This suggestion is confirmed by the presence of active formate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, (NADP+, Mn2+)-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, (NAD, Mg2+)-specific malate dehydrogenase, malate lyase, and isocitrate lyase. The citric acid cycle is open at the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase system. The dry biomass of Ps. gazotropha Z-1156 contains over 70% of protein. PMID- 703644 TI - [Carotenoid content and the photoresistence of the energy metabolism system in fungi]. AB - The protective role of carotenoids upon the action of light with regard to energy metabolism was studied in fungi. The energy effectiveness of the interaction between fungi and the environment was found to be more photoresistant in pigmented species than in pigmentless forms. The content of ATP and the values of the respiratory quotient were more stable in this case. Apparently, carotenoids participate in the regulation of fungi respiration in the conditions of illumination with short-wavelength visible light. PMID- 703645 TI - [Growth of Micrococcus lysodeikticus bacteria on a deuterated medium]. AB - The object of this work was to prepare deuterated growth media and to adapt Micrococcus lysodeikticus to a medium containing deuterated-substituted organic substances and deuterium oxide instead of water. M. lysodeikticus was grown on a medium prepared from the "deuterated-cells" of Chlorella, and was capable of absorbing selectively protons from such a medium containing high concentrations of deuterium. Its deuterated cells ("monsters") produced structures consisting of several (up to 8) smaller cells, angular in shape and having a thicker (2--3 times) cell wall. Apparently, adaptation to a deuterated medium is accompanied with changes in the cell wall biosynthesis as a result of which the separation of daughter cells is interfered with in the course of cell division, and the cells are more resistant to the action of lysozyme. PMID- 703646 TI - [Variability of the proteolytic activity in the thermotolerant actinomycete, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]. AB - The thermophilic culture of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris PA-11-4a, like other actinomycetes, is characterized by a high variability. This strain produces protease. The property is maintained if spores are incubated in sterilized distilled water for 30 min after lyophilization and then inoculated onto a solid medium (Petri plates) in order to select small dark-coloured colonies. The activity of protease does not decrease if such colonies are grown on solid media during seven months at 4 degrees C. PMID- 703647 TI - [Effect of various nitrogen sources on lipase formation by Rhizopus microsporus]. AB - The effect of organic and mineral nitrogen sources on the production of lipolytic enzymes and the accumulation of biomass was studied with Rhizopus microsporus UzLT-I. Addition of mineral nitrogen sources to the growth medium weakly stimulated synthesis of lipase by the fungus. The production of lipolytic enzymes was highest on media with organic nitrogen compounds, particularly yeast autolysate and fodder yeast cells (0.1: 0.25%). The lipolytic activity of the cultural broth on media with these nitrogen sources increased by 50% cf. the control. PMID- 703648 TI - [Effect of exogenous acetyl group acceptors on cholinesterase biosynthesis in Arthrobacter simplex cells]. AB - The presence of active acetyl or butyryl groups and their acceptors in the growth medium was found to be necessary for the high rate of cholinesterase biosynthesis in the cells of Arthrobacter simplex var. cholinesterasus. The active acetyl and butyryl groups are formed upon hydrolysis of acetylcholine and butyrylcholine as well as in the course of glucose metabolism. The following acids were shown to be the acceptors of the acetyl and butyryl groups: butyric, succinic, fumaric, malic acids and, to a less extent, alpha-ketoglutaric acid. The active acetyl and butyryl groups are bound with the acceptors under the control of coenzyme A in the reactions of fatty acid synthesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Presumably, CoA regulates cholinesterase synthesis. The high rate of CoA binding in metabolic reactions provides conditions for the intensive synthesis of cholinesterase; the deceleration of these reactions inhibits the biosynthesis of cholinesterase. PMID- 703649 TI - [Origin of the oxygen detected by the Viking stations in an analysis of Mars soil]. AB - Reactions between the mineral limonite and hydrogen peroxide were studied and gases produced thereupon were analysed by gas chromatography. Oxygen did not evolve if limonite was added to hydrogen peroxide frozen at a temperature of dry ice. However, at room temperature, a vigorous chemical reaction occurred and a large amount of oxygen evolved. Apparently, the ground of Mars contains not only hydrated iron oxides but also frozen hydrogen peroxide whose thawing in the incubation chamber of Viking resulted in its catalytic degradation under the action of iron ions. The evidence thus obtained and its comparison with the data of American scientists account for considerable evolution of oxygen detected by Viking upon analysis of the Mars ground. PMID- 703650 TI - [Extracellular polysaccharides and the taxonomy of yeasts of the genus Lipomyces]. AB - Variations in the composition of extracellular polysaccharides in Lipomyces spp. are discussed in terms of the species differentiation within the genus. Extracellular polymers of certain mycelial lower ascomycetes (Dipodascopsis uninucleata, Dipodascus spp., Endomyces magnusii) were found to be similar, this suggesting a relationship between these organisms. PMID- 703651 TI - [Petroleum-oxidizing microflora of the Arctic seas of the USSR]. AB - Active petroleum-oxidizing bacteria of the USSR arctic seas are represented by Mycobacterium mucosum (non-colored), Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium brevicale (red-orange) which inhabit the Yenisei Bay, the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. Vertical distribution of the petroleum-oxidizing mycobacteria is characterized by substitution of non-coloured forms for coloured ones with depth: "white" strains are found mainly in the surface layer while red and yellow-orange strains are detected in deep water layers and near the bottom. PMID- 703652 TI - [Nature of wine yeast glutamate dehydrogenase inhibition by adenylic nucleoside phosphates]. AB - The mode of inhibition of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase by adenylic nucleoside phosphates (ATP, ADP, AMP) was studied with Saccharomyces vini. AMP was found to be a competitive inhibitor for glutamate dehydrogenase whereas the action of ADP and ATP was of a mixed character. PMID- 703653 TI - A review of instrumentation and therapeutic techniques in the diagnosis and management of supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia can usually be managed without any specific therapy or with an appropriate drug program. Some patients, however, are resistant to conventional therapy. In the past decade, the electrophysiologic pathogenic mechanisms of this rhythm disorder have been elucidated, and this, coupled with progress in intracardiac instrumentation, has enabled the physician to induce specific rhythm disorders and to map them to determine an ideal, specially tailored method of treatment. As a result, the use of radiofrequency pacing and surgery are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, especially those with arrhythmias related to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 703654 TI - Electrode system for permanent implantable defibrillators: transvenous catheter and subcutaneous plate electrodes. AB - The permanently implanted automatic defibrillator offers an alternative treatment for heart patients with high risk of ventricular fibrillation, who cannot be safely treated by surgery or drugs. Because of size and energy requirements, permanently implanted automatic defibrillators are not presently practical for many of these patinets, and sudden death from ventricular fibrillation remains a majof health problem. This study, which determines the optimal electrode configuration of the transvenous catheter when used in conjunction with a subcutaneous plate or disk electrode for transvenous ventricular defibrillation, attempts one of many changes needed to improve the defibrillator's efficiency so that it will be a viable alternative treatment for delicate heart patients. PMID- 703655 TI - [Course of antibodies in men after vaccination with the inactivated influenca vaccine Alorbat (author's transl)]. PMID- 703657 TI - ["Iris diagnosis"]. PMID- 703656 TI - [Occupational medicine in small and medium enterprises in industrialized and developing countries]. PMID- 703658 TI - [Mental disorders following beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation?]. PMID- 703659 TI - [Arrhythmias, diagnosis and therapy. Sinoatrial block (SA-block) 2]. PMID- 703660 TI - [Indications and use of therapeutic component separation]. AB - Therapeutic component separation: Clinical indications and applications. This original communication describes clinical indications, applications and results of the component separation. We have used the Hemonetics cell-separator designed for a discontinuous separation procedure. By this means component separation was rapid and plasma-exchange efficient, which offers a promising way for symptomatic treatment when a qualitative or quantitative modification of the composition of the blood is wanted (e.g. diminuation of hyperviscosity, modifications of circulating immune complexes, elimination of toxic antibodies and protein bound toxins). Component separation represents a step forward to supportive treatment and immunological reconstitution. PMID- 703662 TI - [Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 703661 TI - [Treatment results of therapy resistant acute leukemias with 7 cystostatic agents (TRAMPCO-scheme)]. AB - Treatment of therapy-resistant acute leukemia with 7 cytostatics (TRAMPCO) 13 adult patients with acute leukemia, primarily and secondarily resistant to other combined therapy, as well as 2 untreated patients were treated with 7 cytostatic drugs according to the so called TRAMPCO-regimen. 5 complete remissions and 5 partial remissions were obtained corresponding to a degree of response of 66%. The duration of remission was relatively short with 1 to 5 months, in one case more than 6 months. The toxicity of the combined therapy could be tolerated, the personal subjective tolerance was good. The Trampco-regiment therefore represents a realistic possibility in the treatment of acute leukemia resistant to other forms of treatment. PMID- 703663 TI - [Long-term results after transluminal recanalization of arterial obliterations (author's transl)]. AB - The study provides information on 22 patients in whom a total of 24 transluminal recanalization procedures were carried out because of obliterations of the A. femoralis superficialis. In addition to 6 primary failures, there were 7 occlusions within 12 hours to 6 months after treatment. Eleven patients were examined 18 to 36 months after surgery. Of these only one patient had a new occlusion. The results are compared with those of other study groups. Morphologic vascular changes are considered to be the cause of the relatively high number of primary failures. The significance of prophylaxis with anticoagulants is pointed out. PMID- 703664 TI - [Combined rubber band ligation and cryosurgery of hemorrhoids (author's transl)]. AB - By means of the combined rubber band ligation and cryosurgery of hemorrhoids a good therapy result was achieved on more than 200 patients. For the treatment of not too large hemorrhoid nodes and confluent hemorrhoids the aspiration ligation is quite sufficient. In third degree hemorrhoids, particularly in large prolapsing hemorrhoids, the rubber band ligation should include also the cryodestruction. In some cases two or three weeks later the cryodestruction has to be carried out again, depending on the finding and stage progredience. The advantage of this combined method is that the treatment can be performed on outpatients, and without much pains it is an effective therapy in any kind of hemorrhoid ailments. In addition, the postoperative complaints are less than by using the cryosond only. The application of cryotherapy shows also good results in the case of marriscae and anal fissures. PMID- 703666 TI - [Diagnosis of stomach diseases: Endoscpy or coentgenography]. PMID- 703665 TI - [Infectious urethritis]. PMID- 703667 TI - [Duodenal ulcer of foreign workers (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study of the patients with a duodenal ulcer in our clinic in the past 3 years has shown a greater incidence of the disease in foreign workers in Germany, aged between 20 and 30 years. This difference concerns men as well as women. The consequences of this kind of ulcer and the possibilities of an indication for operation are discussed in detail. PMID- 703668 TI - [Pseudocholinesterase in patients with and without liver diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of plasma pseudocholinesterase (PChE) was determined on admission and prior to discharge from the hospital in 200 patients admitted consecutively to a medical ward specialized in liver and infectious diseases. In 24% of patients without liver diseases and without malignant growths the pseudocholinesterase-activity was below normal on admission but increased during the observation period toward normal values. There was a negative correlation between pseudocholinesterase-activity and the intensity of the inflammatory activity as measured by granulocyte count, ESR, body temperature and IgA. This correlation could be established for patients without demonstrable liver pathology as well as for liver diseases. Elevated pseudocholinesterase-levels were observed only in three cases of toxic liver injury (2 heavy drinkers, 1 case of polytoxicomania). In all patients with malignant diseases subnormal values of pseudocholinesterase were observed. Only one patient had normal pseudocholinesterase-activity on admission, but the pseudocholinesterase decreased within a few weeks to subnormal values as the underlying malignant melanoma progressed. The decrease of pseudocholinesterase-activity in malignant diseases was independent of the presence of liver metastases. PMID- 703669 TI - [Cytodiagnosis of pancreatic juice and gall (author's transl)]. AB - In 260 cytologic examinations of pancreatic juice and gall we were able to make a reliable diagnosis in 75%. 90% of the samples were taken before an ERCP. In the cytogram the cells of the gall passages, of the duodenum, and of the pancreas are easily distinguishable. Degenerative pancreas epithelia appear not only in pancreatitis but also in pancreatic carcinoma. 78% of the cases of pancreatic cancer were cytologically positive. By combining cytological examination with ERCP we can attain a large degree of reliability in the detection of cancer. PMID- 703670 TI - [A contribution as to the effect of (+)-Cyanidanol-3 in chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. AB - In an open controlled multicenter study the effectiveness of various dose levels of (+)-Cyanidanol-3 (Catergen) in patients suffering from chronic liver disease and treated over a period of 6 months is assessed. Subjective symptoms as fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting and pruritus are positively influenced at all dose levels. A statistically significant fall of the transaminases SGOT, SGPT and gamma--GT however occurs only at a dosage of 6 tablets per day (3000 mg per day) of (+)-Cyanidanol-3, which cannot be demonstrated at a dose level of 3 X 1 tablet per day. Between the dosage of 2 X 3 or 3 X 2 tablets per day is no significant difference. Side effects due to therapy could not be observed. PMID- 703671 TI - [Infectious urethritis]. PMID- 703672 TI - [Arrhythmias in athlets (author's transl)]. AB - 380 athletes in optimal performance were examinated within 10 years between 2 and 13 times (average: 4 times): ECG were taken at rest, during breathing tests and under maximal physical load by ergometry. 88 (23.2%) of them showed arrhythmias, 32 in the same examination different forms of premature beats. All kinds of arrhythmias were seen except atrial flatter, total av-block and paroxysmal tachycardias. Breathing tests provoked most of arrhythmias followed by the recovery after maximal physical load. Follow-up studies and clinical examinations proved that in 86 sportsmen these arrhythmias were not a symptom of heart disease. Only in 2 athletes heart injury could not be excluded. But in nearly 50% extracardial inflammations, like tonsillitis, bronchitis etc., were found. It is discussed that bradycardia and vagotonia of the highly trained sportsmen cause the arrhythmias. This vagotonia is intensified by breathing tests. But arrhythmias found in athletes should cause an examination for other chronical sicknesses. PMID- 703673 TI - [Cystic degeneration of blood vessel walls]. PMID- 703674 TI - [Infusion therapy of hemorrhagic and traumatic shock]. PMID- 703675 TI - [Echocaridographic measurements of left ventricle, heart volume, and maximal oxygen uptake (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiograms, radiological heart volume and datas by treadmill-exercis of 50 endurance athlets were studied. There was a highly significant correlation between radiological heart volume and left ventricular dimension as well as left ventricular volume including stroke volume. Other good relations were found between echocardiographic measurements and maximal oxygen uptake. These findings of left ventricular echocardiographic dimensions compared with heart volume and oxygen uptake support the value of this method and permit its use in the analysis of physiological and pathologic changes. PMID- 703676 TI - [Cardiovascular tissue response to intracardiac pacemaking (author's transl)]. AB - With transvenous intracardiac implantation of pacemakers after a few days already a fibrotic wall has developed around the impulse generator by a chronical proliferous process. Where the electrode has been advanced through the vein-wall and in the following veins the cable is wrapped cuff-like by increased collagenous fibres. Frequently these formed an adhesion with the inner vein-wall for quite some distance. Inside the heart, adhesion to the tricuspid valve may lead to insufficiency of this. The incorporation in the myocardium occurs as embedding in connective tissue. Here also chronical proliferous processes occur obviously. The electric conductiveness in the primary thrombo-cellular state after implantation is reduced rather than in late phase of hyaline building. In 12 instances of autopsy, 4 persons died a non-natural death (suicide). In one case, technical failure caused death, and once pulmonary embolism. In the other cases, the basic ailment seems to have been fatal. In four of these 6 instances, the scale of myocardial and endocardial tissue response to the pacemaker have aggravated certainly the prior process of disease. In conclusion, discerning opinions on fitness and safety in traffic and on the limitations of these therapeutical measures are ventilated. PMID- 703677 TI - [The effects of atenolol on the heart size, on the heart rate, and on the blood pressure at rest (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiac functions like heart size, heart rate, and blood pressure were studied at rest in 23 digitalized and 24 not digitalized patinents recovering from a myocardial infarction, in 16 patients with arterial hypertension and in 9 patients with regulatory dysfunctions of the circulation before and after a three week period of treatment with 2 x 50 mg or 2 x 100 mg atenolol per day. The heart rate and the blood pressure of every patient were significantly reduced, whereas the heart size which was determined by X-ray in lying patient showed no clear difference. Furthermore, the determination of the heart size facilitates the decision of the additional digitalization when the start of a long-term treatment with beta-blocking agents seems to be necessary in the aforementioned patient groups. PMID- 703678 TI - [Current judgments: Obligatory protection of medical competition while leasing medical offices]. PMID- 703680 TI - [Simultaneous total CK and CK-MB determination using the Centrifichem technic]. PMID- 703679 TI - [Evaluation of the blood-cell differentiation system Diff 3-Perkin Elmer/Coulter]. PMID- 703682 TI - The privilege of silence. PMID- 703681 TI - [Is there a biochemistry of memory]. PMID- 703683 TI - The murderous Dr. Clements. PMID- 703685 TI - Automated eye refraction. PMID- 703684 TI - Use of vasodilator drugs in congestive heart failure. PMID- 703686 TI - Oral erythromycin. PMID- 703687 TI - Fruit punch with acetaminophen and codeine for children. PMID- 703688 TI - Non-aspirin salicylate products for arthritis. PMID- 703689 TI - [Improvement in the method of sanitary helminthological study of the water of open reservoirs and of sewage]. PMID- 703691 TI - [Very simple fly trap]. PMID- 703690 TI - [Effectiveness of mebendazole in experimental opisthorchiasis in golden hamsters (a preliminary report)]. PMID- 703692 TI - [Host immune response to Trichinella parasitization and its alteration under the influence of of mebendazole. i. The development of cellular and humoral immune reactions in mice infested with Trichinella spiralis]. PMID- 703693 TI - [Reaction of the peripheral lymph nodes in primary Opisthorchis felineus infestation in golden hamsters]. PMID- 703694 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 703695 TI - [Mebendazole in the treatment of acute and chronic stages of helminthiases. I. Mebendazole treatment of acute and chronic trichinelliasis caused by Trichinella strains from wild animals]. PMID- 703696 TI - [Trichinelliasis in pregnancy and lactation]. PMID- 703697 TI - [Cavitary and parietal digestion in experimental lambliasis in white mice. Amylolytic activity in the small intestine]. PMID- 703698 TI - [Experience in using our operation qualification method for the medical geographic evaluation of the malaria endemicity of an area]. PMID- 703700 TI - [Unification of the methods of counting the number of blood-sucking dipteric insects]. PMID- 703699 TI - [Ixodid ticks as vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in the western portion of the Baikal-Amur mainline (Zvezdnyi--Severomuisk)]. PMID- 703701 TI - [Change in the cholinesterase properties of the head portion of the housefly (Musca domestica L., 1758) in its development of resistance to DDT and chlorophos]. PMID- 703702 TI - [Biochemical properties of the lysozymes of argasid ticks]. PMID- 703703 TI - [Paraplegia in children and adolescents]. PMID- 703704 TI - [Apert's syndrome. Proposed unitary classification of craniosynostotic syndromes based on pathogenetic criteria]. PMID- 703705 TI - [The feprazone-bromhexine association in pediatric bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 703706 TI - [Use of new mucolytic agent in bronchopulmonary pathology in children]. PMID- 703708 TI - [Notes for a program of monitoring drug effects]. PMID- 703707 TI - [Behavior of the blood sugar in convulsive attacks]. PMID- 703709 TI - [Hemopathies caused by drugs in children: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anemia]. PMID- 703710 TI - [Drug-induced thrombopenia]. PMID- 703711 TI - [Drug-induced hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 703712 TI - [Studies on intercurrent relations between cigarette smoke in the environment and pediatric respiratory pathology. Preliminary results]. PMID- 703713 TI - [Systematic neurological examination of newborn infants for early diagnosis of cerebral damage and prevention of its sequelae]. PMID- 703714 TI - [Characteristics of the skin of the newborn infant]. PMID- 703715 TI - [Congenital aplasia of the skin]. PMID- 703716 TI - [A case of chronic vitamin A intoxication]. PMID- 703717 TI - [Viral hepatitis and aplastic anemia. Description of a case]. PMID- 703719 TI - [Behavior of osmolar clearance during mannitol loading in polyuric syndromes in childhood]. PMID- 703718 TI - [Feeding of low-birth-weight newborn infants with a high-protein preparation. Short term auxological and metabolic study]. PMID- 703720 TI - [Various aspects of the dynamics of puberal development]. PMID- 703721 TI - [Study of platelet adhesiveness and aggregation in normal children]. PMID- 703722 TI - [Role of sinusitis in allergic asthma in children]. PMID- 703723 TI - [The fetal alcohol syndrome. Clinical observations]. PMID- 703724 TI - [The NBT test in pediatric infectious diseases performed with the cytocentrifugation technic]. PMID- 703725 TI - [Chronic constrictive pericarditis with protein-losing enteropathy. Diagnosis and surgical treatment in a 9-year-old girl]. PMID- 703726 TI - [Seckel's dwarfism. Description of a case with endocrine changes]. PMID- 703728 TI - [Results of a generalized program of self-dialysis in the treatment of chronic uremina]. PMID- 703727 TI - [Long-term follow-up of solitary renal cysts after percutaneous puncture]. PMID- 703729 TI - [Kanendomycin in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. Double-blind comparison with gentamicin]. PMID- 703730 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of urinary tract infections in childhood]. PMID- 703731 TI - [Anemia in patients treated with periodic hemodialysis. Therapeutic criteria and long-term results]. PMID- 703732 TI - [Intraoperative phlebography in varicocele in cases of male sterility]. PMID- 703733 TI - The "Gillette" sitting support orthosis for non-ambulatory children with severe cerebral palsy or advanced muscular dystrophy. PMID- 703734 TI - Radiographic evaluation of the scoliotic patient. PMID- 703735 TI - Flexor carpi ulnaris and the brachioradialis as a wrist extension transfer in cerebral palsy. PMID- 703736 TI - Children with short stature. PMID- 703737 TI - Congenital hand deformities and their relationship to the spine. PMID- 703738 TI - In the image of God. PMID- 703739 TI - Operation on four cases of ventricular septal rupture complicating myocardial infarction. PMID- 703740 TI - Left atrial myxoma: surgical experience. PMID- 703741 TI - Self-monitoring pacemaker function with pace-pulse trac. PMID- 703742 TI - Centrifugal blood pumping for open heart surgery. PMID- 703743 TI - Minnesota Medical Association Criteria. Brain death. Concept and criteria. PMID- 703744 TI - Malpractice panel review--is it working? PMID- 703745 TI - Coronary care--1978. PMID- 703746 TI - Maternal medication and minimal brain dysfunction: a possible relationship. PMID- 703747 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of the patient with an acute acquired coagulation problem. PMID- 703748 TI - Herpes zoster in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 703749 TI - The rural family doctor. PMID- 703750 TI - Postoperative torsion of a lobe of the lung. Case report. PMID- 703751 TI - Correction of congenital absence of the vagina. Case report. PMID- 703752 TI - Breast cancer: the center and the satellites. PMID- 703753 TI - Generic substitution becomes law. PMID- 703754 TI - A steroid regimen for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 703755 TI - Carditis during septicaemia. PMID- 703756 TI - PTC using the Chiba needle: its role in the evaluation of hepatic jaundice. PMID- 703758 TI - Diastolic compliance of the left ventricle. II: chamber and muscle stiffness, the volume/mass ratio and clinical implications. PMID- 703757 TI - Non-invasive investigation of the brain: the advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 703759 TI - Synergistic interaction between UV and ionizing radiation in wild-type Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - A synergistic effect of combined UV and gamma-ray exposure was observed for inactivation of wild-type Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A recombinational repair process, known to be important in restitution of damage induced by both radiations, appears to be involved; a radiation-sensitive mutant defective in this repair pathway showed essentially no synergistic interaction between UV and gamma-rays. Recovery from the synergistic effect of pre-exposure in wild-type cells did not display the expected fast gamma-recovery and slow UV-recovery kinetics previously observed for regain of resistance to further exposure to the same radiation. Rather, UV-irradiated cells recovered quickly from synergistic inactivation on subsequent gamma-exposure, while gamma-irradiated cells recovered UV-resistance slowly. Recovery from synergism thus appears to reflect the nature of the second, and not the initial, radiation. PMID- 703760 TI - Control of lambda repressor prophage and establishment transcription by the product of gene tof. AB - Control of expression of the bacteriophage lambda (lambda) repressor was studied by measuring repressor transcription in noninduced and derepressed lambda lysogens. Three distinct modes of leftward transcription were observed from cI and the adjacent genes associated with the control of repressor synthesis: The prophage or maintenance mode Prm-cI-rex-ti repressor transcript occurs from repressed lysogens; the oop (Po-oop-to) transcript, and the lit (lit-ti) RNA, from the distal half of gene rex, both occur from induced tof+ prophage; the repressor establishment mode of transcription is observed throughout the rex-cI tof-y-cII-oop interval between Po and ti from induced tof- prophage. The overall level of establishment mRNA synthesis is partially template dependent. However, the actual initiation step for repressor establishment transcription requires the participation of the lambda cIII, cII products, and also either requires the activity of Escherichia coli replication proteins, or is triggered by a replication initiation event. The cII cIII products do not positively stimulate de novo initiation of establishment transcription, but rather act after an initial replication-dependent step. Initiation of the establishment mode of repressor transcription is totally inhibited by more than 125-fold, in an all or none fashion, by the lambda antirepressor (Tof), the product of gene tof (cro). Since Tof only reduces the in vivo rightward transcription of cII from Pr by about 2-fold, we suggest that Tof inhibits repressor establishment transcription by either uncoupling the replication and cII-cIII dependent events, or by inhibiting the activity rather than the expression of the cIII, cII products. Our results do not fully support either of the present hypotheses that establishment transcription is initiated from the hypothetical Pre promoter in the y-interval, or arises through antitermination of the oop RNA. Since the initiation and control of the establishment mode of repressor transcription parallels the control of lit RNA synthesis, we propose a common mechanism underlies the initiation of these transcripts. PMID- 703761 TI - Chloramphenicol resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): possible involvement of a transposable element. AB - The transfer of a Chl element, causing resistance to chloramphenicol in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), was studied in NF x SCP1- superfertile crosses. When the Chl element is on the donor side (NF) its transfer to the recombinant cells was virtually total as if the element acted as a second concomitant transfer origin. When the Chl element was on the recipient side (SCP1-) it was never displaced by the immigrant chromosome even when the region facing chl+ was selected for. A fraction of the original Chl- mutants presented a requirement for arginine (ArgB-). A Chl- mutant gave rise spontaneously to ArgB- derivatives at high frequency. The same ArgB- requirement come out at high frequency among Chl- derivatives from a cross NFChl- x SCP1-Chl+ in which neither parent required arginine or produced spontaneously arginine-less derivatives. It is suggested that the Chl element is a "transposable element" (Tn) presumably associated with "insertion sequences" (IS). The insertional inactivation of the Chl element may be accompanied or followed by a deletion in the adjacent ArgB gene. PMID- 703762 TI - Biosynthesis of yeast mitochondria. IV. Antibiotic effects on growth, cytochrome synthesis, and respiration in Kluyveromyces lactis. PMID- 703763 TI - Isolation and characterization of plasmid from the Bacillus brevis var. G.-B. cells. AB - The plasmid designated pAD1 was isolated from the cells of four variants of Bacillus brevis var. G.-B. The plasmid DNA has a molecular weight of about 47.1 x 10(6) daltons and contains 43.4 mole % G+C. The bulk of pAD1 DNA (96--98%) is associated with the fraction of chromosome DNA and membranes. Restriction endonucleases Sma I, Sal I and Bam HI cleaved the plasmid DNA into two, two and six fragments, respectively. The cleavage map of the pAD1 genome has been constructed for these three endonucleases. Restriction enzymes Eco RI, Hind III, Kpn I and Pst I hydrolized the plasmid DNA into 16, 21, 10 and 9 fragments, respectively. The presence of repeated sequences in the plasmid genome was shown based on pAD1 DNA cleavage by these endonucleases. PMID- 703764 TI - Separate effect of hydroxyurea on the initiation and elongation of DNA synthesis in BHK cells. AB - BHK21/Cl1 cells, starved for 30 h in serum deficient medium and treated for 15 h with 1 mM hydroxyorea (HO) in order to obtain a synchronous cell population in the G1/S-boundary, incorporate a residual proportion of 3H-thymidine (dThd). This residual incorporation is due to semiconservative synthesis and may not be reduced by increasing the drug concentration without affecting the reversion capacity of the cells proportionally. As shown by autoradiographic analysis, the residual DNA synthesis does not correspond to 3H-dThd incorporation within a small number of resistant cells, but is located in the nuclei of a high proportion of cells with reduced density of silver grains. After treatment with 0.05 mM HU, however, the incorporation of 3H-dThd increases considerably over the control values. The determination of the radioactivity incorporated by microgram DNA corresponding to nuclei in S phase indicates that this concentration of HU is also able to reduce the rate of DNA polymerization. Kinetic data on the appearance of this increased 3H-dThd incorporation and on the accumulation of labelled nuclei in cells growing at random and labelled continuously with the radioactive DNA precursor indicate that HU stimulates the cells to enter the S phase. The reported results are consistent with a mechanism of action of HU which affects initiation and elongation of DNA chains separately. PMID- 703765 TI - [Fractionation of human erythrocytes according to their sedimentation behaviour caused by gravity. I. Methodical Investigations (author's transl)]. AB - The usefulnes of a method to differentiate erythrocytes according to their specific gravity introduced by Danon et al. is demonstrated by using blood samples of healthy children and of others with different haematological diseases. Several conditions affecting the results are investigated. For clinical purposes the simple method is only applicable, if the results are presented as intervals of density. PMID- 703766 TI - [Diagnostic value of particular symptoms in monosomy X. Evaluated on the basis of experiences with 34 own cases (author's transl)]. AB - Ten cases of monosomy X and caryotype 45,X, and 24 cases of the disorder with various forms of mosaicism are reported. The diagnostic significance of particular stigmata is underlined, and the possibility stressed to demonstrate a hidden pterygium colli by declining the patient's head laterally. Moreover, several peculiarities of individual cases are shown: In three girls with mosaicism, spontaneous puberty was observed, however, in two of them, it was followed by precocious menopause at the age of 14 and 18 years, respectively. The necessity of caryotyping in growth-retarded girls with secondary amenorrhoea or with a ren arcuatus or unilateral solitary kidney is emphasized. High values of urinary gonadotropins in girls without signs of puberty or with precocious menopause, indicate the need for substitution. This therapy leads to the appearence of secondary sex phenomena and menstruation, and at the same time prevents osteoporotic changes. PMID- 703767 TI - [Sodium, potassium and magnesium in plasma and erythrocytes during haemodialysis of children (author's transl)]. AB - In 19 children with chronic renal insufficiency sodium, potassium and magnesium in plasma and erythrocytes were measured before and after haemodialysis. Creatinine and the acid-base status were also determined. The mean predialysis values of sodium in plasma were within normal limits, in erythrocytes in the lower normal range. Potassium was elevated in plasma, and in erythrocytes within the normal linits. Magnesium was elevated in both plasma and erythrocytes. The changes during dialysis are described. Statistically significant relations of investigated variables are also described. The results are discussed. PMID- 703768 TI - Aspergillosis in a Brahmini duck (Tadoroma ferruginea, Pallus)--a case report. PMID- 703769 TI - The medical care of mentally retarded persons in public residential facilities. AB - Large public residential facilities have traditionally been society's primary service resource for persons with serious mental retardation. Despite current emphasis on restricting admissions and community placement of retarded persons, approximately 175,000 people continue to reside in 230 institutions throughout the United States. This population is vulnerable to a variety of chronic medical disorders that diminish successful adaptation to a more normal life-style, especially when health services are marginal. Institutional medical staffs have been largely isolated from their physician peers, and their patients have not had access to medical care equivalent to that available in the community. We describe the recent affiliation of a teaching hospital with a Massachusetts institution. We suggest that such affiliations would assure better medical care for mentally retarded persons while increasing physicians' knowledge of attendant medical and societal problems. PMID- 703770 TI - Bacterial hepatitis: a case report on an unrecognized cause of fever of unknown origin. PMID- 703771 TI - The carcinoid flush. Provocation by pentagastrin and inhibition by somatostatin. PMID- 703772 TI - Recurrent hyperparathyroidism from an autotransplanted parathyroid adenoma. PMID- 703773 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 44-1978. PMID- 703774 TI - Bacteria and the liver. PMID- 703775 TI - Conflicts of interest in fee for service and in HMO's. PMID- 703776 TI - Easy rider--hard facts: motorcycle helmet laws. PMID- 703777 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation with elevated platelet count and fibrinogen. PMID- 703778 TI - Immune complexes in mixed cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 703779 TI - Histoplasmosis of the eye. PMID- 703780 TI - Surgical treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 703781 TI - Reye's syndrome: success of supportive care. PMID- 703782 TI - Low carnitine levels in serum of pregnant women. PMID- 703783 TI - Medical references. PMID- 703784 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen as a tissue marker in medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 703785 TI - Alternative analytic methods for case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer. AB - In a case-control study of estrogens and endometrial cancer, alternative sampling methods were used to eliminate the detection bias that arises from the increased diagnostic attention received by women with uterine bleeding after estrogen exposure. In a set of cases and controls chosen by conventional procedures the odds ratio was 11.98. In an alternative set of cases and controls at the same institution, consisting of patients who had all received dilatation and curettage or hysterectomy because of uterine bleeding, the odds ratio was 1.7. A methodologic analysis demonstrates detection bias arising from the pattern of hospital referral and shows the way in which the bias is neglected or increased by conventional sampling procedures, but reduced by the alternative procedure. The magnitude of the association between estrogens and endometrial cancer has been greatly overestimated because of detection bias; when an appropriate compensation for the bias is introduced, the odds ratio approaches a value much closer to 1. PMID- 703786 TI - Red-cell uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in porphyria cutanea tarda and in other forms of porphyria. AB - To test the diagnostic specificity of reduced red-cell uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity for porphyria cutanea tarda, we measured enzymic activity in 29 normal subjects and 65 patients with various forms of porphyria. Only patients with porphyria cutanea tarda had subnormal enzymic activity. Patients with acute intermittent porphyria, erythropoietic protoporphyria, variegate porphyria and hereditary coproporphyria had normal or slightly elevated activities. The enzymic activity in normal persons and patients with porphyria cutanea tarda did not differ according to sex. Reduction of iron stores did not alter the enzymic activity in porphyria cutanea tarda. We conclude that reduced red-cell uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity is a specific and intrinsic defect in porphyria cutanea tarda; measurement of this enzyme is a reliable diagnostic test for this disease. PMID- 703787 TI - Renal parenchymal malakoplakia an unusual cause of renal failure. PMID- 703788 TI - Intrapericardial tetracycline for the management of cardiac tamponade secondary to malignant pericardial effusion. PMID- 703789 TI - Hospital-acquired mucormycosis (Rhizopus rhizopodiformis) of skin and subcutaneous tissue: epidemiology, mycology and treatment. PMID- 703790 TI - Errors in measuring drug concentrations. PMID- 703791 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 45-1978. PMID- 703792 TI - Correcting a bias? PMID- 703793 TI - What does laboratory "quality control" really control? PMID- 703794 TI - Cimetidine treatment of pruritus in polycythemia vera. PMID- 703795 TI - Nitroprusside lowers platelet count. PMID- 703797 TI - Immunotherapy in hypersensitivity to insects. PMID- 703796 TI - Parathormone as a nerve poison in uremia. PMID- 703798 TI - Blood pressure in coffee drinkers. PMID- 703799 TI - Cystic fibrosis in adults. PMID- 703800 TI - Jalaproctitis. PMID- 703801 TI - Do patients want to be told? PMID- 703803 TI - Nurse practitioners and malpractice. PMID- 703802 TI - Is the naval navel artifact really novel? PMID- 703804 TI - Journals as filters or sponges. PMID- 703805 TI - Rise in female-initiated sexual activity at ovulation and its suppression by oral contraceptives. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that women exhibit peaks of sexual activity at ovulation, as would be predicted from estrous effects in animals. Married women who used contraceptive devices other than oral contraceptives experienced a significant increase in their sexual behavior at the time of ovulation. This peak was statistically significant for all female-initiated behavior, including both autosexual and female-initiated heterosexual behavior, but was not present for male-initiated behavior except under certain conditions of contraceptive use. Previous failures to find an ovulatory peak may be due to use of measures of sexual behavior that are primarily determined by initiation of the male partner. Women using oral contraceptives did not show a rise in female initiated sexual activity at the corresponding time in their menstrual cycles, probably owing to the suppression of ovulatory increases in hormone secretion by the oral contraceptives. PMID- 703806 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants (second of two parts). PMID- 703807 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 46-1978. PMID- 703808 TI - Psychoendocrinology of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 703809 TI - Breast self-examination. PMID- 703810 TI - Low hematocrits during basic training: athlete's anemia? PMID- 703811 TI - "Pseudo-pseudothrombophlebitis": ruptured popliteal cyst with deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 703812 TI - Prevention of exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 703813 TI - More on pertussis vaccine. PMID- 703814 TI - More on racquetball risks. PMID- 703815 TI - Performance of "fifth pathway" students. PMID- 703816 TI - Washington Report. Health "reform": Massacre on Capitol Hill. PMID- 703817 TI - On rapeseed meals. Part XXVI. Some remarks on the biological value of rapeseed meal proteins after silage. AB - The influence of propionic bacteria on the biological value of potato-rapeseed meal protein ensilage was investigated. The inoculation of the ensilage with Propionibacterium Petersoni T 112 led to the reduction of the content of goitrogenous compounds (isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones) and to an increase of the nutritive value (NPU, PER) of the rapeseed protein. The increase of the protein value is greater by the application of propionic bacteria than by toasting of rapeseed meal. PMID- 703818 TI - [Relationship between diet and some risk factors]. AB - The authors evaluated data from the dietary histories of 203 individuals from Sofia and Varna who had been asked identical questions. The results of this investigation show that 42% of these these individuals have no marked liking for a certain diet (group 1), 28% prefer a high protein diet (group 2), 23% are partial to a high carbohydrate diet (group 3), and 6% give preference to a high fat diet (group 4). It was found that the individuals in group 1 showed the smallest deviations from the normal values for serum lipids. Coronary symptoms were most marked in the individuals in group 4, followed by those in the groups 3, 2 and 1. It was stated that men prefer a high protein diet to a greater extent than women. Consumers of alcohol and smokers have no liking for a high carbohydrate diet. Individuals prefering fats and a high carbohydrate diet lack a daily dietary rhythm. The latter also showed marked variations in body weight, i.e., periods of weight reduction and periods of weight increase. The most favourable findings with regard to serum lipids, body weight and dietary rhythm were obtained from individuals with obvious preference for a certain diet, i. e., those with a balanced diet. The present investigation is suited as a model for a more comprehensive epidemiological study. PMID- 703819 TI - [Behavior of Ethephon residues on tomatoes. Part I. Green house tomatoes]. AB - The preparation Flordimex, which contains Ethephon (2-chloroethanephosphonic acid) as the active ingredient, is used for accelerating the ripening of tomatoes. During the years 1974--1977, tomato samples from 89 experiments were tested for Ethephon residues. The determination was performed gas chromatographically using alkali flame ionization detector as 2 chloroethanephosphonic acid dimethyl ester; the detection limit of the method was 0.01 mg/kg. The observed results must be evaluated on the basis of the permissible value (1 mg/kg) stipulated for vegetables by the Ministry of Health of the GDR. 1--2 days after the use of concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively, the following mean residue values were found: 0.31, 0.50, 0.39 and 0.91 mg/kg, respectively, which decreased but slowly. This leads to the conclusion that formulation concentrations of more than 0.3% and applications of more than 6 1/ha should not be allowed by the Ministry. In case of repeated uses, 3-week intervals are imperative. Under the above-mentioned conditions of use, the mean residue values determined 4--5 days after application approximated 0.6 mg/kg. This period is to be regarded as a tentative waiting-period that must be respected after the treatment of glasshouse tomatoes with Flordimex. PMID- 703820 TI - [Effect of repeated thawing of body samples and of the storage time of excrements on the changes of N-metabolites]. AB - Frozen samples of blood plasma and corpuscular blood constituents from 10 layers were thawed two times at intervals of 36 days (during which they were stored at 30 degrees C) and analysed for changes of the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble proportion in the total nitrogen. Samples of muscle tissue, liver, and intestine were frozen in liquid nitrogen, stored at -30 degrees C, thawed three times at 36 day intervals and also analysed for TCA-soluble nitrogen. In spite of the low storage temperature, the TCA-soluble proportion in the blood fractions had significantly increased. Proteolysis could hardly be evidenced in muscle protein stored for 108 days and thawed three times. The liver and intestine samples showed significant increases of the TCA-soluble fraction after thawing, repeated freezing in liquid nitrogen and storage at -3o degrees C. In urine samples from colostomized hens, a non-linear increase of the amount of NH3 and a non-linear decrease of the amount of urea were observed after storage for 3, 6 and 12 days at 0 degrees C. The proportion of uric acid-N in the urine N was unaffected by the time of storage. The content of NH3-N in the faeces increased significantly with increasing storage time, whereas that of urea-N decreased. The use of such repeatedly thawed samples for determining N-metabolites is commented upon. PMID- 703821 TI - [Contamination by lead and cadmium during smoke drying of cereals]. AB - Direct drying of cereals with diesel oil as a fuel does not increase the lead and cadmium contents. From the viewpoint of food hygiene and in the interest of the consumer's protection, however, it is recommendable to abandon this kind of drying since previous studies have shown that it involves the risk of contamination by cancerogenic hydrocarbons. PMID- 703822 TI - Popular science. PMID- 703823 TI - Halophilic ribosomes. PMID- 703825 TI - Thermal acclimation in temperate lizards. PMID- 703824 TI - DNA polymerase and mutation. PMID- 703826 TI - Feeding, blood glucose and plasma insulin of mice at dusk. PMID- 703827 TI - Cardioactive substances in the monarch butterfly and Euploea core reared on leaf free artificial diet. PMID- 703828 TI - The relationship between tonicity and flagellar length. PMID- 703829 TI - Degenerating nerve products affect innervated muscle fibres. PMID- 703830 TI - An inducible gene involved in commitment of lymphocytes to transform. PMID- 703831 TI - Are dopamine receptors accessible to intracellularly applied agonist? PMID- 703832 TI - Ionophoretic model for Na-Ca counter transport. PMID- 703833 TI - Absence of measles proviral DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 703834 TI - Hydrophobic character of amino acid residues in globular proteins. PMID- 703836 TI - A suppressor mutation in the nematode acting on specific alleles of many genes. AB - A suppressor mutation has been isolated in Caenorhabditis elegans through reversion analysis of a muscle-defective mutant. The suppressor mutation acts on specific alleles of at least six genes and in one case we have been able to show that it partially restores functional gene product to a mutant otherwise lacking that product. These and other features of the suppressor suggest that it acts at some step in information transfer, perhaps through mechanisms similar to those described previously in microorganisms. PMID- 703835 TI - The biochemistry of complement. AB - Current biochemical studies of the complement system are illustrated by description of the activation of complement by the classical pathway after interaction with antibody aggregates. This is described in terms of the structures of the components involved, their assembly and the mechanism of activation. PMID- 703837 TI - Natural source of tetraalkyllead in air. PMID- 703838 TI - Bats avoid moving objects more successfully than stationary ones. PMID- 703839 TI - Pygmy chimpanzee as a possible prototype for the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas. PMID- 703840 TI - Axons from eyes grafted in Xenopus can grow into the spinal cord and reach the optic tectum. PMID- 703841 TI - Microscopic epididymides in testicular feminisation. PMID- 703842 TI - Sensitivity of corticosteroid-dependent insulin-resistant lipogenesis in marrow preadipocytes of obese-diabetic (db/db) mice. PMID- 703843 TI - Does Ca2+ cause fusion or lysis of unilamellar lipid vesicles? PMID- 703844 TI - Continuous production of monoclonal mouse IgE antibodies with known allergenic specificity by a hybrid cell line. PMID- 703846 TI - Saccadic eye movements and visual stability. PMID- 703845 TI - 9,11-epoxyiminoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid is a thromboxane A2 antagonist in human platelets. PMID- 703847 TI - Vanadate-stimulated natriuresis. PMID- 703848 TI - [Transport catalysis in biomembranes elucidated by the interactions of ADP, ATP carriers in mitochondria]. AB - A basic issue of biomembranes is their ability to facilitate specific transport of selected molecules. This transport is catalyzed by carriers which are membrane proteins and form, analogous to enzymes, carrier-substrate complexes. The ADP, ATP carrier of mitochondria is highly suitable for elucidating the mechanism of this catalysis due to its unique qualities such as great abundance in higher cells, easy isolation in native state by detergents, existence of inhibitors specific for either the in- or outward looking binding site and direct observation of a carrier-substrate complex. As central catalytic steps, the reorientation of the substrate-binding site at the carrier during translocation across the membrane could be demonstrated at the intact membrane and the isolated protein. The results are interpreted by the gated-pore mechanism where two subunits form a gate with a central binding site which radically change conformation and specificity on transition from one to the other side of the membrane. PMID- 703849 TI - Cercaricidal activity of some essential oils of plants from Brazil. AB - Extended screening tests on the cercaricidal activity of various plants from northeast Brazil have shown that the extracts of the leaves and fruits of Piper marginatum, Protium heptaphyllum, and Capsicum annuum show a remarkable effect on the cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni. In the case of the oils of Piper marginatum and Capsicum annuum, 90--96% of the cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni were killed within 15 min. According to the NMR spectra, the active principles of the extracts seem to be water-soluble unsaturated compounds from the oils or their hydrolysis products. Natural substances provide an attractive alternative for preventive actions against schistosomiasis, as the perturbation of the ecological equilibrium of natural waters can be avoided in this manner. PMID- 703850 TI - [Molecular biology of seniors]. PMID- 703851 TI - Citric acid: potential precursor of chloroform in water chlorination. PMID- 703852 TI - Effect of castration on photoperiodically induced weight gain in the Djungarian hamster. PMID- 703853 TI - Effect of cannabinoids on the turnover rate of acetylcholine in rat hippocampus, striatum and cortex. AB - The effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC), the major psychoactive compound of marijuana, and cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component, on the acetylcholine (ACh) concentration and the turnover rate of ACh (TRACh) have been studied in various regions of the rat brain. Neither delta9-THC doses from 0.2 to 10 mg/kg nor CBD (10 OR 20 MG/KG) alter the ACh concentration in the brain areas examined 30 min, after the intravenous injection. However, delta9-THC (doses from 0.2 to 10 mg/kg) causes a marked dose-related decrease in the TRACh in hippocampus whereas CBD is without effect in this brain region even when 20 mg/kg is given. Furthermore, high doses of delta9-THC (5 mg/kg) and CBD (20 mg/kg) that produce a significant decrease in the TRACh of striatum fail to change the TRACh in parietal cortex. The low doses of delta9-THC required to reduce hippocampal TRACh suggest that an action on these cholinergic mechanisms may play a role in the psychotomimetic activity of delta9-THC. PMID- 703856 TI - The determination of the rate constant for the efflux of an amine from efflux curves for amine and metabolite. PMID- 703854 TI - Inhibition of the in vivo biosynthesis and changes of catecholamine levels in rat brain after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine; time- and dose-response relationships. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.407 mmoles/kg of D,L-alpha-methyl-p tyrosine methylester HCl (H44/68; alpha-MT) at eleven time-points between 0--24 h, or 8 doses between 0.013--1.628 mmoles/kg of the drug at 1 h before i.v. injection of 160 micronCi tyrosine-2,6-3H. The rats were killed 15 min after tyrosine-3H and brain alpha-MT, tyrosine and catecholamines (endogenous and labelled), and plasma alpha-MT and tyrosine (--3H) were chromatographically isolated before being assayed spectrophotofluorimetrically (endogenous) or by liquid scintillation methods (labelled compounds). A delayed penetration of alpha MT from plasma into brain, different elimination rates of alpha-MT in plasma and brain, and decreasing brain/plasma drug concentration on increasing alpha-MT dosages, indicated, that alpha-MT in brain and plasma belong to different pharmacokinetic compartments. The endogenous levels of catecholamines in the time response experiments, declined to a minimum 4 h after alpha-MT administration, where the dopamine level was 38% and the noradrenaline level 51% of the saline controls. Kinetic data of the catecholamine elimination is given. In the dose response experiment the decrease in the endogenous catecholamine levels was dose related up to 0.407 mmoles/kg of alpha-MT, with no further decline on higher doses. The maximal inhibition of brain catecholamine synthesis occurred within 30 min after alpha-MT administration and the inhibition correlated better with the brain than with plasma alpha-MT content. The inhibition was dose-related with a maximal synthesis inhibition of 95% for dopamine and 80% for noradrenaline at the highest dose of alpha-MT. The duration of synthesis inhibition and storage depletion were shorter for noradrenaline (12 h) than for dopamine (16 h). Further, the ED50 for synthesis inhibition of dopamine (0.057 mmoles/kg) was half of the ED50 for synthesis inhibition of noradrenaline (0.117 mmoles/kg). This might suggest different sensitivities towards alpha-MT or different availabilities of alpha-MT in the two neuron populations. At the three highest doses of alpha-MT there were signs of interference with the uptake process for tyrosine from plasma into the brain. This was indicated by increased plasma levels and decreased brain levels of tyrosine (--3H). PMID- 703855 TI - The relationship between amphetamine antagonism and depletion of brain catecholamines by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine in rats. AB - The time-course and the dose-response relationship for the antagonistic effect of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl H 44/68 (alpha-MT) on d-amphetamine (10.6 mumoles/kg) induced increase in motor activity was studied. The effect of amphetamine was gradually reduced from 30--60 min to a minimum at 1--4 h after the administration of 0.407 mmoles/kg of alpha-MT. From (4--) 8 h the amphetamine response started to reappear and the original response was restored completely at 16 h after alpha-MT. The dose-response curve showed, that between 0.051--0.41 mmoles/kg of alpha-MT, given 1 h before amphetamine, there was a gradual reduction of the amphetamine response; doses above 0.41 mmoles/kg did not cause any further effect. The antiamphetamine action of alpha-MT was compared with its time- and dose-dependent effects of inhibition of synthesis and reduction of stores of brain catecholamines. It was found, that the antiamphetamine action was more closely correlated with the reduction of the levels of brain dopamine, than with the brain noradrenaline levels. Further, the inhibition of catecholamine synthesis per se did not appear to be a sufficient condition for alpha-MT induced antagonism of amphetamine. These findings support the view that amphetamine is dependent on a substantial portion of the brain pool of dopamine and possibly noradrenaline rather than on very small, newly synthesized pools of these neurotransmitters. PMID- 703858 TI - The effect of taurine on motor behaviour, body temperature and monoamine metabolism in rat brain. PMID- 703859 TI - [Evaluation and treatment of acute injuries to the knee ligaments]. PMID- 703857 TI - Dependence of intestinal absorption in vivo on the unstirred layer. AB - The appearance rate of butanol, antipyrine, salicylic acid, and urea in the venous blood of rat jejunal loops perfused in vivo is increased up to 64%, if the intraluminal solution is mixed more efficiently by the simultaneous perfusion of air. The enhancement of the absorption can be attributed partly to the enlarged absorbing area but mainly to the reduction of the effective unstirred layer thickness by about 500 micrometers. The unstirred layer reduces the phenylalanine absorption at 0.1 mmol l(-1) but not at 100 mmol l(-1), since at high concentrations a full saturation of the transport system can be achieved in spite of the unstirred layer resistance. The interference of the unstirred layer increases with increasing absorbability of the substances. PMID- 703861 TI - [Recent injury of the knee ligaments. Biomechanics and functional anatomy in relation to injuries of the knee ligaments]. PMID- 703860 TI - [Ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb]. PMID- 703862 TI - [The treatment of injuries of the lateral ankle ligaments]. PMID- 703864 TI - [Physician and law: interplay of agreements, differences and uncertainties]. PMID- 703863 TI - [Ligament injuries]. PMID- 703865 TI - [Variations in stillbirth between the months of the year]. PMID- 703866 TI - [Euthanasia]. PMID- 703867 TI - [Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease of rectum and colon]. PMID- 703868 TI - [Surgical treatment of adenocarcinomas originating from the duodeno-pancreatic region]. PMID- 703869 TI - [Treatment of decubitus]. PMID- 703870 TI - [Veterinary public health]. PMID- 703871 TI - [A patient with acute loss of liver function]. PMID- 703872 TI - [Electroshock treatment]. PMID- 703873 TI - [Foreign bodies in the circulatory system]. PMID- 703874 TI - [A prospective study of the significance of complications during the convalescence phase of acute heart infarct]. PMID- 703875 TI - [Rupture of the trachea, an exceptional birth injury]. PMID- 703876 TI - [Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia caused by intravenously administered fentanyl]. PMID- 703878 TI - [Sequelae of ischemia in proximal fractures of the lower leg]. PMID- 703877 TI - [A comparative study of the effect of a rehabilitation program in patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 703879 TI - [Medico-psychological directed group guidance of a clinical treatment team]. PMID- 703880 TI - [Evaluation of an educational program for heart patients]. PMID- 703881 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities in Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 703882 TI - [Various aspects of iron metabolism]. PMID- 703884 TI - [Vaccination and the Guillan-Barre syndrome]. PMID- 703883 TI - [Sleep clinics in the United States of America]. PMID- 703885 TI - [Experience with home dialysis]. PMID- 703886 TI - [Tissue transposition in maxillary defects]. PMID- 703887 TI - [Various aspects of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 703888 TI - The patient. PMID- 703889 TI - A follow-up study of Nebraska Medical School graduates during their first year of residency. PMID- 703890 TI - Cranial computerized tomography and chronic multiple sclerosis. PMID- 703891 TI - Damaging effects of sunlight on human skin. PMID- 703892 TI - President's page. PMID- 703893 TI - Manic depressive psychosis: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 703894 TI - Diagnosing torsion of the testicle in the Nuclear Medicine department. PMID- 703895 TI - Reducing the stress of practice. PMID- 703896 TI - The second opinion at its best. PMID- 703897 TI - Lead intoxication in a child with chronic constipation. PMID- 703898 TI - [Dynamics of rabbit visual cortex neuron reaction to presentation of repetitive photic stimuli]. AB - Responses of visual cortex neurons to repeated light flashes with frequency of 1 stimulus per 2.5 were investigated in rabbits. Two forms of response dynamics (according to the total number of spikes in the response) were found: "fast" and "slow". 5--15 stimuli were required for the stabilization of the responses of the first form and 50--100 stimuli for that of the second form. About 50% of all the neurons showed stable responses. Partial habituation of responses was revealed in 55--59% of the neurons, sensitizations of discharge in 25% and hump-shared type of the response in 17--20% of neurons. "Slow" dynamic modifications of the responses in most neurons were associated with modifications in the duration of the inhibitory phases in the responses. PMID- 703899 TI - [Reactions of neurons in the reticular and ventral anterior thalamic nuclei to stimulation of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus and motor cortex]. AB - Responses of 137 neurons located in oral parts of reticular (R) and ventral anterior (VA) thalamic nuclei to electrical stimulation of the ventrolateral nucleus (VL) and motor cortex (MI) were studied in 17 cats immobilized with d tubocurarine. 10.5% of the investigated neurons responded to VL stimulation by antidromic spike (latency 0.7--3.0 ms). 11.0% of the neurons responded antidromically to MI stimulation (latency 0.4--4.0 ms). Neurons with axon sending one branch to VL and the other to MI were found. 78.9% of the neurons responded to VL stimulation with orthodromic excitation (after stimulation of MI this type of response was found only in 52.5% of neurons). 55.6% of R and VA neurons responded to VL stimulation by discharges composed of 3--20 spikes with frequency of 130--530/per second. After MI stimulation discharges of the same type were observed only in 30.5% of the investigated neurons. Inhibition was found in 6.8% of the studied neurons. 55.7% of R and VA neurons demonstrated the convergence of the effects from VL and MI. Corticofugal influences from MI on responses of R and VA neurons to the VL testing stimuli could be inhibitory as well as excitatory. PMID- 703900 TI - [Reactions of neurons in the associative thalamic nuclei to peripheral stimulation of different modality]. AB - Reactions of 252 neurons of the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) and 329 cells of the pulvinar-posterior-lateral complex (Pulv-LP) of the thalamus to separate the complex peripheral stimulations (visual, auditory and somatosensory) were studied in acute experiments on cats anaesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. According to the character of the neuronal responses to peripheral stimuli three types of reactions were found: acceleration of the background activity (32.0% neurons in Pulv-LP and 20.6% in MD), inhibition (21.0% neurons in Pulv-LP and 24.2% in MD) and mixed (8.8% neurons in Pulv-LP and 4.0% in MD). No responses were observed in 37.4% neurons of Pulv-LP and in 51.2% of MD. Along with certain similarity, some specific features in the organization of Pulv-LP and MD were found. According to the response latency, the neuronal reactions to stimulation were divided into three groups: with short (less than 20 ms), medium (21--40 ms) and long (over 41 ms) latent period. The second group was the most numerous. PMID- 703901 TI - [Analysis of the spike activity of pairs of caudate nucleus neurons in cats]. AB - Spike activity of pairs of neurons was recorded simultaneously with a single microelectrode in the caudate nucleus of lightly anaesthetized immobilized cats. A high time correlation was observed in discharges of two neurons when their background activity showed group discharges. In case of unitary background activity, correlation between spike trains was observed only in 50% of the cells; it could be both of excitatory and inhibitory type. Many neuronal pairs exhibited negative short latency correlation in the 0--4 ms range. Electrical stimulation of different afferent inputs of the caudate nucleus caused minimal correlation between neuronal discharges and, on the contrary, abolished correlation between spontaneous discharges of the same pair of neurons. The presented results are discussed from the point of view of the caudate nucleus as an associative cerebral nucleus. PMID- 703902 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the preoptic region of the hypothalamus on the activity of individual optic tract fibers in rabbits]. AB - Statistical background characteristics and impulse activity of some fibres of the optical tract evoked by light flashes were compared before and after stimulation of the preoptic hypothalamic region in listenin-immobilized rabbits. It was shown that the influence of the high frequency preoptical hypothalamus stimulation correlates with the pattern of responses to light flashes observed when recording from the optical tract fibres. In most cases the preoptical hypothalamus stimulation caused an increase of the background activity and facilitation of responses to light flashes. Phasic response to a light flash with short latency (42 ms), consisting of a long train of pulses and tonic responses with long latency (155 ms) were facilitated to a greater extent. The facilitation of short latent (35 ms) phasic responses to a light flash consisting of a short train of phases after the preoptical hypothalamus stimulation was not clearly pronounced or was inhibited. PMID- 703903 TI - [Evoked responses of the lateral geniculate body to photic stimulation in intact and visually deprived rabbits]. AB - Flash-evoked responses were recorded from the contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus and from the primary visual cortex in 2--3-month-old dark-reared rabbits. Experiments were performed under nembutal anaesthesia in dark-adapted animals. It was found that, in contrast to a significant decrease in the cortical primary response amplitude of visually deprived rabbits, there were no apparent differences either in amplitude or latency and duration of the geniculate nucleus response between dark-reared and control animals. These results suggest that the abnormalities evoked in visually deprived rabbits were localized mainly at the cortical level. Hypothetical mechanisms of functional abnormalities in dark reared rabbits are discussed. PMID- 703904 TI - [Effect of local iontophoretic application of acetylcholine and serotonin on rabbit superior cervical ganglion neurons]. AB - The effect of iontophoretically applied acetylcholine and serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine) on the neurons of the rabbit isolated superior cervical ganglion was studied by means of intracellular recording. It is found that the ganglion cell soma has only nicotinic receptors and no muscarinic receptors; nicotinic receptors are dispersed nonuniformly on the surface of the soma membrane. Spontaneous EPSPs were observed due to ACh application, which indicates excitation of presynaptic terminals. In about a half of ganglion neurons the soma possessed serotonin receptors. PMID- 703905 TI - [Pyramidal fiber distribution in the spinal cord of cats]. PMID- 703906 TI - [E.E.G. changes associated with lithium poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 703907 TI - [Early brain damage in alcoholics: a control study of skull X-rays (author's transl)]. PMID- 703908 TI - Dynamic procedures in nuclear medicine. Instrumentation. PMID- 703909 TI - Dynamic studies in nuclear cardiology. PMID- 703910 TI - Hepatobiliary scanning. PMID- 703911 TI - Dynamic isotope studies in liver disease. PMID- 703912 TI - Renography: application of radioisotopes in dynamic studies of the kidney and the urinary tract. PMID- 703913 TI - Heredity and the aetiology of diabetes. PMID- 703914 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis. A clinicopathological study in twelve patients. PMID- 703915 TI - Iliac bone marrow trephine biopsy: some remarks on the technique. PMID- 703916 TI - [Extracranial internal carotid aneurysms in closed brain injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Six cases of traumatic aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery are presented. It has been an unexcepted finding in all patients without actual clinical importance. Angiography has been repeated in two cases. Possible sequale of these lesions are discussed. PMID- 703917 TI - [Increased intracranial pressure. Methods of measurement, pathophysiology and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - After describing the various methods for measuring the intracranial pressure, the causes of the rise of pressure within the skull and the possibilities for compensation are discussed. The elasticity of the brain tissue, which can be determined by pressure/volume stress, plays a crucial role in compensating for pressure. A reciprocal influence exists between intracranial pressure, cerebral circulation and brain oedema, as well as between intracerebral pressure and peripheral circulation. The treament of raised intracranial pressure is possibly by CSF drainage, hyperventilation and hypothermia, as well as by drugs such as steroids and diuretics. PMID- 703918 TI - The effects on intracranial pressure of stopping controlled ventilation in patients with head injuries. AB - The effects on intracranial pressure (ICP) of stopping artificial ventilation, were studied in 34 of 75 patients with severe head injuries in whom early long term respirator treatment was undertaken. The changes in ICP after switching off the ventilator appeared to be correlated with paCO2 and paO2 levels, brain elasticity and vascular reactivity. PMID- 703919 TI - [Two neurinomas of the cauda in a patient with a suspected disk lesion (author's transl)]. AB - Multiple neurinomas in the cauda equina were found in a 56-year-old patient, who had been suffered from left-sided sciatica for about one and half years. The origins were suspected in right L3 nerve root and left L4 nerve root. Multiple tumours in the cauda equina are not common; therefore, the authors discuss in this paper how rare the case is and about the difficulties of the differential diagnosis between herniated disk and tumour in the cauda equina. PMID- 703920 TI - CAT-follow up of communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - Consecutive CAT-Scans demonstrate the consequences of increased ventricular pressure after SAH and indicate when a shunt procedure may be necessary. PMID- 703921 TI - [Carotid fibromuscular dysplasia]. AB - An uncommon case, probably the first in Mexico, of fibromuscular dysplasia involving the internal, extra and intracranial carotid artery, histologically demonstrated in an 18-year old young man is presented. The few bibliographical references on the subject are reviewed and emphasis is placed on the importance of angiographic studies for the establishment of the aethiology of the disease in all cases of occlusive cerebrovascular accident. PMID- 703922 TI - [Perception of your body. A psychoanalytical approach]. AB - This paper discusses body-perception from a psychoanalytic point of view. Ia attempts a "totalizing" view of human behavior which integrates the whole of perception-thought-action-perception as a single process of organism-environment interaction. The underlying episthemological framework implies the rejection of lineal causal deterministic explanations in favor of a dynamic conception, in terms of feed-back mechanisms. Thus it discards the various false oppositions between "body-perception" and "object-perception"; and between cognition, affectivity and connation. The former is resolved through the recognition of the fact that perception is always a comparative process, which results from the organism-environment interaction. The comparative element for body-perception is the dynamic unconsious body scheme. The latter opposition is resolved through the application of the basic psychoanalytic model, which integrates the primary models for cognition, affectivity and connation. PMID- 703923 TI - [Development of the sexual identity]. PMID- 703924 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in human gliomas. AB - The presence of GFA protein, an astrocyte specific antigen, was investigated in surgical biopsies of ninety-five gliomas using an immunoperoxidase detection method. In some cases electron microscopy was added and also in one tumour immunoelectron microscopy. The results were correlated with the histological classification and grading of the tumours. In astrocytomas, the number of GFA positive cells decreased with increasing malignancy. Some malignant oligodendrogliomas surprisingly showed GFA in oligodendroglial and gemistocytic tumour cells. Thus, transition from oligodendroglial into astrocytic tumour cells seems to occur. In the mixed astrocytoma/oligodendrogliomas, theoli godendroglioma areas were negative. Subependymomas were strongly GFA positive, whereas ependymomas and medulloblastomas were negative. The presence or absence of GFA seems to contribute a 'hard' criterion for classifying gliomas and may be helpful in grading them according to the degree of malignancy. PMID- 703925 TI - Kinetics of cell proliferation in the postnatal rat dentate gyrus. AB - Cell cycle parameters in the dentate gyrus of the postnatal rat hippocampus were measured, using the method of percentage labelled mitoses. In animals aged 1, 6 and 12 days, cell cycle times range from 15.1 to 17.7 h, S phase duration from 10.1 to 11.7 h, length of the G2 phase from 2.5 to 3.3 h and G1 from 1.1 to 2.4 h. These figures are similar to those obtained for other precursor cell populations in the brain. On the day after birth the labelling index in the dentate hilus is 4.5% and estimated turnover time 220 h, while on day 6 the labelling index is 3.7% and estimated turnover time 310 h. It is calculated that precursor cells outnumber granule cells by at least 3:1 at birth and 2:1 by day 6. PMID- 703926 TI - Cellular reactions to subependymal plate haemorrhage in the human neonate. AB - The most important cause of death in human premature babies at the present time is intraventricular haemorrhage consequent to haemorrhage in the subependymal plate. Lesser degrees of plate haemorrhage can also have serious effects. It was possible to observe the reaction to such haemorrhages in twenty-seven cases whose range of gestational age extended from 23 to 36 weeks and survival from 4 to 59 days. The haemorrhage occurs in the first week of life, usually in the first few days. The earliest reaction at 4 days was the presence of mononuclear phagocytes around the haemorrhage, these evolved to iron pigment macrophages which were present in eighteen of the twenty-two cases in which some reaction was detected. Subependymal astrocytic proliferation was seen at 11 days, related to ependymal disruption, but an astrocytic reaction around the haemorrhage and related to it was not seen until 14 days. Within the subependymal plate this reaction was scanty in fibril production and the cells were thought to be derived from differentiating astrocytes in the plate. In one case a more marked reaction was detected to hypoxic damage in the adjacent thalamus. The source of the phagocytes in these sites and the reasons for the rather slow astrocytic reaction are discussed. PMID- 703927 TI - Changes in brain cholinesterases in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. AB - Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase activities have been measured biochemically in normal brain tissue, in senile dementia of Alzheimer type and in mental disorders without Alzheimer-type abnormalities. Acetylcholinesterase was significantly reduced and butyrylcholinesterase significantly increased, compared with the normal, in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of the Alzheimer cases. No significant enzyme changes were seen in the other diseases investigated including multi-infarct dementia, schizophrenia and depression. There was no correlation between age and acetylcholinesterase activity, but a significant positive correlation between the butyrylcholinesterase activities with increasing age (60 90 years) was found in the hippocampus. The possible connection between cholinergic system pathology and these cholinesterase abnormalities in Alzheimer dementia is discussed. PMID- 703928 TI - General disease in 120 necropsy-proven cases of multiple sclerosis. AB - The general pathology in 120 necropsy-proven cases of multiple sclerosis has been compared with that of matched neurological and general controls. There was no significant difference in the incidence of coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction, cerebral haemorrhage, thyroid atrophy and splenic haemosiderosis. There was also no significant difference in malignancy in the three groups. The implications of these findings with particular reference to immunopathology are discussed. 74% of patients with multiple sclerosis died from complications of the disease; 26% died from apparently unrelated diseases. PMID- 703929 TI - Lysosomal storage in Swainsona spp. toxicosis: an induced mannosidosis. AB - Ingestion of Swainsona spp. by grazing livestock results in a chronic disease characterized by neurological disturbances and intense vacuolation of cells in most organs. Experiments were carried out using Swainsona canescens and evidence is presented to show that tissues from affected animals contain high levels of mannose-rich oligosaccharides and that the plant contains an inhibitor of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase. It is concluded that ingestion of Swainsona induces a lysosomal storage disease, biochemically and morphologically similar to genetically determined mannosidosis. The role of this process in relation to Swainsona toxicosis is discussed. PMID- 703930 TI - Hemiparkinsonism with infarction of the ipsilateral substantia nigra. AB - An elderly man suffering from dementia associated with hypertension developed right-sided parkinsonism marked by rigidity and flexion. At autopsy the brain showed generalized vascular changes chiefly in the white matter, diffuse plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the temporal cortex, and a discrete gliotic scar in the right substantia nigra. Hemiparkinsonism with a strictly unilateral lesion confined to the substantia nigra has, to our knowledge, not been described before, and the fact that it was ipsilateral adds to its theoretical interest. PMID- 703931 TI - Microsurgical evaluation of the pterional approach to aneurysms of the distal basilar circulation. AB - The microsurgical correlates the pterional approach to the distal basilar circulation were evaluated in 20 cases of posterior circulation aneurysms, 50 human cadaver dissections, and a variety of other intracranial surgical lesions. The pterional approach permitted successful clipping of the aneurysm in 13 of 15 basilar bifurcation aneurysms, 1 of 2 basilar-posterior cerebral aneurysms, and 2 of 3 basilar-superior cerebellar aneurysms. In each of the failed attempts via the pterional approach, the subtemporal route ultimately resulted in proper clip application. The interposition of the posterior clinoid process was the impediment to successful clipping in three of the four cases that could not be managed via the pterional approach. All 3 of these patients had a basilar bifurcation that was below the level of the posterior clinoid on angiography, whereas none of the remaining 17 aneurysm patients demonstrated a low-lying bifurcation. Posterior displacement of the basilar artery away from the posterior clinoid exceeded 1 cm in only 13% of our cases and was not an impediment to successful clipping of the aneurysm via the pterional route. We conclude that, when the anatomical situation is appropriate, the pterional approach offers the advantages of less brain retraction and better visualization of the parent arteries and important perforating branches when compared to the subtemporal approach. PMID- 703932 TI - Shunt-associated glomerulonephritis. AB - Six patients with glomerulonephritis in association with a ventriculovascular shunt were treated with three basic modes of therapy. Direct intraventricular instillation of antibiotic was used on seven occasions in five patients either as the definitive mode of therapy or as an adjunct to shunt removal. Ventricular fluid antibiotic concentrations were monitored in two patients and demonstrate that effective levels as compared to the specific minimal inhibitory concentration can only be achieved by this method. With resolution of the shunt infection, improvement in the clinical and laboratory parameters of renal function was noted. A recommended treatment protocol is outlined, including specific dosages for intraventricular antibiotics. The need for detailed and frequent post-treatment examination including serum immunoglobulin profile is stressed. PMID- 703933 TI - Value of computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 703934 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis: occurrence in the immigrant population. AB - Six cases of cerebral cysticercosis have been diagnosed at the Neurological Institute of New York during the past 18 years. Three recent cases are discussed, with emphasis on the variability of signs and symptoms and the best available diagnostic techniques. One must have a high index of suspicion when evaluating patients who have immigrated to the United States from endemic areas, although the disease may be acquired through food contaminated by carriers in nonendemic areas. Conventional radiography (e.g., plain films and pneumography) and, more recently, computerized tomography are the most effective tests to confirm this diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum eosinophilia and indirect hemagglutination titers are nonspecific but occasionally helpful. Therapy is currently confined to surgical excision of lesions where possible and symptomatic treatment otherwise. PMID- 703935 TI - Servo-controlled lumbar infusions: a clinical tool for the determination of CSF dynamics as a function of pressure. AB - The variable rate lumbar subarachnoid infusion technique allows rapid quantitative study of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment. Numerous pressure plateaus are studied in a brief time period with a servo-controlled system. The test determines the difference between rates of CSF absorption and formation as a function of pressure. On-line computer data analysis increases experimental efficiency to guarantee statistical significance. Animal and patient data are presented in the report. PMID- 703936 TI - Concussion: comparison of humans and rats. AB - Concussion is the most primitive and probably the most simple central nervous system response to an outside agent. Although millions of neurons undergo a very rapid reversal with loss and restoration of function, many physicians argue that every knockout blow leaves some residual damage, i.e., some or all of these neurons stop short of recovery. Clinical experience shows a wide discrepancy in the appearance or persistence of certain signs and symptoms after all types of head injury, but particularly after concussing blows, when third party or grievance cases are involved. Using slow motion filmstrips of boxing ring knockouts, we established a grading system for concussion and duplicated these grades in nonanesthetized rats. When we compared the performance, learning, and memory of concussed rats with their preconcussion performance and with the performance of nonconcussed controls, we were unable to find any differences. PMID- 703937 TI - Trauma and brain tumors: an experimental study. PMID- 703938 TI - Transoral exposure of the atlantoaxial region. AB - A broad spectrum of disease entities affects the atlantoaxial-clival region. This area is readily accessible through a transoral approach, which offers capabilities for canal decompression and fusion. A case is reported that required transoral odontoidectomy with concurrent excision of an osteophyte from the base of an ununited odontoid fracture. Operative preparation, technique, and postoperative management are described in detail. The advantage and applications of the procedure are discussed. PMID- 703939 TI - Saccular aneurysm associated with absence of the left cervical carotid arteries. AB - The authors report successful surgical treatment of a patient with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with absence of all of the left cervical carotid arteries. A review of the previous reports of 15 cases of intracranial aneurysm in association with absence of the internal carotid artery emphasizes the rarity of this lesion. Aneurysms with such an association have a distinct distribution different from that observed in the usual population. The data suggest that intracranial aneurysm develops more frequently in the absence of the internal carotid artery as a result of altered hemodynamics. PMID- 703940 TI - Posterior fossa subdural hematoma in a hemophiliac. AB - A successfully managed case of posterior fossa subdural hematoma occurring in a hemophiliac is reported, and the rarity of this lesion is mentioned. The management of the hemophiliac who is a victim of craniocerebral trauma is discussed, with emphasis on the use of computerized tomographic scanning to obtain rapid diagnosis. The importance of prophylactic Factor VIII replacement is emphasized, and appropriate methods of Factor VIII administration are outlined. PMID- 703941 TI - Sarcoidosis of the cervical spinal canal: case report. AB - A patient with sarcoidosis presenting as an intradural extramedullary space occupying lesion in the cervical spinal canal is described. PMID- 703942 TI - Can laterality be measured? PMID- 703943 TI - Functional asymmetry of visual fields for Japanese words in kana (syllable-based) writing and random shape-recognition in Japanese subjects. PMID- 703944 TI - Naso-temporal differences in human reaction time in the peripheral visual field. PMID- 703945 TI - Left ear performance in dichotic listening following commissurotomy. PMID- 703946 TI - Anterograde and retrograde memory impairment in chronic amnesia. PMID- 703947 TI - Olfactory and gustatory capacities of alcoholic Korsakoff patients. PMID- 703948 TI - Anterograde amnesia following ECT: an analysis of the beneficial effects of partial information. PMID- 703949 TI - Dichotic auditory fusion levels in children with learning disabilities. PMID- 703950 TI - Cross-modal performance: the absence of transfer in non-human primates capable of recognition. PMID- 703951 TI - Differences between functions of the two hemispheres. Comments on the note by Luria and Simernitskaya. PMID- 703952 TI - Hemispheric differences in music perception: aptitude vs experience. PMID- 703953 TI - [Ultrastructure of brain capillaries in experimental hepatogenic encephalopathy]. PMID- 703954 TI - [Ultrastructural evaluation of rat brain cortical neurons in the course of joint ethanol and pyrazole administration]. PMID- 703955 TI - [Adrenergic fibers in rat and Mongolian gerbil in hypoxic hypoxia, ischemia and denervation]. PMID- 703956 TI - [Morphology of parenchymal cerebral blood vessels in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 703957 TI - [Panencephalitis with an acute course]. PMID- 703958 TI - A case of panencephalitis with extensive degenerative changes. PMID- 703959 TI - [Cerebral form of lupus erythematosus disseminatus (case report)]. PMID- 703960 TI - [Pseudocoarctation of the aorta. Review of the literature and description of a case]. PMID- 703961 TI - [Antithrombotic treatment in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 703962 TI - [Clinical study of the action of a preparation of K-strophanthin for intramuscular use]. PMID- 703963 TI - [Transvenous xero-arteriography of the extremities]. PMID- 703964 TI - [Use of clonidine hydrochloride in the control of early postoperative hypertension in patients operated on for aortic coarctation in childhood. Considerations on 2 treated cases]. PMID- 703965 TI - [A case of isolated rupture of the azygos vein]. PMID- 703966 TI - [Behcet's disease: an unusual cause of false iliac aneurysm]. PMID- 703967 TI - [Classification and stages of carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Considerations and proposals]. PMID- 703968 TI - [Prostaglandin F2 alpha in pharmacological induction of labor in cases with low pelvic index]. PMID- 703969 TI - [The role of prostaglandin F2 alpha in prolonged pregnancy. Experimental studies at the Civil Hospital of Asti]. PMID- 703970 TI - [Clinical value of the anatomo-pathological study of carcinomas of the breast]. PMID- 703971 TI - [Diagnostic and surgical prospects in bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens]. PMID- 703972 TI - [Echoscopy in the early diagnosis of pregnancy]. PMID- 703973 TI - [Effect of dilution on the surface tension of human seminal fluid]. PMID- 703974 TI - [A case of dysembryoplasia (fetus in fetu)]. PMID- 703975 TI - [Giant chorioangioma]. PMID- 703976 TI - [An unusual case of multiple-deficiency anemia as a cause of insufficient intrauterine development]. PMID- 703977 TI - [An unusual case of pelvic colpocele]. PMID- 703978 TI - [An unusual case of hymenal endometriosis]. PMID- 703979 TI - Smoking during pregnancy. Its effect on maternal metabolism and fetoplacental function. AB - The effects of smoking during pregnancy on maternal body composition and the fetoplacental unit were investigated serially in well-matched groups of 29 normal, healthy primigravid smokers and 31 nonsmokers. The babies of smokers were lighter by an average of 138 g, and there was a greater proportion of small-for dates infants among smokers compared with nonsmokers. There was a failure in expansion of mean plasma volume and total body water in patients who smoked throughout pregnancy compared with nonsmokers. No differences were demonstrated in serum protein, intravascular protein mass, serum albumin, intravascular albumin mass, serum electrolytes, serum osmolality, urinary estriol excretion, fetal biparietal diameter, or weekly growth rate between the 2 groups. The concentration of serum heat-stable alkaline phosphatase at 34 and 38 weeks' gestation, during the second stage of labor, and in the early puerperium was significantly higher in smokers. It is postulated that smoking unfavorably alters maternal body composition which is manifested in poor overall performance with the consequent production of smaller infants. The effects of tobacco smoke on the fetus may possibly be mediated via the placenta. PMID- 703980 TI - Unconjugated estriol and cortisol in maternal and cord serum and amniotic fluid in normal and abnormal pregnancy. AB - This study investigated unconjugated E3 and cortisol in normal and abnormal (diabetes and chronic stress) pregnancies and the compartmental (maternal, fetoplacental, amniotic fluid) concentrations and relationships in simultaneous samples. It was demonstrated that in labor both steriods are higher in all compartments than in patients having an elective cesarean section. Diabetic pregnancies do not differ radically from normal, but the stressed gestations have lower E3 and elevated fetal cortisol levels. That the maternal serum unconjugated E3 reflected fetoplacental function was confirmed. Twin pregnancies that were studied presented some conflicting data. PMID- 703981 TI - Spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes after amniocentesis. AB - Three hundred eighty amniocenteses in 200 parturients were reviewed for success or failure in obtaining amniotic fluid, number of attempts for each amniocentesis, premature rupture of the fetal membranes, presence of blood, and the perinatal outcome. The highest success rate was in cases in which amniocentesis was performed between the symphysis and the presenting part of the fetus. The total incidence of spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes within 5 days after the last amniocentesis was 13.5%. When the amniocentesis was performed behind the fetal neck, the membranes ruptured significantly more frequently (P less than 0.05) than after amniocentesis at other sites. It is concluded that the area behind the fetal neck should be avoided if possible at amniocentesis. There were no severe be avoided if possible at amniocentesis. There were no severe fetal or neonatal complications from amniocentesis in these patients. PMID- 703982 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein levels in cholestasis of pregnancy. AB - Plasma concentrations of pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein (PSBG) were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in 211 samples from 123 normal women during the third trimester of pregnancy and in 166 samples from 68 patients with cholestasis of pregnancy. At 37--38 weeks of gestation patients with cholestasis had significantly lower PSBG levels than the normal pregnant women (P less than 0.005), whereas the levels in patients in the cholestasis had not been significantly different from those for normal pregnant women before 37 weeks. At 37--38 weeks of gestation patients with cholestasis showed a slight correlation between placnetal weight and plasma PSBS levels (r = 0.362; P less than 0.05), whereas this was not found in patients with normal pregnancy. No correlation was found between infant weight or length at birth and the PSBG concentrations in either group, and no difference was noted in PSBG concentrations between cases with and without fetal distress. PMID- 703983 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of the large-for-dates infant. AB - Data on consecutive measurement of fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and fetal chest area in 42 normal weight infants (birthweight 10--90th percentile) and 30 large-for-dates (birthweight above the 90th percentile) are presented. Pregnancy duration varied from 32 to 40 weeks. In the normal weight group fetal BPD and chest area were above the 95th percentile fo the normal curve in 7% and 5% of the cases; in the large-for-dates group the figures were 7% and 47%. Head to chest ratio fell below the fifth percentile of the normal curve in 53% of the large-for dates against only 2% of the normal weight infants. In the detection of the large for-dates infant ultrasonic measurement of fetal chest area appears to be superior to ultrasonic measurement of fetal BPD. PMID- 703984 TI - Vacuum extraction. Use in a community hospital setting. AB - The history of vacuum extraction and its use in a specific community hospital setting is reviewed. Basic principles for successful use of the extractor are cited. Two hundred twenty-eight consecutive vacuum extraction cases occurring in an 18-month period are evaluated for indications and outcome. The most common indications were fetal distress, 41.6%; malposition of the vertex 35%; and dysfunctional labor 14.6%. Several subjects exhibited more than one condition influencing the decision to use the extractor. Particular reference is made to the occurrence of significant trauma to the fetal scalp in 18.7% of cases. Careful choice of candidates for vacuum extraction and adherence to principles of application and traction technique are emphasized to reduce the incidence of fetal scalp trauma. PMID- 703985 TI - Improved neonatal survival through maternal transport. AB - Data on outcome from 239 consecutive infants requiring neonatal intensive care following in utero maternal transport to a regional perinatal center were contrasted with those of 642 infants born in outlying hospitals and consecutively transported as newborns to regional intensive care centers during the same 30 month period (January 1974 through June 1976). Neonatal mortality was lower for maternal transport than for newborn transport infants in comparable groups of mortality risk (based on birthweight and gestational age), reaching levels of significant difference (P less than .05) for groups of premature infants weighing less than 1500 g and born prior to 34 weeks' gestation. A high-risk maternal transport system developed subsequent to a well established newborn transport and intensive care system broadens the scope of patients afforded neonatal intensive care and further reduces neonatal mortality and morbidity in the region it serves. PMID- 703986 TI - Fetal arrhythmia. AB - Seven human fetuses with intermittently recurring cardiac arrhythmias of ectopic origin were studied intensively during labor and the early neonatal period. Neonatal outcome, judged by Apgar scores and neonatal acid-base parameters, was favorable in all 7 patients. Three of the seven arrhythmias reverted spontaneously to sinus rhythm within 72 hours, and six of the seven resolved by 5 days of age. One neonate, with supraventricular tachycardia, developed congestive heart failure, necessitating digitalization, but was free of symptoms at 6 weeks and showed no evidence of congenital heart disease. The literature on fetal cardiac arrhythmias is reviewed. A number of etiologic mechanisms and several methods of pharmacologic therapy of these irregularities have been proposed. These cases suggest, however, that fetal arrhythmias of ectopic origin need not represent signs of fetal distress or cardiac anomaly and may be inocuous. Evidence to date indicates that in utero pharmacologic treatment of fetal arrhythmias is not indicated. PMID- 703987 TI - Effect of maternal alcohol exposure on fetal ovarian lactate dehydrogenase. AB - Pregnant inbred mice strain Balb/c injected intraperitoneally with 100 mu1 of 70% ethanol for 7 consecutive days (9th through 16th day of gestation). One group of mice were also injected with diethylstibestrol (DES) dissolved in 70% ethanol. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured 90 days postpartum in the crude extracts of ovarian tissues (obtained from mothers and offspring) as well as in testicular tissues of the male offspring. The data show that the electrophoretic pattern of LDH in these tissues does not change, but the ovarian LDH is inhibited by alcohol. The testicular LDH on the other hand is not affected by the alcohol treatment. Because of the effect of alcohol itself, the effect of DES could not be determined. PMID- 703988 TI - Elevated serum cathepsin B1 and vaginal pathology after prenatal DES exposure. AB - Activities of the lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin B1 (CBI), beta-glucuronidase, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, as well as sialyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and placenta-like alkaline phosphatase, were determined on blind coded serums from 99 women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero and 40 unexposed subjects of comparable age range. Cathepsin B1 averaged 100%, 1040% (P less than 0.001), 2720 % (P less than 0.001), and 4760% (P less than 0.001) of controls in DES-exposed women with no genital tract abnormalities (N = 11), adenosis (N = 68), adenosis with concomitant dysplasia (N = 15), and clear-cell adenocarcinoma (N = 5), respectively. The later two groups also exhibited 0.01). Activities of the other four enzymes in serums of DES-exposed women were unchanged from those controls, suggesting that alterations in CBI were not due to generalized increases in lysosomal membrane instability or other gross cellular damage. In 2 DES-exposed women with clear-cell adenocardinoma, from whom serial samples were available, preoperative levels of serum CBl fell from a mean of 4280% to values indistinguishable from controls by 7--12 days after tumor excision, concurrently with objective signs of remission. Recrudescence of serum CBI levels preceded by at least 3 months clinical evidence of persistent adenosis accompanied by vaginal dysplasia. Although the nature of the increments in CBI like activity in the majority of subjects with DES-related pathology remains to be determined, the findings may complement present methods of physical diagnosis and prognosis. PMID- 703989 TI - A comparative study between radioreceptor assay and radioimmunoassay for hCG in patients with trophoblastic disease. AB - The results of a urinary quantitative radioreceptor assay (RRA) were compared with those obtained with an established specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for hCG in a group of patients with trophoblastic disease. A good correlation (r = 0.95) was found between the two methods for values greater than 10 mIU/ml of hCG. A specific RIA for hCG should be used when the hCG levels fall below 10 mIU/ml. With the use of this urinary RRA, the clinician can follow patients with hydatidiform more for up to 10 weeks after evacuation and have the hCG titer available on the same day the specimen is obtained. PMID- 703990 TI - Abnormalities of lymphocyte transformations in women with intraepithelial carcinoma of the vulva. AB - Cellular immunity of the delayed type in women with intraepithelial carcinoma (carcinoma is situ) of the vulva was investigated by an in vitro assay of mitogen induced lymphocyte transformations. Test results from 9 patients were compared to those of 23 age-matched control subjects. Lymphocyte transformation responses in counts per minute were significantly lower for women with carcinoma in situ of the vulva than for control subjects for phytohemagglutinin-P (at 50 microgram/ml) 6238 and 28,102 (P less than 0.0001); for phytohemagglutinin-P (at 165 microgram/ml 7222 and 21,417 (P less than 0.001); for concanavallin A, 14,988 and 41,888 (P less than 0.0001); and pokeweed mitogen, 20,861 and 49,601 (P less than 0.001). No significant differences in lymphocyte transformations were noted between these two groups to the specific antigens, Candida or streptokinase streptodornase. Four patients with carcinoma in situ of the vulva were also found to have intraepithelial carcinoma of the cervix and/or vegina. The occurrence and clinical course of carcinoma in situ of the vulva in some women may be related to an underlying defect in cellular immunity. Immunosuppression may also explain the frequent association noted between carcinoma of the vulva and the development of other malignant neoplasms. PMID- 703991 TI - A temporary response of recurrent granulosa cell tumor to adriamycin. AB - A case is reported of recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the ovary that had failed irradiation therapy and alkylating agent plus antimetabolite chematherapy. Of particular note is the dramatic complete response to single-agent therapy with Adriamycin. PMID- 703992 TI - Enhanced red cell oxygen transport in a pregnant woman with hemoglobin SD disease. AB - An anemic pregnant black primigravida with hemoglobin SD disease was studied throughout pregnancy and parturition. Hemoglobin SD disease was established by agar gel electrophoresis at pH 6.2. The patient carried to term a healthy femlae infant, an unusual occurrence in a patient homozygous for hemoglobin SD disease. The increase in the red cell concentration of 2,3 disphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) of 18--21 micrometer/g Hb (normal 12 +/- 2 micrometer/g Hb) was associated with a decrease in red cell oxygen affinity. The patient's in vitro P50 value ranged between 35 and 45 mm Hg (normal 28 +/- 1 mmHg). The function of red cells with increased 2,3 DPG levels and decreased affinity for oxygen in a pregnant woman with hemoglobin SD disease is discussed. PMID- 703993 TI - Pregnancy following removal and chemotherapy of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. AB - The first reported case of successful pregnancy following unilateral adnexectomy and combination chemotherapy for nedodermal sinus tumor is presented. The rationale for conservative management of this virulent neoplasm is discussed. PMID- 703994 TI - Benign cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube. AB - There have been 45 cases of cystic teratomas reported in the literature and, although all reports have been extensive, they were not summarized until 1972. Because this condition is rare, it is important to develop accurate statistics on cystic teratoma. The case reported here is the 46th to be reported and the 45th case of benign cystic teratoma. PMID- 703995 TI - Intraoperative photography A sterile system. AB - A practical, sterile system for intraoperative photography by the surgeon has been developed and evaluated in numerous operative procedures. No operative or postoperative complications have occurred. Emphasis is placed on simplicity, speed, and low cost, while high quality photographic results are consistently obtained, even by a surgeon who has no specialized skill as a photographer. Details of the procedure, results, and benefits over conventional systems are presented. The potential impact of widespread use of this system on medical education, research, medical jurisprudence, and other areas is discussed. Photographs of in situpathologic processes obtained by this system will make documentation more complete when no tissue is submitted for histologic examination or where gross findings and results or microscopic examination are disparate. PMID- 703996 TI - The closure of maternity services in Massachusetts. The impact on the obstetricians. AB - A survey is presented of Massachusetts physicians who were staff members at hospitals which closed their obstetric services. Both personal and practice impacts are presented as well as the physicians' evaluation of their present maternity units in comparison to the closed units. The personal impact on responding physicians was small. Few reported significant financial or patient loss. While significant practice changes were reported, adverse comments were few, and the present obstetric unit was viewed as an improvement over the closed unit in ever one-half the cases. These findings support the concept of consolidation as a component of programs for regional planning of maternity care. PMID- 703997 TI - Diabetes and pregnancy. PMID- 703998 TI - Rising expectations. PMID- 703999 TI - Pneumothorax. PMID- 704000 TI - HCG. PMID- 704001 TI - Estrogen therapy. PMID- 704003 TI - Melanoma and its immunotherapy. PMID- 704002 TI - Physical treatment of pain and weakness following radical neck dissection. PMID- 704004 TI - Report on the OSMA district meetings. PMID- 704005 TI - St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Ohio in 1975. PMID- 704007 TI - How much surgery for cancer of the breast? PMID- 704006 TI - Prehospital emergency medical care in Ohio. PMID- 704008 TI - Medical malpractice act of 1975--a retrospect. PMID- 704009 TI - Amphetamine abuse. PMID- 704010 TI - A congenital anomaly of the ribs. PMID- 704011 TI - Clinical observations following papaverine therapy. PMID- 704012 TI - Evaluation of surgical and medical hospitalizations in Columbus, Ohio. PMID- 704014 TI - [Use of various types of quantum generators in retinal diseases]. PMID- 704013 TI - Hospice. PMID- 704015 TI - [Ruby and neodymium laser coagulation in macular ruptures of the retina]. PMID- 704016 TI - [Selection of the generator for photocoagulation of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 704017 TI - [Problems of the pathogenesis of serous chorioretinitis and its treatment with an argon laser]. PMID- 704018 TI - [Electromagnetic treatment of uncompensated glaucoma]. PMID- 704019 TI - [Hydrodynamics of the eye in retinal detachment in children]. PMID- 704020 TI - [Dynamics of the trophicity indices of the tunicae internae bulbi in patients operated on for primary glaucoma]. PMID- 704021 TI - [Clinical study of the optic disk and peripapillar zone of the fundus oculi in glaucoma]. PMID- 704022 TI - [Ophthalomotonus and hydrodynamics of the eye in traumatic aniridia]. PMID- 704023 TI - [State of the hydrodynamics of the 2nd eye at various times after injury and enucleation of the 1st]. PMID- 704024 TI - [Methods, classification and interpretation of the results of research with a color device]. PMID- 704025 TI - [Neuroophthalomologic manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 704026 TI - [Pathogenesis of corneal edema in severe chemical burn]. PMID- 704028 TI - [Our experience with the comprehensive treatment of arterisoclerotic macular dystrophies]. PMID- 704027 TI - [Glutathione antioxidant system in keratoconus]. PMID- 704029 TI - [Electrotrephine for dacryocystorhinostomy with a movable protective coupling and controlled operating regimen]. PMID- 704030 TI - [New keratoplasty operation in myopia]. PMID- 704031 TI - [Schistosomal maculitis]. PMID- 704032 TI - [Severe case of staphylococcal eye lesion against a background of chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 704033 TI - [Methodological instructions on the work of eye injury centers]. PMID- 704034 TI - Gastro-intestinal tumors in mice of three strains maintained on fat-enriched diets. AB - Mice of three strains were used in the present experiments. The control mice (group 1, 7 and 9) have been kept on Purina chow only. For the experimental mice of the T.M. strain the Purina chow was supplemented with refined corn oil (group 2), crude corn oil (group 3), regined corn oil plus free fatty acids (group 4), Monoolein (group 5) and Monostearin (group 6). For the experimental mice of the BALB/c and C57 Br. strains (group 8 and 10) Purina chow was supplemented with raw egg yolk. Very few of the control mice developed tumors of the forestomach (3/195 mice in group 1 and 1/165 mice in group 9) and none of them developed pyloric or intestinal tumors. Among the mice maintained on the fat-enriched diets the incidence of tumors of the forestomach and of the pyloric glandular part of the viscus was relatively high, except for the mice in group 6, maintained on Purina chow supplemented with monostearin. Intestinal tumors were found only in mice of the BALB/c and C57 Br. strains maintained on Purina chow supplemented with egg yolk. The tumors were for the most part polyps, except for adenocarcinomas developed by three C57 Br. mice from group 10. The difference between mice of the T.M. strain, (which did not develop intestinal tumors), and those of the BALB/c and C57 Br. strains, (which developed intestinal tumors), may be due to a difference in their susceptibility or to the difference in their diets. PMID- 704035 TI - Eicosatrienoic acid omega9 in human hepatoma transplanted into athymic nude mice. AB - Fatty acid compositions of human hepatoma transplanted successively into athymic nude mice were analysed. Eicosatrienoic acid omega9, which occurred as an unusual positional isomer of eicosatrienoic acid in the original hepatoma tissues, was preserved in these hepatoma tissues over three transplant generations, while the content of linoleic acid in liver was higher in nude mice than in humans. It appears, therefore, that the synthesis of eicosatrienoic acid omega9 is one of the essential metabolic aberrations of human hepatoma, quite independent of nutritional condition. PMID- 704036 TI - Correlation of immune response with clinical stage in Lewis lung tumor-bearing mice. AB - The effect of Lewis lung tumor growth in mice on the induction of primary immune response to SRBC, was investigated by PFC assay for measuring antibody activity and by footpad test as a correlate for delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. With the appearance of micrometastases in the lungs there was a decline in the humoral and cellular immune response to the SRBC. An increase of number and size of metastases in the lungs led to a further depression of the immune reactivity. Since the reduction of general immune response in mice bearing this tumor is not due to a direct influence of tumor cells, it might be assumed that suppressor cells or factors, are actively abrogating the general and also the tumor directed immune reactions. PMID- 704037 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on two tumor cell lines in culture. AB - The effect of vitamin C on cell proliferation and DNA synthesis was investigated using two tumor cell lines Hep2 and KB. The results show that there was an increase in the ratio of dead to live cells and a decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis. The results also agree with other work carried out on animal experimental models which claimed that vitamin C may be involved in the arrest of neoplastic cell proliferation. PMID- 704038 TI - Acetylator phenotype in patients with breast cancer. AB - Acetylator phenotype was established by the method of Evans in 41 patients with breast cancer and 38 female controls. The results showed that the group of patients with advanced breast cancer included relatively more "rapid" - acetylating females (68% of "rapid and 32% of "slow" acetylators) as compared with controls (37% of "rapid" and 63% of "slow" acetylators). Moreover, the level of acetylating in both "rapid" and "slow" acetylating breast cancer patients were found to be higher than in corresponding groups of controls. A possible association between changes in the activity of acetylation in breast cancer patients and the genetic regulation processes in tumor growth is discussed. PMID- 704039 TI - An investigation into possibel methods of assessing the intake of calcium and phosphorus by grazing sheep. PMID- 704040 TI - Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. V. Helminths in sheep on dryland pasture on the Transvaal highveld. AB - The seasonal incidence of helminth infestation on a farm in the Transvaal Highveld was determined by the slaughter of tracer lambs exposed on pasture for periods of approximately 6 weeks. Haemonchus contortus, the most prevalent nematode, was recovered in the greatest numbers from January--May 1974. Peak counts of Ostertagia circumcincta were made during March and April 1974 and in January 1975, while Trichostrongylus spp. were mainly encountered from March- June. Cooperia spp. were generally recovered from November--May and Moniezia expansa from October--April. H. contortus, O. circumcincta and Cooperia spp. all exhibited increasing degrees of arrested development in the 4th larval stage from February--June. PMID- 704041 TI - Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. VI. Helminths in calves on irrigated pastures on the transvaal highveld. AB - Sets of tracer calves, which were exposed for 2 months on irrigated pasture and then slaughtered, provided evidence of the extent of seasonal helminth infestation. Haemonchus spp. were the most abundant nematodes, the largest numbers of which were generally recovered from May--August. Marked inhibition of development in the 4th larval stage was noted from May--November. Trichostrongylus spp. were recovered in modest numbers with the highest burdens generally present in May, June and October. In the first year of the survey Cooperia spp. were recovered in small numbers, but in the second year burdens increased from February--June. PMID- 704042 TI - Recovery of nematodes from ruminants by migration from gastro-intestinal ingesta and mucosa gelled in agar: preliminary report. AB - When gastro-intestinal ingesta and mucosa containing larvae or adult Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta. Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Strongyloides papillosus, Nematodirus spathiger, Gaigeria pachyscelis, Oesophagostomum columbianum or Chabertia ovina were suspended in 0,75--1,00% agar gel and incubated in physiological saline, a mean of 93,6% of the helminths migrated from the agar-ingesta or agar-mucosa into the physiological saline. The lowest suitable concentration of agar was 0,85--0,90% for one batch of agar and 0,65% for another. Although most of the worms had migrated from the agar gel after 3--4 h of incubation, migration usually continued for longer than 7 h. While low concentrations of formalin partially inhibited migration from the gel, slightly more worms were recovered from agar containing 1% bile than from agar alone. PMID- 704043 TI - The activity of insect juvenile hormone mimics in larval Amblyomma hebraeum Koch (Acarina: Metastriata: Ixodidae). AB - A total of 14 insect juvenile hormone mimics was tested for activity in Amblyomma hebraeum by exposing newly engorged larvae to filter paper impregnated with hormone mimics. The most active compounds used in this assay were HS 103 (6-ethyl 3-pyridyl geranyl ether; EC50=0,0018 mg/cm2), ZR 512 (Ethyl 3,7,11 trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; EC50=0,0022 mg/cm2), HS 2 (6-methyl-3-pyridyl geranyl ether; EC50=0,0035 mg/cm2), ZR 615 (N-ethyl 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4 dieneamide; EC50=0,0035 mg/cm2), ZR 777 (Prop-2-ynyl 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4 dienoate; EC50=0,0039 mg/cm2) and ZR 515 (Isopropyl-11-methoxy 3,7,11 trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; EC50=0,0094 mg/cm2). Activity in this assay was similar to that reported in insects and was consistent with the susceptibility of these compounds to metabolic inactivation. The results suggest that ZR 615 may be of possible use in tick control. PMID- 704044 TI - [Osteosynthesis with metal plates in the treatment of fractures]. PMID- 704045 TI - [Results of treatment of humeral fractures complicated by injury of the radial nerve]. PMID- 704046 TI - [Causes of complications of treatment of open fractures of the diaphyses of long tubular bones]. PMID- 704047 TI - [Probability of joint injury in connection with the duration of latent period of the muscle strain reflex]. PMID- 704048 TI - [Role of resuscitation in air transportation of patients in the state of traumatic shock]. PMID- 704049 TI - [State of the blood coagulation system in middle-aged and old patients with fractures]. PMID- 704050 TI - [State of the cardiovascular system after amputation]. PMID- 704051 TI - [Ultrastructural and functional changes in the bone tissue with aging]. PMID- 704052 TI - [Characteristics of systemic growth regulation of the limbs under the effect of various factors influencing their growth and length]. PMID- 704053 TI - [Classification of multiple injuries of the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 704054 TI - [Various problems of diagnosis and surgical tactics in multiple and combined injuries]. PMID- 704055 TI - [Crural bone lengthening in a patient with a history of deep burns of the leg in childhood]. PMID- 704056 TI - [Surgical restoration of the rotation movements of the forearm]. PMID- 704057 TI - [Surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 704058 TI - [Treatment of Dupuytren's contracture with papain]. PMID- 704059 TI - [Heparin in the treatment of disorders of local hemodynamics in fractures of the crural bones]. PMID- 704060 TI - [Method of hermetic drainage of the medullary cavity in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 704061 TI - [Device for correction of angular hip deformities]. PMID- 704062 TI - [Cassette-holder for splints for permanent skeletal traction in crural bone fractures]. PMID- 704063 TI - [Fat embolism in combined injuries and fractures of the long tubular bones]. PMID- 704064 TI - [Genetic factors in pre- and postnatal morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 704065 TI - [Characteristics of kidney function in respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 704066 TI - [Supportive anticoagulant therapy, results and problems]. PMID- 704067 TI - [Vacterl syndrome]. PMID- 704068 TI - [Treatment of diabetics]. PMID- 704069 TI - [Analysis of toxoplasma antibodies in ophthalmologic patients]. PMID- 704070 TI - [Obstructive uropathies in the newborn infant]. PMID- 704071 TI - [Working conditions and health damage in anesthesiologists. National survey. Incidence of gestational and genetic disorders]. PMID- 704072 TI - [Lymphangioma cysticum mediastini]. PMID- 704073 TI - [Congenital malformations, 1978]. PMID- 704075 TI - [Current problems of disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 704074 TI - [Clinical use of mechanical circulation support by arteriovenous bypass]. PMID- 704076 TI - [Rupture of a traumatic pseudocyst of the spleen caused by repeated trauma]. PMID- 704077 TI - [Prevention of methemoglobinemia caused by high nitrate levels in drinking water, from the viewpoint of child health]. PMID- 704078 TI - [Way of the future: increased participation of pharmacists in public health]. PMID- 704079 TI - [Data on the pathogenesis of Raynaud's syndrome]. PMID- 704080 TI - [Iatrogenic aseptic necrosis of bone]. PMID- 704081 TI - [A case of simultaneous transport of a temporary pacemaker and 2 patients needing a pacemaker]. PMID- 704082 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and clinical pathology of adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 704083 TI - [Pathomechanism of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome following cesarean section]. PMID- 704084 TI - [Determination of the optimal pacemaker frequency based on peripheral venous pressure]. PMID- 704085 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis associated with skin manifestations]. PMID- 704086 TI - [Serum level of non-conjugated estriol in normal and abnormal pregnancy]. PMID- 704087 TI - [Spinal tumors in children and infants]. PMID- 704088 TI - [Working conditions and health damage of anesthesiologists. National survey. Analysis of morbidity data]. PMID- 704089 TI - [Rehabilitation of aged hemiplegics]. PMID- 704090 TI - [Microelement requirements of healthy individuals]. PMID- 704091 TI - [Rescue of gas poisoned patients and voluntary hyperventilation]. PMID- 704092 TI - [Value of cytology in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer]. PMID- 704093 TI - [Intrauterine bacterial infection of the newborn infant]. PMID- 704095 TI - [Experience with therapeutic and experimental infraclavicular subclavian puncture]. PMID- 704094 TI - [Surgical correction of ostium primum persistens: late results]. PMID- 704096 TI - [Current problems and dilemmas of health care in Hungary]. PMID- 704097 TI - [Luxatio femoralis erecta]. PMID- 704098 TI - [The value of frequent short-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 704099 TI - [Long-term anticoagulant therapy in chronic atrial fibrillation (prevention of thromboembolic complication)]. PMID- 704100 TI - [Dusan Makovicky and Tolstoi]. PMID- 704101 TI - [National genetic register]. PMID- 704103 TI - Situation changing on doctrine of res ipsa loquitur. PMID- 704102 TI - Child abuse: psychological antecedents and sequelae. PMID- 704104 TI - PMS impaired physician committee philosophy outlined. PMID- 704105 TI - Community resources valuable in treating alcoholics. PMID- 704106 TI - Cystic dilatation of biliary tract: choledochal cyst. PMID- 704107 TI - Do big health insurance carriers play fair with payouts? PMID- 704108 TI - Courts expect "reasonable" action from physicians. PMID- 704109 TI - Peer review proceedings protected by decision. PMID- 704110 TI - Prepaid health care primer for practicing physicians. Health maintenance organizations and individual practice associations. PMID- 704111 TI - Superior Court reviews grounds for malpractice suits. PMID- 704112 TI - Purge these words: 'accidentally poisoned'. PMID- 704113 TI - Report of cases. Advances in vascular disease diagnostic techniques. PMID- 704115 TI - Communication deterrent to suits. A programmed course in human relations. PMID- 704114 TI - Case report. Congenital absence of gallbladder and cystic duct. PMID- 704116 TI - Physician impairment confronted by special committee. PMID- 704117 TI - Prevalence of bacteriuria in infants suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Part I: Preliminary report on the possible prevalence rate of bacteriuria in infantile gastroenteritis with moderate and severe dehydration. PMID- 704118 TI - Some aspects of tricuspid atresia. PMID- 704119 TI - A study on hypothyroidism in a school for the mentally retarded in Bandung. PMID- 704120 TI - Heights and weights of preschool children visiting the MCH clinic of the General Hospital (RSUPP), Medan. PMID- 704121 TI - The use of icterometer in assessing neonatal jaundice. PMID- 704122 TI - Ichthyosis fetalis. PMID- 704123 TI - Left atrial rhythm in cyanotic congenital heart disease. PMID- 704124 TI - Evaluation on typhus abdominalis treated by general practitioners in Yogyakarta. PMID- 704125 TI - A question on the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal disease. PMID- 704126 TI - An oral electrolyte solution (Pedialyte) in the treatment of acute infantile gastroenteritis. PMID- 704127 TI - Total serum calcium in the newborns. PMID- 704128 TI - Nitrimidazine (Naxogin) in the treatment of children with intestinal amoebiasis. PMID- 704129 TI - Anthropometric measurement on children in Pulau Samosir and Pulau Nias. PMID- 704130 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis. PMID- 704131 TI - Congenital cutis laxa. PMID- 704132 TI - Interaction between immunocomplexes (ICs) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). PMID- 704133 TI - Liquid-crystal thermography in the diagnosis of Dupuytren's contracture. PMID- 704134 TI - Acute appendicitis in infancy and childhood: the leukocytic picture. PMID- 704135 TI - [Digestion of blood by Leptopsylla segnis fleas]. AB - The digestion of blood by L. segnis was investigated by hystological and hystochemical methods. The protease activity in the stomachs of these flease was found to be very high. After the feeding erythrocytes do not stick together and fibrin precipitates only in a shape of filaments. As a result a dense clot of formed elements and plasma-proteins does not appear. Hemolysis of erythrocytes in adult fleas (maintained 7 to 10 days in the nest with the host prior to the test) ceases within 15--20 minutes while in young ones (up to 24 hours old)--within 1- 1.5 hour. PMID- 704136 TI - [Morphology of the cercaria of Paralepoderma brumpti (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae)]. PMID- 704137 TI - [Taxonomic analysis of Pegosomum asperum and P. saginatum (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)]. AB - Morphology, ecology and chromosomes of P. asperum and P. saginatum were investigated. The both species have a diploid set consisting-of 20 chromosomes with similar morphology and size of bivalents. Their karyotypes are supposed to be identical. According to their morphology and ecology the both species are clearly differentiated. A conclusion is drawn on the distinct status of these trematodes having originated as a result of simpatric speciation. PMID- 704138 TI - [Embryonic and postembryonic development of Cucullanus cirratus Muller, 1777 (Nematoda, Cucullanidae)]. AB - Embryonal development of C. cirratus is described for the first time. The cortical activity at the first stages of cleavage has been noted. The extrusion of one of thdiate type, however there are some peculiarities. At first, the blastopore has a slit-like form, then closes in the middle and thus two openings are formed. The "tadpole" embryo appears in 3--4 days. Hatching of the first stage larvae take place on the 10-th--12-th day after the cleavage starts. The description of it is given. The moulting occurs in water. The description of the second stage larva is also given. PMID- 704139 TI - [Micromorphological study of the skin-muscular sac of the nematode Ascaridia galli exposed to anthelmintic compounds]. AB - The effect of antihelmintic compounds on the cuticle, hypoderm and muscular cells of Ascaridia galli was investigated in vitro. Morphological changes were studied by means of light microscopy. The most pronounced changes in the musculocutaneous sac were found to be caused by santonin, hetrasan, piperasin and phenasal. Less effective are phenotiasin, naphtamon and enteroseptol. PMID- 704140 TI - [Simplified methods for the isolation and preservation of axenic Lamblia cultures]. AB - The complexity and high cost of the existing methods of obtaining and preserving axenic cultures of Giardia (Meyer, 1970) have motivated the authors to look for new ways and means of simplifying the procedure. Solid media gave fair results which substantially simplified and accelerated the process and proved to be favourable for preserving the cultures longer without repassaging. Accordingly, the method recommended by the above authors facilitates the elimination of yeast from the cultures of Giardia in 15 to 24 days and the preservation of the axenic cultures over a period of 4 to 6 months without passaging, and within first two months at least the cultivation of new populations is guaranteed. PMID- 704141 TI - [Changes in the blood makeup in tick-borne paralysis caused by Argas persicus (Argasidae) tick larvae]. PMID- 704142 TI - [Parastaurosoma G. Avdeev et V. Avdeev, 1975 is a synonym for the genus Gastroecus Hansen, 1887 (Copepoda, Staurosomatidae)]. PMID- 704143 TI - [Dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii distribution in the organs and tissues of white mice with an acute infestation]. AB - The dynamics of the distribution and concentration of toxoplasms of strain RH in organs and tissues of white mice infected subcutaneously was studied by the titration method during the toxoplasmatic infection. The distribution of toxoplasms in the organism was found to be active in the first 30 to 60 minutes with a subsequent fall of their concentration. In 24 hours no parasites were discovered by the bio-assay method. On the next days toxoplasms in the organs reached such abundance that caused the death of the animal. In the brain toxoplasms were found only after 3 days. PMID- 704144 TI - [Case of the transmission of the rat trypanosome by lice]. AB - Data are given on the laboratory spontaneous occurrence of trypanosomiasis in young rats. It was demonstrated that the louse Polyplax spinulosa is the main mechanical vector of Trypanosoma lewisi. Unlike the case of the real host, the flea, the trypanosomes do not undergo the whole developmental cycle in the louse. PMID- 704145 TI - [New species of Meloidodera (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) from the Maritime Territory]. AB - A new species of endoparasitic nematodes, Meloidodera sikhotealiniensis, is described. The species was found on the roots of Betula mandshurica (Rgl.) Nakai and Spiraea sp. in the woods of the Primorye Territory. M. Sikhotealiniensis differs from the close species M. floridensis by a small size of the body and the structure of the cephalic end of females, large stylet and long gubernaculum of males, thin digitate terminus of larvae. The new species differs from M. charis in an oval shape and size of the body of females, large stylet of females and larvae, low place of the entry of the dorsal duct into the oesophagal lumen, long and slender tail of larvae. PMID- 704146 TI - Hybridization between Brugia patei, B. pahangi and sub-periodic B. malayi. AB - Virgin females of Brugia malayi, B. pahangi and B. patei were mated with males of species other than their own to determine whether they would hybridize. Microfilariae were produced in all but one cross (that between B. pahangi males and B. malayi females). Hybrid infective larvae, produced in mosquitoes and inoculated intraperitoneally into jirds, grew to adults but these were unable to produce microfilariae because hybrid males did not produce spermatozoa. Hybrid females were fertile and produced microfilariae when crossed with males of their parental species. PMID- 704147 TI - Genetic resistance to helminths. The influence of breed and haemoglobin type on the response of sheep to primary infections with Haemonchus contortus. PMID- 704148 TI - Experimental studies of infection dynamics: infection of the definitive host by the cercariae of Transversotrema patialense. AB - The number of cercariae of Transversotrema patialense which attach to the fish host Brachydanio rerio, during a fixed exposure period, is shown to be directly proportional to cercarial density within an experimental infection arena. The distribution of successful infections/host is shown to change from a random pattern to an over-dispersed form as cercarial exposure density or duration of host exposure to infection increases. A stochastic simulation model is used to demonstrate that small differences in host susceptibility to infection, within a population of hosts, can generate patterns of dispersion in parasite numbers/host similar to those observed in the experimental studies. Differences in host behaviour, during the period of exposure to infection, are thought to generate variability in host susceptibility to cercarial infection. PMID- 704149 TI - Population dynamics of snail infection by miracidia. AB - The essential biological features of snail infection by miracidia are incorporated into a simple model which describes the rate of change with respect to time of the number of miracidial infections/host. The model is based on the assumption that the net rate of infection is directly proportional to the density of both miracidia and hosts. Empirical evidence is provided to support this assumption. The basic framework of the model is expanded to take into account demographic stochasticity in infection and is used to predict the percentage of snails that become infected after exposure to a known number of miracidia for a set period of time. The influence of miracidial mortalities and age-dependent infectivity are examined and theoretical predictions are compared with a range of experimental results. Underlying heterogeneity in the distribution of the number of infections/snail is shown to generate an artifactual decrease in infection rates as exposure density rises, if rate estimation procedures are based on an assumption of randomness. Empirical evidence is presented to illustrate the generation of over-dispersion in the number of miracidial infections/snail under tightly controlled laboratory conditions, using supposedly homogeneous snail populations. Biological causes for underlying patterns of heterogeneity are discussed in relation to snail susceptibility to infection and 'attractiveness' to infective stages. PMID- 704150 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: evidence for a role of serum factors in protecting artificially transformed schistosomula against antibody-mediated killing in vitro. AB - Artificially transformed schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni develop a consistent but small protection against the lethal effects of antibody plus complement when cultured for 24 h in a chemically defined medium. In contrast, they become rapidly resistant to antibody plus complement, when cultured in the presence of a complex medium consisting of equal parts of heat-inactivated rabbit serum and Earle's/lactalbumin or in defined medium supplemented with small amounts of heat-inactivated rabbit serum. Sephadex G-200 gel filtration revealed that the protective factor in rabbit serum is a macromolecule with a molecular weight between 7 and 19 S. Parasites cultured at 10 degrees C or in the presence of 200 microgram of puromycin show less serum-induced protection against the lethal effects of antibody plus complement than do controls. PMID- 704151 TI - Studies on the mode of action of beclotiamine on Eimeria tenella. AB - The thiamine antagonist beclotiamine showed anticoccidial activity against Eimeria tenella, although metabolites and related substances were inactive. Oocyst production in experiments employing unilateral caecal ligation suggested that the drug reached parasitized cells by downward movement through the intestinal lumen, rather than by absorption and systemic transport. In chickens given 100 p.p.m. beclotiamine in the feed over a period of 7 days, duodenal drug concentrations of approximately 5.8 p.p.m. were achieved and maintained, while concentrations in the caeca were lower, but gradually increased to 1.2 p.p.m. Caecal levels were slow to fall following drug withdrawal, whereas duodenal levels showed an immediate decrease. [3H]thiamine absorption from the caeca of normal chicks or of chicks infected with E. tenella was inhibited by oral administration of beclotiamine. Pyrithiamine showed slight anticoccidial activity at 30 p.p.m. as did 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) at 100 p.p.m. A combination of 40 p.p.m. beclotiamine and 200 p.p.m. 2,4-DNP was quite effective although weight gains were not as good as with 120 p.p.m. beclotiamine alone. PMID- 704152 TI - [Activity of several serum enzymes as an indication of the severity of experimental injury]. PMID- 704153 TI - [Pathogenesis of anemia in the massive transfusion syndrome]. PMID- 704154 TI - [Microcirculation following exchange normovolemic administration of homologous donor blood to rats]. PMID- 704155 TI - [Effect of massive transfusions of homologous blood on the functional state of the liver]. PMID- 704156 TI - [Adrenergic-cholinergic mechanism of action of adrenaline on cardiac resistance to hypoxia]. PMID- 704157 TI - [Effect of dosed physical loading on the state of the liver according to morphometric findings and blood biochemical indices in rats with a hypokinetic background]. PMID- 704158 TI - [Dynamics of the impulse activity of inspiratory and expiratory bulbar neurons in cats during the expiratory reflex]. PMID- 704159 TI - [Mechanism of the effect of pyrogenic substances on the thermoregulatory centers in thyroid gland function disorders]. PMID- 704160 TI - [Characteristics of the necrotic and pyrogenic properties of ascarid antigens]. PMID- 704161 TI - [Hypolipidemic activity and toxicity of the sodium salt of 2-phenyl-3-methyl-3 hydroxypentanoic acid in a long-term experiment]. PMID- 704162 TI - [State of catecholamine metabolism in botulin poisoning and possible ways of correcting it]. PMID- 704163 TI - [Suppressant effect of unrelated antigens on the development of allergic encephalomyelitis]. PMID- 704164 TI - [Development of repeated myocardial necrosis in animals with an ischemic infarct following exposure to an antigen from necrotic cardiac muscle]. PMID- 704165 TI - [Comparative study of the sensitivity of different animal species to the blastomogenic activity of several metabolites]. PMID- 704166 TI - [Cholinesterase and inflammatory process]. PMID- 704167 TI - [Pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in hyperuricemia]. PMID- 704168 TI - [Adrenal, cardiac and skeletal muscle catecholamines in liver innervation disorders]. PMID- 704169 TI - [Analysis of the serum densitograms of polycythemic rats]. PMID- 704170 TI - [Effect of oxygen poisoning on hematologic and biochemical blood indices in rabbits]. PMID- 704171 TI - [Effect of alpha-methylstyrol on free amino acid concentration in rat brain]. PMID- 704173 TI - [Method for studying electrical parameters of biologically active body points]. PMID- 704172 TI - [Experimental aerosol sensitization with an antigen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ticks]. PMID- 704174 TI - [Method for practical studies with students on the topic "Pathogenic effect of acceleration on the body"]. PMID- 704175 TI - [Effect of mitotic poisons on secretory processes]. PMID- 704176 TI - [Adrenal hormones and hemodynamics in experimental traumatic shock]. PMID- 704177 TI - [Morphological picture of dog liver with extrahepatic cholestasis treated surgically and pharmacologically]. PMID- 704178 TI - [Changes in the activity of lysosome beta-glucuronidase in rat leukocytes treated with various doses of selenium]. PMID- 704180 TI - [Paracoagulation test in experimental zinc poisoning]. PMID- 704179 TI - [Variations in the levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD in relation to age and tobacco addiction in healthy men]. PMID- 704181 TI - [Production of carcinoembryonic antigen by monolayer cultures prepared from exudates]. PMID- 704183 TI - [Various morphological aspects of germ cell tumors of the ovary in light and electron-microscopic pictures]. PMID- 704182 TI - [Morphological changes in newborn infants and infants with disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 704184 TI - [Diagnosis of sarcoidosis based on the histopathological examination of biopsy material obtained during bronchoscopy]. PMID- 704185 TI - [Granulomatous gastritis]. PMID- 704186 TI - [Carcinoid of the uterine corpus]. PMID- 704188 TI - Assessing adolescent development. PMID- 704187 TI - Adolescent medicine: introduction. PMID- 704189 TI - Health screening and assessment of adolescents. PMID- 704190 TI - Delayed puberty and short stature in adolescents. PMID- 704191 TI - Immunization of adolescents. PMID- 704192 TI - The office determination of proteinuria in adolescents. PMID- 704194 TI - Smoking in children and adolescents. PMID- 704193 TI - A practical approach to school problems in adolescents. PMID- 704195 TI - Excessive masturbation of childhood: a symptom of tactile deprivation? AB - Five cases of excessive masturbation are presented. All cases represent adequate parent-child relationships altered by parental change of behavior toward the child. Upon reinstitution of affectionate tactile contact by the parents, the excessive masturbation ceased. Theoretical considerations are discussed. PMID- 704196 TI - Evaluation of programs designed to increase the protection of infants in cars. AB - Three in-hospital educational programs for postpartum women, designed to increase the crash protection of infants in cars, were evaluated in comparison to a group that received no education. The programs consisted of (1) literature, plus making infant carriers readily accessible and convenient to purchase; (2) literature, plus a personal discussion, plus making infant carriers readily accessible and convenient to purchase; and (3) literature, plus the offer of a free infant carrier. The programs increased the extent to which infant carriers were used to transport babies in cars, but had little or no effect on the key outcome measure: use of infant carriers fastened by the car seat belt so that crash protection is provided. Rates of such use were low in all groups. It is concluded that ways of providing increased crash protection to infant and child travelers in addition to use of restraint systems requiring the active, voluntary cooperation of parents must be encouraged. "Passive" (automatic) protection techniques, such as air bags and vehicle interior modifications, have great potential in this regard. PMID- 704197 TI - Simultaneous administration of live attenuated measles vaccine with DTP vaccine. AB - Live attenuated measles vaccine was administered to Cameroonian children 12 to 39 months of age alone or with either diphtheria-tetanus toxoids or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Among children who were initially seronegative for measles hemagglutination inhibition antibodies, seroconversion rates and postvaccination geometric mean titers were similar in all groups. Pertussis antigen in the DTP vaccine was judged to be potent by laboratory potency testing and serologic response in recipients of the vaccine. Thus, the two vaccines may be administered simultaneously without compromising their immunogenicity. These results allow greater flexibility in planning individual or mass immunization schedules. PMID- 704198 TI - Neonatal neurobehavior in the first 48 hours of life: effect of the administration of meperidine with and without naloxone in the mother. AB - The early neonatal neurobehavioral scale was administered to three groups of newborns at 2, 4, and 24 hours of age. Group 1 consisted of 28 babies whose mothers had received no narcotics during labor, group 2 of 33 babies whose mothers had received meperidine hydrochloride alone during labor, and group 3 of 40 babies whose mothers had received meperidine followed by 0.4 mg of naloxone hydrochloride intravenously approximately 15 minutes before delivery. Babies who were not exposed to meperidine showed a statistically significantly greater percentage of high scores than those exposed to meperidine alone for all items on the neurobehavioral scale at 2 and 4 hours and for all items except tone and Moro response at 24 hours. Similarly, babies whose mothers had received meperidine and naloxone showed a significantly greater percentage of high scores than those whose mothers had received meperidine alone at 2 hours of age. At 4 hours a difference was found for tone and rooting and at 24 hours for overall score, placing, and total decrement score. It is concluded that naloxone given intravenously to the mother reverses the effect of meperidine on neonatal neurobehavior for approximately two hours after birth. At 4 and 24 hours, however, the neurobehavior of neonates exposed to meperidine and naloxone is depressed almost as much as that of babies exposed to meperidine alone. PMID- 704199 TI - Early-onset Haemophilus sepsis in newborn infants: clinical, roentgenographic, and pathologic features. AB - Nine infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis were seen between January 1973 and July 1977. Of the five isolated strains that were typed, only one was type B. All infants had respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, and large alveolar arterial oxygen tension difference gradients. Eight infants weighed less than 1,500 gm and died; one infant weighed 1,701 gm and survived. Roentgenograms in six of eight showed hyaline membrane disease. Pulmonary pathologic specimens in eight infants revealed hyaline membranes in six and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the alveolar spaces in four. In two infants, small Gram-negative bacilli were noted within proteinaceous exudates in alveolar ducts. The route and time of infection in these infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis are unclear. However, the possibility that the infection occurs before birth and that these infants represent septically aborted prematures is suggested by the high incidence of prematurity in infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis and early detection of bacteremia in three infants. PMID- 704200 TI - Enterobacter aerogenes primary bacteremia in pediatric patients. AB - Enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia associated with the infusion of contaminated admixed intravenous (IV) fluid occurred in seven patients in a pediatric hospital over a five-day period. Clinical illness was characterized by spiking fever in all patients. The temporal clustering of cases allowed for rapid recognition of the problem. The primary control measure was the prompt replacement of the IV fluids, although IV antibiotics were also administered. Hospital pharmacy practices for admixing IV solutions should follow published recommendations to minimize this source of potential contamination of fluids. PMID- 704201 TI - Decreased heart rate variation in decerebration syndrome: quantitative clinical criterion of brain death? AB - Heart rate variation (HRV) was measured in 12 children with brain death. Computer analysis demonstrated an overall heart rate variation (RMSM) of 3.5 to 9.6 msec (mean, 6.0 msec). The respective figures for beat-to-beat variation (RMSSD) were 4 to 16 msec (mean, 7.7 msec). Normal infants (RMSM, 20 to 30 msec) and children (RMSM, 50 to 90 msec) and infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RMSM, 10 to 20 msec) have a clearly higher HRV than those with brain death. In all subjects a periodic component of the HRV with a cycle length of 5.9 +/- 0.26 seconds was discovered. In five patients an additional periodic component was found that corresponded exactly to the rate of artificial respiration. This study demonstrated the value of accurate digital techniques in the characterization of fixed heart rate in decerebration. This phenomenon could be considered one clinical criterion of brain death. PMID- 704202 TI - Chromosome damage in infants and children after cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. AB - Current diagnostic cardiac studies in infants and children result in longer x-ray exposure times and in more angiocardiograms per patient. Blood samples removed before and immediately after such studies in 20 infants and children have shown chromosome damage in all. The damage was equal to an in vitro absorbed dose in the range of 20 to 50 rads. Since the effect was considerably greater than that calculated from the x-ray exposure dose to the patient, it is concluded that the damage is mainly due to the contrast agent used in angiocardiography. Long-term follow-up studies on such patients are indicated. PMID- 704203 TI - Echographic ventricular systolic time intervals in normal term and preterm neonates. AB - Right ventricular and left ventricular systolic time intervals (RVSTIs and LVSTIs) were measured in normal term and preterm infants from 1 hour to 90 days of life. LVSTIs in both term and preterm infants were similar in the first five days of life. The ratio of left pre-ejection period (LPEP) to left ventricular ejection time (LVET) was lower in preterm infants older than age 5 days. Estimated gestational age had no influence on LVSTI. The ratio of right pre ejection period (RPEP) to right ventricular ejection time (RVET) was lower in preterm infants (0.32) than in term newborns (0.37). The preterm RPEP/RVET ratio decreased with age, but at a slower rate than in term babies. This was consistent with the lower pulmonary vascular resistance present in preterm infants. PMID- 704204 TI - Ventricular tachyarrhythmia due to cardiac sarcoidosis in a child. AB - Cardiac involvement by systemic sarcoidosis is well known, but occurs rarely. It usually manifests as either heart block, heart failure due to direct myocardial involvement, or cor pulmonale. We present the case of a patient with cardiac sarcoidosis who had ventricular tachycardia and congestive heart failure. Although there was other organ system involvement, the cardiac manifestation was the first to become clinically apparent. Therapy consisted of quinidine sulfate to control the arrhythmias and chronic diuretic therapy to control congestive heart failure. Steroid therapy was initially associated with recurrence of the ventricular tachycardia and was discontinued. It was reinstituted 18 months later when other organ system involvement developed with no recurrence of the ventricular tachyarrhythmia. The patient responded well to therapy and is currently doing well. This case is presented to illustrate a somewhat unusual, but nevertheless important, etiology of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The recognition of underlying sarcoidosis is critical because of the propensity for other organ system involvement by this disease process. PMID- 704205 TI - Evaluating indirect blood pressure measurement techniques: a comparison of three systems in infants and children. AB - The systemic arterial blood pressures obtained in infants and children utilizing three indirect measuring devices--Arteriosonde 1010. Infrasonde 3000, Pedisphyg system--were compared to each other and to intra-arterial pressure measured directly. The results indicate that Arteriosonde performs considerably better than Infrasonde; nevertheless, the Arteriosonde values are often only approximations of true systole and diastole. The Pedisphyg system yields accurate, reproducible values for systole; however, the system is not designed to determine diastolic blood pressure. PMID- 704206 TI - Sodium concentration of homemade baby foods. AB - Ingestion of excess salt may be an important factor in the development of hypertension in individuals who are predisposed to this disease genetically or through environmental factors. Some physicians and consumer groups have encouraged mothers to prepare their own baby foods, in part because of their concern that the physiologically unnecessary salt that is added by some commercial baby food manufacturers may lead to hypertension in adult life. This study presents data on the sodium concentration in 70 samples of homemade baby foods prepared by 36 mothers. The mean estimated amount of added salt was 0.41%/weight--64% higher than the maximum recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Home-prepared foods had a sodium concentration 1,005% higher than similar baby food products made by Heinz and Beech-Nut and 24% higher than products made by Gerber. The data suggest that advice to parents to prepare their own baby food or to feed their infant food from the table should be tempered with the knowledge that these foods may contain higher salt concentrations than the commercial baby foods. PMID- 704207 TI - Hemorrhagic retinopathy in a patient with cystic fibrosis. AB - A 21-year-old woman with a history of chronic lung disease secondary to cystic fibrosis (CF) developed an acute hemorrhagic retinopathy during exposure to moderately high altitude. Although retinal hemorrhages are known to occur in patients with CF, we speculate that the retinopathy in this case was partially related to altitudinal change and that patients with chronic hypoxemia may be predisposed to high-altitude retinopathy at much lower altitudes. PMID- 704208 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of gynecologic disorders in children. AB - During the last five years we have applied diagnostic ultrasound to more than 350 girls under the age of 15 for suspected obstetric and gynecologic disorders. More than 60% of these patients were pregnant and were studied before elective abortion. Many other children were studied for amenorrhea or for the evaluation of a pelvic mass. Sonography has allowed us to successfully distinguish pelvic masses of ovarian origin from those of uterine origin. We have also been able to rule out functioning endocrine tumors in children with precocious puberty. In cases of intersex, sonography has been useful in the older child prior to reconstructive surgery but has played an ancillary role to more invasive procedures in the infant. PMID- 704209 TI - Physiological basis of hyperkinesis treated with methylphenidate. PMID- 704210 TI - Sustained-release theophylline therapy for chronic childhood asthma. AB - The efficacy of continuous, around-the-clock sustained-release (S-R) theophylline therapy, adjusted to approximate serum or plasma steady state theophylline concentrations (Tc) of 15 microgram/ml three hours following the last dose, was assessed in 18 children suffering from moderately severe chronic asthma. Two of the three formulations studied, Slo-Phyllin Gyrocaps and Theo-Dur, had excellent bioavailability and produced stable therapeutic Tc throughout an eight-hour dosing interval, using average doses of 8.7 +/- 0.5 and 8.4 +/- 0.6 (SE) mg/kg/dose, respectively. Pulmonary function responses paralleled Tc and were also stable throughout the dosing interval. Aerolate provided comparatively less stability, and higher doses (11.3 +/- 0.7 mg/kg) were necessary to produce therapeutic Tc. Toxicity was not evident when dosage was adjusted to avoid Tc exceeding 20 microgram/ml. S-R theophylline therapy, with the use of formulations of acceptable bioavailability, provides excellent control of chronic childhood asthma, offers the advantage of extended dosing intervals, and encourages improved patient cooperation in drug compliance. PMID- 704211 TI - Child psychiatric consultation in pediatrics. AB - The results of a three-month study of the incidence of child psychiatric consultation requests in three different locations (emergency room, primary care center, and pediatric wards) within a pediatric service in a teaching hospital are reported here. Future trends and roles for child psychiatry and pediatric collaboration are discussed. PMID- 704212 TI - Sexual abuse, another hidden pediatric problem: the 1977 C. Anderson Aldrich lecture. PMID- 704213 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Drugs. Effect of medication during labor and delivery on infant outcome. PMID- 704214 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Drugs. Camphor: Who needs it? PMID- 704215 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Zinc. PMID- 704216 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Drugs. Treatment of congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 704217 TI - Simplified technique for tympanocentesis. PMID- 704218 TI - Pyloroduodenal atresia (diaphragm type): an autosomal recessive disease. PMID- 704219 TI - The burned-out missionary. PMID- 704220 TI - TV update. PMID- 704222 TI - Neonatal mortality. PMID- 704221 TI - Accident prevention and health education: back to the drawing board? PMID- 704223 TI - A question about a Committee Statement. PMID- 704224 TI - Projecting pediatric practice patterns: a survey by the American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Manpower. PMID- 704225 TI - [Platelet aggregation in vitro: reflections and considerations]. PMID- 704226 TI - [Neurological complications of cholera vaccination in childhood (epidemiological studies, clinical aspects, follow-up)]. PMID- 704227 TI - [Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn infants: clinico-radiological findings]. PMID- 704228 TI - [Withdrawal syndrome in newborn infants of drug-addicted mothers. Clinico pathological considerations on 2 cases]. PMID- 704229 TI - [Case reports of I-cell disease]. PMID- 704230 TI - [A case of scimitar syndrome: clinical and angiocardiographic findings]. PMID- 704231 TI - [Clinical considerations on a case of trisomy D]. PMID- 704232 TI - [Clinical and etiopathogenetic aspects of a case of congenital calcifying chondroangiography (intermediate variety, monomelic form)]. PMID- 704233 TI - [Psycho-sociological and electroencephalographic study of a normal school-age population in Haute-Normandie]. PMID- 704234 TI - [Myocardial fibrosis in Shwachman's syndrome: pathogenic discussion of cardiac complications]. PMID- 704236 TI - [Long-term psychopathologic evolution in 10 patients with thyroid insufficiency]. PMID- 704235 TI - [Dystelphalangy]. PMID- 704237 TI - [A case of progressive bulbar paralysis in a child]. PMID- 704238 TI - Split-interval illusion: size of effect with pulse-bounded durations. AB - The magnitude of the split-interval illusion was measured by method of constant stimuli, with variable intervals between 700 and 1300 msec. and a 1000-msec. standard. All intervals were bounded by 20-msec.-1-kHz pulses and contained a single 20-msec.-2-kHz pulse which either split the interval in a 25:75 ratio or a 75:25 ratio. Intervals split early were overestimated relative to equivalent intervals split late by an average of 8.4% of the 1000-msec. standard. PMID- 704239 TI - WAIS subtest score characteristics of institutionalized mentally retarded samples. AB - Scaled scores on WAIS subtests were compared among five samples of institutionalized mentally retarded (aged 16 to 71 yr.) from the East Coast (N = 509), West Coast (N = 436), and three from the Midwest (Ns = 113, 51, and 111). Four of the five samples showed high correlations between the mean profiles suggesting that the performance of the mentally retarded is reliable across geographical locations. Reasons for the discrepancies between these four samples and the fifth sample are discussed. PMID- 704240 TI - Failure to relate academic ability to the lateral eye-shift in elementary school children. AB - Correlates of academic ability such as creativity, language use, locus of control, and achievement were not related to the lateral eye-shift for 147 sixth grade children. The lack of findings suggests a developmental emphasis in future research. PMID- 704241 TI - Correlates of the tourniquet ischemia pain ratio. AB - The Tourniquet Ischemia Pain Ratio was developed as a measure of pain. The present study examined the relationship between the ratio and other measures thought to be relevant to a patient's perception of, and reaction to, chronic pain. The ratio was correlated with the patient's estimate of the pain, the perceived impact of the pain on daily life, the degree of reactive depression, and a measure of hypochondriasis. The ratio relates to both pain and hypochondriacal tendencies. PMID- 704242 TI - Effects of speech therapy on aphasics' responses to Functional Communication Profile. AB - Protocols of the Functional Communication Profile were compared for 17 treated and 18 untreated aphasic patients. All subjects were post-CVA, right-handed, right hemiplegic native speakers of English representing fluent, non-fluent and global aphasics. All treated patients received a minimum of a half hour of individual and an hour of group speech therapy daily, for 8 wk. during a period between 4 and 12 wk. post-onset. Statistical comparisons of treated and untreated groups did not yield significant differences. Patients who received traditional speech therapy could not be differentiated from untreated control patients. PMID- 704243 TI - Activity analysis of operant behavior following methylphenidate administration. AB - 13 male Long-Evans hooded rats were tested on a CRF-50 reinforcement schedule. Total response time as well as time and total activity responses away from the bar were significantly influenced by injections of methylphenidate (1.2 mg/kg I.P.). In general, the data supported previous findings of reduced response rate to the drug. However, methylphenidate (a CNS stimulant) increased activity that was not related to bar pressing. Analysis of activity response to drug should include total time and activity as well as operant rates. PMID- 704244 TI - Effects of tobacco, time on task, and stimulus speed on judgments of velocity and time. AB - 16 college students were required to predict the time of target arrival for a stimulus apparently moving horizontally to a point of occlusion and to reproduce the time interval the stimulus was present under smoking and no-smoking conditions. Tobacco resulted in underestimations of velocity and time judgments particularly in the early stage of the task and for the slowest stimulus speed. PMID- 704245 TI - On validity of hypotheses derived from the Rorschach: IV. The unique affective pull of the cards. AB - Content analysis of the Rorschach had led to the notion that each card possessed some unique affective pull. Research testing the validity of that hypothesis was reviewed. Of all the cards only three seemed to have a unique affective connotation, viz., Cards III and X elicit pleasant affective responses, Card IV unpleasant ones. The research methodology was critically assessed and recommendations for future research were offered. PMID- 704246 TI - Field independence and attitudes toward population control. AB - The hypothesis that differences between field independence and dependence would lead to different attitudes about population control activities was tested using 37 students as subjects. The Hidden Figures Test was used to measure field independence while an author-developed scale assessed attitudes. Expected relationships were found; field-independent persons were more independent of the opinions of others, agreed with active population control measures, and were in favor of smaller family size. PMID- 704247 TI - Diagnostic efficiency of the Trail Making Test as a function of cut-off score, diagnosis, and age. AB - This study is a reinvestigation of the effectiveness of the Trail Making Test in discriminating between brain-damaged (n = 51) and pseudoneurologic (n = 72) subjects. All subjects were hospitalized male veterans at the Allen Park Veterans Administration Hospital. An analysis of covariance showed that the pseudoneurologic subjects performed at a significantly higher level than the brain-damaged subjects. Further analysis with two different cut-off scores exhibited unequal discriminatory power throughout the whole range of Trail Making Test scores. These results suggested diagnosing only when the scores were 9 or lower and 13 or higher. This use of extreme scores resulted in an over-all hit rate of 87% in the study. Comparisons with five major subgroupings of the pseudoneurologic subjects yielded only one significant difference: more accurate discrimination with the 12 cut-off score between 10 general-medical and peripheral nerve-damaged subjects (100% correct) and 18 psychotic subjects (39% accuracy). PMID- 704248 TI - Failure of the Bender-Gestalt and Wechsler tests to differentiate children with and without seizure disorders. AB - The Bender-Gestalt and WISC or WISC-R performances of two groups of 19 emotionally disturbed children matched in age age (9-1 to 16-7) and Full Scale IQ were compared. Each child is one group had a medically documented seizure disorder; a matched child in the other group had no present or past indications of organicity. Neither Bender-Gestalt errors nor Wechsler IQs or Deviation Quotients differed significantly between the two groups. The emotionally disturbed children with seizure disorders could not be differentiated from the other emotionally disturbed children solely on the basis of Bender-Gestalt and Wechsler test scores. PMID- 704249 TI - Some clinical interpretations of the Haptic Intelligence Scale for adult blind. AB - The structure of the over-all test and subtest designs of the Haptic Intelligence Scale for Adult Blind fosters inferences that what is being measured is the same, or similar to, the Performance subscales of the WAIS. The implied assumption that, while the task is similar, performance without seeing may not be interpreted differently is questioned. Theoretical notions, in part, derived from the Dutch psychologist, Revesz, are employed to interpret what is being assessed in terms of non-visual sensory input, resultant differences in modes of recognition and structuring of the stimulus, and tasks involved. Analysis is done on two levels: (a) The over-all test results as a measure of non-verbal cognitive adaptation to and ability to employ touch and movement in a variety of tasks; and (b) the subtests as to mental functions involved, the clinical cues that can be derived from performance of the tasks, and instances of marked differences in scores earned on one subtest relative to other subtests. PMID- 704250 TI - A novel reinforcement procedure for use in perceptual experiments with normal and language-impaired children. AB - A novel reinforcement procedure for use with young children with or without language impairments has been devised which adds intrinsic interest to otherwise tedious clinical or experimental sessions and has a low rate of satiation. The procedure involves the child "winning" colorful stickers to make a picture throughout testing sessions. PMID- 704251 TI - Empathy, gender, and training as factors in the identification of normal infant cry-signals. AB - The effects of empathy, gender, and training on the ability to identify 4 infant cry-signals (birth, hunger, pain, and pleasure) were studied in 89 college students (ages 18 to 30 yr.), all of whom were low in experience as caregivers to infants. Subjects with training scored significantly higher than those without in identifying all but the pleasure cry-signal. Subjects low in empathy scored significantly better than subjects high in empathy in recognizing the birth cry signal. Gender made no difference. Brief training may make the crucial difference in the development of this ability. Implications for parenting and infant care are discussed. PMID- 704252 TI - Psychometric correlates of pain perception. AB - There is disagreement in the literature as to whether responsivity to painful stimuli possesses psychometric correlates. A series of methodological and statistical factors are specified in this paper which could account for the equivocality of the literature. A series of experiments were performed in which (a) various methodological and statistical issues were first resolved and (b) psychometric correlates of pain perception were then identified by means of a stepwise multiple regression procedure. The criterion variable consisted of the psychophysical judgment of pain during a 2-min. exposure to a 3,000 gm. force on the periosteum of the left fore-finger's second digit. The predictor variables consisted of selected psychological states and traits measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Somatic Perception Questionnaire, Depression Adjective Checklist, Profile of Mood States, Eysenck Personality Inventory, and the Embedded Figures Test. The test-retest reliability of the pain test ranged from .64 to .84 across trials separated by a 3-wk. period. In the first experiment significant multiple regressions ranging between .57 and .72 were observed and psychological traits (field dependence, extraversion and trait anxiety) accounted for the variance in these analyses. In the next experiment significant multiple Rs ranging from .62 to .68 were observed. This served as cross-validation for the first experiment. The major difference was that psychological states (depression and vigor) as well as traits entered the multiple regression equations for certain of the analyses. It was concluded that selected psychological states and traits are significantly correlated with the perception of pain. PMID- 704253 TI - Taste profiles from single human taste papillae. AB - Earlier psychophysical research on single human fungiform taste papillae employed a procedure which limited subjects to selecting only one taste to describe the sensations they experienced. That procedure precludes the possibility of determining whether single papillae can mediate complex tastes, i.e., tastes consisting of more than one sensation experienced simultaneously. By using highly trained subjects and allowing them freedom to describe all sensations simultaneously elicited by a given taste stimulus, single papilla taste profiles were obtained. It is suggested that obtaining taste profiles may increase the utility of single papillae as models for study of the taste system. PMID- 704254 TI - Perceptions of movement patterns: recall of movement. AB - The present study attempted to characterize the perception retention, and recall of kinaesthetic information regarding movement sequences (patterns). An attempt was made to draw on and extend conclusions relevant to simple movements (movement amplitude). One group of 10 blindfolded subjects recalled criterion movement patterns that had been actively commanded and 10 subjects recalled passively induced movements. The following conclusions were made. (1) Previous reports of algebraic errors in the recall of simple movement amplitudes are consistency with the finding that criterion perimeter, area, and depth of features were underestimated when recalled. (2) Measures of the accuracy of kinaesthetic perception do not alone account for the generally low level of pattern recall, the large range of individual differences or the underestimation of amplitude. The process of percept formation and of translating a percept into recalled movement are implicated. (3) Conclusions based on the short-term retention and recall of simple movements do not account for the coding, retention, and recall of movement sequences (patterns). (4) Percepts were formed, and patterns were recalled as a sequence of features but not as a sequence of key positions. (5) No direct difference was demonstrated between the recall of actively commanded and passively induced criterion movement patterns. However, the finding of a high gross angle change in the active condition was explained in terms of an unfavourable interaction between corollary discharge and sensory information. PMID- 704255 TI - On the relationship between reflection-impulsivity and field-dependence- independence. PMID- 704256 TI - Field independence and recognition of trait names in an incidental learning paradigm. AB - Field-dependent individuals are known to be superior to field-independent individuals at recognizing socially relevant material in an incidental learning paradigm. The present study tested the hypothesis that this superiority is moderated by the target-relatedness of distractors. The stimuli were trait names. To assess recognition memory a recognition list was used with distractors differing in degrees of relatedness to the targets. Results indicate that the relationship of field-dependence to false recognition of distractor traits is moderated by the target-relatedness of the latter. PMID- 704257 TI - Anxiety levels of beginning Scuba students. AB - Anxiety levels of 29 beginning Scuba students in college classes were determined at rest and prior to standardized Scuba tests. Resting trait and state anxiety levels were significantly lower than norms. Only moderate increases in state anxiety were noticed throughout the testing sequence. PMID- 704258 TI - Sex differences in hemispheric asymmetry revisited. AB - 56 male and 56 female familial right-handers were given a tachistoscopic task requiring recognition of trigrams presented binocularly and vertically in the right or left visual field for individuality determined brief durations. Both males and females obtained a significant superiority in the right visual field and significant laterality coefficients indicative of processing by the left hemisphere. Implications for research on sex differences in hemispheric asymmetry are discussed. PMID- 704259 TI - Sex, video-taped feedback and modeling effects on motor performance. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction of augmented information feedback and sex on accuracy and form of an overarm throwing pattern. In Exp. 1, a female model on video-tape was employed for instruction and recall of imposed form by 16 male and 16 female undergraduates. The original hypothesis that indeed there would be an interaction between the subjects' sex and type of augmented information feedback was not observed. In Exp. 2, essentially the same procedures were employed with another, similar group of subjects and several significant results were observed. The data suggest successive investigations to explore the possible effects of the model's sex on motor performance. PMID- 704260 TI - Temporal patterns of the use of non-prescribed drugs: some behavioral correlates. AB - Previous studies of the temporal patterns of the use of non-prescribed psychoactive drugs have been primarily limited to users' self-reports. Two behavioral indicators, times of arrest for driving while intoxicated and times of calls to a drug information service, yield temporal patterns very similar to those obtained from users' reports. PMID- 704261 TI - Effect of heart-rate control training on heart-rate discrimination. AB - 4 subjects were exposed to discrimination-testing procedures before and later biofeedback training to increase and decrease their heart rates. Results indicated significant increases and decreases in heart rate, as well as a significant improvement in accuracy of discrimination. The results suggest improvements in discrimination may occur as a function of feedback training. PMID- 704262 TI - Job satisfaction and perceived congruence of attitude between workers and supervisors in a mental health setting. AB - The Community Mental Health Ideology Scale and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire were administered to the staff of an outpatient treatment facility. Perceived congruence of attitude and job satisfaction including working conditions, pay, agency policy, and other variables were examined. Congruence of attitude between worker and supervisor was positively related to satisfaction with supervisor and agency policy. There were differences among the various disciplinary groups with those workers who had the least education tending to be satisfied in more spheres than those with more education or advanced professional degrees. PMID- 704263 TI - Rorschach human movement responses of acting-out and withdrawn adolescents. AB - Rorschach human movement responses of 20 male and 20 female acting-out and withdrawn adolescents were scored according to flexor/extensor/blocked categories. Comparison of the two groups showed: (a) All subjects produced more extensor M than the other two M categories, (b) Acting-out adolescents produced more extensor M than the withdrawn subjects, (c) The two groups did not differ in number of flexor or blocked M. Extensor M seems to tap a propensity for acting out, while flexor and blocked M do not differentiate the two groups of children. PMID- 704264 TI - Information variables in voluntary control and classical conditioning of heart rate: field dependence and heart-rate perception. AB - Two experiments focused on two information variables relevant to changes in heart rate, field dependence and the ability to perceive one's own heart rate. In Exp. I, 14 field-independent and 17 field-dependent subjects completed a heart-rate perception and a voluntary heart-rate control task. The anticipated superiority in heart-rate control by field-independent subjects was detected although no evidence was found for a relationship between the amount of biofeedback available in the situation and voluntary control of the cardiovascular system. Exp. II involved 9 field-independent and 8 field-dependent subjects in a classical conditioning paradigm involving shock sensitivity. In contrast with Exp. I, in this phase of the study heart-rate increases were correlated with the ability of the subject to discriminate heart beats, especially for the field-independent group. It was concluded that field dependence and heart-rate perception are related to classically conditioned heart-rate increase for some subjects and further that field dependence may be a potent variable operating in those situations involving the voluntary control of heart rate without exteroceptive feedback. PMID- 704265 TI - Correlations among children's academic achievement, strength, motor skills, and self-control. PMID- 704266 TI - A review of heart-rate variability and evaluation. AB - A review of the literature concerning heart rate and various forms of heart-rate variability and studies of behavior associated with these variables has been presented. Emphasis has been placed on the apparent discrepancies and inconsistencies reported within the literature as well as major methodological differences which make the integration of the data presented by various researchers almost impossible. PMID- 704267 TI - Apparent movement of successively generated subjective figures. AB - In the present studies a pair of random-dot frames was constructed so that two areas in the first frame (f1) were correlated with two areas in the second frame (f2). The alternation of the pair of frames (an f1--f2 sequence) gave rise to two subjective figures. When two pairs of randomdot frames (an f1--f2 sequence and an f3--f4 sequence), each of which produced two subjective figures in different locations, were thmeselves alternated, the subjective figures from the f1--f2 sequence interacted with the subjective figures from the f3--f4 sequence to produce apparent movement. With any one of the four general kinds of displays which we constructed, subjects usually perceived only one of two types of subjective-figure movement. The type of movement that was perceived with a given display depended primarily upon the degree of change (across the interval between an f1--f2 and an f3--f4 sequence) of the internal structure of the successively generated subjective figures. Relative intensity differences between the subjective figures and their backgrounds influenced the type of apparent movement seen, whereas variations in the density of elements in a display did not. We tentatively propose a two-stage model to explain the apparent movement of the subjective figures: the first stage is assumed to generate the subjective figures by means of a cross-correlation of the intensity distributions of the two frames within an f1--f2 sequence and within an f3--f4 sequence; on the basis of inputs from the first stage, the second stage generates apparent movement signals for the subjective figures. PMID- 704268 TI - Reaching in very young infants. AB - It has been claimed that reaching to visually presented targets is a valid indicator of perceptual capacity in very young infants. In a previous report we failed to replicate the findings on which that claim is based. Here we reanalyze some of the tapes of the first report, using a less restricted criterion for what constitutes a reach, and a much more detailed analysis of the various components of reaching behaviour. A number of components are readily distinguished and reliably observed. Infants of seven to twenty-one days show great individual variation in their reaching, from no such behaviour to a great deal. Certain clusters of the components of reaching can be used to define different reaching "styles". The infants who reached most frequently in our sample all showed a dominant pattern of reaching, which in certain respects appears to be more mature than that of other babies. The finer analysis revealed no differences in the reaching behaviour to objects and pictures of objects, even among the most active reachers. PMID- 704269 TI - Generation of synthetic male and female walkers through manipulation of a biomechanical invariant. AB - Synthetic versions of human walkers were generated by computer as point-light displays. Previously it had been determined that the natural gaits of males and females differ according to the extent of movement at the shoulder and the hip. These movements were measured and then used to synthesize the stimuli used in the present study. These stimuli are shown here to be identified by untrained viewers as male when the shoulder movement is greater than the hip movement, and female when the configuration is reversed. Because of the coherence of the display lights representing the shoulder and hip are not necessary for gender recognition, although they do increase performance level. Hypernormality and heavy-footedness in gait are also discussed. Finally, all results are linked to an underlying biomechanical invariant, the center of moment. PMID- 704270 TI - Form-colour aftereffects: selectivity to local luminance contrast. AB - For long periods observers fixated low spatial frequency coloured gratings. Black and white test gratings of the same spatial frequency and orientation as the adapting gratings appeared coloured with the hue complementary to the adapting patterns when the dark test stripes fell on retinal areas previously occupied by the dark adapting stripes; no colour or very weak colour was seen when the test gratings were reversed in phase (contrast reversed). No colour aftereffects were produced with coloured gratings that lacked luminance contrast. The selectivity to the polarity of local luminance contrast can be explained by mechanisms that respond conjointly to colour and luminance contrast. The aftereffects are selective to spatial phase. PMID- 704271 TI - Form aftereffect contingent upon a colour shift. AB - After prolonged fixation of coloured gratings of low spatial frequency, images of the gratings can be elicited up to 90 min thereafter when the colour of a spatially homogeneous test field is suddenly changed. Only adapting gratings with luminance contrast induce clear aftereffects. Control experiments rule out afterimages as an explanation of the aftereffects. PMID- 704272 TI - Contrast sensitivity function for stereopsis. AB - Contrast thresholds for stereopsis from narrow-band-filtered random-dot stereograms were compared with contrast thresholds for simple detection of similar narrow-band noise. Centre frequencies of filters were in the range 2.5- 15 cycles deg(-1). It was found that the contrast sensitivity function for stereopsis is similar in shape to that for detection, suggesting that as far as contrast requirements are concerned the mechanisms of global stereopsis do not show a bias in sensitivity to any particular spatial frequency but instead require a constant level of suprathreshold contrast regardless of spatial frequency. PMID- 704273 TI - Stereopsis masking in humans is not orientationally tuned. AB - A stereopsis signal carried by an oriented random texture and masked by a similar noise texture is not unmasked when the orientation of the noise is rotated. This result is discussed in connection with the orientational tuning of local and global stereopsis processes. PMID- 704274 TI - The cat's response to stimulus difference as attention focus and cue. AB - The cat's response to visual difference targets in figure-ground and figure figure arrays (a unique target figure in a field of contrasting identical figures) was studied. Subjects approached the targets of the figure-ground arrays readily when they were presented in a training series, learning to use them as cues to the location of a food reward, and showing no disturbance when stimulus aspects of the arrays were reversed. Response to the figure-figure targets during training was more variable. Some were approached promptly, but others, especially those involving interchanging of target and background elements, required considerable training before consistent approach was achieved. Subjects selected the target with significant frequency in test series with novel figure-ground arrays, even after only brief training; they did not, however, select the target in novel figure-figure arrays until they had extended experience with training stimuli. PMID- 704275 TI - Analysis of the detection of a moving line. AB - A model is proposed to explain the effects of line motion on visual sensitivity. The model incorporates recent evidence for parallel "pattern" and "flicker" systems. An element of either system consists of a spatial filter followed by a temporal filter; the characteristics of these filters were derived from previous psychophysical measurements. The model may be used to demonstrate why visual sensitivity to optimum triangular-wave motion is greater than for optimum square wave motion, which, in turn, is greater than for on-off presentation. The predictions of the model are in reasonable agreement with threshold-amplitude data for triangular-wave and square-wave motion; the model is also consistent with threshold-frequency data for small-amplitude sinusoidal motion. PMID- 704276 TI - Lability of odor pleasantness: influence of mere exposure. AB - Subjects judged the pleasantness of various odorants both before and after intensive exposure to a pleasant, a neutral, or an unpleasant odorant, or a short period of relaxation. Intensive exposure comprised a 30 min task of intensity discrimination. The outcome implied that exposure to an odorant can modify its own pleasantness readily, but not so readily that of other odorants. Exposure to the pleasant lemon-smelling substance citral reduced its subsequent pleasantness, whereas exposure to the unpleasant rancid-smelling substance isobutyric acid reduced its subsequent unpleasantness. The results were compatible with the notion of affective habituation. Variability of the pleasantness judgments was uniform throughout the hedonic continuum. That is, subjects agreed as much about hedonically neutral odors as about extremely pleasant and unpleasant odors. PMID- 704277 TI - Illusory dilatation of square surfaces. AB - The aim of the present research was to study illusory dilatation of surfaces isolating some factors contributing to this phenomenon. A series of displays (8.5 cm x 8.5 cm) was prepared: a white square card and five square cards with a uniform pattern of black dots, increasing gradually. The displays were presented to two different groups of subjects, according to the method of paired comparisons and according to the method of limits (under conditions of reduced viewing) respectively. The subjects were asked to evaluate the relative magnitude of the displays. The textured cards significantly differed from the white standard and also among themselves. Up to a threshold, as the dots increase, the surfaces expand as well. PMID- 704278 TI - Iris pigmentation and visual-geometric illusions. AB - Blur or degrading of the retinal image has been shown to be a factor in the formation of visual-geometric illusions where intersecting line elements are present. Light irises allow more scattered light within the eye, which results in more image degradation than found in dark-eyed subjects. Measurements on 755 observers show that illusion magnitude varies as a function of iris pigmentation for a configuration with intersecting line elements (Muller-Lyer illusion), but not for a configuration devoid of such features (Ebbinghaus illusion). PMID- 704279 TI - On reexamining Fortes' data: some implications of drawings made by children who have never drawn before. AB - Spontaneous drawings made by Tale subjects who had never drawn before, obtained by Fortes in the 1930s, are compared with those made by subjects coming from the same population who had learned to draw under Western influence. The disparity of styles of these drawings, it is argued, shows that it would be erroneous to suggest that a universal "grammar of drawing" can be derived by examination of drawings obtained from Western populations only. Such rare data from remote cultures offer therefore important safeguards against ethnocentricity in psychological theorising. PMID- 704280 TI - Theoretical and empirical comparison of Luce's choice model and logistic Thurstone model of categorical judgment. PMID- 704281 TI - Binocular detection by normal and stereoblind observers. PMID- 704282 TI - Saccadic eye movements and localization of visual stimuli. PMID- 704283 TI - Target-mask similarity in backward recognition masking of perceived tone duration. PMID- 704284 TI - Visual detection of line segments: two exceptions to the object superiority effect. PMID- 704285 TI - Visual influences on speech perception processes. PMID- 704286 TI - Improvement in vernier acuity with practice. PMID- 704287 TI - Mental rotation under head tilt: factors influencing the location of the subjective reference frame. PMID- 704288 TI - Tachistoscopic perception under head tilt. PMID- 704289 TI - Temporal frequency response characteristic of motion channels measured with three different psychophysical techniques. PMID- 704290 TI - Induction of the McCollough effect I: figural variables. PMID- 704291 TI - DDT moratorium in Arizona--agricultural residues after seven years. AB - The moratorium on agricultural use of DDT in Arizona that began in January 1969 proved very effective during the first 7 years of enforcement. Residues on green alfalfa declined significantly to a probable inherent level of 0.02 ppm wet weight. Soil residues of sigmaDDT-related degradation products declined significantly, averaging 23 percent; residues in desert soils declined 60 percent. The sigmaDDT half-life in irrigated soils was about 7 years; it decreased to 2.5 years in nonirrigated soils. PMID- 704292 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbons and mercury in birds of Lake Paijanne, Finland--1972-74. PMID- 704293 TI - Mirex incorporation in estuarine animals, sediment, and water, Mississippi Gulf Coast--1972-74. AB - Analysis of mirex residues in estaurine animals, sediments, and waters collected from the Mississippi Gulf Coast in 1972-74 showed the following ranges of concentrations: seston, 200-3000 ppb; molluscs, 36-500 ppb; fish, 0-259 ppb; sediment, 3-5ppb; and water, 0-0.01 ppb. These data indicate that mirex in aquatic environments is localized in animal tissues and bottom substrate and that only a negligible amount is incorporated in the water. PMID- 704294 TI - Organochlorine pesticide residues in Florida birds of prey, 1969-76. AB - Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues, especially DDT and its metabolites, were determined in 71 individuals of 14 species of predatory birds obtained in Florida between 1969 and 1976. Of the 71 birds, 68 contained p,p'-DDE or another DDT metabolite; 34 contained dieldrin. DDE was found in 93 percent of the 57 adipose tissue samples, all the 9 brain samples, and 89 percent of the 62 uropygial gland samples. Of the 65 birds taken since 1972, 61 contained DDE in at least one of these three tissues. The annual average of sigmaDDT in adipose tissue and uropygial gland over the 6-year span was approximately 5 ppm wet weight. From 1973 to 1976, no significant increase or decrease in pesticide burdens was detected. Some birds had no DDE whereas others contained up to 76 ppm sigmaDDT. None of the data suggest that any of the birds of prey had died of DDT or DDT metabolite poisoning. PMID- 704295 TI - [Benefit-risk analysis for mass screening of stomach cancer in Japan. II. Genentic risk and cost of mass screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 704296 TI - [Design and evaluation of a semicontinuously variable collimator for a cyclotron neutron radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 704297 TI - Construction of storage, remote afterloader, and treatment facility for californium-252 medical sources, and radiation protection survey. PMID- 704298 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the functional imaging for the diagnosis of renal obstructive diseases (author's transl]. PMID- 704299 TI - [Entrance surface doses in patients during upper gastrointestinal examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 704300 TI - Medical and dental radiological trends in Japan. PMID- 704301 TI - [Background radiation dose and leukemia mortality in north Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 704302 TI - [Evaluation of CT images of pancreas in comparison with ERCP (author's transl)]. PMID- 704303 TI - [Clinical evaluation of CT value of the thyroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 704304 TI - [Renal venography in "essential hematuria" (author's transl)]. PMID- 704305 TI - Foreign bodies radiographically-demonstrated in atomic bomb survivors. PMID- 704306 TI - X-ray examination of adult intussusception, with particular reference to angiographic findings. PMID- 704307 TI - [Radiation therapy of stage I and II Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 704308 TI - [Radiation therapy of stage I-II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 704309 TI - [An analysis on the radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 704310 TI - [A fundamental study of multiwire proportional chamber (author's transl)]. PMID- 704311 TI - [Fundamental studies on X-ray video CT images with and without magnification (author's transl)]. PMID- 704312 TI - [Is it possible to predict leukemias induced by radiotherapy or chemotherapy?]. PMID- 704313 TI - [Cellular immunity skin testing and sepis in intensive care patients : relationship between results and mortality (author's transl)]. AB - In 182 critically ill patients, after admission delayed hyersensitivity skin testing have been systematically performed with 3 antigens (tuberculin, candidin, varidase). Mortality in anergic patients was 55% while it dropped to 19% when at least one response was positive. A highly significant relationship was found between anergy and mortality (p less than 10(-5)) whether death was related to sepsis (p less than 10(-4)) or not (p less than 0.02). In patients with major sepsis, anergy was more frequent (38%) than in non septic patients (21%) (p less than 0.01). In 69 patients skin testing with phytohemagglutinin was performed. Seven out of 8 unresponsive patients were anergic and 5 died. The results suggest that in critically ill patients cellular immunity skin testing may early select high risk patients exposed to septic complication. In these patients several important measures should be promptly taken including superinfections prevention, adapted nutritional intake and septic focus eradication. PMID- 704315 TI - [The treatment of relapsing polychondritis using sulfones. One case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of relapsing polychondritis was successfully treated with a daily dose of 120 mg of diaminodiphenylsulfone. Clinical signs (fever, fatigue, conjunctivitis, chondritis and hoarseness of the voice) rapidly regressed and remain so 8 months later, despite a decrease in the dose. Biological parameters returned to normal (sedimentation rate, plasma perchlorosoluble seromucoids, urinary acid mucopolysaccharides), and histological and ultrastructural lesions of the auricular cartilage disappeared. The pathogenic role of a herpes infection at the beginning of the disease is discussed. PMID- 704314 TI - [An indication for a permanent pacemaker : digitialis therapy for cardiac failure with disturbed atrioventricular conduction (author's transl)]. AB - In twenty patients with advanced heart disease with severe cardiac failure and the presence of conduction disturbances before digitalis therapy, but in whom such disturbances were worsened or revealed by the treatment, it was necessary to insert a permanent pacemaker in order to make effective long term digitalisation possible without the risk of excessive bradycardia or pauses due to worsening of atrioventricular block. Six patients died within a period of 9 days to 34 months after insertion of the pacemaker, two were lost from sight, and the other 12 were followed-up regularly for an average period of 20 months, their condition remaining stationary and, in general, satisfactory. PMID- 704316 TI - [Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis with positive rheumatoid serology and isolated subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules]. PMID- 704317 TI - [Digestive involvement in non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 704318 TI - [Syphilitic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 704319 TI - [Cholestasis in Steinert's disease]. PMID- 704320 TI - [Association of pulmonary aspergillosis and mucoviscidosis. 1 case]. PMID- 704321 TI - [Hepatic involvement in Horton's disease]. PMID- 704322 TI - [Use of injectable albumin]. PMID- 704323 TI - [Cholelithiasis in patients with chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 704324 TI - [Cimetidine and mental confusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 704325 TI - [Pericarditis during Listeria meningitis]. PMID- 704326 TI - [Gastroduodenal polyps in familial colorectal adenomatous polyposis]. PMID- 704327 TI - [Treatment of painful forms of mitral valve prolapse with verapamil]. PMID- 704328 TI - [Hemolytic and uremic syndrome in the adult, presenting as acute colitis]. PMID- 704329 TI - [Severe lactic acidosis during acute alcoholic intoxication in a patient without kidney failure treated with metformin]. PMID- 704330 TI - [False subcapsular hematoma of the liver]. PMID- 704331 TI - [Arterial pressure in the child and adolescent : normal values and the definition of hypertension]. PMID- 704332 TI - Platelet formation in Mediterranean macrothrombocytosis. AB - Platelet size distribution and survival parameters were studied in control subjects and ten subjects presenting Mediterranean macrothrombocytosis. The comparison showed that the latter group maintains a normal platelet circulating mass (thrombocytocrit) by combining normal platelet survival, increased splenic pooling and production of a reduced number of greatly enlarged cells. In addition to offering new insight into the megakaryocytic mechanisms that determine platelet size, the study of Mediterranean macrothrombocytosis indicates that platelet size distributions and survival parameters should be integrated in order to provide a meaningful picture of human platelet kinetics. PMID- 704333 TI - [Electra 600 d : results of a three year study (author's transl)]. AB - Electra 600 D has been used in our laboratory for 3 years. The Quick's prothrombine time is the only test routinely performed with satisfactory results. The measure of activated partial thromboplastin time, the assays of factor II, factor V and complex VII + X are unsatisfactory, probably because of the type of the reagents which are used. PMID- 704334 TI - [Coagulometer H21: an automatic apparatus for coagulation study (author's transl)]. AB - We describe and present a new automatic device to measure the clotting time of a plasma plus reagent mixture by recording the time of transformation : solution to gel. The apparatus is able to perform 50 tests without manual help. Indeed it automatically carries out:--the dispatching of the tested plasma,--the dispatching of the various reagents,--the recording of the clotting time of the sample,--the processing of the data through greater a printer. No contamination is allowed to occur since the tubing and the plates containing the sample are disposable. We obtain accuracy than with the manual method with a coefficient of variation below 3%. PMID- 704335 TI - [Assay of factors VIII and IX using an automatic system. Comparison of one- and two-stage techniques (author's transl)]. AB - The assay of antihemophilic factors is the best test for the diagnosis of hemophilia. It is also necessary to control the products for the substitutive therapy and for monitoring the treatment. The assays may be carried out by a semi automatic technique. The comparison between this technique and the manual techique in two stages shows that the values obtained in one stage are higher than those obtained in two stages. The automatic method in one stage is sufficiently reliable for estimating the hemophilic factors. PMID- 704336 TI - [Evaluation of an automatic clot-sensing instrument : Coag A Pet 200 (author's transl)]. AB - The Coag A Pet 200 is an automatic clot-sensing instrument, with two channels; the variation in the optical density is detected by a photoelectric system. The results are sequentially printed out with the sample number. A critical evaluation of its performance in hospital use over 7 month, is reported. The series of tests thus automated consists of: one stage prothrombin-time, Owren test, activated partial thromboplastin time, analytical determinations of factors II, V, VII + X, VII, IX, XI, XII. The repeatibility is good: CV ranged between 0.5 to 1.5% or 2%, and a high degree of correlation with the standard manual techniques was found: R: 0.93 TO 0.99. This instrument was easy to master, use and maintain. PMID- 704337 TI - [Results of a one year study of Trombolab (author's transl)]. AB - The Trombolab apparatus was purchased to measure thromboplastin time and recalcification clotting time automatically. For this last test, we have not been able to get satisfactory results. However, Thrombolab gives dependable and reproducible results for the thromboplastin time. Its use is easy and its maintenance simple. PMID- 704338 TI - [Trial of an automatic apparatus for coagulation : Auto-Fi Dade (author's transl)]. AB - Auto-Fi Dade has been used for thromboplastin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen determination and a few determinations of factors V, VII + X, II and VIII. The results of the thromboplastin time, using Dade Tromboplastin or thromboplastins from two other commerical firms, show a coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 1.11 to 3.43% for short times and 1.97 to 2.64% for longer times. PMID- 704339 TI - [Statistical study of results of Hemalog D (author's transl)]. AB - The data which Hemalog D obtains from blood samples of non hematologic patients have been analyzed statistically and compared with those obtained from an eye count. As well as usual statistical techniques, i.e. correlation coefficient and paired t-test, a more sophisticated multidimensional method was used : the Factorial Analysis of Correspondences. We have analyzed two samples. For the first sample, that of "all-comers", the reproductibility of the results given by the machine was shown to be excellent, and always superior to that of the eye count. The machinen-technician agreement is reasonably good except for the monocytes and basophiles. The preceeding conclusions were found to be true for the second sample, i.e. "with discrepancies", and in addition, it was shown that an eye count on 400 elements gives a result closer to that of the machine than does a reading on 100 elements. PMID- 704340 TI - [Practical aspects of the routine hospital use of the Hemalog D (author's transl)]. AB - Five months experience with the Hemalog D has enabled the authors to define the mode of integration of the apparatus into a central hematology laboratory of a hospital without a clinical hematology department. The incidence and importance of such factors as the alarms set off by the apparatus, the time-course of blood basophils in patients receiving heparin and the clinical picture in patients for whom the apparatus revealed a peroxidase deficiency are discussed. PMID- 704341 TI - [The system Hemalog D in paediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - The Hemalog D was studied at the Childrens' Hospital to examine its performance in paediatrics. All the subjects studied were children with non-hematologic diseases; both venous and capillary blood samples were taken. The differential was performed in parallel by the Hemalog D and the technicians of the Hematology Laboratory. There was an excellent correlation between the two methods for neutrophils and lymphocytes, a good correlation for eosinophils and a weaker correlation for monocytes and basophils. No difficulties were encountered during the course of the study. It must be noted, however that capillary samples caused a Low Rate alarm to be registered. PMID- 704342 TI - [Use of the LARC system in a laboratory specializing in hematology (author's transl)]. AB - Two thousand consecutive white blood cell counts were simultaneously studied by the LARC system and the traditional manual method. This comparison enables the following four couclusions to be drawn.--The reproducibility of the LARC differential is superior to the traditional method;--The similarity between results obtained by the LARC and the manual method are good, as indicated by scatter-plots and calculated correlation coefficients;--The LARC system can be substituted for the traditional manual method, also for markedly pathologic samples, but in this case at the price of a slowing down of the through-put rate of the system;--The detection of abnormal white cell types is as good or better with the LARC system as compared with the manual method. PMID- 704343 TI - Utilization of the Corning LARC in a clinical laboratory. AB - The author reports the experience of the central laboratory of the Genesee Hospital with the Larc apparatus. This is a 427 bed hospital and the laboratory does 100 to 350 differential white counts daily. The reproducibility of the Larc differential, the correlation with the results obtained manually, and the utility of the Larc in the central laboratory are discussed. PMID- 704344 TI - [Practical experiences with the Hematrak (author's transl)]. AB - This report is based on own practical experiences with the Hematrak during seven months of daily use in the hematologic routine in a general hospital. We describe briefly the operation of the instrument. The importance of the preparation of the slides is stressed. In this respect a device for automatic smear preparation is mentioned. To test the reliability of the instrument the differential counts of the instrument were compared with manual results and regression values calculated. The reproducibility was checked and calculated. The next point of interest was the number and kind of cells determined as "suspect" by the instrument. Finally we tested how pathologic cells were detected and determined by the instrument. PMID- 704345 TI - [A new parameter for chronic lymphocytic leukemia : determination of the large lymphocytes by means of Hemalog D (author's transl)]. AB - The munber of large peripheral lymphoid cells and the ratio of these large unstained cells (LUC) to the total number of peripheral lymphocytes were determined by means of the Hemalog D in 57 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and in 100 controls. While the absolute number of LUC per mm3 is simply a reflection of peripheral lymphocytosis, the ratio LUC/total lymphocyte count was shown to correlate with clinical staging. In controls, this ratio ranged from 3.2% to 11.2%. In CLL is was less than 11.2% in 43 patients and less than 11.2% in 14 patients. This latter group corresponded statistically to patients with advanced disease in our clinical staging system (stages III and IV). An increase in the LUC/total lymphocyte ratio is therefore a statistical criterion of poor prognosis. PMID- 704346 TI - [The computerization of a central hematology and immunology laboratory (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe in this paper the considerations which led to the installation of a computer in an hematology laboratory. The different functions of the system are analyzed. Reception and identification of samples, codes for patients and analysis, print out of working lists, print out of results and monitoring of archives. A new system for differential counts is also described. Advantages of the system are discussed. PMID- 704347 TI - [Data processing in the clinical laboratory (author's transl)]. AB - We will study successively:--the flow of data and biological material into the laboratory and the constitution of the primary message with its attendant areas of possible error generation;--the organization of this data, storage techniques, and methods of information transfer;--common general principles of laboratory organization, constraints to organization inherent in the nature of a given laboratory, and the system of task priority according to the type of laboratory, cases seen and tests required;--perspectives in the development in the handling of results of laboratory tests and diagnostic determinations are briefly discussed. PMID- 704348 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the O gene and of the origin of replication in bacteriophage lambda DNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the O gene in bacteriophage lambda DNA is presented. According to two possible initiator codons, the primary structure of the O protein deduced from the DNA sequence consists of 278 or 299 amino acid residues. Structure and function of the O protein--one of the two phage initiator proteins for lambda DNA replication--are discussed in the light of a secondary structure model for the O protein. The central part of the O gene contains a cluster of symmetrical sequences extending over 160 base pairs. The point mutation of the cis-dominant replication mutant ti12 is located in this region. PMID- 704349 TI - A characterization of mRNA activites and their sequence complexities in Trypanosoma brucei: partial purification and properties of the VSSA mRNA. AB - Polyadenylated RNA isolated from a clone of Trypanosoma brucei was shown to direct the synthesis of a variety of polypeptides in a cell-free system. A predominant 58,000 dalton polypeptide was immunoprecipitated with antisera to the T. brucei variant specific surface antigen (VSSA). The mRNA that directed the synthesis of the VSSA was 2.0 kilobases (kb) long as measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 98% formamide. Complementary DNA was prepared with avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and the nucleotide sequence complexities of the total polysomal poly(A)+RNA and a gel purified VSSA mRNA were measured. 20% of the total cellular poly(A)+RNA contained abundant sequences with an apparent complexity of 9.6 kb; 42% of the purified VSSA mRNA contained abundant sequences with a complexity of 7.2 kb. Complementary DNA synthesized from gel purified VSSA mRNA was hybridized to total cellular poly(A)+RNA isolated from an unrelated T. brucei clone expressing a different variant antigen. A portion of the low complexity RNA sequence component was absent in the heterologous mRNA population but the same plateau of hybridization was achieved (93%). The abundance of some of the low complexity mRNAs appears to be T. brucei clone specific. PMID- 704350 TI - Demonstration of high molecular weight poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose). AB - An electrophoretic system was established that resolves poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose), enzymatically synthesized polymer from NAD+, by size difference of one residue on polyacrylamide gel. The existence of a polymer of at least 65 residues was demonstrated by band counting in this system. The polymer showed a heterogeneous size distribution on the electrophoregram, and the molecular weight of the largest polymer was deduced to be more than 4.5 X 10(5) daltons. The discrepancy between the size, estimated by electrophoresis, and the chain length, determined by the ratio of total radioactivity to that derived from the terminus, suggests that the polymer has a branched structure. PMID- 704351 TI - Dephosphorylation of histones H1 and H3 during the isolation of metaphase chromosomes. AB - Histones have been extracted from isolated metaphase chromosomes prepared by the method of Wray and Sutbblefield [Exp. Cell Res 59, 469-478 (1970)] and by a Nonidet P-40 detergent procedure based on the method of Wigler and Axel [Nucleic Acids Res. 3, 1463-1471 (1976)]. Analysis of the densitometer profiles of long polyacrylamide gels shows that the mitotic phosphorylations of histone H1 (H1M) and histone H3 are extensively depleted during chromosome isolation. These data indicate that CHO metaphase chromosomes prepared by standard methodologies do not represent in vivo chromosomes with respect to their histone phosphorylations; therefore, current chemical and structural studies of isolated metaphase chromosomes may require further clarification. PMID- 704352 TI - Determination of the endpoints of partial deletion mutants of the attachment site of bacteriophage lambda by DNA sequencing. AB - The deletion mutants b508 and b522 of bacteriophage lambda both end within the attachment site. The formation of such deletions is dependent upon the presence of intact integrase, and thus the deletion endpoints may be related to the normal crossover site in site-specific recombination. We have determined the DNA sequences of the attachment site regions of these deletions. Comparison of the sequences with lambda wildtype shows that both the deletions end within the central common homology region but at different positions. The consequences of these findings for current models of site-specific recombination are discussed. PMID- 704353 TI - Electron microscopic evidence for splicing of Moloney murine leukemia virus RNAs. AB - Poly (A) containing RNA extracted from Moloney murine leukemia virus infected mouse cells was hybridized with long single-stranded complementary DNA, prepared in detergent disrupted virions. Visualization of the hybrids in the electron microscope revealed among the structures, circles and circles with tails. Measurements performed on the circular molecules revealed two major species with circumferences corresponding to 3 and 8.2 kilobases. The latter structures had identical size to circles obtained after annealing of cDNA with the viral genome, 35S RNA. Circularization of a small viral RNA (3 kb) from infected cells in the RNA-cDNA hybrids is a direct evidence that like the 35S RNA it shares similar nucleotide sequences at both the 5' and 3' ends. The presence of 5' end sequences common to the two RNA species indicates the existence of a spliced viral RNA. Furthermore, based on the circularization of viral RNA in the hybrids, we suggest a new way to quantitate and determine the lengths of spliced RNA in retrovirus infected cells. PMID- 704354 TI - MspI, an isoschizomer of hpaII which cleaves both unmethylated and methylated hpaII sites. AB - The cleavage of DNA by restriction endonucleases HpaII and HapII is prevented by the presence of a 5-methyl group at the internal C residue of its recognition sequence CCGG. MspI, an isoschizomer of HpaII available from New England Biolabs, cleaves DNA irrespective of the presence of a methyl group at this position. This enzyme cleaves DNA from Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus aphrophilus readily while HpaII and HapII cannot degrade these DNAs. Practically all HpaII sites in mammalian sperm DNA are also protected by methylation at the internal C position since HpaII and HapII barely cleave this DNA (average molecular weight 40 kb). MspI, however, cleaves the DNA to an average size of about 5 kb. PMID- 704355 TI - A model for the single stranded random coil form of polydeoxyadenylic acid from minimum energy conformations of the dimeric subunit. AB - The minimum energy conformations of dApdA have been examined for their suitability as buildings blocks of the single stranded coil form of polynucleotides. Calculations of the characteristic ratio C difference = less than ro greater than 2/n liter2 were made for a polymer generated from all the low energy conformers, as well as for selected combinations. A polymer composed of a conformer with omega', omega = t*,g+,(skewed) psi = t, C-(2)-endo type pucker, in combination with the 'B' form, has a C difference equal to that observed in coils of apurinic acid (6) when the fraction of 'B' form conformers is approximately 25% and approximately 91%. The t*,g+ conformer is the second lowest energy form in the C-(2)-endo puckering domain, following the 'B' form. PMID- 704356 TI - The distribution of DNA repair synthesis in chromatin and its rearrangement following damage with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - The distribution of DNA repair synthesis in the chromatin of confluent human diploid fibroblasts damaged with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene has been studied. Kinetic analysis of staphylococcal nuclease digestion data revealed that initially most of the repair synthesis occurred in nuclease sensitive regions of chromatin. Continuous labeling experiments and pulse chase experiments indicated that with time much of the 3H dThd initially incorporated into nuclease sensitive regions during repair appeared in nuclease resistant regions. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate that these resistant regions were core DNA. In agreement with previous findings [Smerdon, M.J. and Lieberman, M.W., (1978), Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, in press], studies of the time course of this rearrangement and of repair synthesis revealed similar time dependences and suggested a relationship between rates of repair synthesis and chromatin rearrangement. PMID- 704357 TI - Sequence organization of the beta-globin mRNA precursor. AB - The sequence organization of the beta-globin mRNA precursor has been determined directly by analyzing the resistant fragments from the RNase A digestion of the precursor RNA-globin cDNA hybrid. Three fragments are obtained which proves that the beta-globin mRNA sequence in its precursor is split into three discontinuous segments. The two intervening sequences in the beta-globin gene are therefore transcribed and removed during mRNA maturation. PMID- 704358 TI - Polynucleotides. LVI. Synthesis and properties of poly(2-deoxy-2'-fluoroinosinic acid). AB - Poly (2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroinosinic acid) [ poly(If)] was synthesized by polymerization of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroinosine 5'-diphosphate catalyzed by Escherichia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase. Although the UV absorption properties of poly(If) closely resembled those of poly(I), thermal melting curves at Na+ concentrations of 0.15M and 0.75M suggested two ordered structures for poly(If) neutral form. CD psectra taken at 0.15M Na+ concentration showed rather larger amplitudes in both a peak at 273 nm and a trough at 246 nm, suggesting rather strong vertical stacking of bases. When complexed with poly(C), poly(If) forms a double-stranded complex, poly(If).poly(C) which has Tm's higher by 10-20 degrees than those of poly(If).poly(C) measured under the same conditions. The CD spectrum of this complex resembled that of poly(I).poly(C). The effect of the fluorine atom at the 2'-position on thermal stability of polynucleotides is discussed. PMID- 704359 TI - Inhibition of mammalian RNA polymerase by 5,6-dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) and DRB triphosphate. AB - DRB triphosphate inhibits activity of isolated RNA polymerase B, and, to a lesser extent, that of polymerase A. The same holds true for transcription in isolated nuclei. It does not act as an initiation inhibitor. In all cases, high concentrations of DRB triphosphate are required. Cells do not phosphorylate DRB to a measurable extent. hn RNA resistant to DRB is initiated with both ATP and GTP in the presence of the drug. These experiments render the hypothesis unlikely that DRB triphosphate in the cell specifically interferes with the initiation reaction of polymerase B. PMID- 704360 TI - Distribution of 7-methylguanine and of replication sites in the different kinetic classes of DNA from rats treated with dimethylnitrosamine. AB - The distribution of 7-methylguanine in the families of repetitive and unique sequences of rat liver chromatin DNA has been studied using the technique of DNA DNA reassociation. Rats were injected with di[14C]methylnitrosamine and chromatin DNA was prepared 3 h later. The distribution of 7-methylguanine was found to be random between these classes of DNA. We have also studied chromatin DNA from rats treated with unlabelled DMN plus [3H]thymidine in this way, in order to find if DMN affects DNA synthesis within any one kinetic class. Our results suggest that there is no difference in the extent of synthesis between these classes. PMID- 704363 TI - On the use of pooled receiver operating characteristic curves in the evaluation of scintigrams. AB - The assessment of simulated scintigraphic pictures by means of curves based on binary decisions of individual observers called pooled ROC-curves or pooled L-ROC curves is presented. The technique of creating the curve is described. The examples of various processing techniques and the findings of various groups of observers are compared and discussed. The images of two IAEA simulated phantoms were used to perform the evaluation. The results indicate that the pooled L-ROC curves may serve as a measure of image quality. PMID- 704361 TI - Protein dissociation from DNA in model systems and chromatin. AB - Salt induced dissociation of protamine, poly(L-lysine) and poly(L-arginine) from DNA was measured by relative light scattering at theta = 90 degrees and/or centrifugation. Dissociation of histones from DNA was studied using relative light scattering and intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence. Protamine was dissociated from DNA at 0.15 M MgCl2 (ionic strength mu = 0.45) or 0.53 M NaCl (mu = 0.53) based on light scattering data and at approximately 0.2 M MgCl2 (mu = 0.6) or 0.6 M NaCl based on centrifugation data. NaCl induced dissociation of poly(Lys) or poly(Arg) from natural DNAs measured by light scattering did not depend on the guanine plus cytosine content. To dissociate poly(Arg) from DNA higher ionic strength using NaCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2, similar ionic strength using NaClo4, and lower ionic strength using Na2SO4 was needed then to dissociated poly(Lys). Both the decrease in light scattering and the enhancement of tyrosine fluorescence of chromatin occurred between 0.5 and 1.5 M NaCl when histones were dissociated. PMID- 704362 TI - Differential susceptibilities of DNA polymerases-alpha and -beta to polyanions. AB - The effects of various polyanions including synthetic polynucleotides on DNApolymerases-alpha and -beta from blastulae of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and HeLa cells were studied. Only DNA polymerase-alpha was inhibited by polyanions, such as polyvinyl sufate, dextran sulfate, heparin, poly(G), poly(I), poly(U) and poly(ADP-Rib). Of the various polynucleotides tested, poly(G) and poly(I) were the strongest inhibitors. Kinetic studies showed that the Ki value for poly(G) was 0.3 microgram/ml and that poly(G) had 20-fold higher affinity than activated DNA for the template-primer site of DNA polymerase-alpha. Poly(U) and poly(ADP-Rib) were also inhibitory, but they were one hundredth as inhibitory as poly(G) or poly(I). Poly(A), poly(C), poly(A).poly(U) AND POLY(I).poly(C) were not inhibitory to DNA polymerase-alpha. In contrast, DNA olymerase-beta was not affected at all by these polyanions under the same conditions. PMID- 704364 TI - Time-dependent characteristics of Sn-complexes for preparing 99mTc-labelled radiopharmaceuticals and their bioavailabilities--a review. AB - A review is made of some of the factors affecting bioavailability of diagnostic 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals currently used in the practice of nuclear medicine. PMID- 704366 TI - Efficacy of brain scanning in epilepsy of late onset. AB - Brain scans of 513 patients with epilepsy of late onset were analysed with reference to the patient's age and sex and to the nature of convulsion. Only 17 of them showed an abnormal concentration of radionuclide indicating a space occupying lesion in the brain. The findings of those patients who had positive brain scans were correlated with EEG findings. It was found that the incidence of epilepsy of late onset is almost 3 times higher in males than in females and that the age cannot be considered as a criterion for screening the patients for brain scan investigations as far as epilepsy of late onset is concerned. In our opinion, the incidence of 3.3% is not too low. A positive brain scan finding calls for further investigation and helps in deciding the management and further line of treatment of the patients. Moreover, a normal scan rules out the presence of a space-occupying lesion and helps as a screening procedure. PMID- 704367 TI - Iron-dextran enhancement of 67Ga-concentration in abscess relative to normal tissue. AB - Iron-dextran (Imferon) significantly increases the concentration of 67Ga in abscess relative to muscle, when given intravenously to abscess bearing rabbits 24 hr after intravenous, carrier-free 67Ga-citrate. This increase is achieved by accelerating the clearance of 67Ga from the blood. PMID- 704365 TI - The contribution of 197 HgCl2 scintigraphy to the diagnosis of primary lung neoplasms and pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 704368 TI - [Epidemiologic studies on respiratory diseases in Plock. III. Evaluation of dyspnea in case histories in epidemiologic studies on the respiratory system]. PMID- 704369 TI - [Epidemiologic studies on respiratory diseases in Plock. IV. Selected environmental factors and symptoms of chronic non-specific respiratory diseases]. PMID- 704370 TI - [Effect of long-term corticotherapy on serum immunoglobulin level in patients with asthma]. PMID- 704371 TI - [Social and economic effects of combined treatment of tuberculous spondylitis by means of surgery and antimicrobial agents]. PMID- 704372 TI - [Calcium content in bones of rats treated with hydrazide and rifampin]. PMID- 704373 TI - [Tuberculous tumor of the cecum complicated by fecal fistula]. PMID- 704374 TI - [Apex heart beat in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 704375 TI - [Classification of medical symptoms. I. Classes of symptoms in the differentiation of 2 hypotheses]. PMID- 704376 TI - [Classification of medical symptoms. II. Analysis of the diagnostic value of symptoms belonging to different classes]. PMID- 704377 TI - [Effect of glucagon on left ventricular contraction in healthy subjects]. PMID- 704378 TI - [Total and free insulin determination in the estimation of insulin therapy]. PMID- 704379 TI - [Hypouricemia in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 704380 TI - [Fulminant case of disseminated intravascular coagulation treated with success]. PMID- 704381 TI - [Intravascular clotting syndrome in the course of nephrogenic septicemia]. PMID- 704382 TI - [Advances in nephrology. Lupus nephritis]. PMID- 704383 TI - [Effect of furosemide on renal excretion of beta-methyldigoxin]. PMID- 704384 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of early stage of cerebral death based on haemodynamic disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 704385 TI - [A rare type of bone involvement in scleroderma (author's transl)]. PMID- 704386 TI - [Radiometric investigations of the angle of sacral bone inclination in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 704387 TI - [Studies on the types of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 704388 TI - [The problem of choice and tolerance of certain radioisotopes used for myeloscintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 704389 TI - [Radiological appearance of skeletal system and biochemical changes in patients on long-term treatment with diphenylhydantion (author's transl)]. PMID- 704390 TI - [Radioisotope method for determination of patency of the fallopian tubes (author's transl)]. PMID- 704391 TI - [Comparison of bronchographic findings with histological examinations in chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 704392 TI - [Angiographic and scintigraphic findings in post-traumatic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 704393 TI - [Gastric mucosa prolapse into the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 704394 TI - [The "Mercedes-Benz" sign (author's transl)]. PMID- 704395 TI - [Radiological investigations in upper, respiratory tract obstruction disorders in newborns and infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 704396 TI - [Double contrast enema. A suggestion of rapid procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 704397 TI - [Mucosal relief of the cardia in cases of carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 704398 TI - [Comparative analysis of scintigraphic and angiographic findings in cerebral haemangiomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 704399 TI - [Results of treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemias]. PMID- 704400 TI - [Blood serum viscosity, protein fractions, cholesterol and total lipids in workers exposed to mechanical vibration and noise]. PMID- 704401 TI - [Determination of the relationship between laryngologic diseases (especially infectious), atopic and non-atopic asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 704402 TI - [Abnormal site of origin of the common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery]. PMID- 704403 TI - [Ultrasonic analysis of disorders of the peripheral blood flow and cardiac activity in children]. PMID- 704404 TI - [Biological-molecular trend in psychiatry]. PMID- 704405 TI - [Effect of truncal vagotomy on the exocrine function of the pancreas in the dog]. PMID- 704406 TI - [Polycardiographis assessment of the cardiovascular system in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on long-term treatment with anti-inflammatory steroids]. PMID- 704407 TI - [Liver changes in patients operated on for chronic calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 704408 TI - [Propranolol in the treatment of migraine and similar headaches]. PMID- 704409 TI - [Immunological deficiency syndrome in a case of malabsorption syndrome]. PMID- 704410 TI - [Results of revascularization of an extensively damaged upper extremity with an 18-year follow-up]. PMID- 704411 TI - [Biological activity and physico-chemical properties of TFK thymic extract]. PMID- 704412 TI - [Physical rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarct according to our method in a 14-day cycle]. PMID- 704413 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of allopurinol on rat liver]. PMID- 704414 TI - [Observations on massive pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 704416 TI - [Effect of sulfide-hydrogen sulfide baths on sulfhydryl groups (SH) in the serum of patients with theumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 704415 TI - [Correlations of kinetics of antipyrine, indocyanine green and bromosulfophthalein in healthy subjects and in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 704417 TI - [Case of aortic valve stenosis with developmental anomaly of the kinking aorta type with cardiac conduction disorders]. PMID- 704418 TI - [Effectiveness of ointment and cream containing silver salt of sulfathiazole in the treatment of leg ulcer]. PMID- 704419 TI - [Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 704420 TI - [Effect of Gelafusal infusion on renal function]. PMID- 704421 TI - [Left and right ventricular systolic time intervals determined by means of an invasive method]. PMID- 704422 TI - [Nondialysing peptide fractions in serum and urine of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 704423 TI - [Acute Meckel's diverticulitis in a patient with a pseudomucinous cyst of the appendix]. PMID- 704424 TI - [Analysis of written enunciations of a patient as the basis for diagnosing schizophrenia]. PMID- 704426 TI - [Grade I specialization in general medicine prepared in the form of definite expected educational results]. PMID- 704425 TI - [Toxic and sensitizing effects of epoxy resins and their hardeners on the human and animal body]. PMID- 704427 TI - [Outline of ethical principles of deontology of the Polish physician]. PMID- 704428 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of myasthenia]. PMID- 704429 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity tests: PPD, DNCB and distreptase in patients with primary lung cancer]. PMID- 704430 TI - [Health conditions, heart rate and body temperature in women working in hot microclimate]. PMID- 704431 TI - [Left ventricular activity observed during polycardiographic and ultrasonographic examinations of a patient with insufficiency of pars hypophysis anterior]. PMID- 704432 TI - [Cryosurgery in the treatment of malignant skin neoplasms of the face and oral mucosa based on clinical microscopic studies]. PMID- 704433 TI - [Effect of neurohormonal factors on the motor activity with particular reference to the role of the adrenergic system]. PMID- 704434 TI - [Drug use in a hospital medical department by a selected group of patients]. PMID- 704435 TI - [Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on selected parameters of calcium and magnesium metabolism in immobilized patients]. PMID- 704436 TI - [Acute appendicitis in women]. PMID- 704437 TI - [Nicolau's syndrome]. PMID- 704438 TI - [Importance of zinc in the treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica]. PMID- 704439 TI - [Comparison of antibacterial activity of oxolinic acid (Gramurin) and nalidixic acid (Nevigramon) in vitro and in patients with urinary tract infections]. PMID- 704440 TI - [Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and flutter in the course of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 704441 TI - [Gustatory disorders in tobacco smokers]. PMID- 704442 TI - [Early rehabilitation treatment in health resorts of patients with vascular brain lesions]. PMID- 704443 TI - [Idiopathic scrotal gangrene]. PMID- 704444 TI - [Short-chain monocarboxyl C-2--C6 fatty acids in blood of children with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 704445 TI - [Gelatin solutions transfusion in patients in the course of surgery]. PMID- 704446 TI - [Chromosome Y mapping]. PMID- 704447 TI - [Cardiological emergency health care team in Szczecin]. PMID- 704448 TI - [Usefulness of serum lipase activity curves in the diagnosis of pancreatitis]. PMID- 704450 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic pneumothorax by means of immobilization and suction drainage: a comparative analysis]. PMID- 704449 TI - [Asporogenic anaerobic bacterial cells isolated from extrahepatic abscesses and human breast tumor]. PMID- 704451 TI - [Effect of early ambulation on the course of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 704452 TI - [Acid phosphatase activity in lymphocytes in subjects with occupational exposure to organic solvents of paints and varnishes]. PMID- 704453 TI - [Treatment of multifocal trichomoniasis]. PMID- 704454 TI - [Medical secrecy]. PMID- 704455 TI - [Morphological analysis of pulmonary lesions in patients with respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 704456 TI - [Effect of Prodectin on various blood clotting factors]. PMID- 704457 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a new amebicide, Falmonox]. PMID- 704458 TI - [Application of data processing system of scintigraphic diagnosis of pulmonary disease of vascular origin]. PMID- 704459 TI - [Dynamics of left ventricular contraction in obese subjects and in subjects with weight deficiency]. PMID- 704460 TI - [Serum and urinary uric acid in patients with polycystic kidney]. PMID- 704461 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies of thioridazine administered to patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 704462 TI - [Treatment of subacute and chronic deep venous thrombosis with streptokinaje]. PMID- 704463 TI - [Undesirable drug effects on the blood clotting and fibrinolysis]. PMID- 704464 TI - [Asherman's syndrome: a case report]. PMID- 704465 TI - [Effectiveness, toxicity and action of new hypoglycemic agents]. PMID- 704466 TI - [Modern treatment of malaria]. PMID- 704467 TI - [Clinical evaluation of respiratory insufficiency coexisting with decreased pulmonary perfusion]. PMID- 704468 TI - [Diagnosis and results of surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 704469 TI - [Tetanus prophylaxis in wounded patients: use of tetanus toxoid]. PMID- 704470 TI - [Acute oral poisoning with barium salts]. PMID- 704471 TI - [Capilloroscopy of nail folds in Raynaud's syndrome during Hypacom treatment]. PMID- 704472 TI - [Biological availability and clinical use of oral digitalis preparations]. PMID- 704473 TI - [Selected parameters of fat metabolism in subjects with occupational exposure to carbon disulfide]. PMID- 704474 TI - [Hemostatic disorders in patients with respiratory failure following major surgery and trauma]. PMID- 704475 TI - [Penile neoplasms in the records of a Department of Oncological Surgery]. PMID- 704476 TI - [Right atrial myxoma diagnosed by means of ultrasonocardiography. A case report]. PMID- 704477 TI - [Condition of gonads in obese boys]. PMID- 704478 TI - [Diagnostic problems in Ebstein's anomaly]. PMID- 704479 TI - [New concepts in the treatment of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 704480 TI - [Practical classification of drugs and computer use in decision making of the physician as to the choice of therapy]. PMID- 704481 TI - [Teratogenic effect of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on the brain anlage of rat embryos using autoradiographic methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 704482 TI - Bronchial arteries in various stages of bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - The vascularization of growing and regressing bronchogenic carcinomas was analyzed by comparison of postmortem angiographic and histologic investigations of bronchial arteries in 20 autopsy lungs with bronchogenic carcinoma. Vascular findings in bronchial arteriograms range from correct orientation of proliferating vessels to convoluted patterns of vascular growth during the early phases of tumor growth. Later spotty or smudgy extravasation may be seen in necrotic tumor areas, and increased vascular anastomoses appear between the nutritive and functional pulmonary circulations. Characteristic findings in angiography may be correlated, to a certain extent, with size and histologic type of the tumors. Our findings emphasize the role of nutritive pulmonary vessels in the vascularization of bronchogenic carcinoma at different stages of its development. PMID- 704484 TI - Effect on vitamin A on the development of galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. AB - In order to elucidate the role of lysosomes in experimental hepatitis caused by D galactosamine in rats the activities of cathepsin A and D and acid carboxypeptidase were measured. Enzyme activities were assayed in liver homogenate, lysosomal supernatant fraction and lysosomal sediment fraction. Lysosomal enriched fractions were prepared according to De Duve. Vitamin A in high doses aggravates the morphological alterations observed in galactosamine treated rats. At the same time the labilization of lysosomes increases substantially. This effect was induced by doses of retinyl-palmitate that normally caused only an activation of Kupffer cells and no significant liberation of lysosomal peptidehydrolases. The activities of cathepsin A and D increased 2 fold in liver homogenate after combined treatment with galactosamine and vitamin A, whereas the activity of acid carboxypeptidase decreased markedly. PMID- 704483 TI - Thiouracil-induced myocardial fibrosis. AB - Rabbits were fed with thiouracil for 8 months. Subsequently their hearts were examined electron microscopically as well as biochemically for collagen and hexosamine content. Chronic treatment with thiouracil induced an increase in interstitial connective tissue collagen and hexosamine without visible necrosis. As seen by electron microscopy, the increase in collagen content might have been caused by stimulation of the fibrocytes. Furthermore, the heart muscle cells showed deep indentations and bulges of the cell membrane and an enlargement of the T-system. PMID- 704485 TI - [Renal lesions in acute infantile bacillary dysentery (shock-kidney) (author's transl)]. PMID- 704486 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of the heart complicating myocardial infarction. PMID- 704487 TI - The role of stagnation point flow in the formation of platelet thrombi on glass surfaces in tubes with various geometry. PMID- 704488 TI - [Neutrophils in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis]. PMID- 704489 TI - [Biochemical and clinical aspects of ceruloplasmin function]. PMID- 704490 TI - [Oxidation of iodides in the thyroid gland]. PMID- 704491 TI - [Uremic toxins]. PMID- 704492 TI - Managing infections in immunosuppressed patients. AB - Various infections are associated with depressed host defenses. Systemic antibiotic therapy is not useful prophylactically but should be instituted immediately in patients with known bacterial infections and in febrile patients with neutropenia. Meticulous patient care and attention to collection and evaluation of microbiologic data are the keys to early detection of infection. Nonbacterial opportunistic infections should be considered in patients with prolonged fever or fever and pulmonary infiltrates. Some ancillary measures, such as patient isolation and reconstitution of the immune system, may help in prevention or treatment of infections in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 704494 TI - Just what the court ordered. PMID- 704493 TI - Toxic and allergic manifestations of antimicrobials. AB - All antimicrobial drugs may produce toxic and allergic reactions. Penicillins and cephalosporins cause the greatest number of allergic reactions and should not be used for treatment of minor infections in patients with a history of an adverse reaction. If no alternative antibiotic will suffice for treatment of a serious infection, skin testing is necessary. Two commonly used antimicrobials, clindamycin and isoniazid, can have potentially fatal toxic effects. PMID- 704495 TI - Really practical rheumatology. PMID- 704497 TI - More on the Bakke case. PMID- 704496 TI - Bland cholestasis. Unusual hepatic sequela in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 704498 TI - Introduction. New concepts in use of antibiotics. PMID- 704499 TI - Prudent use of the aminoglycosides. AB - Kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin are potent aminoglycoside antibiotics useful in treatment of infections with aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. For many bacteria, no other effective agents exist. These antibiotics must be used prudently. Prescribing physicians have a responsibility to avoid unnecessary therapy with agents that have the potential of causing serious ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects and to avoid indiscriminate use that may encourage the emergence of resistant organisms. These medications are much too valuable to be rendered ineffective by unwise use. PMID- 704500 TI - Anemia of chronic disease. AB - Anemia is one of the consistent findings with inflammation. Whether the anemia is helpful or harmful in the general context of the illness is unclear. It may be recognized by demonstration of iron-deficient erythropoiesis due to an internal block in iron supply. Only when its severity is disproportionate to the severity of the inflammatory process does it merit extensive diagnostic workup. Ordinarily, no treatment of the anemia is indicated. PMID- 704501 TI - Megaloblastic anemia. AB - Most, but not all, megaloblastic anemia is produced by "ineffective erythropoiesis" in the bone marrow due to either folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency. In folic acid deficiency the cause frequently is inadequate dietary intake, whereas vitamin B12 deficiency is almost always conditioned by some specific type of malabsorption. Anemia with oval macrocytes, few reticulocytes, moderate leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia is typical of both. Aplastic anemia, refractory anemias with cellular marrow, preleukemia, aleukemia, and erythroleukemia may have somewhat similar blood findings but are usually recognizable from bone marrow biopsy. Decreased levels of folate or vitamin B12 are the most reliable criteria of megaloblastic anemia. With these available in advance, therapy with the appropriate vitamin can be begun at once. If serum levels are unavailable or available only in retrospect, initial treatment, especially of severe anemia, should be with both vitamins. Differentiation between folate and vitamin B12 deficiency is important but impossible by blood and bone marrow morphology alone. Thus, if serum levels are unavailable, the distinction must be made, sometimes retrospectively, on the basis of other laboratory examinations, such as gastric analysis, small-bowel x-ray films, and the Schilling test. PMID- 704502 TI - Hemolytic anemia: a systematic approach to management. AB - The recognition, investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of hemolytic anemia are reviewed on the basis of a classification of the causes of hemolysis according to whether they are disorders of the membrane, hemoglobin, or metabolism of the erythrocyte; congenital or familial or acquired; and intrinsic or extrinsic. PMID- 704503 TI - Electrolyte studies. 1. Sodium and water. AB - Hyponatremia may be due to relative excess of water or to sodium (Na+) depletion or may be artifactual due to hyperlipemia or excess osmotically active solute in plasma. The cause can be determined from the history, hydration status, and results of simple ancillary tests, eg, osmolality determinations and estimations of urine Na+ concentration. Hypernatremia almost always means water lack. The cause can be determined by correlating clinical findings with urine osmolality test results. PMID- 704504 TI - Dysphagia. PMID- 704505 TI - Physician, take a look. PMID- 704506 TI - The physician and the nurse specialist, or the tiger and the lady. PMID- 704507 TI - Sudden death and acute myocardial infarction: clues to differences in pathophysiology. AB - Although both sudden death and acute myocardial infarction are almost always associated with long-standing obstructive coronary artery disease, both may originate in the myocardium. Spasm has been suggested as a factor contributing to sudden death. Not all persons dying of acute myocardial infarction have narrowed coronary arteries, nor do all persons with obstructed arteries die of heart disease. The first phase of acute myocardial infarction may well involve myocardial necrosis, followed by stasis and collapse of collateral circulation and occasionally by coronary occlusion. PMID- 704508 TI - Urography in children: when should it be done? 1. Infection. AB - Radiologic evaluation of urinary tract infection in children should include both excretory urography and voiding cystourethrography. Excretory urography is done to search for anomalies predisposing to infection and for signs of previous episodes of pyelonephritis or reflux and to serve as a baseline for future studies. Voiding cystourethrography is done to search for abnormalities in the natural barriers that protect the renal medulla from infection. If reflux is found to be present and sequential reflux studies are done, they should be performed by the radionuclide method to observe changes in degree or cessation. PMID- 704509 TI - A clinical approach to anemia. PMID- 704510 TI - Blood-loss anemia. AB - Effective management of blood-loss anemia depends on an understanding of the physiologic response to volume loss, the pattern of marrow response to acute depletion of red cell mass, and the controlling influence of iron supply. Each of these elements must be evaluated and incorporated into the plan of management. PMID- 704511 TI - Severe bone marrow failure: possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. PMID- 704512 TI - Congestive cardiomyopathy. Introduction, problems and aims of the Multicentre Research Project. PMID- 704513 TI - Incidence of congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - In a stable population of 250 000, the diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathy could be firmly established in fifty-nine cases during a period of 8 years. This gives an incidence of the disease of 3/100 000/year. If cases disclosed at post mortem during the same period are included, the frequency of the disease will equal 5/100 000/year. PMID- 704514 TI - Diagnosis and natural history of congested (dilated) cardiomyopathies. AB - The diagnosis of primary dilated cardiomyopathy depends on the recognition of a dilated poorly contracting left ventricle with increased end-diastolic and end systolic volumes in the absence of a detectable cause. The diagnosis is made only after exclusion both of structural heart disease and of known causes of secondary heart muscle disorder. The natural history is still largely unknown and is probably as variable as the likely causes. The left ventricular disorder does not cause symptoms until heart failure supervenes except for occasional patients who develop an early atrial or ventricular dysrhythmia, conduction defect, chest pain or murmur of mitral regurgitation. This period of latency may be short, prolonged or even permanent since it is unlikely that all cases progess to the point of failure. A few patients recover normal or near-normal cardiac function. The interplay between high blood pressure, hypertensive heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy is illustrated by patients who recover from heart failure to become hypertensive and vice versa and in current treatment with vasodilators and diuretics for patients at either end of the spectrum. PMID- 704515 TI - Prognosis and possible presymptomatic manifestations of congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM). AB - In order to find evidence of prognosis and of presymptomatic manifestation of congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM) in fifty-eight patients, the extent of morphological changes of endomyocardial catheter biopsy (EMCB), clinical and haemodynamic data were correlated to the clinical course. In addition, clinical, haemodynamic, angiographic, morphological and His-bundle electrographic studies were performed in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB), normal left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and normal coronary arteries (n = 43). Related to a 10-year mortality rate of 70% from the onset of symptoms, COCM is one of the most severe heart diseases. Endomyocardial catheter biopsy (EMCB) allowed clear prognostic separation in patients with COCM and seems to be of diagnostic value in patients with only slightly enlarged hearts and in patients with a short history of symptoms. The studies also revealed much evidence that at least some patients with LBBB, normal left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and normal coronary arteries exhibit an early stage of COCM. In these patients especially EMCB with severe changes of heart muscle cells and/or impaired left ventricular function may indicate subsequent COCM. So that there is now a new indication for performing EMCB. PMID- 704516 TI - Special investigations of COCM: endomyocardial biopsies (morphological analysis). AB - Endomyocardial tissue obtained from 237 patients clinically suspected of suffering from congestive cardiomyopathy, has been analysed histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally. In 51% of patients, the suspected diagnosis was morphologically confirmed and in 24.5%, no pathological evidence of a dilated heart or other pathology was found. The results in these two groups were considered helpful. It is concluded that, even though the morphology of congestive cardiomyopathy in non-specific and the number of other pathology found is small, the continuation of investigation by bioptome is justified. Parameters such as prognosis and length of history can also be assessed. Furthermore, morphological analysis is essential to interpret accurately biochemical and other types of investigations that are being carried out on biopsy material. PMID- 704517 TI - Immunological results in myocardial diseases. AB - Immunological studies have shown new diagnostically important changes in alcoholic and viral myocarditis, as well as in congestive cardiomyopathy. Increased heart size correlated with the degree of congestive heart failure, as well as with negative immunofluorescence and an increased IgA concentration in the serum. These findings may serve as a diagnostic aid in patients with myocardial disease due to alcohol abuse. Viral heart disease is characterized by a variety of symptoms and nuclear antibodies (IgM) can be of help in the differential diagnosis. Heart muscle tissue of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy preferentially binds IgG and IgA. In addition to the other changes these findings are of diagnostic importance. It seems likely that results similar to those obtained for humoral antibodies in congestive cardiomyopathy will apply in the correlation of the haemodynamic status of the patients. The pathophysiological implication of these findings is not clear at present, but the evolution of congestive cardiomyopathy appears to be associated with binding of immunoglobulin to the myocardium, as well as with humoral antiheart antibodies. PMID- 704518 TI - [Smoking habits of lung cancer patients. Time of consumption and tar contents of smoked brands (author's transl)]. PMID- 704519 TI - [About the problematic coincidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 704520 TI - [Survival rate after partial resection of bronchogenic carcinoma (an analysis of 88 cases during 1967--1972) (author's transl)]. PMID- 704521 TI - [Lung cancer and disablement benefit (author's transl)]. PMID- 704522 TI - [Juvenile therapy, adult therapy and the significance of family therapy]. PMID- 704523 TI - [Use of a combination "painting and fairy tale therapy" in an adolescent with anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 704524 TI - [Combination psychotherapeutic methods in group work with school children]. PMID- 704525 TI - [Children from divorce]. PMID- 704526 TI - [The intentional effect of sky diving on necessary educational goals in environment-induced behavior disorders]. PMID- 704527 TI - [Concept of school maturity and bases of underachievement. Comparison of the analysis of educational and psychological literature with the results of a study]. PMID- 704528 TI - [Protocol drafting of laparotomy in the diagnosis of the cause of fever of unknown origin]. AB - Eighteen patients with fever of unknown origin in whom other diagnostic procedures had failed, underwent exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy, hepatic biopsies and biopsies of lymph nodes, muscle and bone, while bile, urine and intestinal content were cultured. In all patients, inspection and palpation of abdominal cavity doesn't give any diagnostic orientation. With histologic examination and cultures, precise diagnosis was made in 13 cases (72 per cent). Predominant diagnosis was Hodgkin's disease. One patient died with complications of surgery. PMID- 704529 TI - [Amylase/creatinine clearance in the differential diagnosis of acute pancreatitis]. AB - In the Department of Gastroenterology of "El Centro Medico La Raza, I.M.S.S.", three groups of 20 patients were studied: group I with acute pancreatitis; group II with acute abdomen without pancreatic pathology, in both groups the diagnosis was demonstrated surgically or in necropsy; group III was formed by 20 normal voluntary persons, and served as control. A 4 per cent amilase/creatinine clearence index was considered as a high normal value. The diagnosis accuracy in group I was 90 per cent. In group II there was five false positive results, in 80 per cent of the cases the results of the amilase/creatinine clearence index was found within normal limits. The difference between group I and group III was significant (P less than 0.002). The difference between group I and group II was also significant (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between group II and group III. The amilase/creatinine clearence index has the advantage that it can be obtained with only one blood and urine samples taken simultaneously. We concluded that amilase/creatine clearence index is useful for the differential diagnosis in acute pancreatitis and that is probably due to an alteration in the tubular renal reabsorption. PMID- 704531 TI - [Biology of eosinophils]. PMID- 704530 TI - [Type III hyperlipoproteinemia--diabetes mellitus and dysglobulinemia]. AB - This paper reports the association of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia type III and the relation between the dose of insulin and the serum level of triglycerides and cholesterol. The coexistence of hiperglobulinemia, Bence Jones proteinuria and a positive rheumatoid factor is also reported. PMID- 704532 TI - [Idiopathic cardiomyopathy of the congestive type. Report of a case]. AB - It is presented a clinical case and autopsy findings of a 72 years old male, with an illness of one month duration, which due to his symptoms was considered initially to have coronary heart disease with a myocardial infarction in evolution. During his hospitalization this picture was ruled out; however, the patient presented different cardiac arrhythmias, 3 episodes of cardiorespiratory arrest and finally refractory congestive heart failure. The patient died. Clinically the diagnosis of primary congestive cardiomyopathy was suspected, and later, correlated with the anatomopathological findings. The literature was reviewed upon the clinical and laboratory studies to reach the diagnosis; which clinically and anatomopathologically is made by exclusion. Due that we do not think very often about this entity, we consider useful the present communication. PMID- 704533 TI - [Rupture of hepatic adenoma and oral contraceptives]. AB - We present one case of hepatic adenoma in a patient with a long history of oral contraceptive administration. Review of the literature in similar cases points to the possibility of a cause effect relationship between this type of drugs and liver adenomas. PMID- 704534 TI - [Visceral actinomycosis. Clinical case and review of the literature]. PMID- 704535 TI - [Blood levels of vincamine. Comparative study of vincamine in delayed and immediate actions]. PMID- 704536 TI - [Pseudotumor cerebri: benign intracranial hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 704537 TI - [New epidemiological problems of consumption of tobacco (author's transl)]. PMID- 704538 TI - [Cephalexin in daily practice. A multi-center study of Swiss pediatricians and ENT-specialists (author's transl)]. PMID- 704539 TI - [Assessment of a new combination drug (locoid-c) for the local treatment of inflammatory dermatoses in a dermatological practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 704540 TI - [Possibilities with metrizamid--a symposium report (author's transl)]. PMID- 704541 TI - [Dietary fats and oils in human nutrition (author's transl)]. PMID- 704542 TI - [The laboratory in and out of the hospital. Future and revolution. An introduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 704543 TI - [Possibilities and limits of practitioners' laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 704545 TI - [Recent developments in the use of haematological routine laboratory tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 704544 TI - [Quality control of medical analyses for practitioners, hospital and specialised laboratories (author's transl)]. PMID- 704546 TI - [The projected future role of the thin-film techniques (Kodak) in the clinical laboratories (author's transl)]. PMID- 704547 TI - [Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 704549 TI - [IX. Anthrax]. PMID- 704548 TI - [Tuberculosis - risk groups in the light of radiophotography statistics (author's transl)]. PMID- 704550 TI - [Treatment of mild and moderate hypertension with viskaldix (author's transl)]. PMID- 704551 TI - [Disturbed glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus in the relatives of patients with the juvenile form of diabetes mellitus]. AB - A total of 200 relatives of patients with a juvenile form of diabetes mellitus were examined. The standard oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) was used with a simultaneous determination (during the test) of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) level. GTT was found to be deranged in 39% of the patients investigated (doubtful results--in 24%, latent diabetes--in 8%, manifest diabetes--in 7%). The incidence of diabetes mellitus had a direct correlation with age and weight of the patients. During the GTT IRI was found to be high in 40.8% of the cases, and torpid type of the insulinemia curve was noted in 2% of the cases only. PMID- 704552 TI - [Prediabetes: its pathogenetic nature and diagnosis]. AB - A total of 186 close relatives of diabetic patients were investigated in search of methods for prediabetes diagnosis in persons with predisposition to the disease. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) content in response to glucose load, and the state of the cardiovascular system, primarily of microcirculation were investigated. Changes in the microcirculation system not infrequently preceded the development of pathological glucose tolerance test. Capillaroscopy, conjunctival biomicroscopy, rheovasography, cytochemical study of the blood cells, determination of muscular circulation, and, in individual cases, electron microscopy of the muscle bioptates, mucous membranes or the skin are referred to sensitive methods of investigation. Along with metabolic shifts in lipid metabolism, such changes were noted in 1/3 of the relatives with normal glucose tolerance tests. PMID- 704553 TI - [Reactivity of the sympathetic-adrenal system in juvenile thyrotoxicosis]. AB - In examination of patients with thyrotoxicosis, aged from 14 to 24 years, there was revealed a reduction of the activity of the mediatory link of the sympathico adrenal ssystem without any connection with age, the severity and duration of the disease, and also with the efficacy of drug therapy. The functional test with insulin in patients with thyrotoxicosis permitted to detect definite reserve possibilities of the adrenergic regulation intensified with increased duration of the disease and with advance of the patient's age, but not with increased severity of the disease. The insulin test offered a possibility of assessing the sympathico-adrenal system reactivity in cases of different degree of the disease compensation. PMID- 704554 TI - [Growth hormone level dynamics in acromegaly in response to glucose load and measured bicycle ergometry]. AB - The work is based on the materials of clinical examination of 67 patients with acromegaly. Study of the hypothalamo-hypophysial reaction in respect to the growth hormone secretion in patients with acromeglay revealed correlation between the clinical picture indicating the progress of the disease and pointing to the activity of the process according to the results of glucose load and dosaged veloergometry test. Dosaged physical exercise can be used to determine the activity of the process in patients with acromegaly accompanied by disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism when glucose load was contraindicated. PMID- 704555 TI - [Mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex and the renin--angiotensin system in Itsenko-Cushing's disease]. AB - Mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex and the activity of the renin angiotensin system were studied in patients with Itsenko-Cushing's disease before (36 cases) and after (27 cases) the treatment with chloditan--an adrenocortical inhibitor. Minertalocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex was assessed by the blood immunoreactive aldosterone content, urinary 18-aldosterone-glucuronide excretion, and the rate of aldosterone secretion. Condition of the renin angiotensin system was assesed by the blood renin activity. Aldosterone and renin concentration was studied by the radioimmunological method. There proved to be a reverse relationship between the blood aldosterone concentraiton and the severity of Itsenko-Cushing's disease. Elevation of the mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in Itsenko-Cushing's disease was due to activation of the renin angiotensin system. During clinical remission of the disease following a course of chloditan treatment the patient displayed an increased blood aldosterone level and a rise of its secretion. The minralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex was intensified at the state of clinical remission because of an increased blood corticotropin concentration. PMID- 704556 TI - [Method of determining testosterone in the blood on a Tsvet-104 gas chromatograph with a constant recombination rate detector]. AB - The author suggests a method of blood testosterone level determination on gas chromatograph "Tsvet-104" with a constant recombination rate detector, without any use of radioactive isotopes, testosterone derivatives. The method consists in thorough preliminary extraction of endogenous testosterone from the blood, its purification in thin layers on silicalgel, and conversion into a fluoroacetoderivative with a subsequent gaseochromatographic separation on chromatone N-AW-DMCS (60--80 mesh) with a low (5%) SE-30 phase content at high temeprature regimens of gas chromatograph "Tsvet-104" with a high resolving power of its selective detector. PMID- 704557 TI - [Generalized xanthomatosis in a female diabetes mellitus patient operated on for thyroid cancer]. PMID- 704558 TI - [Patient management after bilateral total adrenalectomy]. PMID- 704559 TI - [Effect of castration and testosterone propionate on 3H-noradrenaline metabolism in different brain structures in male rats]. AB - Experimental results demonstrated that castration in male rats led to the changes in catecholamine metabolism in various regions of the brian. In particular there is an acceleration of labeled noradrenalin- disappearance (3H-noradrenaline) from the limbic system of the hypothalamus formations. Testosterone propionate restored the initial level of 3H-noradrenaline in the mentioned structures of the brain. The data obtained indicated that adrenorecption of the rynecephalo hypothalamic complex took part in the central regulation of the gonadotropic function of the hypophysis. PMID- 704560 TI - [Effect of prolonged administration of the adrenergic blockaders, fentolamin and obsidan, on the course of alloxan diabetes in rats]. AB - Administration of phentholamine or obsidan to rats for 3 weeks sharply diminished the diabetogenic action of alloxan. The insular tissue of the pancreas became less affected, and the percentage of animals with signs of diabetes (polyuria, glucosuria, and hyperglycemia) decreased. Hyperglycemia (averaging 276 and 286 mg%) was revealed in the majority of the animals given alloxan and adrenoblockers. Phentholamine sharply suppressed the development of polyuria in rats with intact pancreas following water load, but obsidan produced no such effect. The mechanism of action of adrenoblockers used on polyuria and glucosuria in animals given alloxan is suggested on the basis of experiments with water load. PMID- 704561 TI - [UDPG pyrophosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase activity in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes]. AB - The UDPH-pyrophosphatase and phosphomurase activity was determined in the liver homogenates of rats with manifest alloxan diabetes. In comparison with control animals, there was a statistically significant reduction of UDPH pyrophosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase activity (by 29 and 33%, respectively) in diabetic rats. Decreased activity of the mentioned enzymes in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes pointed to their participation in reduction of glycogen synthesis in the liver occurring in this disease. PMID- 704562 TI - [Restoration of glucose utilization in alloxan diabetes by means of inhibiting fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis]. AB - Experiments on intact hungry rats showed hydrazine, gluconeongenesis inhibitor, to cause hypoglycemia; it failed to influence glucose utilization and oxidation, and sharply decreased oleate exidation. Hydrazine inhibition of fatty acids (oleate) oxidation and of gluconeogenesis led to practical normalization of blood glucose level, and also to the utilization and oxidation of glucose in alloxan diabetes. It is postulated that agents with an analogous action mechanism could prove to be effective antidiabetic agents. PMID- 704563 TI - [State of the microcirculation in diabetes mellitus (based on conjunctival biomicroscopy data]. AB - Conjunctival biomicroscopy was applied to the study of microcirculation in 30 healthy persons and in 112 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus before and after the treatment. Marked darangement of the end blood flow was expressed in the appearance of perivascular, vascular, and intravascular lesions, increasing with the progress of diabetes mellitus. Adequate therapy gave positive results with the disappearance or reduction of perivascular lesions in the microcirculation, and also improvement of the rheological properties of the blood. PMID- 704564 TI - [Effect of central m- and n-cholinergic agents on ovarian compensatory hypertrophy in rats]. AB - Stimulation of the n-cholinergic structures by nicotine or depression of m cholinergic structures by metamizyl inhibited the compensatory ovarian hypertrophy (COH) induced by hemiovariectomy in rats. Stimulation of m cholinergic structure by arecoline or depression of n-cholinergic structures by n cholinolytic IEM-506 eliminated the suppression of COH induced by diethylstilbestrol-propionate. The mediatory role of the central-m-cholinergic systems in the mechanisms of COH and that of n-cholinergic systems in the estrogen-induced suppression of COH is suggested. PMID- 704565 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the sodium and potassium content and distribution in rat hippocampus sections]. AB - Slices of the rat hyppocampus (CA2 region) were incubated in blood plasma, and the content of Na and K in them, and also distribution of these elements in the extra- and intracellular space (by the inulin method) after hydrocortisone (HC) administration was investigated. Special morphological studies had shown that the first slices embraced the dense neuron cell bodies layer; the next slices (deeper ones) had much less neurons. A single dose of HC given 3 hours before the experiment in doses of 1 and 5 mg per 100 g of body weight caused a decrease of intracellular Na concentration and an increase of intracellular K in the first slices; the transmembrane distribution coefficient was elevated for both ions. After 7-day HC administrattion the changes described practically disappeared. The second slices (having only a few neuron cell bodies) showed no significant changes in the electorlyte composition in all the experiments conducted. PMID- 704566 TI - [Changes in the functional state and ultrastructure of the cells of the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex under prolonged immobilization stress]. AB - Experiments were conducted on male rats aged from 45 to 50 days; during the development of the general adaptation syndrome distinct functional and ultrastructural shifts originated in the adrenal cortex glomerular zone at the early and end stages of the reaction pointing to the intensification of biosynthesis and of aldosterone secretion. At the early periods (immobilization for 30 min) increased adrenocorticosteroid activity was conditioned by factors influencing the early stages of steroidogenesis, chiefly by corticotropine. Aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion stimulation after 72 hours of immobilization was connected with the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and, possibly, with factors influencing the end stages of steroidogenesis. PMID- 704567 TI - [Dynamics of the changes in thyroid gland parenchyma on thyrocalcitonin administration]. AB - Experiments were conducted on rats; a study was made of the effect of thyrocalcitonin (TCT) administration--5 Units a day--on thyroid gland. TCT administration during the first 5 days led to structural-functional reconstruction of the gland and activation of the synthesis and elimination of the iodine-containing hormones. Prolonged action of the iodine-containing hormones. Prolonged action of TCT (for 20 days) caused hypofunction of the gland, suppression of endogenous TCT production; it also intensified connective tissue proliferation, and destructive focal changes of the thyroid parenchyma. PMID- 704568 TI - [Diagnostic importance of lysozymemia and lysozymuria in hematology]. PMID- 704569 TI - [Idiopathic myelofibrosis occurring with portal hypertension]. PMID- 704570 TI - [Activity of the lymphocyte dehydrogenase tetrad in chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 704571 TI - [Characteristics of hemoblastosis induction in animals of different species by tryptophan metabolites]. PMID- 704573 TI - [Clinical laboratory examination of donors with long-persisting HB-antigen]. PMID- 704572 TI - [Sid isoantigenic group system]. PMID- 704574 TI - [Jaundice-free forms of serum hepatitis (viral hepatitis B)]. PMID- 704575 TI - [Evaluation of the degree of delgycerinization of thawed, washed erythrocytes using a cryoscopic method]. PMID- 704576 TI - [Work of medical personnel of an anti-tuberculosis dispensary according to the principles of the scientific work organization]. PMID- 704577 TI - [Dynamics of pulmonary tuberculosis during hospital-stage chemotherapy of different duration]. PMID- 704578 TI - [Surgical treatment of tuberculous empyema in children and adolescents]. PMID- 704579 TI - [Organization of the sanatorium treatment of tuberculosis]. PMID- 704580 TI - [Diagnosis of the caverns in the intrathoracic lymph nodes]. PMID- 704581 TI - [Clinico-biochemical characteristics of adverse reactions to antibacterial drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 704582 TI - [Change in the lactate dehydrogenase activity in the blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during antibacterial therapy]. PMID- 704583 TI - [State of the gastrointestinal tract in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 704584 TI - [State of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system in rabbits infected with tuberculosis and treated with etimizol]. PMID- 704585 TI - [Causes of death in tuberculosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 704586 TI - [Instructions for filling-out control cards of dispensary follow-up of patients of the anti-tuberculosis centers]. PMID- 704587 TI - [Health education concerned with tuberculosis control]. PMID- 704588 TI - [Silicotuberculosis as a scientific problem in phthisiology]. PMID- 704589 TI - [Treatment of patients with tuberculosis and concomitant bronchial asthma at mountain health resort]. PMID- 704590 TI - [Tuberculosis in conjunction with nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 704591 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis with concomitant peptic ulcer]. PMID- 704592 TI - [Current goals of sanatorial treatment of patients with tuberculosis]. PMID- 704593 TI - [Course and outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with peptic ulcer (based on the data of antituberculosis dispensaries)]. PMID- 704594 TI - [Classification of nonspecific endobronchitis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 704595 TI - [Respiration in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis of the lung]. PMID- 704596 TI - [Influence of bathing in the sea-water swimming pool on the ventilation and gas exchange of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 704597 TI - [Renal function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated with ethambutol in combination with other antitubercular drugs]. PMID- 704598 TI - [Changes in regional and central hemodynamics in patients with renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 704599 TI - [Hypokinetic disorders of peripheral blood circulation in patients with tuberculosis of bones and joints]. PMID- 704600 TI - [Interactions of reserve antitubercular agents in combined administration]. PMID- 704601 TI - [Microbiological methods in selection of optimal drug combinations in complex treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 704602 TI - [Effect of ultra-high frequency on peripheral blood in animals and the development of post-vaccinal allergy]. PMID- 704603 TI - [Effect of intraperitoneal grafting of the thymus on the course of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs]. PMID- 704604 TI - [Fluorescence-microscopic study of tuberculous process in the lungs]. PMID- 704605 TI - Health Maintenance Organizations: one answer to current problems in health care delivery. PMID- 704606 TI - Measuring the effectiveness of continuing medical education. PMID- 704607 TI - Regulatory effect of steroid hormones on the growth of human malignant melanoma. PMID- 704608 TI - An evaluation of health hazards in the operating room [proceedings]. PMID- 704609 TI - Heavy intermittent cervical traction in the correction of class II division 1 malocclusion [proceedings]. PMID- 704610 TI - Third Boyd Orr Memorial Lecture: The quest for an international commodity policy. PMID- 704611 TI - Regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis. PMID- 704612 TI - Pellagra and mental disturbance. PMID- 704613 TI - Neurochemistry of appetite mechanisms. PMID- 704614 TI - Neuropharmacology of appetite regulation. PMID- 704616 TI - Synthesis of albumin and of total plasma proteins by liver of fed and starved rats. PMID- 704615 TI - Protein synthesis in rat small intestine. PMID- 704617 TI - The effect of aging on protein turnover in the rat. PMID- 704618 TI - A perfused ruminant muscle preparation. PMID- 704619 TI - Protein turnover and whole body nitrogen metabolism in the growing pig. PMID- 704620 TI - The digestion of dietary protein and synthesis of bacterial protein in the rumen in sheep given silages prepared with the addition of formic acid. PMID- 704621 TI - General practitioners and nutrition: a study in the Leeds and Bradford Health Authorities. PMID- 704622 TI - Personality and food preferences. PMID- 704623 TI - The diabetic diet: nuisance or necessity? PMID- 704624 TI - Immunological changes associated with the obob (obese) genotype. PMID- 704625 TI - Comparison of the effects of carrageenins and Danish agar on the colon of guinea pigs. PMID- 704626 TI - Biochemical responses of women with low storage iron to a sustained release preparation of oral Fe. PMID- 704627 TI - Effect of duodenal cannulation on digesta flow in the preruminant calf. PMID- 704628 TI - The effects of a low-protein diet on milk yield and plasma metabolites in Friesian heifers during early lactation. PMID- 704629 TI - Dietary fibre and glucose tolerance importance of viscosity. PMID- 704630 TI - Rumen proteolysis of fraction I leaf protein, casein and bovine serum albumin. PMID- 704631 TI - Biochemical evaluation of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase test for riboflavin deficiency. PMID- 704632 TI - Effect of folate deficiency on crypt and villus cells isolated from gut epithelium. PMID- 704633 TI - How important is dietary linoleate for the young ruminant? PMID- 704634 TI - Sodium, potassium and chloride imbalance in broiler diets. PMID- 704636 TI - An explanation for the elevated efficiency of the genetically obese (obob) mouse. PMID- 704635 TI - Foetal accumulation of iron and copper in maternal protein deprivation. PMID- 704637 TI - The time course of the response of rat protein metabolism to trenbolone acetate. PMID- 704638 TI - The effect of dry matter concentration on milk substitute intake by the calf. PMID- 704639 TI - Mineral absorption from the digestive tract of calves before and after weaning. PMID- 704640 TI - A quantitative light microscopical study of muscle from adult rats previously undernourished in early life. PMID- 704642 TI - "Chemically available" iron in foods. PMID- 704641 TI - Absorption of magnesium and phosphate in the omasum of the young steer. PMID- 704643 TI - Placental type and Bayley Mental Development scores in 18-month-old twins. PMID- 704644 TI - Methodological issues in twin research: the assumption of environmental equivalence. PMID- 704645 TI - [Evaluation of the topical bioavailability of hydrocortisone acetate]. PMID- 704646 TI - [Mossbauer spectroscopic studies in pharmacy. 1. Potential applications of Mossbauer effects in 57Fe iron anti-anemia preparations]. PMID- 704647 TI - Effects of endorphin and enkephalin analogs on fear habituation in goldfish. PMID- 704648 TI - Short- and long-term effects of para-chloroamphetamine on ingestive behavior. AB - Para-chloroamphetamine (PCA) produces short-term decreases in eating and drinking. PCA also chronically decreases brain serotonin concentration following a single peripheral injection. The present investigation assessed short- and long term effects of PCA on ingestive behavior and body weight in greater detail. Following an adaptation period, PCA, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, were administered IP, to free feeding rats. A decrease in food and water consumption was observed during the 0--24 hr postinjection period. During the 24--48 hr period, water consumption was significantly increased compared to baseline. Food intakes during this same period returned to baseline levels. No long-term effects on ingestive behavior or body weight were seen during the following 30 days. PMID- 704649 TI - Brief communication. Generalization of [DAla2]-enkephalinamide but not of substance P to the morphine cue. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate morphine (7.5 mg/kg, IP) from saline in a two bar positively reinforced lever pressing paradigm on a FR4 schedule. Morphine (IP) showed a naloxone reversible dose-related generalization to the training dose. [DAla2]-Methionine enkephalinamide (DAE) at 1 mg/kg and Substance P (SP) at 0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg showed vehicle appropriate responding after IP injection. DAE (5 mg/kg) disrupted responding completely; SP (0.5 and 0.1 mg/kg) disrupted responding in 50% of the rats. The disruption caused by IP injection of DAE was not naloxone reversible. Intraventricular injection of morphine (5 microgram/rat) and DAE (5 microgram/rat) produced generalization to the opiate cue. The effect of DAE was reversed by naloxone (1 mg/kg, SC). SP (500 and 750 ng/rat, IVT) produced saline-like responding; 1 microgram/rat disrupted responding completely. These data demonstrate that morphine and enkephalin, but not Substance P, share similar discriminative properties. PMID- 704650 TI - Brief communication. Inability of hexamethonium to block the discriminative stimulus (SD) property of nicotine. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate between levers on a white or black wall to obtain food reinforcement, using nicotine or saline administration as the discriminative stimulus (SD). When hexamethonium was administered, either peripherally or intraventricularly, before the nicotine injection these rats responded as though they had received nicotine alone. This indicates that nicotine receptors responsible for its SD property are not blocked by hexamethonium, or alternatively that it is necessary to block the peripheral and central actions simultaneously to completely eliminate the cueing effect of the nicotine injection. PMID- 704651 TI - Brief communication. Shock-elicited flight response in chickens as an index of morphine analgesia. AB - Morphine influence on a flight response elicited by wing shock was examined in 17 day-old chickens. The chickens received either morphine (30 mg/kg) or saline on two days and were tested for responsivity to wing shock 30 min after each injection. On a third day all chickens received saline injections and were tested again. Tests consisted of delivering wing shock at increasing intensity to determine the threshold of a species-typical flight response. Morphine significantly increased the flight response th reshold on the first test (analgesia), but not on the second test. Shock intensity values required to elicit the flight response in morphine and saline groups did not differ significantly on the third test when all birds received saline. In contrast to previous evidence, these results demonstrate morphine analgesia in chickens using a dose that approximates the analgesic dose range reported for other species. PMID- 704652 TI - Glucosamine incorporation into rat cerebrum: effect of adrenalectomy, corticosterone, exercise, and training. AB - Incorporation of D-[I-14C]glucosamine into various metabolic fractions was studied in an experiment designed to quantify the relative influence of physiological and behavioral factors. Different physiological states were established by sham operation (S), adrenalectomy (A), and adrenalectomy plus corticosterone replacement (H). Within each physiological condition the behavioral state was varied by swim-escape training (E), swimming exercise (X) or nonswimming controls (C). Adrenalectomy caused a generalized increase in label uptake by cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but precursor levels in the blood were elevated also, suggesting a systemic physiological effect. Behavioral state had no effect on overall uptake, but did influence the distribution of label between soluble and membrane-bound glycoproteins. These results indicate that D-[I 14C]glucosamine is an effective glycoprotein and ganglioside precursor in behavioral experiments, provided corrections for the influence of systemic physiological factors are made. PMID- 704653 TI - Effects of d-amphetamine on speaking in isolated humans. AB - The effects of oral d-amphetamine, 5--20 mg were studied in isolated humans who produced speech monologues during experimental sessions. Drug effects were studied under double-blind conditions by making repeated observations within each subject after placebo or active drug. In the first experiment, d-amphetamine 15 mg was studied in 4 isolated subjects who had received instructions that they should talk some of the time during experimental sessions. All subjects spoke more after active drug than after placebo. In the second experiment, d amphetamine 5--20 mg was studied in 4 subjects who were instructed to talk, but who also earned points under a fixed interval 5 min schedule by speaking (i.e. by closure of a voice operated relay). Point delivery did not generally influence patterns of speech over time. Reliable drug produced increases in amount of talking were observed in 3 of 4 subjects. Adjective checklist self report scores indicating a stimulant drug effect were also sensitive to effects of d amphetamine. Under controlled laboratory conditions, an increase in speaking is a reliable behavioral effect of d-amphetamine in isolated humans producing speech monologues. PMID- 704654 TI - Dopamine in the hypothalamus of the cat: pharmacological characterization and push-pull perfusion analysis of sites mediating hypothermia. AB - Within the rostral diencephalon of the cat, 113 sites were examined for their reactivity to 2.33--14.0 microgram dopamine (DA) or 2.33--14.0 microgram norepinephrine (NE) microinjected in a volume of 0.75 microliter. During each experiment, colonic temperature was monitored and additional physiological measures were recorded continuously. In contrast to CSF controls, an intrahypothalamic injection of either catecholamine at circumscribed sites evoked a dose-dependent fall in the cat's body temperature, with NE ordinarily evoking a more profound hypothermic response. The morphological sites of maximum sensitivity were localized in the anterior hypothalamic, preoptic region. At some but not all sites, a prior microinjection of 3.5--7.0 microgram phentolamine attenuated the magnitude of the DA-induced hypothermia and delayed its onset. Conversely, at all loci, the pretreatment by the injection of this alpha adrenergic antagonist markedly reduced the absolute magnitude of the NE-induced fall in the cat's temperature. Similar pretreatment of a reactive hypothalamic locus with a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, practolol (3.5 microgram), failed to alter the hypothermia following a microinjection of DA. Either of two DA receptor antagonists, haloperidol (0.04--7.0 microgram) or d-butaclamol (0.48- 1.47 microgram), when given in a sufficient dose, effectively delayed the onset of the DA-hypothermia and reduced its absolute magnitude; however, the NE-induced decline in the cat's temperature was unaffected by DA receptor blockade. Endogenous stores of DA and/or NE in the cat's hypothalamus were radio-labeled with either 3H- or 14C-catecholamines or both, microinjected through the implanted guide tube into an identified amine-sensitive site. By using push-pull cannulae, the site was subsequently perfused for 5 min with artificial CSF at a rate of 25 microliter/min with samples collected at 15 min intervals. During either the third or fourth perfusion, the ambient temperature of the cat's chamber of 22--24 degrees C was elevated to 35--45 degrees C and maintained at this level for 15 or 30 min. This environmental warming evoked a release of either DA o; NE or both amines from certain circumscribed sites within the cat's rostral hypothalamus. Overall, these results provide pharmacological, physiological and anatomical evidence for a differential role of DA in the hypothalamic mechanism which mediates the heat loss processes. PMID- 704655 TI - Effects of caffeine on DRL performance in the mouse. AB - Mice were trained to stable and efficient DRL 18 sec performance utilizing a nose poke as the operant. Caffeine, at doses less than 48 mg/kg, increased both response bursts (IRTs less than 3 sec) and longer IRTs, and shifted the IRT distribution towards shorter, nonreinforced IRTs. Auditory feedback for responses decreased the number of bursts emitted and produced performance more resistant to drug effects. These results are similar to those previously reported for caffeine on DRL in the rat, and for amphetamine on DRL in a variety of species. PMID- 704656 TI - Inhibition of estrogen-induced sexual receptivity of female hamsters: comparative effects of progesterone, dihydrotestosterone and an estrogen antagonist. AB - In the first experiment ovariectomized female hamsters were administered varying dosages of progesterone (P), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or CI-628 at the same time (concurrently) as estrogen (EB) or 48 hr after EB (sequentially). All groups also received 500 microgram P 4 hr before being tested for sexual receptivity. P was more effective in reducing receptivity when given sequentially with estrogen than when given concurrently. Thus, the inhibitory effect of P increased with an increased interval between EB and P treatment. More CI-628 than P was required to inhibit lordosis and unlike P, CI-628 was equally effective when given concurrently with EB as when given sequentially. DHT did not inhibit receptivity when given in either paradigm. In the second experiment ovariectomized hamsters were treated with varying dosages of DHT 12 hr before EB. An amount of DHT which had no effect in Experiment 1 significantly inhibited receptivity when given 12 hr before EB. The relative inhibitory effects of these three compounds were discussed in terms of the possible similarities and differences in their mechanisms of action for inhibiting lordosis. PMID- 704658 TI - Effect of the anorectic drug, phenylpropanolamine, on blood glucose in rats. AB - Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA) is a widely used decongestant and anorectic drug. The present study investigated the hypoglycemic effects of intraperitoneal PPA on rats to test the possibility that it might derive some of its anorectic properties through effects on glucostatic mechanisms. PPA tended to lower blood glucose levels in normal rats; the glycemia reducing effect was larger and statistically significant in rats made hyperglycemic by prior treatment with streptozocin to cause diabetes. This is the first evidence that PPA migh possibly reduce feeding by increasing blood sugar utilization. PMID- 704657 TI - On the mechanism of hyperglycemia and stimulation of growth hormone secretion by L-dopa. AB - The mechanism of hyperglycemia produced by L-dopa was studied in normal trained dogs with 3-3H-glucose infusion to measure rates of hepatic glucose output (production) and overall glucose uptake (utilization). Infusion of L-dopa (20 mg/kg/h) increased glucose production causing hyperglycemia. Despite the hyperglycemia plasma insulin did not increase nor did glucose uptake, indicating a relative inhibition of glucose utilization. These effects resemble those produced by epinephrine infusion. Pretreatment with a decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa, prevented the L-dopa effect to increase glucose production and no hyperglycemia occurred. Hyperglycemia was not prevented by pimozide, a dopamine receptor blocker, nor by propranolol but was prevented by phentolamine. L-Dopa also increased plasma growth hormone levels without affecting plasma cortisol. The effect on growth hormone was prevented by carbidopa and by phentolamine but not by pimozide; propranolol potentiated the rise in growth hormone. The data suggest that the L-dopa-induced hyperglycemia is due to a peripheral action, whereas stimulation of growth hormone secretion may be due to a central action of a L-dopa metabolite. PMID- 704659 TI - Dietary cholesterol-induced enhancement of hepatic biotransformation rate in male rats. AB - Male rats were fed a cholesterol-free diet for 5 weeks, followed by a 2% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Another group of rats was continuously fed a cholesterol-free diet. A third group was fed standard pelllets during the whole experiment. Hepatic microsomal protein and cholesterol contents and drug metabolizing enzyme activities were measured. The cholesterol-rich diet increased microsomal protein content and this increase disappeared after trypsin digestion of microsomal membranes. Microsomal cholesterol content was enhanced three-fold by cholesterol feeding. Cytochrome P-450 concentration, NADPH cytochrome c reductase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities showed only minor changes following cholesterol feeding. The p-nitroanisole O-demethylase and ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities were doubled by cholesterol in comparison to cholesterol-free diet. Trypsin digestion activated the UDP glucuronosyltransferase enzyme eight- to ten-fold on a protein basis. Trypsin treatment increased the cholesterol activation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase when compared to the activity in native microsomes. The data suggest that dietary cholesterol regulates the cholesterol content of microsomal membranes. The activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes are also altered, possibly due to the compositional changes of the membranes. PMID- 704660 TI - Evaluation of antiulcer activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the Shay rat test. AB - delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibited ulcer formation in the pylorus ligated rat (Shay rat test). However, this antiulcer activity of THC was substantially less than for the anticholinergic substance tridihexethyl chloride both in terms of degree of activity and potency. In addition, the results of the present study suggested different mechanism(s) of action for the antiulcer effects of these substances. PMID- 704662 TI - Accommodation related to the action of ethanol on frog sciatic nerve. AB - Index of accommodation of 32 frog sciatic nerves was studied with exponentially rising currents. Ethanol was mixed with normal Ringer's solution at the following concentrations: 42, 85, 171, and 513 mM. We found a significant increase in the accommodation index. The results were attributed to the sodium conductance change and to a drop in membrane potential elicited by ethanol. The loss of the breakdown in the nerve accommodation curve was interpreted as the ethanol acting mainly on the thinner nerve fibres rather than on the large fibres. PMID- 704661 TI - Carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene metabolites bound to DNA: metabolic formation by human cultured lymphocytes and by human liver microsomes. AB - Sonicates of human cultured lymphocytes metabolize (benzo(a)pyrene to at least two intermediates that bind covalently to deproteinized DNA in vitro. The major peak represents the 4,5-oxide bound to nucleoside(s). No correlation is found between 'aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity' (or its inducibility) and benzo(a)pyrene metabolites generated by human lymphocytes and bound to DNA in vitro. Human liver microsomes produce in vitro at least six such reactive intermediates which, bound to deproteinized DNA nucleosides, are separable by chromatography. The major peak represents the 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxides bound to nucleoside(s): this highly reactive intermediate is believed to be one of the ultimate carcinogenic forms of benzo(a)pyrene. PMID- 704663 TI - Correlations between cannabis-induced psychopathology and EEG before and after drug ingestion. AB - The study investigates EEG characteristics in relation to psychopathology. Tetrahydro-Cannabinol (THC) was taken orally by 12 volunteers. The EEG was recorded continuously, and THC-induced psychopathology was assessed by pre- and post-experiment questionnaires. Subjects had to signal THC experiences. EEG measurements (distribution means of frequency bands derived from EEG frequency analysis) before and after THC were correlated with THC induced psychopathology. High correlations were found before THC ingestion, and after THC during periods without experiences. Thus, the pre-drug EEG indicates predisposition to THC induced body image disturbances and euphoria, and the drug-influenced EEG in periods without experiences indicates the tendency to drug-induced experiences. The predicting EEG parameters were different for THC induced visual experiences and for body image disturbances. PMID- 704664 TI - [Lithium balance in healthy volunteers]. AB - Lithium sulphate in a sustained-release preparation was given to three healthy volunteers during 10 days. The following results were obtained: 1. The daily requirement needed for maintenance of an efficient lithium serum level from 0.7 to 0.8 mmol/l amounts to 30 mval. A steady state level of the serum lithium concentration was achieved after 4 to 5 days. 2. The mean value of lithium clearance amounts to 26.8 ml/min. 3. Approx. 98% of the ingested lithium could be recovered from the urine. 4. 6 days after drug withdrawal the lithium concentration in serum and urine was determined as 0. This result shows that the study of lithium balance can rely on renal excretion excluding other pathways. It is discussed that the simultaneous ingestion of psychortropic drugs and sodium chloride may influence the elimination rate of lithium. PMID- 704665 TI - Thermal insulation of animal coats and human clothing. PMID- 704666 TI - Photon absorptiometry of soft tissue and fluid content: the method and its precision and accuracy. AB - Dichromatic absorptiometry (DA) is a new, non-invasive method for determining soft tissue (STC) and fluid content (FC), and their changes. The technique uses linear transmission scans made across the limbs with a congruent 125I and 241Am dual-photon source and a NaI(TI)--PMT detector. Patient measurements could be made at the bedside with the mobile system. Factors affecting the precision and accuracy were evaluated theoretically and experimentally. Repositioning and subject motion were the greatest sources of variation and limited the precision to 2--3% in normals and 3--7% in patients; instrumental variation was 0.5%. The accuracy was 4% for typical (p10%) fluid changes observed in vivo. The ease, simplicity and small errors of the technique suggest its utility in monitoring the time course and degree of fluid changes in patients. PMID- 704667 TI - RF magnetic field penetration, phase shift and power dissipation in biological tissue: implications for NMR imaging. AB - The magnetic field penetration, phase shift and power deposition in planar and cylindrical models of biological tissue exposed to a sinusoidal time-dependent magnetic field have been investigated theoretically over the frequency range 1 to 100 MHz. The results are based on measurements of the relative permittivity and resistivity dispersions of a variety of freshly excised rat tissue at 37 and 25 degrees C, and are analysed in terms of their implications for human body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. The results indicate that at NMR operating frequencies much greater than about 30 MHz, magnetic field amplitude and phase variations experienced by the nuclei may cause serious distortions in an image of a human torso. The maximum power deposition envisaged during an NMR imaging experiment on a human torso is likely to be comparable to existing long-term safe exposure levels, and will depend ultimately on the imaging technique and NMR frequency employed. PMID- 704668 TI - Transverse section imaging of mean clearance time. AB - Transverse sections representing the magnitude of clearance rates or the mean transit time of radionuclide flow through known volumes of interest are computed from angular projections. First the integrated counts for all time intervals at each projection bin for each angle are computed. These modified projection sums are convolved with a filter and backprojected to form an integrated event image. A second image is formed by backprojected the sum over time of the projected values for each angle weighted time. The ratio of the second image to the first image gives a mean clearance time image with high signal to noise and accuracy after thresholding to remove noise in zero-flow regions. The algorithm is verified by computer simulations and has a major benefit in the savings of computational time by a factor of 10 for anticipated clinical studies of brain and kidney blood flow and lung ventilation and perfusion. PMID- 704670 TI - Error propagation in quantitative biplane cineroentgenography. AB - The propagation of errors in quantitative biplane cineroentgenography was investigated to see which variables were the most critical. The analysis was carried out both for the propagation of root-mean-square errors and for errors as derived by a Taylor expansion of the reconstruction equations. The reconstruction is most sensitive to the measured values of the coordinates, as opposed to the parameters of the physical system. It was found that decreasing the error in one parameter to zero does not significantly affect the accuracy of the reconstruction; it is more efficient to reduce the errors for all of the parameters simultaneously. PMID- 704671 TI - Design of a three-dimensional positron camera for nuclear medicine. AB - A positron camera is proposed for nuclear medical imaging of radionuclide distributions in a series of isolated planes. This three-dimensional localisation is achieved through analysis of four time signals, whose differences directly measure the position (x, y, z) of individual positron annihilation events. A tetrahedronal symmetry is exploited, with two skewed plastic scintillator bars spanning a large sensitive volume. Phototubes on each end of both bars generate fast timing pulses uniquely determining the decay position through a time-of flight technique. The mathematical properties of the transformation from the observed quantities to the spatial distribution of the radionuclide are investigated. A discussion of the efficiency of the system and the effects of Compton scattering in tissue is given. A one-dimensional pilot study encourages the development of the prototype three-dimensional positron camera. PMID- 704669 TI - A comparison of optimum detector spatial resolution in nuclear imaging based on statistical theory and on observer performance. AB - An expression for the expected image of a spherical tumour in a uniform background was derived in terms of background thickness and concentration of radioactivity, the tumour size, depth and uptake ratio, the gamma-ray energy and the detector response function. Three models of human observer performance for tumour detection were developed from different signal-to-noise ratio measures based on the statistical theory of detection. The optimum detector spatial resolution predicted by each model was then compared to that obtained from an observer performance study in which the subjects viewed computer-simulated scintigrams. The predictions from two of these models seem to be consistent with the results of the observer performance study. Model II involves a comparison of the counts integrated over the tumour region with the counts integrated over a background region of the same area. Model III compares the count density estimates of signal-plus-background and background obtained from application of non-uniform weighting functions to the image data. PMID- 704672 TI - Assessment of airborne radon daughter concentrations in dwellings in Great Britain. AB - Calculations of the activity concentration of RaA (218Po) in the air within living rooms and in the outside air were made at 87 dwellings in England and Scotland. From these measurements together with a determination of the ventilation rate existing in the room at the time of the measurements, the rate at which 222Rn is emanating from room surfaces into room air in pCil-1 h-1, can be calculated. For the dwellings studied the mean emanation rate is 0.54 pCil-1 h 1 and on the basis of a mean ventilation rate of one room change per hour throughout the year and assuming an occupancy factor of 0.8 the population exposure rate for the population of Great Britain to the short-lived daughters of 222Rn is estimated to be 0.15 Working Level Months per year. PMID- 704674 TI - A thermoluminescent fast-neutron dosemeter based on pellets of CaSO4: Dy mixed with sulphur. AB - The fast neutron activation reaction 32S(n, p) 32P in CaSO4: Dy has been used in the measurements of fast neutron dose by employing a post-irradiation TL accumulation method. In order to increase the efficiency of the method CaSO4: Dy powder was mixed with sulphur powder in various proportions from which pellets weighing each were made. After neutron irradiation these pellets were each burnt in an aluminium planchette and the phosphor residue with 32P beta activity on it was allowed to undergo self-irradiation for TL accumulation. The fast neutron efficiency of the system employing 10 pellets of 0.1% CaSO4: Dy was found to be about 100 times that of bare CaSO4: Dy powder. PMID- 704673 TI - The influence of thyroid geometry on the response of LiF and CaSO4 thermoluminescent discs to 131I and 125I irradiation. AB - Recent work has demonstrated that LiF and CaSO4 thermoluminescent discs may be used to monitor the effective half-life of radioiodine in the thyroid in man. To provide a firm basis for this work, the radiation field presented by model thyroids to thermoluminescent discs on the surface of a neck phantom has been examined in detail. The influence of thyroid mass, depth and lobe separation, factors which in practice are highly variable, has also been determined. The results demonstrate that the method is sufficiently sensitive to measure less than 0.5 muCi of 131I or 125I in the human thyroid, and that effective half-life determinations should not be influenced by minor positioning errors which may be encountered when placing thermoluminescent discs on the neck surface. PMID- 704675 TI - The distribution and clearance of inhaled UO2 particles on the first bifurcation and trachea of rats. AB - The distribution of inhaled UO2 particles is described in the upper respiratory tract of rats up to 14 d after inhalation. Delayed neutron analysis was used to determine accurately nanogram quantities of UO2 present in excised tissues. The mass of UO2 in the extrapulmonary bronchi and first bifurcation decreased more slowly over 0--8 d after inhalation than the corresponding mass on the trachea. Between 8 and 14 d neither amount altered significantly. Small but significant quantities of UO2 deposited on the trachea during inhalation, remained until at least 14 d after inhalation. PMID- 704676 TI - Calculated responses to a thermal neutron beam for hamster and HeLa cells containing boron-10 at different concentrations. AB - Hamster and HeLa cells containing boron-10 at different concentrations were irradiated by a thermal neutron beam from a reactor. The survival curves were calculated according to the Katz and Sharma theory of track structure for heavy charged particles. The thickness of cell specimens irradiated was taken to be 0.02 cm to enable the first collision dose to be used. The boron-10 concentrations were 0, 2,5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 microgram per g of tissue. For comparison with the experiments of Davis et al. the effect of fast neutorns was taken into account. Values for relative biological effectiveness (RBE) are given for different boron-10 concentrations and various surviving fractions. Isosurvival dose curves are defined and drawn which show the relation between neutron fluences and absorbed dose for different boron-10 concentrations. The RBE values increase with decreasing dose and change only slightly with increasing boron-10 concentration for an equal surviving fraction. Some differences were found between the calculated results for HeLa cells in the thin layer and the experimental data for the cells in a monolayer. The results of the calculations are discussed. PMID- 704677 TI - Density and composition uniformity of A-150 tissue-equivalent plastic. PMID- 704678 TI - An attempt to use thermally stimulated currents in human nail to estimate dose in cases of accidental exposure to ionising radiation. PMID- 704679 TI - An evaluation of 81Rb and 43K for imaging using the performance index technique. PMID- 704680 TI - Studies of the effect of LET on the thermoluminescent properties of thin lithium fluoride layers. PMID- 704681 TI - A cerebral blood flow computer for use in the angiogram theatre. PMID- 704682 TI - Probes for external counting. PMID- 704683 TI - Building winning teams. PMID- 704685 TI - Writing book reviews. PMID- 704684 TI - Reliability of goniometric measurements. AB - This study determined the intratester and intertester variability and reliability of goniometric measurements taken by four physical therapists on upper and lower extremity motions of normal male subjects. The same subjects were measured once weekly for four weeks by testers with varied experience in goniometry. Data were analyzed by analyses of variance with repeated measures. Intratester variation for all measurements was less than intertester variation. Further, intertester variation was less for the three upper extremity motions than for those of the lower extremity. These findings indicate the necessity for using the same tester when effects of treatment are evaluated. When the same tester measures the same movement, increases in joint motion of at least three to four degrees determine improvement for either the upper or lower extremity. When more than one tester, however, measures the same movement, increases in joint motion should exceed five degrees for the upper extremity and six degrees for the lower extremity to determine improvement. PMID- 704686 TI - Altered test position for hip extensor muscles. PMID- 704687 TI - [On the problems of the so-called implosives (author's transl)]. AB - After a short chronology of the investigation, the author discusses the nature of the implosives and the problems resulting from their complexity and ambiguity. One of the main problems is that of the production of voice; the most satisfactory solution is offered by the 'active voice' suggested by HUSSON. From certain phenomena it can be seen that the articulation is based upon the more or less modified movements of the second phase of the act of deglutition; wherein certain reflex-conditioned interdependencies play an important part. As a result, there is not merely one phonemic constituent to be called 'implosion', but two or three different ones, depending on the points of departure of articulation. 'Implosion' is one of the most ancient and archaic manners of articulation. PMID- 704688 TI - A before and after for tonogenesis. AB - The development of tone in Panjabi from the loss of certain consonants has often been cited as an instance of the consonantal origins of a tonal system. Acoustic data demonstrating the correlation between Panjabi tones and Hindi consonants are presented. Panjabi high tone matches a higher fundamental frequency on a Hindi vowel preceding a breathy voiced consonant. Panjabi low tone matches a lower fundamental frequency on a Hindi vowel following a breathy voiced consonant. It is interesting that the data exhibit the spread of the consonantal effect throughout the entire word. PMID- 704689 TI - Effects of cycloheximide on liquid-holding recovery from ultraviolet radiation damage in yeast cells. PMID- 704690 TI - Sedimentation analysis of DNA photooxidized in the presence of thiopyronine. PMID- 704691 TI - Skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 704692 TI - Retinal sensitized photodynamic damage to liposomes. PMID- 704693 TI - Rutaceous constituents. Part 10: A phytochemical and antitumour survey of Malayan rutaceous plants. PMID- 704694 TI - The effects of saikosaponins on biological membranes. 1. The relationship between the structures of saikosaponins and haemolytic activity. PMID- 704695 TI - New indole alkaloids of Strychnos dale and Strychnos elaeocarpa. PMID- 704696 TI - Effects of Momordica charantia L. fruit extract on the testicular function of dog. PMID- 704697 TI - Maokonine, hypertensive principle of Ephedra roots. PMID- 704698 TI - Effect of Chinese medicine "Saiko-Keishi-To" on the abnormal bursting activity of snail neurons. PMID- 704699 TI - Helenalinmethacrylate, a new pseudoguaianolide from the flowers of Arnica montana L. and the sensitizing capacity of their sesquiterpene lactones. PMID- 704700 TI - [Relapse of schizophrenia in inpatients. First report: Two patterns of relapse in hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 704701 TI - [Clinico-electroencephalographical correlation to the underlying neuropathology in neuro-Behcet's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 704702 TI - [Statistical data on centralization in the Tokyo area of the emergency diagnostic service in the evening to Matsuzawa Psychiatric Hospital]. PMID- 704703 TI - [A paraneoplastic syndrome with symptoms of Harada's disease]. AB - As a contribution to the question of participation of the central nervous system in paraneoplastic syndromes an unusual case of hypernephrotic carcinoma with heavy immunopathological disturbances and clinical symptoms like Harada's syndrome is reported. The development of the 63 years old patient's disease, the clinical, haematological, CSF-, biochemical and other laboratory as well as neuroradiological and electrophysiological findings are discussed in detail. Immunosuppressive treatment after nephrectomy repeatedly led to a distinct improvement. PMID- 704704 TI - [Phenytoin intoxication and serum level]. AB - The symptomatology of phenytoin intoxication was observed in 8.4% of 225 adult patients and in 9.5% of 74 children, with symptoms of cerebellar affection being noted in the majority of cases. Phenytoin concentrations were found to lie between 14.4 and 77.7 microgram/ml. Interindividual differences as to the toxic limit were quite considerable: One third of the patients showing values higher than 20 microgram/ml were free of striking clinical symptoms, and one patient tolerated a serum concentration in excess of 30 microgram/ml. On the other hand, the intraindividual toxic limit did not show any major variations: The clinical symptomatology of a patient correlated with his phenytoin serum concentration. After phenytoin withdrawal, the serum concentration dropped exponentially. The half-life periods of elimination were found to be between 72 and 122 hours. PMID- 704705 TI - Interpersonal relationships-in quest of a science. AB - Interpersonal relationships pose problems additional to those arising from social behaviour. If there is to be a science of interpersonal relationships, it must rest on a firm descriptive base. It is suggested that the following categories of dimensions are likely to prove useful: the content of the interactions within the relationship; their diversity; their qualities; their relative frequency and patterning; the nature of their reciprocity v. complementarity; and the intimacy, interpersonal congruency and commitment between the participants. A science of relationships will also require principles concerned with their dynamice. Three likely categories are those concerned with social constraints, with learning, and with positive and negative feedback. Principles concerned with learning will require an adequate categorization of the resources used in interpersonal interactions. The specification of these principles depends on the adequacy of the descriptive base. PMID- 704706 TI - Definitions of schizophrenia: concordance and prediction of outcome. AB - The study reports a comparison of 10 definitions of schizophrenia (Feighner's, Taylor's, Schneider's, Longfeldt's, Spitzer's, Carpenter's, Astrachan's, 2 from Forrest & Hay and Catego) in respect of their reliability, concordance and prediction of outcome. Some (including Feighner's) proved too strict, and others (including Schneider's) were weak predictors of clinical and social state. Four definitions (Spitzer's, Langfeldt's, Carpenter's and Catego) emerged as relatively effective and these also had a somewhat more satisfactory mutual concordance. PMID- 704707 TI - Behavioural syndromes identified by cluster analysis in a sample of 100 severely and profoundly retarded adults. AB - Very little is known about psychiatric disorders in severely and profoundly retarded adults. We have investigated these disorders by systematically recording and collecting data about the behaviour of 100 severely and profoundly retarded hospitalized adults and subjecting the data thus derived to cluster analysis. Eight clusters were isolated. The clinical psychiatric significance of these clusters is discussed and their relationship to cause retardation, duration of stay in hospital and visiting is considered. A diagnostic framework for psychiatric disorder in severely and profoundly retarded adults is put forward and some possible treatment approaches are suggested. PMID- 704708 TI - Have the Samaritans lowered the suicide rate? A controlled study. AB - Suicide rates in towns with a Samaritan branch were compared with rates in matched control towns without a branch. Four methods of choosing controls are described, all of which have advantages over those used by Bagley (1968). No statistically significant differences between Samaritan and control towns were found. The scientific case for the effectiveness of the Samaritans in reducing the suicide rate is therefore seriously weakened. PMID- 704709 TI - Suicide rates in Lusaka, Zambia: preliminary observations. AB - The records of all suicides and of all open verdicts in Lusaka (Zambia) over a 5 year period (1967-71) were studied. The following suicide rates (per 100 000 of the population per annum) were found: 7.4 for all races; 11.3 for men of all races; 3.0 for women of all races; 6.9 for all African residents; 11.2 for African males; 2.2 for African females; 12.8 for all Africans above the age of 14 years; 20.9 for all European residents; 20.7 for all European males; 21.0 for all European females. The male:female ratio among Africans was 5:1. There was a tendency for the suicide rate among Africans to rise with age. Differences in suicide rates between African and European residents were found not to be statistically significant. Though hanging was by far the most commonly used method of suicide by Africans, Europeans and 'doubtful suicides' among Africans preferred other methods to a statistically significant degree. It is suggested that the role of other methods in African suicides may well have been underestimated in the past. No definite seasonal variation in suicide rates was found. Domestic quarrels, mental illness and physical diseases would appear to be some of the important precipitating factors of suicide in Lusaka. It is also suggested that the question of whether or not suicide is rare in Africans cannot be answered until such time as when reliable figures are available in Africa. PMID- 704710 TI - The seasonal incidence of mania and its relationship to climatic variables. AB - Monthly hospital admission rates (HA) for mania were classified by sex, type of admission (first, or re-admission) and by country (England and Wales or Scotland). Of the 8 classes thus created, all but one showed a statistically significant annual cycle with a peak in Summer and trough in Winter. There was no significant difference in phase or amplitude between male and female cycles. A linear increase in yearly re-admission rates was found during the 8 years of the English and the 11 years of the Scottish data. Current month's mean daily temperature (lag0) and last month's (lag1) mean day-length and mean daily hours of sunshine correlated better with admission rate than did the values for other months. In a multiple regression analysis temperature made the other 2 climatic variables redundant in accounting for variation in HA. PMID- 704711 TI - Features of children taken to juvenile court for failure to attend school. AB - The social reports on 84 children taken to court for failure to attend school were studied. Independent raters were able to assess reliably the presence and absence of a variety of variables concerned with the individual's behaviour, school, family, and involvement with social work agencies. In 68 instances teacher's questionnaires measuring psychiatric disturbance had been completed. There was no evidence that truancy in these circumstances is a homogenous condition. At least 3 independent sets of features appear to be involved in most cases. One involves antisocial and educational problems ('clinical truancy'), a second is concerned with adverse social factors and parental complicity ('school withdrawal'), and a third set includes a tendency to social isolation ('school refusal'). There was no evidence that individuals tend to exhibit one of these features to the exclusion of the others. PMID- 704712 TI - Contrasting demographic patterns of minor psychiatric morbidity in general practice and the community. AB - The 60-item General Health Questionnaire was completed by 90% of 4798 patients aged 15--69 years who consulted, on one day, the general practitioners of 97% of practices in the Perth Statistical Division. A point prevalence rate of minor psychiatric morbidity in various demographic groups was calculated in terms of the population at risk. The demographic pattern of morbidity was compared with that found in a probability sample of 2324 community residents drawn from the same population at risk, and surveyed at the same time using the same time using the same screening instrument. Widowed persons, British-born men who had recently migrated to Australia, and lower-social-class men with minor psychiatric morbidity were under-represented in general practice. Elderly men and women in upper-class occupations with minor psychiatric morbidity were over-represented in general practice. These differences, unlike others that were found, could not be explained by differing consulting habits or by differing completion rates of the screening instrument. PMID- 704713 TI - A further test of Foulds' personality and personal illness differentiae in a psychiatric group. AB - Test and retest scores on the Symptom Rating Test (SRT), Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) and Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) were obtained from 45 non psychotic psychiatric in-patients. The change in scores and the score distributions were examined to assess the extent to which these tests meet Foulds' criteria for measures belonging respectively to the universes of personality and personal illness. MPI Extraversion emerged as a stable, normally distributed, personality trait in contrast to the SRT which showed the characteristics of a symptom-state measure. MPI Neuroticism and MAS scores could not be allocated definitively to either universe and seemed to be hybrids. It is suggested that more attention be paid to the 'purity' of scales if meaningful interpretation is to be made in treatment assessment. PMID- 704714 TI - The effect of fluphenazine on basal prolactin concentrations. AB - The effect of fluphenazine on basal human prolactin (hPRL) concentrations was studied in 10 male schizophrenics who had received fluphenazine treatment for at least 6 months, in 10 male alcoholics before and during the first week of fluphenazine treatment and in 8 alcoholics at daily intervals before and after treatment. The results were compared with basal hPRL concentrations in 17 healthy male controls. Investigations involved giving fluphenazine (Modecate)by intramuscular injection and taking blood samples at appropriate intervals by venepuncture. Basal hPRL concentrations were significantly increased in the schizophrenics. The alcoholics showed a significant rise in hPRL concentrations after fluphenazine but there was considerable variation in hPRL levels between individual patients. Most patients showed marked elevation of daily hPRL levels with peak concentrations occurring 5--6 days after the injection. The results demonstrate that fluphenazine elevates basal hPRL levels and the variation between levels of individual patients merits further investigation. PMID- 704715 TI - Multicompartmental analysis of amino acids: II. Tryptophan in affective disorder. AB - Two of the tryptophan pools in the body and their associated fluxes, as defined by multicompartmental analysis, were studied in patients with unipolar affective disorder, bipolar patients (manic) and control subjects. The 2 pools were tentatively associated with extra- and intra-cellular compartments. The investigations were performed fasting and may have been mildly stressful. Under these conditions the concentration of tryptophan in plasma and perhaps amounts in the extracellular space were reduced in unipolar depression, with intermediate values after recovery. Some model parameters were lower in females than in males. The results in unipolar affective disorder were interpreted in terms of a previously presented hypothesis that this illness may result in an idiosyncratic response to stress in which patients are unable to maintain normal amounts of tryptophan in the body. In manic patients extracellular levels of tryptophan were unchanged but intracellular and total quantities of 'freely available' tryptophan may have been reduced. PMID- 704716 TI - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in chronic alcoholism. AB - Previous reports suggest that high serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity may be associated with vulnerability to alcoholism. However, there are also contradictory studies in the literature. Therefore we measured serum DBH in chronic alcoholics followed for 12 months in a treatment programme after psychiatric hospitalization for acute alcoholism. Mean serum DBH activity in the alcoholics was unchanged from controls at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months following hospital discharge. These data imply that serum DBH activity does not provide a useful metabolic screen for vulnerability to chronic alcoholism. However, prospective studies of patients at high risk to develop alcoholism will be helpful in further clarification of this issue. PMID- 704717 TI - Clinical Research Centre Division of Psychiatry 1974-1977. PMID- 704718 TI - The unipolar--bipolar distinction in the depressive disorders. PMID- 704719 TI - Lateral eye movements and hemispheric asymmetry: a critical review. PMID- 704720 TI - Lunacy and the moon. PMID- 704721 TI - Clinical psychophysics: applications of ratio scaling and signal detection methods to research on pain, fear, drugs, and medical decision making. PMID- 704722 TI - Nonmotor functions of the cerebellum. PMID- 704723 TI - Perceptions of clients by professional helpers. PMID- 704724 TI - Joint receptors do not provide a satisfactory basis for motor timing and positioning. PMID- 704725 TI - Timing and positioning of limb movements: comments of Adams' theory. PMID- 704726 TI - Nursing students: stereotypically feminine. PMID- 704727 TI - Locus of control and weight loss in joiners and non-joiners of weight reduction organizations. PMID- 704728 TI - Suicidal intent in successive suicidal actions. PMID- 704729 TI - Methodological problems in describing the addictive personality. PMID- 704730 TI - Effects of varying amounts of assertive training on level of assertiveness and anxiety reduction in women. PMID- 704731 TI - Relationship between extraversion and neuroticism, and intelligence for students in grade nine English and mathematics. PMID- 704732 TI - Associates by age, sex, and method to aggressive words with double meaning. PMID- 704733 TI - Experimenter-suggested cognitions and pain control: problem of spontaneous strategies. PMID- 704734 TI - Valence of arousal and emotive imagery. PMID- 704735 TI - Relation of suggestibility to obesity. PMID- 704736 TI - Ineffectiveness of an aversion therapy technique in treatment of obsessional thinking. PMID- 704737 TI - The Bem sex-role inventory: a North-South comparison. PMID- 704738 TI - Comparison of the WAIS and Leiter International Performance Scale in a large urban community mental health setting. PMID- 704739 TI - Attitudes toward love, irrationality, and locus of control. PMID- 704740 TI - Malleability of preference for therapists' response style. PMID- 704741 TI - Self-concept disturbance among mothers who abuse their children. PMID- 704742 TI - Multidimensionality of locus of control and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. PMID- 704743 TI - Sex differences and life event experiences. PMID- 704745 TI - Evaluation of clinical experiences in nursing education. PMID- 704744 TI - Interrelations of psychiatric diagnosis, psychological profile and ethnic background. PMID- 704746 TI - Intellectual characteristics of juvenile murderers versus status offenders. PMID- 704747 TI - Effects of defensiveness on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. PMID- 704748 TI - Social class and ethnicity effects on clinical judgments. PMID- 704749 TI - Modulation of high affinity GABA uptake into hippocampal synaptosomes by glucocorticoids. PMID- 704750 TI - Effect of dopamine and neuroleptics on plasma growth hormone and prolactin in normal men. PMID- 704751 TI - Paranoid-hallucinatory state induced in a depressive patient by methyldopa: a case report. PMID- 704752 TI - Participation of substance P in the action of haloperidol. PMID- 704753 TI - D-amphetamine administration reduces substance P concentration in the rat striatum. PMID- 704755 TI - Ultramicro analysis of peptides. PMID- 704754 TI - Neuropharmacological studies of prolactin secretion. PMID- 704756 TI - Brain lesions and psychostimulant drugs. PMID- 704757 TI - Establishment of tetrahydrobiopterin as the hydroxylase cofactor and a review of some recent studies in man. PMID- 704758 TI - Role of hydroxylase cofactor in serotonin biosynthesis. PMID- 704759 TI - Regional and subcellular distribution and factors in the regulation of reduced pterins in rat brain. PMID- 704760 TI - Hydroxylase cofactor in human CSF--an index of central aminergic activity. PMID- 704761 TI - Preliminary evaluation of hydroxylase cofactor in human spinal fluid: potential biochemical and clinical relevance for psychiatric disorders. PMID- 704762 TI - Nutritional and precursor control of brain acetylcholine synthesis. PMID- 704763 TI - Adrenergic-cholinergic balance in affective disorders. PMID- 704765 TI - Psychopharmacology of the retarded: present and future. PMID- 704764 TI - Plasma imipramine and desmethylimipramine concentration and clinical response in childhood enuresis. PMID- 704766 TI - Dyskinetic phenomena in children treated with psychotropic medications. PMID- 704767 TI - Measurement of drug effects in autistic children. PMID- 704768 TI - Striatal membrane 3H-dopamine binding in an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 704769 TI - Receptor-cell sensitivity modification (RSM) as a model for pathogenesis and treatment of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 704771 TI - Biological and behavioral predictors to treatment in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 704770 TI - Methylphenidate and physostigmine as diagnostic tools. PMID- 704772 TI - Statistical strategies for prediction of clinical response: performance tests as predictors of reduction in psychopathology. PMID- 704773 TI - Transcultural psychopharmacology. Summary of the symposium. PMID- 704774 TI - Treatment of psychosomatic illness. PMID- 704775 TI - The psychophysiology of stress. PMID- 704776 TI - Managing chronic pain. PMID- 704777 TI - Medical clinic patients with emotional disorders. PMID- 704779 TI - What the family physician expects from the psychiatrist. PMID- 704778 TI - Blepharospasm: organic or functional? PMID- 704780 TI - Sexual activity in chronic pain patients. PMID- 704781 TI - Suicide vs right to refuse treatment in the chronically ill. PMID- 704782 TI - Group counseling for cancer patients in a community hospital. PMID- 704783 TI - [Concepts and the reality of supply with psychosomatic therapy in western germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 704784 TI - [Psychagogic treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 704785 TI - Lead: an E.E.C. directive. PMID- 704786 TI - Subnormal service. PMID- 704787 TI - A four week study of accidents to children in South Glamorgan. PMID- 704788 TI - A child health service or a child health system? PMID- 704789 TI - Typhoid: diagnostic difficulties and their implications for medical officers for environmental health. PMID- 704790 TI - A challenge for the future--a positive approach to community medicine. PMID- 704791 TI - R.A.W.P. and the achievement of equity in the National Health Service. PMID- 704792 TI - Initial development of national guidelines for health planning. PMID- 704793 TI - Public health concerns in the exposure of grape pickers to high pesticide residues in Madera County, Calif., September 1976. PMID- 704794 TI - Health attitudes and beliefs of the urban elderly. PMID- 704795 TI - Patterns of prescription and nonprescription drug use in a southern rural area. PMID- 704796 TI - Community surveillance for cerebrovascular disease: the Framingham Cardiovascular Disease Survey. PMID- 704797 TI - Effect of smoking and recent life changes upon onset of diseases of the circulatory system. PMID- 704798 TI - The health promotion organization: a practical intervention designed to promote healthy living. PMID- 704800 TI - Leprosy in the United States, 1967-76. PMID- 704799 TI - Effects of rise in food costs on hemoglobin concentrations of early school-age children, 1972-75. AB - In a hematologic survey conducted in 1972, microcythemia in school children was found to be associated with microcythemia in other family members. The association of cultural characteristics of chronic poverty with reduced red cell volume suggested nutritional iron deficiency. A resurvey of families was made in 1975. For 39 children between the ages of 3 and 10 years at the time of both surveys, mean hemoglobin concentration (HGB) decreased from 21.0 g/dl to 10.8 g/dl. Thirteen infants, 6 months to 3 years of age in 1972, in the resurveyed families had mean HGB of 11.5 g/dl as compared to 10.4 g/dl for 9 similarly aged children newly born into the resurvey families. The rate of somatic growth was unchanged during the interval between survey. During the interval between 1972 and 1975, food costs rose nationally, and the purchase of meat products decreased both nationally and (as found in this study) locally. The data suggest that the high cost of foods rich in micronutrients may increase the prevalence of iron deficiency in an impoverished community. PMID- 704802 TI - Miniaturisation of x-ray films. PMID- 704801 TI - Educational needs as perceived by community health decision makers. PMID- 704803 TI - The reported film storage problem solved? 100 MM FILM MINIATURISATION USING THE Oldelft, Delcopex and Odelcard system. AB - The case for film miniaturisation is argued. This system as practised at Kettering General is described. Some possible future applications of the system are discussed. I hope I may have stimulated some thought, or even argument as to our future in these directions. PMID- 704804 TI - Notes on X-ray film speeds. PMID- 704805 TI - Sensitivity of ultrasound in the detection of biliary tract obstruction. AB - In 28 patient with varying degrees of biliary obstruction, the ultrasonic findings were correlated with the serum bilirubin levels and with the size of the bile ducts as measured by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). With ultrasound, study of the intrahepatic ducts achieved the greatest accuracy (71%); examination of common bile ducts and the gallbladder were found to be less sensitive (54 and 53%). Ultrasound proved to be very accurate in biliary obstruction, when the serum bilirubin was above 4.8 mg/100 ml (80 mumol/1). PMID- 704806 TI - Temporo-mandibular joint changes in renal osteodystrophy. AB - The radiologic study of temporo-mandibular joints in patients undergoing long term haemodialysis has led to documentation of osteodystrophic changes in 6 patients: 2 were asymptomatic and 4 had referred to pain. The roentgenologic picture of this unusual abnormally varies from a simple decrease of bone density to resorption of the condylar head. PMID- 704807 TI - Pneumatosis intestinalis in a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - This paper presents the case history of a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, in whom pneumatosis intestinalis developed. The lesions disappeared in response to oxygen therapy. Arteriography revealed evidence of mesenteric arteritis. The patient subsequently developed paralytic ileus with lesions of the intestinal wall, probably based on ischemia as a result of this arteritis. PMID- 704808 TI - Combination of lymphography and arteriography in the detection of lymph node metastases in malignant melanoma. Report of two cases. AB - 2 cases of malignant melanoma with lymph node metastases evaluated by lymphography and arteriography are reported. This combination of methods established the extent of lymphatic dissemination which neither method alone had managed, irrespective of the sequence of the examinations. PMID- 704809 TI - Value of biplane computerized tomography in agenesis of the corpus callosum. A case history. AB - A case of agenesis of the corpus callosum is described in a 21-year-old male, presenting with epilepsy. Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning was performed using axial and coronal sections. The diagnosis of agenesis was suggested by the presence of an enormous third ventricle, the coronal sections gave the definite proof. In our opinion, biplane CT scan appearances in this condition are characteristic and former investigations (PEG, cerebral angiography) become unnecessary. PMID- 704810 TI - Radioisotope determination of fat absorption. AB - A diagnostic method is presented for the quantitative determination of fat absorption. The method utilizes breath analysis of radioactive 14CO2 and involves the measurement of both the fat and fatty acid absorption curves, whereby the fat absorption curve is directly compared to the fatty acid absorption curve for a particular patient. The test results are standardized by fitting all measurements to a gamma-density function. PMID- 704811 TI - Radiobiological considerations in multifraction irradiation. AB - The initial shape of a cellular dose-survival curve is a factor of major importance in determining radiotherapy responses. It is probable that survival curves for mammalian cells exposed to X- and gamma-rays, as well as higher LET beams have an initial exponential region after which they bend downwards. The slope of this initial segment of the curve, and more importantly, the width of the shoulder before it bends significantly are the subject of the investigations to be reported. Because of the difficulty in measuring the biological effects of low doses of radiation--particularly in vivo--we have used multifraction experiments to determine the effects of the fractional doses. Such studies help determine the width of the shoulder and, with less precision, the slope of the initial part of the curve. The tissues we have studied include the bone marrow, testis, fibrovasculature, transplantable tumors, and the gastrointestinal tract. The results will be presented and some of the difficulties in their interpretation will be discussed. PMID- 704812 TI - Simple computer method for equivalent square therapy field determination. AB - A simple BASIC computer program allows rapid determination of the equivalent squares of irregular radiation therapy fields. A port film or scale drawing of the irregular field is outlined manually on a spark tablet digitizer, and the side length of the square of equivalent area to perimeter ratio is rapidly calculated and returned by the computer. PMID- 704813 TI - Obstructing lesions of the larynx and trachea in infants and children. PMID- 704814 TI - Computed tomography of the larynx. PMID- 704815 TI - Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx by radiation. PMID- 704816 TI - Endoscopy and surgery of the larynx and trachea. PMID- 704817 TI - Malignant tumors of the larynx. AB - A rational choice of treatment for patients with malignant tumors of the larynx depends upon a thorough evaluation of the location, size, and extent of the lesion. Roentgenological examinations of the larynx are a valuable adjunct to clinical and laryngoscopic examinations. In interpretation of roentgenographic findings of malignant tumors of the larynx, a good knowledge of the anatomy of the head and neck, and of the nature, history, and routes of spread of the lesions of the larynx is essential. A correct interpretation needs careful scrutiny of all the roentgenograms; only a persistent abnormality should be regarded as significant. Many of the changes are subtle and require judicious elucidation. Others are quite straightforward and easily recognized. Constant attention to details and willingness to use wisely the different techniques are necessary if the maximum contribution to the diagnosis and management of malignant tumors of the laynx is to be achieved. PMID- 704818 TI - Cartilaginous tumors of the larynx and trachea. PMID- 704819 TI - Benign, non-neoplastic conditions of the larynx and pharynx. PMID- 704820 TI - Tracheal stenosis: an analysis of 151 cases. PMID- 704821 TI - Trauma of the larynx and trachea. PMID- 704822 TI - Roentgenologic investigations of the larynx and trachea. PMID- 704823 TI - Myelography of the dog: problems and methods. AB - In the dog, myelography is complicated by problems arising from contrast media and canine anatomy, but it can still be a useful diagnostic aid when precise technique and supplemental medication are used. PMID- 704824 TI - Brief encounter: origin of patient communication. AB - Although the amount of time a technologist spends with a patient may be brief, the attitude and approach he uses with that patient is of utmost importance. By being acutely sensitive to the often unspoken thoughts and feelings of the patient, the technologist can respond with the words, touch, or facial expression that will let the patient know he is recognized as a human being and that his needs are understood and are being responded to with empathetic concern. PMID- 704825 TI - Patient-radiologic technologist interpersonal relationship and how it can be improved. AB - The "team approach" is the most recent innovation to patient care in this country. It is theorized that by functioning as a "team" medical care can be improved. This may well be the case if everyone is a member of the "team." The author believes many radiologic technologists are not on the "team" because educators are not providing students with the necessary skills. PMID- 704826 TI - ICRU submits new radiation unit system and reports. PMID- 704827 TI - National committee for the quality of health care. PMID- 704828 TI - Instructor qualifications in radiography. PMID- 704829 TI - Flying lateral technique for thoracic myelography. AB - Because of the difficulty in obtaining lateral projections in thoracic myelography, this area is frequently neglected. This article discusses the technique developed at Medical Center Del Oro Hospital, Houston, Texas, for imaging the contrast filled thoracic subarachnoid space in the lateral projection. PMID- 704830 TI - [Reappraisement of lymphangiography in Hodgkin's disease. Comparison with 109 primary staging laparatomies (author's transl)]. AB - Accuracy of lymphangiography was estimated in 109 patients with Hodgkin's disease by comparing its results with those of primary staging laparotomy. Accurate lymphangiographic diagnosis was achieved in 90% of involved and 85% of non involved para-aortic lymph nodes, respectively. 11 of 12 false-positive cases were due to over-interpretation of lymph nodes exhibiting no enlargement but showing filling defects. Involvement without enlargement of lymph nodes appears to be a rare, even in young patients. Although staging laparotomy is of advantage, particularly when other methods fail to give reliable results, lymphangiography is still a valuable method for staging of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 704831 TI - [Lymphographic demonstration of lymphnode fibrosis in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 9 of 450 patients with Hodgkin's disease the fibrosis of retroperitoneal lymphnodes has been diagnosed by lymphangiographys. 5 cases with fibrosis were assigned to the clinical stage III B, and 4 cases to the stage IV B. According to the microscopic subclassification nodular sclerosis was diagnosed 7 times, the mixed type and lymphocytic depletion were found in 1 case. Lymphnode fibrosis developed spontaneously in 1 case, in three other patients following cytostatic treatment and in 5 patients after combination of radiation and chemotherapy. It has been concluded from these results that lymphnode fibrosis is induced mostly by therapy. Spontaneous fibrosis is a rare event in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 704832 TI - [Varicella pneumonia in a patient with Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Varicella and primary varicella pneumonia occurred in a patient with advanced Hodgkin's disease. The radiological characteristics are shown. Various relations between varicella, herpes zoster infections and Hodgkin's disease are discussed briefly. PMID- 704833 TI - [Alterations of pulmonary patterns in roentgenographic follow up studies in respiratory distress of newborns and prematures (author's transl)]. AB - The most common causes of respiratory distress in the newborn and the frequently rapidly changing pulmonary pattern in the follow up studies are presented. Various degrees of the hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia are demonstrated as well as the different changes of the pulmonary pattern in controlled and assisted ventilation, recurrent atelectasis, dystelectasis, emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Chest film follow up series are demonstrated. The differential diagnosis includes pulmonary aspiration syndrome, the neonatal pneumonia and emergency cases in pediatric surgery (here an example of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia). PMID- 704834 TI - [Pathological and roentgenographic morphology in different stages of pulmonary shock (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary shock syndrome may be better understood by comparing morphological and patho-physiological alterations in different stages. In the very early stage only fine structural tracer studies in experimental animals elicit morphological alterations of the microcirculation in the alveolar wall. These findings can be related to changes of ventilatory and blood-gas parameters. After a short interval microscopic and radiological features correspond. Interstitial pulmonary edema is the main syndrome of shock lung. PMID- 704835 TI - [The dynamics of roentgenographic morphology in pulmonary lesions demonstrated by miliary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - The process of disappearance of small inflammatory pulmonary lesions is demonstrated by way of miliary tuberculosis. The dynamics of the healing process are described by the roentgenographic morphology, and the alterations of remaining pulmonary infiltrates to scars within the anatomical pulmonary structures are illustrated. The concept of apparent complete restitution is explained and the importance of the recognition of late pulmonary alterations is emphasized. PMID- 704836 TI - Quantitative method to determine the liver size. AB - The need for quantitative methods to determine the liver size has not been generally recognized at the clinic. Subjective evaluation of the size of the organ in roentgenograms is unsatisfactory, which is seen when subjective records are compared with the liver volume calculated by quantitative roentgenologic method. PMID- 704837 TI - [Combination of cystic dilatation of the hepatic, common, and intrahepatic bile ducts (author's transl)]. AB - Common duct cysts are a rare entity. The combination of cystic alterations of the entire bile duct system is less known. Etiology, classification, and Roentgen signs are described in a case presentation with common duct cyst and marked ectasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts. PMID- 704838 TI - [The overgrowth of cartilaginous and fibrous structures in Paget's Disease (author's transl)]. AB - The overgrowth of cartilaginous and fibrous tissue of the spine in Paget's disease is described in long-term follow-up studies. On cervical manifestation the disease progressed from one vertebrae to the other with destruction of the intervertebral discs, fusion of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral joints and shortening of the affected area. On the lower thoracic and lumbar spine osteomalacia with collapse of the vertebral bodies and biconvex deformities of the discs were seen in the initial period. Several years later the discs flattened, vaulted and fused in the periphery by dystrophic bone. Fusion of the corresponding intervertebral joints and ossification fo the intervertebral ligaments developed. The involved spine was shortened. The sarcroiliacal joint spaces were obliterated in cases with involvement of adjacent bones by Paget's disease. The overgrowth advanced from the periphery towards the center. Ankylosis of sacroiliacal joints has also been observed without fusion of the intervertebral disc spaces. Relatively low age, loss of height, invalidating bone pains and osteomalacia of the pelvis were the main features in cases with spinal changes. Osteomalacia of the spine followed by ossification of intervertebral ligaments and joint capsules and later by vertebral fusion are considered to be a special form of Paget's disease. PMID- 704839 TI - Saddle cancers of the colon and their progression to annular carcinomas. AB - Twenty-five cases of flat, ulcerating colonic carcinomas with heaped-up margins and central ulcerations were studied at various stages of growth. If not found at an early stage, a flat carcinoma will progress to an annular carcinoma. A retrospective evaluation of 8 "negative" colon examinations revealed the tumor as a contour defect, often on only one view, 9 months to 7 years before actual radiographic diagnosis of annular carcinoma. The primary symptom in 21 of the 25 patients was bleeding and there was a high incidence of local and distant spread. PMID- 704840 TI - Polypoid colonic lesions undetected by endoscopy. AB - Fifty-four endoscopically missed colonic polypoid lesions reveal the limitations of colonic endoscopy. Colonoscopy failed to identify 31 of the lesions, whereas 24 lesions were initially missed by proctosigmoidoscopy. One polypoid tumor of the rectosigmoid junction was missed by both. Most undetected lesions ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 cm. Endoscopic and radiologic diagnostic techniques are clearly complementary. Their combined diagnostic accuracy exceeds that of either technique alone. If results of the two methods conflict, one or both should be repeated. With a combined approach, completely missed lesions can be kept at a minimum. PMID- 704841 TI - Correlative studies of the histological and radiographic appearance of the breast parenchyma. AB - A total of 143 breast biopsies were compared with xeroradiographic images. N1 breasts showed normal stroma, ducts, and lobules; P1 breasts had mild to moderate perioductal and perilobular fibrosis with some atypical lobules and other low grade lesions; P2 was similar to P1 but with more fibrosis and higher-grade atypical lobules; and DY was generally similar to P2 but with more high-grade atypical lobules and extensive, confluent fibrosis. The highest grades of precancerous epithelial abnormality appear to be found in P2 and DY, seldom in P1, and very rarely in N1. Xeroradiographic and histological risk grades show very close correlation. PMID- 704842 TI - Therapeutic embolization for hemorrhage from locally recurrent cancer of the breast. AB - Embolization therapy is reported in three patients bleeding from metastatic carcinoma of the breast. Two had life threatening hemorrhage from sternal erosion; internal mammary arteriography indicated encasement, false aneurysm formation or tumor blush. The third patient had intermittent bleeding of extensive fungating axillary and anterior chest wall metastases. Autologous clot alone was used in the first case with immediate cessation of bleeding and transient neurological symptoms secondary to back flow of thrombus into the vertebral artery were noted. The second and third patients received Oxycel-Ivalon and Gel-foam respectively; bleeding ceased and no complications were noted. PMID- 704843 TI - Arteriovenous shunts involving the liver. AB - Arteriovenous shunting in the liver is a rare angiographic finding. Review of the literature shows that most cases are related to trauma or neoplasm. The authors discuss several entities which should also be included in the differential diagnosis, among them congenital arteriovenous malformations or hemangiomas of the liver and pancreas, cirrhosis with rearterialization of the liver, hepatic abscess, hypervascular liver metastases, and primary tumors with invasion of the portal and hepatic veins by arterial neovasculature. PMID- 704844 TI - Gossypiboma--the problem of the retained surgical sponge. AB - Commonly used surgical sponges and appliances all have standardized, readily recognized opaque markers visible on radiographs. When these markers are identified on postoperative radiographs, they should be assumed to represent retained surgical sponges or appliances. With the rare exception of thoracotomy dressings, these marked materials are seldom, if ever, used as external bandaging materials. AP and lateral radiographs should provide an immediate answer as to the location of any retained surgical device. The early recognition of these retained surgical sponges should eliminate most complications related to their presence. PMID- 704846 TI - The use of the bristle brush for transcatheter embolization. AB - Small nylon brushes with a stainless steel core have been found safe and effective for transcatheter arterial occlusion. Studies performed in 14 dogs demonstrate the brushes result in rapid occlusion of the renal artery. Follow-up studies for periods up to ten months document the safety and permanence of the occlusion. The animal studies reported herein suggest that these devices can be safely used in humans in cases where large artery occlusion is desired. PMID- 704845 TI - Non-neoplastic congenital and acquired renal arteriovenous malformations and fistulas. AB - Abnormal renal arteriovenous communications were documented by renal angiography in 21 patients. Included were congenital malformations, traumatic fistulas and spontaneous fistulas associated with renal arterial disease. Each type exhibited characteristic angiographic features. Overt clinical manifestations were observed in more than half the cases. Specific treatment depended upon type, location and size of the arteriovenous communication. Small, covert renal fistulas and malformations were managed conservatively. Five medium size symptomatic intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas and one malformation were successfully treated by transcatheter embolization. Large lesions, especially when associated with renal arterial disease, may be more appropriately treated by surgery. PMID- 704847 TI - A new, simple test for renin sampling. AB - In 8 of 18 patients with suspected diagnosis of renovascular hypertension, the resting renin values were inconclusive. However, following tourniquet stress, the values became positive. Sixteen of 18 patients showed significant decrease in blood pressure following surgery. The procedure was well tolerated, and its routine use is recommended. PMID- 704848 TI - Angiography of intimal and intramural arterial injuries. AB - Fifteen patients with injuries disrupting the tunica intima and media are reviewed and 5 cases demonstrating the typical angiographic appearance of these injuries described. In all 15, the tunica adventitia remained intact and pulses were present on the initial physical examination. Injuries described include subintimal hemorrhages with and without an associated tear of the intima and a complete tear of both the tunica intima and media with the tunica adventitia intact. The authors conclude that angiography is the best preoperative diagnostic procedure for these injuries; it should be used whenever the trauma involves a site near a major vessel. PMID- 704849 TI - Cardiovascular trauma from angiographic jets--validation of a theoretic concept in dogs. AB - The relationship of angiographic injections to cardiovascular trauma was determined. The aorta of dogs was studied by a mathematic model that (a) defines the kinetic energy of contrast-media jets emanating from the exit holes of catheters and (b) enables precise correlation of energy levels to potential trauma. A universal curve independent of the Reynolds number of the jet readily determines how far the jet penetrates intravascular blood. A traumatic histopathologic spectrum was found for those injections predicted by the model to be traumatic. The curve enables the angiographer to calculate the safe operating range of any catheter. PMID- 704850 TI - Lymphatico-osseous communication and primary lymphedema. AB - A lymphatico-osseous communication was demonstrated by lymphangiography in a patient with primary lymphedema of the left leg. The superficial lymph vessels were markedly hyperplastic and contrast medium was visible within the epiphyseal portions of the femur, tibia, fibula, and foot bones. Biopsy of the affected femur showed no abnormality. PMID- 704851 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy without pachyderma. AB - There are two types of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy; (a) the secondary type, by far the most common and usually associated with bronchogenic carcinoma; and (b) the idiopathic type, a rare disorder occurring predominantly in males and not associated with any known disease process. Both may be associated with peculiar skin changes known as pachyderma. When idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (IHOA) is associated with pachyderma it is called pachydermoperiostosis. In extremely rare instances, IHOA may occur without pachyderma. Three such cases are described. PMID- 704852 TI - Bedside radiographic examinations: indications and contraindications. AB - Indications for requesting and performing bedside radiographic examinations in an institutional setting are proposed. A prospective study of such examinations was made in a 500-bed hospital. All nursing units were evaluated for criteria used in requesting bedside examinations. It was found that general medical and surgical wards generate the greatest percentage of bedside studies, and yet their criteria for requesting such studies yielded the lowest percentage of validity. General criteria for utilization of mobile radiographic equipment could lead to better radiographs and improved allocation of equipment and personnel. PMID- 704853 TI - Informal use of decision theory to improve radiological patient management. AB - Six radiologists reviewed 50 urograms to determine whether arteriography or needle aspiration should be recommended for evaluation of a space-occupying renal lesion. In addition to their usual decision methods, they were encouraged to think about the problem from a decision theory viewpoint. No computations were required. It was found that even informal, non-numerical application of decision theory resulted in improved outcomes; further improvement was noted with explicit use of numerical methods. PMID- 704854 TI - The frequency of radiolucencies underlying cephalohematomas. AB - The authors studied skull radiographs of 66 infants with cephalohematoma. Twenty three (35%) had radiolucencies in the skull; most of the radiolucent defects were associated with beginning or extensive ossification over the cephalohematoma. Radiolucency associated with cephalohematoma is a frequent finding and rarely indicates local infection. PMID- 704855 TI - Critical aortic stenosis in neonates. AB - Twelve infants with valvular aortic stenosis manifested symptoms of heart failure during the first 2 months of life. Nine became symptomatic and demonstrated cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion during the first week of life. The other 3 infants became symptomatic at 3-8 weeks. Echocardiograms revealed normal or enlarged left atrial and ventricular dimensions excluding hypoplastic left heart. Left ventriculography demonstrated segmental dysfunction in 7 infants and generalized hypokinesis in 2 others. Trabecular effacement corresponded with the sites of left ventricular dysfunction. Postoperative studies revealed a decrease in cardiac size and improvement in segmental dysfunction in most infants. PMID- 704856 TI - Pulmonary varix in early infancy: case report with 8-year follow up. AB - The second case of a pulmonary varix documented in the neonatal period is reported. It is important to be aware that this entity may be encountered in the pediatric age group when considering the differential diagnosis of a solitary density in the lung of an infant or young child. PMID- 704857 TI - Computed tomography of herpes simplex encephalitis, with clinicopathological correlation. AB - The computed tomographic (CT), clinical, and pathologic findings in 9 patients with biopsy-proven herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) were reviewed. Seventeen scans (5 plain, 12 contrast enhanced) were analyzed. The major CT finding was a low-absorption abnormality, present in 11 of 17 scans (64%), affecting primarily the temporal lobes. Mass effect was evident in 9 of 17 (52%). Of the 12 contrast enhanced scans, 6 (50%) showed an abnormal enhancement pattern affecting primarily the sylvian fissure and opercular areas. CT abnormalities are characteristic enough that, in the proper clinical setting, they lend support to the correct diagnosis. PMID- 704858 TI - Computed tomography of herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - On the initial computed tomographic (CT) scan in 10 of 13 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), the most characteristic finding was a unilateral, low density lesion in the medial temporal lobe and/or insular cortex. This lesion was seen in all patients as the disease progressed. When associated with hemorrhage and streaked contrast enhancement this lesion added specificity to the CT scan, but this situation occurred in only 3 patients. Early in the course of HSE, focal CT findings localized the temporal lobe of greatest involvement in 12 patients; 1 had a normal initial CT scan. PMID- 704859 TI - Computed tomography of subcapsular splenic hematoma. Clinical and experimental studies. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 3 patients and 2 dogs with subcapsular hematoma of the spleen. When fresh blood is in the subcapsular space, the hematoma may have the same attentuation value as the adjacent spleen, making it difficult to identify unless contrast material is injected. As the hematoma ages, the attenuation value decreases. CT appears to be a simple and accurate method of diagnosing a subcapsular splenic hematoma. PMID- 704860 TI - Diagnosis of nonopaque calculi by computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography can aid in the distinction of calculi from both tumors and clots in the urinary tract. Its availability, simplicity of interpretation, and noninvasiveness establish it as an important diagnostic modality in selected cases when calculus is in the differential diagnosis of upper urinary tract filling defects. PMID- 704861 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of disorders affecting the alimentary tract. AB - The use of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing disorders affecting the hollow viscera of the alimentary tract has received little attention. The authors reviewed CT scans of 43 patients on which lesions affecting the gastrointestinal tract were demonstrated. All cases were correlated with barium-enema examinations, surgical reports, or autopsy findings. CT can provide valuable information on the extraluminal extent of masses arising in the bowel, mesenteric masses, and can define and characterize extrinsic lesions. The authors's results suggest that CT is a useful adjunct in evaluating intramural or mesenteric lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 704862 TI - Patient dosage in computed tomography. AB - The maximum surface dosage in most clinical CT scans seems to range from 2-10 rads/study but much larger dose per study values seem possible with both rotate translate and rotary geometry designs. The CT scanner type in itself does not significantly reduce doses. Secondary radiation dose values were measured for critical organs and indicate that dosage from secondary radiations may be reduced significantly by external shielding. Dose values in the vicinity of most CT scanners are typically 1-2 mrad/scan at 1 meter at the parameters of a typical clinical scan. PMID- 704863 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of dilatation of the ascending aorta using right parasternal scanning. AB - With the ultrasound transducer positioned at the second or third right intercostal space, the ascending aorta was visualized in 8 patients in whom dilatation of the ascending aorta had been demonstrated radiographically. The diameter of the ascending aorta by right parasternal scan, with the transducer held perpendicular to the chest wall, measured 4.2-6 cm. The aortic root diameter (at aortic valve level) recorded by conventional left parasternal scan was normal or only slightly increased in 5 cases, but in 3 others it approached the value obtained by right parasternal scan. Aortography performed in 3 patients demonstrated marked dilatation of the ascending aorta. PMID- 704864 TI - High-resolution real-time ultrasound in the evaluation of the normal and obstructed biliary tract. AB - Ultrasound was found to be useful in the evaluation of jaundice. Extrahepatic obstruction can be diagnosed by the presence of dilated intra- or extrahepatic bile ducts. Using a high-resolution real-time mechanical sector scanner, it was possible to show the common hepatic duct as it passes anterior to the right portal vein in 98 out of 100 consecutive adults without biliary tract disease. At this level, the normal duct measures 4 mm or less in internal diameter. All patients with a duct larger than 5 mm thus far have had either biliary tract obstruction or previous cholecystectomy. PMID- 704865 TI - The ultrasonic diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - A case of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder with nodal metastases, diagnosed by ultrasound examination in a nonjaundiced patient, is described. The gallbladder mass was also visualized on oral cholecystography. The ultrasonic and pathologic findings are correlated. PMID- 704866 TI - Assessment of radionuclide angiocardiograms using color/time images. AB - Color images obtained directly from the CRT display of a digital computer were used to assess the passage of radionuclides through the heart. Following separation of the right and left heart images, the former was recorded as blue and the latter as red, after which a composite image of the entire heart was generated. A cardiac chamber or greater vessel may be filled during both color/time phases if an intracardiac shunt is present. On the composite image, these overlapping areas appear as either the complementary color or white. PMID- 704867 TI - Clinical evaluation of tumor imaging with 201 TI chloride. AB - 201TI was used as an imaging agent in 173 malignant tumors and 76 benign lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.64, 0.61, and 0.63, respectively. Sensitivity was good in thyroid cancer (0.91) and fair in primary lung cancer (0.70) and primary liver cancer (0.71). Compared with 67Ga, 201TI appears to have a higher sensitivity in thyroid cancer and nearly the same sensitivity in primary lung cancer. 201TI might be useful in distinguishing cold thyroid nodules and in differentiating primary liver cancer from metastases. PMID- 704868 TI - A comparison of five methods for monitoring the precision of automated x-ray film processors. AB - Five different methods for preparing sensitometric strips used to monitor the precision of automated film processors are compared. A method for determining the sensitivity of each system to processor variations is presented; the observed statistical variability is multiplied by the system response to temperature or chemical changes. Pre-exposed sensitometric strips required the use of accurate densitometers and stringent control limits to be effective. X-ray exposed sensitometric strips demonstrated large variations in the x-ray output (2 omega approximately equal to 8.0%) over a period of one month. Some light sensitometers were capable of detecting +/- 1.0 degrees F (+/- 0.6 degrees C) variations in developer temperature in the processor and/or about 10.0 ml of chemical contamination in the processor. Nevertheless, even the light sensitometers were susceptible to problems, e.g. film emulsion selection, line voltage variations, and latent image fading. Advantages and disadvantages of the various sensitometric methods are discussed. PMID- 704869 TI - The effects of the film/screen combination on tomographic image quality. AB - Several film/screen combinations were studied to evaluate their effect on thin section tomograms of the inner ear. Hypocycloidal images of a head phantom were subjectively ranked for image quality, and contrast, spatial frequency spectra, and Wiener noise spectra were measured. Resolution appears to be significantly improved when medium-speed screens are used instead of fast, unsharp screens; observers could perceive increased detail through the higher noise of the medium speed screens. The authors conclude that medium-speed screens yield more diagnostic information than fast, unsharp screens in thin-section tomography of the inner ear. PMID- 704870 TI - Computed tomography of the lung. AB - Preliminary work has shown that normal lungs have predictable CT patterns and density ranges. In emphysema, there are irregular zones of extremely low density as well as an overall low mean density. CT appears to have considerable potential for early detection of pulmonary emphysema and characterization of the degree of involvement. CT can also be useful in the study of physiological phenomena such as regional blood flow. PMID- 704871 TI - Technical considerations in B-mode scanning with an aspiration transducer. AB - Proper orientation of the B-mode ultrasonic aspiration transducer is important for accurate imaging during aspiration biopsy. The transducer extension axis must be perpendicular to the plane of the scanning arm for accurate representation of reflector locations. Single pass scans without compound angulation of the transducer are recommended when perpendicularity is not absolute. A simple adaptor to maintain perpendicularity is described. PMID- 704873 TI - An easy method for passing an intestinal intubation tube under fluoroscopic guidance. AB - A new technique (using readily available materials) for passing any single lumen tube into the duodenum is presented. This procedure usually greatly reduces the time and effort required to pass an intestinal tube through the pylorus. Once passed, the tube functions normally, without the limitations posed by duodenal tubes. PMID- 704872 TI - The radiology identification card and charge card: an addressographic radiographic film borrowing system. AB - We describe a system using an addressograph card and tickler file to facilitate the lending and returning of radiographic jackets, which brings into accountability both the borrower and the lender. PMID- 704874 TI - International Commission on Radiological Protection: 1978 Stockholm meeting. AB - At its 1978 meeting, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued a statement explaining and modifying certain aspects of its recommendations (ICRP Publication 26) and describing its current program of work. The items discussed include estimates of radiation risk at low dose levels, the introduction of the term effective dose equivalent, and corrections of the text of ICRP Publication 26. The Commission also announced the forthcoming publication of a report on annual limits of intake for radiation workers, to replace ICRP Publication 2, together with three other reports. PMID- 704875 TI - ICRU and ICRP activities are important to radiologists and allied scientists. AB - The ICRU and ICRP, two commissions of the International Society of Radiology, have provided Internationally accepted recommendations on radiation quantities, units, measurements, and protection for the past 50 years. A few salient points covered during recent meetings of these bodies are outlined. Radiologists and allied scientists are urged to make full use of such recommendations. PMID- 704876 TI - The bedside examination: a time for analysis and appropriate action. AB - The number of mobile-unit examinations is increasing dramatically. Their disadvantages--expense, frustration, and, most importantly, poor patient care- are well known. It is imperative that the number of such examinations be reduced to a minimum. The remainder, which require studies outside the department, warrant the effort and expense of a new technology such as that developed for other "special" procedures. PMID- 704877 TI - The fabella sign and radiologic assessment of knee joint effusion. PMID- 704878 TI - The treatment of senile dementia. PMID- 704879 TI - Lithium for mood disturbances. PMID- 704880 TI - The National Cancer Program, 1971--1976. PMID- 704881 TI - Incorporating cancer screening into the health care system: prospects and problems. PMID- 704882 TI - Breast cancer: the case against tylectomy; the factor of multicentricity. PMID- 704883 TI - The relationship of delay in treatment to prognosis in human cancer. PMID- 704884 TI - The clinical results of 5-fluorouracil intrahepatic arterial infusion in 528 patients with metastatic cancer to the liver. PMID- 704885 TI - Temporary dearterialization combined with intra-arterial infusion of oncolytic drugs in the treatment of liver tumors. PMID- 704886 TI - The American Cancer Society: a voluntary health agency. PMID- 704887 TI - Arterial infusion chemotherapy of diffuse hepatic malignancies. PMID- 704888 TI - Treatment of symptomatic metastatic cancer to the liver from primary colon and rectal cancer by the intra-arterial administration of chemotherapy and radioactive isotopes. PMID- 704889 TI - Gastroscopy and gastric cancer. PMID- 704890 TI - Influence of climatic conditions on energy and nutrient requirements. PMID- 704891 TI - Adaptation to changes in caloric intake. PMID- 704892 TI - Bioenergetic peculiarities in the nutrition of main farm mammals. PMID- 704893 TI - Viral antibodies in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 704894 TI - Physiology of the newborn infant. I. Bilirubin metabolism. PMID- 704895 TI - Morphological and functional adaptation after massive resection of the small intestine: experiments using minipigs of the Gottingen strain. AB - In order to examine the adaptation processes in young, growing animals, massive resections of the small intestine were carried out in 3-week-old minipigs. The length of the remaining terminal intestine was 65 cm, corresponding to a resection of 85%. Proximal and distal resections of the small intestine were carried out. In some animals simultaneous resection of the ileocecal valve was performed. In some of the animals a reversed intestinal segment of 8 cm in length was interposed in the intestinal tract. The adaptation processes were checked at different times by morphological and functional examinations. It was observed that in animals with proximal intestinal resection and in animals with reversed intestinal segment, the postoperative progress was much more favorable than in animals with distal intestinal resection and animals without a reversed segment. It was further demonstrated that an early oral calorie supply is an important factor in the intestinal adaptation process. Contrary to views previously expressed, calories should be given early by mouth in order to stimulate the intestinal enzymes. After massive intestinal resection, the interposition of a reversed segment should also be considered in children if difficulties are expected with the oral supply of calories caused by a too-short terminal gut or if attempts at oral feeding have failed. PMID- 704896 TI - Conditions for studying the exact pressure changes in the alimentary tract. AB - The following conditions must be observed if the actual pressure in the alimentary tract is measured and recorded with the aid of an open probe: 1. The probe must have a laterally placed opening, rather than a terminal one; 2. The opening must be as large as or larger than the internal diameter of the probe; 3. The internal diameter of the probe must be at least 1.2 mm or larger; 4. The pressure should not be measured with a nonperfusion technique if exact measurements of the intraluminal pressure are to obtained. One always has to use a perfusion, and the measured pressure depends on the speed of perfusion; 5. In order to be certain that the measured pressure corresponds to the actual pressure, one must ascertain whether the pressure will not change although the speed of perfusion is increased. PMID- 704897 TI - Indications for operative treatment of fractures in childhood. AB - Fractures in children heal more quickly than in adults. Stiffness of joints hardly ever occurs in children, even after prolonged immobilization. Pseudoarthrosis and Sudeck's atrophy are extremely rare. Axial, lateral and longitudinal malpositioning can be largely compensated by increased growth. Only rotation malpositions remain permanent in children. By and large, the treatment of fractures in childhood is therefore still conservative. Operative treatment is recommended for some types of fractures near joints, for fractures of the neck of the femur, and for some types of the fractures around the elbow. In all other types of fractures surgery should only be undertaken when the conservative methods fail. An exception may be in adolescents over 12 to 14 years of age and children with multiple trauma, especially cerebral trauma with consecutive spasticity. In these patients, conservative treatment with extension may be difficult and an osteosynthesis may facilitate general care. PMID- 704898 TI - Physiology of the newborn infant. II. Thermoregulation. PMID- 704899 TI - Fetal surgery: general management and operative technique for creating anomalies in sheep. AB - Sheep are the best experimental animals for intrauterine surgical research because the fetal lamb is sufficiently large at approximately one-third of gestation to allow handling without prohibitive fetal loss, the lamb has a relatively brief period of gestation (145 days) which allows evaluation of results in a short time, the mother sheep is easily handled and cared for, anesthetic techniques produce smooth, easy induction and steady intraoperative management with a brief recovery period appropriate uterine relaxation is readily attained without dangerously deep anesthetic levels and the sheep is a relatively inexpensive laboratory animal both in initial cost and subsequent maintenance. All aspects of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management of intrauterine surgery in sheep is discussed in detail and examples of specific congenital anomalies which can be created in utero are discussed. Finally, the lamb at term may be delivered by caesarian section under control conditions and then studied for evidences of altered physiology and function resulting from the intrauterine procedures. PMID- 704900 TI - Colonic interposition between the jejunum and ileum after massive small bowel resection in rats. AB - Most patients who undergo massive small bowel resection develop the "short bowel syndrome", which usually resolves as intestinal adaptation takes place. Some, in whom adaptation appears to be inadequate, remain severely incapacitated, and attempts have been made to improve absorption using a variety of surgical maneuvers. Successes have been recorded, but the procedures (of which reversal of a segment of small intestine to prolong the intestinal transit time has been most frequently used) are unpredictable and may actually be harmful. This study was designed to evaluate the theory that, because of the slow pattern of peristaltic activity inherent in the colon, the intestinal transit time could be safely and predictably prolonged after massive small bowel resection by transposing a segment of colon to between the jejunal and ileal remnants in an iso-peristaltic direction. The following procedures were performed, using 56 rats: (1) Resection of 80% or 90% of the small intestine. (2) Small bowel resection (80% or 90%) and iso-peristaltic jejuno-ileal colonic interposition. (3) Bowel anastomoses without resection. Intestinal function was subsequently evaluated by studying the following: (1) body weight; (2) blood count; (3) intestinal transit time (by contrast radiography); (4) intestinal absorption of sodium iodide, albumin, triolein and Vitamin B12 (using radioisotopic methods); (5) intestinal morphology. Colonic interposition did not have any significant effect following 80% small bowel resection. After 90% resection, colonic interposition increased the intestinal transit time significantly (p less than 0.001) without mortality or serious morbidity, and did not cause intestinal obstruction or prevent intestinal adaptation. Body weight and intestinal absorption were not increased significantly, but the study was too short to exclude an eventual beneficial effect in terms of body weight. It was concluded that iso-peristaltic colonic interposition is a safe and reliable method of prolonging the intestinal transit time after massive small bowel resection in the rat, thereby increasing the efficiency of absorption within the existing absorption capacity. The procedure has been found to be beneficial in dogs, and for reasons discussed, should be equally effective in man. Adjunctive surgery is not recommended at the time of resection in man, but should be considered if absorption remains severely impaired. PMID- 704901 TI - Synthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins E2, F2alpha and D2 by the rat gastrointestinal tract. Stimulation by a hypertonic environment in vitro. AB - Whole cell preparations of rat stomach corpus, jejunum, and colon were incubated and the released prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2alpha, PGD2, 15 keto-13,14 dihydro PGE2, and 15 keto-13, 14 dihydro PGF2alpha were measured by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All regions made PGD2 and possessed a high capacity for production 15 keto-13,14 dihydro derivatives of both PGE2 and PGF2alpha. Hypertonic sucrose solutions resulted in concentration-dependent increases in prostaglandin release, particularly of PGE2 and its metabolite. It is suggested that PG's may play a role in the local effects of luminal hyperosomolarity on digestive tract functions. PMID- 704902 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 15-arylprostaglandins. AB - Prostaglandin analogues in which the alkyl chain attached to C-15 in the natural compounds is replaced by an aryl group have been synthesised. Some of these compounds are potent luteolytic agents and comparisons are drawn between this series and 16-aryloxyprostaglandins. PMID- 704903 TI - Methylated analogues of prostaglandin E2 and the gastric mucosal barrier. AB - 15(R)-methyl PGE2 methyl ester (15MPG) and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 methyl ester (16DMPG) were assessed for their effect on gastric mucosal permeability to Na+ and H+ in dogs prepared by antrectomy and vagally-denervated fundic pouches. 15MPG did not increase mucosal permeability to either ion when given topically (18.75-300 microgram) or parenterally (30 microgram), and did not affect permeability increases induced by topical 5mM sodium taurocholate in acid solution. 16DMPG caused significant increases in net Na+ gain when given topically (18.75-75 microgram) but did not affect net H+ loss from the pouch lumen. Attempts to use higher doses of 16DMPG were abandoned because of bleeding from the pouch, and perforation in one animal. It is conceivable that 16DMPG could cause adverse effects on the gastric mucosal barrier if used to suppress gastric secretion therapeutically. 15MPG does not share this potentially harmful property and remains worthy of further study as an inhibitor of gastric secretion with therapeutic promise. PMID- 704904 TI - Preparation of some prostaglandin E1 and omega-homo-prostaglandin E1 esters and their inhibiting properties on rat blood platelet aggregation. AB - Various esters of omega-homo-prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E1 were prepared in a yield of 28-55% to investigate their effect on ADP-induced aggregation of rat blood platelets. The biopotency of the omega-homo-PGE1-esters is about four times higher than that of the corresponding PGE1-esters. Furthermore, the biopotency of aliphatic esters decreases with increasing chain length of the ester group. PMID- 704905 TI - Inhibitory action of prostaglandin E1 on smooth muscle contraction and calcium responses. AB - The relation between the inhibitory action of prostaglandin (E1 (PGE1) and external Ca concentration was investigated using the guinea-pig isolated ureter and the perfused central artery of the rabbit isolated ear. PGE1 20 ng/ml reduced the ureteral contraction evoked by a single electrical stimulation. This inhibitory action of PGE1 was enhanced with a decreased external Ca concentration. PGE1 100 ng/ml also reduced Ca-induced contracture of the ureter depolarized in Ca-free K(80 mM)-Krebs' solution. Furthermore, PGE1 50 ng/ml inhibited the responses of peripheral vascular resistance to noradrenaline, and this effect increased with a reduced external Ca concentration. PMID- 704906 TI - Effects of indomethacin on uterine capillary permeability and blastocyst development in rabbits. AB - Increased capillary permeability at implantation sites was demonstrated in rabbits by extravasation of intravascular blue dye on day 7 of pregnancy. Subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (Id, 8 mg/kg twice daily) on days 4-6 of pregnancy inhibited this uterine blueing response and appeared to reduce the size of implantation swellings. To test the latter observation blastocyst diameter and development of the embryonic disk were assessed at 144 hr post coitum. In females receiving indomethacin at the dose level which inhibited uterine blueing, blastocysts were significantly smaller than those from control females. Developmental staging of embryonic disks revealed only slight differences between the smaller (Id-treated) blastocysts and control blastocysts. No effect of Id was seen on ovarian function as judged by luteal weights and plasma progesterone and estradiol levels. Since the major biological effects of indomethacin are due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, it appears that prostaglandins may play a role in the uterine response to blastocyst stimulation and in the expansion of blastocysts in the rabbit. PMID- 704907 TI - Prostaglandins restore the hyoscine-induced inhibition of the guinea-pig ileum. AB - Prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2alpha as well as arachidonic acid partially increase the hyoscine inhibited twitch and tetanic responses of the guinea-pig ileum to electrical stimulation. They also produce a shift to the left of the dose-effect curve for acetylcholine and histamine previously displaced to the right by the administration of hyoscine or mepyramine. These results indicate a postsynaptic sensitization effect of the prostaglandins rather than a presynaptic facilitatory activity. PMID- 704908 TI - Radioimmunoassays for prostaglandins. I. Technical validation of prostaglandin F2alpha measurements in human plasma using sephadex G-25 gelfiltration. AB - Human plasma samples of 1 ml were processed according to three different procedures prior to Radioimmunoassay (RIA) of Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). Serial dilutions of ethyl acetate extracts as such, or combined with either silicic acid or Sephadex G-25 chromatography were assessed for linearity, homogeneity and parallelism with the corresponding standard dose response line. For plasma extracts used as such, non-parallelism is observed. Subsequent chromatography on silicic acid of such extracts gave only a limited linear and parallel portion upon serial dilution. However, purification of the extracts by gelfiltration on Sephadex G-25 results in linear and parallel lines over the full range of the standard dose response line (B/BO 0.9-0.2). Upon comparison of separation by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Dextran coated charcoal (DCC) in these systems, PEG proved to give the best results. It was found that in the Sephadex G-25 procedure, separation by PEG is essential. The method of gelfiltration on Sephadex G-25 is simple and reliable. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation are 6% and 12%, respectively. Accuracy, as measured by recovery of added known amounts of PGF2alpha is 97.6%. PMID- 704909 TI - Radioimmunoassays for prostaglandins. II. Measurement of prostaglandin E2 and the 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolites of the E and F series. Description of a reliable technique with a universal applicability. PMID- 704910 TI - Inhibition of harmaline induced tremors by 16 (S)-16-methyl PGE2 in different mammalian species: a correlation with central cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins. AB - Harmaline, an alcaloid of Paganum Armala, induces tremors of central origin and increases cerebellar cGMP without affecting cortical and cerebellar prostaglandin levels. 16(S)-16-methyl PGE2 protects the animals against the seizures induced by the alcaloid and prevents the concomitant rise in cerebellar cGMP. Experiment performed in cats and limited to pharmacological observations, confirmed that, the PGE2 derivative, is a powerful antitremorogenic agent at doses that are devoid of appreciable side effects. PMID- 704911 TI - Immunoreactive urinary prostaglandins A and E in neonates, children, and adults. AB - Urinary prostaglandins were measured by radioimmunoassay in neonates (31-35 weeks gestational age), children (4-15 years) and adults (24-36 years). Neonates showed significantly lower levels of both iPGE and iPGA compared to children (p less than 0.01) and adults (p less than 0.01). Children also had significantly lower levels than adults (p less than 0.01). Since urinary prostaglandins reflect intrarenal levels of prostaglandins, the results support other studies that suggest prostaglandins may play a role in controlling renal blood flow in infants. PMID- 704912 TI - Pharmacological modification of thromboxane and prostaglandin release in cardiac anaphylaxis. AB - Isolated perfused sensitized guinea pig hearts release relatively large amounts of radioimmunologically measurable thromboxane B2 (TXB2) as well as smaller amounts of prostaglandin (PGs) after antigenic challenge. Using thin layer chromatography the major PG released was shown to cochromatograph with PGD2, while smaller amounts of immunoreactive PGF2alpha were found. The TX-synthetase inhibitor imidazole (100 microgram/ml) significantly decreased TXB2 release and simultaneously increased PG release during cardiac anaphylaxis. On the other hand, the beta-sympathomimetic drug isoproterenol decreased both TXB2 and PG release from the anaphylactic hearts. While isoproterenol significantly diminished anaphylactic coronary flow reduction, imidazole was without effect in this respect. PGD2 (0.5 microgram/min and 5.0 microgram/min) infused intraaortally into non-sensitized guinea pig hearts reduced coronary flow dose dependently. These results are compatible with the view that release of TX and PGs might contribute to coronary flow reduction in cardiac anaphylaxis. PMID- 704913 TI - Effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin-E2 given intra-arterially or intra gastrically, on acid secretion by canine stomachs perfused ex vivo. AB - Isolated whole canine stomachs, perfused ex vivo with homologous blood, were used for studying the effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin-E2 (dmPGE2) on gastric secretion. DmPGE2 was administered either into the gastric artery or instilled intragastrically through an esophageal cannula. Histamine, infused intra arterially, induced acid secretion of all ex vivo stomachs and this was significantly inhibited by intra-arterially or intra-gastrically administered dmPGE2: volume of secretion, output of HCl and concentration of H+ were decreased and gastric peripheral vascular resistance was significantly reduced. The inhibitory action of dmPGE2 continued after its administration was stopped. PMID- 704914 TI - Synthesis of 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta2-PGE1 methyl ester (ONO-802). PMID- 704915 TI - Termination of early pregnancy by ONO-802 suppositories (16,16-dimethyl-trans delta2-PGE1 methyl ester). AB - ONO-802 was used in the form of vaginal suppositories for the termination of early pregnancy in 63 healthy volunteers. Fifty-four (86%) of the 63 cases had complete abortions and remaining 9 (14%) had incomplete abortions. One (1.6%) of the 63 cases complained of nausea and vomiting, and 3 (4.8%) complained of headaches. No other side effects were observed. These results suggest that ONO 802 is acceptable in the form of vaginal suppositories for the termination of early pregnancy. PMID- 704916 TI - Aspirin induces redistribution of cardiac out-put in the intact conscious rat. PMID- 704917 TI - Release of prostaglandin F 2alpha during the bovine peripartal period. AB - Progesterone, estrone and 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF 2alpha levels were determined in the peripheral blood circulation during the peripartal period in 12 cows. Plasma concentrations of progesterone showed a gradual and continuous decrease during the last 60 days before parturition. This gradual decrease was followed by an abrupt decline in the progesterone concentration occurring 24-48 hours before delivery. The plasma levels of estrone started to increase about 30 days prior to parturition with high concentrations attained during the last days of pregnancy. After delivery the estrone content decreased to baseline levels. Increased levels of the PGF 2alpha metabolite were recorded 24-48 hours before parturition. These increased PGF 2alpha metabolite levels occurred before or in conjunction with prepartum luteolysis. Prostaglandin metabolite levels remained high during parturition and returned to baseline 10-20 days after delivery. PMID- 704918 TI - The effects of 11-methyl 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on canine gastric acid secretion. AB - 11-Methyl 16,16 dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 (TM-PGE2) at peak effectiveness inhibited acid output stimulated submaximally by histamine in the dog by 95 and 84% when administered by the intravenous and oral routes, respectively. Inhibition of secretion was maintained for 1-1/2 hours following intravenous administration while with the oral route, secretory inhibition was still present at the end of two hours after administration of the drug. The degree of inhibition of acid secretion caused by TM-PGE2, its duration of action and the lack of side effects observed following administration of this drug makes it a suitable compound for evaluation as an anti-secretory agent in man. PMID- 704919 TI - The effects of 11-methyl 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on gastric acid secretion in man. AB - 11-Methyl 16,16 Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 (TM-PGE) was administered orally to man in dosages of 2.5, 5,7.5 and 10 microgram/kg. Maximal inhibition of basal secretion was 52 and 78% and submaximal histamine-stimulated secretion 45 and 70% for volume and acid output, respectively. Secretory inhibition was observed for approximately two hours after ingestion of the drug. No effect was observed on serum gastrin levels. Side effects occurred with equal frequency in the placebo and drug groups. TM-PGE is well tolerated and inhibits both basal and submaximal histamine-stimulated acid secretion in man. Further evaluation may prove it to be helpful in the clinical treatment of acid hypersecretory states and peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 704920 TI - Sperm output and serum testosterone in rabbits given prostaglandin F2alpha or E2. PMID- 704921 TI - Termination of early pregnancy by a single-dose 3.0 mg 15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester vaginal suppository. AB - The abortifacient effect of a single-dose, long-acting vaginal suppository containing 3.0 mg of 15-methyl PGF2 alpha methyl ester was investigated in 104 early pregnancies. The pregnancy was terminated in 91 per cent of the cases. The abortion was uncomplicated in 79 patients, while 12 patients experienced prolonged bleeding. In 21 uncomplicated cases, VabraR curettage done 4 weeks after therapy revealed necrotic residual tissue in 16 patients and nonspecific endometritis in 20 patients. Residual tissue was found in about 50 per cent of the patients curettaged after 1st menstruation, but no residua was found after 2nd menstruation. In patients with prolonged bleeding, substantial amounts of necrotic residual tissue was found in all patients curettaged 4 weeks after therapy. The decline of serum hCg and plasma progesterone levels was significantly slower in these patients as compared with uneventful abortions. PMID- 704922 TI - In vivo activation of renal phospholipase activity by bradykinin in the rat. AB - Activation of a renal acylhydrolase by bradykinin (BK) with subsequent release of prostaglandins precursor arachidonic acid has been postulated but not yet demonstrated. BK was infused into the left artery of 27 rats which were subdivided into 9 groups according to BK concentration (10, 100 and 1000 ng/min) and time of infusion (20, 40 and 60 min). The rats were then sacrificed and the left to right ratio of renal phospholipase activity was determined. The data obtained were processed by a factorial analysis of variance which allowed the effect of BK and the time of infusion to be evaluated independently as well as interdependently. The results of the statistical analysis showed that phospholipase activity depends on both BK dosage and infusion time and that there is no interaction between dose and time. These findings offer evidence for the "in vivo" activation of the kidney phospholipase activity by BK. PMID- 704923 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on the spreading, adhesion and migration of mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The effects of prostaglandins on the in vitro properties of mouse peritoneal macrophages namely spreading, adhesion and migration were investigated. PGE1 and PGE2 inhibit the spreading and adhesion of complete Freund's Adjuvant induced peritoneal macrophages significantly at concentrations of 1 ng per ml and above whereas they enhance the migration of these cells at concentrations of 100 ng per ml and above. PGA2 and PGB2 are less potent as they inhibit spreading and adhesion only at a concentration of 1 microgram per ml. At his concentration PGB2 enhances migration whereas PG2 has no effect. PGF 2alpha has no effect on the spreading, adhesion and migration of macrophages in the concentration range of 0.1 ng to 1,000 ng per ml. PMID- 704924 TI - Synthesis of ring halogenated prostaglandins (1). AB - The synthesis of nine mono- and difluoro prostaglandins XIII, XV, XXIV, XXVII, XXXII, XXXVIII, XLV, LI and LIV, and two monochloro prostaglandins LVII and LXI, from appropriately protected derivatives of natural PGF2 is described. PMID- 704925 TI - The synthesis and biological activity of omega-pentanor-15-alkylcyclobutyl-PGE1 analogs. PMID- 704926 TI - Synthesis of a trans-hydrindane nuclear analog of 11-desoxy-dihydro-prostaglandin E1. AB - Stereospecific synthesis of trans-hydrindanone 2a, a bicyclic analog of prostaglandin E1, via the trans- hydrindane beta-keto ester 8, is described. When tested in the guinea pig, 2a exhibited no effects on blood pressure and no broncho-constriction or dilation activity. Additionally, 2a failed to inhibit both ADP and collagen induced blood platelet aggregation. PMID- 704927 TI - Synthesis of thromboxane B2 metabolites. AB - This paper reports the synthesis of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 methyl ester (II), 15-dehydrothromboxane B2 methyl ester (III), 15-dehydro-13, 14-dihydrothromboxane B2 (XII) and 2,3-dinorthromboxane B2 methyl ester (XV). These compounds, as their free acids, have been reported to be thromboxane metabolites. PMID- 704929 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin production in bone by phorbol diesters and melittin. AB - The production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and bone resorption were studied in neonatal mouse calvaria in organ culture. Two tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol-12, 13-di-decanoate, but not the non-tumor promoters 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate and phorbol, stimulated both PGE2 synthesis in bone and bone resorption. The effect of TPA was maximum at about 25 ng/ml, and half-maximum stimulation occurred at about 8 ng/ml TPA. The effects of TPA on the production of PGE2 and bone resorption were inhibited completely by indomethacin (5.6 X 10(-8) to 5.6 X 10(-7) M). The been venom toxin, melittin, was also a potent stimulator of prostaglandin synthesis in bone and bone resorption. The effect of melittin was maximum at about 25 ng/ml, and the dose response curve was biphasic. The effects of melittin on the production of PGE2 and bone resorption were also inhbited by indomethacin. Indomethacin did not inhibit the bone resorption-stimulating activity of exogenously added PGE2. We conclude that phorbol diesters, which have irritant and tumor-promoting activity in mouse skin, and the polypeptide melittin can act directly on bone to stimulate resorption by a mechanism involving the local production of PGE2 or possible other indomethacin-inhibited metabolites odonic acid. PMID- 704928 TI - Increase in vivo of unesterified fatty acids, prostaglandin F2 alpha but not thromboxane B2 in rat brain during drug induced convulsions. AB - The amount of free arachidonic acid and prostaglandin F2 alpha in rat cerebral hemispheres was increased following convulsions induced by carbachol and metrazol. The level of thromboxane B2 was not affected and prostaglandin endoperoxides could only be "trapped" after a very short convulsive period. Unesterified fatty acid levels at 2 minutes post-mortem were decreased by 50% in the cerebral hemispheres of phenytoin treated rats. Under the same conditions, phenobarbital and diazepam had little effect on the levels of free fatty acids in rat brain. PMID- 704930 TI - Effect of honey bee venom on prostaglandin levels in mouse skin. AB - The effects of honey bee venom on prostaglandin (PG) E levels were studied in mouse skin under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Levels of PGE were increased 10.8-fold after 15 minutes exposure to reconstituted bee venom in vitro and 3.8 fold 35 minutes after a bee sting in vivo. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a major componet of bee venom, also caused a 10.9-fold increase in PGE levels in vitro and may be primarily responsible for this response of skin to bee venom. PMID- 704931 TI - Chemotactic activity of thromboxane B2, prostaglandins and their metabolites for polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - (1) The chemotactic activities of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), PGE2, PGF2alpha, the 15 oxo, 15-oxo-13,14-dihydro and 13,14-dihydro metabolites of PGE2, PGF2alpha, and a metabolite of TxB2 for polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) have been investigated. (2) Thromboxane B2 increased the directional migration of rat peritoneal PMN at a concentration of 2.0 micrograms/ml and of human peripheral neutrophils at a concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml. (3) Neither PGE2, PGF2alpha nor their metabolites showed chemotactic activity for rat peritoneal PMN. (4) PGF2alpha and 15-oxo-13,14-dihydro-thromboxane B2 showed no chemotactic activity for human peripheral PMN. (5) The possible role of thromboxane B2 in inflammation is discussed. PMID- 704932 TI - Furosemide exhibits physicochemical properties similar to prostaglandins and interferes with their bioassay. AB - The parallel pharmacological assay system has been of inestimable value in the identification and quantification of prostaglandins. A greater degree of specificity is conferred on the bioassay system by the preparative techniques of extraction and chromatography, for substances which might interfere with the assay of prostaglandins are usually eliminated by these procedures. It would be highly unlikely for a substance to survive the extraction procedure, to exhibit chromatographic properties similar to the prostaglandins and to interfere with their bioassay. We report here such an occurrence. Thus, furosemide not only survived the acidic lipid extraction, but, in addition, it exhibited chromatographic properties identical to those of the prostaglandins of the E series and finally, furosemide, at a dose which in and of itself was without effect on the assay tissues, inhibited the responses to prostaglandins. The quantification of prostaglandins by radioimmunoassay was, on the other hand, not altered by the presence of furosemide. This latter method appears to be the one of choice when interrelations between prostaglandins and furosemide are being examined. PMID- 704933 TI - Analytical methods for thromboxane B2 measurement and validation of radioimmunoassay by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay using a 125I tracer of high specific radioactivity was developed for thromboxane B2 and was applied to the determination of the in vitro biosynthesis of this compound in some systems (i.e. human washed platelets, human platelet rich plasma (PRP) and rat spleen homogenates). The assays were also evaluated by mass spectrometry; levels measured by these two analytical methods were very similar. The results obtained for washed human platelets with a thin layer radiochromatographic method were in good agreement with the two preceeding methods. PMID- 704934 TI - Fluorescent derivatives of prostaglandins and thromboxanes for liquid chromatography. AB - Fluorescent esters of the prostaglandins D2, E2, F2alpha, and 6-keto-F1alpha and of thromboxane B2 have been prepared using the reagent 4-bromomethyl-7 methoxycoumarin. All of these derivatives can be separated in a single run either by thin-layer or high-performance liquid chromatography (TLC or HPLC). As little as 20 ng of PGE2 can be detected after derivatization and HPLC analysis. Identification of thromboxane B2 produced by human platelets and of 6-keto-PG F1alpha produced by bovine aortic microsomes has been achieved with this method. PMID- 704935 TI - Separation of prostaglandin metabolites on sephadex LH 20 columns. AB - Sephadex LH 20 columns have been investigated for the separation of initial prostaglandin metabolites. Solvent systems are described for the separation of the free acids of 15-keto-dihydro-PGE1, 15-keto-PGE1, PGE1, and PGF1alpha. Further, one of the solvent systems is described for the separation of pulmonary metabolites of PGE1 and PGF1alpha, and another one for separation of dihydro-PGE1 and PGE1. PMID- 704936 TI - Plasma prostaglandin levels during early neonatal life following term and pre term delivery. AB - The concentrations of prostaglandin E (PGE), prostaglandin F (PGF) and 13,14 dihydro-15-oxo-PGF (PGFM) have been measured by sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays in neonatal plasma after term and pre-term delivery. Blood samples were taken in the term delivery group from the umbilical artery at birth and on the sixth post-natal day and after pre-term delivery at 2-4 days, on the sixth day, at 2-4 weeks and at 5-8 weeks after birth. The levels of prostaglandins circulating during the first month of life were far greater than those found in normal adults. In neonates delivered at term the plasma concentration of PGE was significantly lower six days after delivery compared with the concentration at delivery whereas the concentrations of PGF and PGFM were essentially unchanged. Following pre-term delivery prostaglandin concentrations declined with increasing neonatal age although only levels of PGE at 5-8 weeks of age were within the normal range of adult values. Comparison of prostaglandin levels six days after delivery between neonates born at term and pre-term showed no significant differences. These results suggest that prematurity per se is not associated with marked abnormalities in the ability of the neonate to synthesize or metabolize prostaglandins. PMID- 704937 TI - [Immunoglobulins IgM, IgA and IgG in psoriasis]. PMID- 704939 TI - [Skin reaction to ultraviolet rays depending on age]. PMID- 704938 TI - [Effect of the state of the palatine tonsils on the course of psoriasis]. PMID- 704940 TI - [Changes in the level of immunoglobulins A, G and M before and after treatment of syphilis]. PMID- 704941 TI - [Treponema pallidum passive hemagglutination test with reagents of our production]. PMID- 704942 TI - [Cardiovascular syphilis in the Lublin province in the years 1953-1973]. PMID- 704943 TI - [Association of cold-induced and pressure-induced urticaria]. PMID- 704944 TI - [Lichen sudoriferus]. PMID- 704945 TI - [Desensitization in cold-induced urticaria]. PMID- 704946 TI - [A special form of object relationship disturbance as the cause of delinquent behavior (joy riding)]. PMID- 704947 TI - [Professional office, bush aircraft and social work]. PMID- 704948 TI - Cultural influences on delusion. AB - The nature and content of delusions were studied among 51 schizophrenic patients. The most common delusions in order of frequency were delusions of persecution, religious, magic, ideas of reference, passivity feelings and grandeur. The beliefs of the head of the family, or his equivalent, did not contribute directly to the content. It was concluded that the general cultural beliefs, rather than the immediate environment, play a dominant role in determining the contents of delusion. PMID- 704949 TI - Primitive group treatment. AB - Although it has been known for many years that hallucinogenic drugs are used by witch doctors in the Peruvian jungles for therapeutic purposes, there have been no descriptions of their use. We studied one type of treatment carried out in groups of about 10 to 12 'patients', where the healer makes a magical diagnosis and provides a potion, usually ayahuasca (active hallucinogenic agent: harmine) which is drunk by the witch doctor, his assistant and the patients. The groups meet one a week in the open air in the jungle, at dawn and for an average of 5 h. The patient attends the weekly sessions until he feels well enough to leave, and only then does he pay a voluntary fee. One of our main tasks was to study the group processes. PMID- 704950 TI - Migration, ethnicity and diagnosis. AB - Various studies have demonstrated an increase in mental illness in black immigrans in Britain. A retrospective study of hospital records suggests that if the culturally atypical features of paranoid and religious flavour are taken into consideration, rates are then similar to those of the British-born. An interim report from an ongoing prospective study, using the Present State Examination and a Religious Interest Questionnaire, suggests that some of the black patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia might be more reasonably considered to have acute psychotic reactions or bouffees delirantes. The relative significance of culturally significant features as consitituting an entity or merely being pathoplastic is briefly discussed. PMID- 704951 TI - Aspects of depression in a Jewish minority group. AB - This paper reports some findings of a cross-cultural study of depression in which Jewish and Protestant East Londoners were measured on several parameters. In discussing the findings, differences on familial factors are attributed to the marginality of Jews and those on hostility to differences in levels of repressed anger. Tentative observations on the types of illness seen among the depressed patients suggests that one needs to be cautious in applying subdivisions of the illness cross-culturally. PMID- 704952 TI - [Investigations on the change of diagnosis in the course of illness in cases with initial respectively final diagnosis 'schizophrenia', 'endogenous depression' or 'psychopathia' (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and fifty-two cases of changes in diagnosis of 'schizophrenia', 'endogenous depression' and 'psychopathia' in the course of illness, are statistically analyzed in regard to tendency of changes of diagnosis, sex, symptomatics and syndromatics, age of onset and duration of cycles. The changes of diagnosis show a clear tendency in favour of the diagnosis of 'schizophrenia' as opposed to 'psychopathia'. Among the cases with changed diagnoses, women are significantly over-represented. On the level of symptomatics, few significant changes of symptom frequencies can be found. More information can be obtained in the analysis on syndromatics: four out of six groups show significant changes in the intensity of syndromes; on the basis of similarities in syndrome profiles, derived from materials which are diagnostically homogeneous, the actual diagnostic components can be evaluated. The analysis of the age of onset shows significant differences of means corresponding to the expectations of the hypothetic diagnostic components. Regarding duration of cycles, significant differences of means between the groups are not to be found. PMID- 704953 TI - [About musicogenic epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - A case of musicogenic epilepsy or psychomotor seizures supervening whenever the patient hears a certain tune is presented. Nearly 70 cases of musicogenic epilepsy have been documented so far. The findings in these cases including those encountered by ourselves may be summarized as follows: Musicogenic epilepsy is more common among middle-aged persons. In an unexpectedly large proportion of cases the cause is unknown. Among the organic causes, head injury is of the highest incidence. It is quite unlikely that brain bumor is responsible. There is no dementia or mental retardation as in some forms of reflex epilepsy. The seizure is overwhelmingly of the psychomotor type. The EEG pattern often suggests temporal lobe epilepsy. There seems to be no cerebral dominance. Different kinds of music can be the inducer, ranging from those primarily intended to stimulate the sense to those appealing to affect. The activating mechanism of the condition still remains obscure. In the strict sense of the word, the condition cannot be termed reflex epilepsy. PMID- 704954 TI - [The gamma ray peak efficiency determination for volume samples using a radioactive point source (author's transl)]. AB - The peak efficiencies for volume samples in gamma spectrometry of environmental radioactive materials have been determined using a radioactive standard point source. The advantages of the method, as compared with conventional calibration method using standard volume sources, are as follows; 1) The peak efficiencies can be obtained with high accuracy and precision, 2) To be applied easily to any sample container being axial symmetry, 3) The correction for self-absorption can be performed by the simple calculation. On the other hand, the application of the method is restricted to only the cylindrical or coaxial detector. PMID- 704955 TI - [Cyclic activation method with bremsstrahlung (author's transl)]. PMID- 704956 TI - [Determination of mercury and copper in water samples by activation analysis using preconcentration on emission spectroscopic carbon powder (author's transl)]. AB - A simple preconcentration procedure for mercury and copper was examined in the activation analysis of water samples. The preconcentration using pure activated carbon has been reported in several papers. The authors found that the carbon powder for emission spectroscopic analysis showed the high purity equivalent to pure activated carbon. The influence of various parameters in adsorption conditions was studied by radioactive tracers 197Hg and 64Cu. It was confirmed that 100% of these elements were adsorbed on carbon powders as pyrrolidine dithiocarbonate complexes at an acidity of pH 6--8, the temperature of 50 degrees C and the stirring time of 30 minutes. This method was applied to the activation analysis of the river water samples taken from the upper stream area of the Arakawa river and the ground water samples taken from the upper stream area of the Arakawa river and the ground water samples taken from the wells of the environs of Tokyo Megapolis. The carbon powders which adsorbed these elements were filtered, dried and analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The Hg concentrations of 0.01--0.1 ppb in river water and 0.03--1.4 ppb in ground water were obtained as well as the Cu concentrations of 0.3--3.0 ppb in ground water. The limits of determination of this method are 0.01 ppb Hg and 0.2 ppb Cu in the case of 11 sample of fresh water. PMID- 704957 TI - [Test production of 60Co sealed sources of high specific activity (author's transl)]. AB - To establish the production technique of 60Co sources with high specific activity, test production was started in 1967 by using JRR-3 and JMTR reactors. Two kinds of cobalt targets, a wafer type (diameter 8.0 mmxthickness 2.3 mm, 1.1g) and a pellet type (diameter 1.0 mmxlength 1.0mm, 6.9 mg) were used. The former was irradiated at a maximum nvt of 4.4x10(20) neutrons per cm2, yielding a maximum specific activity of 8.5 Ci per gram, and the latter at 2.2x10(21) neutrons per cm2, yielding a maximum specific activity of 68.1 Ci per gram, and the total activity of 60Co sources amounted to 4.1 kCi. After the 60Co sources were enclosed in stainless steel capsules, these sealed sources were submitted to wipe and immersion tests to examine surface contamination and leakage. Through the test production, could be obtained much important knowledge such as irradiation method, handling of highly active materials, sources assemblage and remote welding. PMID- 704958 TI - Distribution of 67Ga-citrate in tumor tissues and various organs- macroautoradiographic and scintigraphic studies. AB - Localization of 67Ga in various tissues was demonstrated by whole-body autoradiography of tumor-bearing mice in order to obtain comprehensive information which would aid in making more accurate interpretations of clinical scintigrams. The macroautoradiograms (ARG's) showed the most intense accumulation of 67Ga in the reticuloendothelial tissues, the wall of the intestinal tract and tumor tissues. 67Ga nonspecifically accumulated in the abdominal region and was apparently excreted mostly from the kidneys and from the mucosa of the intestinal tract. In the reticuloendothelial system such as bone marrow, liver and lymph nodes were sometimes difficult to distinguish from the lung tumor. In the 67Ga scintigram the high uptake of 67Ga was seen in these organs. Tumor in the lung could be readily detected as the alveolar structure is occupied with a considerable amount of air and has much lower activity per unit volume in the normal lung tissue. Thus the application of 67Ga in autoradiography in experimental animals provided useful information which should assist in analyzation of routine 67Ga-scintigrams in patients with neoplastic diseases. PMID- 704959 TI - [Steady state activity ratios between the short-lived nuclides in organs of a thorotrast patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 704960 TI - [A comparison of two types of 3H-film; Sa-kura MARG 3H-type and CEA-verken 3h film (author's transl)]. PMID- 704962 TI - [Determination of plutonium in environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 704961 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 201Tl myocardial scan for detection of pericardial effusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 704963 TI - [On the characteristics of color film dosimeter (author's transl)]. PMID- 704964 TI - [Practical techniques of activation analysis to agricultural and biological samples (II), (3) Activation analysis of minor elements in plant materials(1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 704965 TI - [Elementary changes in the renal cortex: proposed symptomatologic classification based on angiography]. PMID- 704966 TI - [The effect of pentazocine on pyelo-ureteral activity. A radiological study (author's transl)]. AB - Following 30 mg pentazocine lactate intravenous in the course of perfusion urography in 20 patients, changes in the amplitude and motor activity of the calicopyelic cavities were noted on a television circuit and spot-films were taken. An early and protracted increase in ureteral peristaltic activity was shown. A number of examples of this are presented. PMID- 704967 TI - [Notes on oblique tomography of the chest (author's transl)]. PMID- 704968 TI - [Bullous bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature children treated with the respirator. Radiological and clinical considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 704969 TI - [Infant pyloric disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 704970 TI - [Mesomelic dwarfism. Pronounced form in a female infant of a father with dyschondrosteosis and a mother with Madelung's deformity]. AB - A serious form of mesomelic dwarfism was observed in a 4 1/2-month-old girl whose parents (first cousins) presented dyschondrosteosis and Madelung's deformity respectively. The radiological findings in all three subjects are discussed. It is suggested that the three morbid forms are expressions of the some genotypical alteration, probably at the homozygote status of mesomelic dwarfism. PMID- 704971 TI - [Round-table discussion of the complications of cardiovascular radiography with contrast media. Introduction]. PMID- 704973 TI - [Damage caused by open-field arterial catheterization]. PMID- 704972 TI - [Thromboembolism and catheterization: etiopathology and prevention]. PMID- 704974 TI - [Complications connected with venous catheterization]. PMID- 704975 TI - [Complications of injection of contrast media into the heart and coronary arteries]. PMID- 704976 TI - [General damage caused by contrast media in angiography]. PMID- 704977 TI - [The anesthetist-resuscitator in the prevention and treatment of complications of contrast angiography]. PMID- 704978 TI - [Surgical treatment of damage caused by vascular catheterization]. PMID- 704979 TI - [Complications of cardiovascular radiography with contrast media. Confrontation of the radiologist and medico-legal expert]. PMID- 704980 TI - Cardio-protective contribution of hard waters to magnesium in-take. AB - The reported inverse correlation between water hardness and incidence of cardiac fatalities has led to tentative hypotheses concerning the role of magnesium intake in this phenomenon. The present article reviews the evidence in favor of the magnesium hypothesis, with emphasis on differentiating between diet-derived and water-borne magnesium intake, and their respective cardio-protective potentials. PMID- 704981 TI - [Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on fatty acid metabolism in the rat]. AB - We have studied the effect of pyridoxine deficiency on rat liver fatty acid synthetase using acetyl-1-14C-CoA. We have observed no significant difference in the synthetase activity between the deficient and ad libitum control rats. From in vivo experiments with palmitate-1-14C, linoleate-1-14C or arachidonate-1-14C, we noted an increase in the oxidation of all fatty acids in the deficient animals. Studies with the same tracers on their incorporation rate into liver triglycerides and phospholipids showed an increase in the rate of incorporation of palmitate and linoleate within lipids of deficient rats, but no significant difference was seen with arachidonate. PMID- 704982 TI - Retinal organisation in goldeye and mooneye (Teleostei: hiodontidae). AB - This paper presents the results of a comparative investigation of the retinas of two Hiodontids, the goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) and the Mooneye (H. tergisus) employing light and electron microscopy, cell isolation techniques as well as microspectrophotometry. Contrary to the observations of previous workers these species possess a duplex retina. The photoreceptors are bundled in groups of 20 rods and 20 cones. They exhibit features which have hitherto not been observed in vertebrates. These are a) an ellipsoid divided in two parts by the myoid: b) tubules in cone outer segments and, c) large "lateral sacs" (accessory outer segments). Cones are immobile but the rods and epithelial pigment are capable of movement (retinomotor responses). The prominent reflecting layer consists of cuboid and rod-like crystals composed of uric acid. The inner layers are made up of three tiers of large horizontal cells, one of amacrine cells and scarce bipolar and ganglion cells. Bundle density is 1 700 per sq. mm. Roughly, one receptor bundle projects onto one bipolar and one ganglion cell suggesting that each bundle acts as a functional unit. The visual pigment of the mooneye absorbs maximally at 535 +/- 2 nm, and is based on vitamin A2 (porphyropsin). We suggest that all non deep-sea fishes with bundled receptors have duplex retinas and the adaptive mechanisms for vision in turbid waters are based on different morphological means as illustrated by the comparison with Stizostedion. PMID- 704983 TI - Possible role of fundus circulation as an intraocular colour filter in certain fishes. AB - The possible role of the fundus circulation as an intraocular colour filter was studied by measuring chromatic aberration in two species of fish. One species (the goldfish) has an extensive fundus circulation while the other (the rock bass) has a minimal one. Chromatic aberration was measured retinoscopically in the living eye and by determining the spectral variation in focal length of the excised lens. In the rock bass, chromatic aberration of the excised lens is always a little less than that measured by retinoscopy. In the goldfish, the retinoscopic measurements are substantially less than measurements of the excised lens. This difference is apparently due to the limitation imposed by the goldfish fundus circulation on the possibility of performing retinoscopy with blue light. It is suggested that a fundus circulation can modify the intraocular transmission of light. PMID- 704984 TI - [Scotopic visual pigments in 3 Percidae: Perca flavescens, Stizostedion vitreum and S. canadense]. AB - The scotopic visual pigments of three percids from Quebec waters, viz. the yellow perch (Perca flavescens), the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and the sauger (S. canadense), were studied in situ using a microspectrophotometer-computer complex. The difference spectra show that the three fishes possess a porphyropsin whose lambda max. is at 530 nm in the yellow perch, 533 nm in the walleye and at 536 in the sauger. This variation corresponds to the tendency of the visual pigments to fit the preferred environments. The three species studied also have different modes of life. The yellow perch inhabits mostly shallow, clear waters while the walleye and sauger prefer turbid waters. The retinal structure and responses also differ among them. Since the difference in lambda max. is so small, the differences in habitat and behaviour may be attributed to morphological differences in the retina rather than to its visual pigment content. PMID- 704985 TI - [Myocardiopathies caused by catecholamines. I. Concept. Experimental and human pathology]. PMID- 704986 TI - [Obstructive hypertrophic myocardiopathy in the aged]. PMID- 704988 TI - [Myasthenia gravis: treatment with massive doses of corticosteroids and thymectomy]. PMID- 704987 TI - [Extramembranous glomerulonephritis. Clinical course of 35 cases]. PMID- 704989 TI - [Free erythropoietic protoporphyrins in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 704990 TI - [Testicular histopathological changes in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 704991 TI - [Localization of beta-hexosaminidase activity in the serum proteinogram]. PMID- 704992 TI - [Myocardiopathies caused by catecholamines. II. Morphology and pathogenesis]. PMID- 704993 TI - [Retrospective study of 49 consecutive cases of acute pancreatitis from the Barcelona area]. PMID- 704994 TI - [Incidence of e antigen and antibody in acute and chronic HBsAg (+) liver diseases]. PMID- 704995 TI - [Sensitivity of M. fortuitum to different tuberculostatics]. PMID- 704996 TI - [Pulmonary hemorrhage and nephritis associated with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 704997 TI - [Extramembranous glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 704998 TI - [Gastric phytobezoar in a diabetic patient]. PMID- 704999 TI - [Marfan's syndrome: comments on 4 cases]. PMID- 705000 TI - [Mesencephalic arteriovenous aneurysm]. PMID- 705001 TI - [Ionic changes produced by the use of ketamine]. PMID- 705002 TI - [Anesthesia and resuscitation in tracheal prosthesis]. PMID- 705003 TI - [Methemoglobulinemia in a newborn infant after subcutaneous infiltration of novocaine during general anesthesia]. PMID- 705004 TI - [Neuroleptoanalgesia in selective percutaneous thermocoagulation of Gasser's ganglion in trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 705005 TI - [Situation of the main physiological systems and prognosis in cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 705006 TI - Preclinical status of macromomycin at the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 705007 TI - New microbial secondary metabolites under preclinical development for cancer treatment. AB - Limitless numbers of various genetic structures have been formed in chromosomes and plasmids and numerous bioactive compounds are produced by microorganisms. Therefore, it may be said that compounds useful in treatment of cancer will be found more and more in microbial secondary metabolites and more effective antitumor antibiotics and their derivatives, or more effective products producing immune resistance to cancer, will be discovered. In these studies, as discussed in this paper, the most urgent problem is to establish a rational screening principle or system to select compounds worth clinical examination. This is particularly important in the analog area. Bleomycin is an analog of phleomycin chosen because of lower renal toxicity. It has become an antitumor agent of significant value. Macromycin is a new structure which has been found to bind with animal cells and inhibit growth. Neothramycin is a new benzodiazepine antibiotic which has lower toxicity than other structures studied in this class and is active against L1210, Yoshida sarcoma, and Sarcoma 180. Aclacinomycin A is an analog of adriamycin chosen for clinical study based on its low cardiac toxicity and high distribution in mouse lung and spleen. Coriolins are another new structural class. Diketocoriolin B has activity in L1210 leukemia and has been shown to inhibit Na-K-ATPase. Bestatin is a compound which inhibits aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase has been shown to increase delayed hypersensitivity. Bestatin also increases the effects of other antitumor agents such as adriamycin, and bleomycin. PMID- 705008 TI - The current status of chemotherapy for gastric cancer in Japan with special emphasis on mitomycin C. AB - 1. Significant differences in the survival rate between the control and MMC groups were observed for carcinoma simplex, in Stage III in the first and fourth studies, and also for 5FU group in the fifth study for carcinoma simplex and Stage III. 2. For Stage I patients, chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery may not be necessary because it decreased the survival rates in the second, third and fourth studies. 3. Total dosage of more than 0.6 mg/kg MMC is necessary to obtain a significant difference in the survival rate between the control and the treated groups. Further controlled clinical studies are necessary to determine the effects of a long-term and multiple combined chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in gastric cancer. These problems are under consideration in the following studies. PMID- 705009 TI - Mitomycin C: experience in the United States, with emphasis on gastric cancer. PMID- 705010 TI - Clinical aspects of adriamycin in Japan. AB - Adriamycin has not been as extensively evaluated in Japan as in some other countries. This is due both to the widespread use of mitomycin C and importantly to the alopecia caused by adriamycin being particularly disturbing to Japanese patients. Japanese studies have shown the drug to be highly active in tumors such as stomach cancer (31/92), lung cancer (27/84), and malignant lymphomas (15/46). Combination studies have been mainly with 5-FU although others have also been investigated. Other approaches which have been studied include intraarterial infusion, local application in bladder cancer, intrapleural application and in the treatment of childhood malignancies. PMID- 705011 TI - Synthetic analogs of antitumor drugs under development in Japan. AB - Synthetic studies on new antitumor drugs in Japan are mainly oriented toward analogs of known active structures. In the nitrosourea area ACNU, a pyrimidine analog of CCNU, is currently under clinical investigation and has myelosuppression as a side effect Nitrosoureas with a sugar moiety are of great interest and two compounds called GANU and MCNU are now ready for phase I study in Japan. Among new alkylating agents are included a series of bis methanesulfonate of aminoglycols, an analog of cyclophosphamide called 4 hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide, and aziridine derivatives which include the now commercially available carbazilquinone. In the antimetabolite field cyclocytidine is an analog of arabinosyl cytosine which has been extensively studied. A newer analog called N4-behenoyl-cytosine arabinoside is now being studied experimentally. In the fluorinated pyrimidine area Ftorafur has been extensively studied and a new compound FD-1 is of interest. PMID- 705012 TI - New anticancer antibiotics under development and clinical evaluation in the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 705013 TI - Antitumor antibiotics--thoughts for the future. PMID- 705014 TI - In vivo antitumor evaluation of antibiotics. Selected results from the Drug Evaluation Program of the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A. AB - A summary is given of the in vivo screening results for selected antitumor antibiotics in various stages of the National Cancer Institute drug development program. In addition a brief description of general screening practices of the program is given. After long-term usage of leukemia L1210 as a primary screen, a new screening panel is being initiated with P388 leukemia as a prescreening system. Illustrative data on anguidine, actinomycin D, macromomycin, aclacinomycin, and other fermentation products are shown. PMID- 705015 TI - Detection and assay of antitumor antibiotics. AB - Cell culture techniques and antimicrobial systems can be used as detection systems for new antibiotic structures. Antimicrobial systems by virtue of their speed, economy, ease of use, and adaptation to chromatographic (bioautographic) techniques are definitely superior for assay and for dereplication purposes. A prescreen assay system which combines the advantages and minimizes the disadvantages of the two approaches is described. PMID- 705016 TI - Fingerprint methods used to identify known antineoplastic agents in culture filtrates. PMID- 705017 TI - Microbial process translation--laboratory to pilot plant at the Frederick Cancer Research Center. AB - In summary, operations in the FCRC pilot plant have included training an operating staff, operability trials, equipment modification and repair, and supplementation of the original equipment to gain greater versatility. In addition to effort spent on proving and improving the capacity of the pilot plant, development studies and production operations involving translation of laboratory operations to pilot level or volume have included: 1. Development of a production process for interferon as described above. As a by-product of the interferon program, samples of cell culture have been studied in the Basic Research Division of FCRC for the production of lymphokines. 2. Production of starting materials (cell paste) for carboxypeptidase G1, using three different organisms, and production of refined material from the FCRC 252 organism as described herein. 3. Production of large quantities of crude phenylalanine ammonia lyase in the form of cell paste for Prof. Creed Abell at the University of Texas, Medical Branch, at Galveston,. 4. Production of a crude staphylococcal nuclease for the program of Dr. David Sachs, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. 5. Developmental studies and limited production of a crude cysteine desulfhydrase according to the protocols of Dr. J. Uren, Sidney Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. 6. Preliminary production studies on the agent produced by Culture FCRC 14, discovered in the CFL search program. 7. Developmental fermentation studies on the antitumor antibiotic, piperazinedione 593A [6], in preparation for production of quantities of this antibiotic to support clinical studies under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 705018 TI - Criteria for selection of new analogs of antitumor antibiotics. AB - If a new analog of a known antitumor antibiotic is to justify interest, it must be demonstrated to possess either quantitative or qualitative superiority over the parent compound in pharmacologic, toxicologic, immunologic, tumor cytotoxic, or other biologic properties that are therapeutically favorable. The most commonly used criterion is in vivo activity in are therapeutically favorable. The most commonly used criterion is in vivo activity in experimental tumor systems. This may be demonstrated in primary screening systems or in secondary screening systems, or in refractory tumor systems, or in one or more tumors of a human xenograft panel. Data on adriamycin and bleomycin analogs give evidence of some of these approaches. An additional criterion for selection of analogs involves the demonstration of a broader spectrum of effectiveness against a panel of experimental systems. Actinomycin D is used as an exampled. There are a variety of factors that may be employed in determining further clinical interest for analogs of known antitumor antibiotics. It is important to delineate the limiting characteristics in the clinical application of the parent antitumor antibiotic and to the choose the appropriate systems to identify and characterize new analogs and investigate them in depth in order to determine whether they may provide some advantage either in antitumor selectivity or in the diminution of host toxicity with retention of antitumor effectiveness. PMID- 705019 TI - Rehabilitation job placement research. A trend perspective. PMID- 705020 TI - Characterization of leucine and methionine enkephalin and their interaction with morphine on the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle. AB - Using naloxone as the antagonist, a comparison of pA2 values obtained from the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle preparation revealed that both leucine (leu ) enkephalin and methionine (met-) enkephalin can be classified as pure narcotic agonists with pA2 values similar to that of morphine but different from that of nalorphine. In addition, cross tolerance to both met- and leu-enkephal in could be demonstrated on an ileal strip made tolerant to morphine by implantation of morphine pellets to a guinea pig for 72 hours. Pretreatment of a naive muscle strip to three increasing concentrations of leu-enkephalin was found to markedly decrease the IC50 of morphine and to sensitize the ileal strip to naloxone as was evidenced by an increase in the morphine-naloxone pA2 value. Met-enkephalin or morphine pretreatment had no effect on subsequent morphine IC50 determinations but similarly increased the morphine-naloxone pA2 value. These results suggest that although both leu- and met-enkephalin may be classified as pure narcotic agonists, their interaction with morphine on the ileal strip is markedly different. Leu-enkephalin may be an important physiological modulator of narcotic efficacy. PMID- 705021 TI - 3H-Leu5-enkephalin specific binding to synaptic membrane-comparison with 3H dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone. PMID- 705022 TI - Identification of six substituted 4''-hydroxy-metabolites of of delta1 tetrahydrocannabinol in mouse liver. AB - 4''-Hydroxylation is shown to be a major metabolic route for delta1 tetrahydrocannabinol (delta1-THC) in the mouse. Metabolites were extracted from the livers of mice treated with delta1-THC and examined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 7-hydroxy-6alpha,7-dihydroxy-, 6-oxo- and 7 hydroxy-6-oxo- derivatives of 4''-hydroxy-delta1-THC together with the 4'' hydroxy- and 4'',6alpha-dihydroxy-derivatives of delta1-THC-7-oic acid were identified. Only the diol, 4'',7-dihydroxy-delta1-THC has been reported previously. PMID- 705023 TI - Cardiovascular effects of novel amphetamine analogs in anesthetized rats. AB - In albino, adult Sprague Dawley rats, anesthetized with urethane intraperitoneally, the effects of the exo- and endo-isomers of 2-amino-5,8 dimethoxybenzonorbornene were studied on arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Both compounds produced an immediate rise in systemic arterial pressure followed by an immediate maximal depressor response. The depressor effect was sustained beyond 30 minute duration, but declined in intensity with time to nearly preinjection levels. Both compounds decreased heart rate in varying degrees. Evidence of marked bradycardia and onset of toxicity was observed at doses of 12.8 mg/kg (exo) and 19.2 mg/kg (endo). The biphasic response seen after intravenous injection of the compounds suggests an initial vasoconstrictory followed by a vasodilatory effect. PMID- 705024 TI - Effects of pre- and post-treatment with EXP 561 on the amine-depleting effects of p-chloroamphetamine and 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. AB - EXP 561, 4-phenyl-bicyclo(2,2,2)octan-1-amine hydrochloride monohydrate, antagonized brain serotonin depletion by p-chloroamphetamine and heart norepinephrine depletion by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. The antagonism of p chloroamphetamine action occurred with post- as well as pre-treatment with EXP 561. Simultaneous injection of EXP 561 with p-chloroamphetamine initially antagonized serotonin depletion but the effect diminished by 24 hrs. The antagonism of 6-hydroxydopamine action could be produced only by pre-treatment with EXP 561, post-treatment having no effect. When EXP 561 was injected simultaneously with 6-hydroxydopamine, its antagonistic effect did not decline with time. The duplications of these findings for the interpretation of data on uptake inhibitor antagonism of amine depletors are discussed. PMID- 705025 TI - Perineural microtubule inhibitors induce degenerative atrophy of central nociceptive terminals in the Rolando substance. AB - Short-term perineural application of a microtubule inhibitor around a peripheral nerve induces degenerative atrophy of primary central nociceptive terminals in the Rolando substance. Consequences of the local microtubule inhibitor treatment are identical, both at light- and electron microscopic levels, with those that follow transection of a peripheral nerve. Degenerative atrophy in the Rolando substance is due to arrested axoplasmic transport in, and not to Wallerian degeneration of, the peripheral axons since (1) locally applied vinblastine and vincristone do not induce peripheral degeneration at all and (2) even though local colchicine treatment may cause Wallerian degeneration of thick myelinated axons, thin Adelta and C fibers do not undergo degeneration after colchicine treatment. The intriguing possibility to use this approach in the treatment of intractable pain is discussed. PMID- 705026 TI - Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by propiolaldehyde, a possible metabolite of pargyline. AB - Pargyline (Eutonyl) inhibited aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH) in vivo in rats as adduced by the elevation of ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde (AcH), but had no effect in vitro on the enzyme in intact mitochondria. SKF-525A, an inhibitor of the hepatic microsomal P-450 enzyme system, completely prevented the pargyline induced elevation of blood AcH in vivo, further implicating a metabolite of pargyline as the active inhibitor of AlDH. Of the potential pargyline metabolites tested, N-benzylpropargylamine and propargyl alcohol--like pargyline itself- readily inhibited AlDH in vivo but were without effect on the enzyme in vitro. These data implicated propiolaldehyde, a theoretically possible product of metabolism of all three of the above compounds, as the active metabolite responsible for AlDH inhibition. Indeed, propiolaldehyde at a concentration of 200 micron essentially completely inhibited the low Km AlDH of intact rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 705027 TI - Prostaglandin biosynthesis in platelets: demonstration and role of prostaglandin H2 leads to E2 isomerase. AB - Double-labeled [3H/14C]-prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 was used to assess the presence in platelets of enzymatic activity for conversion of the endoperoxides to prostaglandin E2. This enzymatic activity (prostaglandin H2 leads to E2 isomerase) involves the selective removal of a hydrogen from the C-9 carbon atom of the endoperoxide molecule and is subject to an isotope discriminatory effect against tritium-labeled molecules. Rabbit washed platelet suspension was pre incubated for 1 min, with imidazole (1 mM) to inhibit thromboxane A2 generation and [3H/14C]--prostaglandin H2 was added. Analysis of the [3H] and [14C] radioactive products in incubations with native vs. heat denatured platelets indicated that native platelets convert the endoperoxide enzymatically to mainly prostaglandin E2. Thus, although arachidonic acid released endogenously or added exogenously to platelets is converted mainly to thromboxane B2 and 120H-17:3 acid, platelets appear to possess prostaglandin H2 leads to E2 isomerase activity which becomes manifested when thromboxane synthetase activity is inhibited. PMID- 705028 TI - Production of antibody toward asbestos. AB - Unlike normal rabbit control globulins, experimental globulins from rabbits injected with BSA-coated asbestos were found to bind with asbestos. One evidence of such binding is a decreased rate of sedimentation of asbestos in solution. Other evidence has been obtained in experiments with fluorescein-labelled reagents. These results are taken to be indicative of the presence of anti asbestos antibody in the experimental globulins. PMID- 705029 TI - Distribution of S35 disulfiram and metabolites in mice, and metabolism of S35 disulfiram in the dog. PMID- 705030 TI - Trans-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: effects on macromolecular content of mouse liver tissue. AB - Mice were starved for 72 hours then injected with a total of 50 mg/kg THC over 48 hours during which time the animals were fed ad libitum. At the end of the 48 hours, the mice were sacrificed and the livers were analyzed quantitatively for DNA, RNA, protein, and glycogen. It was determined that the THC had no effect on the DNA or glycogen levels. The amount of RNA increased significantly when compared to controls while protein levels decreased by 50%. PMID- 705031 TI - The effect of dantrolene sodium on the efflux of Ca45 from rat heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The effect of dantrolene on calcium (Ca2+) efflux was studied using SR vesicles isolated at 8,000 X G from rat skeletal muscle. Dantrolene concentrations of 4 to 9 X 10(-5) M suppressed the efflux of Ca45 from the isolated vesicles in a dose related way during the first 5 minutes of incubation. The residual Ca2+ in the sarcotubular vesicles was inversely related to the dantrolene concentrations of 4, 6 and 9 X 10(-5) M. The addition of 10mM caffeine to the efflux media offset the suppressive effects of the lower concentrations of dantrolene on Ca2+ efflux. Only dantrolene concentrations of 9 X 10(-5)M resulted in significant retention of Ca2+ in the vesicles in the presence of 10mM caffeine. PMID- 705032 TI - Potentiation of the toxicity of adriamycin by propranolol. AB - Both propranolol and adriamycin are biochemically known to inhibit mitochondrial CoQ10-enzymes of myocardial tissue in vitro. Both propranolol and adriamycin are clinically known to cause cardiotoxicity. At two dose levels of propranolol which caused no deaths to mice when administered alone, significant potentiation (p less than 0.01) of the lethality of adriamycin to mice was observed. These data, projected to the clinical situation, seem to contraindicate the administration of the beta-blocker, propranolol, for the hypertension of a cancer patient who is being treated with adriamycin. PMID- 705033 TI - Chromosome banding studies in cattle. AB - A recent advance in the field of cytogenetics has been the ability to stain differentially specific areas or bands on the fixed chromosome. In terms of clinical and paraclinical work C- and G-bands have been of most value to date in allowing precise identification of chromosome homologues even in species such as cattle, where the vast majority of chromosomes are of a similar morphology. These methods have allowed at the gross level of the chromosome the precise identification of a number of Robertsonian translocations and certain aneuploids. In this study 1/29 Robertsonian translocations were found in three separate breeds. Also a 14/20 and a 6/16 Robertsonian translocation were identified as was a 61XXY sterile bull. In the future these techniques will allow the identification of as yet unidentified anomalies in cattle such as reciprocal translocations and paracentric inversions. Since many anomalies have been correlated with such clinical problems as early embryonic death, abortion, congenital anomalies and reduced reproductive efficiency in the mammalia, it is important to use cytogenetics as an additional laboratory aid in such investigations. PMID- 705034 TI - A method for collecting lachrymal fluid from cattle. AB - The bovine lachrymal duct was catheterised with an expanded polyvinyl catheter and lachrymal fluid was collected for periods of up to 8 h, 45 min. The method was simple and allowed the flow rate of lachrymal fluid to be measured. PMID- 705035 TI - Relationship of parakeet/Netherlands/449/75 virus to other avian paramyxoviruses. AB - Serological and physico-chemical properties of parakeet/Netherlands/449/75 (449) virus indicated a close relationship to paramyxovirus/Turkey/Wisconsin/68. PMID- 705036 TI - The effect of mebendazole in food on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs. AB - A limited, but controlled trial with mebendazole incorporated in a prepared food and with tablets given with this food showed that with the former there was an overall reduction in the expected dog population harbouring Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena. Neither treatment was fully effective. PMID- 705037 TI - The effect of an antibiotic of the streptothricin family against Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs. AB - The effect of an antibiotic of the streptothricin class on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections has been investigated in a trial involving 160 dogs. The drug showed significant activity in freeing dogs from Thydatigena, but the evidence for similar activity against E granulosus was less well marked. Vomiting and diarrhoea were common sequelae of dosing. The preparation tested consisted of four chemical components and the cestocidal value of each was not determined. PMID- 705038 TI - The effect of diuredosan on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs. AB - Diuredosan has been tested against Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs. The drug showed significant activity against T hydatigena, but there was no significant dose response curve against E granulosus in this trial. Two treatments at 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, however, reduced the number of dogs infected with hydatid worms. Worms were still present in some dogs after three treatments at 50 mg/kg. Vomiting and diarrhoea were relatively common sequelae at and above 50 mg/kg. PMID- 705039 TI - Attempted protection of zebu cattle against trypanosomiasis using a multi stabilate vaccine. AB - The protective value of double vaccination with 11 recently isolated stabilates of Trypanosoma congolense given either as live or dead organisms, followed by trypanocidal therapy, was assessed in zebu cattle subsequently challenged by nine of the original stabilates. Both vaccination regimens failed to prevent the animals becoming parasitaemic and eventually succumbing to the infection, although the mean survival times and prepatent periods of the calves which received the live vaccine were longer than those of both the groups which had received the dead vaccine and the challenge controls. PMID- 705040 TI - Blood and tissue content of the iso-enzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in the thoroughbred. AB - The occasions, position and relative concentration of LDH iso-enzymes in the blood tissues of the thoroughbred horse were determined. Locomotor muscles possess a high concentration of LDH 5 whereas non-locomotor muscles have a low concentration of this iso-enzyme. PMID- 705041 TI - The relationship of age and stage of gestation to the incidence of embryo death in dairy cattle. AB - Milk progesterone concentrations were measured thrice-weekly in approximately 200 autumn-calving cows of NIRD dairy herds in each of two successive years, about 100 being common to both years. From this, it was concluded that embryo death, later than the 14th day after artificial insemination occurred in about 10% of cows of each year. Most of the deaths occurred around the 35th day after AI, the time when the fetal membranes are becoming attached to the uterine wall. The incidence of embryo death around this time increases with age of cow. PMID- 705042 TI - Genetic resistance to helminths: a possible relationship between haemoglobin type and the immune responses of sheep to non-parasitic antigens. AB - The results of some preliminary studies on a possible association between haemoglobin type and the antibody responses of sheep to a variety of non parasitic antigens are described. Sheep with haemoglobin AA showed a significantly better response to human serum albumin than animals of the same breed with haemoglobin BB. There was also suggestive evidence of a better response by haemoglobin AA types to rabbit red cells and horse gamma globulin. These results indicate that the greater resistance of these sheep to gastrointestinal nematodes is reflection of their superior immunological competence. PMID- 705043 TI - Changes of plasma uric acid levels in horses after galloping. AB - Two horses were alternately galloped and cantered at 48 h intervals in a cross over trial. Galloping produced a rise in plasma lactic and uric acids. The lactic acid decreased in concentration whereas the uric acid increased in the hour after exercise. Plasma phosphate levels were depressed 1 h after galloping. There was no significant variation in these parameters after cantering. Possible reasons for these changes are discussed. PMID- 705044 TI - Incidence and preliminary characterisation of a hitherto unreported, serologically distinct, avian paramyxovirus isolated in Hong Kong. AB - Twenty-seven apparent paramyxoviruses, unrelated to known avian paramyxoviruses, were isolated at a Hong Kong dressing plant from the trachea or cloaca of birds originating from Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China. A total of 2443 apparently healthy ducks, geese and fowls was sampled and isolation frequencies were 1.3%, 1.0% and 0.5% respectively. Twenty of the isolates were from the cloaca; 11 were obtained in association with Newcastle disease virus and one with an avian influenza virus. The majority of the isolations were made in the winter months. All 27 isolates were serologically related although 11 representative isolates differed slightly in haemagglutinin properties. A representative isolate was not pathogenic for chickens. A serological survey of poultry indicated a relatively low incidence of infection. PMID- 705045 TI - The absence of Trypanosoma congolense from the lymph of an infected sheep. AB - The lymph draining the prefemoral lymph node of a sheep infected with Trypanosoma congolense was examined over a period of 10 days. Only six trypanosomes were detected in 1500 ml of this fluid during this time, in spite of the animal having about 65,000 organisms/ml in its blood. It is concluded that the suggestion that T congolense is a strict plasma parasite is essentially proven for this specific situation. PMID- 705046 TI - Ultrastructure of livers of broiler chickens fed diets containing rapeseed meal. AB - The ultrastructure of the livers of four-week-old White Rock broiler chickens fed diets containing 50% rapeseed meal was examined. Multifocal hepatocytic necrosis was observed in most of the birds fed the experimental diets. Early degenerative changes were swelling of mitochondria and vacuolations of various sizes in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. The reticulum fibres seen as bundles of cross striated fibrils were disorganised at the sites of the focal necrosis. Alteration of interfibrillar matrix were considered to be reason for the negative silver stain in the necrotic foci at light microscopic level reported previously. Disruption of the liver framework at the necrotic foci appeared to have caused a rupture of the sinusoids in the birds showing the haemorrhagic syndrome. PMID- 705047 TI - Resistance of the rat to reinfection with Fasciola hepatica and the possible involvement of intestinal eosinophil leucocytes. AB - Rats infected three weeks previously with 30 Fasciola hepatica cysts were shown to be highly resistant to oral reinfection, as measured by the recovery of immature flukes from the peritoneal cavity 48 h after challenge and confirmed by liver recoveries three weeks after challenge. Eosinophils were prevalent in the lamina propria of the small intestine three weeks after primary infection and increased markedly after challenge. PMID- 705048 TI - Vaccination against Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in dogs using a heat killed bacterial vaccine. AB - A group of eight-week-old dogs was inoculated with a heat-killed suspension of Bordetella bronchiseptica by the intramuscular route on two occasions at an interval of two weeks. All vaccinated animals developed high circulating agglutinin titres by two weeks after the second inoculation at which time the vaccinated dogs and a comparable group of unvaccinated animals were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of live B bronchiseptica. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs subsequently developed clinical respiratory disease characterised by persistent coughing but the onset of disease in vaccinated animals was delayed by up to five days when compared with the controls. B bronchiseptica was isolated from the nasal cavity, tracheobronchial tree and lung parenchyma of vaccinated and control dogs. PMID- 705049 TI - Vaccination against canine bordetellosis using an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant vaccine. AB - Six collie dogs, eight weeks old, were inoculated intramuscularly with an aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted preparation of killed Bordetella bronchiseptica; the inoculation was repeated after two weeks. Two weeks after the second inoculation, the vaccinated dogs and a comparable group of six unvaccinated animals were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of pathogenic B bronchiseptica. All six unvaccinated control dogs developed respiratory disease characterised by persistent coughing. In contrast, four of the vaccinated dogs remained free from clinical respiratory disease while, in the other two dogs, disease was less severe and of shorter duration than in controls. At necropsy, there were only slight changes in the lungs of vaccinated dogs but in controls there was a severe tracheobronchitis with areas of exudative pneumonia. Bacteriological examination showed a marked reduction in the numbers of B bronchiseptica isolated from the respiratory tract of vaccinated animals compared with controls. An aluminium hydroxide adjuvant vaccine may be of value in controlling naturally occurring respiratory disease in dogs in which B bronchiseptica is involved. PMID- 705050 TI - Adipose tissue cells in cold-acclimatised sheep. AB - The morphology and lipid content of adipose tissue from sheep subjected to cold acclimatisation were examined. In two sheep the perirenal adipose tissue contained virtually no triglyceride (less than 2 mg/100 mg wet tissue) and the appearance on electron microscopy was typical of that of a depleted white fat cell. The morphological, chemical and physiological evidence indicates that, in the sheep, white adipose tissue does not revert to brown adipose tissue during depletion resulting from cold acclimatisation. PMID- 705051 TI - A 14/20 Robertsonian translocation in Swiss Simmental cattle. AB - A chromosomal abnormality identified as a 14/20 Robertsonian translocation by measurement and banding studies has been found randomly in several Swiss Simmental cattle. These cases have all been traced back to one ancestral bull. The testicular function of three unselected male offspring, two heterozygotes and one normal was studied. All possessed apparently normal spermatogenesis. In a meiotic study no alteration of overall chiasma counts were found at diakinesis in the heterozygous bulls compared with the normal, while the presence of a trivalent confirmed the diagnosis of a Robertsonian translocation. Also in the heterozygotes a small number of secondary spermatocytes were identified but they were too few to draw any firm conclusions regarding alterations in non disjunction rate. PMID- 705052 TI - Experimental bovine anaplasmosis: clinico-pathological and nutritional studies. AB - Groups of Brahman-cross steers maintained on two nutritional planes were infected intravenously with a stabilate of Anaplasma marginale. In general, animals on the higher plane of nutrition were more severely affected. Fever was the first clinical sign of anaplasmosis but, like anaemia, was absent in the mildest cases. When present anaemia appeared two to three weeks after infection. There was a corresponding increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rates when read after 24 h but not at 1 h. The haemolytic nature of the anaemia was indicated by a significant increase in unconjugated bilirubin during the acute phase. Some visceral damage was suggested by a significant increase of serum aspartate amino transferase (GOT) especially in severely affected animals of the 'high' nutrition group but no significant change occurred in levels of alanine amino-transferase (GPT). PMID- 705053 TI - Changes in IgG2 levels with age in British cattle. AB - IgG1, IgG2 and IgM levels were measured in serum samples from 282 cattle of various ages and the results analysed by least squares. There were marked increases with age in IgG2 levels in bulls, and in dairy cattle in the absence of culling for disease or low production traits. There was about a 300% increase between one year and eight years of age for IgG2 compared with the small increase of about 20% for IgG1 but there was no apparent effect of age on IgM levels. There were no differences between Hereford and Friesian bulls for any of the immunoglobulins but there were environmental differences, between AI centres, for IgG1 and IgM. No animals were found to be immunodeficient but IgG2 levels ranged widely from 1 mg/ml to 35 mg/ml in different bulls. PMID- 705054 TI - Experimental infection of ducklings with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma anatis. AB - Two groups of day-old ducklings were infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M anatis respectively by air sac inoculation. Clinical disease was not produced but air sacculitis was produced by both infections. M gallisepticum could be recovered readily from respiratory tissue 10 and 30 days after infections but RSA tests were negative. M anatis was not reisolated from these tissues or from the cloaca but a positive RSA test was observed on the serum of a few ducklings. PMID- 705055 TI - [Determination of the pulmonary water content (10)--movement of the pulmonary lymph (II)]. PMID- 705057 TI - [Heart and exertion (2)--the sport heart]. PMID- 705056 TI - [Myocardial infarction in young adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 705058 TI - [Analysis of the motion of atrioventricular valve annuli and its effects on valve closure (author's transl)]. PMID- 705059 TI - [A method of measuring cardiac function in unanesthetized rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 705060 TI - [Studies on phase IV in lateral positions (author's transl)]. PMID- 705061 TI - [Left ventricular function in experimental chronic volume overloading (author's transl)]. PMID- 705062 TI - [A case of mixed connective tissue disease with pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 705063 TI - Physiological effects of lowered blood oxygen affinity in dogs. AB - Ten adult Labrador retrievers were studied under control conditions and while blood oxygen affinity was lowered by intravenous infusions of glycolytic intermediates. Blood P50 was increased from 32.4 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) to 34.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, a highly significant increase (P less than 0.001). Blood oxygen capacity, mixed venous oxygen tension and arterial PCO2 were not significantly different in the two conditions. Cardiac output (Q) was lower with the higher P50 (89 +/- 16 ml/kg/min) than in the control state (111 +/- 31 ml/kg/min) but the difference was not statistically significant. The arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference (CaO2 - C-V(O2)) was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) from 4.4 +/- 0.6 vol % to 4.9 +/- 0.8 vol %. Oxygen consumption, the product of Q and (CaO2 - C-V(O2)), was the same in the two conditions: 4.9 +/- 1.3 ml/kg/min (control) versus 4.4 +/- 0.9 ml/kg/min. The animals responded to lowered blood oxygen affinity with increased oxygen extraction by peripheral tissues and a concomitant, although not statistically significant, fall in cardiac output. PMID- 705064 TI - Configuration of the chest wall during increased gravitational stress in erect humans. PMID- 705065 TI - Lung volume, volume history, and the distribution of inhaled boluses. PMID- 705066 TI - Interspecies variation in lung lavage and tissue saturated phosphatidylcholine. AB - We measured the saturated phosphatidylcholine in lung lavage fluid and in lung tissue after lavage in five vertebrate species. The amount of saturated phosphatidylcholine recovered by lung lavage and from lung tissue showed a direct log linear correlation with species alveolar surface area. The saturated phosphatidylcholine content of lung lavage fluid per square meter of alveolar surface area varied in the sequence: mouse greater than rat greater than rabbit greater than dog greater than cat, and showed a direct correlation with species respiratory rate. We compared the lavage (presumably mainly alveolar) and tissue saturated phosphatidylcholine with the theoretical minimum amount required to produce a monomolecular layer over an area equal to the computed alveolar surface area. The data suggest that there is an alveolar and a tissue reserve of saturated phosphatidylcholine. The size of the alveolar reserve varied in the sequence: mouse greater than rat greater than rabbit greater than dog greater than cat. We conclude that in each species studied there is an alveolar and tissue reserve of saturated phosphatidylcholine and that both reserves are larger in animals with rapid ventilatory rates and small alveoli than in animals with slower breathing rates and larger alveoli. PMID- 705067 TI - Chicken intrapulmonary chemoreceptors: discharge at static levels of intrapulmonary carbon dioxide and their location. AB - We studied 54 intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in the unidirectionally ventilated left lungs of 12 thoracotomized cockerels. We ligated the left pulmonary artery to eliminate CO2 contributed by mixed venous blood. At zero PCO2 many units discharge irregularly, and some cease discharging after several seconds. Discharge frequencies at 13.7 torr PCO2 and above are described by logarithmic regressions. The slopes and intercepts of the logarithmic regressions are correlated so that the average response can be written: frequency = 3.86 -B . 1n (24.5 PCO2-1). Afferent activity above 6.8 torr PCO2 is described by 0.073 + 78.6 exp (-0.11 PCO2) -63.3 exp (-0.15 PCO2). For each unit, receptive site PCO2 in a perfused lung was assumed to be the PCO2 in the unperfused lung which gave the same discharge frequency. Location of the receptor was determined as the fraction of ventilation-perfusion region which had the same PCO2 as receptive site PCO2. Two major concentrations of receptors accounted for 85% of the total, one near the entering gas and one near the middle of the gas-exchange region. Sensitivity of individual receptors did not vary systematically with location. PMID- 705068 TI - Properties of apneusis produced by reversible cold block of the rostral pons. AB - Reversible cold block of the rostral pons was used to compare properties of normal and apneustic respiration in anesthetized, vagotomized, artificially ventilated cats. During apneusis we observed high frequency oscillations (HFO) in phrenic nerve activity which were reduced in frequency compared with those during a normal inspiration. Apneusis produced by mid-pontine transection or punctate pneumotaxic center (PC) lesion produced similar HFO changes. The minimal intensity of superior laryngeal nerve electrical stimulation needed to terminate a breath was higher early in an apneusis than at the same time during a normal breath. Later in apneusis the intensity required became constant and was approximately the same as that needed to end a normal inspiration at its natural termination. With intact vagi lung inflation produced a greater prolongation of expiration during apneustic respiration than during normal respiration. Apneustic type activity was observed in both phrenic and vagal inspiratory motoneurons. We suggest that: (1) HFO are generated without the PC, but the PC elevates the oscillation frequency; and (2) apneusis may result in part from a delayed activation of the normal inspiratory off-switch mechanism. PMID- 705069 TI - Occlusion pressure in acute bronchospasm induced by methylcholine. AB - We measured resting minute ventilation, the pressure developed by the inspiratory muscles during the first 0.1 sec of inspiratory effect against an occluded airway (P0.1), FRC and airway resistance in normal subjects during bronchoconstriction induced by methylcholine inhalation and again after the bronchoconstriction had been reversed by inhaled isoproterenol. Methylcholine resulted in a 2- to 3-fold increase in airway resistance, FRC rose in 5/6 subjects and ventilation changed in variable fashion. P0.1 increased in all subjects with methylcholine and decreased after isoproterenol. When the subjects were considred as a group, P0.1 correlated positively with airway resistance. Normal subjects respond to bronchoconstriction as they do to external resistance loading, by increasing inspiratory muscle activity. During bronchoconstriction, all subjects demonstrated an increase of breathing frequency and a decrease in the duration of expiration; inspiratory duration did not change significantly. This response may have been due to activity of pulmonary irritant receptors. Breathing frequency and expiratory duration returned to control levels with isoproterenol, so we could not show that this response was independent of changes in lung mechanics. PMID- 705070 TI - Intrapulmonary and systemic CO2-chemoreceptor interaction in the control of avian respiration. AB - Experiments on anesthetized chickens were conducted to study interactions between afferent activity from the intrapulmonary and systemic CO2-sensitive chemoreceptors in the generation of respiratory amplitude (RA) and respiratory frequency (f). The thoracoabdominal cavity was opened, air sacs ruptured and each lung independently and unidirectionally ventilated. Intrapulmonary chemoreceptor activity was altered by changing the PCO2 of the ventilatory gas (PICO2) to the vascularly isolated right lung (VIL); systemic chemoreceptor activity was altered by changing the PICO2 to the denervated left gas exchange lung (GEL). Respiratory amplitude and frequency responses to changes in intrapulmonary PCO2 were determined at four levels of systemic arterial PCO2 (PaCO2). The results indicate that elevating PaCO2 shifts the pulmonary CO2-response curves for both RA and f to the left and increases the sensitivity of the RA-CO2 response curve but decreases the sensitivity of the f-CO2 response curve. We conclude that (1) interaction occurs between intrapulmonary and systemic afferent activity in the generation of RA and f, (2) the nature of the interaction is synergism with respect to RA and interference with respect to f, and (3) the interaction is greater during hypocapnia than hypercapnia. PMID- 705071 TI - Localization of rapidly adapting receptors in the trachea and main stem bronchus of the dog. PMID- 705072 TI - Growth and decay of pulmonary function in healthy blacks and whites. AB - We recorded maximum expiratory flow-volume curves in 3046 healthy persons, blacks and whites, age 7 and over--a representative population of lifetime nonsmokers except for some black adult males, who were healthy smokers or ex-smokers. We computed regression equations for lung function measurements (FVC, FEV1.0, FEV10/FVC, PEF, MEF 50% and MEF 25%) as a function of age, height and weight terms for eight subgroups (by sex and race, and for children or adults). Objective statistical criteria were used to select the optimal equations. Simple linear regressions on age and height are inaccurate, in particular for young adults and for the elderly. Weight affects most function measurements: lung function first increases with weight ('muscularity effect') and decreases with further increases in weight ('obesity effect'). The regression equations allow more accurate prediction of normal lung function. In addition, the lower 95% confidence limits are closer to the predicted values and are valid regardless of height, weight and age within each subgroup. PMID- 705073 TI - Central and direct vagal dependent control of expiratory duration in anaesthetized rabbits. AB - In anaesthetized rabbits, total or partial (only inflation reflex nearly abolished) DC current vagal block was performed during inspiration (ITB and IPB), or expiration (ETB and EPB), or throughout the breathing cycle (CTB and CPB). During CTB inspiratory (Ti) and expiratory duration (Te) increased as after vagotomy. With ITB Ti equally Tivag; Te increased, but remained shorter than Tevag. During ETB, Ti was unchanged, Te increased, but remained shorter than Tevag. The sum of deltaTe during ITB and ETB equalled deltaTevag. During CPB and IPB, Ti and Te behaved as during ITB. With EPB, Ti was unchanged and Te shortened. Preferential stimulation of large myelinated fibers in the central vagal stumps during expiration lengthened Te. Inspiratory stimulation shortened both Ti and Te, restored breath timing of ETB, but not that of pre-vagotomy control. Hence, Te of eupneic breaths should depend on a central mechanism relating Te to preceding Ti and on expiratory vagal discharge, having both a small lengthening (from stretch receptors) and a variable shortening effect (from irritant receptors). Both central and peripheral mechanisms are affected by CO2 breathing. PMID- 705074 TI - I. Pulmonary-CO2 ventilatory reflex in dogs: effective range of CO2 and results of vagal cooling. AB - Bartoli et al. (1974) found in dogs with constant PaCO2 that an increase in PCO2 in the vascularly isolated lungs increased ventilatory drive by a vagal reflex. We have examined the range of lung PCO2 over which the reflex operates. In anaesthetized dogs we ventilated the lungs separately with O2, maintaining gas exchange with the right lung. When we occluded the left pulmonary artery, left lung PCO2 fell to 2--4 mm Hg, and phrenic nerve firing decreased significantly. Phrenic activity increased again when left lung PCO2 was raised in steps to 19, 32 and finally to 50 mm Hg. PaCO2 was unchanged. Phrenic responses were abolished by cutting the left vagus nerve or by cooling it to 7--8 degrees C. The largest increase in phrenic activity occurred when left lung PCO2 was increased from 2 to 19 mm Hg, and the smallest when PCO2 was raised from 32 to 50 mm Hg. Hence the significance of the pulmonary-CO2 ventilatory reflex may lie in depression of ventilatory drive when pulmonary CO2 falls below normal, rather than in stimulation of breathing when pulmonary CO2 increases above normal. PMID- 705075 TI - II. Effect of CO2 on afferent vagal endings in the canine lung. AB - We have attempted to identify the afferent endings responsible for the pulmonary CO2 ventilatory reflex. We recorded afferent vagal impulses arising from the left lung in anesthetized dogs with separately ventilated lungs. When the left pulmonary artery was occluded, left lung PCO2 fell to 3 mm Hg and slowly-adapting pulmonary stretch receptor activity increased 46%. Firing declined to its original intensity when left lung PCO2 was raised in steps by administration of CO2, firing decreasing most between 2 and 19 mm Hg, and least between 30 and 50 mm Hg. Irritant receptor activity also increased (from 2.8 to 7.4 impulses/sec) after pulmonary arterial occlusion, the effect being reversed by administration of CO2. These procedures caused trivial changes in pulmonary and bronchial C fiber activity. Effects on both slowly-adapting stretch receptors and irritant receptors appeared to result from a direct action of CO2 on the endings themselves, rather than from mechanical changes in the lung. Changes in slowly adapting stretch receptor activity provide an adequate explanation for the pulmonary-CO2 ventilatory reflex, the relationship between impulse frequency and lung PCO2 suggesting that these afferents may have a role in limiting CO2 loss under conditions causing hypocapnia, but be less effective in stimulating breathing during hypercapnia. PMID- 705076 TI - Uneven perfusion and ventilation within lung regions studied with nitrogen-13. AB - The clearance of nitrogen-13 (13N) from the upper, mid and lower zones was measured with a gamma camera during spontaneous breathing in 10 seated subjects. The clearance was monitored after (a) an intravenous injection of 13N dissolved in saline and (b) equilibration with 13N gas in closed circuit. Subjects breathed air first, and then a 30 or 11% oxygen mixture. For any region, the time for 90% elimination (T90) was related to the volume expired by the whole lung during that time (VE90). For the mid and lower zones, the clearance was faster (VE90 smaller) after intravenous 13N than after equilibration with 13N gas. This difference persisted when 30% or 11% oxygen was inspired. For the lung overall, the physiological dead space for a mean tidal volume of 884 ml was 277 ml for intravenous 13N clearance, and 384 ml for 13N clearance after equilibration. The conclusions drawn for this study are (1) ventilation in relation to volume is uneven within lung regions (2) intraregional perfusion in relation to volume is also uneven (3) at a local level the well-ventilated units are better perfused (4) these inhomogeneities are not affected by raising or lowering the inspired oxygen concentration. PMID- 705077 TI - Lung architecture volume and static mechanics in five species of lizards. AB - Compared with mammals, lizards have large, highly compliant lungs and a compliant body wall. High lung compliance is not necessarily associated with high body wall compliance but rather with the degree of development of the caudal and ventral dilatations of the lung. Comparison of the midinflation distance between inflation and deflation curves on standard volume--pressure diagrams indicates hysteresis may have an intrapulmonary component related to the degree of lung partitioning and an extrapulmonary component, attributable to forces hindering the free movement of the lung in the body cavity. Simultaneous consideration of lung structure, mechanical properties and certain nonrespiratory functions such as buoyancy and display indicate that the function of the lung in gas exchange may be only one of several factors important in determining lung structure in lizards. PMID- 705078 TI - Lung reflexes in rabbits during pulmonary stretch receptor block by sulphur dioxide. AB - Anaesthetized rabbits were given 200 ppm sulphur dioxide to breathe for 10 min. This abolished activity in 23 of 26 pulmonary stretch receptors, while leaving that of lung irritant receptors unimpaired. The Breuer-Hering reflex was abolished and breathing became deeper and slower. Inspiratory time (tI) was increased and expiratory time (tE) decreased. Subsequent vagotomy increased tidal volume (VT), tI and tE. In animals with stretch receptors blocked, injections of phenyl diguanide and histamine still increased breathing frequency and decreased VT, indicating that reflexes from lung irritant and J-receptors were intact. Inhalation of 8% CO2 caused a bigger increase in frequency and tidal volume in rabbits with stretch receptor block compared with controls or those after vagotomy. Induction of pneumothorax with stretch receptor block transiently prolonged tI and shortened tE; removal of the pneumothorax also transiently shortened tE and usually also decreased tI. The results suggest that lung irritant receptors reflexly shorten tE in all our experimental conditions, but have various effects on tI which may depend on the timing of the irritant receptor discharge and refractoriness of the inspiratory response. PMID- 705079 TI - Oxygen uptake and transport during hypoxic exposure in the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. AB - Gill ventilation, stroke volume and frequency, %O2 utilization and oxygen uptake, and dorsal aortic blood oxygen tension, content, pH and oxygen affinity have been determined during normoxia and during a range of hypoxic exposures in the sturgeon, Acipenser Transmontanus. In air-equilibrated water gill ventilation was 350 ml/kg/min, % utilization was 35--40%, and oxygen uptake at 15 degrees C was 55--60 ml O2/kg/h. Dorsal aortic blood PO2 was 90 mm Hg and blood O2 content at a normal pHa of 7.84 was 7.0 vol%. Vg fell considerably through a reduction in branchial stroke volume when PIO2 was reduced from 150 to 100 mm Hg. Although % utilization remained unchanged, VO2 was halved, clearly identifying Acipenser as an O2 conformer with a critical O2 tension just below air saturation. At a PIO2 of 60 mm Hg VO2 was only 15% of that at normoxic levels falling to only 5% at a PIO2 of 30 mm Hg. There was no hypoxic bradycardia. There was no repayment of an oxygen debt even after severe hypoxic exposure in Acipenser, and pHa remained unchanged under all experimental conditions, a response incompatible with lactate or succinate production. It is concluded that the sturgeon reduces total energy expenditure during hypoxic exposure, rather than switching from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. PMID- 705080 TI - Interrelation between Bohr and temperature effects on the oxygen dissociation curve in men and women. AB - For both sexes (7 males, 7 females) the fixed acid Bohr coefficient BCFA (delta PO2/deltapH) and the temperature coefficient TC (deltalogPO2/deltaT) were investigated in whole blood as function of oxygen saturation (SO2). BCFA which yielded maxima at midsaturation were generally lower at increased temperature (41 degrees C) and in females. Values for 50% SO2 amount to: -0.46 +/- 0.04 SD (males) and -0.37 +/- 0.06 (females) at 37 degrees C, -0.38 +/- 0.09 (MALes) and 0.31 +/- 0.04 (females) at 41 degrees C. TC, too, was generally lower in females, decreased in both sexes at falling pH, but showed no O2-saturation dependency. Mean values were 0.024 +/- 0.008 (males) and 0.017 +/- 0.003 (females) at pH 7.4, 0.019 +/- 0.008 (males) and 0.012 +/- 0.006 (females) at pH 7.2. Sex differences of both TC and BC could also be confirmed in additional experiments. While the interrelation of BC and TC and the variable saturation effect on the coefficients may be referred to known theories about ionization heats of oxylabile groups and nonuniform reactions of the single Hb4(O2)n fractions, respectively, no clear explanation was found for the sex influence. PMID- 705082 TI - Nasal resistance during infancy. AB - Nasal Resistance (Rn) was measured in 30 Caucasian and 13 Negro infants during the 1st year of life, using an adaptation of the posterior rhinomanometric method. Concurrent measurements of Thoracic Gas Volume (TGV) and Airway Resistance during nose breathing (Raw (n) were made using the plethysmographic technique. The percentage contribution of Rn to Raw (n) was significantly higher in the Caucasian infants (mean 49.2 +/- 7.5 (SD)%), than in the Negro infants (mean 31.1 +/- 6.8 (SD)%), which probably resulted from anatomical differences in nasal structure. In each infant, Rn was subtracted from Raw (n) in order to assess resistance, and its reciprocal, conductance (Gaw), during mouth breathing. A strong linear relationship was found to exist between Gaw (m) and TGV throughout the first year of life (r = 0.92), with no significant difference between Negro and Caucasian infants. Specific Airway Conductance during mouth breathing (SGaw (m) = Gaw (m)/TGV) was found to be considerably higher during infancy than at any other time during life, which may help to at least partially compensate for the fact that newborn infants are obligatory nose breathers. PMID- 705081 TI - Gas exchange of the fertile hen's egg: components of resistance. AB - The resistance to diffusion of respiratory gases falls by 50% from day 10 to day 18 in the incubating fertile hen's egg (Temple and Metcalfe, 1970). We have calculated the change in the components of this resistance with respect to incubation age. The egg shell resistance remains unchanged. The chorioallantoic membrane (including capillary endothelium) resistance decreases dramatically from day 10 to day 14 and then remains relatively unchanged. The resistance offered by the blood is unchanged from day 10 to day 12, it decreases by day 14 due to an increase in oxygen capacity and continues to decline at days 16 and 18 because of the combined effects of a continued increase in oxygen capacity and an increase in capillary volume. PMID- 705083 TI - Temporal differences in the detection of resistive and elastic loads to breathing. AB - Two series of experiments were conducted on 8 healthy subjects to test for temporal differences in the detection of added resistive and elastic loads. In one series of experiments, 5 resistive loads were presented for single inspirations for a total of 10 presentations each. Subjects pressed a signal marker as soon as possible if they detected the load. In the second series, 5 elastic loads were tested using the same protocol The detection time (Tdet) for threshold resistive loads (deltaR50) occurred in mid-inspiration near Vmax whereas the Tdet for threshold D loads (delta E50) occurred near the end of inspiration. The differences in the detection times were significant (P less than 0.001). With suprathreshold loads, detection times progressively decreased reaching a minimum value with total occlusion. These results demonstrate unique temporal differences in the patterns of sensory information generated by added resistive and elastic loads and suggest that the intensity of the information is flow dependent for resistive loads and volume dependent for elastic loads. PMID- 705084 TI - Breathing pattern in men during inspiratory elastic loads. AB - Breathing pattern was studied in men during inspiratory elastic load applied throughout breathing cycle (CL) or inspiration only (DL). VT decreased similarly under both loads: 40% during 1st loaded breath (1st), 25% after 1 min (min); so did Ti (15% at 1st, 25% at min); Te decreased by 35% under CL, 25% under DL, at both times. Under DL expiratory flow started after a lag of about 0.4 sec, required to raise alveolar pressure above atmospheric. In all subjects the inspiratory muscles activity increased at 1st and in 6 out of 8 the ventilatory response at min was essentially neurogenic. At 1st all subjects recruited expiratory muscles, decreasing FRC by 100--300 ml under DL' in most this phenomenon was negligible at min. Rate of decrease of inspiratory muscle pressure during period of zero flow under DL was proportional to end-inspiratory muscle pressure (Pmuse.i.) and to Pmuse.i./Ti. At beginning of expiration dPmus/dt was greater under DL: under this period difference of Pmus between CL and DL seems mainly due to muscle intrinsic properties. PMID- 705085 TI - An obstructive apnea in the suckling opossum. AB - Pressure plethysmographic measurement of ventilation and electromyographic measurement of diaphragm activation in unanesthetized suckling opossums revealed spontaneous episodes of obstructive apnea. To better understand this phenomenon, intact animals were tested under different conditions of respiratory drive and during activation of pulmonary reflexes. Results showed that obstructed breaths were usually initiated with the lungs at or near the end-inspiratory level, and they occurred more frequently during air or oxygen breathing as compared with inhalation of hypercapnic or asphyxiant test gases. The latter two gas mixtures caused increases in ventilation; but depression of breathing resulting from pentobarbital anesthesia was not accompanied by obstructed breaths. It was initially considered that a reflex laryngeal response with changes in lung volume or lung irritation might trigger obstructive apnea; but pulmonary inflation and deflation as well as ammonia inhalation did not typically produce such an effect. The results indicate that mechanisms for obstructive apnea in the suckling opossum must account for the limited incidence of obstructed breaths during both ventilatory chemostimulation and anesthetic respiratory depression. PMID- 705087 TI - Topographical distribution of VA/Q in elderly subjects using Krypton-81m. AB - The topography of ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) ratios was measured in seven elderly (aged 58--69) subjects, seated erect, using the short-life (t1/2 = 13 sec) radioisotope Krypton-81m. 81mKr was inhaled (for ventilation) or infused intravenously (for perfusion) continuously for 1--2 min periods, during spontaneous ventilation, while radio-activity was recorded on a large-field gamma camera interfaced to a computer. The VA/Q ratio was computed for 15 horizontal slices of the left lung. VA/Q distribution was similar to that of young subjects. No decrease of basal VA/Q was seen; thus, if there are any changes of ventilation in the lower part of the lung in the elderly, they are matched by equal alterations of perfusion. There was no significant change when 60% oxygen was breathed. The progressive fall in arterial oxygen tension which occurs in erect subjects with increasing age does not appear to be caused by inter-regional differences of ventilation and perfusion. PMID- 705086 TI - Human gas exchange during water immersion. AB - We measured lung volumes, closing volume (CV), alveolo-arterial oxygen difference (P(A-a)O2) and steady-state diffusing lung capacity per liter ventilation (DLCO/V) in 18 men immersed up to the neck in water. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, according to relative changes in P(A-a)O2 and DLCO/V. In group 1 (n = 6), P(A-a)O2 decreased and DLCO/V increased, probably because of the hemodynamic changes induced by immersion. Their end expiratory level was above closing volume in water. In group 3 (n = 6), P(A-a)O2 increased and DLCO/V decreased, probably as a result of a decrease in ventilation in the dependent parts of the lung, considering that breathing range (ERV + VT) was less than closing volume. In group 2 (n = 6), P(A-a)O2 increased significantly and DLCO/V, only slightly. Tidal volume was only partially included in closing volume. The increase in exchange surface area was probably unable to compensate for the arterial hypoxia brought on by the decrease in ventilation in the dependent parts of the lung. The relationship between end expiratory level and closing volume, which seemed to explain the results observed during immersion, was itself a consequence of the subjects' age and body build. PMID- 705088 TI - Effect of ventilation with different gas mixtures on experimental lung air embolism. AB - In six anesthetized, curarized and mechanically ventilated dogs, air was infused via a jugular vein at 0.1 cm3/kg/min for 25 min. This induced a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure (Pap) while arterial PO2 (PaO2) and end tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) decreased. Systemic arterial pressure, dynamic lung compliance and total pulmonary resistances were not affected. Changes tended to plateau by 20 min with a peak increase in Pap of 80 +/- 13% and decrease in PaO2 and PETCO2 of 22.2 +/- 2.8% and 14.5 +/- 2.1% respectively. When embolization was stopped these values returned to control levels within 30 min. During air infusion (at 20 min) some dogs were switched from ventilation with air to ventilation with the following gas mixtures: SF680%-O220%, He80%-O220%, N2O80% O220%. During the final 5 min of air infusion. He and, to a greater extent, N2O breathing results in an immediate and marked further increase in Pap and decrease in PaO2 and PETCO2. In contrast SF6 produced rapid improvement in these parameters with return to near control levels. The recovery time after stopping infusion was greatly shortened with SF6 but was unaffected by He or N2O. These results are explained by different rates of gas transfer between the intravascular bubbles and the various alveolar gases. These findings show that ventilation with SF6 results in marked improvement in the gas exchange abnormalities produced by air embolism. PMID- 705089 TI - Arterial PO2 and PCO2 stimulus threshold for carotid chemoreceptors and breathing. AB - The PaO2 and PaCO2 stimulus thresholds for activity of carotid chemoreceptors and for ventilation were investigated in twenty anesthetized adult cats at sea level. Over the range studied PaCO2 threshold for carotid chemoreceptors decreased with increasing intensity of hypoxia showing stimulus interaction. Once begun, the carotid chemoreceptor activity increased gradually at a rate that was inversely related to initial PaO2. The greater the initial hypoxia the greater was the carotid chemoreceptor activity at which the first inspiration occurred, apnea was shorter and inspiratory PaCO2 threshold lower. Hypoxia per se depressed the central mechanism for the resumption of inspiration. We conclude that (1) carotid chemoreceptor PaO2-PaCO2 stimulus thresholds are largely interdependent; (2) these receptors are activated at a lower PaO2-PaCO2 stimulus strength than ventilation is; (3) an increased input from peripheral chemoreceptors initiates breathing at a lower PaCO2 indicating that central chemoreceptor threshold is lower than the PCO2 threshold for inspiration; (4) a finite total input from the receptors is needed to start ventilation. PMID- 705090 TI - Experimentally induced antagonism of chemical and thermal reflexes in the respiratory system of fully conscious chickens. AB - The joint response of the respiratory and panting centres of fully-conscious unidirectionally-ventilated chickens to simultaneous combinations of hyperthermia and hypo-/hypercapnia was examined. The response was monitored by changes in the rate and amplitude of movements of the body wall and gular apparatus respectively. The response to a combination of hyperthermia plus hypercapnia bore indications of a linear summation of the individual responses of the panting centre and respiratory centre to the respective thermal and chemical stimuli. A more complex response was elicited by a combination of hyperthermia plus hypocapnia. In this case the inhibition of respiratory movements induced by the hypocapnia (hypocapnic apnea) permitted a more forceful manifestation of the component of the thermoreflex which acts via the hyoid muscles and which is responsible for the synchronous 'gular flutterin'. The rate of gular fluttering increased by up to 150% as compared to normal panting. The experimental procedure therefore provided a technique for breaking the central linkage which normally constrains the rhythm of the hyoid muscles to the more dominant rhythm of the respiratory muscles. PMID- 705091 TI - [Usefulness of serum haptoglobin level determinations as an indicator of the activity of the inflammatory process in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 705092 TI - [Serum ceruloplasmin level in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 705093 TI - [Clinical and radiological forms of non-specific spondylitis. I. Materials and methods. Clinical analysis. Results]. PMID- 705094 TI - [Distribution of forces acting on the hip joint under static conditions in positions removing the load from the lower extremity]. PMID- 705095 TI - [Blood lactate and pyruvate levels during standardized effort in children following an episode of rheumatic fever at the time of resuming physical exercise]. PMID- 705096 TI - [Effect of knee joint synovectomy on the activity of rheumatoid arthritis in early observations of 47 patients]. PMID- 705097 TI - [Late results of surgical treatment of dystrophic contracture of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 705098 TI - [Comprehensive treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 705099 TI - [Case of eosinophilic granuloma in a 3-year-old boy]. PMID- 705100 TI - [Participation of exogenous and endogenous histamine in the development of connective tissue]. PMID- 705101 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Tolectin]. PMID- 705102 TI - [Cervical biopsy: exploration of the neck and lymph gland biopsy]. PMID- 705103 TI - [Idiopathic facial paralysis and facial paralysis due to herpes zoster (follow-up and therapeutic indications)]. PMID- 705104 TI - [Facial paralysis in active chronic otitis (report of 32 cases)]. PMID- 705105 TI - [Surgical experience with traumatic facial paralysis. Apropos of 24 cases]. PMID- 705106 TI - [An unusual and misleading clinical picture: chronic osteomatous otitis. Apropos of 2 new cases]. PMID- 705107 TI - [Nystagmus caused by vertebro-basillary insufficiency]. PMID- 705108 TI - [Peripharyngeal abscesses: various observations apropos of 2 recent observations]. PMID- 705109 TI - [A case of a 5-kilogram-weighing cervicothoracic hump in man: brown fatty tumor (pheochromocytoma); immediate disappearance of the cardiovascular syndrome postoperatively]. PMID- 705110 TI - [A case of galloping pseudo-tumorous craniofacial osteomyelitis in a 3-year-old child with laryngeal dyspnea beyond stage II-III. Pharyngeal-laryngeal extension: spectacular recovery]. PMID- 705112 TI - [The HLA (human leukocyte antigen) system]. PMID- 705111 TI - [Comparative study of the concentration of 3 antibiotics in sinus secretions]. PMID- 705113 TI - [Current problems in osteomedullary pathology]. PMID- 705114 TI - [Recent data concerning the structure and anomalies of human chromosomes. I. Chromosomal individuality]. PMID- 705115 TI - [Relations between enviromental pollution and public health]. PMID- 705116 TI - [Incidence of coronary risk in a group of apparently healthy subjects]. PMID- 705117 TI - [Incidence of HBSAG carriers in chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 705118 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the lung in current pneumological practice. Apropose of 175 cases observed in Algiers]. PMID- 705119 TI - [Use of magnesium therapy in cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 705120 TI - [Methods of study of the allergic terrain in asthmatic children]. PMID- 705121 TI - [A further series of 100 orthopedically-treated fractures of the clavicle]. PMID- 705122 TI - [The kidney in patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 705123 TI - [Unusual forms of mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 705124 TI - [Incidence and dynamics of AgHBs in different clinical forms of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 705125 TI - [Incidence of intestinal helminthiasis, after a period of 25 years, in a population exposed to the influence of an urban zone]. PMID- 705126 TI - [Immunological studies of contact eczema in experimental animals]. PMID- 705128 TI - [Implications of phenomenon of microbial resistance to antibiotics in medicine and public health]. PMID- 705127 TI - [The harmfulness of textile plant dusts and the need for complete control]. PMID- 705129 TI - [Influence of a magnetic field on the serum proteins]. PMID- 705130 TI - [Influence of informational stress on blood cholesterol]. PMID- 705131 TI - [Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 705132 TI - [Acute nonsuppurative bronchopneumopathies in aged hospitalized patients]. PMID- 705133 TI - [A new indicator in the iodometric determination of some medicinal substances]. PMID- 705134 TI - [Vanadate determination of some phenothiazine derivatives]. PMID- 705135 TI - [Biostimulating effect of some sulfonamides of chlorphenoxyacetic acid and chlor phenoxypropionic acid derivatives on the biosynthesis of pencillin G]. PMID- 705136 TI - [Fatal anaphylactic shock in the course of intracutaneous testing of novocaine]. PMID- 705137 TI - [Cerebellar atrophy in a patient with dextrocardia, eosinophilia, congenital strabismus and familial chromatographic alterations of serum amino acids]. PMID- 705138 TI - [Treatment of disorders of sexual dynamics in students]. PMID- 705139 TI - [Facial paralysis. Peripheral facial paralysis and its treatment]. PMID- 705140 TI - [The facial nerve and its paralysis]. PMID- 705141 TI - [Evoluation and prognosis of a surgically corrected mitral valvulopathy]. PMID- 705142 TI - [General physiopathology of compartmental syndromes]. PMID- 705143 TI - [Value of radiography and photography of stillborn infants for genetic counseling]. PMID- 705144 TI - [Effect of low doses of dexamethasone in the treatment of hyperandrogenism of adrenal origin]. PMID- 705145 TI - [3 cases of complete bladder exstrophy]. PMID- 705146 TI - [Treatment of decubitus ulcer by muscle transposition]. PMID- 705147 TI - [Bronchopneumonia in children: 100 cases]. PMID- 705148 TI - [Old and new facts concerning the tobacco habit]. PMID- 705149 TI - [Pain: physiopathologic aspects and therapeutic approach]. PMID- 705150 TI - [Body in medicine: patient's body, physician's body]. PMID- 705151 TI - [Changes occurring during 1970--1975 in certain aspects of Swiss demography]. PMID- 705152 TI - [Industrial medicine: descriptive or aggressive?]. PMID- 705153 TI - [Comparative study of selective cholangiography and anatomo-pathological examination of Oddi's sphincter]. PMID- 705154 TI - [Hepato-biliary traumatic lesions: causes, types, severity and treatment of 222 patients with thoraco-abdominal injuries]. PMID- 705155 TI - [Sign of the hand guided toward the face (note on neuro-geriatric semeiology)]. PMID- 705156 TI - [Certain aspects of sensory deprivation]. PMID- 705157 TI - [Extent of physician's responsibility]. PMID- 705158 TI - [The practicing physician and depression. A general view. Introduction. Importance and occurrence of depressive states]. PMID- 705159 TI - [Physiopathology of depression]. PMID- 705160 TI - [Epidemiology of depression]. PMID- 705161 TI - [Psychological aspects of depression]. PMID- 705162 TI - [Intensive ambulatory treatment and team work between practitioner and psychiatrist]. PMID- 705163 TI - [Psychotherapy of depression]. PMID- 705164 TI - [Differential diagnosis of depression]. PMID- 705165 TI - [Symptoms associated with depression and masked depression]. PMID- 705166 TI - [The practicing physician and depression. A general view. By way of conclusion]. PMID- 705167 TI - [Pseudo-tumoral softening of the cerebellum]. AB - The author establish an onerall picture of cerebellar infarction with brain stem compression after reviewing 63 cases published in the literature and 4 personal observations. The frequency of this affection can be compared with that of cerebellar hematomas. Diagnosis is based on its predominance in males, the early age at which it appears, its rapid and typical onset, and the delayed signs of brain stem compression. Conventional neuroradiological procedures show an expanded cerebellar volume, and the scanner can specify the ischaemic nature of the lesion. As soon as changes in consciousness occur surgical decompression is necessary, first by external drainage of C.S.F. and later, if necessary, by direct access to the postdrior fossa. PMID- 705168 TI - [Disorders of heat and water regulation. Proliferative reticulo granulomatous process of hypothalamic origin (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the anatomical and clinical findings in a 65 year old patient with a lesion in the hypothalamus presenting mainly as disorders in heat and water regulation. Disorders in heat regulation dominated the clinical picture, in relation to a poikilothermia. Conservation of reactivity to pyrogenic bacteria is debatable. Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ISADH) by a direct effect on the supraoptico-hypophyseal aixs can account for the water and electrolyte disturbances. The anatomical lesions, due to hypothalamic changes, can be included in the circumscribed proliferative reticuloses of the CNS having a pseudo-inflammatory histological appearance. PMID- 705169 TI - Gout and serum uric acid levels in the Cotswolds. PMID- 705170 TI - Treatment of gout with alternate-day hypo-uricaemic drugs. PMID- 705171 TI - MacIntosh arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 705172 TI - Factors associated with delayed complications in patients with a hinge arthroplasty of the knee. PMID- 705174 TI - Thiemann's disease. PMID- 705173 TI - Progression of hip disease in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 705175 TI - Radicular pain in diabetes. PMID- 705176 TI - Metabolism of interferon (facts and fancy). AB - Although the knowledge of the interferon metabolism is still incomplete, two organs are emerging as elective sites. The kidney and probably the liver may share a major role but only future research will define quantitatively their importance. Many aspects of interferon activity upon cellular processes and its possible function as a 'chalone-type' substance are reviewed. PMID- 705177 TI - Biology of the human myeloma cell population. I.Macromolecular characteristics. AB - Several human myeloma cell populations were studied using a combination of cytochemical (Unna-Pappenheim and naphthol yellow staining, Feulgen reaction) and autoradiographical (uridine, leucine, thymidine uptake and actinomycin binding) techniques. Progressive differentiation of the myeloma population was associated with: 1. a loss of proliferative activity, 2. decreased transcriptional capacity, 3. decreased RNA and protein synthesis, 4. increased RNA and protein concentrations, 5. greater stability of the protein synthesis template. The existence of a pre-myelomatous compartment is suggested in the light of these results and those of previous kinetic studies in vivo. PMID- 705178 TI - Biology of the human myeloma cell population. II. Cytokinetic characteristics. AB - A kinetic study of five human myeloma cell populations before and after chemotherapy using cytochemical and autoradiographical techniques showed: 1. a large number of cells, with a DNA content intermediate between 2c and 4c, that did not incorporate thymidine ('U' cells) and were indicative of ineffective myelomapoiesis; 2. non cell cycle-specific (cyclophosphamide) followed by cell cycle-specific (vincristine) treatment led to an increase in the 3H-thymidine labelling index (LI) and activation of macromolecular synthesis (increased uridine and leucine uptake and actinomycin binding capacity) pointing to early cell recruitment. A high percentage of 'U' cells can be found even after therapy. The LI variations make it clear that recruitment after therapy is overestimated by at least 40% due to ineffective myelomapoiesis. In the light of this and previous personal studies, we propose a kinetic pattern: the myeloma population may be seen as a highly differentiating population whose non-proliferating cells cannot re-enter the cycle. By contrast, the acute leukemia populations are unable to differentiate, and the non-proliferating cells (G0) can be recalled into the cell cycle. PMID- 705179 TI - Evidence for the involvement of the IgE-basophil-mastocyte system in human acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - Several findings reveal the involvement of the IgE-basophil-mastocyte-platelet activating-factor (PAF) system in human acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. In the acute phases of the disease there is a transient, marked reduction in the circulating metachromatically staining basophils, indicating an in vivo basophil degranulation. The blood reservoirs of PAF are depleted. The number of metachromatic mastocytes in renal biopsy samples was very low and morphological aspects of degranulation were present. In vitro, we demonstrated basophil degranulation and PAF release in presence of exogenous streptococcal Ags after recovery. These findings suggest that the IgE-basophil mastocyte-PAF system may play a role in human pathology, as has been shown in immune complex (Ic) deposition in acute serum sickness in rabbits. PMID- 705180 TI - Erythrocyte deformability in a red cell ageing model. AB - The authors studied the effect of a period of storage on erythrocyte deformability in blood samples collected from 31 healthy subjects. A significant reduction in erythrocyte deformability was recorded over the course of time. The study was designed to determine whether pentoxifylline produces a dose-dependent increase in erythrocyte deformability in red cells from ageing blood. The effect of theophylline and prednisolone on this parameter was also studied. A dose dependent increase in erythrocyte deformability was established for pentoxifylline and was measurable immediately after addition of the substance. Theophylline increased erythrocyte deformability but not to a degree which differed significantly from the controls. Prednisolone elicited a slight reduction in erythrocyte deformability, but again the change was not significant by comparison with the controls. None of the substances brought about any change in the rate of red cell ageing. PMID- 705181 TI - An automated method for evaluation of the thyroid uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate. AB - A method for evaluating the thyroid uptake function, based on the work of De Garreta, Williams, Glass, Atkins, Higgins et al., was developed using 99mTc pertechnetate and a scintillation camera connected to a minicomputer system. The method has the advantages of a single visit, a low-dose examination, and the reliability of a full automated technique. The clinical results of the studies performed to date are in close correlation with those obtained from the radioactive iodine uptake test, and in good agreement with the findings of the above-mentioned authors. PMID- 705182 TI - [Effects of various preservative agents on the course of pregnancy and fetal development in experimental animals. Toxicological characteristics]. PMID- 705183 TI - [Determination of the degree of food contamination with pesticide residues in canteens and restaurants]. PMID- 705185 TI - [Porphyria symptoms and microsomal enzyme activity in rat liver following administration of hexachlorobenzene]. PMID- 705184 TI - [Determination of beta-glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum and liver of rats with reference to kinetics of the reaction]. PMID- 705187 TI - [Direct densitometric method for quantitative characterization of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides determined by paper chromatography]. PMID- 705186 TI - [Nutritional value of semi-processed food products obtained from krill. I. Determination of basic components and minerals in 4 semi-processed krill products]. PMID- 705188 TI - [Assessment of the nutritional status of children in nursery schools at the state farms on the basis of various hematological and biochemical indices]. PMID- 705189 TI - [Effects of antibiotics on sewage purification by the activated sludge method]. PMID- 705190 TI - [Effect of different X-ray radiation dosage on the development of chromosomal aberrations and rate of their elimination from bone marrow cells in mice. I. Mitotic index]. PMID- 705192 TI - [Hydatid disease: parasitology, epidemiology and prophylaxis]. PMID- 705191 TI - [Effect of house environment on the way of life of school children]. PMID- 705193 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of hydatid cyst]. PMID- 705194 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of hydatidosis]. PMID- 705196 TI - [Surgical treatment of hydatid cyst of the liver]. PMID- 705195 TI - [How to search for a hydatid localization of the liver]. PMID- 705197 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the lung]. PMID- 705198 TI - [Other localizations of hydatidosis]. PMID- 705199 TI - [Towards a medical treatment of hydatidosis?]. PMID- 705200 TI - [Rupture into the peritoneum of hydatid cyst of the liver]. PMID- 705201 TI - [Clinical study of depression]. PMID- 705202 TI - [From psychology of mourning to the biochemistry of depression]. PMID- 705203 TI - [The general practitioner and depression]. PMID- 705204 TI - [Drug-induced depression]. PMID- 705205 TI - [Depression of the adolescent]. PMID- 705206 TI - [Genetics of depression]. PMID- 705207 TI - [Treatment of depression]. PMID- 705208 TI - [Cultural aspects of depression]. PMID- 705209 TI - Influence of fornix, electrocoagulation on the level of cerebral amino acids in cats with hypothalamic cobalt epileptogenic focus. PMID- 705210 TI - Regeneration in the central nervous system. IV. The effect of immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 705211 TI - Polyneuropathy in Dupuytren's disease. (An electroneurographic study). PMID- 705212 TI - The role of some etiologic factors of neurasthenia in a population of university students. PMID- 705213 TI - Brain stem vascular lesions in chronic uremia. Clinicopathologic case report. PMID- 705214 TI - Cerebrovascular and biochemical peculiarities in patients with recurrent strokes. PMID- 705215 TI - Experimental and neuropathologic research in cerebral ischemic hypoxia associated or not with EAE. PMID- 705216 TI - [External comparative morphology and taxonomy of the vipers of Europe (author's transl)]. PMID- 705217 TI - [Helminthological notes IV: Strigeidae Railliet, Diplostomidae Poirier, Proterodiplostomidae Dubois and Cyathocotylidae Poche (Trematoda) (author's transl)]. PMID- 705218 TI - Sulfaquinoxaline, a possible means for the control of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. PMID- 705219 TI - [Behaviour of brain tissue in vitro as an indicator of the degree of embryonal maturity (author's transl)]. PMID- 705220 TI - [Changes of bone tissue in rats during lactation (author's transl)]. PMID- 705221 TI - [Tissue distribution of transplantation antigens (author's transl)]. PMID- 705222 TI - [Effect of some cytostatics and cycloheximide on the activity of pancreatic enzymes in the experiment on rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 705223 TI - Principles of cardiac output regulation. PMID- 705224 TI - Cardiac performance: significance of the Frank--Starling mechanism at low inotropy. PMID- 705225 TI - Inhibitory effects of vibrations on contractility of isolated rabbit papillary muscle. AB - The effects of vibrations on myocardial contractility have been tested in isolated rabbit papillary muscles. Sinusoidal longitudinal oscillations were found to inhibit active force in the paced preparation to an extent which depended on vibration amplitude and frequency. The inhibitory effect of vibrations on myocardial contraction resembled that previously seen in other types of muscle. Vibration during the inactive phase did not alter passive muscle tension. When the vibrator was controlled by phonocardiographic recordings from a normal subject or from patients with congenital aortic stenosis, pronounced inhibition was obtained only by vibrations corresponding to a systolic murmur. It is concluded that the myocardium is sensitive to oscillating length changes. If the ventricular muscle in vivo is exposed to vibrations during systole the cardiac function might be seriously interfered with. PMID- 705226 TI - Myocardial depressant effect of vibrations in the isolated rabbit heart. AB - A working rabbit heart preparation was developed in which vibrations could be induced in the left ventricular outflow tract. The vibrations were produced by a special vibrator from which a metal pin was connected to a thin metal plate sutured onto the left ventricle. Vibrations of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mm amplitude and frequencies of 50, 80 and 100 Hz were used. Increasing amplitudes or frequencies resulted in more pronounced reduction of cardiac output, aortic flow and left ventricular peak systolic pressure. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased at higher amplitudes or frequencies. The coronary flow was not significantly changed. It is suggested that vibrations of the ventricular wall might be a myocardial depressant factor of importance in valvular heart disease. PMID- 705227 TI - Changes in plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume after addition of prazosin to propranolol treatment in patients with hypertension. AB - In fifteen patients with hypertension, inadequately controlled during treatment with propranolol alone (mean dosage 333 mg/day), plasma volume (PV) and extracellular fluid volume (ECV) were determined. After addition of prazosin for 3 months (mean dosage 9 mg/day) there was a significant increase in PV and ECV, on average 8 and 5%, respectively. The decrease in supine blood pressure, systolic as well as diastolic, was very modest, on average 11 mmHg (SD +/- 12) and 4 mmHg (SD +/- 7), respectively. The changes in standing blood pressure were more pronounced. It is assumed that the expansion of PV and ECV contributes to the inadequate blood pressure response found in the present study. PMID- 705228 TI - Hypoxanthine in cerebrospinal fluid in children. AB - In forty-five children the hypoxanthine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured (fifty-two samples). In newborn infants (nineteen patients) the hypoxanthine levels were higher in patients with clinical conditions associated with hypoxia (idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia, apneic attacks) than in patients without clinical hypoxia (P less than 0.01). In hypoxic patients the hypoxanthine concentration varied between 5 and 28 mu mol/l. In children outside the neonatal period the hypoxanthine concentration in CSF varied considerably in different diseases. High levels were registered in meningitis prior to treatment, febrile convulsions and in lymphoblastic leukaemia, probably reflecting tissue hypoxia and an increased tissue catabolism. PMID- 705229 TI - Optimum laboratory test combinations for thyroid function studies, selected by discriminant analysis. AB - In 430 patients with a variety of thyroid disorders, linear discriminant analysis was used to select laboratory test combinations giving optimum diagnostic efficiency in thyroid function studies. Unexpectedly, TSH was found valuable in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and T3 in hypothyroidism. These test combinations were found optimal for the separation of euthyroidism/hyperthyroidism: T3, TSH and T4; euthyroidism/hypothyroidism: Combined free thyroid hormone index (FTI) and TSH; and hyperthyroidism/euthyroidism/hypothyroidism: T3, TSH, T4, FTI and T3U. The latter test combination had a total efficiency of 94%. Cholesterol, achilles reflex time, PBI and radioiodine uptake measurement contributed little to the discrimination. PMID- 705230 TI - Aldosterone in primary hypertension relationship to plasma renin activity and urinary electrolytes and a comparison with normotensive subjects. AB - Plasma aldosterone (PA) and urinary aldosterone (Aldo-U) concentrations were studied in 123 patients with primary (essential) hypertension during basal (1 h supine rest), upright and frusemide (80 mg orally) stimulated conditions, and were related to urinary sodium and potassium excretions, supine and sitting blood pressure (BP) and the relationship to plasma renin activity (PRA). As controls, 120 normotensive subjects, matched for age and sex, were investigated identically during strictly defined out-patient conditions. No differences regarding the different mean PA levels, urinary electrolyte excretion or the urinary sodium: potassium ratio were observed between the hypertensive and the normotensive populations. However, the hypertensive subjects had significantly higher mean Aldo-U excretions than the controls. Correlations between PA and the corresponding PRA were consistently significant in the normotensive control group but weak to non-existent in the hypertensive subjects. No relationships at all could be found between the different PRA and Aldo-U values in the hypertensive population but significant correlations were noted in the control group. These findings point to a disturbed function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system even in primary hypertension. PMID- 705231 TI - Determination of renal blood flow by thermodilution method. AB - The single bolus thermodilution method for measurement of renal vein blood flow was tested. In model experiments the thermodilution method was compared with graduated cylinder measurements over a flow range from 50 to 1050 ml/min. There was a good correlation between the two methods (r = 0.98) with a mean of differences of 5.2%. In eighteen patients measurements were performed in duplicate in thirty-one renal veins. Comparison was made between the first (x) and second (u) measurement--performed within 3 min. The correlation between the two was very good (r = 0.99; y = 1.03x - 11.48). In twelve patients bilateral renal vein blood flow measurements were performed simultaneous to blood flow measurement by PAH clearance. The correlation between total flow measured by thermodilution (y) and by the clearance method (x) was good (r = 0.98; y = 0.79x + 221). It is concluded that the thermodilution method requires catheterization of the renal veins, but is otherwise simple to perform, is inexpensive and gives reliable results. It is particularly advantageous when repeated measurements in the study of acute changes in renal haemodynamics is desirable. PMID- 705232 TI - Clinical porphyrin analyses: indications and interpretations. PMID- 705233 TI - Serological diagnosis of acute hepatitis B infection. AB - The value of different serological assays of hepatitis B virus associated antigens and antibodies was tested in forty-eight consecutive cases of acute hepatitis negative for HBsAg by agargel diffusion. The tests included radioimmunoassay of HBsAg, IgM and IgG anti-HBs and counter-immunoelectrophoresis for anti-HBc detection. Twelve cases were identified as hepatitis B (25%). Eleven cases were positive for HBsAg by RIA, and only one case was detected by an increasing titre of antibodies alone. Further seventeen patients had an unchanged antibody titre to one or more antigens. It is concluded that a sensitive test for HBsAg is the most important tool for diagnosing acute hepatitis B infection. PMID- 705234 TI - Determination of thiosulphate in urine. AB - A method is described for the determination of thiosulphate in urine. After removal of interfering compounds, including endogenous thiocyanate by ion exchange, thiosulphate is converted to thiocyanate in the presence of cyanide and cupric ions. The thiocyanate formed is concentrated by ion exchange, eluted with an acid solution of ferric ions and the ferric thiocyanate complex determined colorimetrically. Healthy human subjects excreted 31.7 +/- 12.8 mumol/24 h (mean +/- SD) thiosulphate. PMID- 705235 TI - Porphyrin production and liver involvement in a patient with erythropoietic protoporphyria. AB - The clinical and biochemical findings in a patient with erythropoietic protoporphyria are described. The patient had an extreme accumulation of protoporphyria in his erythrocytes and there was a thirty-fold increase in stool protoporphyrin. The patient also had elevated protoporphyrin in serum, bone marrow and liver. The porphyrins of the red blood cells, bone marrow and serum had fluorescence spectra different from that of the liver. Urine showed increased copra-, hepta- and uroporphyrins. Ferrochelatase activity in the bone marrow was less than 20% of that of non-porphyric controls. In spite of the extremely high levels of red cell protoporphyrin, the patient was clinically healthy with modest changes in liver function tests and liver histology. The results are discussed in relation to the development of liver damage and the recent findings of the effect of porphyrins on cell metabolism. PMID- 705236 TI - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for measurements of 3,3'-diiodothyronine in unextracted serum. PMID- 705237 TI - Skeletal muscle characteristics and carbohydrate metabolism after glucose loading in hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. AB - A prolonged glucose load was administered to four patients with hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and four healthy control sujbects. Muscle ATP and CP concentrations as well as lactate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and phosphorylase activities were similar in those two groups, but succinate dehydrogenase was approximately 50% higher in the control muscles. Muscles fibre composition was almost identical in the two groups, whereas patients had a higher degree of capillarization. Complete muscle weakness was produced in all patients, accompanied by hypokalaemia. Glucose loading resulted in elevated insulin levels and a minor rise in blood glucose level was seen in the patients compared to the control subjects. Glucose loading decreased hexokinase activity in controls, but increased this in the patients. At similar times, muscle and blood lactate levels and blood pyruvate values were generally higher in the patients over the course of the experiment. Initial glycogen concentrations were higher in patients, but glucose loading did not result in greatly increased glycogen values. These data suggest that patients with hypokalaemic periodic paralysis have an enhanced metabolism of carbohydrates and that insulin seems to be an important factor leading to the onset of muscle weakness. PMID- 705238 TI - Muscle glycogen concentration during recovery after prolonged severe exercise in fasting subjects. AB - The influence of 12 h of fasting after prolonged severe exercise on the muscle glycogen concentration was studed in 5 normal subjects. The subjects exercised in the post absorptive state at 70% of max. Vo2 till exhaustion, then rested for 12 h. No food was allowed during recovery. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained before exercise, immediately after the cessation of exercise, and after 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 h of recovery. Muscle glycogen content decreased from 70.4 +/- 3.0 to 21.6 +/- 3.9 mmol glucosyl units/kg w.w. in response to exercise. After 4 h of recovery muscle glycogen had increased to 28.8 +/- 3.6 mmol glucosyl units/kg (P less than 0.025). During the next 8 h of recovery no further increase in glycogen concentration was observed. Mean plasma glucose concentration was observed. Mean plasma glucose concentration decreased from 5.25 +/- 0.16 to 4.37 +/- 0.18 mmol/l during exercise (P less than 0.001). No change in the plasma glucose level was observed during recovery. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentration decreased from 15.9 +/- 1.0 to 10.2 +/- 0.5 micromicron/ml (P less than 0.001) during exercise, and remained at this level during recovery. It is concluded that some muscle glycogen repletion may occur after prolonged, severe exercise even under fasting conditions. It is suggested that this may proceed through an increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID- 705239 TI - The kinetics of myoglobin in old volunteers and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Following pre-treatment with potassium iodide, [125I]myoglobin was administered intravenously to six old volunteers. Blood and urine samples were taken at regular intervals. Serum radioactivity was shown to be myoglobin-bound. Three rates of elimination were observed, with half-lives of 20 min, 3 h 20 min, and 18 h 30 min. The first two rates corresponded to distribution volumes of 5.2 and 211. The third rate was of zero order and had eliminated around 10% of administered radioactivity after 6 h. At this time 60% of administered radioactivity had been recovered from the urine. Around 80% appeared as non protein bound 125I, while 10% was protein-bound. The latter fraction was not precipitable with antiserum against myoglobin, which suggests that this fraction was deconjugated globin. Only insignificant amounts were excreted as myoglobin. The elimination constants were larger than those found in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), measured by the disappearance rate of endogenous myoglobin. PMID- 705240 TI - Abnormal renal haemodynamics during exercise in young patients with mild essential hypertension without treatment and during long-term propranolol therapy. PMID- 705241 TI - Factors limiting renal proximal tubular reabsorption at high glomerular filtration rate. AB - To examine the factors limiting proximal reabsorption, distal reabsorption was inhibited by continuous infusion of ethacrynic acid in anaesthetized dogs. During combined infusion of ethacrynic acid and 0.9% saline, autoregulation of renal blood flow is impaired and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be varied by lowering or raising renal perfusion pressure. During lowering of GFR reabsorption of bicarbonate, chloride and sodium varied in proportion to reduction in GFR (glomerulotubular balance), but during elevation of GFR the increase in the filtered load of all three ions was excreted and a maximal rate of reabsorption was approached. Administration of acetazolamide reduced the reabsorption of bicarbonate, chloride and sodium in the ratio 1:2:3, whether GFR was at control, reduced (74% of control) or increased (124% of control). Renal blood flow was 80- 90% greater at high than at low GFR. These observations indicate that bicarbonate concentration increases along the proximal tubules during elevation of GFR, until plasma bicarbonate concentration is approached at the distal end of the proximal tubules. From then on, bicarbonate reabsorption cannot be further raised by increasing GFR. Proximal tubular sodium reabsoption reaches a maximum at high GFR because NaCl reabsorption varies in proportion to bicarbonate reabsorption. PMID- 705242 TI - The applicability of the thermodilution method for determination of pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance in infants and children with ventricular septal defects. AB - The thermodilution method is accepted for measuring cardiac output in adults without shunts. It has been shown to work in animals the same size as newborn infants and has recently been used in children with congenital heart defects. We have proved its clinical applicability in determining the pulmonary blood flow, in twenty-five infants and children with VSD. The pulmonary vascular resistance can be calculated more accurately than by the Fick principle with an assumed O2 consumption, which has often had to be done in earlier studies. PMID- 705243 TI - Change in P wave terminal force and systolic time intervals during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - P wave terminal force (Ptf) and systolic time intervals (STI) were determined non invasively from electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid pulse wave in fifteen men with coronary artery disease, before and during exercise. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and stroke volume (SV) were determined at catheterization simultaneously with the non-invasive recordings. Pre-ejection period (PEP) shortened in eleven patients, left ventricular ejection time (LVET) shortened in eight and Ptf and PEP/LVET decreased in ten patients during exercise. Ptf was significantly correlated to LVEDP both at rest (r = -0.66) and during exercise (r = -0.79). The change in Ptf and LVEDP was less correlated (r = -0.52). The change in LVET (r = -0.50), the change in PEP (r = 0.62) and in the index PEP/LVET (r = 0.65) was correlated to the change in SV. The use of both Ptf and STI may be of value in estimating left ventricular function during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 705244 TI - Radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in capillary blood. AB - A radioimmunoassay technique for the estimation of T3 and T4 levels in capillary blood is described and evaluated in comparison to a simultaneously drawn and equally analyzed sample from the cubital vein. A total number of 236 samples thus received from the capillary and the vein from euthyroid, hypo- and hyper-thyroid patients were collected. For both T3 and T4 a good correlation (r = 0.94) was obtained. The clinical implication would especially be for paediatric practice. PMID- 705245 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Differences in morphologic changes in the pancreatic duct and the bile duct. AB - The radiological findings in ERCP in 49 patients (ERP 49 patients and ERC 24 patients) with pancreatic diseases were evaluated blindly (24 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 25 patients with pancreatic cancer as a final diagnosis). Obstructions of the main pancreatic duct were found in 16 out of 24 patients with chronic pancreatitis and in 24 out of 25 patients with pancreatic cancer. Irregularity of obstructions was seen significantly more often in patients with cancer. Cholangiography demonstrated obstructions of the distal part of the common bile duct in both groups of patients, but irregularity of obstructions was exclusively seen in the cancer group. Though characteristic radiological features were demonstrated, a safe diagnosis must probably still rely on biopsy. PMID- 705246 TI - Passage of molecules through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. I. A simple experimental model. AB - We describe here a simple experimental model for studying how the structural integrity of the intestinal wall is related to the transmural passage of molecules into the circulation. The model is based on the deposition of fluorescently labeled dextran in the intestine and its eventual recovery in the portal blood and mesenteric lymph. The fluorescent compound can be determined with sensitivity and ease by using fluorescence spectrometry. As judged from chromatography on Sephadex G-100, the compound was not degraded or otherwise chemically altered on its route of passage. The rate of passage was inversely proportional to the molecular size. The model may prove useful for studying factors that influence the transmission of macromolecules across the intestinal wall. Such a transmission probably underlies the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. PMID- 705247 TI - Malabsorption of fat and vitamin B12 before and after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease. AB - Intestinal absorption of fat and vitamin B12 was studied prospectively in 136 patients with Crohn's disease localized to the ileum and/or the colon. Fecal fat was measured in 3-day periods on a high fat diet, and vitamin B12 absorption was assessed by the Schilling test. When related to the extent of the ileal disease there was a poor correlation to both fecal fat excretion and the result from the Schilling tests, but an exponential and highly significant correlation was found between the results of both tests and the length of the resected ileal segment. Accepting a change in either direction not exceeding 10% of the preoperative test value as unchanged, three-fifths of the patients deteriorated and one-fifth improved in fat-absorption, whereas half the patients deteriorated and one-third improved in vitamin-B12 absorption after surgery. When related to the length of the ileum resected, the test results were about the same in patients subjected to a restorative procedure sparing the major part of the colon and in ileostomy patients. Absorption of fat and vitamin B12 did not change with time elapsing from operation, indicating that there were no compensatory mechanisms as regards absorption of these substances. PMID- 705248 TI - The inhibitory effect of secretin and glucagon on pressure responses to cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in isolated guinea-pig stomach. AB - Pressure responses in guinea-pig antral and fundal pouches were investigated in vitro. Secretin and glucagon in concentrations that did not significantly alter spontaneous activity significantly reduced antral responses to cholecystokinin, but had no depressive effect on the fundal responses. The antral inhibition of CCK-PZ may be specific, since responses to acetylcholine were unaffected by secretin and glucagon. The changes produced by secretin and glucagon in the antral dose-response curve to CCK-PZ suggest that the inhibition might be of a non-competitive type. PMID- 705249 TI - The effect of parietal cell vagotomy and selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty on gastric emptying of a liquid meal. A prospective randomized study. PMID- 705250 TI - Gastric emptying and acid secretion during the first postoperative year after parietal cell vagotomy. PMID- 705251 TI - The endoscopic, radiological, and surgical findings in chronic duodenal ulceration. AB - A prospective study of the endoscopic, radiological, and surgical features of chronic duodenal ulceration has been performed. Double contrast barium meal and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were both performed within five days of elective surgery for chronic duodenal ulceration on 50 patients. The surgical diagnosis correlated with endoscopy in 88% and radiology in 82%, but if both techniques were employed, an accurate pre-operative diagnosis was achieved in 96% of cases. There was poorer correlation in determining the position of the ulcer within the bulb, with only 41% correlation between all three parameters and complete disagreement in 24%. Surgery correlated with endoscopy in 71% but with radiology in only 41%. The correlation between endoscopy and surgery in the diagnosis of duodenitis was only 42%, suggesting that this should be a histological diagnosis. This study suggests that endoscopy is slightly more precise than radiology in the diagnosis of chronic duodenal ulceration, but with a combination of the two techniques almost 100% accuracy can be achieved. PMID- 705252 TI - Fecal beta-sitosterol in patients with diverticular disease of the colon and in vegetarians. AB - Fecal sterol analysis showed that excretion of beta-sitosterol, a major component of poorly absorbable dietary vegetable sterols, is subnormal in patients with diverticular disease of the colon. Thus, the patients had evidently consumed a diet low in plant materials. The finding agrees with the current opinion that diverticular disease of the colon is associated with dietary fibre deficiency and suggests that fecal beta-sitosterol provides a rough measure of the vegetable intake. In vegetarians the beta-sitosterol excretion was actually high. PMID- 705253 TI - Enteric hyperoxaluria: dependence on small intestinal resection, colectomy, and steatorrhoea in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The importance of intestinal resection, exclusion of the colon, and steatorrhoea for secondary hyperoxaluria was studied in 81 patients with Crohn's disease and 12 patients with ileostomy after colectomy for ulcerative colitis during a metabolic regime including a fixed oral supply of fat, calcium, and oxalate. Hyperoxaluria (greater than 48 mg (greater than 0.5 mmol) per 24 h) was present in 21 patients with Crohn's disease. All but one half or more of the colon preserved. Renal oxalate excretion was related to the amount of ileum resected. 14C-oxalate absorption was significantly higher in patients with ileal resection and the whole colon preserved than in patients with ileal resection plus hemicolectomy, despite the fact that the latter group had the most extensive ileal resections. Faecal fat and oxalate excretion agreed well in patients without ileostomy (r = 0.76, p less than 0.001), and renal oxalate excretion was significantly higher in patients with steatorrhea and the colon preserved than in patients without steatorrhoea. In all 93 patients 14C-oxalate absorption and renal oxalate excretion was positively correlated with a coefficient of correlation of 0.76 (p less than 0.001). No correlation was present between 47Ca- and 14C-oxalate absorption. The study confirm that a preserved colon is necessary for secondary hyperoxaluria and stresses the importance of ileal resection and steatorrhoea. PMID- 705254 TI - Obstructive jaundice in pancreatitis investigated by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. AB - Obstructive jaundice is a rare complication of alcoholic pancreatitis. In three patients with persistent jaundice, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography demonstrated either stenosis and dislocation of the common bile duct due to pancreatic pseudocysts or stenosis due to pancreatic fibrosis. These stenoses were easily differentiated from obstructions due to tumours or common duct stones. We suggest that percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is valuable in pancreatitis with jaundice. PMID- 705255 TI - Stereomicroscopic examination of stained rectal biopsies. AB - The normal mucosal surface morphology in the rectum has been described by investigation of 15 rectal biopsies using a semimacroscopic technique. The structures of the mucosal surface were rendered visible by staining the biopsies as whole mounts with Alcian Green. A regular pattern of the crypt openings was found, and the goblet cells were observed in and just around the crypt openings. The density of crypt openings was calculated as the number of crypt openings per square millimetre (104 +/- 23 openings per mm2, mean and S.D.). Histologic examinations of the same biopsies were performed, and the density of crypt tubules was calculated from serial, horizontal sections (130 +/- 34 tubules per mm2, mean and S.D.). The ratio of crypt openings/crypt tubules was 1:1.25, indicating some branching of the mucosal glands in the rectum. PMID- 705256 TI - Experimental studies on fluid pathophysiology in small intestinal obstruction in the rat. V. Effects of intraluminal hyperosmolality and simultaneous intravenous infusions on the experimentally obstructed and decompressed small intestine. AB - An influx of fluid into the lumen of the intestine similar to that seen in simple obstructional ileus may be provoked by introducing a hyperosmolal glucose solution into the bowel. In the otherwise intact small intestine the effect of this influx of fluid will be in accordance with a simple dilution curve. The intestinal mucosa thus functions in the manner of a semipermeable membrane permitting only hypo-osmolal fluids to enter the intestinal lumen and in amounts independent of parenteral fluid infusions, regardless of osmolality. This relationship persists even after the intestine has been totally obstructed for 3 days. The influx of fluid has the same principal characteristics, and the only limiting factor on the magnitude of this fluid shift to the intestine is the lack of fluids resulting from the marked dehydration of the organism due to ileus. Prerequisites for this are normal epithelial function and normal mucosal circulation. Thus it is clear that the organism in general and the small intestine in particular, even when exposed to prolonged obstruction, are still able to counteract intraluminal hyperosmolality by dilution with hypo-osmolal fluid. PMID- 705257 TI - Experimental studies on fluid pathophysiology in small intestinal obstruction in the rat. VI. Effects of intraluminal hyperosmolality and simultaneous intravenous infusions on the experimentally obstructed small intestine of the rat. PMID- 705258 TI - Indomethacin treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat. AB - Indomethacin given orally or intramuscularly before or shortly after induction of acute sodium-taurocholate or olive-oil-induced pancreatitis in rats reduced the lethality. Neither the enzyme content of serum, ascites, and pancreatic tissue nor the damage to the organ itself were changed under the influence of indomethacin. Thus a modification of systemic effects of acute pancreatitis may be responsible for the beneficial effect of indomethacin. PMID- 705259 TI - Cimetidine treatment of protein-losing gastropathy (Menetrier's disease). A clinical and pathophysiological study. AB - In a 47-year-old male with Menetrier's disease (protein-losing gastropathy) the histamine-H2-receptor antagonist Cimetidine stops the protein loss and improves the clinical condition. Gastric perfusion studies on net and bidirectional ionic fluxes, protein secretion rates, and permeability, with simultaneous recording of the transmural electrical potential difference indicate that Cimetidine decreases a paracellular protein secretion by 'tightening' the tight junctions of the gastric epithelium. PMID- 705260 TI - Target--effector interaction in the natural killer cell system. I. Covariance and genetic control of cytolytic and target-cell-binding subpopulations in the mouse. PMID- 705261 TI - The secondary cytotoxic response to trinitrophenyl (TNP) modified syngeneic lymphocytes: effectors generated in vitro differ from those generated in vivo. AB - Following priming in vivo, a secondary cytotoxic response to TNP modified syngeneic lymphocytes can be generated by restimulation either in vivo or in vitro. The secondary effectors generated in vivo show H-2 restricted cytotoxicity, in that only TNP modified syngeneic targets are lysed. However, the secondary effectors generated in vitro lyse both TNP modified syngeneic targets and TNP modified congenic targets which differ only at the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 705262 TI - Comparison of the effector cells in human spontaneous cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: differential sensitivity of effector cells to in vivo and in vitro corticosteroids. AB - The effector cells mediating antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and spontaneous cellular cytotoxicity (SCC) in humans have been reported to possess similar characteristics. Multiple cell separation techniques were employed in an attempt to physically separate and distinguish the effector cells in these two types of cellular cytotoxicity. Subpopulations of mononuclear cells obtained by a variety of fractionation procedures which either enriched or depleted monocytes, lymphocytes bearing a receptor for sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a receptor for complement (CRL) or an Fc receptor for IgG always had similar effects on both ADCC and SCC. Aggregated gamma globulin blockade of Fc receptors produced similar dose-dependent depressions of ADCC and SCC. Despite our inability to physically separate the effector cells of ADCC and SCC, administration of in vivo dexamethasone caused a relative increase in ADCC but a profound decrease in SCC. Furthermore, in vitro dexamethasone in pharmacologic and suprapharmacologic concentrations caused no change in ADCC but significantly decreased SCC. This study demonstrates that although the effector cells cannot be physically separated, ADCC and SCC are differentially sensitive to corticosteroids and are hence functionally distinct either on the basis of different subsets of effector cells with similar surface markers or different mechanisms of cytotoxicity by the same effector cell. PMID- 705263 TI - Corynebacterium parvum-induced peritoneal exudate cells with rapid cytolytic activity against tumour cells are non-phagocytic cells with characteristics of natural killer cells. AB - Peritoneal exudate cells taken from mice 3 days after intraperitoneal treatment with Corynebacterium parvum (Cp) have been shown to kill specifically certain tumour targets in vitro. We have analysed in detail such Cp-induced cytotoxic cells as to their cellular characteristics, considering the fact that size and charge characteristics of cellular subgroups are useful markers in describing their representative characteristics. We could thus show that the cytolytic cell could not be classified as a macrophage. They behaved, in every manner analysed, exactly as the previously defined natural killer cells found in the lymphoid organs of normal mice. PMID- 705265 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: ox erythrocytes as indicators in the EA- and EAC-rosette tests: serological and technical aspects. AB - Serological properties of ox erythrocytes (ORBC) make it possible to select cells which exhibit weak agglutinability despite strong antibody sensitization. This property and the non-binding of unsensitized ORBC to lymphocyte surface membranes make these cells excellently suited as indicators in techniques for the identification of erythrocyte-antibody (EA) and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC) rosette-forming lymphocytes (RFC). This report describes the relevant serology for the selection of appropriate cells and antisera. Further, some of the technical aspects of these tests are discussed. A simple method for the sensitization of ORBC with complement is described. The basis for this method is the naturally occurring complement-binding anti-ORBC antibodies of the IgM class in human sera. After zymosan treatment the sera are deficient in the fifth component of complement and hence non-haemolytic, which make these sufficient as sensitizing agents in the preparation of EAC indicator cells. The relations of EA anc EAC-RFC to be established T and B lymphocyte subpopulations are revealed by the enrichment and depletion of lymphocytes rosetting with 2 aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET)-treated sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). PMID- 705264 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: no selective loss during isolation from defibrinated blood. AB - Human lymphocytes isolated from defibrinated blood are characterized especially in relation to the total yield of lymphocytes and their subpopulations identified by membrane markers. The defibrination per se gives a significant loss of monocytes and granulocytes but no loss of lymphocytes, indicating that no selective loss of lymphocytes occurs. In a comparison of heparin-stabilized and defibrinated blood no difference in yield is found during every single step of the isolation procedure. Quantitation of E-RFC and SmIg-positive lymphocytes gives no differences in comparing the respective isolated suspensions of mononuclear cells. The observed difference in EA- and EAC-RFC can freely be ascribed to the difference in monocyte contamination. Further, no correlation is found between total lymphocyte yield and the relative number of the subpopulations identified, i.e. E-RFC, SmIg-positive, Fc-receptor- and complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes. Hence it is concluded that defibrinated blood is optimal as blood source for the isolation of mononuclear cells when lymphocyte subpopulations are studied and enumerated. PMID- 705266 TI - The epidemiology of primary osteoarthrosis of the knee in Greenland. AB - 295 Greenlanders, 5% of the population of Greenland, in the age group 40 years or more, were investigated regarding primary oesteoarthrosis of the knee. The pathological changes were categorized as mid, intermediate, or severe. 86 (29%) of the subjects were found to have osteoarthrosis and the mild form accounted for 72% of these, while only one individual was found to have severe osteoarthrosis. Significantly more individuals from the West coast of Greenland (a mixed Eskimo European population) as compared with individuals from the East coast (genuine Eskimos) were found to have osteoarthrosis of the knee (38% and 18%, respectively). An investigation of the sex distribution revealed more osteoarthrosis among West coast women than among East coast women (p is less than 0.05), whereas no such differences were found among the men. It was speculated that the difference between the prevalence rates of osteoarthrosis of the knee in the two population groups might reflect differences in occupation and possibly also a genetic predisposition. PMID- 705267 TI - Penicillamine-induced polymyositis-dermatomyositis. AB - Two patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis developed myopathy during treatment with penicillamine. In both patients, electromyography and muscle biopsies were indicative of polymyositis. In one patient, muscle enzymes were not examined at the appropriate time; in the other patient muscle enzymes were raised. This latter patient also had a rash and, in the dermal epidermal junction of pathological skin, granular deposits of immunoglobulin and complement were found. The myopathy subsided in both patients after withdrawal of penicillamine. PMID- 705268 TI - Posterior atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A case of posterior atlanto-axial subluxation is presented, together with a survey of previously reported cases. The patient's history suggested affection of the vertebral artery, and involvement of the medulla, but there were no physical signs of such. The patient was treated with posterior atlanto-axial fixation with good results. PMID- 705269 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis and serum chemotactic activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Neutrophil chemotaxis, random motility, serum chemotactic activity derived from complement activation by classical or alternative pathways, and the presence of serum inhibitors of chemotaxis were all studied in 24 patients affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and in an equal number of healthy control subjects. Statistical comparison between patients and controls indicated lower chemotactic activity in patient's serum when activated by the classical pathway, and the presence in some SLE patients of a heat-labile inhibitor of the chemoattractants. Low "classical pathway" chemotactic indexes were correlated with low C4 values, active nephritis and recurrent infections. The presence of heat-labile inhibitor was correlated with low values of C3. Our data suggest that defective neutrophil chemotaxis could be one of the mechanisms contributing to the high incidence of infections suffered by SLE patients. The importance of conducting separate studies on cell movement and on generation of serum chemotactic activities by classical and alternative pathways in SLE patients is discussed. PMID- 705271 TI - Reversible renal side effects of intra-articular osmic acid injection. AB - In 101 patients treated for knee joint hydrops with intra-articular osmic acid injection, an increased incidence of proteinuria and microscopic haematuria was noted on the first day after injection. This increase subsided rapidly and had disappeared 3 days after the injection. Three patients showed transient glycosuria. No signs of permanent renal damage appeared in any patient. PMID- 705270 TI - Copper in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - To study the role of copper in inflammatory rheumatic diseases, serum copper, serum ceruloplasmin concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and radio copper studies were performed in 11 male patients with ankylosing spondylitis, in 12 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 7 normal male subjects. The occurrence of elevated serum copper and serum ceruloplasmin levels can be confirmed in our study for patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis when compared with normal controls. A significant correlation was found for these parameters and the inflammatory activity, characterized by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. If groups with similar inflammatory activity are compared, higher ceruloplasmin concentrations are found in ankylosing spondylitis than in rheumatoid arthritis, the plasma incorporation of radiocopper also being higher in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Therefore, and because of comparable total serum copper concentrations, the non-ceruloplasmin bound copper level is found to be significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients than in the group of ankylosing spondylitis patients. The significant correlation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the cumulative 120-hour urine excretion of radiocopper is in good agreement with the chemical finding of an elevated urinary copper excretion found by others, supporting the concept that the elevation of serum and urine copper levels in inflammatory rheumatoid diseases can be considered as an acute phase response. PMID- 705272 TI - Absence of increased frequency of degenerative joint changes after osmic acid injections. AB - Fifty-two adults and 31 children, who were treated with osmic acid for one knee joint, were observed for 8-18 years. No other local treatment of the knee joints was given. In adults no difference was seen in clinical or radiological findings between joints treated and not treated with osmic acid. The age of the patient had a marked influence on the development of degenerative joint disease. In children, radiological deterioration of the knee joints was marked in joints affected by radiological changes even before treatment. It is concluded that though osmic acid causes superficial damage to the cartilage, it has no significant clinical relevance. Osmic acid can still be recommended as a simple remedy in the treatment of knee joint synovitis, in both adults and children. PMID- 705274 TI - C-reactive protein and delayed hypersensitivity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), the delayed hypersensitivity found when skin-testing with a panel of memory antigens appeared to be reduced. Since C-reactive protein (CRP) has recently been shown to inhibit various parameters of cellular immunity in vitro, we tested the concentration of CRP in serum from 44 patients with JRA who had previously been tested for delayed hypersensitivity. The mean concentration of CRP in the patients was 32.2mg/l, while in age-and sex-matched controls it was less than 5 mg/l. By scatter diagrams and statistical analysis no association was found between the concentration of CRP and various expressions of delayed hypersensitivity in vivo. PMID- 705273 TI - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Biochemical changes in blood serum, urine, skin, bone, and ectopic ossification. AB - Increased urinary output of total hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine and uronic acid was found in two patients suffering from fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Before treatment of one of the patients, the high molecular weight peptide fraction deriving from newly synthesised collagen was particularly increased. Treatment with disodium etidronate (diphosphonate) reduced the values. The urinary values of sodium, potassium and calcium were also depressed during treatment, and, in both patients, serum phosphate was high, while serum calcium was normal. The hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine contents in skin and bone of FOP patients did not differ from controls, while ectopic ossifications showed a considerable increase in hydroxylysine in relation to normal bone. PMID- 705275 TI - Quantitative 99mTc pertechnetate scanning of the sacro-iliac joints. A follow-up study of patients with suspected sacro-iliitis. AB - Quantitative 99mTc pertechnetate sacro-iliac scanning (QTPS) was performed in 30 patients suspected of having sacro-iliac arthritis (SI). Abnormal scanning results but lack of definite radiographic changes were noted in all of them. Twenty-four of these patients were followed-up for an average of 3.4 years; roentgenological abnormalities were found in 23 patients, or 95%, namely definite SI in 13, slight abnormalities in 1 previously normal patient, inactive changes in 3, suspected SI was unchanged in the radiographs in 5 and regression of previously observed grad-I changes was found in 1. In only 1 patient was the radiological picture unchanged normal. No definite roentgenological SI developed in any of the 12 controls (patients with normal (QTPS) we followed in the same way. A close correlation was noted between the QTPS and the patients' complaints of low back pain/stiffness and the clinical findings, including the presence of HLA-B27. The present study confirms that, despite the absence of radiographic changes, QTPS allows identification of a group of clinical and laboratory features which together are sufficiently characteristic of SI to establish that diagnosis. QTPS also enables us to discover clinically silent SI. PMID- 705276 TI - Volitional problems in trying to quit smoking. PMID- 705277 TI - On binocular vision. Motion perception and pattern-reversal cortical responses to gratings of fixed spatial frequency. PMID- 705278 TI - Psychological tests specific to individual carbon disulfide exposure. PMID- 705279 TI - The need for early rehabilitation among Finnish municipal employees. AB - The aims of the project were to assess the quantity and quality of subjective need for rehabilitation among the employees of the City of Helsinki, and to make, through team evaluation, recommendations concerning rehabilitation measures that would improve individual situations. On the basis of questionnaire responses it was assessed that about 15% of the hourly-paid and 8% of the monthly-paid employees (10% of all the employees) need immediate medical, vocational or social measures. On the basis of the team evaluation, it was assessed that rehabilitation measures would be needed by 11-12% of the employees. The problems and methods of the study are discussed. PMID- 705280 TI - The average myoelectrical activity of skeletal muscles in healthy and paretic individuals in elementary movements of the limbs. AB - The method for evaluation of polyelectromyographic records is described. The method makes it possible to ascertain a deviation degree of myoelectric activity in sick persons with damaged central motoneuron and possibly their return to normal. A set of simple movements was polyelectromyographically examined in 30 healthy persons. These records were transformed into curves of mean value and the standard deviation was enumerated. These patterns were then compared with the pathologic records. The EMG potentials were recorded in the agonist and antagonist of the right and left upper or lower extremity in the motionless state (factor B by Tardieu), simple movement, simple movement against resistance and nociceptive irritation (Babinski phenomenon). The method can be put to good use in the evaluation of therapeutic methods, especially the therapeutic exercise in rehabilitation. PMID- 705281 TI - Application of electromyography in ergonomics: new vistas. AB - The application of electromyography in analysis of muscle strain in working situations is far from straight-forward. Muscle force, for instance, is not directly accessible using electromyography. New insight in electrophysiological phenomena of human muscle provides however a firm basis for analysis of localized muscle fatigue at work. Such applications entail information at the muscle fiber membrane level. PMID- 705282 TI - A control study of muscle force recovery in hemiparetic patients during treatment with functional electrical stimulation. AB - A group of forty-nine hemiparetic patients with limited emotional, communication and sensibility involvement and with recent lesion of cerebrovascular aetiology was randomly divided into two groups of twenty-four and twenty-five subjects. Both groups received traditional physiotherapy treatment for one hour/day, one group received twenty min/day of peroneal nerve stimulation. The maximum voluntary dorsal flexion moments of the ankle joint of the affected and non affected extremities were measured with an isometric brace twice a week for one month and for both groups. The recovery of moment in the stimulated group turned out to be about three times greater than in the control group and considerably less dependent upon age, time from lesion, initial value, side of lesion. Three patients using a peroneal brace at home as an assisting device were again evaluated two months later and a further improvement was observed. This work gives statistical support to previous observations based on very few cases and provides a statistically reliable answer concerning the entity of FES induced recovery of muscle force in hemiparetic subjects. PMID- 705283 TI - Feasibility and effect of physical training with maximum intensity in men after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to study the feasibility and effect of physical training with maximum intensity in a group of symptomfree male postinfarction patients (n = 15). The patients started training one month after discharge after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The training was carried out as interval training 2 X 60 min a week during 12 months. During each session there were 5-6 intervals of 6 min's duration, during which the patients exercised with maximum intensity. The results were compared to those of an untrained control group. The groups were randomly selected. Compared to the first exercise test in the third week after AMI the final work capacity of the trained patients was increased by 101%--to 1570 kpm/min (257 W), and that of the control patients by 25%--to 1042 kpm/min. (170 W). (P less than 0.01). The corresponding estimated maximal oxygen consumption was 32 and 48 ml/kg . min. respectively. The study demonstrates that training with maximum intensity is feasible in these patients and that the work capacity, which was obtained, was 30-40% higher than usually found after training of postinfarction patients, when submaximal training intensity has been employed. PMID- 705284 TI - Assistive communication systems for the anarthric and severe dysarthric patient: a rationale for their use and criteria for their selection. AB - A rationale for the use of nonvocal communication systems by anarthric and severe dysarthric patients is presented. Criteria for selecting nonvocal systems are discussed in relationship to: type of motor dysfunction, intellectual and cognitive capabilities, language abilities, emotional-motivational status and system variables. PMID- 705285 TI - Exposure to xylene and ethylbenzene. I. Uptake, distribution and elimination in man. AB - Industrial xylene is a mixture of xylene and ethylbenzene. Twelve male subjects were exposed to industrial xylene in inspired air, six subjects in series I to 870 mg/m3 at rest (30 min) and light exercise on a bicycle ergometer (90 min) and six subjects in series II to 435 mg/m3 at rest (30 min) and during exercise of increasing work loads (90 min). The measurements of xylene uptake were performed continuously with the Douglas bag technique. In both series, about 60% of the amount of xylene supplied to the lungs was taken up. In both series, the concentration in alveolar air was relatively low throughout the entire exposure. The relative concentration in alveolar air displayed a linear correlation to the percentage uptake in the lungs. The ratio between the concentration in arterial blood (mg/kg) and alveolar air (mg/l) amounted to 30--40 at the different work loads. The total amount of xylene expired after the exposure was estimated from the alveolar concentration and alveolar ventilation. In series I, with a total uptake of 1.4 g, the subjects expired about 70 mg, i.e., about 5%. The corresponding value in series II was 40 mg of a total uptake of 1.0 g, i.e., about 4%. PMID- 705286 TI - Exposure to xylene and ethylbenzene. II. Concentration in subcutaneous adipose tissue. PMID- 705287 TI - Exposure to xylene and ethylbenzene. III. Effects on central nervous functions. AB - The effect of exposure to the solvent xylene on performance of tests of numerical ability, reaction time (simple and choice), short-term memory, and critical flicker fusion was studied in two separate laboratory series. In the first series fifteen healthy male subjects were studied individually on three separate occasions with exposure to 435 and 1,300 mg/m3 xylene in inspired air and under control conditions. In a second series eight of the subjects were exposed to 1,300 mg/m3 xylene in inspired air. This exposure period began with 30 min of work on a bicycle ergometer (100 W) and continued during the behavioral tests. The procedure was the same under control conditions. Each exposure period lasted 70 min. At certain times during exposure, samples of the subjects alveolar air were collected. Exposure to xylene did not cause any noticeable change in performance during the first laboratory series, when the subjects' total uptake of xylene was estimated to be on an average 180 and 540 mg, respectively. In the second series the physical work induced an increase in the total uptake up to an average of 1,200 mg. In this series clear evidence of performance decrement was observed in three of the performance tests. PMID- 705288 TI - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the work atmosphere. I. Determination in an aluminum reduction plant. AB - The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a Soderberg prebaked aluminum reduction plant and an anode plant was studied. Both stationary and personal sampling were used, and the samples were analyzed by glass capillary gas chromatography. In many samples more than 30 PAH and heterocyclic compounds were identified. Comparison of the results from the different plants revealed that the atmospheric PAH content was significantly higher in the Soderberg plant than in the others. However, the relative distribution of PAH components (PAH profile) was relatively constant in the prebaked and the anode baking plant, and different in the Soderberg plant. As a consequence of the variation in the pollution level among the different job categories, personal sampling showed a broader range of PAH concentrations than the stationary method. PMID- 705289 TI - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the work atmosphere. II. Determination in a coke plant. AB - The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the work atmosphere of a coke plant was investigated on two occasions. Stationary, mobile, and personal sampling were used, and the samples were analyzed by glass capillary gas chromatography. Up to 39 PAH and heterocyclic compounds were indentified in the samples. By personal sampling, the occupational exposure to PAH was determined to vary between 5 and 1,000 mg/m3. A study of the occurrence of PAH on particulate matter revealed that 98% of the PAH was respirable. No significant variation in the relative distribution of the PAH components (PAH profile) was observed during the two sampling periods. The PAH profile for the coke plant was similar to that of a Soderberg aluminum plant, but different from that of a Soderberg paste plant. PMID- 705290 TI - Exposure to toluene in a photogravure printing plant. Concentration in ambient air and uptake in the body. PMID- 705291 TI - A decrease in the prevalence and severity of vibration-induced white fingers among lumberjacks in Finland. PMID- 705292 TI - [HL-A typing: A diagnostic tool?]. PMID- 705293 TI - [Starch peritonitis]. AB - Starch peritonitis is a rare postoperative complication of which 3 cases are here reported. The pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, symptoms, treatment and prevention of starch granulomatous peritonitis are discussed. PMID- 705294 TI - [Blood cholinesterase and hepatic function: a comparison with BSP and galactose elimination as well as serum albumin concentration]. AB - Although quantitative tests of some hepatic functions have been well established, the determination of serum cholinesterase activity continues to be commonly used in their stead. A critical comparison of the serum cholinesterase activity with these quantitative tests, however, is still lacking. Serum cholinesterase activity was therefore simultaneously compared with galactose elimination capacity (GEC), initial BSP-disappearance rate (BSP-ki), and serum albumin levels in 19 healthy control subjects and 46 patients with various chronic liver diseases. Serum cholinesterase activity was less discriminating between controls and patients than BSP-ki. It appears poorly suited, therefore, as a screening test for mild liver disease. Rank correlations between serum cholinesterase activity and GEC, BSP-ki, and serum albumin were statistically higher significant (r = 0.65, r = 0.74, and r = 0.80 respectively). On a statistical basis, serum cholinesterase activity may, therefore, be regarded as an index of the functional reserve of the liver. Evaluation of individual cases, however, revealed some clinically relevant discrepancies. It is concluded, therefore, that for accurate follow-up studies measurements of serum cholinesterase activity may be insufficient substitutes for the quantitative tests. PMID- 705295 TI - [Surgical therapy of axial hiatal hernias and reflux disease. 1. Results of an inquiry among Swiss surgeons in 1977]. AB - Of the 153 heads of surgical departments in Switzerland, 152 joined in an inquiry into diagnostic procedures, surgical indications, and types of procedure in the treatment of axial hiatal hernia and reflux disease. Fundoplication is by far the most frequent procedure. Of the modifications performed in complicated reflux disease, 34% are controversial. Surgery for hiatal hernia and reflux disease is performed 3 times less frequently in the German part of Switzerland than in the other parts. German-speaking surgeons ascribe to themselves a greater willingness to perform preoperative diagnostic procedures--endoscopy, radiological and non radiological tests of esophageal function--than the surgeons of the other parts of Switzerland. However, the German-speaking surgeons are more reluctant than the other surgeons to perform surgery in patients with esophagitis. The German speaking surgeons are even more reluctant to perform surgery on the basis of subjective symptoms. Axial hiatal hernia is considered a relative indication for surgery by half of Swiss surgeons. Only a few surgeons consider this condition an absolute indication for surgery. PMID- 705296 TI - [Stercoraceous perforations of the colon. 2 unusual presentations]. AB - Two cases of stercoraceous perforation of the colon are described in a psychiatric patient and a hemodialysis patient. The unusual symptomatology was acute respiratory failure with hypovolemic shock in one case and acute rectal bleeding in the other. The etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment are discussed. PMID- 705297 TI - [Stenosing upper respiratory tract infections in children]. PMID- 705298 TI - [Clinical evaluation of ciclobendazole (C-C 2481) in the treatment of colonic helminth diseases]. AB - A total of 105 patients with mild helminthiases have been treated with ciclobendazole, a benzimidazole derivative related to mebendazole. The treatment lasted 3 days. A group of 74 patients received 200 mg/day ciclobendazole while another 31 patients were given double this dose. The excretion rates achieved were very high at 84.2 and 83.3% respectively in trichuriasis and 93.3 and 100% respectively in ascariasis. In a relatively small number of cases of ankylostomiasis, the values were, however, considerable lower (38.5 and 20.0% respectively). Since ciclobendazole is well tolerated, there is a need for studies with higher dosages and possibly also long-term studies. PMID- 705299 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]. AB - In Switzerland, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia occurs in subjects who have stayed in endemic areas of lymphatic filariasis (mainly India and South East Asia) and in adopted children from these countries. Clinically, the disease manifests itself as asthmatic bronchitis or pneumonia. Blood eosinophilia is regularly present and chest X-ray shows various types of infiltrate. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is distinguished from Loeffler's syndrome by (a) the severe and protracted course, (b) measurable antibodies against filarial antigens, and (c) the therapeutic response to diethylcarbamazine. The pathogenesis of both syndromes may be explicable by the fact that soluble parasitic allergens bind to cellules of the respiratory tract and induce hypersensitivity reactions under the influence of reagins. Both syndromes must be differentiated from parasitoses of the lung tissue, from side effects of drugs, and from allergic, non-parasitic bronchial asthma. The clinical aspects of both syndromes are illustrated by three cases. PMID- 705300 TI - [Treatment of iatrogenic transvenous foreign body embolism]. AB - Embolization of central venous devices, such as infusion catheters, ventriculo atrial drains for hydrocephalus or intracardial pacemaker leads, may cause fatal secondary complications. Removal of the embolized foreign bodies is therefore mandatory in the majority of cases. 26 in a series of 27 patients underwent removal procedures which have been successful in 24. The specific approach is described in the different subgroups of embolized foreign bodies. Removal has been achieved transvenously through the internal jugular vein in most instances of embolization of infusion or pressure catheters, using forceps or ureteric stone catheters. Thoracotomy was necessary in 8 patients, twice with with cardio pulmonary bypass. There were no complications due to interventions for catheter extraction. This experience justifies an active approach to treatment once the diagnosis is established. PMID- 705301 TI - [Risk of disease in 10,500 travelers to tropical countries and 1,300 tourists to North America]. AB - A survey on rate of illness among 10 500 tourists returning from the tropics and a control group of 1300 from the United States and Canada was performed by a questionnaire completed during the flight back to Switzerland. Only 25% from southern destinations, but 53% from North America, were never incapacitated during their travels. The vast majority of the illnesses were of no consequence, as was reflected by a low rate for bed confinement of 4% and 1% respectively. The most frequent symptoms in the tropics were diarrhea in 34% (mostly of short duration and mild degree), constipation in 14%, upper respiratory illness in 12% and insomnia in 11%. There were significant differences according to sex, age and tropical experience. The influence on pre-existing diseases was assessed. 7% of the tourists returning from the tropics were sick in the course of the year following the journey. PMID- 705302 TI - [Predictive value of the carotid murmur concerning vascular death]. PMID- 705303 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by mefenamic acid]. AB - A case of autoimmunohemolytic anemia following mefenamic acid therapy is described. A free anti-erythrocytic antibody of the IgG class was found in the serum of the patient. The same antibody was also found in the eluate of the patient's red cells. No blood group specificity could be demonstrated. Direct participation of the drug in the antibody red cell reaction could be ruled out by "facilitation" and "inhibition" tests. PMID- 705304 TI - [Diuretics and loss of potassium]. PMID- 705305 TI - [The exhaled hydrogen test: its value in the quantitative diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption]. AB - A study has been conducted to determine the accuracy of breath-H2 measurements for quantitating the malabsorption of small amounts of carbohydrate. H2 pulmonary excretion was measured after an overnight fast at 30-min intervals for 4 h in 7 healthy subjects after ingestion of 4 doses of lactulose (2.5,5,10 and 50 g). In 3 subjects the test was repeated without lactulose. The volume of H2 excreted was directly proportional to the amount of ingested lactulose: mean cumulative H2 excretion over a 2-h period after 5, 10 and 50 g was 2.9, 6.6 and 37.6 ml H2 respectively; H2 response after the 2.5-g dose was not perceptible. Individual H2 excretion before lactulose ingestion was highly variable: 0.096 +/- 0.075 mlH2 (mean +/- 1 SD); the individual base line rate over a fasting period showed marked fluctuations. It is concluded that the inter- and intraindividual variations of H2 excretion limit the accuracy of the H2 breath test for quantitating malabsorption of small amounts of carbohydrate. PMID- 705306 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and bone necrosis associated with a prostatic microcarcinoma]. AB - Presentation of a case of disseminated intravascular coagulation with micro angiopathic hemolytic anemia, associated with a micro-carcinoma of the prostate. In the absence of other etiology it is postulated that the carcinoma was responsible for the hematological disturbance in spite of its small size andlack of either metastases or mucin secretion. The unusual discovery in this disease of bony necroses of the vertebrae, which are attributed to ischemia following micro thromboses, is also discussed. PMID- 705307 TI - [Pathological and embryological studies on abortion cases related to the Seveso accident]. AB - After the explosion accident on July 10, 1976 in Seveso (Italy), material from 30 interrupted pregnancies and from 4 spontaneous abortions was investigated by embryological and histomorphological studies. No indications of mutagenic, teratogenic or fetotoxic effects of TCDD could be found. The cases of spontaneous abortion, albeit more suspect for dioxin damage, showed different morphological alterations obviously due to a variety of causative factors independent of TCDD. On the other hand it is not possible to exclude entirely an embryotoxic effect of TCDD because in the majority of cases the fetal tissues were incomplete. PMID- 705308 TI - [The oto-vertebral syndrome]. AB - The oto-vertebral syndrome is a rare combination of malformations of the ears, spinal anomalies, and congenital heart disease. The syndrome appears to be caused by early embryonic exogenous damage during the 6th or 7th week of embryonic development. The case is reported of a 28-year-old man with bilateral aplasia of the external ear, bilateral aplasia of the ear canal, hypoplasia of the mandibula, severe thoracic scoliosis, and ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension. He was admitted with dyspnea on exertion, syncope, and severe cyanosis. Cardiac catheterization revealed severe pulmonary hypertension with moderate right-to-left and slightly left-to-right shunt (Eisenmenger syndrome). Right and left ventricular function, as evaluated by angiocardiography, was slightly reduced. Because of the severe hemodynamic alterations, symptomatic therapy with digitalis, repeated venesection, and anticoagulation was initiated. PMID- 705309 TI - [Legionnaire's disease in Switzerland]. AB - The sera from 2453 patients suffering from pneumonia were investigated for antibodies against the agent causing "Legionnaires' disease". A complement-fixing antigen developed in this institute was used for the screening of these sera, and the positive results were confirmed with the IF-test developed by CDC Atlanta. Antibodies were found in 23 Swiss patients. The clinical details from one of these patients are presented. PMID- 705310 TI - [Lesions of the kidney and the efferent urinary tract due to cantharidine]. AB - 5 cases of cantharidin intoxication are reported. 4 patients had used cantharidin as an aphrodisiac and one to induce abortion. All presented with urinary tract symptoms. Four patients had gross hematuria. In one case non-oliguric renal failure occurred, with increase of plasma creatinine to 5.6 mg/100 ml. renal biopsy was performed in 2 cases. On light and electron microscopy glomerula showed only minimal changes such as podocyte swelling. The tubuli were markedly altered, with luminal enlargement, intraluminal cell debris, flattening and shrinking of the epithelial cells and distortion of brush borders. Whereas all 5 patients recovered completely, some deaths due to cantharidin poisoning have been reported in the literature. Since cantharidin is markedly toxic, its use in humans should be strongly discouraged. PMID- 705311 TI - Prognostic and therapeutic considerations in ischemic heart disease. AB - Coronary arteriography and coronary artery bypass surgery have provided a tremendous stimulus to learn more about the natural history of ischemic heart disease. It has become apparent that the most important approach to understanding prognosis involves placing patients into subsets. Clinical presentation is an entry into subsets but is an inadequate way to assess the problem. Anatomical information in the form of coronary arteriographic abnormalities and left ventricular functional abnormalities are powerful prognostic determinants. It remains important to consider matters such as increased blood pressure, cardiomegaly, and perhaps other factors such as cigarette smoking as additive to any anatomical information which can be obtained for any given subset. Premature ventricular contractions, particularly of the complicated type, may be a very powerful and important additive prognostic consideration in all patients with ischemic heart disease but especially those prone to sudden cardiac death. Coronary bypass, surgery now widely practiced in Western Europe and the United States, is an established, integral part of therapy for certain subsets of patients. It clearly cannot resolve the total issue of therapy and must be utilized selectively and critically along with other intensive medical measures to hope to control risk factors and progression of the coronary arteriosclerotic process. PMID- 705312 TI - [The rate of return in medicine]. PMID- 705313 TI - [Comparative studies on lung and serum trypsin inhibitors in horses and cattle]. PMID- 705314 TI - [Leukosis with viral presence proven by means of an electron microscope in 2 boa constrictors]. PMID- 705315 TI - [Parenteral administration of iron dextran to young goats]. PMID- 705316 TI - [Life expectancy and sports]. PMID- 705317 TI - [Therapy of hypertensive circulatory diseases or hypertension with a structured training program]. PMID- 705318 TI - [Functional bandages or taping in sport practice]. PMID- 705319 TI - [Ointment therapy in athletic injuries]. PMID- 705320 TI - The evolution of the earliest cells. PMID- 705321 TI - The evolution of multicellular plants and animals. PMID- 705322 TI - The evolution of behavior. PMID- 705323 TI - Adaptation. PMID- 705324 TI - The mechanisms of evolution. PMID- 705325 TI - Chemical evolution and the origin of life. PMID- 705326 TI - Pattern formation in biological development. PMID- 705327 TI - Brain function and blood flow. PMID- 705328 TI - Dental lead levels in Bombay inhabitants. AB - Lead content in teeth of Bombay inhabitants has been measured. The lead concentration in teeth ranged from 4.27--82.5 microgram/g of whole tooth with a geometrical mean concentration of 15.5 microgram/g of tooth. There is no significant difference between the lead content in the teeth of males and females. The mean lead value is compared with those from other countries. PMID- 705330 TI - EEG-responses caused by environmental noise during sleep their relationships to exogenic and endogenic influences. AB - At a certain level of intensity acoustical stimuli occurring during the night lead to sleep disorders. Whereas presumed after-effects (decrease of performance, functional and organic diseases) can as yet not be related to noise, it is evident that the primary effects which can be recorded immediately after stimulus onset are caused by noise. Because of the small number of experimental trials carried out in different investigations, the results of each single paper can only be tentative. Therefore--concerning awakening reactions and less than a change of at least one sleep stage--the data from publications of comparable method and evaluation have been summarised. With these data all calculations have been repeated. The results and influence of several exogenic and endogenic factos are demonstrated. Becuase of the different methods used only 10 out of 60 publications have been used. In spite of this restriction of data, at least as far as trends are concerned, they appear to be consistent; numerical results should at this stage only be regarded as tentative. PMID- 705329 TI - Cadmium toxicity studies under long term-low level exposure (LLE) conditions. I. Metabolic patterns in rats exposed to present environmental dietary levels of Cd for two years. AB - A long term-low level exposure (LLE) experiment was conducted on rats to determine the metabolic patterns for realistic environmental dietary levels of cadmium. Male rats fed with 61 ppb of cadmium ad libitum, 50 labelled with 109 Cd radiotracer as cadmium chloride via drinking mineral water and 11 unlabelled via food for 2 years. The diet was characterized in its metal content by neutron activation analysis to obtain the total dietary intake of different elements. The kidney was found to be the tissue with the major concentration of cadmium which accumulated continuously during the experiment. The variation of the accumulation pattern of Cd concentration in the liver and intestine indicated an itiial rapid increase of Cd during the first 100 days. After this period an apparent equilibrium was attained in both these tissues until the end of the study. The intracellular distribution of cadmium in kidneys, liver, intestine and pancreas were similar, the cytosol fractions containing about 80% of the cellular cadmium. Dialysis experiments indicated that significant amounts of cadmium were able to be associated with cellular organelles, the mitochondria representing the most important organelle capable of binding cadmium. The cytoplasmatic Cd-profiles obtained at various stages of the experiment showed that the metal was only bound to a low-molecular-weight component, cadmium-binding protein (CdBP), which represents the specific cellular-binding component for cadmium under the long term-low level exposure (LLE) conditions. No significant variations in the concentrations of the elements in different organs were observed in animals supplemented with 109Cd untreated controls. PMID- 705331 TI - Instrumentation funding. PMID- 705332 TI - How valuable are scientific exchanges with the Soviet Union? PMID- 705333 TI - Antibodies (II): another look at the diversity problem. PMID- 705334 TI - Behavioral competition: a mechanism for schedule interactions. AB - Rats pressing a lever for food reinforcement showed large positive-contrast effects when provided with the opportunity for a competing wheel-running response. Positive and negative behavioral contrast may reflect reallocation of competing interim and terminal responses between schedule components following changes in the reinforcement conditions in one component. PMID- 705335 TI - Emotions are expressed more intensely on the left side of the face. AB - Pictures of human faces posing six distinct emotions (plus a neutral expression) and their mirror reversals were split down the midlines, and left-side and right side composites were constructed. Subjects judged left-side composites as expressing emotions more intensely than right-side composites. The finding indicates hemispheric asymmetry in the control over emotional expression in the face. PMID- 705336 TI - Prenatal exposure to prednisone in humans and animals retards intrauterine growth. AB - Prednisone treatment for infertility and subsequent pregnancy maintenance in humans resulted in a significant decrease in the birth weight of full-term infants and a marked increase in the percentage of newborn infants weighing 2500 grams or less, that is, "light for dates" in comparison to control offspring. A parallel experiment with mice indicated that the reduction of birth weight was caused by exposure to corticosteroids rather than to maternal disease or malfunction. PMID- 705337 TI - Hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis: egg granulomas secrete fibroblast stimulating factor in vitro. AB - Cytosol extracts and culture supernatants of isolated egg granulomas obtained from livers of mice with Schistosoma mansoni infection stimulated fibroblasts to incorporate tritiated thymidine and to proliferate in vitro. This finding suggests that hepatic granulomas may play a role in regulating hepatic fibrosis in Schistosoma mansoni infections. PMID- 705338 TI - Changing postdoctoral career patterns for biomedical scientists. AB - Between 1973 and 1977 the total number of Ph.D.'s holding postdoctoral appointments in the biomedical sciences increased at a rate of more than 550 individuals (12.5 percent) per year. During this same period the total number of doctorates awarded each year in these disciplines showed very little change. The postdoctoral growth can be attributed to substantial increases in both the numbers of recent graduates taking postdoctorals and the length of stay on these appointments. The lack of alternative employment opportunities has contributed heavily to the postdoctoral buildup. Continued growth is likely to have important consequences for biomedical research and research training. PMID- 705339 TI - Laboratory chemicals may come under costly OSHA restrictions. PMID- 705340 TI - Army still plugging for FDA approval of irradiated meat. PMID- 705341 TI - Atmospheric reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: facile formation of mutagenic nitro derivatives. AB - Directly active mutagens are formed on exposure of the promutagen benzo[a]pyrene to gaseous pollutants in smog. In simulated atmospheres containing 1 part per million nitrogen dioxide and traces of nitric acid, directly mutagenic nitro derivatives are readily formed from both benzo[a]pyrene and perylene, a non mutagen in the Ames reversion assay. Possible formation of direct mutagens by such reactions on sample collection filters, in exhaust effluents, and in the atmosphere should be recognized. PMID- 705342 TI - Chimpanzee problem-solving: a test for comprehension. AB - An adult chimpanzee was shown videotaped scenes of a human actor struggling with one of eight problems and was then shown two photographs, one of which depicted an action or an object (or both) that could constitute a solution to the problem. On seven of the eight problems, the animal consistently chose the correct photograph. This test problem-solving comprehension permits the animal's knowledge about problem-solving--its ability to infer the nature of problems and to recognize potential solutions to them--to be examined. PMID- 705343 TI - Taste responses in sheep medulla: changes during development. AB - Response characteristics of taste neurons in the sheep solitary tract and nuclei alter during development. Solitary tract cells in younger fetuses respond to stimulation of the tongue with fewer salts and acids than do cells in older fetuses, lambs, and adults. Further, responses to specific salts and acids develop in a particular sequence, not randomly. These changes may relate to maturation of taste receptor sites. PMID- 705344 TI - Aphagia and adipsia after preferential destruction of nerve cell bodies in hypothalamus. AB - Microinjections of the excitatory neurotoxin kainic acid into the lateral hypothalamus of rats produced a period aphagia and adipsia. Kainate-treated rats displayed transient motor effects during the first hours after the injection but did not show the persisting sensory-motor and arousal disturbances typically observed in animals with electrolytic lesions in this part of the hypothalamus. Histological examination revealed a significant reduction in the number of nerve cell bodies in the lateral hypothalamus. Silver-stained material indicated no evidence of damage to fiber systems passing through the affected region. Assays of dopamine in hypothalamus, striatum, and telencephalon did not indicate significant differences between experimental and control animals. These results are in agreement with recent reports of the anatomical and biochemical effects of intracerebral kainic acid injections and suggest that the observed effect on feeding behavior is related to the destruction of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 705345 TI - Ethics and the use of drugs during pregnancy. PMID- 705346 TI - EPA and toxic substances law: dealing with uncertainty. PMID- 705347 TI - Industry council challenges HEW on cancer in the workplace. PMID- 705348 TI - Regulators defend their turf. PMID- 705349 TI - Origin of the retina from both sides of the embryonic brain: a contribution to the problem of crossing at the optic chiasma. AB - Cells originating from one of the first two blastomeres of the frog embryo were labeled either by injecting them with horseradish peroxidase or by changing the ploidy of one blastomere. Both methods show the labeled cells confined to the same side of the brain as the labeled blastomere except for cells that have moved from the opposite side into the ventral diencephalon and ventral part of the retina. Reciprocal movement of cells from each side of the prospective forebrain into the prospective retina on the opposite side starts before the neural tube closes and results in the formation of an incipient optic chiasma which may provide the pathway for optic axons to grow from the retina to the opposite side of the brain. PMID- 705350 TI - Echo detection and target-ranging neurons in the auditory system of the bat Eptesicus fuscus. AB - Some of the neurons in the nucleus intercollicularis and auditory cortex of the echolocating bat Eptesicus fuscus respond selectively to sonar echoes occurring with specific echo delays or pulse-echo intervals. They do not respond for a wide range of other types of sounds or for sonar echoes at longer or shorter pulse echo intervals; they may, therefore, be specialized for detection and ranging of sonar targets. PMID- 705351 TI - Alterations of hemostasis associated with malignancy: etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. AB - As outlined in this paper, the patient with disseminated malignancy suffers many alterations of hemostasis; in addition, hemorrhage or less commonly thrombosis is the final clinical event in many of these patients. Patients with malignancy present a major clinical challenge in this day of new oncological awareness and more aggressive care. Thus, it is important to realize that these alterations of hemostasis do exist and they must be approached in a logical manner with respect to diagnosis as well as efficacious therapy. By far the most common alteration of hemostasis in malignancy is that of hemorrhage associated with thrombocytopenia either drug-induced or from bone marrow invasion. However, hemorrhage due to disseminated intravascular coagulation is also quite common. In addition, many antineoplastic drugs, as well as radiotherapy, may lead to hemorrhage in these patients. Thrombosis, which is also commonly seen in the patient with malignancy, is usually a manifestation of disseminated intravascular coagulation manifest as an intravascular thrombotic rather than an intravascular proteolytic event. When suspecting this, confirmatory laboratory evidence must be sought and the patient treated apropriately. When approaching the patient with malignancy and either hemorrhage or thrombosis, all of the potential defects in hemostasis must be taken into account, defined from the laboratory standpoint, and treated in as precise a manner as possible. PMID- 705352 TI - Two linear rules relate the latencies of visual responses to their critical durations. AB - The latency of a neural response sets a limit on its critical duration since stimulation delivered after a response has already occurred can no longer affect that response. However, this tautologic upper limit does not uniquely define the critical duration. Intracellular recordings from the lateral eye of Limulus yield two linear rules which empirically relate the critical duration of a neural response to its latency: When response magnitude (peak amplitude, spike frequency) is used to construct the temporal summation function, the critical duration is equal to the latency minus a constant. When response latency is used instead, the critical duration of the response latency is equal to the latency divided by a constant. PMID- 705353 TI - Changing response measures alters temporal summation in the receptor and spike potentials of the Limulus lateral eye. AB - Temporal summation and reciprocity were studied in the retinula and eccentric cells of the excised Limulus lateral eye as a function of variation in response measure: Using the latency instead of the peak of the receptor potential as a response measure produced considerably shorter critical durations. Using the area under the receptor potential as a response measure produced no critical duration up to a stimulus duration of 640 msec; instead, supersummation occurred at long durations. Similar effects were observed in the optic nerve spikes, where the response measures were first spike latency and maximum spike number sampled in time windows that ranged from 40 to 640 msec. The critical durations clearly depended on the response measure used and, when a 640-msec window was used, no critical duration occurred; supersummation again occurred. Increasing the sampling period within which maximum spike number was measured increased the critical duration and changed the formal properties from those characteristic of the receptor potential's peak to those characteristic of the receptor potential's area. The implications of the more central portions of the nervous system using different summation times for different perceptual tasks are discussed; it is suggested that the choice of response measures is crucial in studies of temporal summation. PMID- 705354 TI - Audio-ocular response characteristics. AB - The characteristics of eye movements elicited by auditory stimuli, the audio ocular response (AOR), differ from those made in response to visual stimuli. Their latencies are longer, their accuracies slightly worse, and their velocities slower. In addition, AOR latencies decreased with increasing stimulus eccentricity; this is opposite to the latency variation of visually evoked saccades. PMID- 705355 TI - A critical examination of the use of signal detection theory in evaluating a putative analgesic--transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. AB - Experiments using normal human subjects were performed to determine the effect of a putative analgesic, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), on the perception of noxious thermal stimuli and also to examine critically the general applicability of signal detection theory (SDT) to the evaluation of analgesic agents. In order to provide a control for factors related to suggestion, subjects were assigned to groups in which real or sham TENS was administered. It was shown that previously suggested criteria for demonstrating actual analgesia using SDT should be reevaluated. First, discriminability changed in one of the sham groups, suggesting that discriminability can be affected by changes in mental state which may occur during the evaluation of an analgesic. Secondly, criteria changed without accompanying changes in discriminability; this was interpreted as reflecting actual analgesia, rather than only changes in response bias, produced by TENS. PMID- 705356 TI - Directional hearing under progressive impoverishment of binaural cues. AB - Auditory stimuli--bursts of broadband, 4.0-kHz high-pass and 1.0-kHz low-pass noise--generated by loudspeakers arrayed in the horizontal plane were picked up by miniature microphones placed in the external ear canals and recorded on tape. When these recorded sounds were presented through headphones, listeners were able to identify the various loudspeakers that originally generated the sounds about as accurately as they could when the sounds were presented free-field. When the recorded sounds were processed so that either one or more of the interaural difference cues were removed directly or their removal was approximated, performance proficiency depended upon the frequency composition of the stimulus. It appeared that accuracy in identifying the loudspeaker that originally generated the broadband and 1.0-kHz low-pass noises could be maintained by the presence of interaural temporal differences. Accuracy on the task for the 4.0-kHz high-pass noise depended in large part on the presence of interaural intensity differences. No one performed proficiently when only interaural spectral differences were available. PMID- 705358 TI - Stress, health, and political participation. PMID- 705357 TI - Temporal summation in the receptor potential of the Limulus lateral eye: comparison between retinula and eccentric cells. AB - Temporal summation and reciprocity (Bloch's law) were studied in the receptor potential recorded from the retinula and eccentric cells of the excised Limulus lateral eye. Taking the peak of the receptor potential as the response measure yielded critical durations that ranged between 65 and 170 msec, depending on the cell type and the criterion level of response. At high but not at low response levels, the critical duration is significantly longer in eccentric cells than in retinula cells. Deviations from Bloch's law were found; these deviations were largest at intermediate response levels. PMID- 705359 TI - Decomposition of the change in the total fertility rate in the Republic of Korea, 1966-1970. PMID- 705360 TI - Relative contribution of male and female age to the frequency of marital intercourse. PMID- 705361 TI - Reversible sterilization: socio-ethical considerations. PMID- 705362 TI - Incidence of 47,XYY males: implications of the production of 47,XYY offspring by 47,XYY males. PMID- 705364 TI - Socio-economic theory and practice in health care delivery. PMID- 705363 TI - Age at menarche, socio-sexual behavior, and fertility. PMID- 705365 TI - India's feeding programmes and their relevance. PMID- 705366 TI - Health technology and primary health care. PMID- 705367 TI - Characteristics of Catholic, Jewish and Protestant hospitals. PMID- 705369 TI - Toward an outcome-oriented medical geography: an evaluation of the Illinois trauma/emergency medical services system. PMID- 705368 TI - Patterns of hospital based ambulatory care. PMID- 705370 TI - Target populations and physician populations: the effects of density and change. PMID- 705372 TI - A model for combining human behavior and disease ecology to assess disease hazard in a community: rural Ethiopia as a model. PMID- 705371 TI - Vector analysis of changes in medical care utilization in two rural communities. PMID- 705373 TI - Health conditions and town growth in colonial and antebellum South Carolina. PMID- 705374 TI - Distribution of Crohn's disease in Cardiff. PMID- 705375 TI - Community health and changing hazards in a voluntary agricultural resettlement. PMID- 705376 TI - Sex and gender in health and medicine. PMID- 705377 TI - [Programs of psychiatric assistance in developing countries]. PMID- 705378 TI - The attitudes of casualty staff and ambulance personnel towards patients who take drug overdoses. PMID- 705379 TI - Babies as social products: the social determinants of classification. PMID- 705380 TI - Child immunization--what are the impediments for reaching desired goals in a transitional society? PMID- 705382 TI - Compliance, adherence and the therapeutic alliance: steps in the development of self-care. PMID- 705381 TI - The uses of expertise in doctor-patient encounters during pregnancy. PMID- 705383 TI - An investigation of socio-demographic factors surrounding childhood drowning accidents. PMID- 705384 TI - The social ecology of obstetrical competence. PMID- 705385 TI - Personality and the use of oral contraceptives in British university students. PMID- 705386 TI - The informative process in private medical consultations: a preliminary investigation. PMID- 705387 TI - Attitudes and attitude differences to female genital mutilation in the Sudan: is there a change on the horizon? PMID- 705388 TI - Study of women seeking abortion. PMID- 705389 TI - [The amount of potassium and calcium in the vitreous body in relation to the time of death]. PMID- 705390 TI - [Participation of forensic medicine on the interdisciplinary solution of the subjective side in forensic problems]. PMID- 705391 TI - [Immunoglobulins in sudden and violent death]. PMID- 705392 TI - [Demonstration of group adherence in keratin products of the epidermis (hair, nails) using magnesium chloride]. AB - The authors describe their own method of proving group properties from hair and nails by means of mixed aglutination using magnesium chloride. This method--as far as is known from literature --does not seem to have been used yet. PMID- 705394 TI - [Cardiomyopathy as a cause of sudden and unexpected death]. AB - Sudden and unexpected death was described in a 30-year-old and a 19-year-old women and a 14-year-old boy. The cause of the death was hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 705393 TI - [Analysis of the causes of fatal burns]. AB - In 500 casualties who died from thermal injuries comprising 314 men and 186 women, all above 15 years of age, the causes of the injuries were analyzed. In 266 the injuries were contracted at home, 140 were industrial injuries and 94 other injuries (transport, criminal, agriculture). The authors discuss the causes of injuries and their frequency. Finally they draw attention to the adverse development of non-occupational injuries in the home. PMID- 705395 TI - Fewer doctors smoke. PMID- 705396 TI - Drug-vitamin interrelationships. PMID- 705397 TI - Mothers are still mortal. AB - The origin, background, and mechanism of operation of the Maternal Mortality Study Committee in Wisconsin is outlined. Its value as a teaching vehicle is emphasized. Trends in maternal mortality in Wisconsin and the continued decline are presented, with 45 per 100,000 live births in 1953 to 9.2 per 100,000 live births in 1975. An appeal for standardization of terms and definitions and a continuation of these studies in each state is made. Study committees in many states are inactive. It is suggested that chairmen of maternal mortality committees in many states are inactive. It is suggested that chairmen of maternal mortality committees and representatives meet in geographic areas comparable to Districts of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to compare trends and statistics. Hemorrhage, once considered the important cause, has decreased from 56.4% of maternal loss to a low of 12.1% in 1975. Presently, a category listed as "other causes"--that is, other than hemorrhage, sepsis, and toxemia--account for approximately 60% of deaths. This group includes anesthesia, emboli and coincidental disease involving kidneys, heart, malignancy, and diabetes. An appeal is made to continue these studies. PMID- 705398 TI - Assessing psychologic symptoms in adolescents. AB - Assessing the meaning of psychologic symptoms in adolescents can be a difficult task. Pediatricians, internists, and family practitioners are often the first professionals consulted by families worried that their teen-agers may be in psychologic distress. The practitioner is faced with the difficult decision of meeting the adolescent's need himself or referring the patient to an adolescent psychiatrist for further evaluation and possible treatment. In making this decision the practitioner must carry out a complex assessment task which requires the simultaneous evaluation of multiple clinical variables. This paper presents a conceptual scheme for evaluating the psychologic status of an adolescent patient. PMID- 705399 TI - Carcinoid tumor in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - A carcinoid tumor was discovered by chance in a 25-year-old woman with the dominant type of retinitis pigmentosa. Although a coincidental association cannot be ruled out, there is at least a possibility that the two diseases have a common embryologic origin. PMID- 705400 TI - Emergency operations for Crohn's disease. AB - Seventeen patients with Crohn's disease requiring emergency operative procedures disclosed important factors leading to successful outcome. In seven of the ten patients not known to have Crohn's disease, the history strongly suggested this diagnosis. Two patients died; three others had major complications, including two anastomotic leaks and two postoperative intraperitoneal abscesses. Wide drainage of abscesses, preservation of intestinal absorptive surface, avoidance of anastomoses in the presence of acute infection, and vigorous supportive nutrition are important features of the management of patients requiring emergency operation for complications of regional enteritis. PMID- 705401 TI - Bacteriologic examination of autologous blood. PMID- 705402 TI - Serum parathormone in the identification and surgical management of hyperparathyroidism. AB - A prospective series of 200 patients with persistent hypercalcemia had an abbreviated diagnostic work-up consisting of parathormone radioimmunoassay, chest roentgenogram, intravenous pyelography, and serum protein electrophoresis. All patients with hypercalcemia and hyperparathormonism had neck exploration if roentgenograms failed to reveal evidence of ectopic hyperparathyroidism. Serum iPTH proved to be at least 96% accurate in predicting parathyroid disease while at the same time resulting in considerable diagnostic economy. An elevated iPTH was particularly helpful in distinguishing between hypercalcemia due to destruction of bone by malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism with a coexisting malignancy. Further, measurement of parathormone was useful in evaluation of postoperative hypercalcemia. PMID- 705403 TI - Improved treatment via home monitoring refractory vertigo. AB - The ubiquity of dizziness in clinical practice and the complexity of diagnosis and treatment has necessitated the development of a home monitoring procedure which assists the patient in collecting information concerning the course of his condition and his condition and his response to therapy. A case report of a patient with refractory, long-term, posttraumatic vertigo is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of this procedure. It was found that (1) the patient was able to monitor his progress continuously for 118 days; (2) the information generated appeared to be valid; and (3) this information was integrally associated with a functional improvement in the patient's condition. PMID- 705404 TI - Angioid streaks in pituitary tumor. AB - The diagnosis of angioid streaks on fundus examination allows the examiner to focus on a limited number of commonly associated conditions, such as pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Paget's disease, and sickle cell disease. There have been sporadic reports of pituitary tumors associated with angioid streaks. This is the first case report of pituitary tumor associated with angioid streaks. This is the first case report of pituitary tumor associated with angioid streaks documented by fluorescein angiography, EMI scan, and histopathologic diagnosis of the tumor, and also in which pseudoxanthoma elasticum was ruled out, both clinically and by a negative skin biopsy. PMID- 705405 TI - "Cholera solution" in short bowel syndrome. AB - An oral glucose and electrolyte solution (glucose 120 mmole/liter, Na 100 mEq/liter K 10 mEq/liter, Cl 70 mEq/liter, HCO3 40mEq/liter) was used successfully in a patient with the short bowel syndrome. We believe this solution reversed fluid and electrolyte losses and was responsible for her clinical improvement. PMID- 705407 TI - Circulating anticoagulant associated with chronic active hepatitis. AB - Chronic active hepatitis is frequently associated with a variety of serologic abnormalities. A patient with chronic active hepatitis and a circulating anticoagulant to factors XI and XII is described. Circulating anticoagulants should be suspected in patients with chronic active hepatitis and a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. This risk of liver biopsy in these patients is unknown, but this possible hazard should be considered in all patients with chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 705406 TI - Malignant melanoma metastatic to the gastrointestinal tract from an occult primary tumor. AB - We have described two cases of malignant melanoma of the small bowel which metastasized from occult primaries. Malignant melanoma in the bowel is more common than one might think, being third only to adenocarcinoma of the kidneys and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. It appears at this time that palliative resection, along with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, is the procedure of choice in patients with this condition. PMID- 705408 TI - Gram-negative endocarditis caused by Campylobacter fetus. AB - Campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of endocarditis that is difficult to diagnose because of the fastidiousness of the organism. The source of infection is unknown and it may involve a normal or previously damaged aortic valve. The onset is insidious, and if there is a prior history of recent onset of fever, thrombophlebitis, and diarrhea, infection caused by this organism should be considered. Echocardiography may be useful. The organism is sensitive to a variety of antibiotics, including the combination of penicillin and streptomycin. The prognosis and survival are good. PMID- 705409 TI - Pneumococcal pyarthrosis with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 705410 TI - Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin levels in Thai children. AB - Determination of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin levels by an indirect haemagglutination method were conducted in 101 nonimmunized schoolchildren, 155 pediatric patients and 102 blood donors. Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin levels were found mostly adequate among immunized children. Diphtheria antitoxin levels were found adequate in 68.3% of the non-immunized schoolchildren. Tetanus antitoxin levels were found inadequate for protection in the non-immunized children and adults. Immunization of children and adults with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid are highly recommended. PMID- 705412 TI - The sex distribution of alpha and gamma races of Lithoglyphopsis aperta Temcharoen in natural habitats of the Mekong River. PMID- 705411 TI - Current attitudes of the society towards leprosy and the changing role of the National Leprosy Control Centre, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia. PMID- 705413 TI - Dengue with haemorrhage and shock in Jakarta, Indonesia. AB - Pediatric patients with fever and haemorrhage were studied in Jakarta, Indonesia between May 1973 and January 1974. Eighty-one of 104 demonstrated unequivocable evidence of dengue with clinical findings similar to those reported associated with dengue haemorrhagic fever in Thailand. The majority of patients had extremely high antibody titers against dengue measured by both hemagglutination inhibition and by plaque reduction neutralization tests and all four types of dengue virus were isolated. Eight of the patients died. PMID- 705414 TI - A new concentration of human intestinal capillariasis on western Luzon. AB - A new concentration of 32 cases of human intestinal capillariasis is described. This subepidemic occurred 120 Km from the nearest previously reported cases and the disease is locally acquired. All but one patient ate raw food and all ingested the small freshwater fish Ambassis commersoni (bagsang). Although good results were obtained with a modified treatment schedule using thiabendazole, mebendazole proved to be easier to administer, was more rapid in action, and no side effects were experienced. The proposed pathological life cycle is reviewed. The need for more awareness of this potentially widespread disease amongst the professional community is discussed. PMID- 705415 TI - Sewage stabilization pond: The effects on Schistosoma Mansoni transmission. AB - The "facultative" sewage-stabilization pond was investigated with respect to transmission of S. mansoni. The results of field and laboratory experiments suggest that the ecologic factors i.e., physical and chemical play important roles in a combined interplay affecting the hatchability of S. mansoni eggs, infectivity of miracidia of S. mansioni and the potential existence of the planorbid snails host, B. glabrata. The results seem to indicate the successful reduction of S. mansoni transmission in the pond itself. If the pond is designed properly in terms of depth, detention time, etc., it will serve as an efficient barrier for transmission of S. mansoni. It is expected that the same would be true for other human schistosomes. PMID- 705416 TI - Prevalence of Giardia lamblia in children attending an out-patient department of Siriraj Hospital. AB - Giardia lamblia has been considered a facultative pathogenic organism. The prevalence of this organism was found in 18.58% and 18.18% of children with and without associated symptoms. The prevalence is higher than those previous studies from Southeast Asia. Most children are commonly infected after 1 year of age. Giardiasis should be suspected in any child with unexplained chronic diarrhoea, abdominal pain and failure to gain weight. The diagnosis is important because the disease is curable after appropriate treatment. PMID- 705417 TI - Studies on the effects of tetracycline on Brugia pahangi infection in Aedes togoi. PMID- 705418 TI - Prevalence of anaemia in Thai soldiers. PMID- 705419 TI - Clinical observations on glucocorticoids in cobra envenomation. AB - A clinical trial of corticosteroid treatment in five cases of cobra, Naja naja, bite with systemic poisoning is reported. The results reveal that corticosteroid had no demonstrable beneficial effect in the neurotoxic poisoning of the cobra. Specific antivenom is the most important therapeutic agent for systemic poisoning. The combination of antivenom and corticosteroid had no effect on the development of local necrosis. PMID- 705421 TI - Current status of schistosomiasis japonica in Sorsogon Province, Republic of the Philippines. AB - A resurvey of Irosin and the eight municipalities surrounding it for schistosomiasis japonica using COPT and FECT was done in order to determine the status of the disease thirty years after it was first reported in the town of Irosin in 1947. In Irosin, the results by FECT showed that there was a decrease in prevalence from 5.7% to 2.8%, however, if by COPT, then there was an increase from 5.7% to 12.2%. There is a definite trend of the disease to spread from Irosin into the surrounding municipalities. Whereas in 1951, only Irosin and Juban have been established as endemic foci for schistosomiasis, the result of previous surveys by the schisto-unit at Irosin and the present study seem to indicate that the disease has spread into seven additional towns surrounding Irosin. In like manner, the snail intermediate host, Oncomelania quadrasi has a tendency to spread to outlying areas outside of Irosin and Juban. PMID- 705420 TI - Single-day treatment of trichomonas vaginitis with low dose of ornidazole. AB - A total of 107 cases of trichomonas vaginitis were treated with different regimens of ornidazole. The overall success rate of the treatment assessed by wet smear and clinical signs after three days in 68 cases was 98.5%. The side effects were mild and of short duration. These were noted in 14.7% of the assessable cases. No significant differences were seen in the success rate between the three drug regimens and the preliminary conclusions of the trial are that ornidazole is safe and effective in the treatment of trichomonas vaginitis in Korean women with an oral dose of 1.0 gm, 1.0 gm plus 0.5 gm intravaginally or 2.0 gm given in a single day. PMID- 705422 TI - Interactions between larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in mixed experimental populations. AB - The interaction between larvae of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in mixed experimental populations under adequate and inadequate food supply were studied in the laboratory. The results revealed that Ae. aegypti had the beneficial effects on the development and survival of Ae. albopictus when food was adequate but adverse effects on Ae. albopictus is exterminated when Ae. aegypti is present. Urbanization and ecology of mosquitoes could be factors in the decreasing number of Ae. albopictus population in urbanized areas. Further experiments are necessary to study the interaction of mosquitoes under various conditions. PMID- 705423 TI - [Experience in evaluating the activities of provincial public health organs and institutions]. PMID- 705424 TI - [Statistical methods for the analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the physical development of a children's collective]. PMID- 705425 TI - [Introduction of the scientific achievements of the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR into public health practice]. PMID- 705426 TI - [Strengthening the contacts of practicing physicians with scientists]. PMID- 705427 TI - [Problems in the professional training of the physician therapist]. PMID- 705428 TI - [Improvement in public health management in the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. PMID- 705430 TI - [Basis for planned work estimates at pharmaceutical institutions]. PMID- 705429 TI - [Leninist principles of public health in the constitution of a developed socialist society]. PMID- 705431 TI - [Morbidity and temporary work loss among workers in chemical industry auxiliary plants and services]. PMID- 705432 TI - [Rational special employment of railroad workers who have lost their occupational fitness]. PMID- 705433 TI - [Attempt at improving the skills of public health organizers]. PMID- 705434 TI - Scientific conference of the I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow Medical Institute on "S. V. Kurashov and problems involved in organizing polyclinic services to the population". PMID- 705435 TI - [Organization of specialized aid to the patients with hemophilia]. PMID- 705436 TI - [Specific features in the work of blood transfusion department at a large multispecialty medical establishment]. PMID- 705437 TI - [Methods in improvement of effectiveness of radiofluorographic examination in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 705438 TI - [Fibrogastroscopy in complex and early diagnosis of stomach diseases in a large population of people considered to be healthy]. PMID- 705439 TI - [Use of international classification for malignant tumors of proximal segment of the stomach in evaluation of therapy effectiveness]. PMID- 705440 TI - [Systemic teleangiomatosis with secondary changes in the hematopoiesis]. PMID- 705441 TI - [Cryopreservation of erythrocytes, their clinical use and prospects for this method]. PMID- 705442 TI - [Diagnosis of myeloma disease]. PMID- 705443 TI - [Surgical treatment of myeloma]. PMID- 705444 TI - [Combined treatment of melanoblastoma]. PMID- 705445 TI - [Specific features of hormonal balance in patients with myoma of the uterus]. PMID- 705446 TI - [Diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms at various stages of examination]. PMID- 705447 TI - [Natural resistance of surgical patients with latent and overt diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 705448 TI - [Results of vaccine therapy in various forms of brucellosis according to G.P. Rudnev]. PMID- 705449 TI - [Hemostatic agent PPSB in the prevention and treatment of hemorrhages caused by deficiency of the prothrombin complex factors]. PMID- 705450 TI - [Action of antilymphocyte globulin on the lymphoid cells of patients with hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 705451 TI - [Immunotherapy of acute leukemia]. PMID- 705452 TI - [Active immunotherapy with allogenic leukemic cells in complex treatment of patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 705453 TI - [Clinical variants of neuroleukosis]. PMID- 705454 TI - [Rare (atypical) forms of chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 705455 TI - [Effectiveness of the cytostatic therapy in III-IV stages of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 705456 TI - [Use of immunological reactions in a study of immune response in persons presenting a high oncological risk]. PMID- 705457 TI - [Disorders of external respiration in myeloma]. PMID- 705458 TI - [Precancerous condition and its significance in early diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 705460 TI - [Possibilities of modern bronchological examination in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 705459 TI - [Diagnosis of metastasis in lung cancer]. PMID- 705461 TI - [Complex treatment of patients with 3d stage stomach neoplasms]. PMID- 705463 TI - [Chilomicroscopy in the diagnosis of lip neoplasms]. PMID- 705462 TI - [Long-term survival of patients with rectal neoplasms following radical surgery]. PMID- 705464 TI - [Results of the radiotherapy in skin cancer]. PMID- 705465 TI - [Acute leukemias: principles and methods of treatment]. PMID- 705466 TI - [Tumors and tumor-like formations of the genitalia in children and adolescents]. PMID- 705467 TI - [Syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 705468 TI - [Use of some physical factors in oncological practice]. PMID- 705469 TI - [Hepatic circulation and central hemodynamics in patients with chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 705470 TI - [Differential diagnosis of comatose conditions in internal diseases]. PMID- 705471 TI - [Neurological aspects of comatose states]. PMID- 705472 TI - [Improvement of physician's strategy in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 705473 TI - [Experience in joint work of angiosurgeons and traumatologists in treatment of patients with combined leg injuries]. PMID- 705475 TI - [X-ray examinations of patients with penetrating wounds of the chest and abdomen]. PMID- 705474 TI - [Effectiveness of ambulatory follow-up of patients with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 705476 TI - [Direct blood replacement with subsequent reinfusion of erythrocytes in patients with severe burns]. PMID- 705477 TI - [Closed injuries of the stomach]. PMID- 705478 TI - [Stomach emptying following diverse surgery for ulcers involving pylorus]. PMID- 705479 TI - [Emergencies in patients with injuries of the larynx, pharynx and cervical esophagus]. PMID- 705480 TI - [Pancreatic carcinoid with metastasis]. PMID- 705481 TI - [Apparatus for conservative treatment of injuries of the talocrural articulation]. PMID- 705482 TI - [Drainage of the thoracic lymph ducts in complex treatment of the positional compression syndrome]. PMID- 705483 TI - [Pathophysiological bases of surgical strategy in gastroduodenal hemorrhage caused by ulcer]. PMID- 705484 TI - [Intraoperative storage of autologous blood in gastric surgery]. PMID- 705485 TI - [Surgical methods in open fractures]. PMID- 705486 TI - [Surgical methods in complicated cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 705487 TI - [Special characteristics of acute cholecystitis in males]. PMID- 705488 TI - [Pathogenesis of toxemia in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 705489 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 705490 TI - [Role of endoscopic study in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 705491 TI - [Possibilities of obtaining and using convalescents' blood plasma containing antitoxic and antimicrobial antibodies]. PMID- 705492 TI - [Activity of adrenal hormones and kallikrein-kinin blood system in acute disorders of the heart rhythm in patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 705493 TI - [Hydrocephalic syndrome in the acute period of cerebral aneurysm rupture]. PMID- 705494 TI - [Experience with glucocorticosteroids and magnetic fields in the intensive therapy of severe viral hepatitis]. PMID- 705495 TI - [Treatment of liver insufficiency of various etiology]. PMID- 705496 TI - [Blood reinfusion in emergency gynecology]. PMID- 705497 TI - [Evoked visual potentials as a diagnostic criterion in cerebral contusion]. PMID- 705498 TI - [Prognosis of weak labor]. PMID- 705499 TI - [Effect of blood transfusion on some characteristics of nonspecific immunity]. PMID- 705500 TI - [Pathogenesis, early diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency in organophosphorus insecticide poisoning]. PMID- 705501 TI - The needs of the under fives. PMID- 705502 TI - Schools: an evolutionary view. PMID- 705503 TI - From school to adult life. PMID- 705504 TI - Teacher education and training. PMID- 705505 TI - Research in special education. PMID- 705506 TI - [Technic, indications for and complications of adrenal phlebography]. PMID- 705507 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of computer tomography in the thoracic area]. PMID- 705508 TI - [Radiologic demonstration of the cervico-thoracic transition]. PMID- 705509 TI - [Impairment of the stratification result through the use of an automatic lighting device in linear tomography]. PMID- 705510 TI - [Aspects of cancer development]. PMID- 705511 TI - [The vacuum in x-ray tubes]. PMID- 705512 TI - [Intracranial injuries of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 705514 TI - [Removal of a bent Kuntsc;er nail]. PMID- 705513 TI - [Damage due to cold]. PMID- 705515 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the appendix]. PMID- 705516 TI - [Single-stage surgical management of biliary tract and gastroduodenal diseases]. PMID- 705517 TI - [Reaction of the renal arterial circulation to thoracotomy and to artificial circulation]. PMID- 705518 TI - [Diagnosis of intraductal lesions of the breast and their therapy]. PMID- 705519 TI - [Repeated surgery for tumors of the esophagus and cardia]. PMID- 705520 TI - [Participation of the Research Institute for Traumatology in research and in the organization of research in traumatologic surgery during the 6th and 7th 5-year plan]. PMID- 705521 TI - [Current surgery of multiple fractures]. PMID- 705522 TI - [Treatment of dislocation fractures of the humeral head]. PMID- 705523 TI - [Problems in the primary treatment of closed fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 705524 TI - [Conservation of the devitalized, subtotally amputated and dilacerated upper extremity]. PMID- 705525 TI - [Pulmonary changes in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 705526 TI - [Significance of repeated diagnostic surgical interventions on the breast]. PMID- 705527 TI - [Prognostic factors in portosystemic anastomoses]. PMID- 705528 TI - Trouble in Malta. PMID- 705530 TI - Rugby injuries. PMID- 705529 TI - [Electroconvulsive therapy]. PMID- 705531 TI - [Fluoridation]. PMID- 705532 TI - Another look at erythromycin. PMID- 705533 TI - Predicting twin pregnancies. PMID- 705534 TI - The effect of lumbar epidural analgesia on the fetal heart. PMID- 705535 TI - [Desocializing of health services]. PMID- 705536 TI - [High costs of medical services]. PMID- 705537 TI - VIPomas and the watery diarrhoea syndrome. AB - Vaso-active intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a recently discovered polypeptide widely distributed throughout the gastro-intestinal tract and nervous system. Elevated plasma VIP levels are found in gut and neural endocrine tumours producing the watery diarrhoea syndrome. Fifty per cent of these tumours are intrinsically malignant and the mortality rate may be as high as 30% even from the bening growths owing to the serious metabolic sequelae of the syndrome. The plasma VIP level is not elevated in any other non-tumourous diarrhoeal condition. The biological action of VIP closely resembles the clinical features of the Verner-Morrison syndrome and experimental evidence strongly suggests that VIP is the causal agent. The measurement of plasma VIP is of exceptional diagnostic value, since detection of elevated levels enables early removal of the tumour and may be life-saving. PMID- 705538 TI - Treatment of chronic destructive pneumonia with cephalosporins, penicillin and metronidazole. AB - Three hundred and ten patients with chronic destructive pneumonia (CDP), a necrotizing pneumonia probably caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacterial synergism, were treated with cephalosporins (80 of these with cephalosporins, penicillin and metronidazole). The reasons for selecting these drugs to treat CDP are given and evidence is presented which suggests that the combination of cephalosporins, penicillin and metronidazole is more effective therapy for CDP than cephalosporins alone. This finding supports the thesis that anaerobes are implicated in the aetiology of CDP. PMID- 705539 TI - [The role of medical services in combating disasters]. AB - Natural and man-made disasters are an ever present threat, particularly in densely populated cities. Doctors, and other people who provide medical care, plead for comprehensive action plans to ensure survival in cases of disaster. Diaster medicine represents a new, multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach. To combat disasters, however, requires knowledge of, and participation by, many disciplines within and outside the field of medicine. Guidelines, to initiate a comprehensive and coordinated anti-disaster programme, are presented. The purpose is to ensure that all resources are used with maximum effect and that all stumbling blocks to efficiency are removed. PMID- 705540 TI - BCG vaccination of the newborn. AB - Newborn infants given one of three BCG vaccines at birth reacted to Heaf tuberculin testing 6-12 weeks later with a visible and palpable ring of nodules. This correlated with the Heaf grade I reaction previously describes with BCG vaccination. Review of hospital and clinic records, although regrettably incomplete, revealed no case of tuberculous meningitis or miliary tuberculosis in a vaccinated child in our area since the campaign for vaccination of newborn babies began. Tuberculosis in vaccinated babies should be carefully investigated to determine age at vaccination, type of vaccine, degree of exposure to infection and socio-economic factors which may be important in producing this "vaccine failure". Vaccination will give 60-80% protection to the newborn for about 5 years. PMID- 705541 TI - Smoking habits of blacks in industry. AB - A number of Black workers from a factory near Johannesburg were questioned about their smoking habits. Compared with an earlier study, a significantly greater number of younger workers now smoke-and mainly cigarettes. The roles played by the strong tobacco lobby and that of the Department of Health are considered. PMID- 705542 TI - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. A case report. AB - A patient with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, who presented with septic criminal abortion, is discussed. The fact that the correct diagnosis was obscured by the unusual sequence of events is commented upon, and the need for critical evaluation of apparently clear-cut cases is demonstrated. PMID- 705543 TI - Double-chambered right ventricle, ventricular septal defect and aortic regurgitation. A report of two cases. PMID- 705544 TI - The full-timer and the MASA. PMID- 705545 TI - [Eosinophils and the role they play]. PMID- 705546 TI - Beasties in jam jars. PMID- 705547 TI - Driving, disease and disability. PMID- 705548 TI - An unusual side-effect of the pill. PMID- 705549 TI - Cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction and coronary artery embolism. PMID- 705550 TI - Food fortification in South Africa. PMID- 705551 TI - Sterilization. PMID- 705552 TI - Sterilized sterility and demographic stagnation. PMID- 705553 TI - Water-soluble vitamins in severe liver disease. AB - Biochemical deficiency of thiamine, vitamin B6, ascorbic acid or nicotinic acid occurred in 71% and 88% of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) respectively. Transient high plasma vitamin B6 concentrations in FHF were followed by low levels later in the illness. Although patients with DCLD of alcoholic aetiology tended to have lower circulating levels of vitamins than those with non-alcoholic DCLD, the prevalence of abnormally low concentrations did not differ. Decreased dietary nutrient intake and alcohol appeared to be less important determinants of biochemical vitamin deficiency than the presence of liver disease per se. Finally, urinary excretion of these vitamins or their major metabolites in patients with severe liver disease correlated poorly with circulating levels of vitamins. PMID- 705554 TI - The influence of paraquat on the in vitro oxygen consumption of rabbit lung. AB - The effects of paraquat on the aerobic metabolism of rabbit lung slices were investigated. The oxygen consumption of lung slices was examined at different oxygen tensions and in the presence or absence of glucose as substrate in a Krebs Ringer phosphate medium. In an air phase, the oxygen consumption of control lung tissue with glucose in the medium was practically the same as the oxygen consumption without glucose over a 3-hour period. In a 100% oxygen phase, glucose induced a marked increase in oxygen uptake, which persisted for about 2 hours. Thereafter, a decrease occurred in oxygen consumption which was notably faster than that of lung tissue without added glucose. With 10 mM glucose in the medium, paraquat (10(-5)M and 10(-3)M) immediately stimulated the oxygen consumption of lung slices. Although the initial increase in aerobic metabolism seemed to be glucose-dependent, the secondary inhibitory effect of paraquat appeared to be of the same magnitude in the presence or absence of glucose. Both the initial stimulation as well as the secondary inhibition were much more pronounced in a 100% oxygen atmosphere than in an air phase. These results indicate that the rabbit lung is sensitive to paraquat toxicity in vitro, and confirm that oxygen and paraquat supplement each other's toxicity in the lung. PMID- 705555 TI - Gastric perforation in the newborn. AB - Three newborn infants who developed gastric perforation are reported. One infant survived and 2 died. The aetiology of neonatal gastric rupture is discussed, as well as some diagnostic features. The importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is stressed. PMID- 705556 TI - A child with the nephrotic syndrome associated with endemic syphilis. AB - A 21-month old infant with endemic syphilis who presented with nephrotic syndrome is described. Clinically, the features correlated well with those of renal disease associated with secondary syphilis. The onset of renal disease in association with syphilis after early infancy may be a valuable aid in drawing attention to the possibility of endemic syphilis. Morphologically the features were those of an immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. We regard the presence of a large number of immature-looking glomeruli as a retrogressive phenomenon. PMID- 705557 TI - Complement consumption and progression to post-streptococcal nephrotic syndrome. A report of two cases. AB - The immunopathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome which occurs in about 0,3% of Black children with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis has not been clearly defined. Findings in 2 out of 582 Black children with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis who developed nephrotic syndrome suggest that minimal activation in the blood of complement components, particularly C3, early in the nephritic process may determine progression to nephrosis. Differences reported by other workers between normocomplementaemic and hypocomplementaemic patients with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis support this interpretation. PMID- 705558 TI - Mycetomas in goats. AB - Naturally occurring mycetomas were found in 3 goats. Two had mycetomas on their hind legs and the third on its left scapula. In 2 goats the causative agents were identified by culture, histopathology and serology as Actinomadura madurae. In the remaining goat diagnosis was based only on histopathology and the causative agent was considered to be A. pelletierii. Despite minor differences between goat and human strains of A. madurae, it would seem that goats could be useful experimental models. PMID- 705559 TI - Scalp carriage of Pityrosporum species: the effect of physiological maturity, sex and race. AB - The change in carriage rates of Pilyrosporum sp. over the years before and after puberty were studied in Caucasoid and Negroid children using a semiquantitative cultural technique. Caucasoids yielded yeasts more often than did negroids; older or sexually mature children yielded yeasts more often than did prepubertal children. There appeared to be a decrease in numbers of yeasts isolated a few years after the pubertal peak. PMID- 705560 TI - Trichophyton ajelloi isolated from a child. AB - A case of widespread tinea corporis due to Trichophyton ajelloi in a young child is presented. The fungal isolate was unusual in that abundant microconidia were produced together with typical macroconidia. It was pathogenic for the guinea pig. PMID- 705561 TI - [Factor XII (Hageman factor) purification and anti-Hageman antibodies production (author's transl)]. PMID- 705562 TI - [Secondary myelofibrosis and/or osteosclerosis. An assessment of 400 biopsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 705563 TI - [Cytoproliferative activity of bone-marrow and peripheral blood compartments in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Preliminary report on the analysis of fifteen cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 705565 TI - [Sideroblastic refractory anaemia heralding the onset of a lymphocytic lymphoma of small cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 705564 TI - [Comparative study of two drug combination in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 705566 TI - [Haemoglobinopathies and related disorders. II. Presentation of the proposed screening methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 705567 TI - Preoperative radiotherapy for stage III carcinoma of the breast. AB - We have concluded from these observations in this pilot study that preoperative radiation therapy does not play a particularly helpful role in the management of patients who have the clinical finding of borderline operable carcinoma of the breast and it does not improve the survival rate. Patients within this category of locally advanced disease must be considered to have systemic metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, as has previously been stressed by many. For this reason, any therapy directed to the regional area for local control must be combined with some form of systemic therapy if there is to be any hope for an increase in survival time. PMID- 705569 TI - Stored blood platelets and microaggregate formation. AB - The structure and function of platelets in stored blood were tested for 21 days of storage with both light and electron microscopy as well as determination of platelet aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate. Observations were made for a period of 21 days of storage at 4 degrees C. These observations demonstrate the appearance of spontaneous platelet aggregates in stored blood which differ morphologically from aggregates induced by the addition of adenosine diphosphate during the first ten days of storage. The appearance of spontaneous platelet aggregates paralleled a decrease in platelet count and progressive decline in the number of morphologically normal appearing platelets. The platelets that were induced to aggregate with adenosine diphosphate formed more closely packed aggregates that those that formed spontaneously and that the adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregates could still be induced through the tenth day of storage, at which time few morphologically normal platelets could be clearly identified in the plasma. Spontaneous platelet aggregates showed no fibrin in the microaggregates but rather significant numbers of leukocytes contained in the aggregates which degenerated progressively beyond a storage period of five days. PMID- 705568 TI - Colonic protection from dimethylhydrazine by a high fiber diet. AB - Results of this experiment showed that a high fiber bran diet had the ability to lower significantly the incidence of pathologic changes in the colon of mice receiving 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, a drug known for its specificity for causing carcinoma of the colon. This finding adds support to the hypothesis which clains that the addition of bran to the diet has the ability to lower the indicence of carcinoma of the large intestine. PMID- 705570 TI - Football, neck muscles and head impact. AB - Any blow to the head may be injurious because it is the manner of response to the blow rather than the blow itself that produces the injury potential. Impacts to inanimate objects or to the heads of anesthetized animals produce data that are simplified by the fact that the involved mass is a constant, and the contact time is consistently negligible. On the football field, all the muscles in the body of the player are tensed at the snap of the ball, and the involved mass varies widely during the resulting prolonged contact time. This causes variable accelerations, variable forces and variable velocity changes as well as a varying mass which can only be measured, therefore, according to the impulse momentum theorem, Ft = deltaMV. PMID- 705571 TI - Evaluation of carbenicillin and a comparison of clindamycin and gentamicin combined therapy in penetrating abdominal trauma. AB - Results of this study suggest that an antibiotic or antibiotics to be effective in abdominal trauma must cover both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. A single drug, such as carbenicillin, appears to serve this purpose. If one is allergic to penicillin, then clindamycin along with gentamicin can be used. The routine use of an aminoglycoside in abdominal trauma is unnecessary. Aminoglycoside should be added to carbenicillin therapy only in patients with Klebsiella infections. Furthermore, we also support the recommendation made by others that antimicrobial therapy of abdominal trauma should begin preoperatively. PMID- 705572 TI - Chemical burns and skin preparation solutions. AB - Skin preparation burns associated with chemical agents are uncommon. They occur most frequently in those patients placed in the lithotomy position undergoing gynecologic operations, the burn being on the buttocks, and in those undergoing orthopedic operations, the burn being on the extremities and under a tourniquet. Thimerosal has been the most common agent to be implicated. The basic mechanism involves irritation coupled with maceration and pressure--conditions that can cause an acute pressure sore and superficial skin loss. To prevent these burns from occurring, the skin must not be abraded excessively before the final skin preparation solution is applied; the agent should not be allowed to pool and become trapped under the tourniquet or the torso of the patient, and the agent should be allowed to dry before the patient is draped. In our experience, the agent that has been the most effective and the least irritating to the skin during the time it has been used is povidone-iodine. PMID- 705573 TI - Colloid osmotic and pulmonary wedge pressures in acute respiratory failure following hemorrhage. AB - Acute respiratory failure evolved in five patients following hypovolemic shock related to trauma or surgical operation, or both. A reduction in colloid osmotic pressure, increases in pulmonary artery wedge pressure and reductions in colloid osmotic pressure-pulmonary artery wedge pressure gradient to levels which are likely to account for pulmonary edema were observed. Accordingly, reduction in the colloid hydrostatic pressure gradient may, in part, explain the development of acute respiratory failure after acute blood loss. In one instance, however, the absence of such reduction in the colloid osmotic pressure-pulmonary artery wedge pressure gradient together with increases in pulmonary vascular resistance showed that colloid osmotic pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure are not exclusively operative in the pathogenesis of the clinical syndrome of acute respiratory failure. PMID- 705574 TI - Observations on bladder function following radical hysterectomy using carbon dioxide cystometry. AB - It is suggested that carbon dioxide cystometry offers a simple, rapid method for the evaluation of bladder dysfunction in the postoperative period. Certainly, those patients recognized to have abnormal cystometric findings postoperatively are more likely to have voiding difficulties. Variable findings will be noted cystometrically, depending upon the interval between operation and cystometric studies because the pattern does become less pronounced with time. PMID- 705575 TI - Fat malabsorption in patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. PMID- 705576 TI - Glucose kinetics and responsiveness to insulin in the rat injured by burn. AB - The are persistent alterations in glucose metabolism in the rat during the first week after a 20 per cent body surface area burn injury. The basal rate of endogenous glucose production is elevated, and it is not suppressed to a normal degree by an exogenous glucose infusion. The hormonre data suggest that increased glucagon levels are responsible for the elevated rate of gluconeogenesis both before and during an exogenous glucose infusion. Basal glucose uptake was also elevated after injury, and there was a normal increment in the glucose metabolic clearance rate during an exogenous glucose infusion. The increase in the glucose metabolic clearance rate relative to the increase in the insulin concentration was equivalent in the burn and control groups of rats. This indicated a normal responsiveness to insulin after injury. Because there was no impairment in the capacity to take up an exogenous glucose infusion, we would question the insulin resistance rationale for administering insulin to patients rendered hyperglycemic by glucose infusion. PMID- 705577 TI - Factors leading to surgical treatment of intussusception. AB - We have reviewed the histories of 36 children treated operatively for 37 intussusceptions on one surgical service at this hospital during a period of ten years. Thirteen children had undergone operative procedures without attempted hydrostatic reduction. The only death that occurred was in a 800 gram premature infant. Pre-existing conditions altering intestinal motility were present in seven children. A definite lead point in the intestinal tract was present in six patients. Although hydrostatic reduction plays a major role in the management of uncomplicated intussusception in the pediatric age group, surgical treatment is sitll a necessary alternative for the management of intussusception. PMID- 705578 TI - Patient responsibility. PMID- 705579 TI - Parietal cell vagotomy facilitates fundoplication in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. AB - The technique of parietal cell vagotomy is recommended as an adjuvant procedure to be used with fundoplication operations for the treatment of reflux esophagitis. There are three reasons for recommending this procedure: it permits the performance of fundoplication with greater facility and precision; it insures the preservation of the hepatic branches of the vagus nerve, and it reduces acid secretion. These advantages can be achieved without causing the untoward effects of dumping and diarrhea that occur with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. PMID- 705580 TI - Evaluation of patients after augmentation mammoplasty. AB - The diagnosis and treatment of disease in the breast after augmentation mammoplasty requires a thorough understanding of the techniques of augmentation. Absolutely no compromise should be made because of the prosthesis. Using a careful history, physical examination, knowledge of techniques of augmentation and currently available diagnostic tools, the breast after augmentation mammoplasy can be safely and accurately treated. PMID- 705582 TI - Intraventricular meningioma in a child. PMID- 705581 TI - Spinal epidural radiation necrosis simulating metastatic neoplasm. PMID- 705583 TI - Diploic fibroma of the skull. PMID- 705584 TI - Stab wounds of the skull. AB - Sixteen cases of penetrating stab wounds of the head, where the knife blade has still been in situ on arrival at hospital, are presented. The indications for cerebral angiography, to establish vascular injury, and the spectrum of presentation are discussed. A technique of safe removal is described. There were no fatalities in the cases reviewed. PMID- 705585 TI - Traumatic bilateral carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas with progressive unilateral enlargement. AB - The authors present a patient with traumatic bilateral carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas associated with fracture of the sella turcica. Repeat angiography ten days after admission revealed that the left fistula had enlarged and was shunting the entire output of the left carotid artery and a portion of the output of the basilar artery. A muscle embolization procedure was sucessfully performed on the left side but was complicated by hemorrhage from the left cavernous sinus prior to closure. Problems associated with the enlargement of carotid-cavernous fistulas are discussed. PMID- 705587 TI - Chondromixoid fibroma with spinal cord compression. PMID- 705586 TI - Interhemispheric subdural hematoma. AB - The clinical presentation and surgical management of an interhemispheric subdural hematoma, a rare entity, is presented and the literature reviewed. Either hemiparesis, worse in the lower than the upper extremity, or lower extremity monoparesis is characteristic of this lesion. Computerized tomography (CT) is the preferred diagnostic procedure. An interhemispheric hematoma, either acute or chronic, is best treated by osteoplastic craniotomy. Specific anatomical considerations, clinical features, and the recommended surgical technique is described. PMID- 705588 TI - Effect of dose and dose schedule on the response of intracranial pressure to mannitol. AB - Analysis of monitoring records of 150 patients given over 1000 infusions of 20% mannitol delineared three variables affecting the response of intracranial pressure (ICP) to mannitol: the original ICP; the current dose; and the dose given over the preceding three hours. The level of ICP influenced the response to mannitol as much as the amount of mannitol; giving more mannitol than was required to bring ICP below 25 mm Hg led to the need for larger following doses. One hundred-milliliter-bolus doses were often as effective as larger doses. The results suggest that doses of mannitol given to control increased ICP should be kept as small as possible. PMID- 705589 TI - Late thrombosis of middle cerebral artery following clipping and coating of aneurysms. AB - Twenty days after clipping and coating with Aron Alpha (ethylcyanoacrylate) of two adjacent middle cerebral artery aneurysms, the patient developed a complete thrombosis of the parent vessel at the site of the aneurysms. The routine postoperative angiograms on the seventh day after surgery had revealed a patent middle cerebral artery. The possible roles of Aron Alpha and multiple Heifetz clips are discussed. PMID- 705590 TI - Arachnoid cyst producing recurrent neurological disturbances. AB - A patient with an arachnoid cyst of the posteriro fossa experienced repeated episodes of transient right upper extremity numbness and weakness. Review of the literature indicates that arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa and spinal canal as well as extradural spinal cysts may present with symptoms of transient neurological deficit which often suggest the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 705591 TI - Transoval trigeminal cisternography. AB - A new water-soluble contrast medium, metrizamide (Amipaque) was used to visualize the subarachnoid space within Meckel's cave. By a needle introduced through the foramen ovale, successful filling of the trigeminal cistern was accomplished in 48(80%) of 60 patients. Transoval trigeminal cisternography offers a possibility to control the position of the tip of the needle in various blocking procedures of the trigeminal ganglion, and may also be used for target localization in stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 705592 TI - Acute hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage with signs of lower brainstem compression. AB - A case of acute hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage is reported. The patient was comatose on admission and successfully survived following evacuation of the hematoma. Surgically treated similar cases are reviewed in the literature. It is suggested that prompt diagnosis, immediate removal of the hematoma, prevention of rebleeding, and careful management of pre- and intra-operative anoxia may result in better results with this highly lethal condition. PMID- 705593 TI - Extra-intracranial anastomosis preliminary to treatment of carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula. AB - The authors emphasize the value of extra-intracranial anastomosis prior to occlusion of the cervical segment of the main cerebral arteries, and report a case of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula successfully treated by combined extra intracranial anastomosis and intra-luminal occlusion of the carotid artery with a balloon catheter. PMID- 705594 TI - Hypogastric artery aneurysm: a very rare cause of sciatica (and a tricky diagnostic problem!). AB - A 68-year-old hypertensive male suffering from acute sciatica with pronounced motor disturbances and urinary retention, was found to be suffering from aneurysm of the hypogastric artery. Surgical treatment of the aneurysm resulted in an incomplete recovery. The possible relationships of the aneurysm to the symptoms and treatment are discussed. PMID- 705595 TI - Recto-meningeal fistulae in dysraphic states. PMID- 705596 TI - Microsurgical excision of an arteriovenous malformation of the anterior corpus callosum. PMID- 705597 TI - Leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the brain. AB - A rare instance of leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the brain in a 60-year-old male is presented. The primary site was in the gastrointestinal tract. Previously reported cases of similar nature are reviewed. PMID- 705598 TI - Neurosurgical management of the elderly patient. AB - The records of 59 patients above the age of 65 operated on for diverse neurosurgical problems between January 1975 and September 1976 were reviewed. It was found that in only about half of the cases was the referral diagnosis correct. Most of the referred patients diagnosed as cerebrovascular accident or senile dementia were found to be suffering from intracranial space-occupying lesions or normal pressure hydrocephalus. Post-operatively there was a significant improvement in 48% of this group of geriatric patients, with no change in 23% and a poor result in 29%. when the data on patients with benign lesions were considered separately, it was found that in this group there was a significant improvement in 60%, with no change in 23% and a poor result in only 17%. PMID- 705599 TI - A thrombosed giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery with brain stem displacement. AB - A giant aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 5.2 cm arising from the right internal carotid artery grew to occupy the interpenduncular cistern and displaced the upper brain stem. Most of the lumen of the aneurysm was occluded by a thrombus and its real dimension in situ was visualized by CT scan. The neck of the aneurysm was successfully clipped but removal of the aneurysm was not feasible. Following surgery, clinical signs and symptoms gradually improved and subsequent decrease in size of the thrombosed aneurysm was documented by serial CT scans. PMID- 705600 TI - Congenital saccular aneurysm in a 19-day-old neonate: case report and review of the literature. AB - A 19-day-old neonate presented with a massive intracranial hemorrhage which was found at autopsy to be due to a ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysm. Detailed histologic evaluation revealed that this was a true congenital lesion. A survey of the literature yielded 19 cases of saccular aneurysm in the first year of life. Together with this report, nine cases are now on record, containing sufficient histologic detail to suggest a congenital basis, contrary to the assertion casting doubt on the existence of the entity. Attention is drawn to the practical importance of recognizing this lesion as a rare cause of intracranial hemorrhage in the neonate, since successful surgical intervention has been reported in several cases. PMID- 705601 TI - Intrasellar fibromyxochondroma. AB - A case is reported in which a fibromyxochondroma grew within the sella turcica, recurred twice and was removed each time. PMID- 705602 TI - Vetebral hemangiomas: spinal angiography and preoperative embolization. AB - Seven cases of symptomatic spinal hemangiomas are discussed. Special emphasis is given to a patient in whom pre-operative embolization was necessary. A marked reduction in the blood supply was achieved, with the result that the subsequent laminectomy was carried out without great difficulty. PMID- 705603 TI - Enlarging optic chiasmal glioma with stable visual acuity. AB - A 13 1/2-year-old girl with stable, reduced visual acuity, nystagmus and Small, pale optic discs initially noted at age nine months, developed signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. At craniotomy, an intrinsic glioma of the optic chiasm and both optic nerves extended into both frontal lobes, the hypothalamus and the third ventricle. PMID- 705604 TI - Raise your sights. PMID- 705605 TI - Computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of low-density intracranial lesions. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) findings of low-density lesions of the brain were compared with the pathologic nature of the lesions. Twenty-one lesions having densities uniformly lower than those of the normal brain, most of which showing no significant early enhancement effect, were selected. Such lesions were either cystic non-neoplastic lesions, cystic tumors, solid tumors or solid but non neoplastic lesions. Although CT proved to be the single, most sensitive diagnostic method detecting such low-density lesions, it was often difficult or even impossible to differentiate cystic from solid, or neoplastic from non neoplastic lesions based on the CT features alone. PMID- 705606 TI - Let's not get egg on our face. PMID- 705607 TI - Binasal hemianopia. AB - The visual fields of 100 patients referred for neuro-ophthalmologic examination were reviewed; eight cases had binasal visual field defects. Most clinicians have suspected an intracranial cause for such field defects since the classic report of Cushing and Walker in 1912. However, in this study, the cause for the binasal hemianopia was found to be ischemic optic neuropathy in two patients, and one case each of optic nerve drusen, glaucoma, congenital optic nerve pits, and retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento. Thus 75% of the cases had an intraocular cause for the binasal hemianopia. Two patients had congenital hydrocephalus, and an intracranial basis was thus noted in 25% of these cases. The neurosurgeon should realize that the patient with binasal field defects is much more likely to have an ocular cause than an intracranial one for his problem. PMID- 705608 TI - Local hypothermia in experimental spinal cord trauma. AB - A series of controlled animal experiments comparing the effects of one, four, and 18 hours of local hypothermia at 6 degrees C begun four hours after compression lesions to the thoracic cord in dogs is reported. Four hours of local cooling delivered by a small silastic epidural heat exchanger, without durotomy or tissue perfusion, is shown to give greater functional benefit than cooling for one hour or 18 hours. Experimental design, pathophysiological implications, and clinical relevance are discussed. PMID- 705609 TI - Phrenic nerve conduction studies in the evaluation of ventilatory problems in patients with cranio-cervical trauma. AB - Five patients with hypoventilation and paresis of the diaphragm following trauma to the cervical spinal cord, brain stem, or both, were evaluated with phrenic nerve conduction studies while being considered for implantation of a phrenic nerve stimulator. Several distinct patterns of phrenic nerve function were elicited in the various cases, allowing accurate predictions and management decisions to be made. Phrenic nerve conduction studies are felt to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the management of the hypoventilating patient with cranio cervical trauma. The procedure is safe, rapid, and easily performed at the bedside. PMID- 705610 TI - Cerebral pseudoatrophy and computed tomography: two illustrative case reports. AB - The detection of cerebral atrophy in the demented patient is best accomplished by computed tomography (CT). However, CT is a static tool in the evaluation of cerebral disease. Two cases of "pseudoatrophy", one secondary to malnutrition, the other secondary to communicating hydrocephalus, will illustrate the problems in the evaluation of "atrophic" change on the basis of one CT examination alone. PMID- 705611 TI - Glucocorticoid therapy in ocular herpes simplex. Editor's comment. PMID- 705612 TI - Sudden visual loss secondary to an orbital varix. AB - A 45-year-old man presented with precipitous loss of vision and rapidly changing field defects in one eye. Computerized tomography and B-scan ultrasonography revealed a small orbital mass adjacent to the optic nerve. This was removed via lateral orbitotomy. On pathologic examination it was diagnosed as a small orbital varix. Drs. Frederick C. Blodi and Stephen Trokel comment on the case. PMID- 705613 TI - Elimination of aniseikonia in monocular aphakia with a contact lens-spectacle combination. AB - Correction of monocular aphakia with contact lenses generally results in aniseikonia in the range of 7--9%; with correction by intraocular lenses, aniseikonia is approximately 2%. We present a new method of correcting aniseikonia in monocular aphakics using a contact lens-spectacle combination. A formula is derived wherein the contact lens is deliberately overcorrected; this overcorrection is then neutralized by the appropriate spectacle lens, to be worn over the contact lens. Calculated results with this system over a wide range of possible situations consistently results in an aniseikonia of 0.1%. PMID- 705614 TI - Contemporary optics and ocular pathology. AB - A significant advantage of Fourier optics over classical optics is that it permits a differentiation between optical and retinal-neural causes of visual impairment. The basic methods of Fourier optics are introduced in a nonmathematical manner, as are their relationship to current clinical methods of measuring visual performance. Potential ophthalmic applications for Fourier optics in both clinical diagnosis and pre-operative ocular evaluation are discussed, and the importance of clinical measurement of visual performance at intermediate contrast states is emphasized. PMID- 705615 TI - Cutaneous melanoma and its relation to melanoma of the uveal tract. AB - Current tactics under study in the control of cutaneous melanoma may prove to be of benefit in management of uveal melanoma. These include precise staging at diagnosis and analysis of pathologic data correlated with the subsequent clinical course. The potential role of adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy is discussed. PMID- 705616 TI - [Work organization of a gastroenterology office]. PMID- 705617 TI - [Bone marrow cell colony-forming capacity in various neutropenic conditions. Liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 705618 TI - [Intragastric regulation of the acid-forming function of the stomach]. PMID- 705619 TI - [Allergic complications in the use of antibacterial agents in pulmonology]. PMID- 705620 TI - [Correlations between the indices of a left ventricular apical cardiogram and the physical load tolerance of patients with postinfarct cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 705621 TI - [Participation of the endocrine cells of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in the regulation of gastric acid formation]. PMID- 705622 TI - [Modern methods of diagnosing peptic ulcer]. PMID- 705623 TI - [Functional state of the neuroendocrine elements of the stomach in healthy persons and in patients with a pyloric-duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 705624 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of the gastric juice depending on the metabolic state and protective barrier of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 705625 TI - [Scientific research in the USSR in gastroenterology and its prospects for development]. PMID- 705626 TI - [Assessment of the intensity of gastroduodenal reflux in peptic ulcer and gastritis and its relationship to enterolysis of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 705628 TI - [Role of the vascular factor in the pathogenesis of liver diseases]. PMID- 705627 TI - [Difficulties and errors in the diagnosis of stomach cancer via gastroscopy and histological study of material from spot biopsies]. PMID- 705629 TI - [Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity study in different liver diseases]. PMID- 705630 TI - [Importance of the rheographic test with ultrasonic exposure in the diagnosis of lesions of the liver in chronic hepatobiliary pathology]. PMID- 705631 TI - [Aldolase isoenzymatic spectrum in acute liver necrosis in relation to viral hepatitis]. PMID- 705632 TI - [Intrahepatic hemodynamics and liver absorptive function in rheumatic heart defects with circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 705633 TI - [Motor evacuatory function of the gallbladder in peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 705634 TI - [Status and prospects for development of gastroenterology in the Estonian SSR]. PMID- 705635 TI - [Antigenic properities of trypsin in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 705636 TI - [Mechanism of action of intestinal hormones]. PMID- 705637 TI - [Antirheumatic non-steroid drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 705638 TI - [Scleroderma--a vascular disease]. PMID- 705639 TI - [Effect of combined treatment with nicotinic acid and DMSO on microcirculatory disorders in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 705640 TI - [Effectiveness of treatment of glomerulonephritis with anticoagulants, antiaggregants, cytostatics and methindol]. PMID- 705641 TI - [Effect of hypoxia on bronchial resistance in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 705642 TI - [Integration of the phthisiatric and pulmonological services]. PMID- 705643 TI - [Fatty acids and blood serum lipids in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 705644 TI - [Intravascular coagulation in chronic forms of ischemic heart disease (according to the data of radioisotope studies)]. PMID- 705645 TI - [Evaluation and the future of new antirheumatic drugs]. PMID- 705646 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 705648 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis in current rheumatology]. PMID- 705647 TI - [Effectiveness and pharmacological effect of a new non-steroid drug tosiben in the treatment of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 705650 TI - [Clinico-morphological variants of rheumatoid arthritis in adolescents]. PMID- 705649 TI - [Infectious-allergic polyarthritis as an independent nosological unit]. PMID- 705651 TI - [General and local activity of rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with morphological manifestations of synovitis according to the data of puncture biopsy]. PMID- 705652 TI - [Clinico-morphological parallels in the study of recurrence of synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after early synovectomy]. PMID- 705653 TI - [Clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis depending on the variants of the immunological status]. PMID- 705654 TI - [Systemic and local (intra-articular) organ-specific reactions in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 705655 TI - [Anti-complement activity and blood serum cryoglobulins in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 705656 TI - [Study of the blood serum immunoglobulin level in relatives of patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 705657 TI - [Treatment of recurrent rheumatism with acetylsalicylic acid and its pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 705658 TI - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of cardiac lesions in chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 705659 TI - Immunohemolytic anemia in children: a review. Part I. PMID- 705660 TI - Anhydrous ammonia burn of the respiratory tract. PMID- 705661 TI - Pregnancy complicated by acute gastric volvulus. PMID- 705662 TI - [The dialog as an educational principle]. PMID- 705663 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of non-gonorrhoic urethritis]. PMID- 705664 TI - [Medical help in catastrophies]. PMID- 705665 TI - [10 years of preventive medical studies on the problem of alcoholism]. PMID- 705666 TI - [Treatment of broncho-pulmonary infections with Codidoxal. Results of an open field-study with a new antibiotic-antitussive combination]. PMID- 705667 TI - [Symptomatic antipyretic and analgesic treatment with Verlapyrin in children]. PMID- 705668 TI - [Digitalis as a cause of arrhythmia]. PMID- 705669 TI - [Problems in the treatment of hyposomnia]. PMID- 705670 TI - [The reform of medical studies in France]. PMID- 705671 TI - [Is stress threatening our youth?]. PMID- 705672 TI - [Suicide and the law. Review of legal problems connected with suicide]. PMID- 705673 TI - [Urogenital neoplasms]. PMID- 705674 TI - [The tumors of the kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 705675 TI - [Primary tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter (author's transl)]. PMID- 705676 TI - [Prognosis of advanced hypernephroma especially invading the renal vein or vena cava (author's transl)]. PMID- 705677 TI - [Significance of supravesical urinary diversion in the treatment of bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 705678 TI - [Carcinoma of prostate--the actual diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities (author's transl)]. PMID- 705679 TI - [Cardiovascular complications of oestrogen treatment in prostatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 705680 TI - [The curative treatment of prostatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 705681 TI - [Malignant testicular tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 705682 TI - [Approach to patients with suspected cholestasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 705683 TI - [Surgical, endoscopical and medical treatment of gallstones (author's transl)]. PMID- 705684 TI - [Recent advances in pathogenesis and diagnosis of constitutional hepatic dysfunction (Gilbert's syndrome) (author's transl)]. PMID- 705685 TI - A rapid chromatographic method for quantitation of high molecular weight fibrinogen derivatives in plasma. AB - High molecular weight fibrinogen derivatives were precipitated from 3 ml of plasma by 0.88 M ammonium sulphate. The resuspended precipitate was analyzed by chromatography on a 2.5 x 30 cm glass bead Bio-Gel 5 M column by using a flow rate of 60 cm/hr and continuous effluent monitoring at O. D. 280 nm. Complete elution of fibrinogen occurred in 50 min. Elution profile was handled according to the chromatographic plate theory analysis. Results obtained by our method were not significantly different from those obtained by conventional chromatography. PMID- 705686 TI - Tissue thromboplastin activity of isolated human monocytes. AB - Certain agents that induce spreading of or increased content or release of lysosomal enzymes from human monocytes also induce a dramatic increase in tissue thromboplastin content of the cells. The increase is inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D and does not appear in granulocyte, lymphocyte or platelet populations treated in the same way. The effect of several other substances on the development of monocyte tissue thromboplastin activity is reported. PMID- 705687 TI - The influence of residual factor VII on the sensitivity of brain thromboplastin. AB - One-stage prothrombin times of normal and of factor VII-deficient beagle plasma were determined with two types of beagle brain thromboplastin, one prepared from normal beagles and the other from factor VII-deficient beagles. There was little difference between the reagents in the prothrombin times obtained for normal plasma. However, when factor VII-deficient plasma was tested, reagent prepared from factor VII-deficient beagles gave considerably longer prothrombin times than were obtained with the normal reagent and the difference increased with increasing reagent concentration to a maximum at 140 mg/ml. Prothrombin times of a series of mixtures of normal and factor VII-deficient plasma indicated that the presence of only 1/90 part of normal plasma was necessary to compensate for the difference between the two reagents. Determination of the iron content of the reagent suggested that the microcirculation of an average brain contained some 1.8 g of whole blood. The finding that brain thromboplastin prepared from factor VII-deficient beagles is more sensitive to a deficiency of factor VII in plasma, presumably a result of the smaller quantity of factor VII present in the reagent, is compatible with the known kinetics of extrinsic coagulation. PMID- 705688 TI - The influence of thrombin on the clotting activity of factor VIII. A study with insolubilized thrombin. AB - An investigation of the influence of thrombin on the clotting activity of factor VIII was made. Purified factor VIII and different amounts of thrombin complexed to Sepharose 4 B were mixed and incubated for various periods of time. The factor VIII activities of these incubation mixtures were determined by the one- and two stage analytical procedures in the presence of the thrombin-sepharose and in its absence following the latter removal from the test sample by filtration. The results so obtained confirm the view that thrombin inactivates factor VIII. Evidences for a thrombin-induced potentiation of the factor VIII activity, seen only in the thrombin-sepharose containing test samples analyzed by the one-stage method, are here interpreted as thrombin-effects peculiar to this factor VIII test system and not as potentiation by thrombin of the factor itself. PMID- 705689 TI - The determination of antithrombin III. Comparison of six methods. Effect of oral contraceptive therapy. AB - At III levels measured with six methods in 36 people: 10 healthy controls, 10 women taking a progestagen Lynestrenol and 16 women taking a combined oestrogen progestagen contraceptive pill. The reproducibility and the sensitivity of these methods as well as the correlation between methods were studied. The Hensen and Loeliger technique had a poor reproducibility and the results obtained with the Howie technique were not in good correlation with those obtained with other methods, especially in the group taking oral contraceptives. The two amidolytic methods using chromogenic substrates were found to be very accurate for antithrombin III activity determination. The rocket immunoelectrophoresis was more accurate and more practical than the radial immunodiffusion. With all methods--except the one of Howie--the 10 women taking progestagen Lynestrenol and the 16 taking combined oestrogen-progestagen had a low AT III and differed significantly from the 10 normals tested. No difference was observed between women taking progestagen only or an oestrogen-progestagen combination. PMID- 705690 TI - Inhibition of urokinase by complex formation with human antithrombin III in absence and presence of heparin. AB - Human antithrombin III was purified from fresh human plasma by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, affinity chromatography on concanavalin A Sepharose, gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE A-50 Sephadex and preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. The hydrolytic activity of urokinase (plasminogen activator from urine) on acetyl-glycyl-L lysine methylester acetate (Ac-gly-lys-OMeAc) was inhibited by antithrombin III in a slow time-dependent manner. Heparin accelerated the reaction between activator and inhibitor. Inhibition of catalytic activity was associated with the formation of an 1:1 molar complex between activator and inhibitor as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The complex was also demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against anti-antithrombin III. PMID- 705691 TI - Immunologic studies of antithrombin III heparin cofactor in the newborn. AB - Serial quantitative immunoelectrophoretic (IE) measurements of antithrombin III heparin cofactor (AT III) were made in groups of well and sick newborn infants classified by gestational age. Collection methods (venous vs. capillary) did not influence the results; serum IE measurements were comparable to AT III activity by a clotting method. AT III is gestational age-dependent, increasing from 28.7% of normal adult values at 28--32 weeks to 50.9% at 37--40 weeks, and shows a gradual increase to term infant levels (57.4%) by 3--4 weeks of age. Infants with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) show lower levels of AT III in the 33--36 week group, 22% vs. 44% and in the 37--40 week group, 33.6% vs. 50.9%, then prematures without RDS. Infants of 28--32 week gestational age had only slight differences, RDS = 24%, non-RDS = 28.7%. The lowest levels of AT III were seen in patients with RDS complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and those with necrotizing enterocolitis. Crossed IE on representative infants displayed a consistent pattern which was identical to adult controls except for appropriate decreases in the amplitude of the peaks. The thrombotic complications seen in the sick preterm infant may be related to the low levels of AT III. PMID- 705692 TI - Thrombin generation and neutralization test (TGNT) - a simple, practical, and sensitive assay for plasma heparin quantitation. AB - A simple, quantitative method for detection of small amounts of heparin in human plasma is described. This method is based on the activation of coagulation factor X to its enzymatic form (Xa), by a mixture of RVV platelet substitute (Esnouf and Williams 1962, Esnouf and Jobin 1967) in a plasma rendered fibrinogen free without affecting other clotting factores (Bell et al. 1968, Bell 1973), by Arvin (Ancrod). Activation of factor X, results in thrombin generation. Thrombin inactivation by its natural inhibitors depends on the time elapsed from the start point of activation. The inactivation process is enhanced by heparin (Biggs et al. 1970, Blomback et al. 1963) and this enhancement depends on the quantity of heparin in the plasma. PMID- 705693 TI - Comparison of reagents for determining the activated partial thromboplastin time. AB - Six commercially available reagents for the determination of the activated partial thromboplastin time have been evaluated and compared with respect to their sensitivity to the coagulation factors VIII, IX and XI and to their response to heparin. Some variation was observed among the reagents regarding their sensitivity to factor XI and even greater differences were obtained with factors VIII and IX. It was also clear that none of the reagents was sensitive to the same extent to the factors tested. The sensitivity to heparin shows considerable variation, in terms of time as well as mode of response to increasing heparin levels. In four reagents this response is linear, it is logarithmic in one and the remaining one is yet again different. It seems unlikely that any standardization of the APTT determination is at present possible with the reagents studied. PMID- 705694 TI - Quantitative estimation of coagulation factors in liver disease. The diagnostic and prognostic value of factor XIII, factor V and plasminogen. AB - 20 coagulation parameters were investigated in 144 patients with different liver diseases. The groups of acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were compared and the prognostic value of the coagulation analyses investigated. It is clear that the determination of the factor V activity is a good and easy test for detection of actual liver function. Repeated controls over several weeks revealed with a statistical significance (p less than 0.0005) that all patients with a factor XIII below 35% and a plasminogen below 19% will die in liver coma, if they have not died beforehand from acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage, acute infection or cardiac arrest. Plasminogen is also lower in the group of non-survivors but the values of the two groups are overlapping and of no prognostic help in a single case. The possible causes of the diminution of factor XIII activity are discussed. PMID- 705695 TI - Acquired inhibitors of factor V. AB - The clinical and laboratory data on the 12 patients with an acquired inhibitor to factor V have been reviewed. The degree of clinical bleeding in these patients varied from none to severe, and in most patients the inhibitor was transient. The combination of a markedly prolonged partial thromboplastin time and Quick prothrombin time and failure of normal plasma to correct these tests, in the presence of a normal thrombin and prothrombin and proconvertin time, seems to be pathognomonic for a factor V inhibitor. The inhibitors have physicochemical properties of immunoglobulins and a few have been characterized as polyclonal IgG antibodies or a mixture of IgM and IgG antibodies. The etiology and pathophysiologic mechanism of their development is unknown, but there seems to be a close relationship to major surgery. When tested with inhibitor plasma, the plasmas from 9 patients with hereditary factor V deficiency from 7 unrelated families did not contain factor V antibody-neutralizing material. PMID- 705696 TI - Treatment of congenital factor VII deficiency with a new concentrate. AB - A new factor VII concentrate, made from ACD plasma by a process involving successive absorptions of cryoprecipitate supernatant on DEAE Sephadex and of the resulting supernatant on A1(OH)3, was administered to 10 patients with severe factor VII deficiency. 5 patients received only one dose for treatment of a single bleeding episode, the remaining 5 were given multiple infusions (47) for spontaneous hemorrhages or for the prevention of surgical bleeding. In vivo factor VII recovery ranged from 43 to 126% (average 88%) of the assayed in vitro activity of the concentrate. A dose of 0.5 u/kg was found to produce a 1% rise of the plasma factor VII levels. The mean half-life on injected factor VII as assessed in 7 kinetic studies was 205 min (range 168--234). Spontaneous bleeding was easily controlled by the concentrate and major surgical procedures (two tonsillectomies) could be performed without complications. 1 patient developed HBSAg positive hepatitis, but otherwise no serious side effects were observed. Factor VII concentrate reduced the risk of precipitating circulatory overload associated with the use of plasma and avoids the unnecessary rise of factor II, IX and X which follows prothrombin complex concentrates. PMID- 705697 TI - The effects of an increase in endogenous oestrogen on the haemostatic mechanism. AB - The effects on the haemostatic mechanism of rises in circulating human oestrogen in a group of women being treated for infertility with pituitary hormones were studied. Despite large but brief rises in oestrogen levels no changes were found. PMID- 705698 TI - Blood platelets as a possible source of creatine kinase in rat plasma and serum. AB - The creatine kinase (CK) activity in rat plasma was found to be correlated with that in serum or platelets. Rat serum contained higher activity not only of CK but also of lactate dehydrogenase than the corresponding plasma. The plasma CK activity decreased with increasing age of rats. Only the brain-type isoenzyme of CK was found in plasma, serum and platelets. Contamination of brain-type with muscle-type isoenzyme was detected in rather exceptional cases in which the activity was high among old rats. These results suggest the possible contribution of blood platelets to the CK activity of circulating plasma as well as to the activity in serum in rats. PMID- 705699 TI - Creatine phosphate in rat blood platelets. AB - Creatine phosphate (CP) was found in rat platelets by an assay method devised to increase the specificity and sensitivity. In this method, radioactivity of [14C]ATP was measured after the reaction of CP with [14C]ADP in the presence of creatine kinase. The mean value of the CP content in rat platelets was 24.8 nmoles per 10(9) platelets. Since the molar ratio of CP and ATP was 1:2.6, it is probable that CP plays a role in the energy metabolism of rat platelets. PMID- 705700 TI - Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in platelets. A review. PMID- 705701 TI - The role of prostaglandins in the ADP-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets shown by the use of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. AB - The initial shape change and subsequent aggregation of platelets in citrated rabbit platelet-rich plasma caused by ADP in vitro was inhibited by 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. This inhibition was NAD-dependent and was also seen when shape change and aggregation were initiated by sodium arachidonate or by collagen. The aggregation of gel-filtered rabbit platelets by thrombin was not, however, affected by removal of 15-hydroxyprostaglandins. Indomethacin was found to inhibit ADP-induced aggregation but at a concentration (250 micron) much higher than that required to inhibit collagen-induced aggregation. Moreover the platelet release reaction had not taken place 3 min after ADP stimulation. The direct role 15-hydroxyprostaglandin production in ADP-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets is proposed. The involvement of 15-hydroxyprostaglandins in platelet aggregation caused by other inducers is also discussed. PMID- 705702 TI - Thrombocytopenia induced in mice by thromboplastin infusion--essential role of the third complement component. PMID- 705703 TI - Plasminogen activator levels in plasma and urine during exercise and oral contraceptive use. AB - The effect of Demulen (ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg and ethynodiol diacetate 1 mg) and exercise on the level of plasminogen activators was studied in 25 women (12 controls and 13 contraceptive users). Plasma plasminogen activator level was increased by the use of the oral contraceptive and further increased by exercise. Urine plasminogen activator level was unchanged by the use of Demulen but, in both groups of subjects, was decreased by exercise. PMID- 705704 TI - Fibrinolysis in decidual spiral arteries in late pregnancy. AB - The fibrinolytic activity of the intimal cells of decidual spiral arteries and the syncytium of placental villi was studied by electron microscopy in ten normal full-term human pregnancies using a modification of the fibrin slide technique. Endothelial cells lining the intima of the decidual spiral arteries showed a considerably greater fibrinolytic activity than intimal cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast showed no activity. The replacement of endothelial cells by an intimal lining of cytotrophoblast, and the presence of cytotrophoblast in the media, appears to play an important role in the reduction of the fibrinolytic activity of the vessel. This inhibition of fibrinolytic activity in the utero placental arteries may be the physiological mechanism which controls fibrin deposition in these vessels and on the placental villi. PMID- 705705 TI - Report of the task force on clinical use of snake venom enzymes. PMID- 705706 TI - Thrombocytes or spindle cells? PMID- 705707 TI - Thrombotic tendency and probable antithrombin III deficiency. PMID- 705708 TI - Patient's age and the activated partial thromboplastin time test. PMID- 705709 TI - Intermittent administration of streptokinase. PMID- 705710 TI - Substrate specificity of leukocyte and platelet elastases. PMID- 705711 TI - Thromboembolism following prothrombin complex concentrates and major surgery in severe liver disease. PMID- 705712 TI - [Nature and medicine]. PMID- 705713 TI - [Cyklokapron in the treatment of neoplasms]. PMID- 705714 TI - [Safety in drug therapy--theory and practice]. PMID- 705715 TI - [Nature and medicine. Reflections on a current topic]. PMID- 705717 TI - [Mediastinal neoplasms. A 20-year series]. PMID- 705716 TI - [Digitalis and antiarrhythmic drugs. Pharmacokinetics in normal individuals and in patients with cardiac failure]. PMID- 705718 TI - [Weber-Christian disease]. PMID- 705719 TI - [Retained common duct stones after biliary surgery. Analysis of a 3-year series]. PMID- 705720 TI - [Surgery or conservative therapy of herniated lumbar disk? A long-term study]. PMID- 705721 TI - [Digitalis and antiarrhythmic agents. Interaction, inotropic and electrophysiological effects]. PMID- 705722 TI - [Depressive conditions, Diagnosis and drug therapy]. PMID- 705723 TI - [Bronchial asthma and anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 705724 TI - [Micturition disorders due to ephedrine and other adrenergics]. PMID- 705725 TI - [New ways in the therapy of myocardial infarction? Use of naturally existing chemicals]. PMID- 705726 TI - [Laetrile--the history of a "medicinal plant"]. PMID- 705727 TI - [Have the folk medicine's ash extracts any effect on neoplasms?]. PMID- 705728 TI - [Hemorrhoids]. PMID- 705730 TI - [Lactation inhibition by drugs]. PMID- 705729 TI - [Oral contraceptives and cervix uteri cancer]. PMID- 705731 TI - [Breast feeding, human milk and perinatal medicine]. PMID- 705732 TI - [Board practice before and after the new abortion act of June 13, 1975. A comparison of boards in Oslo during 1971/1972, and 1975 and 1976]. PMID- 705733 TI - [Induction of abortion with prostaglandins]. PMID- 705734 TI - [Neonatal abstinence syndrome in children whose mothers were treated for epilepsy during pregnancy]. PMID- 705735 TI - [Cystic fibrosis in infants]. PMID- 705736 TI - [Diphtheria--still a current disease]. PMID- 705737 TI - [Vesicovaginal fistulas]. PMID- 705738 TI - [Treatment of internal hemorrhoids by rubber band ligation]. PMID- 705739 TI - [Acute epiglottitis in adults]. PMID- 705740 TI - [Anterior compartment syndrome. Acute and chronic form]. PMID- 705741 TI - Health care for pets. AB - Health care for pets cannot develop satisfactorily without a proper structure. Support for practising veterinarians who provide second- and third-line care will continue to be inadequate unless a structure with built-in financial arrangements is introduced. If practising veterinarians do not pass on the costs of specialist help in full to the owners of pets, this form of service will decrease when the number of veterinarians rises to too high a level. Such a development would also threaten the advance of scientific research with regard to pets. PMID- 705742 TI - Awakening ethics. PMID- 705743 TI - Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma in a cat. AB - An 11-year-old spayed cat was presented with clinical signs suggestive of hyperadrenocorticism. Adrenocortical function was assessed by dexamethasone suppression and by stimulation with ACTH and the results provided a tentative diagnosis of adrenocortical tumour. Via laparotomy (paracostal approach), the enlarged right adrenal gland was removed. Histopathological diagnosis was adrenocortical adenoma. PMID- 705744 TI - Cryosurgery of eosinophilic ulcers in cats. AB - The use of cryosurgery in treatment of eosinophilic granuloma in cats is described. Satisfactory results were obtained in 14 of 19 cats and 4 of the 5 cats which did not respond favorably, had multiple lesions. The simplicity of the technique and the rapidity of healing make cryosurgery a useful alternative to previous methods of treatment. PMID- 705745 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of hemodilution with different diluents. AB - Hemodilution was performed with the crystalloid Ringer's lactate (n = 6) and the colloid Haemaccel (n = 5) in dogs during automatically controlled total cardiopulmonary bypass with constant arterial and venous pressures. Single observations were made with Macrodex and Rheomacrodex hemodilution. Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were used as parameters for hemodilution. Total plasma protein proved to be unsuitable. The volume needed to induce the same level of hemodilution with lactated Ringer's and Haemaccel was twice the volume needed with Macrodex and Rheomacrodex. The volume shift from intravascular to extravascular was larger during Ringer's lactate hemodilution than during Haemaccel hemodilution. The amount of volume shift was clearly related to changes in colloid osmotic pressure. Lowering of total peripheral vascular resistance, with increased arterial line flow during controlled constant arterial and venous pressures was seen during hemodilution with each of the above materials. Potassium and calcium concentrations in the blood increased significantly during hemodilution with Haemaccel. Base excess was constant during hemodilution with lactated Ringer's but decreased in all other cases. A decrease in oxygen consumption was common, and most pronounced during hemodilution with Haemaccel. PMID- 705746 TI - The clinical refractometer: a useful tool for the determination of specific gravity and osmolality in canine urine. AB - For the determination of specific gravity of canine urine the urinometer is often used. An alternative method is based on refractometry. Both methods were compared and a table for converting refractometer values to urinometer values is given. The refractometer was also compared with an osmometer. A linear relation was found between the readings of both instruments. The results clearly indicate that the refractometric method is very suitable for the small animal practitioner. The instrument appears to be a good alternative for both the urinometer and the osmometer. PMID- 705747 TI - What is your diagnosis? PMID- 705748 TI - Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in two cats. AB - Esophageal carcinomas in two cats are described. The main clinical sign was regurgitation of food and fluids. Radiographic examination revealed severe esophageal abnormalities in both cats. In the second cat, the radiographic appearance of the esophagus together with the esophagoscopic findings provided a presumptive diagnosis of neoplasia. Histologic examination in both cats revealed squamous cell carcinoma with metastases. PMID- 705749 TI - Hereditary retinal dysplasia (RD) in a family of Yorkshire terriers. AB - The clinical, pathological and genealogical features of Retinal Dysplasia in a family of Yorkshire terrriers were studied. The ocular changes were characterized by retinal detachment and retinal neovascularization. Dogs of three litters and their sire were affected. RD was suspected to be inherited as a recessive trait. PMID- 705750 TI - Secondary bone tumours: a case report. AB - Intermittent pain and hyperthermia were the major signs in a ten-year-old male Kerry Blue terrier. Extensive radiologic examination of the skeleton revealed no abnormalities. Gamma camera imaging of the skeleton revealed multiple foci of increased uptake of a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. Histologic examination of a bone biopsy provided a tentative diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Therapy with antibiotics was not successful. At autopsy, anaplastic carcinoma was found in the liver, spleen, several lymph nodes, ribs, both humeri, both femurs and almost all vertebrae. PMID- 705751 TI - Urovagina associated with female pseudohermaphroditism in four bitches from one litter. AB - Four littermates with pseudo-hermaphroditismus ovarialis are described. Each had passive urinary incontinence caused by a urovagina. Clinical and radiographic examination and the surgical treatment are described. Results, follow-up and etiology are discussed. PMID- 705752 TI - Exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of diffuse mesothelioma in the dog. Illustration by a case report. AB - This report deals with a dog which was presented for ascites that appeard to be related to fluid accumulation in the pericardium. Subsequent to resection of the pericardium the ascites disappeared but a few months later there was fluid accumulation in the thorax. Cytological examination of the thoracic fluid revealed the cell aggregates ("cell balls") which are indicative of mesothelioma and this diagnosis was confirmed by the autopsy findings. The initial cytological diagnosis on the pericardial fluid, which was not in agreement with the histology of the excised pericardium, is also discussed. PMID- 705753 TI - Heartworm infected dogs in the Netherlands. AB - Heartworm infected small animal patients are seldom seen in the Netherlands, because the parasite's life cycle cannot be completed in this climate. We report here four cases of the disease in dogs brought to the Netherlands from endemic heartworm areas. The initial diagnosis was based upon this knowledge and clinical signs (low exercise tolerance and coughing). The diagnosis was confirmed by the radiographic finding of variable pulmonary artery enlargement, the electrocardiographic finding of right ventricular hyperptrophy and the presence of microfilariae in the peripheral blood. Treatment resulted in recovery in three of these patients but the fourth died soon after initiation of the therapy. PMID- 705754 TI - Quantitation of lysozyme in the urine of the dog for the diagnosis of proximal tubular damage in renal disease. AB - The serum and urine LZM levels were determined with the lysoplate assay in 26 normal experimental dogs and in 21 dogs with various renal diseases. In the dogs with decreased glomerular filtration the serum LZM levels were higher than in normal dogs (less than or equal to 1.3 mg/l). No LZM could be demonstrated in the urine of normal dogs. The presence of LZM in urine was associated with proximal tubular damage, which indicates that LZM-uria can be used as an index of renal tubular damage. PMID- 705755 TI - Pyogranulomatous swellings in the submandibular region of the dog, caused by Actinomyces spp. AB - Seven dogs with actinomycotic submandibular abscess, probably caused by penetrating wounds in the oral cavity, are described. Antibiotic treatment alone, or in combination with paracentesis, failed in all cases. Recurrences and dissemination were avoided in five of the seven cases by complete removal of the abscess, long-term drainage, flushing with 1% Polyvidon iodine and long-term antibiotic treatment. The main difficulty was a poorly defined margin of the abscess; this made complete removal impossible in three cases. In two of these there were recurrences, but in the third there was complete healing after the second treatment. PMID- 705756 TI - [Conditions of management and the construction of piggeries on pig-fattening farms as factors in the incidence of diseases of the lung and liver in slaughtered pigs (author's transl)]. AB - All pigs passing along the slaughter-line in the slaughter-house of the Livestock and Meat Board of the Christian Farmers' Association of the Province of North Brabant are examined for the presence of lesions of the lung and liver. The proportions of animals without any severe lesions of the lungs and livers and the proportions of those with affected lungs, affected livers, condemned livers and pleurisy are reported every three months. Under the Animal Health Service of the Province of North Brabant, investigations were carried out on 251 farms with less than 10 per cent and 251 farm with more than 25 per cent of the animals with severe lesions of the lungs to study the effect of conditions of management on the incidence of diseases of the lung and liver. Among others, this produced the following results:--The average proportions of affected livers and those of the proportions of cases of pleurisy were higher, whereas the daily growth rate of each pig and the carcass quality were lower.--Slaughtered pigs with lesions of the lung and/or liver showed a significantly smaller daily growth rate during the fattening period. In pigs with pleurisy, retardation of growth was also observed on the breeding farm.--The proportion of affected lungs and livers is significantly affected by a number of factors on the farm. Among others, the following factors were found to be of importance: adopting the all in--all out system, removals, the origin of the piglets, the number of pigs in each compartment of the pig house and the construction of the piggery (width of pig house and slatted floor). Taking these factors into account, a "transverse housing system" is recommended. PMID- 705757 TI - [Salmonella in scrapings from meat vans (author's transl)]. AB - Throughout a period of thirteen years (from 1965 to 1977 inclusive), samples of scrapings from meat vans were examined weekly for the presence of Salmonella. Samples were collected from the vans on the precincts of the public slaughter house in Groningen. Of the total number of 6,751 samples studied, 213 (3.16 per cent) were positive for the presence of Salmonella. During the period from 1965 to 1970, the proportions of contaminated samples gradually decreased from 4.85 to 1.11 per cent, whereas it increased again up to 6.33 per cent in 1976. There was a limited seasonal effect on contamination of the scrapings with Salmonella, the highest rates of contamination being recorded during the period from May to October inclusive (warm and humid season). The serotypes most frequently isolated on examination were S. typhi-murium, S. brandenburg and S. panama. These serotypes were also constantly found to be present in other material such as samples of minced meat and scrapings from slaughter-house and butcher's shops. It is concluded that contaminated meat vans are a factor in maintaining cycles of contamination by Salmonella organisms in a rather large area. PMID- 705758 TI - [Some aspects of veterinary education, viewed in the light of alterations of structure and renewal of programmes (author's transl)]. AB - Attention having been paid to various aspects of the rapid expansion which scientific education has shown during the past few decades, the various structural changes in veterinary education are discussed. A number of methods are suggested, which may help in attaining the objectives. PMID- 705759 TI - [Campylobacter infections, a zoonoisis?]. PMID- 705760 TI - [Current diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma]. PMID- 705762 TI - Acute pancreatitis--a review. PMID- 705761 TI - [A case of gelatinous ascites caused by a peritoneal mesothelioma]. PMID- 705763 TI - Liver cirrhosis and steatosis comparison of the severity of biochemical changes. PMID- 705764 TI - The value of endoscopic biopsies in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. PMID- 705765 TI - [Cosmopolitan Giardia lamblia]. PMID- 705766 TI - A new H-2-linked mutation, rds, causing retinal degeneration in the mouse. PMID- 705767 TI - HLA and thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease) in Chinese. AB - HLA locus A and B typing was performed on 86 Chinese thyrotoxicosis (Graves' Disease) patients and 238 normal Chinese subjects. The frequency of HLA-Bw46 (Sin 2) was found to be significantly higher among the patients than controls (x2 = 26.15, corrected P less than .003, relative risk = 3.74). The risk associated with Bw46 was reflected in the Bw46 heterozygotes. The relative risks of the joint occurrence of Bw46/B40 and Bw46/B13 were 8.74 and 5.88 respectively. PMID- 705768 TI - Alzheimer's disease and HLA. AB - Thrity-four unrelated patients with Alzheimer's disease were typed for HLA-A, -B and -C serological determinants. HLA-Cw3 was increased over control antigen frequencies. This difference lost significance when corrected for the number of antigens tested. PMID- 705769 TI - HLA-A, -B, -C and -D antigens in male patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - HLA-A, -B, -C and -D antigens were determined in 54 male Myasthenia Gravis patients. A significant increase of the B8 antigen frequency was found among patients with an onset of the disease before the age of 35. No significant increase was found among the D antigens. In a combined male and female material with an early age at onset, thymic hyperplasia was correlated to the presence of HLA-B8. PMID- 705770 TI - HLA and glioma. AB - HLA typing of 80 glioma patients was determined and the antigen frequencies were compared with 176 normal controls. Increased phenotypic frequencies of Bw35 and DRw1 were observed, but when P values were corrected by the number of antigens tested (35), the results were no longer significant. PMID- 705771 TI - PTA deficiency and MHC. PMID- 705772 TI - The HLA system and primary open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 705773 TI - HLA antigens and neuroblastoma. PMID- 705774 TI - HLA antigens in Perthes' disease. PMID- 705775 TI - The affected sib pair IBD distribution for HLA-linked disease susceptibility genes. AB - The distribution of identity by descent (IBD) scores for sib pairs affected with a disease determined by a disease susceptibility (DS) locus tightly linked to the HLA complex is derived. It is shown that the sib pair IBD distribution differs from its a priori distribution and, moreover, is completely specified by three observable population parameters--the additive and dominance variances and the prevalence of the disease in the population. An application of the model is illustrated using data on juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 705776 TI - Secretin-like bioactivity in the duodenal mucosa in patients with peptic ulcer and chronic pancreatitis. AB - Biopsy specimens of the duodenal mucosa were assayed to determine their secretin like activity in 9 controls, 9 patients with gastric ulcer, 19 patients with duodenal ulcer, 4 patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer, and 13 patients with chronic pancreatitis. The bioassay of secretin was done on the pancreatic secretion in anesthetized rats. The sensitivity was in the orcer of 0.0625 CHR unit/rat (4 ng/rat). In the range between 0.0625 and 0.5 CHR units a satisfactory dose dependency was recognized. The following results were obtained. 1) The level of duodenal mucosal secretin-like activity in patients with gastric ulcer was the same as that in the controls, but was elevated in 32% of the patients with duodenal ulcer, 50% of those with gastric and duodenal ulcer, and 8% of those with chronic pancreatitis. 2) The high level of secretin-like activity noted in patients with duodenal ulcer was suspected to be related to the hypersecretion of gastric acid which is characteristic of this disease, but there was no correlation between gastric acid secretion and secretin-like activity in the duodenal mucosa. PMID- 705777 TI - Age-related changes of glomerular basement membrane in normal rats. AB - The structural changes of the renal glomeruli in development and aging were investigated by electron microscopy in normal rats from 4 to 36 weeks of age at 4 weeks intervals after birth. Infantile rats had an uneven glomerular basement membrane which was characterized by double-layered or mossy appearances of the lamina densa. On the other hand, diffuse and hemispherical thickenings of the basement membrane were observed in older rats. These thickenings were due to the accumulation of basement membrane materials on the epithelial side of the lamina densa. In the older rats, laminae rarae interna and externa were extremely thin. Epithelial cells of the young rat had abundant cytoplasmic organelles and relatively electron-lucent secretory bodies, whereas those of the older rat had less numerous cytoplasmic organelles, many myelinated bodies suggesting autophagosomes, and electron-dense whorl-formed secretory bodies. Mesangial regions of the young rat took small parts of the glomeruli and loosely contacted with endothelial cells. With increasing age, the mesangial matrix also took a greater part of the mesangial regions. The most even figure of the basement membrane was observed in 12 to 16 week old rats. PMID- 705778 TI - Increased weight and protein contents of the aorta and left ventricle in acute Goldblatt hypertension. AB - The weight and protein contents of the aorta and left ventricle were measured in rabbits with two-kidney or one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension (group 2H and group 1H) and in respective control animals (group 2C and group 1C). 14 days after a renal artery constriction the protein contents of the aorta were greater in group 2H (124+/-3 mg) than in group 2C (95+/-2 mg) (p less than 0.001) and in group 1H (124+/-5 mg) than in group 1C (102+/-4 mg) (p less than 0.001). The weight and protein contents of the aorta and of the left ventricle were also significantly greater in group 1H and group 2H than in group 1C and group 2C respectively. Furthermore in both types of hypertension the weight and protein contents of these two organs significantly correlated to the blood pressure. These results indicate that hypertrophy of the aorta as well as the left ventricle develops already in early developing stage of Goldblatt hypertension. PMID- 705779 TI - Quantitative estimation of age-related thickening of glomerular basement membrane in normal rats. AB - Constant age-related increases in the width of glomerular basement membrane of normal rats were ascertained by quantitative estimation on electron micrographs. The thickness of glomerular basement membrane associated with aging was expressed by a regression equation; Y=0.03X+0.96 (Y, thickness of the glomerular basement membrane in 10(3) X A; X, rat's age in weeks), and the correlation coefficient between age and basement membrane thickness was very high (r=0.95). Standard deviation of the average thickness of glomerular basement membrane also increased with aging. Individual variation in various age groups was large in the infantile and older groups, while it was smallest in the group of 16 weeks of age. Frequency distribution curves of the thickness of basement membrane in the infantile and young rats were steep, whereas those in the older rats were blunt. The peak of curves of the older rats shifted to the right. PMID- 705780 TI - Editorial. The education of a toxicologist. PMID- 705781 TI - Effect of carboxylesterase inhibitors on the acute hepatotoxicity of esters of allyl alcohol. PMID- 705782 TI - Excretion and tissue distribution of radioactivity from tritium-labeled T-2 toxin in chicks. PMID- 705783 TI - Teratogenicity studies on linuron, malathion, and methoxychlor in rats. PMID- 705784 TI - The beagle dog as an animal model for marihuana smoking studies. PMID- 705785 TI - Hepatic peroxisome (microbody) proliferation in rats fed plasticizers and related compounds. PMID- 705786 TI - Renal tubular transport of cadmium-metallothionein. PMID- 705788 TI - Evidence for induction of germinal aplasia in male rats by environmental exposure to boron. PMID- 705787 TI - Effect of alteration of rat hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity on the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). PMID- 705789 TI - Effect of cadmium administration on growth, excretion, and tissue accumulation of cadmium and histological alterations in calcium-sufficient and- deficient rats: an equalized feeding study. PMID- 705790 TI - The pharmacokinetics of [14C]vinylidene chloride in rats following inhalation exposure. PMID- 705791 TI - Effect of tin on calcium content in the bile of rats. PMID- 705792 TI - Endocrine effects of cannabis in male rats. PMID- 705793 TI - Resistance of the guinea pig to indomethacin ulcerogenesis. PMID- 705794 TI - Comparative effects of dietary parathion on the activities of cholinesterase and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in rat plasma. PMID- 705795 TI - Toxicology of helium diving environments: protective effects of raised He pressure on cholinergic activation in ganglia. PMID- 705796 TI - Long-term fate of [14C]nicotine in the mouse: retention in the bronchi, melanin containing tissues and urinary bladder wall. AB - N-methyl-14C and 2'-14C-labelled nicotine were used for whole-body autoradiographic distribution studies on C57BL- and NMRI-mice. Radioactivity was retained in the melanin-containing tissues, in the bronchial walls, and in the urinary bladder wall, up to 1 month after administration. The activity levels in the bronchi decreased faster if [2'(14)C] nicotine was used. Quantitative measurements of the retention of the 2 14C-labelled nicotine preparations confirmed the autoradiographic findings. It is proposed that nicotine is N demthylated in the bronchial mucosa, the off-coming methyl group being incorporated into the cell constituents of the mucosa. Thin-layer chromatographic studies showed that no nicotine was present in the lungs after 24 h. In melanin, however, only unmetabolized nicotine was found from 4 h on. Some reactive nicotine metabolites may be responsible for the retention in the urinary bladder wall. Also in the full-term fetuses radioactivity accumulated in the pigmented eyes and in the respiratory tract. The accumulation and long-term retention of nicotine in the melanin-containing structures might accelerate the development of drug-induced or senile changes in these tissues. The retention in the urinary bladder wall persisted even after rinsing. This may indicate an accumulatory mechanism worth considering in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. PMID- 705797 TI - [Action of detergent products in the aquatic larvae of Chaoborus and Cloen: importance of their physiological activity (author's transl)]. AB - For the Chaoborus larvae (Diptera), the toxic effect of detergents depend on their physiological activity: the diapausing animals are less sensitive. On other respects, the speed of this effect is linked to the chemical composition of the detergents. For the Cloeon larvae (Ephemeroptera) these products seem to interfere with the molting process: some of them induce a decrease in the molting frequency, others are without effect; on the other hand a commercial washing powder induces a real increase of this frequency. PMID- 705798 TI - Inhalation toxicity studies on cigarette smoke (VI). 6-week comparative experiments using modified flue-cured cigarettes: histopathology of the lung. AB - Rats were exposed twice daily for 6 weeks to diluted smoke derived from cigarettes with a range of deliveries of particulate matter. The inhaled smoke reached the alveolar surface, increased the size and number of free macrophages and provoked epithelial metaplasia but did not appear to alter the lymphoid reaction to spontaneous infection. The hypertrophy of the macrophages was typically alveolar and their hyperplasia was directly proportional to the particulate delivery of cigarettes smoked. Alveolar metaplasia was incipient, developed characteristically near the respiratory bronchiole in close association with macrophage clusters and only in rats exposed to smoke from cigarettes with the highest delivery of particulate matter. PMID- 705799 TI - Inhalation toxicity studies on cigarette smoke (VII). 6-week comparative experiments using modified flue-cured cigarettes: histopathology of the conducting airways. AB - Rats were exposed twice daily for 6 weeks to diluted smoke derived from cigarettes with a range of deliveries of particulate matter. The inhaled smoke caused squamous metaplasia and keratinising hyperplasia in the larynx and goblet cell hyperplasia in the nasal cavity, trachea and intrapulmonary bronchus. Squamous metaplasia occurred in the larynx of almost all rats exposed to smoke but never in their tracheas or bronchi. The degree of reaction observed for the other responses, except goblet cell hyperplasia in the trachea, was positively related, by quantitative microscopy, to the particulate delivery of cigarettes. These findings, together with other smoke-induced changes which occur in the pulmonary alveoli, provide a basis for the short-term bioassay of inhalation toxicity of cigarette smoke. PMID- 705800 TI - Increased carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity after low-level ethanol consumption. AB - Male rats provided with a 5 or 15% (v/v) ethanol solution as the sole source of fluid consumed ethanol at a rate of 11.4 or 24.9% of total calories (4.2 or 8.3 g/kg daily). After ethanol consumption lasting 1, 2 and 3 weeks the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 (0.1 ml/kg i.p.) was elevated by determination of serum activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ( GPT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and histological investigations. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage was significantly greater in rats provided with ethanol than in the tap-water consuming controls. This potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicicty was fully developed already after a 1-week exposition to ethanol and was greater in the 15% than in the 5% ethanol group. Ethanol alone did not influence serum enzyme activities but increased microsomal aniline hydroxylation. There was, however, no clear-cut parallelism between potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity and activation of aniline hydroxylation. PMID- 705801 TI - Long-term toxicity of diethyl carbonate in mice. AB - Groups of 48 male and 50 female mice were given drinking-water containing 0, 50, 250 or 1000 ppm diethyl carbonate for 83 weeks. There was no effect on mortality, rate of body-weight gain or the incidence of histopathological findings, including tumors. There were isolated differences between treated and control mice in the findings of the haematological examinations and in the liver weights of female mice but these were not considered to be related treatment. It is concluded that no carcinogenic effect could be detected and that the no-untoward effect level is 1000 ppm (approx. 140 mg/kg/day). PMID- 705802 TI - Inhalative cadmium effects in pregnant and fetal rats. PMID- 705803 TI - Effects of vinyl chloride exposure alone and in combination with trypan blue- applied systematically during all thirds of pregnancy on the fetuses of CFY rats. AB - Vinyl chloride (VC) has been shown to be present in the fetal and maternal blood as well as in the amniotic fluid after the exposition of pregnant CFY rats to VC at an atmospheric concentration of 5500, 18 000 or 33 000 mg/m3 (approximately 2000, 7000 or 12 000 ppm) for 2.5 h on the 18th day of pregnancy, indicating the permeability of the placenta to the agent. Teratological investigation of the offspring of pregnant rats exposed continuously to VC at an atmospheric concentration of 4000 mg/m3 air (1500 ppm) during the first, second or last third of pregnancy has shown that VC has no teratological effect in the rat and has no embryotoxic effects either, when applied during the second or last third of pregnancy in the above concentration. Exposition to VC during the first third of pregnancy resulted in an increased fetal mortality and in the manifestation of embryotoxic effects. Fetal losses and induction of central nervous system malformation due to trypan blue administration were not potentiated by a combined exposure of pregnant rats to VC and the dye. PMID- 705804 TI - Embryotoxic effects of benzene and its methyl derivatives: toluene, xylene. AB - CFY rats were exposed to inhalation of 1000 mg/m3 (313ppm) benzene, 1500 mg/m3 (399 ppm) toluene, or 1000 mg/m3 (230 ppm) xylene for 24 h/day from day 9 to day 14 of pregnancy; to that of 1500 mg/m3 (399 ppm) toluene for 24 h/day from day 1 to day 8 of pregnancy, or 1000 mg/m3 (266 ppm) toluene for 8 h/day from day 1 to day 21 of pregnancy,. CFLP mice were exposed to inhalation of 500 mg/m3 (133 ppm) toluene for 24 h/day from day 6 to day 13 of pregnancy. Untreated animals and groups inhaling pure air served as controls. None of the solvents proved to be teratogenic, the incidence of malformations did not change as a result of exposure, though an increase in skeletal anomalies (extra ribs, fused sternebrae) was observed with all 3 solvents. Benzene and toluene also caused considerable retardation of fetal development. The growth retarding effect of toluene on fetal development in early pregnancy is of particular importance from the point of view of occupational hygiene. PMID- 705805 TI - Effects of chronic inhalation of dimethyl ether in the rat. AB - Dimethyl ether (DME) is a colourless gas with an ethereal odour. It is used mainly as a liquid refrigerant and an aerosol dispersant. Little or no data exist on the toxicology of this material. In the present study, groups of male and female rats were exposed to 0.02%, 0.2% and 2% v/v of DME in air, 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 30 weeks. At the end of the study the high-dose level male rats showed a significant reduction on liver weight compared with the control group; this was accompanied by raising SGPT levels. In high-dose female rats there was no significant effect on liver weight but the SGPT levels were raised above control values. No histological abnormalities were observed in the liver or in any other organ. PMID- 705806 TI - [Experimental differentiation in animals of oral and inhaled lead burden from combined absorption of industrial emissions]. AB - Trials in sheep and rabbits were performed in an area of industrial immissions in the summer months of 1974--1976, to differentiate oral and inhalative lead actions. The animals lived at different distances and in different directions from a lead emitting factory. Hematological and biochemical assays showed that only the measure of the activity of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase produces most significant results of the inhalative influences of lead. To state effects after oral ingestions the estimation of ALA-D and of free erythrocyte porphyrines were suitable. The inhalation of air with lead content between 2 and 14 micrograms/m3 reduced the activity of ALA-D, if the lead content of feed did not exceed the value of 35 ppm. After feeding a lead concentration of more than 35 ppm, the influence of the inhalative action was superposed by the action of the oral intake. The inhalative action can only be demonstrated after a low oral intake. The results indicate that inhalative actions of lead can be proven in an open field area around a lead emitting factory. PMID- 705807 TI - Mortality from leading types of accidents. PMID- 705808 TI - Trends in disability among males. PMID- 705809 TI - Infant mortality in the United States. PMID- 705810 TI - Hazards in quarrying and metallic and nonmetallic mineral mining. PMID- 705811 TI - Gains in longevity continue. PMID- 705812 TI - Measurement of fecal bile acid excretion in gnotobiotic rats: comparison of gas liquid chromatography and [4(-14C)] cholesterol isotopic equilibrium. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography (G.L.C.) and the method of [4(-14C)] cholesterol isotopic equilibrium (C.I.E.) were used to determine the fecal bile acid excretion in gnotobiotic rats. The same samples were submitted to both methods. In these conditions, it was observed that the fecal bile acid excretions determined by G.L.C. were 38% of lower than when determined by C.I.E. In thin layer chromatographic analyses (T.L.C.) of the bile acid extracts obtained from rats in which a [4(-14C)] cholesterol isotopic equilibrium was established, 33 to 35% of the radioactivity of this fraction was not observed in the rat primary bile acids. No bile acids could be observed in G.L.C. made with eluates obtained from the T.L.C. areas containing this radioactivity. It therefore appears that the difference observed in the results obtained by G.L.C. and C.I.E. is due to the fact that chemical species which are not measured by the former method can be determined by the latter one. T.L.C. analyses of bile acid extracts from axenic rats in which either a [26(-14C)] cholesterol or a [2,4(-3H)] cholic acid and [24(-14C)] chenodeoxycholic acid equilibrium were established, lead to the conclusion that the chemical composition of these undetermined substances is complex: part of these substances comes from the transformation of bile acids; another part is made of molecules which maintain the 26(-14C) of cholesterol. PMID- 705813 TI - Corticosteroid receptors in the avian kidney. AB - The binding in vitro of tritiated aldosterone to domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) kidney tissue has been investigated. Using tissue from animals on a normal diet, tritiated aldosterone was specifically bound to kidney cytosol with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of about 9 nM and number of binding sites in the 20 fmol/mg protein range. These values did not show statistically significant changes when the cytosol originated from animals with salt activated nasal glands. Kidney cytosols labeled with tritiated aldosterone sedimented with a single peak at 8S in a linear sucrose gradient (10--30%) and this peak was quenched by excess, radioinert aldosterone. Following incubation of labeled cytosols with crude nuclei, the cytosols became depleted of the label and aldosterone was translocated to the Tris-soluble and Tris-insoluble, 0.4 M KC1 soluble nuclear fractions. Kidney cytosols metabolized aldosterone extensively to a compound presumed to be 3alpha,5beta-tetrahydroaldosterone. However, only unchanged aldosterone became receptor-bound. It was concluded that the duck kidney possesses aldosterone receptors, though competition studies indicated that the specificity of these receptors might be different from those described in the mammalian kidney. PMID- 705814 TI - Angiotensin stimulates cortisol biosynthesis in human adrenal cells in vitro. AB - Adrenal glands obtained from patients undergoing therapeutic adrenalectomy were used to study the effects of angiotensin on human adrenal steroidogenesis. It was observed that angiotensin stimulated cortisol biosynthesis. Although this has been demonstrated to occur in canine and bovine adrenals, angiotens in-induced cortisol biosynthesis has not been established in man. The possibility that angiotensin merely stimulated glomerulosa cells to secrete precursor steroids which accumulated in the medium and then diffused into fasciculata cells to provide substrate for cortisol biosynthesis was excluded by demonstrating that 3beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one (pregnenolone) and progesterone (the only pertinent precursors) did not accumulate in angiotensin-stimulated cell suspension. In addition, angiotensin stimulated cortisol biosynthesis in a fasciculata cell suspension in which angiotensin did not stimulate aldosterone production. Therefore, in human adrenal cell suspensions angiotensin appeared to act directly to stimulate cortisol synthesis by fasciculata cells. In normal subjects pre-treated with dexamethasone, angiotensin infusions failed to stimulate an increase in plasma cortisol. The physiological importance of angiotensin as a regulator of cortisol secretion remains, therefore, to be established. PMID- 705815 TI - A radioimmunoassay for lithocholic acid conjugates in human serum and liver tissue. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for glycine and taurine conjugates of lithocholic acid (CLCA) has been developed. 3H-glycolithocholic acid (S.A. = 17Ci/mmol) was used as tracer. Separation of free from antibody-bound bile acid was carried out using ammonium sulphate (saturated solution). The antiserum showed high specificity for both glyco and tauro conjugated lithocholate (100% cross reaction) and lithocholic acid (25% cross reaction). The sensitivity of the assay (1 pmole/tube), was adequate for measuring CLCA in peripheral blood and hepatic tissue in man. PMID- 705816 TI - Metabolism of 17beta-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylene-5alpha-androstan-3-one in the rabbit. AB - An acidic metabolite, 2alpha-carboxy-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,16alpha,17alpha triol and two neutral metabolites, 2alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-androstane 3alpha,17alpha-diol, and 2alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-androstane 3alpha,16alpha,17alpha-triol have been identified in the urine of rabbits orally dosed with 17beta-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylene-5alpha-androstan-3-one. 2alpha Hydroxymethyl-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,16alpha,17alpha-triol was previously obtained from the urine of rabbits dosed with 17beta-hydroxy-2alpha-methyl-5alpha androstan-3-one. The acidic metabolite was the major urinary excretion product. PMID- 705817 TI - Further consideration of systematic errors present in protein-ligand interactions. AB - Relatively minor systematic errors present during measurements of protein-ligand interaction can lead to large inaccuracies in the calculated values of the equilibrium dissociation constant and the total concentration of the binding protein. These errors, which include binding of the ligand to low affinity material and underestimation of bound ligand, cause the calculation of the concentration of free ligand at equilibrium to be overestimated. We report herein a model of ligand-protein binding which incorporates these errors into the mathematical formulation of the equilibrium binding equation. The effect of these errors on the Scatchard plot is presented. PMID- 705818 TI - Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol and 5alpha androstane-3beta, 17beta-diol unconjugated and conjugated in human serum. AB - The simultaneous determinations of both 3alpha and 3beta epimers of 5alpha androstane-3,17beta-diol as their glucuronides, sulfates and in their unconjugated forms are described. The diol estimation is carried out by radioimmunoassay with two specific immune sera after purification of the serum by use of chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. The values obtained (mean +/- S.D.) in pg/ml for the unconjugated 3alpha and 3beta epimers were, respectively, 267 +/- 67 and 816 +/- 76 for men; 114 +/- 33 and 515 +/- 177 for women; 142+/- 77 and 779 +/- 200 for hirsute women. Among the conjugates, the most important were the sulfoconjugates, their rates being, respectively (men +/- S.D. in ng/ml 41.6 +/- 9.5 and 103+/- 40 for men; 12.4 +/- 3.1 and 51.2 +/- 14.9 for women and 36 +/- 22 and 72 +/- 36 for hirsute women. Differences in the conjugation of both epimers were also noticed. PMID- 705819 TI - Methoxylation of 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid, a key intermediate of chenodeoxycholic acid biogenesis, compared with that of its 7beta-epimer. AB - The conventional methods of gas liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry failed to be useful for the identification of the biliary 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxychol-5 en-24-oic acid, a key intermediate of chenodeoxycholic acid biogenesis. It has been preliminarily reported that this acid in human bile was successfully identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, after the methoxylation of its allyl alcohol group. Physical as well as spectral properties of the methoxylation products derived from the acid were reported, compared with those from its 7beta-epimer. PMID- 705820 TI - Methoxylation of methyl 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxychol-4-en-24-oate and its 3beta epimer. A contribution to chenodeoxycholic acid biogenesis. AB - By the conventional methods of gas liquid chromatography (GLC) as well as mass spectrometry, 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid (delta5-acid), a key intermediate of chenodeoxycholic acid biogenesis and its metabolic by-product, 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxychol-4-en-24-oic acid (delta4-acid) have not yet been identified as such probably due to thermal decomposition. However, taking advantage of the observation that they are readily methoxylated in methanol containing a trace of acids, their individual methoxy-compounds were easily prepared and proved to be useful for their identification, even though they are present in minimal amounts as was the case with the human or hen bile. The present paper reported physical as well as spectral properties of the methoxy compounds derived from methyl 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxychol-4-en-24-oate, compared with those of its 3beta-epimer. PMID- 705821 TI - Steroid estrogen conjugates in hens' urine II. Identifications of some minor conversion products of intramuscularly injected [4(-14C)]estrone. AB - [4(-14C)]Estrone was injected intramuscularly into two mature laying Rhode Island Red hens. Radioactive steroids and steroid conjugates recovered from the urine on Amberlite XAD-2 columns were fractionated on columns (100 cm) of DEAE-Sephadex A 25 by NaC1 gradients. The presence of the following were confirmed, the figures in brackets indicating average proportions as per cent of total radioactivity recovered after Sephadex column chromatography:-the 3-beta-glucuronides of estrone (10.9) and of estradiol-17alpha plus estradiol-17beta(9.8): the 17-beta glucuronides of estradiol-17alpha plus estradiol-17beta (2.1); the 3-sulfates of estrone (14.5) and of estradiol-17alpha plus estradiol-17beta(27.4); and the disulfates of estradiol-17alpha plus estradiol-17beta (2.3). The following additional conjugates were identified:-a beta-glucuronide of 16-epiestriol (0.2) and a beta-glucuronide of 16-keto-estradiol-17beta (0.2); the 3-sulfates of 16 epiestriol (1.4), of 17-epiestriol (0.9), of 16,17-epiestriol (0.7), of 16-keto estradiol-17beta (1.1), and of 2-methoxyestrone (0.7). Some evidence was obtained for the presence of 16,17-epoxy-estratrienol-3-sulfate (1.9). PMID- 705822 TI - Noninvasive techniques for diagnosis of carotid artery disease. PMID- 705823 TI - Free radical pathology. PMID- 705824 TI - Free radicals in cerebral ischemia. AB - The possibility that cerebral ischemia may initiate a series of pathological free radical reactions within the membrane components of the CNS was investigated in the cat. The normally occurring electron transport radicals require adequate molecular oxygen for orderly transport of electrons and protons. A decrease in tissue oxygen removes the controls over the electron transport radicals, and allows them to initiate pathologic radical reactions among cell membranes such as mitochondria. Pathologic radical reactions result in multiple products, each of which may be present in too small a concentration to permit their detection at early time periods. It is possible to follow the time course, however, by the decrease of a major antioxidant as it is consumed by the pathologic radical reactions. For this reason, ascorbic acid was measured in ischemic and control brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. There was a progressive decrease in the amount of detectable ascorbic acid ranging from 25% at 1 hour to 65% at 24 hours after occlusion. The reduction of this normally occurring antioxidant and free radical scavenger may indicate consumption of ascorbic acid in an attempt to quench pathologic free radical reactions occurring within the components of cytomembranes. PMID- 705825 TI - "Stump" on internal carotid artery--a source for further cerebral embolic ischemia. AB - A series of 9 patients have experienced hemisphere and retinal ischemia at an interval after occlusion of appropriate internal carotid arteries. All had radiological evidence of a persisting proximal stump to the occluded artery and, in most, pathological evidence of thrombotic material attached to atheromatous lesions within the stump. Thromboembolism from the stump via the anastomotic supply through ipsilateral common and external carotid arteries is thought to be responsible for the ischemic events to the brain or retina despite absence of flow through the internal carotid artery. Seven of the 9 were treated by surgical excision or obliteration of the stump and, when indicated, common and external carotid endarterectomy. Turbulence in the stump contributed to progressive atherosclerotic changes and probably aggravated thrombogenesis in this location with subsequent embolization into the anastomotic arteries. PMID- 705826 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhage following carotid endarterectomy: a hypertensive complication? AB - Two patients with transient ischemic attacks and subsequent minor cerebral infarction had repair of very tight carotid stenosis, 4 and 5 weeks respectively after their stroke. Each developed intracerebral hemorrhage when hypertension was uncontrolled during the post-operative period. Hypertension is a significant complication of carotid endarterectomy, and may be a prominent factor in the development of intracerebral hemorrhage post-carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 705827 TI - Extracranial-intracranial bypass in experimental cerebral infarction in dogs. PMID- 705828 TI - Imaging the carotid bifurcation using continuous-wave Doppler-shift ultrasound and spectral analysis. AB - A non-invasive method is described for visualizing the carotid bifurcation using a continuous-wave Doppler-shift technique simultaneously with spectral analysis of the blood velocities from all parts of the vessel lumen. The system is directional so that arteries can be visualized in the presence of signals from adjacent veins. The technique uses a transducer which is attached to a position sensing arm so that the position of the ultrasound beam on the neck, when sensing arterial blood flow-velocities, can be translated onto a storage oscilloscope. By repeated passes of the transducer across the vessel lumen a 2 dimensional image of the carotid bifurcation is formed. As each image point is marked, the full spectrum of blood-velocities corresponding to that position is continuously displayed on a second oscilloscope beside the image scope. Ultrasound images are compared with arteriograms and both continuous-wave and pulsed Doppler ultrasound imaging systems are discussed. PMID- 705829 TI - Effect of aminophylline on cerebral infarction in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - The effects of aminophylline in Mongolian gerbils subjected to unilateral carotid ligation were studied. The drug was given in varying intraperitoneal doses at varying postoperative intervals and the animals observed for 5 days for clinical signs of stroke. Doses of 100 mg per kg caused early death and were discontinued. Doses of 50 mg per kg had no significant effect on morbidity, mortality, time until death, stroke incidence or lesion size, as compared to saline given as a control. Doses of 80 mg per kg caused a higher mortality, higher morbidity, and a shorter interval to death, but a smaller infarct. Thus, aminophylline did not have a protective effect against stroke in gerbils and was actually detrimental during the first 16 hours following the carotid ligation. PMID- 705831 TI - Vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin on pial arteries. AB - The effect of topical application of angiotensin on pial arterioles was examined in anesthetized cats equipped with a cranial window for the direct observation of the pial microcirculation of the parietal cortex. Angiotensin in a dose of 0.01 to 1 microgram/ml constricted pial arterioles and arteries strongly. The response of the smaller vessels was greater than that of the larger ones. Intravenous administration of angiotensin in a dose of 0.04--3.8 microgram/min raised arterial blood pressure and constricted the larger pial arteries. While the infusion of angiotensin was continued at the same dose, the blood pressure was then reduced to the control level via bleeding into a reservoir. This abolished the vasoconstriction of the larger pial arteries, showing that this effect was due to autoregulatory adjustments to the rise in blood pressure and not due to a direct effect of angiotensin. We conclude that, despite the strong constrictor effect of angiotensin on pial arteries, intravenous angiotensin can be used to study the effects of arterial hypertension on the cerebral circulation. PMID- 705830 TI - Effect of DPPD (diphenyl-para-phenylenediamine) on stroke and cerebral edema in gerbils. AB - Diphenyl-para-phenylenediamine (DPPD) is an antioxidant that has been shown to decrease liver damage due to the peroxidative process of carbon tetrachloride in rats and to ameliorate cold-induced cerebral edema in cats. Because lipid peroxidation disrupts the integrity of the plasma membrane, a process believed to occur in cerebral infraction, which is a major cause of cerebral edema. DPPD was tested for its protective effect against cerebral infarction. When given intraperitoneally in gerbils with unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery, DPPD had no effect on resultant incidence, morbidity, or mortality of cerebral infarction. Despite these findings, the authors believe, on the basis of what is known about free radical pathology, that DPPD and other antioxidants deserve further laboratory trials as possible drugs in the treatment of brain trauma and cerebral edema. PMID- 705832 TI - Responses of isolated dog cerebral and peripheral arteries to prostaglandins after application of aspirin and polyphloretin phosphate. AB - In helically cut strips of dog cerebral, coronary, mesenteric and femoral arteries, the contractile response to prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha, and E2, relative to contractions induced by 30 mM K+, did not appreciably differ, whereas relaxations induced by PGE1 relative to those induced by 10(-4) M papaverine were significantly different; the least in cerebral arteries and the greatest in mesenteric arteries. The relaxation of human cerebral arteries in response to PGE1 was similar to that of dog cerebral arteries. Treatment for 60 min with polyphloretin phosphate (3 X 10(-5) and 10(-4) g/ml) suppressed the contractile response to PGF2alpha and E2 but did not alter the response to 25 mM K+. The relaxing effect of PGE1 was not influenced. Aspirin (5 X 10(-5) and 2 X 10(-4) M) significantly potentiated the contractile response to PGF2alpha and E2 but did not alter the relaxation induced by PGE1. In contrast, contractions induced by serotonin were attenuated. It is concluded that dog cerebral, coronary, mesenteric and femoral arteries relaxed differently in response to PGE1. It appears that arterial responses to vasoconstricting PGs, but not to the vasodilating PG, are significantly attenuated by polyphloretin phosphate and potentiated by aspirin. PMID- 705833 TI - Cerebral hemodynamics in Shy-Drager syndrome: variability of cerebral blood flow dysautoregulation and the compensatory role of chemical control in dysautoregulation. AB - Cerebrovascular autoregulation and CO2 reactivity were measured repeatedly in 3 patients with the multiple system atrophy type of autonomic insufficiency (Shy Drager syndrome) by means of the 133Xe injection method. The degree of cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysautoregulation showed day-to-day variations in 2 of the 3 patients. The CO2 reactivity was normal or supernormal in the supine position in patients with impaired autoregulation. In the head-up position the response to CO2 was slightly suppressed in 2 of the patients, suggesting that chemical control may have tended to compensate for CBF dysautoregulation. It is concluded that the mechanism of chemical control of the cerebrovasculature is different from that which controls autoregulation and may have partially compensated for CBF dysautoregulation. PMID- 705834 TI - Holter monitoring in patients with transient focal cerebral ischemia. AB - The value of continuous long-term ECG monitoring in patients with transient generalized neurological symptoms is well established, but its value in transient focal neurological deficits is less clear. A patient is reported who had significant dysrhythmias and transient focal cerebral symptoms which did not clear after cardiac pacing. Nineteen other patients were monitored as part of their evaluation for transient focal cerebral symptoms and were found to have essentially no cerebrally significant dysrhythmias. This report suggests cardiac dysrhythmias rarely cause such symptoms. PMID- 705835 TI - Neurological syndromes after cardiac arrest. PMID- 705836 TI - Definition of dementia. PMID- 705837 TI - Questions arising in carotid bruit. PMID- 705839 TI - Aflatoxin load of common food in savanna and forest regions of Nigeria. AB - Aflatoxin, one of the most widespread of the known carcinogens, is present at a high level in most common foods stored poorly for long periods in Nigeria. It may work synergistically with other carcinogens to produce the high incidence of primary liver cancer seen in young men under the age of 40. In the northern savanna areas cereals, especially sorghum and millets, as well as groundnut products are the high risk foods. In the southern forest areas, dried fish, groundnuts and oil palm products often carry unwholesome quantities of aflatoxin. Public health measures aimed at reducing the aflatoxin load in high risk foods identified should now be actively considered. PMID- 705838 TI - The spectrum of infection and sensitivity of organisms isolated from African and Indian children in a Durban hospital. AB - A prospective study was undertaken over a period of six months to determine the spectrum of infection, sensitivity of organisms isolated, and suitability of antibiotics chosen in 520 consecutive patients admitted to a paediatric unit. Culture and sensitivity of stool, urine and blood yielded 752 isolates; in 147 cases, more than one pathogen was isolated from the same or different sites. High rates of resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and kanamycin were seen in salmonellae other than Salmonella typhi, which differed in retaining its original sensitive susceptibility profile. Most Enterobacteria were sensitive to gentamicin. Penicillin-resistance was seen in 9% of meningococci, and several Haemophilus influenzae strains (20%) were resistant to ampicillin. Methicillin resistance was encountered in 13% of Staphylococcus aureus strains and 17% of pneumococci were resistant to penicillin G. The sensitivity pattern of organisms isolated was probably directly related to widespread use of antibiotics. PMID- 705840 TI - Serological and clinical investigations of human hydatid case in Libya. AB - Fifty surgically confirmed cases of hydatid disease in Eastern Libya were investigated. Of these, 30 had cysts of the liver, five had extra-hepatic abdominal cysts and 15 had cysts in the chest, including the lungs. Ten cases of malignancy of the liver and five cases of malignancy of the lung were used as controls. Differential diagnosis of cancer was made by measuring the ESR and glycoprotein levels (elevated x 4 and x 3 respectively, in cancer cases). Serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were also significantly raised in malignancy, while the total protein levels and eosinophilia were the same in both diseases. The intradermal test was positive in 88%, the haemagglutination test in 86% and the complement fixation test in 70% of cases. In the post-operative follow-up, complement-fixing antibodies disappeared somewhat faster than did the haemagglutinins. The positive skin test cases, however, remained positive throughout the 12-month follow-up period. PMID- 705841 TI - Unusual axonemal doublet arrangements in the flagellum of Leishmania amastigotes. AB - Studies on the fine structure of Leishmania mexicana, L. enriettii and L. tropica major have revealed several unusual arrangements of microtubules in the flagellar axoneme. The anterior end of the flagellum in these three species was found to contain disarranged axonemal doublets (d) in the absence of the two central singlets(s). Leishmania amastigotes do not use their flagellum as do promastigotes for propulsion, and persistence of the usual 9d and 2s microtubular arrangement may not be necessary. PMID- 705842 TI - The use of ABO blood groups as markers for mosquito biting studies. AB - Discrepancies between malaria inoculation rates measured entomologically and parasitologically may be explained, at least in part, if infants and children receive less mosquito bites per night than do adults. We found that this problem could be studied by choosing women and children of different ABO blood groups. In preliminary laboratory studies it was found that the blood group of a mosquito's blood meal could be determined in parous and nulliparous mosquitoes for at least 24 hours, and, nullipares up to 34 hours, after feeding. An antiserum against the O group was necessary to distinguish non A or B red cells from those of animal origin. Cross reactions did occur, presumably as a result of the digestion by mosquitoes of the red cell surfaces, but in every case the strongest and earliest developing agglutination was that of the host. Field studies were made using women and children sleeping under mosquito nets, the holes in which made the nets a trapping device. The women, on average, received over seven times more bites per night than did the children. The migration of blood-fed mosquitoes from one net to another was negligible. PMID- 705843 TI - Variation in delayed hypersensitivity in onchocerciasis. AB - Soluble antigen preparations were made from Onchocerca volvulus adults recovered from subcutaneous nodules, and from Necator americanus third-stage larvae. Intradermal skin tests were carried out on a total of 100 individuals clinically classified as having either the generalized form of onchocerciasis (86 cases, or the localized sowda form (14 cases). 91 of the people studied produced immediate reactions to the onchocercal antigen, but only those with sowda showed delayed reactions, though one person with generalized disease showed a doubtful delayed reaction. Reactions to N. americanus antigen, both immediate and delayed, were seen in both forms of the disease. The lack of delayed skin reaction in the generalized form of onchocerciasis is discussed, and a comparison is made with other diseases. Preliminary evidence for the existence of a true spectrum of clinical and immunological forms of onchocerciasis is suggested by one case in this study. PMID- 705844 TI - Immune complexes in healthy Nigerians. AB - Sera from 50 healthy Caucasians resident in Britain and 50 healthy Nigerians living aroung Zaria in Northern Nigeria were tested for the presence of circulating immune complexes by three different methods. Immune complexes could not be detected in the Caucasian sera but wer present in the Nigerian sera. However, only six of the 38 sera positive for complexes by the radio-bioassay method had significant anti-complementary activity. Examination of blood films from all six subjects showed malarial parasitaemia in five. The mean IgM level of the six anti-complementary sera was significantly higher than in the remaining 44 sera. After six weeks of malarial prophylaxis, sera from four of these subjects lost their anti-complementary activity and there was a parallel fall in the serum IgM values, suggesting that complexes related to malaria may have been present originally. Tests for detecting circulating immune complexes which fix complement may be useful in identifying clinically significant infections in apparently healthy Nigerians. PMID- 705846 TI - Variation and stability in Schistosoma haematobium egg counts: A four-year study of Gambian children. PMID- 705847 TI - The resistance of Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. evansi to human plasma. AB - Tests were made in mice on the resistance of cattle trypanosomes to human plasma. 12 stocks of Trypanosoma, congolense were tested' three were fully resistant, eight were moderately or highly resistant, and one was fully sensitive. Four stocks of T. vivax were tested; two were fully resistant, one was somewhat resistant, and one was highly sensitive. Two stocks of T. evansi were tested; both fully sensitive. The possibility is discussed that T. congolense and T. vivax might produce transient infections in man. PMID- 705845 TI - Schistosoma japonicum-type infection in Malaysia--report of the first living case. AB - The first living patient with a Schistosoma japonicum-type infection who presented with the nephrotic syndrome is reported in detail. It is not clear whether the nephrotic syndrome was due to the schistosome infection or to the deposition of hepatitis B antigen and antibody complexes. This is the tenth case of schistosomiasis reported from aborigines in Malaysia and a sylvatic source of infection is suggested. PMID- 705848 TI - Single dose doxycycline therapy for scrub typhus. AB - A single dose of 200 mg of doxycycline was shown to be as effective as a seven day course of tetracycline, in patients suspected of having scrub typhus. 65 (44%) of the 149 patients studied fulfilled the criteria for definite diagnosis of scrub typhus; 10 had an additional diagnosis. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was isolated from 49 (75%) patients. There was no difference between the two treatment groups in time to defervescence, abolition of cough and headache, or in the time taken to recover well-being. There were no relapses in either group. Of the remaining 84 patients, a causal diagnosis was achieved in 52. Irrespective of a diagnosis there was no difference in apparent response to either doxycycline or tetracycline. PMID- 705849 TI - An accurate weighing scale for all ages. PMID- 705850 TI - Peripheral lymphocytes in patients with intestinal schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 705851 TI - Isolation of Leishmania strains from Rattus rattus in Italy. PMID- 705852 TI - On the possible use of scenting dogs to detect tsetse-flies. PMID- 705853 TI - Use of the term 'stock'. PMID- 705854 TI - Litomosoides carinii microfilaraemia and pyridoxin deficiency. PMID- 705856 TI - Pediculosis of a three-month-old baby. PMID- 705855 TI - Iron nutrition in rickets. PMID- 705857 TI - Methods of assessing factor VIII content of stored fresh frozen plasma intended for preparation of factor VIII concentrates. AB - Minimally destructive methods were sought to assess the factor VIII content of fresh frozen plasma intended for large-scale fractionation and stored in five liter polyethylene packs after pooling approximately 23 plasma donations. Although factor VII distribution in the frozen pack was not perfectly homogenous, a central "core" through the frozen pack gave a representative sampel of the entire contents of the pack. Coring was compared with other methods of pack sampling before large-scale cryoprecipitation. The survival of factor VIII was studied in three grades of stored plasma which had been separated and frozen within 4 hours, 8 hours, and 18 hours of blood donation. Plasma frozen after overnight storage of blood is a satisfacory starting material for the preparation of factor VIII and factor IX concentrates. PMID- 705858 TI - The distribution and utilization of adenine in red blood cells during 42 days of 4 C storage. PMID- 705859 TI - An aseptic fluid transfer system for blood and blood components. AB - A device is described which can be attached to all blood bags. Two of these devices are heat-sealed together aseptically at any time during the storage life of the blood unit, and an opening connecting the two is created. In vitro and in vivo studies show that ten passes of a unit of blood through these devices produces no cytological changes and does not alter the in vivo survival of the unit when transfused. Further, if the unit is frozen, then thawed, and even stored at 4 C for five days after thawing, the in vivo survival is still unaffected. PMID- 705860 TI - The accumulation of mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP) during storage of whole blood and plasma. AB - The accumulation of the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) in blood and blood components has been of considerable concern for some time. We have followed the accumulation of DEHP and one of its major metabolities, mono-2 ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP) during storage of whole blood, platelet-rich plasma, platelet concentrates, and platelet-poor plasma for periods ranging from 72 hours to four weeks. Both phthalates showed a progressive increase in concentration with time. While the levels of DEHP were much greater than those of MEHP, there was nonetheless a significant and continual increase in MEHP in all preparations. The highest concentrations of both DEHP and MEHP were found in the platelet-poor plasma, indicating that platelets do not have a major role in the accumulation of the phthalates in blood. The accumulation of MEHP was shown to be a direct result of the metabolism of DEHP by plasma protein(s) rather than leaching from the blood bag. PMID- 705861 TI - Recruitment cost: a middle ground between "free blood" and the nonreplacement fee. AB - Blood banking usually is considered to be clearly divided into two opposing philosphies concerning volunteer donor recruitment. On one side is the "community responsibility" theory. On the other side is the "individual responsibility" theory. This paper will show that both systems have problems and that in practice neither is "pure." We propose a new system that is an effective compromise and that has been successful in the Houston region. PMID- 705862 TI - Massive transfusion during major surgery in a child with anti-Knopsa and one kidney. AB - Massive transfusion has been defined as the replacement of one-third to one-half of the blood volume of the patient. It usually implies the presence of shock and is associated with multiple traumatic injuries. Blood replacement is almost always banked blood given in large quantities. However, massive transfusion with autologous blood can also be applied to elective cases and is becoming a useful and clinically beneficial service both in the quality of the products transfused service both in the quality of the products transfused and avoidance of diseases transmitted by blood transfusion from heterologous blood donor sources. Operations which regularly require the transfusion of three or more units of blood include open heart surgery, orthopedic reconstructive procedures, vascular surgery and abdominal surgical procedures. The case presented here, an orthopedic procedure, describes an example of elective massive transfusion, successfully performed in the presence of a rare alloantibody to red blood cells. PMID- 705863 TI - A new antigen, McCa (McCoy), and its relationship to Kna(Knops). AB - The antigen McCa is detected in 98.5 and 96.7 per cent of the American Caucasian and Negro populations respectively. In population studies with anti-McCa and anti Kna, a strong association was demonstrated between the two antigens, with 53 per cent of McC(a-) sample being Kn(a-) compared with a reported frequency for Kn(a-) of only 0.19 per cent. PMID- 705864 TI - Anti-Jra in a Mexican American. PMID- 705865 TI - Weak B antigen in a family. AB - A family is described in which six members were of a week subgroup of B. Presence of the subgroup in each individual was first indicated by lack of anti-B in that person's serum. Additional tests showed that the B subgroup red blood cells would adsorb anti-B and yield that antibody on elution, and that the saliva of two B subgroup persons tested contained B and H substances. The blood of one of the family members with the weak B antigen was inadvertently transfused to a group O recipient but caused no ill effects. PMID- 705866 TI - Further studies on the relationship of anti-Ena and anti-Wrb in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. AB - The red blood cell eluates of two patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) were found to have anti-dl and anti-Wrb in a study of 150 individuals with positive AHG tests.7 In that series 39 per cent of AIHA cases had anti-Wrb as part of the autoantibody specificity. The eluates of these two patients were of further interest since they showed weaker reactions with En(a-) cells than with En(a+), Wr(a+b-) cells. Further absorption of the eluates confirmed a second component that reacted with the En(a+), Wr(b-) cells but not the En(a-) cell, interpreted as autoanti-Ena. In one of the cases anti-Ena was recovered from the En(a-) absorbing cell although these cells were not agglutinated by the autoantibody. This effect was not due to polyagglutinability, the Matuhasi-Ogata phenomenon or the decreased sialic acid content of the En(a-) red blood cell membranes and remains unexplained. PMID- 705867 TI - Particulate material in antihemophilic factor (AHF) concentrates. AB - Antihemophilic factor (AHF) concentrates contain noncellular particulate material which is retained by a screen filter of 40 mu pore size. This material is composed in part of IgG, fibrinoprotein, and cold insoluble globulin. The clinical significance of this material is uncertain, but a possible association with pulmonary and cerebral microemboli is suggested. PMID- 705869 TI - Is very fresh blood needed in preparing leukocyte-poor red blood cells by inverted centrifugation? AB - It is recommended that units selected for inverted centrifugal preparation of leukocyte-poor red blood cells be less than 24 hours old. The reason for this is unclear and the recommendation poses practical problems. We evaluated the effectiveness of inverted centrifugation in reducing the WBC:RBC ratio in 31 units stored up to six days at 4 C. Leukocyte removal was at least as effective with six-day stored units as with less than one day old, averaging 77 per cent reduction with 76 per cent recovery of red blood cells. No reduction in leukocytes occurred with six days storage alone. It appears to be unnecessary to restrict leukocyte removal by inverted centrifugation to units less than 24 hours old. PMID- 705868 TI - Filtration characteristics of the dual-mode (Johnson and Johnson) micropore blood transfusion filter. AB - Stored human whole blood and red blood cells of varying age were passed through dual mode microscope blood transfusion filters. Passage through the filters resulted in markedly decreased screen filtration pressure (SFP) of the blood and increased filter weights. Numerous microaggregates were removed and SFP returned to normal. Filtration resulted in reduced platelet and white cell counts but other blood components were not adversely affected. On the basis of this research, we conclude that this micropore blood transfusion filter is effective in removing microaggregates from stored whole blood and red blood cells. It has a high capacity and rapid flow rate and is reliable during pressure transfusion. PMID- 705870 TI - The recovery, in small volume, of cells from the Beckman JE-6 elutriator rotor. PMID- 705871 TI - A safe blood transfusion procedure for immunization against major histocompatibility complex determinants in man. AB - A standardized procedure is proposed for deliberate immunizations against human major histocompatibility complex determinants. The data presented demonstrate its effectiveness and, by using a number of necessary precautions, this procedure has proven to be very safe. The following points are especially important: (1) exclusive utilization of regular blood donors as immunizers; (3) use of whole blood as an immunizing agent; and (3) use of small immunizing stimuli rather than large transfusions. This procedure can be recommended for the production of monospecific anti-HLA antisera and it may be useful if and when a deliberate transfusion policy for prospective kidney recipients is adopted. PMID- 705872 TI - Comparison of sacks and a new colloid hyperosmolar solution for hypothermic renal storage. AB - A new colloid hyperosmolar solution with high concentrations of proteins, potassium, and glucose has been favorably compared with a crystalloid, intracellular, and hyperosmolar solution (Sacks II) for 24-hr hypothermic storage of ischemic and nonischemic canine kidneys. Sixty minutes of warm ischemia was overcome by all kidneys flushed with the colloid hyperosmolar solution. In four of six ischemic kidneys flushed with Sacks' solution the function returned to normal limits. Hypothermic storage (24 hr) without warm ischemia did not cause any deleterious effects on either one of the flushed group of kidneys. Thirty minutes of warm ischemia followed by 24-hr hypothermic storage was tolerated by most of the kidneys (83%) flushed with the colloid hyperosmolar solution and one half of the kidneys flushed with the crystalloid hyperosmolar solution. Sixty minutes of warm ischemia and 24-hr hypothermic storage was detrimental to 50% of the kidneys flushed with the colloid hyperosmolar solution. PMID- 705873 TI - Immunological enhancement of hybrid teratomas derived from yolk sac. AB - Visceral yolk sac displaced outside the uterus after fetectomy differentiates into benign teratomas. This differentiation only occurs in a syngeneic pregnancy but never in hybrid pregnancy. Hybrid teratomas, however, were obtained after the induction of active or passive immunological enhancement. These hybrid teratomas, although smaller than the syngeneic, contained tissues derived from the three germ layers. PMID- 705874 TI - Effect of corticosteroids on the human immune response. Suppression of mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation by "pulse" methylprednisolone. PMID- 705875 TI - Protective effect of murine sarcoma virus-superinfected mouse tumor cells against outgrowth of corresponding noninfected tumor. AB - Cultured lines of three newly established methylcholanthrene-induced tumors, MBK and MBL in CBA and MC57M in C57BL mice, and two mammary tumors, SBfnHC in CBA and S3W in ASW mice, were superinfected in vitro with Moloney sarcoma or leukemia virus (MSV, MLV). After superinfection, they expressed the Moloney virus determined cell surface antigen (MCSA) and murine C-type viral p30 antigen, and produced NB-tropic C-type virus. The virus-infected tumors became more rejectable in normally susceptible syngeneic mice compared with the original noninfected line. There was no difference in 400-rad irradiated hosts. Mice that have rejected the virus-infected tumors showed an increased resistance to the corresponding noninfected tumor. The protective effect was comparable, with only one exception, to the immunizing effect of irradiated, noninfected cells. In vitro tests showed that small numbers of viable MSV-infected MBL generated cytotoxic spleen cells against both uninfected and MSV-infected MBL in syngeneic mice, while the same numbers of viable noninfected MBL did not induce cytotoxic cells. Relatively large numbers of irradiated MBL and MSV-MBL had a similar activity in inducing cytotoxic spleen cells against MBL in syngeneic hosts. PMID- 705876 TI - Evaluation of renal preservation using the isolated perfused rat kidney. Ischaemic damage and the effects of inosine. AB - An isolated perfused rat kidney has been used to determine the response to prolonged warm ischaemia and to examine renal preservation procedures. All measurements of function declined to near zero after 90 min of warm ischaemia. Measurement of total sodium reabsorption (TNa) was the most sensitive indicator of renal damage. Inosine was without effect on subsequent renal function after 60 or 90 min of warm ischaemia, or after 24 hr of cold ischaemia. Surface cooling or hypertonic citrate solution, in the cold or at 37 degrees C, significantly improved renal function, and their use in clinical renal preservation rather than that of inosine was supported by the present results. PMID- 705877 TI - Effect of methylene blue on hypothermically preserved canine kidneys. PMID- 705878 TI - [Quantitative electron microscopic study of the effect of acridines on the structure and replication of plastids and mitochondria]. PMID- 705879 TI - [Changes in the mechanisms of the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages during aging]. AB - A study of the phagocytic activity in young and old rats showed that the amount of functionally active cells among macrophages of the peritoneal exudate falls with ageing. The ability of macrophages to fix, absorb and digest heterologous cells (chicken erythrocytes) decreases. This decrease of phagocytic activity is to a considerable extent due to serum factors. Probably, the age changes in the macrophages functional activity play a definite role in decreasing the efficiency of defence mechanisms during senescence. PMID- 705880 TI - [Effect of ouabain on an SPEV culture]. AB - The presence of ouabain at a concentration of 4.10(-4) M in the culture medium is shown to lead to cytophysiological and morphological alterations in the cells. The synthetic and mitotic activity of the cells is reduced after 6 hrs of the experiment. The ultrastructure of all cell organelles changed simultaneously with their metabolic activity. The dynamics of ultrastructural alterations of the cells was observed. However, changes caused by ouabain did not result in death of the cell. PMID- 705881 TI - [Electron microscopic study of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in dogs. I]. AB - Disturbances typical of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) are determined to be formed already in the initial period of sensibilization. In the spinal cord the lesions appeared relatively earlier than in the brain. Just before the neurologic manifestations of EAE a deep destruction of some myelinized axons and phagocytosis of myelin by oligodendrocytes are registered in the brain and spinal cord structures. Alterations in neurocytes and degeneration of synapses of the light type are characteristic. PMID- 705882 TI - [Effect of vibration and poliomyelitis virus (vaccinal strain) on the chromosomal apparatus, mitotic activity and immunoreactivity of adult golden hamster cells]. PMID- 705883 TI - [Chromosome makeup of different varieties of wheat]. PMID- 705884 TI - [Phylogenetics of Isfahan spelt wheat--T. isphahanicum Heslot]. AB - It is found that the genomes of T. ispahanicum are incompatible with the genome of diploid wheat species. T. ispahanicum has the AB genome structure and its genotype differs from that of other wheat species by the presence of homozygous factors P, U and S. T. ispahanicum originated from T. dicoccum or T. dicoccoides as a result of genetical recombinations and subsequent selection. Its cultivation is secondary in relation to that of emmer wheat. PMID- 705885 TI - [Mutagenic activity of nitrosoalkylureas and diazoketones on corn. I]. AB - Among the nitrozoalkylureas studied, nitrozoethylurea proved to be the most effective in respect to the frequency of induced chromosome aberrations. Diazoketones, except for bis-diazoacetyl had a negligible effect on the chromosome structure. As to the frequency of induced visible mutations (M1-M3) diazoacetone, nitrosodiethylurea, bis-diazoacetyl and nitrozodimethylurea (88.8 54.3% of mutations) were the most active among 10 studied mutagens. PMID- 705886 TI - [Heritability and recurrence of growth traits of simmental crosses between Charolais and Kian breeds]. AB - The heritability and repeatability coefficients for body weights and daily weight gains of crossbred calves at the age of 12, 15 and 18 months vary from 0.386 to 0.913 and 0.503 to 0.770, respectively. On this basis it is possible to preliminarily evaluate the animals according to their individual meat characters. This preliminary evaluation can be used with a reasonable degree of probability when finally evaluating the bulls on the basis of their progeny. PMID- 705888 TI - [Polymorphism in the number of chromosomes in Antheraea roylei Moore (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)]. PMID- 705887 TI - [Genetic-hygienic regulation of pesticide use taking into account their potential mutagenic danger]. AB - The principle is described of genetic-hygienic reglamentation of pesticides mutagens application based on the estimating of the degree of their genetic hazard using several parameters characterizing the peculiarities of their mutagenic effect. Substances may be classified into groups according to their mutagenic hazard. The results are given of the evaluation of the mutagenic hazards of some pesticides and recommendations are given for the genetic-hygienic reglamentation of their application taking into account their mutagenicity. PMID- 705889 TI - [Detection of different types of lymphocytes in rat lymph node slices]. PMID- 705890 TI - Economic losses resulting from bovine cysticercosis with special reference to Botswana and Kenya. AB - Economic losses from cysticercosis are determined by disease prevalence, grade of animals infested, potential markets, prices of cattle and treatment costs for detained carcasses. The main features of the livestock economics of Botswana and Kenya are discussed. Botswana is more dependent on meat exports than Kenya and its cattle prices are much higher. The incidence of cysticercosis at export abattoirs in Botswana and Kenya is about 8 and 20% respectively. Annual losses in Botswana now approach 0-5 million pounds, while in Kenya they are about 1 million pounds. The loss per animal slaughtered is 2-25 pounds in Botswana and 1-50 pounds in Kenya. Some implications for veterinary research in this area are examined. Blanket treatment with a drug or vaccine would only be economical where prevalence was very high. An in vivo diagnostic test would be of use mainly with high value cattle. PMID- 705891 TI - Methods to improve the health of cattle in the tropics: conclusions and economic appraisal. AB - The results of the immune responses of immunised and chemoprophylactically treated calves to tick-borne (Boophilus microplus) challenge indicate that the system of immunisation was effective in protecting cattle against Anaplasma marginale, Babesia argentina (bovis), and B. bigemina. However, chemoprophylaxis was effective only against Babesia spp. but not against A. marginale. Both methods showed a substantial advantage over no control system when using native cattle breeds in a zone endemic for bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Based on the net economic gain per calf starting the experiment, sizeable differences were noted at 308 days between the calves in the immunised group, chemoprophylaxis group, tick and gastrointestinal parasite control group and the experiment control group. PMID- 705892 TI - The influence of lorry transport on the Trypanosoma vivax infection rate in Nigerian trade cattle. AB - In Nigeria in 1974 and 1975 there was an apparent sharp reduction in the prevalence of trypanosomiasis of cattle at several markets and control points. Some of the decrease appears to be due to the tsetse eradication programmes and Sahelian drought, but the change to lory transport as the principal means of moving cattle from the northern grazing areas to the south-western markets, which replaced a trek of at least three weeks, was probably an important factor. PMID- 705893 TI - Isolation of a mesogenic Newcastle diseases virus from an acute disease in Indonesian ducks. AB - An outbreak with mortality and acute nervous signs in ducks is reported. A haemagglutinating virus was recovered from dead and sick ducks that was neutralised by Newcastle disease antiserum. The virus was a thermostable paramyxovirus that was classified as a mesogenic Newcastle disease virus. The virus induced the infection in young ducklings following intramuscular inoculation. PMID- 705894 TI - Equine infectious anaemia in Paraguay. PMID- 705895 TI - Biting flies attacking cattle in the Dhofar Province of the Sultanate of Oman. PMID- 705896 TI - The persistence of Cowdria ruminantium in the blood of recovered animals. PMID- 705897 TI - Epidemiology of cattle anaplasmosis in Colombia: I. prevalence and distribution of agglutinating antibodies. AB - A survey to detect antibodies against Anaplasma marginale, using the Card Test, was conducted on serum samples collected from cattle of Cordoba Department and north-eastern region of the Department of Antioquia in the Republic of Colombia. The samples were from native cattle of Spanish descent (Bos taurus), Zebu (Bos indicus) and various Zebu-native crosses. The age range was between three and eight year olds. The results revealed that 90.3% of the samples were positive. All breeds showed a high prevalence of antibodies. PMID- 705898 TI - Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Nigerian goats. AB - Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected in 27 of 848 sera from Nigerian breeds of goats. The significance of this finding in relation to livestock production and human public health in Nigeria is briefly discussed. PMID- 705899 TI - The presence of Babesia bovis (B. argentina) in Paraguay. PMID- 705900 TI - Anti-tick grasses as the basis for developing practical tropical tick control packages. AB - Of six grass species analysed, Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) showed the highest anti-tick deterrent properties while Andropogon gayanus (Gamba grass) exhibited the ability to maintain a defined, constantly low, initial host tick infection property and lengthy but low to moderate field tick population. It was concluded that Melinis minutiflora is a species which would best be used in a tick control package within a marginal tick zone while Andropogon gayanus has the advantage within an endemic tick zone. PMID- 705901 TI - Studies on the livestock of southern Darfur, Sudan VI. Notes on equines. AB - Equines have been largely ignored in modern scientific literature on domestic animals, probably because they are not providers of meat and milk. Their contribution to the economy in the Sudan, however, is considerable and they are the principal means of transport both as baggage and as riding animals. They also play an important role in the supply of fuel and the distribution of domestic water in the larger villages and towns. Information on population structure is provided and descriptions, with particular reference to withers height and weight, are given of two types of donkey and of the horse. Growth curves have been derived, formulae for estimating weight from girth provided, and mean population weights, which can be expressed in terms of livestock units, have been calculated. PMID- 705902 TI - The ecology of murine typhus-a critical review. PMID- 705903 TI - Surveillance of tuberculosis contacts: experience at Ealing Chest Clinic. AB - The results of examination of 757 contacts of 186 tuberculosis index cases seen at Ealing Chest Clinic over a period of 7 years (1968--1974 inclusive) are reviewed. The incidence of disease in non-close contacts was low and further analysis was restricted to 574 close contacts. The morbidity in this group was 9%. Asian contacts and contacts aged 15--30 years were at the greatest risk. Fourteen per cent of 151 contacts of respiratory cases positive on direct smear developed disease. The same group had the highest incidence of 'positive' tuberculin skin tests (Heaf grades 2--4). Five per cent of non-Asian contacts and 1% of Asian contacts had disease at initial examination, the excess morbidity in Asian contacts being due to disease diagnosed during follow-up. PMID- 705904 TI - In vitro sensitivity of Mycobacterium marinum to minocycline and doxycycline. AB - Using a Steers replicator technique the in vitro sensitivities of 32 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium marinum to doxycycline and minocycline were tested. Of 32 strains, sensitivity to doxycycline ranged from 3 strains (9%) with a drug concentration of 2 microgram/ml to 11 strains (34%) at a concentration of 6 microgram/ml. Sensitivity to minocycline ranged from 2 strains (6%) at the 2microgram/ml concentration to 23 strains (72%) at the 8 microgram/ml concentration. Our data suggest that a significant percentage of M. marinum strains are sensitive to therapeutically achievable levels of doxycycline and minocycline. These drugs may prove clinically useful in treating infections caused by sensitive strains of M. marinum. PMID- 705905 TI - Renal tuberculosis presenting with accelerated hypertension. AB - Hypertension is an uncommon complication of renal tuberculosis, and the association of accelerated hypertension with renal tuberculosis has not hitherto been documented in the literature; we present such a case. The diagnosis of renal tuberculosis may be difficult, particularly in the early stages of the disease, and in this case diagnosis was made by renal biopsy. The subsequent course of the patient was also particularly interesting, in that one year after starting treatment with anti-tuberculosis and anti-hypertensive medication, he developed sarcoidosis. PMID- 705906 TI - Tuberculosis of the liver presenting as peripheral vascular disease. AB - Peripheral vascular disease in African males may be associated with a tuberculous infection elsewhere in the body. The case history is described of a patient who presented with gangrenous lesions of both feet and was found to have tuberculosis of the liver. The lesions on the feet healed within 2 months of starting anti tuberculosis chemotherapy. PMID- 705907 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the lung in Sahel: apropos of 107 operated cases]. PMID- 705908 TI - [Apropos of 280 cases of hydatid cysts of the lung operated at the surgery department of the Hopital Habib Thameur]. PMID- 705909 TI - [Biometric data, morbidity and mortality of preschooled children: study of a sample of 1,258 children 0-6 years of age during one-year period]. PMID- 705910 TI - [Atraumatic methods in the diagnosis of a case of internal carotid artery occlusion]. PMID- 705911 TI - [Osteoporosis in Tunisia. II. Study of several etiological factors]. PMID- 705912 TI - [Reno-duodenal fistula caused by hydatid cyst of the right kidney (case report)]. PMID- 705913 TI - [Isolated fracture of the neck of the stapes in cranial trauma]. PMID- 705914 TI - [Horton's disease: 1st case report in Tunisia]. PMID- 705915 TI - [Multiple trichoepitehliomas or multiple basocellular naevomatosis]. PMID- 705917 TI - [Computerized tomography]. PMID- 705916 TI - [Epidemics of itching caused by cereals in Sfax]. PMID- 705918 TI - [Cranial computerized tomography. Results of the 1st 2,000 EMI scans]. PMID- 705919 TI - [Circulatory collapse following intravenous administration of Stesolid MR]. PMID- 705920 TI - [Respiratory distress syndrome. Transfer for respirator therapy]. PMID- 705921 TI - [Alcoholic cerebellar cortical atrophy]. PMID- 705922 TI - [Aortic aneurysm with fistula into the colon]. PMID- 705923 TI - [Transmesenteric intestinal strangulation: a rare form of ileus]. PMID- 705924 TI - [Diagnostic radiology]. PMID- 705925 TI - [Ambulatory specialist service]. PMID- 705926 TI - [Passive smoking--exposure to the gaseous phase and the particle phase of cigarette smoke]. PMID- 705927 TI - [Legal abortion--ambulatory or in hospital? A prospective analysis of the frequency of complications during ambulatory care or during hospital stay]. PMID- 705928 TI - [Quantitative Romberg test. Measurement and computer calculation of postural stability]. PMID- 705929 TI - [Hypokalemic paresis]. PMID- 705930 TI - [Ambulatory legal abortion]. PMID- 705931 TI - [Immunoregulating proteins]. PMID- 705932 TI - [Anamnestic information]. PMID- 705933 TI - [Iatrogenic perforations of the nasal septum]. PMID- 705934 TI - [Prognostic value of ultrasonic study in threatened abortion]. PMID- 705936 TI - [Human Chlamydia psittaci infection]. PMID- 705935 TI - [Variations in barbiturate clearance and magnitude of diuresis]. PMID- 705937 TI - [Outbreak of ornithosis among poultry production employees. A sero epidemiological study]. PMID- 705938 TI - [Outbreak of ornithosis in the poultry industry. An occupational medical epidemiological study of the employees in a poultry abbatoir and of the producers]. PMID- 705939 TI - Thermal measurements on divers in hyperbaric helium-oxygen environments. AB - During a series of three saturation dives to simulated depths of 1000, 1200, and 1400 fsw at the Ocean Simulation Facility, measurements were made to establish the rate of heat loss of unclad divers in helium-oxygen gaseous environments. These measurements were part of a program to determine the dangers of cold stress and the temperature/time relationship tolerated by divers in cold diving bells or in hyperbaric chambers in which environmental conditions are uncontrolled. Three specific gaseous temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 degrees C were considered. In each experiment, as many as four subjects were monitored for body core and mean skin temperature over a 2-h testing period. One or two of the subjects were also monitored for mean body convective heat loss to determine physiological (shell) thermal insulation. Results of these experiments are expressed in depth-time temperature three-dimensional graphs in whic, the temperature variable is one of the following: mean skin temperature change, mean body temperature change, or mean rectal (core) temperature change, each suitable for defining diver thermal limitations. It was also possible to rank body areas of the subjects in relation to heat loss and temperature decrease during exposure to the cold environment. PMID- 705940 TI - Decompression advantages of trimix. PMID- 705941 TI - Nitrogen elimination during steady-state hyperbaric exposures. AB - Nitrogen elimination was measured in six divers during steady-state exposures in an oxygen-nitrogen atmosphere at 1, 2, and 3 ATA using both oxy-helium and pure O2 as washout gases. This was accomplished by using mass spectrometry to measure the expired N2 concentration breath-by-breath over periods of 120 min in all experimental conditions except for O2 breathing at 3 ATA, which was limited to 30 min periods. In all cases the area under the elimination curve increased with pressure. Total area under the curve was also greater when breathing O2 than when breathing oxy-helium, but this difference decreased with depth and washout time. Nitrogen elimination on a semilogarithmic plot falls rapidly during the first four minutes and then shows a slow linear fall for the remainder of the measurement period. Effective elimination of nitrogen decreased with depth and oxygen was more effective than oxy-helium in washing out nitrogen at all depths studied. Possible causes of the different variations noted in the washout curves during the experiment are discussed. PMID- 705942 TI - Protection against high-pressure oxygen seizures by amino-oxyacetic acid. AB - A variety of autonomic blocking agents, general anesthetics, and anticonvulsants have been shown to offer protection from seizures caused by hyperbaric oxygen. Amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) has been shown to offer rats only minimal protection from such seizures. This study investigated whether AOAA protected cats and mice from hyperbaric-oxygen-induced seizures. Cats and mice were exposed to 100% oxygen at 5 ATA until seizures occurred or for a period of up to 60 min. Approximately half of the animals were pretreated with AOAA either 30 or 240 min before oxygen exposure. Results showed that the interval between exposure and grand mal seizures increased significantly in cats pretreated 30 or 240 min before exposure with 17 to 25 mg/kg AOAA; the number of cats remaining seizure free for 60 min also increased markedly. However, mice received little protection even at doses up to 40 mg/kg. At higher doses the AOAA itself caused seizures even in the absence of hyperbaric oxygen. PMID- 705943 TI - Diver adaptability during a nitrox saturation dive at 7 ATA. AB - The major objective of this study was to demonstrate the advantages of transforming raw scores to ipsative form (deviation scores calculated around each subject's mean), particularly in diver research characteristically involving small subject samples in a self-control design. Measures of reaction time, response accuracy, anxiety, hostility, and depression were obtained from three U.S. Navy divers (Ss) during a nitrox saturation dive at 7 ATA (bottom time 7 days). It was argued and to some extent demonstrated that normative (interindividual) statistics obscure individual differences which are clearly delineated with the scores in ipsative form. Further, this score transformation allowed for meaningful between-Ss (same measure) and between-measures (same S) comparisons. These relationships could not be demonstrated with the scores in normative form. Application of P-technique of factor analysis within each S's arrays of data suggested that the characteristic adaptive patterns of two Ss in this study reacted to the pressure-stress by directing affect inward; for the third S, affect was directed outward. However, none of the 20 scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory clearly discriminated among the three adaptive types. PMID- 705945 TI - Susceptibility of fetal sheep to acute decompression sickness. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the fetus to decompression sickness. Sheep were used because fetal and maternal circulation of sheep and human placentas are dynamically similar. Seven sheep that were within three weeks of parturition were used. A Doppler ultrasonic transducer was placed around an umbilical artery of the fetus in utero and the electrical leads were exteriorized. Umbilical artery blood flow could thus be monitored together with any bubbles appearing in that part of the fetal circulation. Results of 17 dives showed that exposing the mother to a 100-fsw, 25-min standard no-decompression dive produced massive air emboli in the fetus, though no bubbles were detected in the maternal circulation either by Doppler or visual inspection. An 80-fsw dive for 40 min caused an occasional bubble to appear in the fetus. Sixty-fsw dives for 60 and 70 min, respectively, did not produce bubbles in the fetal circulation. PMID- 705944 TI - Decompression sickness in the goat: nature of brain and spinal cord lesions at 48 hours. AB - An investigation was undertaken to determine whether permanent damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with transient decompression sickness in the goat. Twelve goats were compressed in air at 100 fsw for one hour. After decompression over a period of 2.5 min, seven animals showed signs of decompression sickness and four of these were treated by recompression in oxygen. Residual clinical signs after 12 h were present in one animal only. The seven affected goats were killed 48 h after decompression. Lesions in the CNS (other than hemorrhage) were confined to the spinal cord of three animals that had shown paralysis, and consisted of infarction of white matter with occasional microthrombi and perivascular proteinaceous edema of the gray matter. In all seven animals, there was hemorrhage in the spinal cord and in four, hemorrhage in the brain. Infarction of the spinal cord was not present in the four animals that had shown only slight clinical signs (limping); one of these goats had been treated by recompression in oxygen. PMID- 705946 TI - Chamber-based system for physiological monitoring of submerged exercising subjects. AB - A system has been designed which allows for measurement of cardiorespiratory parameters in the fully submerged subject performing graded exercise. It consists of a horizontal wet chamber; a waterproofed, electrically braked bicycle ergometer; and a low-resistance "bag-in-a-box" breathing apparatus. Chamber and breathing apparatus design allow for a great deal of flexibility in both positioning of the subject and instrumentation. The 200-liter "bag-in-a-box" configuration provides the subject with humidified gas through 2.5 in. i.d. tubing. A rolling seal spirometer provides the lung counter volume. Provision is made for breath-by-breath gas analysis with a mass spectrometer. Hydrostatic pressure on the diver's thorax relative to chamber pressure can be easily and reproducibly varied over a wide range of positive and negative static lung loads. This system has been used on over 100 man-dives to depths equivalent to 6.5 ATA with oxygen consumptions up to 4.0 liters/min. PMID- 705947 TI - System for the passive measurement and analysis of high pressure nervous syndrome tremor in animals. PMID- 705948 TI - [A bed procurement bureau for patients with spinal injuries. a report on progress and experience at the bed procurement service at the industrial injuries insurance institute for research in traumatology, Frankfurt/Main. first communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 705949 TI - [Isolated seat-belt injury to the small intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 705950 TI - [Problems associated with fracture treatment in the presence of chronic arterial occlusive disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 705951 TI - [Treatment of medial fractures of the femoral neck by prosthetic replacement of the head of the femur (author's transl)]. PMID- 705952 TI - [The treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 705953 TI - [Gas gangrene in the wound following elective bone surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 705954 TI - [Hodgkin's disease (study of 99 cases occurring during a 10-year period)]. PMID- 705956 TI - [Study of opsonizing power of serum and of bactericidal and phagocytic activities in the newborn]. PMID- 705955 TI - [Double C2 and C7 deficiency in the same subject: study of complement and HL-A system]. PMID- 705957 TI - [Pluriparametric study of blood platelet behavior in a group of patients with arteriopathies of lower limbs]. PMID- 705958 TI - [Hormone therapy of breast cancer: tamoxifen]. PMID- 705960 TI - [Aggression and aberrations of sex chromosomes: genetic and neurophysiological aspects of aggressive behavior]. PMID- 705961 TI - [Communication]. PMID- 705962 TI - [Corrected transposition of great vessels without associated lesions: apropos of a case]. PMID- 705959 TI - [Fucosidosis: 1st Canadian case]. PMID- 705963 TI - [Granulosis rubra nasi: report of a new case]. PMID- 705964 TI - [Sporotrichosis: case report]. PMID- 705965 TI - [Use of medical questionnaire before physical examination of Quebec workers]. PMID- 705966 TI - [Seat belt syndrome]. PMID- 705967 TI - [Canceration of gastric ulcer is not a myth]. PMID- 705968 TI - Chromatographic studies on a chorionic gonadotropic activity in the placenta of the rat, mouse and hamster. AB - Acetone-ether extracts of rat, mouse and hamster placentae were fractionated by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The fractions were tested for immunoreactivity in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), hCG-beta-subunit and alpha-subunit radio-immunoassay systems. The elution profiles were compared with those of similar chromatographic studies of a human placental extract and of purified preparations of hCG and its subunits. The results indicate that rodent placentae have a chorionic gonadotropin and that this hormone in the rat, mouse and hamster is structurally similar to hCG with its alpha- and beta-subunits. Extracts of rat and hamster placentae had a gonadotropic activity similar in concentration to that found in normal human placentae at term. Until now, it has been difficult to find an animal model for studying how the production of chorionic gonadotropin is regulated. Our results suggest that rodents may be suitable for such an investigation. PMID- 705969 TI - Early cutaneous reactions to local traumatization with heat in alloxan diabetic rats. AB - The effect of cutaneous traumatization with heat in connection with intravenous injection of Evans blue was studied in short-term alloxan diabetic rats. The effect of traumatization was dependent on the degree of traumatization. There was no difference between diabetic animals and controls. The water content of traumatized and non-traumatized skin was determined. There was no difference between diabetic animals and controls with regard to the increase in water content of traumatized skin. Histological and histochemical studies on the effect of surgical cutaneous traumatization did not reveal any differences between diabetic and non-diabetic animals. The results are compared with earlier observations in alloxan diabetic animals with and without ketosis and in long term diabetes. PMID- 705970 TI - Studies on toxemia of pregnancy with special reference to blood pressure. I. Incidence and some characteristic features of the mothers and infants. AB - An investigation was made of 150 women who were diagnosed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Uppsala in 1964-68 as having toxaemia of pregnancy. Eleven had eclampsia and the remainder pre-eclampsia. Toxaemia occurred in 0.88% (average) of all parturients during the study period. Some characteristics of the mothers and their infants are reported. Thus, there were more instrumental deliveries in the toxaemia group than in the non-toxaemic patients delivered in the clinic. The maternal weight at delivery was also greater in the toxaemia group. The frequency of complications among the infants was higher in the group with toxaemia. There were more stillbirths, lower birth weights and more congenital malformations. With regard to blood pressure, almost identical pressures were noted in the eclamptic and pre-eclamptic groups, with one exception. The maximum blood pressure recorded during delivery was higher in the eclamptic than in the pre-eclamptic group (198/127 and 175/117). PMID- 705971 TI - Thyroid carcinoma: presentation of a clinical material with special aspects on the classification and operative treatment. AB - During the years 1969-1975, 58 patients were treated for thyroid carcinoma. 48 patients had differentiated and 10 had anaplastic carcinomas. The material is presented with special attention given to diagnostic methods and treatment for the differentiated forms. The value of cytological examination of fine needle biopsy is clearly documented. 40 patients with differentiated carcinomas were treated with total thyroidectomy, with low complication rate. Accidental persistent recurrent nerve paralysis as well as persistent hypoparathyroidism occurred in less than 3%, Subdivision of papillary and follicular carcinomas on the basis of their local growth pattern is emphasized as being of value in the determination of subsequent therapy. PMID- 705972 TI - Comparison between videodensitometric and angiocardiographic determination of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with cardiac disease. AB - Angiocardiograms have been widely used to calculate volumes of cardiac chambers. By determining the left ventricular volume in end-diastole and end-systole the ejection fraction can be calculated. The ejection fraction is considered a clinically useful index of left ventricular function and is widely used in the preoperative evaluation of patients with cardiac disease. PMID- 705973 TI - On the etiology of Heberden's nodes. PMID- 705974 TI - Primary hyperoxaluria (glycolic acid variant): a clinical and genetical investigation of eight cases. AB - The clinical features of eight cases of primary hyperoxaluria have been summarized. The possibility of different phenotypes is discussed. A reduction, but no normalization, of the oxalate formation during pyridoxine therapy was found. A renal transplantation performed in one of the patients failed because of the formation of nephrocalcinosis. PMID- 705975 TI - Total body haemoglobin estimated with the alveolar CO method as compared with a 51Cr technique. AB - Total body haemoglobin was estimated by the alveolar equilibrium CO method and by dilution of 51Cr-tagged erythrocytes in 22 patients with a wide range of haemoglobin concentrations (51-190 g/l). The resulting regression equation: THBCO =47 + 0.81 X THbCr, where THn is expressed in grams, shows that with increasing THb successively lower values were obtained with the THbCO method as compared with the THbCr method. Individual values were calculated for the M-factor, i.e. the ratio of the haemoglobin affinities to O2 and CO. These values were positively and significantly correlated to the red-cell content of 2.3 diphosphoglycerate. The findings are consistent with a recent hypothesis that the effect of 2.3-DPG on CO affinity may not be equivalent to its effect on oxygen affinity. The discrepancy between the two methods of estimating THb may therefore be apparent only and due to a systematic variation in the M-factor. PMID- 705976 TI - The hamster cheek pouch preparation as a model for studies of macromolecular permeability of the microvasculature. PMID- 705977 TI - [Use of Aloglutamol in uremic patients on dialysis (author's transl]. AB - The authors experimented Aloglutamol (an organic salt of aluminium) in uremic patients on dialysis to detect its phosphate-binding properties and study its use in the treatment of uremic osteodystropy. They report good results: predialysis Ca increased; serum PO4 and alcaline phosphatase levels decreased; Ca X PO4 was normalized; itch, muscular weakness and constipation decreased; no side-effects appeared, and the drug has a good taste. Therefore it is considered to be most useful in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in uremia. PMID- 705978 TI - [Tantalum is contrast material for the better presentation of the ureter in retrograde pyelography (author's transl)]. AB - Suspension of Tantalum dust can be used as contrast material. It helps in producing X-ray films which are rich in contrast and details. The composition of the suspension and the technique of retrograde pyelography with the suspension is described. PMID- 705979 TI - Ureteral obstruction by endometriosis. AB - The clinicopathological features of 2 cases of ureteral endometriosis are presented. The difficulties in diagnosis and surgical management of ureteral endometriosis are discussed. We emphasized the importance of frozen section during surgery for the lower one third of ureteral obstruction in premenopausal woman. Moreover, it is suggested that the surgical procedure for ureteral endometriosis should be uretero-ureterostomy or ureterocystoneostomy in the early stage. PMID- 705980 TI - [Myotropic spasmolysis in the treatment of ureteric colics (author's transl)]. AB - The effectiveness of parasympathicolytic drugs in the treatment of ureteric colics is doubtful. Bencyclane is a new myotropic substance. Its spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle is five times stronger than that of papaverine. The results of the clinical use of Bencyclane in cases of ureteric colic are described and discussed. PMID- 705981 TI - Development of reflex activity of detrusor and striated sphincter muscles in experimental paraplegia. AB - Reflexes concerned with viscerosomatic and somatovisceral interplay in the sacral spinal cord were evaluated in spinalized animals, as part of a study on direct spinal cord stimulation of micturition. Urodynamic evaluation consisted of continuous recording of bladder pressure, urethral pressures and electromyograms of striated anal and urethral sphincters. All exteroceptive stimuli to urethral or anal mucosa caused an inappropriate increase in afferent input to the sacral micturition center: such stimuli should be avoided in the evaluation of suprasacral lesions of bladder innervation. Early in the spinal shock phase, hyperreflexia of striated pelvic floor muscles was apparent, in the absence of detrusor reflex activity. Clinical implications for early management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction are discussed. In all spinalized animals early balanced bladder function could be achieved, due to the absence of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia: the opposite is true for spinalized man. PMID- 705982 TI - The significance of bladder capacity under aspect of continence and micturition in neurogenic bladder dysfunction. AB - The bladder capacity of patients with a neurogenic bladder disorder was determined. Since the bladder capacity varies according to the type of neurogenic lesion (supranuclear, infranuclear), it was to be determined, whether reflex detrusor activity and duration of the lesion would influence bladder capacity. It was found that in supranuclear lesions s sufficient bladder capacity can be maintained with a balanced micturition, and that spincterotomy does not result in reduced bladder capacity. In infranuclear lesions intermittent catheterization is a good therapeutic method to preserve continence and an intact renal function as well. PMID- 705983 TI - Indications for bladder transection. AB - Over the last 8 years 64 cases of bladder hyperactivity have been subjected to bladder transection. The patients seleced have been mainly adult enuretics, but have also included some others with daytime bladder hyperactivity without nocturnal incontinence who had failed to respond to medical and simple surgical procedures. A bladder capacity greater than 400 ml under general anaesthesia was used as a major criterion in selecting the cases for operation. The operation was very successful in the enuretic syndrome where the daytime symptoms or urgency and urge incontinence were severe. Other patients who had frequency, urgency and urge incontinence without demonstrable neurological or urological abnormalities also responded well. PMID- 705984 TI - Bladder training and surgical correction of vesicoureteral reflux: useful association. AB - 18 children, from 1 year of age to 15, presenting lower motor neuron bladder (myelomeningocele) were studied. All had overflow incontinence and urinary infection resistant to all trials of treatment, attributed to severe vesicoureteral reflux. The failure of training on bladder emptying for urinary infection control and/or the severity of reflux and its consequences over upper urinary tract, motivated the reflux surgical correction associated to bladder training as a first step alternative treatment to urinary diversion. PMID- 705985 TI - Urethral pressure profilometry with membrane catheter compared with perfusion catheter systems. AB - Urodynamic evaluation of urethral sphincter function can be carried out by constant carbon dioxide perfusion, constant water perfusion, or by the use of membrane catheters. A comparison of these 3 techniques was made in in vitro experiments. Results, and advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed. From all factors considered in this study--response to pressure changes, sensitivity to pressures along the urethra, and reproducibility of the profile--the membrane catheter was concluded to be superior to either of the perfusion systems. PMID- 705986 TI - Human sympathetic bladder innervation. A morphological investigation. AB - A method for histochemical determination of noradrenergic nerve fibers in human bladder biopsies is described. The importance of an objective criterium for distinguishing between specific noradrenaline fluorescence and autofluorescence of connective tissue is stressed. In 2 females and 3 males without neurogenic bladder disease the noradrenergic innervation of the detrusor as well as the trigonal muscle was found very scarce. PMID- 705987 TI - Gracilis interposition in fistulas following radiotherapy for cervical cancer. A retrospective study. AB - Irradiation fistulas following treatment for cervical cancer are a great challenge even to a skilled surgeon. Because of ischemia and necrosis around the fistula, repair is possible only by interposition of viable tissue. Interposition of 1 or 2 mm gracilis has been used at Sabbatsberg Hospital since the beginning of the 1950's. 27 vesicovaginal fistulas have been treated with this method, with a cure rate of 60%. The corresponding cure rate for 16 rectovaginal fistulas was 43%. The mean diameter of the fistulas was 2.5 cm. Considering the unfavorable circumstances caused by radiotherapy, in some cases combined with fulguration, these results seem satisfactory. PMID- 705988 TI - [Glucocorticoids and various biogenic amines in acute pyelonephritis]. PMID- 705989 TI - [Characteristics of urodynamics of the upper urinary tract in various anomalies of the kidneys and their clinical significance]. PMID- 705990 TI - [Criteria and principles of surgical technics in hydronephrosis of children]. PMID- 705991 TI - [Surgical treatment of hydronephrosis in children]. PMID- 705992 TI - [Remote results of treatment of hydronephrosis in children]. PMID- 705993 TI - [Current problems of transfusiology in operative uronephrology]. PMID- 705994 TI - [Various urologic complications in purulent bursitis iliopectinea]. PMID- 705995 TI - [Peridural anesthesia in reconstructive-restorative operations on patients with renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 705996 TI - [Oxygen-transport function of hemoglobin in acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 705997 TI - [Lymphocyte metabolism in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 705998 TI - [Clinical significance of Barr bodies in kidney neoplasms]. PMID- 706000 TI - [Case of the accessory kidney on the right side in association with hydronephrosis of the cross-misplaced kidney]. PMID- 706001 TI - [Neurinoma of the ureter]. PMID- 705999 TI - [Rational surgical intervention in kidney tumors]. PMID- 706002 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the kidney capacity to maintain acid-base equilibrium]. PMID- 706003 TI - A study of the capacity for regeneration of rat and human Leydig cells. AB - The capacity of Leydig cells for regeneration was investigated in 12 patients with prostatic carcinoma, who underwent subcapsular orchidectomy, and in rats after testicular necrosis produced by cadmium chloride. In rats, reappearance of Leydig cells originating from the tunica albuginea could be demonstrated by histology. Testosterone concentrations increased parallel to regeneration of Leydig cells, while LH concentrations declined. In contrast to these findings, no rise of testosterone concentrations could be observed in patients up to 8 months after subcapsular orchidectomy. Human Leydig cells seem to have no capacity for regeneration, or endocrine function, despite the fact that some of these cells, which are present morphologically in the tunica albuginea or spermatic cord, remained. PMID- 706004 TI - [Double malformations of the upper urinary tract: complications in adults (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-five adult patients underwent surgical treatment for complications of double malformations of the upper urinary tract. Compared with children, the percentage of incomplete duplications rose from 3--43%, and nephrectomy was necessary in 25% instead of 0 to 8%. The possible effect of the yo-yo phenomenon is discussed. Early surgical intervention might improve the possibilities of saving the organ. PMID- 706005 TI - [The susceptibility to urinary tract infections after antireflux operations (author's transl)]. AB - The results of a prospective bacteriologic follow-up of 21 consecutive female patients, who had an antireflux operation are given. Only those patients with a proven active susceptibility to urinary tract infection at the time of operation were included in this study. Of these patients, 89% had persistent recurrent urinary tract infection, though the reflux was corrected. Bacteriologic controls and long-term chemotherapy seem warranted in those patients after operation. PMID- 706006 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions of the ureter after surgery in the true pelvis--therapeutic considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 706007 TI - [Meatus stenosis of girls--clinical demonstration and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - This report concerns meatotomies performed on 50 girls, aged 2--13 years, suffering from meatus stenosis. The symptomatic and diagnostic procedures are described. Miction difficulties, pollakiuria, and imperative micturition connected with chronic-recurrent cystides are emphasized. Calibration of the urethra is the decisive diagnostic procedure. The miction cystourethogram, however, provides only a hint as to the presence of a meatus stenosis with the pathological description of the urethra in the form of a prestenotic dilation and of an 'onion' or 'wineglass' shaped configuration. The therapeutic results are considered very good, because 48 of the 50 girls had neither subjective complaints nor urinary infections 1--2 years after the meatotomy. This represents a recovery rate of 96%. PMID- 706008 TI - [Influence of leakage of the bladder mucosa on the results of external ureterovesicoplasty (author's transl)]. AB - The significance for the results of external ureterovesicoplasty of damaging the vesical mucosa was investigated in rabbits. On one side, the submucosal ureter was lengthened by myotomy, and on the other side, an additional incision of the mucosa caused the ureter to be shifted intravesically. In 10 animals, results were symmetric; in 7 cases, stasis occurred on the side of the sunken ureter; 2 animals showed marked hydronephrosis on the Gregoir side. Increased mobility and thereby kinking of the intravesical ureter and inflammatory reaction on temporary leakage of urine are shown to be the causes of worse results following mucosa leakage. As consequence of the study importance of careful closure of any mucosal defect occurring during Gregoir operation is stressed. PMID- 706009 TI - [Transureteroureterostomy in unilateral distal damage of the ureter (author's transl)]. AB - Transureteroureterostomy creates an artificial ureter bifidus. In the common branch, the resting pressure is a little bit higher than in its bifurcation and the peristalsis of the bifurcation is never synchronous. That is why an ureteroureteral reflux may be produced by the anastomosis. The ureteroureteral reflux created by a ureteral dyskinesia, however, causes an infection in the recipient kidney only if there is a predisposition to infection or a vesicoureteral reflux in the recipient ureter. A transureteroureterostomy was performed on five female patients suffering from unilateral distal damage of the ureter, four of them after gynecologic operations. One patient had a single kidney right. The damaged ureter was anastomized with the left ureteral stump of the nephrectomied side. In one case, an abscessing retroperioneal urinoma with a serious diffuse peritonitis developed as a direct complication of the operation because of an insufficient suture. On revision, the transplanted ureter had to be drained into the skin. Despite this serious complication, the recipient ureter remained uninjured and the recipient kidney was not damaged. The four other patients had no complications. PMID- 706011 TI - [The effect of varicocele on male fertility with particular consideration of progressive motility (author's transl)]. AB - Two-hundred patients with varicocele were examined for fertility, which was found to have diminished in 75% of the cases because of a decreased sperm count (less than 40 million/ml); 40% of these, the largest group (categorized only with regard to oligospermia), had a sperm count of 21--40 million/ml. The most remarkable finding was restrained fertility in 90% of the cases because of decreased progressive motility (speed of forward progression). Here, the largest group (nearly 50%) was in the category of 21--30%. Decreased progressive motility was mostly combined with a diminished sperm count to an oligoasthenospermia. In 20% of the cases, however, fertility was restrained only by decreased progressive motility in the sense of an asthenospermia. The first effect, due to varicocele, is seen in decreased progressive motility. However, because spermatozoa acquire their progressive motility by means of maturation in the epididymis, the varicocele causes the first damage to the epididymis. PMID- 706010 TI - [Complex urogenital malformation of the Wolffian ducts (author's transl)]. AB - A case report of a 30-year-old man with both vasa deferentia draining into a large right seminal vesicle cyst, with an ectopic ureter opening into the left seminal vesicle and associated with agenesis of the corresponding kidney. A similar case has not been previously reported in the world literature. Preoperative studies, surgical approach, pathological findings and the embryological explanation of the malformation is discussed. PMID- 706012 TI - [Urinary retention caused by large cyst of the Mullerian duct (author's transl)]. AB - The rare case of urinary retention caused by a large Mullerian duct cyst in a 41 year-old man is described. The embryological fundaments and frequency of these cysts are discussed as well as the necessary diagnostic steps and operative procedures. A survey of the literature is presented and the different diagnostic findings in these and other cystic tumors of the male pelvis are shown. PMID- 706013 TI - [Obstructive anuria due to renal candidiasis in a newborn male (author's transl)]. AB - Mechanical anuria developed in a neonate during a period of intensive care following birth trauma. The obstruction of the urinary tract was due to yeast clumps from a candida pyelonephritis. Urine flow was reestablished after a unilateral nephrostomy and antimycotic therapy. There were no anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract. PMID- 706014 TI - [Inguinovaginal sling operation in the treatment of female urinary incontinence (author's transl)]. AB - Sling operation have long occupied an established position in the treatment of severe female urinary incontinence and recidivous incontinence. The inguino vaginal sling operation as modified by Narik and Palmrich is described and the operation results for 73 female patients are differentially evaluated. A precise preoperative urodynamic clarification and a previous or simultaneous hysterectomy are prerequisites for satisfactory operation results. In certain instances, this surgical procedure represents a possible method for the restoration of continence even in the case of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. PMID- 706015 TI - [Spontaneous recovery of ligature of the ureter after surgical gynecologic treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Reported are three cases of spontaneous recovery of ligature of the ureter after hysterectomy. After temporary drainage of the pelvis, showed retrograde filling or intravenous urogram the unobstructed passage after the dissolution of cat ligature. No further urologic surgical treatment was necessary. PMID- 706016 TI - [Follow-up results of different surgical methods for treatment of bladder extrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 706017 TI - [A speculum for use in renal parenchyma incisions (author's transl)]. PMID- 706018 TI - [The pharmacological treatment of the incontinent neurogenic bladder (author's transl)]. AB - An attempt is made to describe the action of sympathic, parasympathic and somatic innervation of the urinary bladder by means of a receptor model and to present the theoretical basis of a successful treatment of the neurogenic bladder. Radiographic and urodynamic examination of 15 children revealed that ephedrine was successful in improving or curing urinary incontinence in 12 cases with congenital or required neurogenic bladder. The requirements and limitations of a successful sympathomimetic treatment of the neurogenic incontinence are presented. PMID- 706019 TI - Retrograde ureteral brushing. PMID- 706020 TI - Stone manipulation. Modern usage and occasional mishaps. PMID- 706022 TI - Modified radical retropubic prostatectomy. AB - A significant modification of the traditional radical retropubic prostatectomy is presented. A logical stepwise surgical sequence is discussed in detail. The technique described provides excellent visualization, early ligation of vascular and lymphatic channels, decreased intraoperative blood loss, and a tension-free vesicoureteral anastomosis. PMID- 706021 TI - Management of operative ureteral injury. PMID- 706023 TI - Modification of Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation. AB - In a classic article published in 1949 Marshall, Marchetti, and Krantz demonstrated that stress incontinence in women without uterine prolapse could be corrected by a simple vesicourethral suspension. Beginning in 1960 one of the authors (W.E.C.) became concerned about suturing the urethra to the periosteum of the pubis. It occurred to him that use of the upper sutures only to pull up the bladder and hold its anterior wall to the back of the rectus muscles might be just as effective, and this has proved to be so. PMID- 706024 TI - Anterior urethral valves. AB - Three cases of anterior urethral valves, a rare congenital anomaly are reported. Anterior urethral valves probably represent an attempt at duplication of the urethra in the first twelve to fourteen weeks of intrauterine life. The most common type is cusp-like and most frequently located in the bulbar urethra. The presenting complaints are lower tract symptoms, and the diagnosis is usually made by a voiding urethrogram. PMID- 706026 TI - Unusual presentation of genital tuberculosis. AB - We report two cases of unusual presentation of genital tuberculosis. One patient had an enlarging perineal mass as the only clinical evidence of genitourinary tract involvement. The second had a testicular mass difficult to distinguish clinically from testicular tumor. There was no evidence of upper tract disease. PMID- 706025 TI - Iatrogenic renal vascular injury. AB - Bilateral arteriovenous fistulas secondary to percutaneous needle biopsy of each kidney developed in a patient with malignant hypertension and chronic failure. The fistulas with aneurysmal formation and hematuria were of such magnitude that bilateral nephrectomy was required for control. The patient is now normotensive and is maintained on hemodialysis. The advisability of renal needle biopsy in uncontrolled hypertension is questioned. Cases of intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas resulting from percutaneous needle biopsy of the kidney are being reported with increasing frequency. The exact incidence of fistula formation after kidney biopsy is unknown, but several series based on arteriographic studies show an incidence as high as 18 per cent. Although many of these fistulas disappear spontaneously, approximately 4 per cent persist. A review of the literature failed to reveal the incidence of aneurysmal formation. Our case was complicated by formation of bilateral renal arteriovenous fistulas secondary to repeat bilateral percutaneous needle biopsy and right open renal biopsy. Subsequent gross hematuria from the right ureteral orifice also resulted which was proved by cystoscopy and required replacement with several units of blood. The likelihood of rupture led to bilateral nephrectomy. PMID- 706027 TI - Hemostatic technique for radical pelvic surgery. PMID- 706028 TI - Gonadal stromal tumor in black male. AB - A twenty-five-year-old black male presented with a right testicular mass which had progressively increased in size over three years. He was in good health and noted no other general abnormalities. Taking all malignant precautions, excisional biopsy of the lesion revealed gonadal stromal tumor by frozen section. The testis was left in situ, and the patient has continued to remain asymptomatic. PMID- 706029 TI - Prostatic carcinoma: plasma kinetics and intraprostatic metabolism of testosterone in low-dose estrogen-treated patients in vivo. AB - Plasma kinetics, in vivo uptake, and intraprostatic metabolism of 3H testosterone was investigated in 9 patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate. The metabolic effect of low-dose ethinyl estradiol was studied (estrogen suppressed testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone). The production rate of testosterone was lowered, the elimination of androgen from plasma delayed. The uptake of testosterone and metabolites by the prostatic carcinoma was suppressed. Estrogen did not alter significantly the intraprostatic androgen turnover. PMID- 706030 TI - Case profile: multiple urethral calculi. PMID- 706031 TI - Late urethrographic changes after transurethral resection of prostate. PMID- 706032 TI - Triple contrast percutaneous nephrocystography and analysis of cyst aspirate. AB - Accumulated experience with triple contrast percutaneous nephrocystography (water soluble contrast, iophendylate [Pantopaque], and air) in 42 patients with avascular lesions is presented. Diagnostic studies were accomplished in 40 with surgical correlation in 11. Of the 35 patients with intracystic iophendylate, progressive cyst shrinkage was observed in the 29 with adequate x-ray follow up. The reduction in cyst size was attributed to a marked reactive inflammatory proliferative response with fibrosis of the cyst wall which was found in 6 patients after introduction of iophendylate when compared with a control group of 13 others with surgically proved cysts. Intracystic iophendylate may be especially therapeutic in the nonsurgical management of renal cysts associated with pain, calyceal obstruction, and hypertension. The cyst aspirate was analyzed for appearance, culture, cytology, fat content, and multichannel chemistries (SMA). The index accuracy of these combined tests is high although instances of false positives and negatives for tumor are stressed. The nonsurgical diagnosis of renal cystic lesions is incomplete without percutaneous cyst puncture, contrast study, and analysis of cyst aspirate. PMID- 706033 TI - Prostatic carcinoma with diffuse cutaneous metastases. PMID- 706034 TI - Hypertension and urologic surgery in children. PMID- 706035 TI - Ultrastructure of the flagellar attachment site in three species of trypanosomatids. PMID- 706036 TI - Comparative morphological studies of head development after decapitation and after fission in the planarian Dugesia dorotocephala. PMID- 706037 TI - [2,3-DPG (diphosphoglyceric acid) content in the erythrocytes as an index of tissue oxygenation in glaucoma]. PMID- 706038 TI - [Tonographic indices in glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation]. PMID- 706039 TI - [Results of compression studies on eyes with high myopia]. PMID- 706040 TI - [Hypotensive and miotic action of stabilized solutions of physostigmine and physostigmine-pilocarpine (experimental data)]. PMID- 706041 TI - [Immediate and late outcomes of cataract extraction in phagolytic glaucoma]. PMID- 706042 TI - [Optimal test object for the Goldman perimeter]. PMID- 706043 TI - [Clinical and biochemical parallels in a study of the dystrophic processes in young glaucoma patients]. PMID- 706044 TI - [Pathomorphology of the rabbit iris after photocoagulation with an argon and ruby Q-switched laser]. PMID- 706045 TI - [Modification of iridocycloretraction]. PMID- 706046 TI - [Photocoagulation in the treatment of preretinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 706047 TI - [Blood supply of the eyes under the systemic administration of prostaglandin E2 (experimental studies)]. PMID- 706048 TI - [Diagnostic importance of biomicroscopy of the conjunctival vessels]. PMID- 706049 TI - [Central chorioretinal dystrophies]. PMID- 706050 TI - [Basal valvular iridencleisis]. PMID- 706051 TI - [Proximetry as a method of ophthalmoergonomic assessment of the reaction of the visual analyzer]. PMID- 706052 TI - [Ocular vacuum syndrome]. PMID- 706053 TI - [Ultrasonics in vitreoretinal surgery (an experimental study)]. PMID- 706054 TI - [Mechanism of oxygen metabolic disorder in glaucoma]. PMID- 706055 TI - [Dynamics of urinary tryptophan excretion in endogenous uveitis]. PMID- 706056 TI - [Ascorbic acid in the treatment of herpetic keratitis]. PMID- 706057 TI - [Primary homoscleroplasty in especially severe penetrating eye wounds]. PMID- 706058 TI - [Pupil width and hernia of the vitreous body in aphakia]. PMID- 706059 TI - [Method of inverse ophthalmoscopy using the slit lamp]. PMID- 706060 TI - [Injury of the eyes in Tyumen Province lumbering enterprises]. PMID- 706061 TI - [Case of phthiriasis of the margin of the eyelid]. PMID- 706062 TI - [Osteoma of the mastoid process]. PMID- 706063 TI - [Giant cell tumor of the temporal bone cured by cryoaction]. PMID- 706064 TI - [Lesion of the external and middle ears after the local use of an alcohol solution of mumie]. PMID- 706066 TI - [Chronic otitis media and neurinoma of the acoustic nerve]. PMID- 706067 TI - [Disseminated hematoma of the nasopharynx occurring as a result of barotrauma]. PMID- 706065 TI - [Bilateral mastoiditis caused by eosinophilic granuloma of the cranial bones]. PMID- 706068 TI - [Importance of fibrolaryngoscopy in a more accurate diagnosis of laryngeal cancer for the planning of a surgical intervention]. PMID- 706069 TI - [Effect of the morphological characteristics of the tumor on the prognosis of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 706070 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamics characteristics of patients operated on for laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 706071 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of reconstructive laryngectomy]. PMID- 706073 TI - [Lesion of the laryngeal mucosa in lichen ruber planus]. PMID- 706074 TI - [Clinical aspects, treatment and prevention of phonasthenia]. PMID- 706072 TI - [Endofibroscopy in restorative surgery of the larynx, trachea, pharynx and esophagus]. PMID- 706075 TI - [Pterygopalatine ganglion syndrome in the practice of the otorhinolaryngologist]. PMID- 706076 TI - [Allergic rhinitis in the clinical aspects of occupational diseases]. PMID- 706077 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of olfactory disorders]. PMID- 706078 TI - [Puncture of the ethmoidal labyrinth cells]. PMID- 706079 TI - [Intranasal method of operating on the tear ducts with ultrasonic instruments]. PMID- 706081 TI - [Nature of the otorhinolaryngological service and the structure of morbidity in Algeria (based on data from the Algerian-Soviet Friendship Hospital)]. PMID- 706080 TI - [Electrophysiological methods of study in otogenic intracranial complications]. PMID- 706082 TI - [Clinical and histological criteria for evaluating the radiosensitivity of a cancerous laryngeal tumor]. PMID- 706083 TI - [Significance of a focal infection in acute and chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 706084 TI - [Peloid therapy of chronic ENT organ diseases]. PMID- 706085 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of various forms of chronic inflammation of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses]. PMID- 706086 TI - [Early diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 706087 TI - [Possibility of using a pedicle flap made from the musculus latissimus dorsi for cardiopexy]. AB - Myocardiopexy is an expedient operation for a deep sclerotic injury to the coronary vessels. In the experiments on 8 human cadavers and 24 animals the authors developed the technic of cutting out and transposition of pedicle grafts from the broadest muscle of the back to the heart. Various methods of pathomorphologic and functional investigations have proved the connection existing between the vessels of the graft and those of myocardium. This connection prevents the death of animals from myocardiac infarction following ligation of the right coronary artery above the zone of myocardiopexy. PMID- 706088 TI - [Flap trepanation of the skull with removal of the bone plate and its replantation in traumatic brain compression]. AB - The results of 104 operations for traumatic compression of the brain have been studied. The advantages of bone-plastic approach are demonstrated. The indications for a primary removal of a flat bone graft plate in acute and subacute traumatic compression of the brain are precised. The results of a delayed plasty of skull defects following decompression trepanation are analysed. The flap bone plates, removed (on indications) during decompression trepanation through bone-plastic approach and kept in a weak formalin solution were used as grafts. Good results were obtained in the most of cases. PMID- 706090 TI - [Organization of autologous blood transfusions in surgical practice]. PMID- 706089 TI - [Allotendoplasty in Achilles tendon injuries]. AB - Experimental studies and clinical observations over allotendoplasty were carried out. A new method of the combined autoloplasty of old ruptures of the Achilles tendon was developed and carried out upon 13 patients. Allotendoplasty was applied upon 31 cases of injuries to the Achilles tendon. Late results were followed up in 30 patients; in 29 out of them a complete functional restoration of the injuried extremity was obtained. Clinical and experimental data allow to recommend banked allografts for the use in reconstructive surgery. PMID- 706091 TI - [Use of thawed and washed erythrocytes in the overall therapy of burn disease]. AB - An experience with the transfusion of 178 doses of defreezed and washed red blood cells kept at an ultra-low temperature of --196 degree C (in liquide nitrogen) has demonstrated a good hemotherapeutic effect. The transfused suspension of washed and defreezed erythrocytes did not provoke any complications which was especially important for the patients whose reaction to the transfusion of the whole donor blood had previously been unfavourable. PMID- 706092 TI - [Organizational measures in the prevention of road transportation accidents]. PMID- 706093 TI - [Injury to the thoracic lymphatic duct during catheterization of the subclavian vein in children]. PMID- 706094 TI - [Possibilities of the rheoplethysmography method]. PMID- 706095 TI - [Cryosurgery of the liver. The status of the problem and the prospects of development]. PMID- 706096 TI - [Phonography of the abdominal cavity as a diagnostic method in gastroenterology]. AB - Phonography of the abdominal cavity has been applied in 115 patients before and after stomach resection. This method provides an additional valuable information, helps to establish a correct diagnosis and so it can be recommended as an auxilliary diagnostic method. For diagnostic purposes the phonography findings should be evaluated within the complex of clinical, X-ray and laboratory findings, and data provided by other investigations. PMID- 706097 TI - [Importance of comprehensive esophagogastroduodenoscopy for control over the state of operated on organs of the upper portion of the digestive tract]. PMID- 706098 TI - [Causes of anastomositis after gastric resection]. AB - The control fibrogastroscopy of the resected stomach in patients showing the clinical picture of postoperative anastomositis has proved that the application of an unresolving suture material (caprone) for a marginal suture of gastroenteroanastomosis causes post-resection inflammation of anastomosis in about 50% of cases. For improvement of surgical results the authors suggest to substitute marginal caprone sutures with catgut or tantal agraffes. PMID- 706099 TI - [Effect of gastric resection on water-salt homeostasis]. AB - In a chronic experiment on 44 dogs with 2/3 of the stomach resected it was found that stomach resection resulted in a pronounced instability of blood constants and decrease of the renal ability to keep constant values of the internal media following water load. The levelling out takes place in the late period after resection of the stomach. PMID- 706100 TI - [Gangrene of the extremities in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The results of the treatment of 111 patients, who have developed obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities against the background of diabetes mellitus, are set forth. The author strongly recommends not to come hastily to amputation as an intense treatment may bring about a persistent remission of the pathological process even in senile patients. PMID- 706101 TI - [Recurrence of varicosity of the lower extremities]. AB - The authors analyse the causes of the recurrence of varicosis of the lower extremities superficial veins in 40 patients. They believe that successful treatment of such cases in warranted by a complex clinico-functional examination including a compulsory angiography aimed at revealing of the causes of the recurrence. Surgical intervention should be reduced to the elimination of errors admitted in primary operations. PMID- 706102 TI - [Cancer of the thyroid gland in an endemic focus]. AB - The authors present 28 (1.1%) cases of cancer of the thyroid gland. The volume of surgical intervention for cancer of the thyroid gland depends on the stage of the process. Thyroidectomy and bilateral Crile's operation are indicated in presence of metastases in the lymphatic nodes in both sides of the neck. This intervention should be followed by postoperative radiotherapeutics. Average survival up to 5 years has constituted 50%, above, 10 years = 25%. PMID- 706103 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of postoperative parotitis]. AB - The clinical picture and treatment of postoperative parotitis in 31 patients are described. An early operation is recommended in case of the failure of conservative therapy. 22 patients were operated upon, 11 out of them recovered, and 11 died. Postoperative parotitis is directly responsible for the death of three out of them. PMID- 706104 TI - [Nonepithelial tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 706105 TI - [Characteristics of the course of highly differentiated cancer of the terminal portion of the common bile duct]. PMID- 706106 TI - [Diagnosis and the surgical approach in abdominal trauma with pancreatic injury]. AB - The material comprising 14 observations over abdominal trauma with an injury to the pancreas is presented. An analysis of morphological changes in the pancreas and other organs is displayed together with literature and own data concerning diagnosis, surgical tactics and methods of drainage of the omental bursa in this severe pathology. 2 patients out of 14 died. PMID- 706107 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of trauma to various areas of the body combined with facial and jaw injury]. AB - The cases with combined maxillofacial injuries and traumas of other localization should be considered as cases of a higher risk of septic complications. The specialized stomatologic acid ought to be rendered to such cases with the nearest post-shock period, not later then within 36 hours after trauma. The analysis of 291 clinical observations is set forth. PMID- 706108 TI - [Characteristics of the course and treatment of mastitis]. AB - From the experience with 106 mastitis cases it has been found that this condition occurs in women following pathologic pregnancy and delivery. The leading procedures of the treatment are the following: stimulation of protective forces of the body, control of anemia, broad dissection and drainage of the abscess and, in case of a suppurative-infiltrative form, sectoral resection. PMID- 706109 TI - [Use of the Ilizarov apparatus in treating diaphyseal fractures of the leg bones in the middle-aged and elderly]. AB - The results of the treatment of diaphysial fractures of the leg in 42 elderly and senile patients are mirrored in this paper. The details concerning the time and procedure of the application of the apparatus, the time of its demounting are set forth. Good results of the osteosynthesis by means of the Ilizarov's apparatus allow to recommend this method for a broad practical use. PMID- 706110 TI - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis of the depth of necrosis in 4th degree burns]. AB - Findings obtained from the examination of 236 burned with the IV degree burns of various localization are presented. A differential diagnosis table of three main forms of burns involving deep anatomical structures is devised. The essential clinical and X-ray symptoms of necrosis of the soft tissues, joints and bones related to the form of the injury and time of its onset are grounded. The use of these features in the clinical practice has permitted to define the depth of the injury in 82% of cases within the first month. PMID- 706111 TI - [State of tissue microcirculation in burns of the hand]. AB - A radioisotope method was applied for investigation of 50 cases divided into three groups according to the depth of the burn. It has been found that this method of investigation of microcirculation in hand burns cases is a valuable diagnostic test allowing to find out disorders of the capillary circulation and to trace the dynamics of its restoration. PMID- 706112 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of frostbite of the extremities]. AB - The method of thermography is believed to be a valuable means of an early diagnosis of the depth of the injury in frosbites of the extremities. The use of immune preparations aimed at the lessening of the percentage of infectious complications, both with conservative and surgical treatment of the frostbites of the extremities, should be applied for prophylaxis of the above-mentioned complications. PMID- 706113 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency in cold trauma]. PMID- 706114 TI - [Use of hemosorption in the treatment of sepsis (an experimental study)]. PMID- 706115 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in sepsis in infants]. AB - In 40 out of 45 children dead from sepsis in 1974--1976 the development of the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation was proved on the grounds of the pathologic picture. In 27 cases histological changes were combined with characteristic clinico-laboratory manifestations of the syndrome. The latter was not found in 10 children who died of a severe local purulent process. PMID- 706116 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of children with bilateral hydronephrosis]. AB - The authors report on the results of surgical treatment of 17 children with bilateral hydronephrosis. Corrective operations gave better results in patients who had not yet developed irreversible structural changes in the kidneys. The authors believe that an early detection of hydronephrosis and removal of obstructions to normal urinary outflow from the kidneys are necessary. PMID- 706117 TI - Radiological studies of the alimentary tract in two Greek tortoises (Testudo graeca). AB - Barium sulphate was administered to two tortoises (Testudo graeca). Gastric emptying was not completed until 23 and 80 hours after barium administration and complete passage of barium through the gastrointestinal tract took 25 and 28 days. The consequences of these findings are discussed with reference to artificial feeding and medication regimes in chelonians. PMID- 706118 TI - Dealing with data: the practical use of numerical information. (6) Sampling the real thing. PMID- 706119 TI - Shaky leg syndrome and hip lesions in turkeys. AB - A leg weakness condition of turkeys, often called the "shaky leg" syndrome, is described and studies on its pathology reported. There appeared to be no consistent histopathological changes in the nervous, muscular or skeletal systems that were characteristic of the syndrome. During the course of the investigation it became clear that almost all turkeys examined from the age of four weeks, regardless of their locomotor status, strain or management, displayed small degenerative lesions situated medially on the neck of their femurs. PMID- 706120 TI - Isolation of potentially tremorgenic fungi from pasture associated with a condition resembling ryegrass staggers. PMID- 706122 TI - Autumn and winter fenbendazole treatment against inhibited 4th stage Ostertagia ostertagi larvae in cattle. PMID- 706121 TI - Daily variations in the shedding of the agent of contagious equine metritis 1977 by a carrier mare. PMID- 706123 TI - Demonstration of Cryptosporidia in the small intestine of a calf by light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 706124 TI - Pyrexia with dermatitis in dairy cows. PMID- 706125 TI - Selenium deficiency and grass sickness. PMID- 706126 TI - [Use of occlusive-selective angiography in the examination of the branches of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 706127 TI - [Use of prostaglandins in abdominal angiography]. PMID- 706128 TI - [Roentgenological diagnosis of symptomatic hypertension. 1. Methods of examination]. PMID- 706129 TI - [Renal angiography in the diagnosis of nephrogenic hypertension]. PMID- 706130 TI - [Radiological aspects of retrograde pancreatocholangiography]. PMID- 706131 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of renal lesions in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 706132 TI - [Scanning and angiography in the diagnosis of thyroid tumors]. PMID- 706133 TI - [Diagnosis of breast diseases during prophylactic x-ray examinations]. PMID- 706134 TI - [Importance of roentgenological detection of early forms of breast cancer, during mass screening, for patients' survival]. PMID- 706135 TI - [Fat necrosis of the breast]. PMID- 706136 TI - [Case of congenital epidermolysis bullosa with lesion of the esophagus]. PMID- 706137 TI - [Case of obturation of the small intestine by a gallbladder calculus]. PMID- 706138 TI - [Asphyctic thoracic dystrophy]. PMID- 706139 TI - [Effect of insulin on the amount of somatotropic hormone, immunoreactive insulin, blood sugar and free fatty acids in sheep]. AB - Studied was the effect of the venous injecting of insulin at the rate of 0.2 IU/kg body weight on the changes in the amount of the somatotropic hormone (STH), the immunoresponsive insulin, the free fatty acids (FFA), and the blood sugar in the serum of sheep, following their dynamics up to the 150th minute after application. The STH level rose to its peak value at the 60th min., after which it showed a lowering trend. The level of FFA dropped sharply after the injection of insulin, its lowest value being registered at the 60th min., after which it rose. By the end of the experiment the blood values of STH and FFA were close to those of the control animals. The blood sugar level started to drop 30 min. following the injection of insulin, and up to the end of the experiment a hypoglycaemic reaction was observed. PMID- 706140 TI - [Pathomorphological studies in experimental simazine poisoning of sheep]. AB - Studied were the morphologic changes in the viscera of 14 sheep and 2 goats experimentally intoxicated via the oral administration of simasin at various rates. The gross lesions consisted of catarrhal and hemorrhagic typhlitis, liver dystrophia, and enlargement of the gallbladder. Histologically, the acute cases presented granular degeneration of the liver and kidneys, oedema of the lungs, fatty infiltration of the myocardium, oedema, hyperemia, and hemorrhages in the brain. In the cases of chronic intoxication there were fatty degeneration of the liver as well as dystrophic changes in the testes, cerebrum, and cerebellum and diffuse granular degeneration of the kidney. Chronic intoxication of sheep with simasin at 1.4 and 3.0 mg per kilogram led to hypofunction of the thyroid; doses of 6.0 and 25 mg kg caused colloid struma while acute toxicity with 250 mg/kg (once and twice treated animals) caused parenchymal struma. A drop in the content of liver glycogen and degranulation of the mastocytes of the mesentery were also observed. PMID- 706141 TI - [Hygienic status of the water sources used on animal husbandry farms]. PMID- 706142 TI - [Changes in the biochemical and morphological indices of broiler chickens depending on the temperature and humidity conditions]. AB - A varying temperature and humidity regime was tested on a total of 200 hybrid birds (White Plymouth Rock x Cornish crosses). Investigated were some indices of the carbohydrate metabolism and the deposition of vitamins in the organism as well as the effect of the temperature and humidity regime on the growth and development of broilers. It was established that the content of glycogen in the liver and the muscles in birds raised first at 32 degree C and relative air humidity of 65--70 per cent was higher than in birds raised at 36 degree C and relative air humidity of 45--50 per cent. Besides, these observations were coupled with some changes in the content of blood sugar and the amount of A and E vitamins in the liver. The body weight of the test broilers by the end of the experiment was 30 grams higher than that of the control group broilers. PMID- 706143 TI - [Pharmacological and toxicological studies of novoolean]. AB - A toxicologic study and some pharmacologic investigations were carried out with the novobiocin salt of oleandomycin, formulated as novoolean. The LD50 of the of the preparation for i/m application to mice proved equal to 1500, and to rats- 1800 mg per kg of body weight. For oral introduction the average lethal dose for mice amounts to 3250 mg/kg. At such route of application on deaths were observed in rats after the administration of 5 000 mg/kg. A 30-day treatment via i/m application to rats of 180 mg/kg (which is equal to one tenth part of LD50) did not lead to changes in the growth, blood picture, and a number of clinical and biochemical indices of the blood and urine; there were no changes in the development and the structure of the viscera as well as the reproductive capacity of the test animals. Electron-microscope studies with rats treated in the same period with 360 mg/kg (one fifth of the LD50 value) revealed certain injuries of the liver kidneys. With cats the venous infusion of the preparation at rates of up to 15 mg/kg showed no changes in the blood pressure and the rhythm and pulse rate, and the addition of novoolean to the nutrient solution in concentrations of up to 100 mg/cu. cm did not influence the tonus and the motor function of isolated (after Magnus) sectioned portions of the small intestine of rabbits and guinea pigs. PMID- 706145 TI - [Morphological changes in the liver of gamma-irradiated chick embryos and chickens]. AB - The morphologic changes produced in the liver through irradiation at the rate of 1000 rad are characterized chiefly by a well expressed fatty dystrophia. At many sites there are pycnotic and lysed nuclei of the parenchymal cells. In the embryonic liver these changes are most strongly manifested in 12-day-old embryos. In contrast to the irradiated adult birds the embryonic liver presents no processes on necrosis after radiation treatment. PMID- 706144 TI - [Fluctuations in susceptibility of pigs to erysipelas depending on age]. AB - The results of experiments have shown that up to their second month of age pigs are not susceptible to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection. The invasion of the infective agent into the body of sich pigs neither causes an outbreak of the disease nor brings about changes in the immunologic indices under investigation, which shows that no infection process develops in these animals. At a later age infecting the pigs both with a broth culture of the pathogen and with material from organs, using the same doses as in the case of younger pigs has led to the development of a clinical process followed by enhancement of phagocytosis and rise of agglutination titers. PMID- 706146 TI - [Study and identification of the respiratory syncytial virus isolated from a leukemic cow]. AB - A virus was isolated from the lymph nodes of a cow. By its cultural, physical, chemical, and biologic properties it proved identical with the standard bovine respiratory syncytial virus. It multiplied well in cell cultures of calf kidney at pH 7--7.5. Introduced in 20-day-old guinea pigs the virus caused anorexia, bristling up of hairs, stunting, and occasionally death. The inoculated guinea pigs developed pneumonia of a proliferative type with Langhans' giant cells. The interrlationship between the isolated virus and the standard oncorna virus, type C, is discussed. PMID- 706147 TI - [Dynamics of the immune titers in commercial layers raised under increased lighting intensity]. AB - Investigations were carried out into the dynamics of the immune titers in commercial layers raised under equal conditions (exceptxor intense illumination for the control group). The trials were performed in the conditions of industrial poultry farming. Studied were the imune titers against NDV on the 14th, 21st, 35th, 68th, and 88th day following aerosol immunisation with the vaccinal strain Komarov. A higher titer for a more prolonged period in birds raised in the conditions of increased intensity of electric light within the range of 70--75 lx was established. PMID- 706148 TI - [Atrophic rhinitis in swine]. AB - Four 60-day-old pigs were experimentally infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica at a state in which the animals were clinicylly normal. A single pig only, killed on the 180th day, presented a slight deflection of septum nasi. Morphologically, there were severe dystrophic and necrotic changes in the mucosa of the conchae, the nasal cartilages as well as in the bones. The pathogen was reisolated from two of the pigs. Clinical and morphological investigations were carried out also with spontaneously affected animals, isolating Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycoplasma organisms, but not Bordetella bronchiseptic. Morphologically, there were in 37 of the pigs severe dystrophic and necrotic lesions in the nasal mucosa, cartilages, and bones. Basophilic inclusion bodies were demonstrated in the epithelial cells of the tubulous glands. It is concluded that a combined method of prophylaxis and treatment would be most effective, and of the drugs borgal has proved likewise most promising. PMID- 706149 TI - Enhancement of hyperpolarizing S-potentials by surround illumination in a teleost retina. PMID- 706150 TI - Stereopsis without binocular correlation. PMID- 706151 TI - Spatial summation in the fovea: asymmetrical effects of longer and shorter dimensions. PMID- 706152 TI - Wiener analysis of grating contrast judgments. PMID- 706153 TI - The influence of ethyl alcohol on slow off-responses in the human d.c. registered electroretinogram. PMID- 706154 TI - A sensitization effect with rectilinear stimuli. PMID- 706155 TI - Smooth eye tracking and the perception of motion in the absence of real movement. PMID- 706156 TI - Detection thresholds of the Hermann Grid illusion. PMID- 706157 TI - High-pass spatial frequency letters as clinical optotypes. PMID- 706158 TI - Orientation selectivity of single cells in striate cortex of cat: the shape of orientation tuning curves. PMID- 706159 TI - Spatial phase sensitivity for sinusoidal grating targets. PMID- 706161 TI - Orientable head-holder for use in visual research. PMID- 706160 TI - Behavioral confirmation of the "silent period" during adaptation to bright lights. PMID- 706162 TI - Grating generation by microcomputer. PMID- 706163 TI - Retina-lamina connectivity and polarization sensitivity in Crustacea. PMID- 706164 TI - Interactions between simultaneous contrast and coloured afterimages. PMID- 706165 TI - The time-course of induction of complementary images. PMID- 706166 TI - The range of spatial frequency contingent color aftereffects. PMID- 706167 TI - Perceptual distortion of an oblique line in the presence of an abutting vertical line. PMID- 706168 TI - The luminance-dependent nature of the visual abnormality in strabismic amblyopia. PMID- 706169 TI - Local control of retinomotor activity in the fish retina. PMID- 706170 TI - Binocular coordination of torsional eye movements in cyclofusional response. PMID- 706171 TI - Interactions between spatial frequency channels. PMID- 706172 TI - Space domain properties of a spatial frequency channel in human vision. PMID- 706173 TI - Quantitative characterization of two types of line-spread function near the fovea. PMID- 706174 TI - Human cone saturation as a function of ambient intensity: a test of models of shifts in the dynamic range. PMID- 706175 TI - Acute conditions: incidence and associated disability. United States, July 1976- June 1977. PMID- 706177 TI - Ambulatory care utilization patterns of children and young adults: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey United States, January-December 1975. PMID- 706178 TI - Characteristics of births. United States, 1973-1975. PMID- 706179 TI - Wanted and unwanted childbearing in the United States: 1968, 1969, and 1972 national natality surveys. PMID- 706181 TI - [Reproducibility of the oral glucose tolerance test and of the insulin-secretion curves]. PMID- 706180 TI - [Determination and significance of pulmonary shunts in chronic lung diseases]. PMID- 706182 TI - [Significance and indications for kidney biopsy in nephrological diagnosis]. PMID- 706183 TI - [Possibilities in the determination of kidney concentrating ability as based on the DDAVP [deamino-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin] test]. PMID- 706184 TI - [Theory and practice of exercise tests. I. Methods]. PMID- 706185 TI - [Theory and practice of exercise tests. II. Evaluation]. PMID- 706186 TI - [Physical principles of echocardiography]. PMID- 706187 TI - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 706188 TI - [The internal medium and myocardial infarct]. PMID- 706189 TI - [Experience with heparin and hydrocortisone administration during the 1st phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 706190 TI - [Clinical use of rheography in the examination of peripheral arteries]. PMID- 706191 TI - [Comparison of total lung capacity as measured using the x-ray, helium and plethysmographic technic]. PMID- 706192 TI - [Work experience of a Komsomol political education circle]. PMID- 706193 TI - [Ways to improve the information support for the medical service management organs]. PMID- 706194 TI - [Problems in organizing and rendering aid to severely injured victims]. PMID- 706195 TI - [Treatment of wounds to the extremities]. PMID- 706196 TI - [Errors in the treatment of wounds]. PMID- 706197 TI - [Treatment of severe injuries to the extremities at medical evacuation centers]. PMID- 706198 TI - [Clinical characteristics of the course of the wounds following chemical burns]. PMID- 706199 TI - [Diagnostic criteria in chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 706200 TI - [Hepatitis in burn patients]. PMID- 706201 TI - [Stadeoplasty in otosclerosis in servicemen]. PMID- 706202 TI - [Epidemiological analysis of postoperative infectious complications]. PMID- 706204 TI - [Effect of neuroemotional stress on the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 706203 TI - [Effectiveness of comprehensive immunization with typhoid fever vaccine and polyanatoxin in combination with plague and small pox antigens]. PMID- 706205 TI - [Action of gusty air noises on the functional state of the erythrocytes in healthy persons]. PMID- 706206 TI - [Physiological reserves of the body: the leading problem of the physiology of naval work]. PMID- 706207 TI - [Determination of the times for surgical intervention in injuries to the lower extremities]. PMID- 706208 TI - [Plastic repair of the anterior cruciate ligament by a graft from the fibrous capsule of the joint]. PMID- 706210 TI - [Thromboangiitis obliterans]. PMID- 706209 TI - [Treatment characteristics of condylar fractures of the tibia]. PMID- 706211 TI - [Surgical treatment of tumorous bronchadenitis]. PMID- 706212 TI - [Characteristics of the course of exudative pleurisy in young people]. PMID- 706213 TI - [Method of routine health inspection of objects in the food rations service]. PMID- 706214 TI - [Diagnosis of the initial stage of parodontosis]. PMID- 706215 TI - [Variation of the 5D-1 dental x-ray apparatus]. PMID- 706216 TI - [Tutorship is an efficacious means of educating and training future military physicians]. PMID- 706217 TI - [Troop unit on-the-job training of students of a military pharmacist section]. PMID- 706218 TI - [Instructional and educational work in a military department]. PMID- 706219 TI - [Early diagnosis as a basis for medical triage of victims of ionizing radiation]. PMID- 706220 TI - [Burn shock as a prognostic index of the course and outcome of burn disease]. PMID- 706221 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of shock in multiple lesions in burn patients]. PMID- 706222 TI - [Political studies to meet today's requirements]. PMID- 706224 TI - [Infusion therapy of burn shock using blood substitute fluids]. PMID- 706223 TI - [Anesthesiological and resuscitation service in traumatic shock]. PMID- 706225 TI - [Methodological principles in evaluating the functional state of the visual analyzer]. PMID- 706226 TI - [Prognosis of readaptive disorders occurring after prolonged hypokinesia]. PMID- 706227 TI - [Cerebral circulatory characteristics of pilots in the process of flight activities]. PMID- 706229 TI - [Marking of large-frame fluorograms in mass fluorographic examinations]. PMID- 706228 TI - [Biochemical aspects of adaptation of sailors to a long cruise]. PMID- 706230 TI - [Liver function in patients after severe burn trauma]. PMID- 706231 TI - [Assisted artificial pulmonary ventilation in respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 706232 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of femoral stress disease]. PMID- 706233 TI - [Surgical treatment and rehabilitation of persons with traumatic cataracts]. PMID- 706234 TI - [Approach of the physician in complicated nasal furuncles and carbuncles]. PMID- 706235 TI - [Asthenic states in soldiers during the period of adaptation to military service]. PMID- 706236 TI - [Veteran of military medicine in the Far East]. PMID- 706237 TI - [Visit to the USSR of a military medical delegation from France]. PMID- 706238 TI - [Education and training of health personnel for general national defense]. PMID- 706239 TI - [Various epidemiological and clinical characteristics of rheumatic fever in a military collective]. PMID- 706240 TI - [Our five-year experience in the treatment of acute myocardial infarct under intensive care conditions]. PMID- 706241 TI - [Incidence of proteinuria in acute infections of the upper respiratory tract in soldiers and cadets of the YPA]. PMID- 706242 TI - [Levels of thrombocytes in traumatic shock]. PMID- 706243 TI - [Hemorrhagic nonspecific pericarditis]. PMID- 706244 TI - [Basic elements of automated retrieval of data bases in information systems]. PMID- 706245 TI - [Rare localizations and complications of echinococcal cysts]. PMID- 706246 TI - [Heart tumors with presentation of two cases]. PMID- 706247 TI - [Emergency stomatological interventions]. PMID- 706248 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of chronic recurrent parotitis]. PMID- 706249 TI - [Fractional composition of acid glycosaminoglycans in the aortas of rats during the evolution of hypercholesteremia]. PMID- 706250 TI - [Effect of contrical on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and their isoenzymes in the organs and tissues of burned animals]. PMID- 706251 TI - [Distribution of radioactive phosphorus (P32) and intensity of ATP metabolism in the cardiac muscle of rats following partial parasympathectomy and physical stress]. AB - ATP turnover as well as incorporation of 32P into various parts of myocardium were studied after left-side vagotomy and physical loading. An increase in 32P incorporation was observed within 5, 10, 30, 105 days after the operation. Physical loading decreased the isotope incorporation into heart tissue of vagotomized and control animals under these conditions. The vagotomy did not alter the ATP content in rat myocardium but increased the turnover of ATP. PMID- 706252 TI - [Properties of cholinesterase preparations from human erythroyctes]. AB - A modified method is described for isolation of acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes using an additional step of gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. Preparations of acetylcholinesterase were liberated from thromaboplastic activity and their specific activity was increased due to removal of low molecular proteins and of the products of destruction of hemoglobin. Content of A and B isoantigens in the preparations obtained was rather low and content of hemoglobin, combined with other proteins in the form of oxyhemoglobin, did not exceed 12% of the total protein. PMID- 706253 TI - [State of protein and mineral metabolism following thyrocalcitonin administration during experimental osteogenesis]. AB - Prolonged administration of thyrocalcitonine (TC) into rats (at a dose 5 un per animal) led to some alterations in protein and mineral metabolism: decrease in content of calcium and phosphorus in blood, activation of alkaline phosphatase in blood, decrease in excretion of hydroxyproline, increase in excretion of aminonitrogen with urine. Distinct correlation was observed between the metabolic activity and definite steps in reparative osteogenesis. Exogenous TC activated the cellular structures, which participated in the regenerative processes, promoted the rapid turnover of bone generation and decreased the periods of tracture healing. PMID- 706254 TI - [Serotonin inactivation by tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and liver in the presence of dysenteric poisoning]. AB - Intravenous administration of serotonin into healthy rabbits was accompanied by an increase in content of serotonin in blood of vena cava inferior but the level of serotonin in blood of vena portae and vena centralis hepatis was unaltered. Concentration of serotonin was increased in all parts of the venous system studied after administration of serotonin into andogenous histamine was stimulated. Administration of iproniazid, simultaneously with the dysenteric toxin, led to decrease in inactivation not only of serotonin, but also of histamine. PMID- 706255 TI - [Effect of acute hypoxia on the metabolic activity of lung tissue]. AB - Metabolic activity of rat lungs were studied in normal state and in acute hypoxia, caused by an effect of rarefied atmosphere (3 hrs, "height" 10,000 m). Glycolytic splitting of carbohydrates and catabolism of proteins were increased in lungs under hypoxic stress. In hypoxia activities of adlobase, pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase were increased, but hexokinase activity was decreased. Activities of lipase, lactate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase were not altered, whereas the ratio in specific activity of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase was decreased. PMID- 706256 TI - [Mechanism of action of salidrozide on the metabolism of cerebral catecholamines]. PMID- 706257 TI - [Adrenaline and noradrenaline elimination from the blood of rats of different ages]. AB - Elimination of adrenaline and noradrenaline from blood of adult and old rats was studied within different periods after administration of the catecholamines. Adrenaline was eliminated from blood of rats of both age groups with the similar rate; however, the time of elimination of noradrenaline was distinctly longer in old animals are compared with the adult ones. The alterations observed may be due to the effects of sympathetic system on metabolic process in various tissues in the old age. PMID- 706258 TI - [Incorporation of 2-14C-acetate into the glycolipids of the spinal cord and brain stem of normal guinea pigs and guinea pigs in the paralytic stage of triorthocresylphosphate poisoning]. AB - Paralytical form of chronic intoxication was caused by single intracutaneous administration of tri-O-cresyl phosphate (TOCP)/2=2.2 ml/kg/ into guinea pigs. Within the first 27--33 days after the treatment, the animals with pronounced symptoms of neurotoxic effect of TOCP were subcutaneously administered with 2-14C acetate/100 mu Ci per 100 g of body weight/2 hrs before decapitation. Purified cerebrosides, gangliosides and acid-soluble fraction, containing 14C-precursors, were isolated and their specific radiactivity was measured in a gas-flow counter. The rate of 14C incorporation into cerebrosides and gangliosides in spinal cord was found to exceed that in brain stem. In paralytical stage of disease, caused by TOCP, synthesis of cerebroside was depressed in spinal cord and in brain stem, according to calculated value for relative specific radioactivity. In spinal cord the rate of 14C incorporation into gangliosides was also decreased. These data suggest that neurtoxic drug TOCP affects metabolic processes both in oligodendroglial cells and in neurons, where ganglioside biosynthesis occurs. PMID- 706259 TI - [Activating effect of indolylhdrazides on rat brain monamine oxidase]. AB - Effects of hydrazide and isopropyl hydrazide of beta-/2-methyl indolyl 3/propionic acid as well as dihydrazide and isopropyl dihydrazide of alpha-butyl beta/2-methyl-5-carboxyindolyl-3/propionic acid on activity of monoamine oxidase from rat brain were studied in vivo and in vitro. The effects of the preparations depend on the initial activity of the enzyme, concentrations of the compounds and on the substrate used. Decreased monoamine oxidase activity was the most suitable condition for detection of activating effect of compounds studied. PMID- 706260 TI - [Use of catechol-O-methyltransferase determinations for assessment of the state of catechnolamine metabolism in man]. PMID- 706261 TI - [Effect of acetylcholine on protein biosynthesis in regions of the heart in adult and old rats]. AB - Effect of acetylcholine on incorporation of labelled amino acids (14C hydrolysate of chlorella protein) into the free amino acid pool and total protein was studied using slices of auricles, right and left heart ventricles, obtained from 2-month, 8--10 month and 26--28-month old rats. Changes in the intensity of protein biosynthesis were estimated by following relative specific activity (RSA--protein specific activity/free amino acid pool specific activity). Maximal increase in the RSA value was found: in auricles of 2-month old rats in presence of 2.5.10( 4) M acetylcholine, in adult rats--in presence of 1.10(-3) M acetylcholine and in old rats--in presence of 5.10(-4) M acetylcholine; in right ventricle of all age groups--at the concentration of 1.10(-5) M acetylcholine. In left ventricle of all age groups the changes in RSA value were statistically unsignificant. Atropine blocked the stimulating effect of acetylcholine on protein biosynthesis in auricles. PMID- 706262 TI - [Effect of biogenic amines on phosphorolysis and gamma-amylolysis of glycogen in the cardiac muscle of rats under anesthesia]. AB - Adrenaline, poradrenaline, serotonin, triptamine and 3-hydroxytyramine activated glycogen phosphorolysis in heart of nonanesthetized rats due to increase in the phosphorylase A activity. Anesthesia with nembutal and ether prevented the stimulating effect of biogenic amines (excluding serotonin) on phosphorolysis. Adrenaline, administered into animals anesthetized with nembutal, inhibited the glycogen phosphorolysis. Noradrenaline caused a decrease in gamma-amylolysis of glycogen in anesthetized and untreated rats. The inhibitory effect of adrenaline on glycogen gamma-amylolysis occurred in rat heart muscle only under the conditions of anesthesia. PMID- 706263 TI - [Method of studying collagen metabolism in human skin]. AB - Rate of collagen biosynthesis was evaluated by monitoring total radioactivity of 14C-proline in soluble and unsoluble collagen. The rate of collagen maturation was estimated by following radioactivity of 14C-hydroxyproline in unsoluble fraction of collagen. Correlation between the concentration of collagen in skin and the rate of its biosynthesis enabled to determine the rate of collagen degradation. The modified method differed from the original one in the procedure for estimation of total and radioactive hydroxyproline, in technique for extraction of collagen fractions, soluble in 0.45 M NaCl, in composition of experimental samples. Some reagents were substituted for more easily available analogues. The modified method, as compared with original one, was more informative, simple and less expensive, but maintained the good reproducibility and sensitiivity of the original method. PMID- 706265 TI - [Current views on exudative diathesis in children]. PMID- 706264 TI - [Use of dispersion analysis for studying the biochemical composition of the walls of the major arteries of the head and cerebral arteries in man]. PMID- 706266 TI - [Radioallergosorbent test as an additional method for diagnosis of sensitization in children]. PMID- 706267 TI - [Current clinical aspects of bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 706268 TI - [Specific features in diagnosis and clinico-immunological aspects of atopic forms of bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 706270 TI - [Current problems of allergology in pediatrics]. PMID- 706269 TI - [Atopic bronchial asthma and foci of chronic infection]. PMID- 706271 TI - [Food allergy in bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 706272 TI - [Clinical and roentgenological aspects of allergy of the bronchopulmonary system in children]. PMID- 706273 TI - [Role of tryptophan metabolism disorders in the etiology of mental retardation in children]. PMID- 706274 TI - [Somatotropic function of the adenohypophysis in thymus hyperplasia in children]. PMID- 706275 TI - [Specific features of electroencephalography in premature and neonates with damaged central nervous system]. PMID- 706276 TI - [Interrelationship between maternal and fetal cardiac rhythms during labor]. PMID- 706277 TI - [Acid-base balance of the maternal, fetal, and neonatal blood in electroanesthesia during labor]. PMID- 706278 TI - [Regulation of labor activity with a spasmoanalgesic agent, baralgin]. PMID- 706279 TI - [Use of local hypothermia for prevention of hemorrhage during cesarean section]. PMID- 706280 TI - [Carcinoid of the trachea simulating bronchial asthma in a child]. PMID- 706281 TI - [Agranulocytosis in a 12-year-old girl]. PMID- 706282 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in an infant]. PMID- 706283 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in hypophyseal nanism and diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 706284 TI - [Study of subtype HBs-Ag in children with serum hepatitis]. PMID- 706285 TI - [Functional state of the pancreas in children with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 706286 TI - [Lipid metabolism in newborn infants with discirculatory encephalopathy]. PMID- 706287 TI - [Drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in children]. PMID- 706288 TI - [Treatment of hypochromic anemias in infants]. PMID- 706289 TI - [Differential diagnosis of attacks of bronchial asthma and the asthmatic syndrome in children using Wald's successive analysis]. PMID- 706290 TI - [Results of dyspensary observation of children who sustained Far Eastern scarlatina-like fever (pseudotuberculosis)]. PMID- 706291 TI - [Aspects of human tumor genetics]. PMID- 706292 TI - [Tumors in animals irradiated during embryogenesis]. AB - In experiments on 465 male and female white non-lineal rats irradiated in their embryonal (7th day--240 rats), organogenesis (14th day--105 rats) and foetal periods of embryogenesis (19th day--120 rats) with 60Co--rays in a dose of 100 r, its actual power 168 r/m, and on 73 control rats the authors have studied the frequency and terms of tumors appearance. A group comprising 219 experimental rats and 53 control animals, died during a period of 200--600 days following their birth, was analysed. Irradiation at different stages of embryogenesis would provide a statistically significant increase in the frequency of tumors and shorten the terms of their appearance. In control animals tumors arose in 16,9% (in 9 of 53 animals). Embryonal and foetal periods of embryogenesis proved to be mostly susceptible as evidenced by the yield of radiation tumors. In animals exposed to irradiation in their embryonal period tumors arose in 64,5% (in 69 of 107 rats), in the foetal period--in 62,8% (in 44 of 70 rats), and during the period of organogenesis--in 42,8% (in 18 of 42 rats). Rats exposed to irradiation in the embryonal and foetal period of embryogenesis developed tumors to the 120- 180th day of the experiment, while in the organogenesis period--to the 400th day. Maximum tumor appearance was observed in the last third of the lifetime. Male rats irradiated in the period of embryogenesis developed tumors of the mammary gland and bones, females- ovarian and bone tumors, which were absent in control animals. PMID- 706293 TI - [Type-C viral particles in cell cultures of chemically induced glioma in Sprague Dawley rats]. AB - Long-term cultures of a glioma induced in a Sprague-Dawley rat exposed to methylnitrosourea were examined by thin-section electron microscopy. Budding and extracellular lying C-type virus particles were numerous in several samples of the highpassage cultures. This is the first report of a chemically induced rat glioma associated with C-type virus particles. Studies with an aim to characterize this rat glioma associated virus are in progress. PMID- 706294 TI - [Mechanisms of the immunodepression caused by ortho-aminoazotoluene and its noncarcinogenic analog in mice]. AB - Single injections of ortho-aminoazotoluene (OAT) or aminoazobenzene (AB) decrease the immune response of DD mice to the strain-nonspecific Krebs-2 tumor. The immunosuppressive action of AB is due to its toxicity for lymphoid cells, whereas the OAT effect is mediated by adrenal glands. After OAT injection,II oxycorticosteroids level is elevated although their production by adrenal glands is not increased. The accumulation of glucocorticoids in blood after OAT injection is assumed to be the result of a decreased hormone utilization because of the blockade of receptor proteins or metabolizing enzymes in liver cells by a carcinogen. PMID- 706295 TI - [Nephrogenic hypertension and carcinogenesis]. AB - The results of studies conducted on 355 white nonpedigree male rats (268 experimental and 87 intact animals) indicated that nephrogenic hypertension: a) potentiates the development of benz(a) pyrene induced blastomas; b) enhances, as a rule, the growth of transplantable tumors: carcinoma RS-1 and sarcoma 45; c) results in a tendency to more frequent metastasization of the tumors (Walker carcinosarcoma and Zajdela ascites hepatoma). PMID- 706296 TI - [Significance of modifying factors in the development of peripheral nervous system tumors in rabbits]. AB - The experiments conducted on 170 rabbits have indicated that the development of neurogenic tumors under the exposure to methylnitrosourea procedes more rapidly in immunization with the tissue homogenate from the rabbit sciatic nerve (using a complete Freund's adjuvant) in chronic irritation of the peripheral trunk and in hypothyroidism and estrogenization of the organism of animals under test. Castration and thyroidin administration would reduce the number of experimental tumors of the peripheral nervous system and lengthen the latent period of their development. PMID- 706297 TI - [Kinetic patterns of the development of transplantable AKR leukemia]. AB - Under study was the kinetics of the development in primary passages of AKR leukemia transplanted by different number of cells. The indices of the leukemic process (the spleen, lymph nodes, the liver, thymus, blood leucocytes) vary with time in extreme curves. The leukemia transplantability is reduced from 100% to 24% with lessening of the transplant from 10(4) to 10(1) cells. The latent period duration and the survival of mice are linearly related to the transplanted cells number logarythm. PMID- 706298 TI - [Transplantation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced uterine sarcomas in CBA mice]. PMID- 706299 TI - [Transplantable mammary tumor (strain 0-1552) in the Djzungarian hamster]. PMID- 706301 TI - [Metatypical skin cancer (1 case)]. PMID- 706300 TI - [Effect of prolonged arterial hypotension on the longevity of rats with Walker tumor]. PMID- 706302 TI - [Growth hormone and insulin in the blood in pancreatic cancer during the glucose tolerance test]. PMID- 706303 TI - [Diagnostic importance of water and salt loads in stomach cancer]. PMID- 706304 TI - [Tasks of health inspection in the area of environmental protection]. PMID- 706305 TI - [Case of a large ectopic thymoma with a local form of myasthenia]. PMID- 706306 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of the radiant heat of the welding arch in certain types of ferrous metal welding]. PMID- 706307 TI - [Allergenic action of the new epoxy resins]. PMID- 706308 TI - [Physiological characteristics of the functional state of the human body while viewing color tv transmissions]. PMID- 706309 TI - [Immunological reactions to tissue antigens in influenza]. PMID- 706310 TI - [Clinical and treatment characteristics of severe forms of influenzal meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 706311 TI - [Peripheral blood in echinococcosis]. PMID- 706312 TI - [Analysis of the indices of agricultural injuries with a fatal outcome]. PMID- 706313 TI - [Analysis of the injuries in agricultural production resulting in persistent loss of work capacity]. PMID- 706314 TI - [Cytochemical studies of the peripheral blood lymphocytes at different periods of chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 706315 TI - [Sympathetic-adrenal system in chronic cardiovascular insufficiency in hypertension]. PMID- 706316 TI - [Change in cardiac inotropic function and in lesser circulation hemodynamics in coronary atherosclerosis]. PMID- 706317 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of pericardial mesothelioma]. PMID- 706318 TI - [Problems of treating autonomic disorders accompanying vascular dystonias]. PMID- 706319 TI - [Case of ventricular tachysystole treated with unithiol]. PMID- 706320 TI - [Rectal use of strophanthin in cor pulmonale]. PMID- 706321 TI - [Karyological analysis and cytochemical characteristics of the blood cells in preleukemic states]. PMID- 706322 TI - [Determination of the volume of fluid discharge into the pulmonary lymphatic bed in IV-V stage mitral stenosis]. PMID- 706323 TI - [Case of a prolonged course in Hamman-Rich disease]. PMID- 706324 TI - [Structural and functional characteristics of the tissue changes in nonspecific inflammatory lung diseases]. PMID- 706325 TI - [Mechanical properties of the lungs in tuberculosis]. PMID- 706326 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in adults]. PMID- 706327 TI - [Functional and morphological changes in the liver during intravenous chemohormonotherapy]. PMID- 706328 TI - [Case of postmortem detection of a stomach ulcer in a female pulmonary tuberculosis patient]. PMID- 706329 TI - [Bile lipid complex in chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis in combination with biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 706330 TI - [A typical course of pancreatic polycystosis over many years]. PMID- 706331 TI - [Effect of nerobol and its combinations with choline and splenin on liver function]. PMID- 706332 TI - [Trace element content in the blood in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 706333 TI - [Sodium and potassium content in the mixed saliva of peptic ulcer, stomach cancer and anacid gastritis patients]. PMID- 706334 TI - [Case of the intravital diagnosis of a peritoneal mesothelioma]. PMID- 706335 TI - [Adrenal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid functions in postthyrotoxic encephaloophthalmopathy]. PMID- 706336 TI - [Isolated diplegias of the facial nerve]. PMID- 706337 TI - Health education of children and young people. PMID- 706338 TI - Improving education and research through the Pan American Health and Education Foundation (PAHEF). PMID- 706339 TI - Pesticides for use in public health. PMID- 706340 TI - Cancer control in Europe: cause for disquiet. PMID- 706341 TI - New wastewater treatment method yields a harvest of saleable algae. PMID- 706343 TI - Cancer mortality in Europe, 1970--74. PMID- 706342 TI - WHO urges clear warning to tourists of malaria risks. PMID- 706344 TI - School health statistics: conflicts in existing services. PMID- 706345 TI - Neonatal care in Jamaica. PMID- 706346 TI - Neonatal death at the University Hospital of the West Indies. PMID- 706347 TI - The size of Jamaican newborns from 27--42 weeks gestation. PMID- 706348 TI - Abortion attitudes in Trinidad. PMID- 706350 TI - The normal ranges of some constituents in the serum. PMID- 706349 TI - Penetrating wounds of the abdomen. PMID- 706351 TI - Undergraduate education in anaesthesia at the University Hospital of the West Indies including medical students' evaluation of the programme. PMID- 706352 TI - A review of the aetiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Part III: nutritional factors and metabolic disorders. PMID- 706353 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria in Jamaica. PMID- 706354 TI - Endobronchial metastases in breast carcinoma. AB - In a consecutive series of 1,628 patients with breast carcinoma, six cases of endobronchial metastases were diagnosed for an incidence of 0.4 percent. The median latent interval from the diagnosis of the primary carcinoma until the time of diagnosis of endobronchial metastases was 21 months. Endobronchial metastases can be the initial manifestation of recurrent cancer and can present with no abnormalities shown on x-ray films of the chest. Because of similar symptomatology, the diagnosis of endobronchial metastases may be confused with a central bronchogenic carcinoma but the histological appearance could differentiate the two entities. Local treatment with radiation therapy is usually inadequate and patients should also be treated with some form of systemic treatment such as chemotherapy. The median survival after the diagnosis of endobronchial metastases was 13 months. PMID- 706355 TI - Urinary tract infection/vaginitis protocol. Use in a walk-in clinic. AB - A process, outcome and salary-cost analysis was made of the use of a urinary tract infection/vaginitis protocol. Three nurse practitioners, in a university based, walk-in clinic, cared for 128 women presenting with complaints of dysuria or vaginal discharge, or both. There were no significant differences among the nurse practitioners in data collection, diagnostic accuracy or patient outcome. The diagnoses were correct in 92 percent, incorrect in 6 percent and indeterminate in 2 percent of the patients. Incorrect diagnoses were due to presumption of urinary tract infection in patients with the urethral syndrome or vaginitis. Of the patients, 78 percent were actually sent home without seeing a physician. Concordance with the nurse practitioners' physical examination was 100 percent in those patients examined by a physician. In 82 percent of the patients there was alleviation of symptoms. Patient satisfaction with this method of care was extraordinary, with 98 percent of the patients giving favorable reports. True physician extension was achieved with a reduction in physician time per patient from 20 minutes to 6 minutes. In contrast to previously reported data, only a modest reduction in salary cost savings (10 percent) could be shown. The author concludes that nurse practitioners working in an acute care clinic or emergency department can see the patients defined in the study and provide high-quality care at a reasonable cost. PMID- 706356 TI - Unifocal bone findings by scintigraphy. Clinical significance in patients with known primary cancer. AB - Preliminary findings suggest that in patients with known primary cancer, a large percentage of unifocal lesions seen on radionuclide bone scans are not metastatic. In a survey of radionuclide bone studies done on 861 consecutive patients, 30 patients with known primary cancer had solitary lesions. Adequate follow-up information was available on 21 of these 30 patients. In only four did the lesions prove to be caused by metastatic malignancy. PMID- 706357 TI - Specialty conference. Staphylococcal pneumonia. PMID- 706358 TI - Role of hyperglycemia in the progression of diabetic vascular disease. PMID- 706359 TI - A perspective on health care costs. PMID- 706360 TI - Neutropenia and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 706361 TI - Child health assessment and screening using a volunteer staff. AB - A child health assessment and screening program, staffed by volunteers, has evaluated approximately 5,000 children in a general pediatric clinic. A sample of 500 children was studied to determine characteristics of the population served, quality of the work of the volunteers and the number of new problems identified. Use of well-trained volunteers, provided with adequate supervision and follow-up physical examination of the children, identified many new problems at minimal cost and proved an effective means of expanding quality health care. PMID- 706362 TI - Infective endocarditis and the cardiac conducting system. PMID- 706363 TI - [ST segment as a prognostic sign in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 706364 TI - [Intestinal invasion in hospitalized children in the light of data from a parasitology laboratory]. PMID- 706365 TI - [Ovarian neoplasms during pregnancy, labora and puerperium]. PMID- 706367 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 706366 TI - [Comparative assessment of metronidazole and fasygin in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis in girls]. PMID- 706368 TI - [Primary congestive cardiomyopathy in a 26-year-old man complicated by myocardial infarct and death]. PMID- 706369 TI - [Clinical manifestations and pathomorphology of obturative cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 706370 TI - [Idiopathic hemorrhage from the superior thyroid artery]. PMID- 706371 TI - [Mixed connective tissue diseases or systemic lupus erythematosus?]. PMID- 706372 TI - [Sporadic cases of leptospirosis]. PMID- 706374 TI - [Multiple cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 706373 TI - [Ovarian hemorrhage immediately following cholecystectomy]. PMID- 706375 TI - [Bencyclane (Halidor) in the treatment of migraine and similar headaches]. PMID- 706377 TI - [Course of pregnancy, labor and puerperium in women with heart valve diseases]. PMID- 706376 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in children with Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 706378 TI - [Results of thoracic sympathectomy in the treatment of chronic ischemia of the upper extremities]. PMID- 706379 TI - [Modern treatment of hand ganglions]. PMID- 706380 TI - [Case of diabetes complicated by Addison's disease]. PMID- 706381 TI - [Case of botulin toxin type B intoxication with respiratory muscle paralysis]. PMID- 706382 TI - [Sensory polyneuropathy caused by pantothenic acid deficiency]. PMID- 706383 TI - [Case of Turner-Kieser syndrome (osteoonychodysostosis)]. PMID- 706384 TI - [Perforation of duodenal wall with phlegmonous appendicitis in an 11-year-old girl]. PMID- 706385 TI - [Case of gangrenous appendicitis with simultaneous perforation of transverse colon carcinoma]. PMID- 706386 TI - [Twin pregnancy complicated by the death of 1 of the fetuses]. PMID- 706387 TI - [Problem of truth disclosure]. PMID- 706388 TI - [Results of treatment of unstable hypertonia through physical training within the scope of a Bad Halle health resort cure]. PMID- 706389 TI - [Comparison of lying and sitting positions in increasing ergometer load. II. Studies on patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 706390 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of hypophyseal dwarfism]. PMID- 706391 TI - [Hypothesis on the relationship between breast cancer and nutrition. Analysis of the secondary statistical material]. PMID- 706392 TI - [Salicylate hepatitis]. PMID- 706394 TI - [Reliability of the Haemoccult test]. PMID- 706393 TI - [Thiocyanate poisoning in antihypertensive therapy using sodium nitroprusside]. PMID- 706395 TI - [Toxic pulmonary edema due to teflon vapors]. PMID- 706396 TI - [Abnormalities of the upper urinary tract in childhood. Symptomatology and diagnosis]. PMID- 706398 TI - [Psychiatry fleeing from itself?]. PMID- 706397 TI - [Diagnostic strategy for suspected thyroid diseases in practice]. PMID- 706399 TI - [Alaryngeal speech]. PMID- 706401 TI - [Diagnostic problems in tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 706400 TI - [Vascular surgery procedures during acute and chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 706402 TI - [Epidemiology of endemic struma during iodine salt prevention]. PMID- 706403 TI - [Mammography controversy]. PMID- 706404 TI - [Morphology and histogenesis of adenomatoid tumors of the genitalia. (Including case report of pregnancy)]. PMID- 706405 TI - [Experience report on Austria's first operating room using the ALLLO-PRO-laminar flow-system]. PMID- 706406 TI - [Surgical indication, surgical technic and hemodynamics of supra-aortic arterial diseases]. PMID- 706407 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 706408 TI - [Report on 4 cases of congenital esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 706409 TI - [Austria's longest surviving patient following "extended" pneumonectomy]. PMID- 706410 TI - [Deforming insertion-tendopathy]. PMID- 706411 TI - [Rational diagnosis of hematuria]. PMID- 706412 TI - [Practice-related diagnostic program for disease control during and following therapy of thyroid diseases]. PMID- 706413 TI - [Relaparotomy in vascular surgery]. PMID- 706414 TI - [Diagnosis of papillary changes necessitating surgery]. PMID- 706415 TI - [Clinical results following surgical bypass of the small intestine for treatment of extreme obesity]. PMID- 706416 TI - [Surgical therapy of actinic intestinal lesions]. PMID- 706417 TI - [Aplasia of the gallbladder]. PMID- 706418 TI - [Shift and night work from the industrial hygiene viewpoint]. PMID- 706419 TI - [Significance of tuberculosis as a national disease]. PMID- 706420 TI - [Fitness to handle traffic following thiopental and methohexital]. PMID- 706421 TI - Choice of preoperative treatment in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 706422 TI - Needle aspiration and needle biopsy of the thyroid. PMID- 706423 TI - Survival after mastectomy for breast cancer: predictive value of lymphocyte count and its change after mastectomy in patients with metastases to one to three axillary nodes. PMID- 706424 TI - Graded gastric bypass. PMID- 706425 TI - Five-year experience with Lillehei-Kaster prostheses in the aortic position. PMID- 706426 TI - Indications for peritoneo-jugular shunt for ascites. PMID- 706427 TI - Plasma glucagon in acute and chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 706428 TI - Experience with routine postoperative choledochoscopy via the T-tube sinus tract. PMID- 706430 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity. PMID- 706429 TI - Whole-gut transit rates and wet stool weight in an urban Nigerian population. PMID- 706431 TI - Bedrest in the treatment of chronic hypertension during pregnancy. PMID- 706432 TI - Hypercalcemia, metastatic calcifications and cardiac abnormalities. PMID- 706433 TI - [Diagnostic standards in geriatric surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis in the field of surgery of the old age is to be standarized if you suppose that not all illnesses or consequences of accidents are the real problem, but the old age which is accompanied by multi-illnesses. So it must be examined in how far it is possible to realise the great existing risk. Besides most of the operations of the old age belong to the urgent surgery and care connected with a great risk. A standardized diagnosis must think of the individual factors and must recognize--because of the little time--the most important signs of the heart circulation-, the lung-and the kidney-function. This must be united with the results of the diagnosis of the organes to a pre- and postoperative therapeutic programme. PMID- 706434 TI - [Diagnostic standards in the ophthalmological geriatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic standards have a big practical importance in the ophthalmological geriatrics above all in glaucoma, apart from the presbyopia, which depends to the age in a big way. It is expected by the putting up of diagnostic standards only a low effect for other changes of the eye in old age. PMID- 706435 TI - [Diagnostic standards in geriatrics (author's transl)]. AB - This paper, which is based upon and interdisciplinary discussion of the subject by members of the Geriatrics Division of the G.D.R. Society of Gerontology, deals with questions concerning the elaboration of standards of diagnosis in geriatrics. In addition to general considerations, the author discusses a number of those problems which general practitioners and specialists in internal medicine usually come up against. Complete solutions cannot, in the present state of development, be offered. Rather, efforts are being made to invite experts, by the raising of questions, to further discuss the whole subject in order to arrive at definite rules of specific diagnosis by drawing on as wide a range of experience, findings, and information as possible. PMID- 706436 TI - [Diagnostic standards for geriatric patients in orthopedics (author's transl)]. AB - Geriatric patients in orthopedics frequently fail ill of some typical diseases. For clearing up of diagnosis in the clinical investigation the application of Neutral-O-transitional method and of some supplementary investigation (who lead likewise to numerical findings) are recommendable. Selected roentgenograms and laboratory methods are necessary additional for clearing of diagnosis. The application of this "diagnostic standard" is an effective guide for diagnosis and an improvement in the exchange of findings between medical specialists. PMID- 706437 TI - [To the question of borderline case between psychology and psychopathology in higher age (author's transl)]. AB - Proceeding from the general problems of geropsychiatric lines of research, a number of developments of psychitc functions (intelligence, memory, speed of psychic-cognitive and psychomotor processes, cerebral fatigue, concentration power, higher perception functions) are discussed in dependence on the age. The paper explains that the process of ageing has different effects on the various psychic subfunctions. This fact is of great significance for rehabilitative measures for old-age people. PMID- 706438 TI - [Change of clinical stomatological parameters in ageing (author's transl)]. AB - Morphological-functional changes occur in the oral cavity also in depended from the age. The morphological changes of the enamel, dentin, dental pulp, periodont, oral mucosa, salivary glands, tongue, maxillary bone and temporo-mandibular-joint change not only the functional cooperation of all parts in the orofacial system. They show effects for the whole body also. A complete gerostomatological standard does not exist for the whole gnathological system. But single indices for some partial components are known. For the judgement of the caries involvement it is possible to use the DMF-index, for which a special gerostomatological type exist. The periodontal diseases are classified adequately to the ARPA-nomenclature. For the judgement of odontolithiasis and oral hygienic conditions you can use the so called odontolith-Index (CI), the OH (oral hygienic debris) and the so called calculus-index (OHI-S). It is refered to different possibilities for classification of dentition with gaps. PMID- 706439 TI - [Problems of surgery in old age (author's transl)]. AB - Objects of surgery of the higher age are accident injuries, malignant tumors, thoracial and gastrointestinal emergency conditions as well as disorders of the central and peripheral circulation of blood. The aim of surgery of the old age is the complete recovery of the old men and the integration in his familiar surroundings. In many cases this aim can be realized only to a certain degree on account of the polymorbidity of the higher age. For men older than 50 years the risk of operation is continuously increasing. In the 10th decennium the value of postoperative letality is reaching almost 30%. The reason is not in first line the basic disease or the accident, but the complication for intervention is in most cases an absolute one, because cases of emergency are predominant. The consequence of surgery with high risk is the prophylaxis, that means: all pathologic, already in younger years existing states, which are generally treated by operation, ought to be operated early, in order to prevent complicationsin the higher age. In tumor surgery, which is characterized by a high delay rate, looking for tracks of cancer and early diagnosis are the ways to diminish the burden of the older men. PMID- 706440 TI - [Digestion and absorption in elderly man (author's transl)]. AB - Morphologically first indications of an age-related alteration of pancreatic microscopic structures can be proved an age of fourty. In healthy elderly man functional capacity of exocrine pancreas is lowered. It can be proved by means of pancreatic function tests. Normally the digestive capacity will be sufficient provided a reasonable nourishment. Usually the intestinal absorptive capacity tends to decrease in the elderly. But following delayed intestinal transit of nutritients absorption to a certain degree can occur sufficiently. Considering the nutrition of elderly people recommendations are given. PMID- 706441 TI - [Psychology of ageing and age (author's transl)]. AB - Aging is a biological process being experienced. The experience of ageing is associated with disappointment and renuciation. Thus, aging is a task which can be mastered in different ways.--It is asserted that there is an ageing having a social sense.--It is demonstrated by some parameters which advancements and which hindrances may play a role in ageing as well as which defective developments may be possible. The traditional norms and ideas from former generations as well as the social evaluation of age have to be taken into consideration when an approach to the problems of aging is designed.--The different situation of the sexes is briefly outlined.--The physician can help best if he himself is able to cope with his own ageing. PMID- 706442 TI - [Preparation for an active old age in the socialist society, demonstrated on the example of the Schwerin district]. PMID- 706443 TI - [The Schwerin district began to realize the "Zerbst model"]. PMID- 706444 TI - Preparing for old age: necessity, possibilities, contents, limits. AB - International findings and our own results in gerohygienic sociogerontological, geriatric, medical epidemiological and psychogerontological research have positively confirmed the need for preparing for old age. Demographic data in the GDR has brought to light the growing need to put the preparation for an active old age into practive making use of research data and of the existing resources. The means of implementing the programme life in the overall resources of our developed socialist society, in our laws, in our well-organized public health system and above all in the industrial health protection service. It is shown that the society's potentials and the industrial health protection service, which operates on a country-wide scale, can have a positive influence on ageing and on life of old people. The ways in which this can be achieved are described. These ways are based on the main medical, psychological and social aspects of preparing for old age. The existing limits must be taken into account when translating the schemes of preparation for old age into practice of socialist health protection. It is indispensable to concentrate on problems of focal importance. The preparation must first benefit factory workers exposed to health hazards. Medical preparation should come first, followed by psychological and social preparation. In the long term, preparation for old age must be integrated into the overall process of education and it must start at school, where it should be integrated into biology and civicx classes. Such a process corresponds to the life-long process of ageing, to socialist principles and to the efforts of the public health system to preserve health, working capacity and joy of living up to a ripe old age. PMID- 706445 TI - [Preparing for old age. (II) (author's transl)]. AB - Looking back on the beginning of the efforts for preparing of working pensioners for activity and creative life in the pensionary there is demonstrated the present state of the request of research for social preparing on age in the socialism. Our new labour law and some results of research of gerohygienic studies show which way for preparing on an active age is further to go. PMID- 706446 TI - [To some tasks, marks and programme-contents of geropsychohygiene in preparing on age (author's transl)]. AB - Leading and shaping of life should have a positive influence also on the psychic health until the old age. One of the marks of geropsychohygiene is to shape this process. Therefore the new role of the active old people as integrated member of society must be defined and mediated a real attitude to the ageing. There are given geropsychohygienic impulses for interdisciplinary working with this problems. There is demonstrated by the thematic complexes intelligence, reactivity and ability to learn, that introductions on the necessary regress of such psychic results with the age are scientifically refuted. Concensions for the preparing on the age are contained in the demand consciously to put in special training, positive motivations and contacts to the environment for maintenance of the psychic efficiency. PMID- 706448 TI - Activity and perspectives of the gerontological research department of the semmelweis university medical school. PMID- 706447 TI - [Tasks of the general practitioner for preparing on an active age in the socialistic society under consideration of medical aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 706449 TI - [Therapy of thromboembolic diseases in old age (author's transl)]. AB - It can be established, that thromboembolic diseases in higher age are suited for a thrombolitical therapy and for a treatment with anticoagulations also. In higher age of the patients we should pay attention especially to possible contraindications and a thrombolitical therapy should be carried out under clinical conditions. The results of treatment justify our therapy, because the mortality of the patients treated with anticoagulations lies clearly under the mortality of those patients without anticoagulations. PMID- 706450 TI - Bone diseases in advanced and old age: diagnostics, prophylaxis, therapy. AB - The authors give a short overview on:--Diseases characterized by too small a number of osteoblasts and insufficient osteoid formation--Bone diseases in the presence of osteoid overproduction with concomittant disturbed mineralization can quasi be summed up in two statements as regards ageing and aged people--Diseases associated with excessive resorption due to increased osteoclastic activity- Diseases caused by great resorption of bone in the presence of bone marrow proliferation, their diagnostics, prophylaxis and therapy. PMID- 706451 TI - [Etiology and clinical diagnosis of infantile and juvenile headaches]. PMID- 706452 TI - [Problems and results of ambulatory psychotherapy in the psychologic-medical treatment of psychovegetative functional disorders]. PMID- 706453 TI - [Diagnosis of testicular neoplasms]. PMID- 706454 TI - [Headache from the neurologist's point of view]. PMID- 706455 TI - [Potassium-magnesium iontophoresis in gastroenterologic diseases]. PMID- 706456 TI - [Promotion A for physicians and dentists at the Academy for Continuing Medical Education of the GDR]. PMID- 706458 TI - [Interdisciplinary cooperation of social hygiene and clinical specialties]. PMID- 706457 TI - [The value of rational documentation of findings in the early diagnosis of severe diseases]. PMID- 706459 TI - [Frequency of hospital treatment in juvenile nephro-urological diseases in the GDR]. PMID- 706460 TI - [Quantitative estimation of working stress using telemetrically transmitted data of electric muscle activity]. PMID- 706461 TI - [Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHC) in the air at working sites]. PMID- 706462 TI - [Psychohygienic problems of occupational work]. PMID- 706463 TI - [Rectangular stress studiesunder oxygen deficiency in mice rescue workers]. PMID- 706464 TI - [Occurrence od Salmonellae in surface waters and in man. Comparative study on the epidemiological and pathogenetic differences of 79 Salmonella serotypes]. PMID- 706465 TI - [Studies on the characterization of influenza virus A strains]. PMID- 706466 TI - [Education and training in the field of microbiology and epidemiology in Czechoslovakia and East Germany]. PMID- 706467 TI - [Historical development of social gynecology in the 19th and 20th centuries]. PMID- 706468 TI - [Selected problems concerning ideas of future female physicians and nurses about their professional and familial developments]. PMID- 706469 TI - [Compliance of patients with physician's orders]. PMID- 706470 TI - [Structural characteristics of the system of dynamic observation of the health status in the population under ambulatory care]. PMID- 706471 TI - [Analysis of accident mortality among children from European countries, evaluation and recommendations for the reduction of accident rate]. PMID- 706472 TI - [Relationships between cardiopulmonary endurance capacity, body weight and body composition]. PMID- 706473 TI - [Comparison of epidemiological and experimental data on the influence of industrial solvents on workers]. PMID- 706474 TI - [Studies on CO pollution in industrial community centers]. PMID- 706475 TI - [The technic of fluorine determination from plants in emission areas]. PMID- 706476 TI - [UV spectrometric nitrate determination in surface waters]. PMID- 706477 TI - [Experimental studies on the contamination of tea, spices, fruit and medicinal juices with insecticides (DDT)]. PMID- 706478 TI - [Monitoring of nosocomial infections in endangered areas using edge-punched cards]. PMID- 706479 TI - [The content of benzo(a)pyrene in paraffins and microcristalline waxes]. PMID- 706480 TI - [Trends in medical bacteriology]. PMID- 706481 TI - [Studies on the determination of neuraminidase subtypes of influenza A viruses using ovomucoid]. PMID- 706482 TI - [Occurrence of pathogenic Clostridia in Antarctica]. PMID- 706483 TI - [Socio-medical tasks of the German Red Cross in East Germany]. PMID- 706484 TI - [Notes on the developmental potential of cardiological ambulatory care]. PMID- 706486 TI - [Clinical aspects of obesity and their therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 706485 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the arterial system in hemophiliacs as a model for long term anticoagulation]. AB - Issuing from the question of the value of a prophylactic anticoagulation for the purpose of prevention of arteriosclerosis 25 patients with haemophilia were examined with the aim to detect possible connections between coagulation potential and arteriosclerosis taking into consideration factors of risk and age. Indeed, also in these patients who were "anticoagulated" from birth factors of risk and references to an existing arteriosclerosis were found. Correlation analyses, however, indicated tendencies, which suggest a protective influence of the hypocoagulability concerning factors of risk and arteriosclerosis. PMID- 706487 TI - [The differential diagnostic significance of neurological syndromes in a malignant tumors]. AB - It is reported on a 35-year-old patient with carcinoma of the stomach. The disease became manifest above all neurologically in form of a clinically and autoptically clear preterminal carcinomatous meningitis and a clinically probable paraneoplastic sensomotoric polyneuropathy as early symptoms. The case is discussed and classified on the basis of literary data. Here the differential diagnostic significance of the paraneoplastic neuropathy as early symptom is emphasized. PMID- 706488 TI - [The behavior of free fatty acids and free glycerin in functional thyroid gland disorders]. AB - It is reported on the behaviour of the fasting serum levels of the free fatty acids and the free glycerol in patients with hyper- and hypothyroidism. The two parameters were significantly increased in hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, whereas a decrease was found in hypofunction. The possible causes are discussed with the help of literature. PMID- 706489 TI - [Possibilities of diagnostic standardization in the differential diagnosis of comatose conditions on the basis of the working methods of a grade IIb laboratory]. AB - In the paper life-threatening diseases which may be accompanied by profound unconsciousness are explained from the laboratory-chemical point of view. It is referred to the significance of a laboratory-diagnostic programme for the differential diagnosis of comatous conditions. In this case the material and personal prerequisites and the laboratory capacity of a district hospital are taken into consideration. PMID- 706490 TI - [Hemorrhagic diathesis as a rare lead symptom in Addison-Biermer's anemia]. AB - It is reported on a patient with Addison-Biermer's disease who was admitted to hospital under the diagnosis of a bleeding ventricle ulcer and in whom was detected a thrombocytopenic haemorrhagic diathesis. By means of injections of vitamin B12 a complete haematologic remission was achieved. The absence of a clear increase of reticulocytes as a sequel of the blood transfusions performed before the specific therapy is discussed. PMID- 706491 TI - [Modulation and proliferation of the vessel wall muscle cell and its importance for atherogenesis]. AB - Decisive for the progression of the arteriosclerosis is the increase of thickness of the intima, as it is shown by histological and morphometrical investigations on the human coronary arteries. A light-optic and electron-optic analysis of animal-experimental, induced and spontaneous proliferations of the intima has the result that the process of progression is maintained by structural and functional variants (modulations) of the myointimal cells. Under the influence of specific and unspecific stimulators they are able to proliferation and migration, abnormal fibre synthesis and lipid storage as well as to phagocytosis and formation of boundary surfaces. Most of the modulations described of the activated muscle cell are temporary adaptations to a changed micromilieu and they are reversible to contractile cells after decrease of the stimulation effect. Therefore it is assumed that in the early stages of the arteriosclerosis a progression phase is to be diagnosed light- and electron-optically essentially at the appearance of proliferation-active and synthesis-active modulations of the smooth muscle cell. An inactive, non-progressive thickening of the intima may be diagnosed by the proof of contractile muscle cells. PMID- 706492 TI - [Transport in the vessel wall in early changes of arteriosclerosis]. AB - In various model experiments the change of the surface was examined in arteries by means of grid electron microscopy. By means of a newly elaborated method the increased permeability was pursued. Lipofundin S and colloidal iron allow the observation of the plasma transport from the intima to the adventitia. In the adventitia lipofundin can be proved also in the adventitial lymphatic vellels. This confirms that the plasma after having leaved the arterial wall is drained through the lymphatic vessels of the adventitia. PMID- 706494 TI - [Pathways of intracellular cholesterol metabolism in a model study]. AB - We had concluded from former own investigations that the cells in the arteriosclerotic plaque effect a change of the ester proportion of cholesterol. One of the possible mechanisms ible bond and from double unsaturated (linoleic acid) to higher unsaturated acids. Therefore we investigated by radioactive labelling of the fatty acid moity of cholesterol esters whether such desaturation reactions take place in the model experiment. For this purpose we implanted cholesterol stearate which was 14C-labelled in the proportion of fatty acid subcutaneously into the skin of a rat. We demonstrated radiohistochromatographically that after 7 to 14 days the fraction of the cholesterol esters with 1 double bond was additionally labelled. Other fractions were not labelled. From this results that the proportion of the saturated fatty acid of the cholesterol ester is actually desaturated, in which case the desaturation as we expect only goes to the fraction with one double bond, because the double unsaturated linoleic acid is not synthetized in vivo in the mamal. PMID- 706493 TI - [Progression and regression of diet-induced arterial changes in the domestic pig]. AB - Under atherogenic diet in the pig changes of the intima developed in predisposed places of the arteries which have close relations to the atherogenesis in man. 4 months after the end of a 4-month atherogenic diet no decisive regression of lipid infiltrates could be established in spontaneous thickenings of the intima, however, signs of a lipid mobilisation. PMID- 706495 TI - [Fibrinogen: structure, function and interaction with proteins and cells]. AB - The dimerous three-chained protein fibrinogen has at its disposal different functional zones which are included in the process of polymerisation and which possess importance for the specific reaction of fibrinogen with certain cells. The present paper is particularly engaged with the activation of fibrinogen by thrombin and with the mechanism of the arrangement of the activated units of fibrinogen concerning the fibrin fibre. Finding concerning the interaction of the platelets with fibrinogen connected to sepharose plead for the fact that a change of conformation in the molecule of fibrinogen precedes the specific platelet reaction. PMID- 706496 TI - [The initial stage of thrombus formation in early stages of arteriosclerosis]. AB - An arterial thrombosis develops via a lesion of the vascular wall. By the contact of the flowing blood with subendothelial collagen and basal membrane proportions the adhesion and aggregation of platelets develop which, depending on flowing conditions and local conditions, such as ADP-concentration, may lead to manifest thromboses. The prostaglandines have an essential influence on these processes. The relations of thrombosis to arteriosclerosis consist in the stimulation of the smooth muscle cells to proliferation by a factor of thrombocytes, in the organisation of experimental arterial thromboses with formation of an intima proliferation and in the complications of manifest arteriosclerosis by secondary thromboses. Methods for the proff of an increased inclination to thrombosis on the basis of an increased platelet function are critically discussed as to their clinical usability. A spontaneously increased aggregation of platelets is regarded as a reference to progressing arteriosclerosis. In these cases the significant increase of the spontaneous aggregation is of special importance in diabetics. PMID- 706497 TI - [Lipoproteins and fatty acids--hyperlipoproteinemia and arteriosclerosis]. AB - At first on the basis of literature a short description of the interrelations between lipoprotein metabolism and fatty acid metabolism as well as hyperlipoproteinaemia on the one hand and arteriosclerotic-degenerative diseases of the coronary vessels on the other is given. Finally, the findings of gas chromatographic analyses of the patterns of fatty acids of the cholesterol ester and triglyceride fractions of the serum of 252 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia are represented. In contrast to persons with healthy metabolism increase of the proportions per cent of palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and eikosatrienic acid was shown and decrease of those ones of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and eikosapentaic acid in the cholesterol ester fractions in hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIa and IIb and in the triglyceride fractions in hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIb and IV. The shifts within the patterns of fatty acids in hyperlipoproteinaemia are an expression of an atherogenic risk. Disturbances of the hepatogenic synthesis of fatty acids and oxydation of fatty acids, increased reesterification from the depot fat of mobilised fatty acids as well as a partially increased LCAT-activity are causally discussed. PMID- 706498 TI - [Foundations of arteriosclerosis therapy]. AB - Since for the time being there might not be a causal therapy of arteriosclerosis one depends on recognition and influence upon the so-called factors of risk. Up to now these factors have only a statistical but no inevitably causal significance. The aim should be to comprehend groups of endangered persons in the stage of health or, respectively, in the still repairable early stage of the disease to perform a true primary and secondary prevention. In the later stages in the best way a cure of the defect or possible a retardation of the course of the disease and prevention of complications may be achieved. PMID- 706499 TI - [Possibilities of prevention and therapy of arteriosclerosis by influencing hemostatic functions]. AB - Thrombotic processes play a role not only as a sequel of arteriosclerosis, but also for its pathogenesis. Under this aspect a pharmacological regulation of the course of the reaction of thrombpcytes, the blood coagulation and the fibrinolysis gets significance. The prevention of the formation of fibrin by well known anticoagulants, such as coumarines and heparin, seems little suited for a prophylaxis of arteriosclerosis. By a pharmacological regulation of the reaction of the blood platelets which are decisive for the initial phase of the formation of thrombi new possibilities for an intervention into the pathomechanisms of arteriosclerosis are the result. Her also realizations concerning the prostaglandin metabolism of the blood platelets and of the wall of vessels can be evaluated. The activation of fibrinolysis by means of the hitherto introduced fibrinolytics, such as streptokinase and urokinase, is used above all for the treatment of acute thrombi. In the sense of a prevention of arteriosclerosis the activation of the endogenic fibrinolysis with the help of indirect fibrinolytics, which effect a liberation of the activators of fibrinolysis localised in the wall of the vessels, is a hopful way. PMID- 706500 TI - [Nutrition and arteriosclerosis]. AB - Issuing from the present state of the influence of the basic nutritive substances (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and various nutritive factors discussed again and again (cholesterol, erucaic acid, sodium, calcium/magnesium quotient, pressor amines) on the development of the arteriosclerosis, the indididual factors of influence are critically evaluated. The investigations are getting under way, so that ascertained results are standing beside insufficiently claified or open problems, From the abundance of the observations conclusions are drawn which are of significance for practice. Unfavourable influences of nutrition on the factors of risk (hyperlipoproteinaemia, disturbance of the carbohydrate tolerance, hyperuricaemia, hyperalimentation) and on the manifest diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, uric arthritis, obesity) of the metabolic syndrome which finally contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis are emphasized. In front of this background a clinically and ambulatorily tested basic metabolic diet is described. About 20% of the energy content (kcal or kJ) of this diet are protein, 35% fat and 45% are carbohydrates. The saturated fatty acids lie below 30%, the manifold saturated fatty acids, however, above 20% of the total fat proportion. The cholesterol content is below 400 mg, the purin-nitrogen below 200 mg, and the sodium content is about 2g per day. This diet can be produced for the treatment of persons with normal weight and overweight in different energetic degradations. PMID- 706501 TI - [Physical activity in the prevention of arteriosclerosis]. AB - Epidemiological investigations show that morbidity rate and severity of coronary sclerosis seem to decrease in regular physical activity. The influence of regular physical activity on coronary factors of risk, such as hypertension, fat parameters, glucose tolerance, and uric acid is summarized with the help of literary data. An essential intermediary role seems to belong to the height of the insulin levels in the metabolic factors of risk. The result of own investigations was that by training basic and stimulated insulin secretion clearly diminish. Apart from this, during physical load particularly an increased rate of lipolysis is reduced during physical load. Together with a decrease of lipogenesis the two factors might play an essential role in the prevention of coronary sclerosis by regular physical activity. PMID- 706502 TI - [A programmed universal stimulator for the diagnosis and therapy of bradycardial and tachycardial arrhythmias]. AB - Special kinds of electrostimulation, particularly the so-called programmed stimulation, are necessary for the specialised diagnostics of disturbances of nervous impulses of the heart and of the conduction system with intracardiac ECG (His-electrocardiography). A pacemaker using constituents of microelectronics is described which apart from fixed frequent, coupled, P/R-linked, bifocal and higher frequent atrial stimulation makes possible a programmed stimulation according to a preelected programme. Apart from the use for diagnostics the stimulator is suited for the therapy of bradycardic disturbances of the rhythm and for the termination of tachycardias. PMID- 706503 TI - [Clinical aspects of the endocrinologically inactive small intestinal carcinoid]. AB - Casuistically is reported on two patients with an endocrine inactive ileum carcinoid, in whom the anamnesis with 5 weeks or 10 months was very short and atypical. Continuously increasing abdominal pain and gradual formation of a lower ileus of the small intestine or profuse watery diarrhoeas were the leading symptoms. Intraoperatively or autoptically in each case a very small (less than 1.5 cm) ileum carcinoid was found, which had led to a stenosing of high degree, there were no fibroses of the endocardium, no liver metastases--accordingly the secretion of serotonine metabolites (5-HIES) in the urine had been normal. The possibility of a so-called endocrine-nervous enteropathy in the female patient with the diarrhoea symptomatology and the necessity of a rapid diagnostic clarification in suspicion of a tumour in the lower small intestine are discussed, since such a suspicion in most cases corresponds to a carcinoid and thus there exists a great chance of cure. PMID- 706504 TI - [Reliability of the ECG analyzer EAK-2 in screening tests]. AB - In the last years the number of derivated electrocardiograms with several approaches to the problem has permanently increased. Therefore, the computer analysis seems to be obvious. The reliability of the analogo-digital-computer Express Analyzer Cardiograph EAC-2, Medexport Moscow, was for the employment for occupational medical examinations investigated on 252 experimental persons and compared with the independent manual analysis, which was carried out by two physicians. 80 per cent of the available ECGs were automatically correctly arranged into groups and all the inconspicuous electrocardiograms were sorted out, since it occurs on no account that an electrocardiogram which was recognized as pathological by means of manual analyses, was analysed as falsely normal by the computer EAC-2. Consequently, EAC-2 at low technical interference susceptibility may be very useful for the ECG-diagnosis by means of the computer during the screening investigations. PMID- 706505 TI - [Light and electron microscopy studies of the organization of experimental arterial thrombosis in dwarf swine]. AB - Thrombosis by deposition of platelets was induced in the femoral artery of minipigs by continuous current from an intravascular electrode. Six weeks later, ensuing from organization of this thrombosis a massive proliferation of the intima was found, consisting almost exclusively of cells of smooth muscle. Although no additional atherogenic diet was given single myogenic foam cells were found. PMID- 706506 TI - [Light and electron microscopy studies on experimental arterial thrombosis in dwarf swine]. AB - In light and electron microscopic investigations on electrically induced thrombosis in the femoral artery of the minipig thrombi by deposition of platelets were found. Thrombosis was induced by means of an intravascular electrode with constant current intensity of 1 mA and different induction periods. Injury of the vascular wall was found in every case of thrombosis, ranging from minimal lesion of endothelium to almost total necrosis of the vascular wall. Aside from direct impact by the current on the vascular wall and the blood, mechanical, rheological and hypoxemic causes can not be excluded. PMID- 706508 TI - [Evaluation of skeletal properties with ultrasonics. I. Clinical and experimental design]. AB - Early detection of a pathological skeletal process and control of fracture healing are sometimes difficult when conventional x-ray methods are employed, since stability of bones depends not only on calcigerous tissue but also on the organic matrix. Therefore the ultrasonic procedure shall be tested as to its usefulness. The authors present a test device for clinical trial. PMID- 706507 TI - [Comparative immunological and morphological studies following transplantation of fresh and preserved allogeneic vein and artery segments in rat experiments]. AB - Immunological and morphological investigations were carried out on immunogenetically different strain combinations of inbred rats following transplantation of fresh allogeneic and implantation of formalin preserved vein segments. In contrast to vital allogeneic transplants, which evoke an immunological response depending on immunogenetic difference between donor and recipient, there is neither humoral nor cellular immunological response after implantation of formalin fixed vein segments. Therefore, from an immunological standpoint, strongly allogeneic vein implants preserved by formalin can be used for replacement of arteries. PMID- 706509 TI - [Evaluation of skeletal properties with ultrasonics. II. Parameters in bone echography]. AB - Broad clinical use of ultrasonics for diagnosis is possible by means of the efficient gear developed during the last ten years. Physical reasons suggest that a frequency around 1 MHz should be used for diagnosis on bones. Typical index values are registered from the echogram, which are still to be checked as to their reliability. PMID- 706510 TI - [Swine liver ultrastructure following hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygenation preservation]. AB - The livers of 20 pigs were preserved for up to 16 hours, applying hypothermia (4 degrees C) and hyperbaric oxygenation (3 ata). As a preparation solvent we used in one group the solution by Lie (17) which is rich in potassium and glucose, and in the other group the cryoprecipitated serum by Belzer (5). After 8 and 16 hours of preservation, the fine structure was examined light- and electronmicroscopically. After 8 hours of preservation, there were only little reversible changes in both groups. After 16 hours, both groups showed distinct changes of the endoplasmatic reticulum e. g. desorganisation, vesicular dilatation, and dissociation of the mural ribosomes. In addition, there were swellings of mitochondriae and Kupffer's cells. These changes were particularly distinct after preservation in cryoprecipitated serum. In this group a cellular depletion of glucogen was noticeable. PMID- 706511 TI - [Ultrastructural-morphometric analysis of polyenylphosphatidylcholine [PPC] treated cholestatic rat liver (author's transl)]. AB - Essential phospholipid PPC was administered to male rats over 24 and 72 hours after operation on bile duct ligation. The subsequent alterations were studied by ultrastructural morphometry and correlated with serum enzyme changes. By the results evidence is accrued that hepatocellular mitochondria are prevented by phospholipid treatment to develop alterations as seen after bile duct ligation alone. This occurred although serum GLDH activity was significantly increased. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum exhibited a normotrophic behavior after PPC treatment of animals in which bile duct ligation was done. The surface of the rough membranes was found increased at hours 24 and 72 after bile duct ligation. The bile canaliculi were markedly dilated. However, this alteration was not accompanied by a marked loss of microvilli. Administration of the phospholipid induced a numerical increase of hepatocellular nuclei in both sham-operated and cholestatic animals independantly from the bile duct ligation. It is suggested by the results that the administration of the phospholipid PPC is of value in influencing the fine structural hepatic alterations as seen in cholestatis. PMID- 706512 TI - [Clearance of antigens by the liver (author's transl)]. AB - The liver is not only a metabolic organ, but has also immunological properties provided by the Kupffer cells which represent the major part of the body phagocytizing capacity. In case of an impairment of this function intestinal antigens, e.g. endotoxins, may reach the systemic circulation and thus exhibit their biological properties. The function of Kupffer cells obviously depends on a slow sinusoidal blood stream which latter is provided by blood flowing to the liver via the portal venous tract. This fact may be of consequence in porto-caval shunt surgery in order to use methods by which a rest flow through the portal vein to the liver is maintained. Thus, the organism is prevented from the biological consequences of an altered phagocytic function of the liver. PMID- 706513 TI - [The effect of acute liver damage on inactivation of renin and aldosterone (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma renin activity was measured in 5 surgical patients with hydatoid disease of the liver before and after partial hepatectomy. Plasma renin activity rose statistically significantly after surgical operation and remained virtually constant thereafter. This rise was accompanied by a statistically significant rise of plasma aldosterone while urinary excretion of aldo-18oxo-glucuronid remained unchanged. No change of urinary excretion of electrolytes was observed. It is concluded that besides stress after surgical operation decreased hepatic inactivation of renin and aldosterone were the main causes which led to elevation of plasma aldosterone concentration. PMID- 706514 TI - [Micromucosal pattern in the stomach and colon--comparative study (author's transl)]. AB - The various findings of the mucosal pattern in the stomach and in the colon are systematically presented and compared. It is remarkable that there are similar findings in the two different organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Five different relief patterns are described. Regarding the differential diagnosis and the possible therapeutical application, two forms are of special interest: one is the erosion-like pattern in the early stages of granulomatous colitis and secondly the granular mucosal pattern in the early ulcerative colitis. PMID- 706515 TI - [Gastric and exocrine pancreatic function in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and with bone diseases under treatment with calcitonin (author's transl)]. AB - Calcitonin (CT) inhibits gastric acid and pancreatic enzyme secretion when infused intravenously. Therefore, in two patients showing excessively elevated CT blood levels due to medullary thyroid carcinoma and in two patients with bone diseases before and under CT-treatment, gastric and pancreatic secretion were measured. Spontaneous (BAO) and pentagastrin stimulated acid as well as hormonally stimulated pancreatic enzyme secretion revealed normal in all subjects and tests. The findings are in favour of adaptation mechanisms of gastric parietal and pancreatic acinar cells against the inhibitory action of chronically elevated CT. Therefore, long term treatment with CT is no likely to induce impaired acidity or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 706516 TI - [The influence of chenodeoxycholic acid on the concentrations of nonsulfated bile acids in the small and large intestinal mucosa of rats (author's transl)]. AB - In male Wistar rats nonsulfated bile acids of small and large intestinal wall and feces are analysed after 2, 5, 9 and 14 days of oral administration of 20 or 90 mg chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)/kg. Development of body, intestinal, and fecal weights is assessed. A transient reduction of daily body weight gain and small and large intestinal weights is compensated after 14 days. Fecal weights are above controls under 20 mg/kg, below controls under 90 mg/kg. Containing about 2 mg, i.e. nearly 4% of the bile acid pool, the intestinal wall holds four times more bile acids than the liver. Under CDCA administration bile acid concentrations in the small intestinal wall and feces rise, and remain almost unchanged in the colonic wall. Changes after CDCA administration suggest that bile acid absorption is accompanied by an increase in mucosal bile concentration. In the colonic wall the increase in bile acid concentration after CDCA administration correlates with the passive permeability coefficient. PMID- 706517 TI - [Fibrinogen and fibrin structure in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - The question is still open, whether a pathologic formation of fibrinogen or an insufficient stabilized fibrin are causative factors within the complex disorders in hemostasis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Thus, 45 patients with liver cirrhosis, which was proven by liver biopsy, were investigated by means of sodium dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamidgel-electrophoresis in order to evaluate, whether the liver produces a pathological fibrinogen or whether the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen is defect. The fibrin stabilizing factor (factor XIII) was measured by immunological methods. In order to have a mean of the stage of the disease, 37 patients were subdivided by the extend or their porto-caval collateral circulation and further 8 patients were investigated having bleeding from esophageal varices. By the results evidence accrued that in advanced stages of liver cirrhosis and a marked porto-caval collateral circulation polymerization of fibrinogen was insufficiently, especially, the formation of alpha-chains was altered, whereas the formation of gamma-dimers, the separation of fibrinopeptides from fibrinogen, and the aggregation of fibrinmonomers were normal. This defect in fibrin structure was positive correlated with the stage of liver cirrhosis, which correlated negative with the plasma activity of factor XIII. In vitro, the defect in fibrin formation, from fibrinogen was abolished by adding factor XIII to the assay. Thus, in liver cirrhosis fibrin formation is altered because of factor XIII deficiency, but a normal fibrinogen is synthesized by the liver. In consequence, the administration of factor XIII preparations is suggested as one clinical action among others to benefit the hemostatic disorders, especially in patients with bleeding from esophageal varices. PMID- 706518 TI - [Differing results of direct and indirect solid phase radioimmunoassay for HBsAg in acute hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - In 54 patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis the indirect solid phase radioimmunoassay (ind-SPRIA) for HBsAg was positive in 9 cases the direct solid phase radioimmunoassay (d-SPRIA) being negative. In 2 further cases ind-SPRIA was positive during several weeks but d-SPRIA only once. AntiHBc could be detected in 9 of these patients. In 7 patients the usual decrease of the transaminase activity was followed by a second elevation with prolongation of disease. The unknown factor detected by ind-SPRIA suggests a special form of acute hepatitis. PMID- 706519 TI - [A fast endoscopic test of pancreatic secretion (endoscopic secretin-caerulein test) (author's transl)]. AB - Measurement of the pancreatic exocrine secretion was performed for 20 minutes using a gastrofiberscope. The exocrine pancreas was stimulated by 1 clin. U./kg secretin and 40 ng/kg caerulein as a bolus injection. Aspiration of duodenal juice was performed by a polyaethylen-tube through the biopsy-channel of the endoscope while duodenum distal of the papilla was shut by a baloon-tube, fixed on the distal end of the gastrofiberscope. In 84 patients the investigation was done 87 times. In 11 cases of proved chronic pancreatitis the endoscopic secretin caerulein-test (SCKT) was pathologic in each case. --Normal values obtained by SCKT were in the range of those obtained by standard secretin-pancreozymin-test with correction of the volume of duodenal juice. Maximal enzyme output was always found in the first five-minute fraction of duodenal juice. Maximal bicarbonate output was found later between 15 and 20 minutes after stimulation. There was a good correlation between maximal enzyme output and maximal bicarbonate output in SCKT on one side and the results of a standard secretin-pancreozymin-test later performed in the same 10 patients. The SCKT is an easy and fast practicable method to be done after routine gastroscopy. PMID- 706520 TI - [Fetoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - It is the aim of fetoscopy to recognise or exclude malformations which are visible in the fetal stage and which are not associated with chromosomal damage. The requisite endoscope can be inserted practically without any problems into the amniotic cavity under local anaesthesia and in the manner of an "extended amniocentesis". If pregnancy is continued, the risk involed in fetoscopy must be assessed as similarly low as that of simple aminocentesis, as the clinical experience collected so far has shown. The clinical use of fetoscopy requires close co-operation with the geneticist and the parents concerned. The decision that fetoscopy is indicated lies mainly with the geneticist on account of the required expert genetic knowledge. Fetoscopy appears justified if there is an increased risk of malformation of the fetus which is manifest in the foetal stage and which is sufficiently serious to initiate therapeutic abortion if necessary, and, furthermore, if the risk involved in fetoscopy is in reasonable proportion to the risk of teh malformation. Over and above this, fetoscopy can also be justified if it is necessary to obtain fetal blood for examination. Satisfactory technical and endoscopic experience is the most important prerequisite for success and for reduced risk. Up to now, indication of fetoscopy was exclusively coupled to existing pregnancy and enhanced genetic risk. On the other hand, the question whether pregnancy should be permitted despite a known risk, simply because subsequent fetoscopy is envisaged, should be treated with reserve. PMID- 706521 TI - [Measuring the turbidity of amniotic fluid, a possibility to assess fetal maturity before birth (author's transl)]. AB - At the end of gestation, depending on maturation of the fetus and especially of its skin, vernix caseosa is detached into amniotic fluid. The changes of amniotic fluid turbidity can be quantitatively verified with a fotometer (filter for 578 nm, 10 mm disposable cuvettes). The turbidity of amniotic fluid was measured in 125 cases. No correlation was found between turbidity and length of gestation from day 261 to day 287 after last menstruation. In contrast, there is strong and significant contingency between turbidity of amniotic fluid and maturity of fetal skin (quantity of vernix caseosa) or clinical maturity assessed according to Farr et al. Finding a turbidity below 0.5 U on extinction scale of the fotometer, the fetus is not fully mature in 50% of these cases; placental dysfunction can be excluded with high probability. In contrast, two thirds of the children with high turbidity of amniotic fluid (more than 1.0 U on extinction scale) had clinical signs of placental dysfunction. PMID- 706522 TI - [Value of the abdominal electrocardiogram for cardiotocography (author's transl)]. AB - The value of abdominal Electrocardiogram (abd. ECG) for cardiotocography has been studied prospectively in 183 ante- and 93 subpartum patients. The indications for using abd. ECG have been worked out and the influence of various factors on the quality of registration were tested. It was found that neither location of the placenta nor obesity nor the state of the membranes influenced the quality of abd. ECG-records. Furthermore abd. ECG was used successfully in cases with advanced labor. PMID- 706523 TI - Significance of the transient bradycardic pattern in prepathological oxytocin stress test. AB - The perinatal prognostic significance of a type of Prepathological Oxytocin Stress Test, namely Transient Bradycardia coincident with a period of hyperdynamia in otherwise normal test, is analyzed. The 43 studied cases are compared to a group of 492 patients responding normally. The significantly higher incidence of intrapartum meconium and fetal distress, low Apgar Score and neurologically affected newborns seems to demonstrate that the Prepathological Test is a real entity. The possible fetal risk and the usefulness of the Oxytocin Test are discussed. PMID- 706524 TI - Local immunity in pregnant women. AB - Immunoglobulins IgA and IgG levels and Lysozyme-activity were examined in the vaginal fluid of 70 pregnant women and 30 non-pregnant women where microbiological examinations did not detect any pathological microorganisms. To confirm the local character of immune factors produced in the female genital tract, these factors were also examined in the sera. An increase of class A immunoglobulins was noted in the vaginal fluid and examined sera. IgA/IgG ratio as well as statistical calculations confirmed the local origin of antibodies within the classes. The lysozyme activity was 10 times greater in the vaginal fluid than in the sera. Both factors are relatively simple to determine and in women with recurrent inflammatory conditions of the vaginal tract can be used as indicators of the local immunity state. PMID- 706525 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma of the umbilical cord complicated by a recent hematoma as cause of fetal death. Case report with review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 706526 TI - [Physiology of uterine contractions (author's transl)]. AB - The number of contractions was recorded in 26 healthy primiparae and 28 multiparae from the 25th to 41st week of pregnancy. A remarkable incidence peak was seen around the 32nd week. The number of pregnancy contractions is not sufficient as the only parameter for recognising an impending premature delivery. However, it does represent a valuable aid when taking the anamnesis and portio findings into consideration. The authors consider tocolysis indicated if more than two contractions per hour are recorded as mean value over a period of one week in conjunction with a tendency of the portio to open up, or if more than three contractions are recorded independent of this sign. Taking individual daily into consideration, the relevant limit is three contractions per hour between the 25th and 28th week, and five contractions per hour between the 29th and 32nd week of pregnancy. PMID- 706527 TI - [UVB-phototherapy of psoriasis using a standing box developed for PUVA-therapy]. PMID- 706528 TI - [Immunological studies in drug allergy]. PMID- 706529 TI - [Practical experience with various forms of phototherapy in psoriasis--PUVA-, SUP , tar-UVitherapy]. PMID- 706530 TI - [Clinical experience in the management of dermatomycoses using the 1 per cent econazole-spray solution and the 1 per cent econazole-spray powder]. PMID- 706531 TI - [Fundamentals of local therapy for ulcerations using a blood extract]. PMID- 706532 TI - [Heck's multilocular hyperplasia of the oral mucosa (so-called focal epithelial hyperplasia)]. PMID- 706533 TI - [Light microscopy studies in the photochemotherapy of psoriasis vulgaris]. PMID- 706534 TI - [External administration of fluorouracil in the management of warts]. PMID- 706535 TI - A practical method for quantitation of antibody responses to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids in normal young children. AB - Antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were assayed in 46 children from 16 to 33 months of age following vaccination. A reversed rocket immunoelectrophoretic technique was used for antibody determination. This method is simple and consistent, and although the limit of detection for antibodies of both types (about 1 U/ml) is above the normal range for primary immune responses, antibody levels in immunized children five weeks after a second injection of vaccine were within measureable range in all but two of the children studied. Levels more than one standard deviation above the mean were found in one child for both antitetanus and anti-diphtheria and in four children for anti-tetanus toxoid antibody only. All four of the high responders to tetanus toxoid were Black, carrying both Black and Caucasian Gm haplotypes. The two apparent nonresponders were Caucasian. All children had normal immunoglobulin levels, except for one with low IgA, who showed normal antibody responses to both toxoids. The results suggest that measurements of precipitating antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids provide a practical index of humoral immune function in small children. PMID- 706537 TI - [Supernumerary musculi peronaei in humans]. PMID- 706536 TI - Immunoadjuvant effects of the synthetic muramyl-dipeptide (MDP) N-acetylmuramyl-L alanyl-D-isoglutamine. AB - The adjuvant activity of the synthetic muramyl-dipeptide (MDP) N-acetyl-muramyl-L alanyl-D-isoglutamine upon immunization of mice with BSA or SRBC was studied. MDP was found to significantly increase BSA-antibody formation and to favour the induction of anaphylactic reactions to BSA. In contrast, under the conditions employed, MDP only weakly stimulated the immune response to SRBC. PMID- 706538 TI - A comparative study of tooth and dental arch dimensions and sexual dimorphism in Israeli children of Cochin and North-African descent. PMID- 706539 TI - [Biometrical analysis of the external auditory canal in using hearing aids]. PMID- 706540 TI - [Quasi-continuous variability and genetic uniformity of the Hominoidea]. PMID- 706541 TI - Cerumen types in some Indian population groups. PMID- 706542 TI - [Statistical research on genetic polymorphism of the blood. I. Sex differences]. PMID- 706543 TI - [Current aspects of evolution genetics]. PMID- 706544 TI - Molecular evolution as a pathway to man. PMID- 706545 TI - Speculations on the functions of satellite DNA in evolution. PMID- 706546 TI - Growth of the upper limb, arm and forearm in Chinese children. PMID- 706547 TI - Sexing of Bedouin skeletons from Israel. PMID- 706548 TI - Anthropological study on the excavated skulls from the Usu shell mound in Kokkaido, Japan--a contribution to the Ainu problem--. PMID- 706549 TI - The helminths in the gut of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in a small oligotrophic lake in southern Norway. AB - A total of 311 perch were examined for gut parasites during the period from April 1972 to December 1973. Four different metazoan parasites were found; Proteocephalus percae (Muller, 1780), Bunodera luciopercae (Muller, 1776), Acanthocephalus lucii Muller, 1776 and Camallanus lacustris Zoega, 1776. B. luciopercae and P. percae exhibited similar seasonal cycles in appearance and abundance. They were both absent from the fish population during June/July. A. lucii and C. lacustris on the other hand had a peak in infection intensity and incidence during the summer and autumn months. From September/October one year to May/June the following year B. luciopercae was the dominating parasite species showing the highest incidence (approximately 95%) and intensity (a mean of about 25 parasites per infected fish). When 2 times 2 contingency tests were applied on the material from this period a significant negative correlation between the presence of P. percae and A. lucii could be pointed out while there was no correlation between the presence of any of the other 3 parasite species. PMID- 706550 TI - Serial passages of larval Echinococcus granulosus from equine origin in mice. II. Infections with sterile cysts. AB - Sterile secondary E. granulosus cysts less than or equal to 1 mm in diameter, collected from mice 6-13 months after experimental infection were transferred to helminth-free mice. They developed into larger cysts showing fertility and daughter cyst formation at autopsy 9--14 months p.i. Average growth of the largest cyst per mouse, expressed in log volume (microliter), amounted to 0.30 +/ 0.03 per month; average growth of all cysts per mouse, expressed in log weight (mg) amounted to 0.27 +/- 0.02 per month. An inversed ratio was found between total parasite weight and number of cysts injected. The practical importance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 706551 TI - [Notes to the hare-whipworm Trichuris leporis (Zeder, 1803) (author's transl)]. AB - In this study of the whipworm Trichuris leporis (Zeder, 1803) mistakes, which were made in the literature of this kind in the course of time, have been pointed out and put right. The first that gave this species its name was Zeder and not Froehlich. Trichuris sylvilagi Tiner, 1950 is a synonym of Trichuris leporis (Zeder, 1803). The description of the species Trichuris leporis which was given by Tiner (1905) refers to another species for which the name Trichuris tineri is suggested. PMID- 706552 TI - The first record of Angiostrongylus cantonensis from Egypt. AB - In this paper the first record of the medically important nematode parasite, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is made from Egypt. A survey of eight species of freshwater gastropods collected from natural water courses and of three species of wild rats caught from the same areas revealed respectively, that the ampullarid snail Lanistes carinatus acts as the intermediate host transmitting this parasite, and that the rat Rattus norvegicus is its definitive host. The life cycle of the parasite was successfully completed through experimental infection of laboratory bred albino rats with third-stage larvae, obtained from the above mentioned snail intermediate host. A morphological description of the adult worms and of all larval stages of the parasite is given. PMID- 706553 TI - Effect of praziquantel on the free living stages of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The effect of the new schistosomicide praziquantel (2-cyclohexyl-carbonyl 1,2,3,6,7,11 b-hexahydro-2H-pyrazino[2,1a]isoquinolin-4-one) on the miracidia and cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni was investigated. In vivo praziquantel inhibits hatching of miracidia for 24 h after administration of 500 mg/kg to infected mice. In vitro a concentration of 10 microgram/ml inhibits subsequent hatching in drug-free water. Free swimming miracidia are rapidly killed by 1 microgram/ml. Even 0.01 microgram/ml is still partially effective. In a solution of 0.03 microgram/ml cercariae lose their ability to swim within 10 min. This effect is reversible in drug-free water. Morphological damage to cercariae incubated in 0.1 microgram/ml is clearly evident. However, cercariae are fully infective when given subcutaneously to mice after a 3-h incubation period. Incubation in 1 microgram/ml reduces the infection rate by 80%. A 2-h incubation in 0.1 microgram/ml almost completely inhibits the percutaneous infection through the abdominal skin. The number of cercariae that develop to schistosomules is reduced by more than 90%. After a 2-h incubation in a concentration of 0.01 microgram/ml the swimming ability of cercariae is impaired in such a way that the number of cercariae penetrating in the tail immersion test and developing to schistosomules is reduced by half. Praziquantel is a more potent protective agent than the molluscicides copper sulphate, sodium pentachlorophenate and Bayluscide or cadmium and zinc ions. PMID- 706554 TI - [Formal address: Ethical aspects of indications for non-vital orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 706555 TI - [Prearthrosis and prearthrotic deformity]. PMID- 706556 TI - [Morpho-pathogenetic considerations on prearthrosis and prearthrotic deformity]. PMID- 706557 TI - ["In vitro" studies on the mechanical behavior of hyaline cartilage under static and dynamic stress (proceedings)]. PMID- 706558 TI - [Localization and functional interpretation of early degenerative changes in the articular cartilage (proceedings)]. PMID- 706559 TI - [The pathophysiology of joints--value of biochemical study methods (proceedings)]. PMID- 706560 TI - [Changes in biochemistry and morphology of the synovial fluid and its correlation to prearthrosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706561 TI - [Arthrosis and spondylosis--analog problems in the primary lesion (proceedings)]. PMID- 706563 TI - [Disorders in the synthetic activity of chondrocytes in prearthrosis and arthrosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706562 TI - [How important is the blood supply in the etiology of arthrosis?]. PMID- 706564 TI - [The cluster phenomenon as a pathognomonic sign of prearthrosis and arthrosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706565 TI - [The behavior of hyaline articular cartilage after immobilization and remobilization in animal experiments. Microstructural studies for the definition of the prearthrosis process (proceedings)]. PMID- 706566 TI - [Microlesions of the joint surface as a prearthrosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706567 TI - [Experimental arthritis in electron microscopy]. PMID- 706568 TI - [Biomechanical relationships in arthrosis]. PMID- 706569 TI - [The part of questionably primary cases in 1008 cases of coxarthrosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706570 TI - [The etiology of coxarthrosis on the basis of radiologic studies with the inclusion of clinical data (proceedings)]. PMID- 706571 TI - [The prearthrotic deformity as origin of coxarthrosis. Radiographic measurements and their value in the prognosis]. PMID- 706572 TI - [Azetabular hip dysplasia as a prearthrotic deformity (proceedings)]. PMID- 706573 TI - [Analysis of factors influencing the shape of the femur head in congenital hip dysplasia (proceedings)]. PMID- 706574 TI - [Coxa valga and persistent antetorsion, a prearthrotic deformity (proceedings)]. PMID- 706575 TI - [Biometric analysis of the shape of the hip joint as a means of diagnosis of prearthrotic deformities (proceedings)]. PMID- 706576 TI - [Biomechanical diagnosis of prearthrotic deformity of the hip joint (proceedings)]. PMID- 706577 TI - [Coxarthrosis in former athletes (proceedings)]. PMID- 706578 TI - [Perthes disease and dysplasia of the roof of the acetabulum as a cause for arthritis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706579 TI - [Morphologic studies for the differentiation of protrusion of the acetabulum and primary median coxarthrosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706580 TI - [Coxarthrosis with a deep acetabulum (proceedings)]. PMID- 706581 TI - [Metabolic diseases as prearthroses (proceedings)]. PMID- 706582 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of knee joint prearthroses (proceedings)]. PMID- 706583 TI - [Variations in the shape of the femoropatellar joint as a prearthrosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706585 TI - [Intraoperative frozen section studies in bone tumors (proceedings)]. PMID- 706584 TI - [The pretraumatic deformity or the traumatologic aspect of prearthrosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706586 TI - [Light and electron microscopic findings in chondrosarcoma (proceedings)]. PMID- 706587 TI - [The proliferating chondroma--a contribution to the differential diagnosis of chondrosarcomas (proceedings)]. PMID- 706588 TI - [Is the distinction between spindle cell sarcoma and fibrosarcoma of prognostic value? (proceedings)]. PMID- 706590 TI - [Angiographic studies in malignant bone tumors (proceedings)]. PMID- 706589 TI - [Angiography and bone tumors]. PMID- 706591 TI - [The place of xeroradiography in the radiodiagnosis of bone tumors (proceedings)]. PMID- 706592 TI - [Equidensitometry in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary malignant bone tumors (proceedings)]. PMID- 706593 TI - [Possibilities and limits of bone scintigraphy]. PMID- 706594 TI - [Borderline areas in the dignity of various malignant bone tumors (proceedings]. PMID- 706596 TI - [Results, limits and possibilities of lymphography in bone tumors]. PMID- 706595 TI - [Thermography in malignant bone tumors (proceedings)]. PMID- 706597 TI - [Methods and results of statistic tumor registry with special reference to primary malignant bone tumors (proceedings)]. PMID- 706598 TI - [Necessity and value of special study methods with regard to the surgical treatment of vertebral neoplasms (proceedings)]. PMID- 706599 TI - [Therapy of primary malignant bone tumors in the shoulder region (proceedings)]. PMID- 706600 TI - [Indications for amputation or resection in chondrosarcoma (proceedings)]. PMID- 706601 TI - [The partial endoprosthetic replacement of long bones with tumors. Indications, technic, selection of model and prognosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706602 TI - [Use of bone cement in the surgical treatment of bone tumors (proceedings)]. PMID- 706603 TI - [Bioceramic endoprostheses after tumor surgery (proceedings)]. PMID- 706604 TI - [The prosthetic treatment of patients after hip joint exarticulation or hemipelvectomy for malignant tumors (proceedings)]. PMID- 706605 TI - [Genetic counseling in orthopedic disorders (proceedings)]. PMID- 706606 TI - [Problem cases in genetic counseling]. PMID- 706607 TI - [Family studies in torticollis--results and difficulties from a clinical point of view (proceedings)]. PMID- 706608 TI - [Clinical importance of the genetic aspects of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 706609 TI - [Theoretical models of familial hip dysplasia]. PMID- 706610 TI - [Genetic aspects of human scoliosis]. PMID- 706611 TI - [Sibling studies in Scheuermann syndrome]. PMID- 706612 TI - [An experimental model for Wolff's law]. PMID- 706613 TI - [The regenerative behavior of muscles in arthrogenic muscular atrophy, an attempt at quantification of exercise therapy (proceedings)]. PMID- 706614 TI - [Experimental study on the replacement of the sheep cross ligament by dura mater combined with a synthetic ligament (proceedings]. PMID- 706615 TI - [Treatment of talus injuries]. PMID- 706616 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of femur head epiphysiolysis]. PMID- 706617 TI - [School help and performance possibilities and professional chances for children with ectromelia]. PMID- 706619 TI - [Dynamic behavior of bone cements (proceedings)]. PMID- 706618 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta: biochemical characterization of various groups]. PMID- 706620 TI - [Biomechanical studies on the problem of shank fractures in hip prostheses]. PMID- 706621 TI - [The stress on the anchoring zone in artificial hip joints. Mathematical and experimental analysis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706622 TI - [Hip joint replacement with bioceramics in animal experiments (proceedings)]. PMID- 706624 TI - [Early results of hip alloplasty with endoprostheses with ceramic carrying ribs]. PMID- 706623 TI - [ICLH "Double Cup" arthroplasty of the hip using bone cement: results after the first 5 years (proceedings)]. PMID- 706625 TI - [A new ankle joint total endoprosthesis (proceedings)]. PMID- 706626 TI - [Metrizamide for lumbar and thoracic myelography (proceedings)]. PMID- 706627 TI - [Survival treatment of lumbar disk dislocation under the surgical microscope (proceedings)]. PMID- 706628 TI - [Avoiding unsatisfactory results in surgical interventions in the lumbar spine (proceedings)]. PMID- 706629 TI - [Spondylodesis without external immobilization (proceedings)]. PMID- 706631 TI - [Treatment of pseudarthroses by means of electrostimulation (proceedings)]. PMID- 706630 TI - [Current state of electrostimulation in human bone healing (proceedings)]. PMID- 706632 TI - [Stimulation of longitudinal growth in long bones by means of direct current: studies on rabbit tibias (proceedings)]. PMID- 706633 TI - [The effect of low frequency magnetic fields on the healing of pseudarthroses in animal experiments (proceedings)]. PMID- 706634 TI - [Morphologic changes on the talar joint surfaces of the calcaneus (proceedings)]. PMID- 706635 TI - [Bone development in peromelia (proceedings)]. PMID- 706636 TI - [Concentration of trace elements in various tissues, detected by means of analysis of neutron activity (proceedings)]. PMID- 706637 TI - [Animal experimental studies with radium 224]. PMID- 706639 TI - [Epiphysiolysis in prearthrosis and arthrosis]. PMID- 706638 TI - [Long-term study on the therapeutic effect of radium 224 in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 706640 TI - [Mutilating surgery on the gastrointestinal tract. Patient care following mutilating surgery on the gastrointestinal tract due to malignant tumors]. PMID- 706641 TI - [Enterostomy patients: care and guidance]. PMID- 706642 TI - [Artificial joints. Problems in the loosening of artificial joints and new developmental trends]. PMID- 706643 TI - [Aspects of sport medicine in medical practice]. PMID- 706644 TI - [Current status of antacids in hypersecretory and ulcerative diseases of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 706645 TI - Commends and queries diabetes section. PMID- 706646 TI - Foreseeable trends in health care delivery. AB - "These trends represent the obvious call from society for health change: enlarged access to the system; reduction in the rate of rise in cost; equity in care; and increased quality in care. All of these elements except the cost objective requires not lessened but additional and redistributed resources. If this is pleasing, exert influence to reinforce the trends toward it. If not, speak now to modify the otherwise inevitable." PMID- 706647 TI - Northern Virginia Mental Health Institute: a decade of success. AB - "In some ways the Institute probably has been too efficient for its own good. It has had none of the serious problems that seem, these days, to be the key to funding and support, and the cost per patient day in the year 1977 dropped from $64 to $54." PMID- 706648 TI - Emergency service admissions to a state mental hospital. AB - The Northern Virginia Mental Health Institute assigns ten beds to the emergency referrals of a Fairfax County mental health center. The authors analyze these admissions over a 15-month period. PMID- 706649 TI - EEG changes in old age: normal and pathological. AB - A review of the literature reveals that most of the marked EEG changes in the aged are found in conjunction with disease, and the author's experience confirms this observation. PMID- 706650 TI - British general practice and the National Health Service. AB - Three weeks of observing a general practice group in Edinburgh, Scotland, affords the author a study in contrasts between British and American practice today. PMID- 706651 TI - Ancient patterns of sensory organization retained in the midbrain. PMID- 706652 TI - Treatment of open fractures: a review. AB - The history, etiology, initial management, and definitive treatment of open fractures is comprehensively reviewed. The author explores with particular care the crucial problem of preventing infection. PMID- 706653 TI - Regional neonatal intensive care: its benefits can now be measured. AB - Region III was the first are in Virginia to develop neonatal transport and education to rural locations, as reported previously in this journal. There appears to be a growing acceptance of RNIC services in Region III with a simultaneous drop in neonatal mortality rates below national and state levels; however, until regional neonatal mortality rate is more equal to the mortality rates in the central hospital, RNIC cannot be said to have made its full impact. PMID- 706654 TI - Free clinics: the forgotten alternative. PMID- 706655 TI - [Purity of commercial native deoxyribonucleic acid]. PMID- 706656 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition with collagen in chronic polyarthritis patients and controls]. PMID- 706657 TI - [Demonstration of anti-collagen autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids by means of 14C radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 706658 TI - [Pancreatic duct antibodies in Sjogren's syndrome and in chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 706659 TI - [Autoantibodies against contractile proteins of the myocardium in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 706660 TI - Acute and chronic experimental arthritis due to intra-articular injections of collagen-anti-collagen complexes. PMID- 706661 TI - [Histopathological characteristics of the synovial membrane is osteoarthrosis]. PMID- 706663 TI - [The articular cartilage of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 706662 TI - [The behavior of synovial stratum lymphocytes in joint diseases]. PMID- 706665 TI - [Fiber-type specific atrophy of the skeletal muscles in primary chronic polyarthritis compared to other joint diseases]. PMID- 706664 TI - [Amyloid deposits in the periarticular tissues]. PMID- 706666 TI - [Inhibition of a neutral protease from human leukocyte granules by antirheumatic agents]. PMID- 706667 TI - [A simple method for the quantitative determination of human collagen producing cells in cell cultures and synovial biopsies]. PMID- 706668 TI - [Correlation between plasma amino acid concentrations and age in rheumatic disease]. PMID- 706669 TI - [The physical properties of the human hipjoint capsular tissue]. PMID- 706670 TI - [Radiating pain]. PMID- 706671 TI - [Comparative studies on arthrosis deformans in humans and animals]. PMID- 706672 TI - [Rheologic studies of the synovial fluid in inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint diseases]. PMID- 706674 TI - [Testpsychological studies in men with chronic polyarthritis and Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 706673 TI - [Roundtable conference: "Bioptic-histological findings in clinical diagnosis" (hypothesis ans assured knowledge)]. PMID- 706675 TI - [Gold treatment in primary chronic polyarthritis (p.c.P.). Results of a double blind study]. PMID- 706676 TI - [First experience with levamisole therapy in chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 706677 TI - [Sulindac in arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 706678 TI - [Long-term studies on rheumatic patients]. PMID- 706679 TI - [Special problems of anti-rheumatic drug therapy in the aged]. PMID- 706680 TI - [Psychological studies on patients with Bechterew's disease and primary chronic arthritis: I. Objective test results (MMPI, FPI)]. PMID- 706681 TI - [90 Yttrium therapy in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 706682 TI - [Roundtable conference: "Synoviorthesis (surgical, chemical, actinic)]. PMID- 706684 TI - Diathesis haemorrhagica in children suffering from rheumatoid arthritis complicates with amyloidosis. PMID- 706683 TI - [Various aspects of nephropathy in gout]. PMID- 706686 TI - [Preliminary results of epidemiological studies on diseases of the motor apparatus in the Peoples Republic of Poland]. PMID- 706685 TI - [Problems of disseminated lupus erythematosus in infants and children]. PMID- 706687 TI - [The diagnostic value of synovial fluid analysis]. PMID- 706688 TI - [The course of chronic polyarthritis relative to the patients age at the time of disease manifestation]. PMID- 706689 TI - [A case of sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis]. PMID- 706690 TI - [Morphology of ankylosing spinal diseases]. PMID- 706691 TI - [Incidence of appearance of the HL-A-B27 histocompatibility antigen in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 706692 TI - [Support of the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis by means of the determination of the HL-A-B25 antigen]. PMID- 706693 TI - [Prognostic value of HL-A typing in patients with prodromal symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis (Sp. a.)]. PMID- 706694 TI - [Juvenile and senile ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 706695 TI - [The hyperostotic spondylosis in the differential diagnosis of ankylosing spinal diseases]. PMID- 706696 TI - [Spondylopathy in ochronosis, chondrocalcinosis and fluorosis]. PMID- 706697 TI - [Rare radiographic findings in the differential diagnosis of ankylosing spinal syndromes]. PMID- 706698 TI - [A case of idiopathic sclerosis of the spongiosa]. PMID- 706699 TI - [Spinal ankylosis in progresssive myositis ossificans]. PMID- 706701 TI - [Report of the work group "Classification"]. PMID- 706700 TI - [Ankylosing spinal changes in thalidomide embryopathies]. PMID- 706702 TI - [Popliteal processes in xeroradiography]. PMID- 706703 TI - [Radionuclide studies of sacroiliacal joints with 99 technetium pyrophosphate complexes]. PMID- 706705 TI - [Tenosynovectomy in the regions of the hand and the ankle--indications, technic and results]. PMID- 706704 TI - [Scintigraphic studies of the course of primary chronic polyarthritis after basic therapy with gold salts and with D-penicillamine]. PMID- 706706 TI - [The value of early synovectomy. Morphological studies on the pathogenesis of joint surface lesions due to pannus]. PMID- 706707 TI - [Experiences with 480 knee joint synovectomies]. PMID- 706708 TI - [Effect of multiple surgical interventions on the activity of chronic progressive polyarthritis]. PMID- 706709 TI - [Reduction of radiologically determined changes in chronic polyarthritis after knee joint synovectomy]. PMID- 706710 TI - [Physical therapy after knee joint synovectomy]. PMID- 706711 TI - [Animal experimental studies on injuries to the joint cartilage due to posttraumatic haemarthrosis after synovectomy]. PMID- 706712 TI - [Etiology and clinical importance of radial crypts in the rheumatic wrist joint]. PMID- 706713 TI - [Surgical correction of rheumatic foot deformities]. PMID- 706714 TI - [Intracellular mediator in vertebrate photoreceptors]. PMID- 706715 TI - [Analysis of the etiology of tapeto-retinal dystrophy]. PMID- 706717 TI - [Pathogenesis of hereditary retinal dystrophies]. PMID- 706716 TI - [Rhodopsin resynthesis in animal models of retinal dystrophy]. PMID- 706718 TI - [Results of treating peripheral retinal pigment abiotrophy with the preparation enkad]. PMID- 706719 TI - [Clinical trial using RNA preparations for treatment of tapeto-retinal dystrophies]. PMID- 706720 TI - [Clinical picture of rare forms of tapeto-retinal degeneration]. PMID- 706721 TI - [Effect of ethmozine on ventricular rhythm disorders during the course of the early and late phases of myocardial infarcts]. PMID- 706722 TI - [Feasibility of changing the diet of an unorganized population for the purpose of preventing ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 706724 TI - [Significance of the proportion of protein in the diet of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 706723 TI - [State of carbohydrate metabolism and the activity of a number of hormonal factors in ischemic heart disease with coronary atherosclerosis]. PMID- 706725 TI - [Several pathogenetic mechanisms of arterial hypertension induced by indomethacin combined with a change in the functional state of the kidneys]. PMID- 706726 TI - [Individual renal blood flow and activity of the renin-aldosterone system in patients with renovascular hypertension and hypertensive disease]. PMID- 706727 TI - [Histochemical changes in the skin in deep vasculitis]. PMID- 706728 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition reaction in evaluating increased sensitivity of the delayed type in fungal infection]. PMID- 706730 TI - [Familial alopecia areata]. PMID- 706729 TI - [Side effects and complications of the local corticosteroid therapy of dermatoses]. PMID- 706731 TI - [Hereditary-familial forms of vitiligo]. PMID- 706732 TI - [Buschke's scleredema adultorum]. PMID- 706733 TI - [Malignant degeneration of tuberculous lupus]. PMID- 706734 TI - [Study of sweating and the possibilities of reducing it on the fingers and palms of workers of a machine-building enterprise]. PMID- 706735 TI - [Treatment of enteropathic acrodermatitis with zinc preparations]. PMID- 706736 TI - [A patient with chronic generalized (granulomatous) trichophytosis]. PMID- 706737 TI - [Recurrences and reinfections of gonorrhea in men]. PMID- 706738 TI - [Culture diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women and their sexual partners]. PMID- 706739 TI - [Soluble proteins of pathologically altered skin in psoriasis]. PMID- 706741 TI - [Our experience with and the prospects for the use of radioisotope renography in dermatology]. PMID- 706740 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of ichthyosiform skin changes]. PMID- 706742 TI - [Allergic dermatoses and intestinal parasites in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau]. PMID- 706743 TI - [Case of cancer of the penis]. PMID- 706745 TI - [Penetrating ecthyma]. PMID- 706744 TI - [Development of multiple skin cancer in psoriasis patients]. PMID- 706746 TI - [Hemmorrhagic edema of the lower extremities]. PMID- 706747 TI - [Dispensary observation of patients with subcorneal pustulosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease) and their treatment]. PMID- 706748 TI - [Transmission of serum hepatitis by sexual contact]. PMID- 706749 TI - [Vascular reactions in the fingers in scleroderma]. PMID- 706750 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical manifestations of syphilis in recent years]. PMID- 706751 TI - [Acute nervous system lesions in 3 patients with recurrent syphilis]. PMID- 706752 TI - [Influence of hearing recovery on the role of retirement-age otosclerosis patients in society and the family]. PMID- 706753 TI - [Small frontal reflector]. PMID- 706754 TI - [Rhinopneumometer]. PMID- 706755 TI - [Staged reconstruction of the sound-conducting apparatus of the middle ear in chronic otitis]. PMID- 706756 TI - [Characteristics of the course of otitis media of staphylococcal etiology in young children]. PMID- 706758 TI - [Layouts of tone audibility zones and speech audiometry indices corresponding to definite distances in the perception of "live" speech by cochlear neuritis patients]. PMID- 706757 TI - [Change in the threshold angle of sound lateralization under exposure to drug preparations]. PMID- 706759 TI - [Results of the comprehensive drug therapy of patients with chemical trauma to the esophagus and stomach]. PMID- 706760 TI - [Comparative data on the morbidity among the population of the republic of ghana from ear, throat and nose diseases according to patient visits and medical exams]. PMID- 706761 TI - [Increase in the effectiveness of otorhinolarynhologic and utilization]. PMID- 706762 TI - [Problems of medical ethics and otorhinolaryngologic deontology]. PMID- 706763 TI - [Diagnosis of occupational allegoses of the upper respiratory tracts in the medical health unit of an enterprise]. PMID- 706764 TI - [Prolonged normobaric drug aerosol-oxygenation in the intensive therapy of otorhinolaryngologic patients]. PMID- 706765 TI - [Experia rifampitsina pri lechenii khronicheskikh otitov]. PMID- 706766 TI - [Deep 2-chamber abscess to the right of the temporal lobe of the brain with subsequent recovery]. PMID- 706767 TI - [Effectiveness of the pneumographic method of determining tonal thresholds in young children with weak hearing]. PMID- 706768 TI - [Treatment of perichondritis of the concha auriculae]. PMID- 706769 TI - [Foreign body, a paraffin film, on the tympanic membrane]. PMID- 706770 TI - [2 cases of a giant otic cholesteatoma]. PMID- 706771 TI - [Malignant neurinoma of the neck "simulating" a tumor of the larynx]. PMID- 706772 TI - [Tuberculous lupus (common) of the nose and pharynx]. PMID- 706773 TI - [Case of successful bougienage of pronounced cicatricial stenosis of the esophagus]. PMID- 706775 TI - [Raspatory for microsurgery on the middle ear]. PMID- 706774 TI - [Device for the objective registration of human equilibrium (a modification of s. f. shtein's goniometer)]. PMID- 706776 TI - Clinical response and gastroduodenal mucosa morphology in cimetidine treated Nigerian patients duodenal ulcer and antroduodenitis. PMID- 706777 TI - Intestinal bacterial activity in cimetidine-treated duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 706778 TI - Conjoined twins: recent experience in Zaria. PMID- 706779 TI - Mental health of Nigerian doctors as observed at the University College Hospital Ibadan. PMID- 706780 TI - Studies in haemostasis--1: The prothrombin time, its standardisation and development of a national thromboplastin standard. PMID- 706781 TI - Emergency caesarean section at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (January 1969-December 1973). PMID- 706782 TI - The radiology of achalasia of the oesophagus. PMID- 706783 TI - Chronic non-specific urethritis as psychophysiological reaction among Nigerian neurotic patients. PMID- 706784 TI - Interpregnancy interval following reproductive wastage. PMID- 706785 TI - Public health and the Nigerian population pressure. PMID- 706786 TI - Alcoholism: a major health hazard in Nigeria? PMID- 706787 TI - Systolic time intervals in Nigerians. PMID- 706788 TI - Ten leading causes of death among in-patients of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital in the year 1974. PMID- 706789 TI - A prospective study of post partum menstrual function in southern Nigerians. PMID- 706790 TI - Patterns of intravesical pressure in lower tract obstructive uropathy. PMID- 706791 TI - Therapy of speech disorders--the state of the art in Nigeria. PMID- 706792 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in benign and malignant human mammary tumours. PMID- 706793 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: case reports. PMID- 706794 TI - Angioneurotic oedema caused by sensitivity to herbal hair dye--a case report. PMID- 706796 TI - Controlled private practice in the evolution of Nigerian medical education. PMID- 706795 TI - Cervico-mediastinal thymic cyst: a case report. PMID- 706797 TI - Criteria for keeping quality in Golden Delicious apples. AB - Apples harvested in October 1975, from several regions of the Netherlands, were stored in air or under a controlled atmosphere (CA), at 3--4 degrees C in 11 batches. They were analysed for L-malate and sucrose, and their acceptability was assessed by pilot test. The decrease of L-malate during storage (0.1 g in 37.5 days in air and in 75 days under CA) was confirmed. Thus one can predict (at the start of the trial) the L-malate content at a later stage of the storage. It had been proposed previously that 0.39--0.45% of L-malate corresponds to similar proportions of acceptable and unacceptable fruits, as determined by a laboratory panel. This hypothesis was not corroborated by the pilot test. Based on the data of this test, the original criteria were adapted as follows. In most batches, the percentage of unacceptable apples is low (0--15%) as long as the content of L malate is greater than or equal to 0.55%. If L-malate has already decreased to 0.54--0.50%, then sucrose should be greater than or equal to 2%. PMID- 706799 TI - [On the iron contamination in cocoa and chocolate products (author's transl)]. AB - The investigation in question deals with the iron contamination in cocoa and chocolate products. Semi finished goods as well as finished products were examined. An average of 29 mg/kg total iron (i.e. ionic + metallic iron) was found in cocoabeans. The iron content of cocoa shells was approximately 10 fold higher. The process of grinding roasted nibs to cocoa-mass (liquor) resulted in a noticeable increase of the quantity of iron to an average amount of 150 mg/kg mass. This process thus produced an increase of the iron content of approximately 75 to as much as 200%. The cocoa powders contained more iron (238 mg/kg) than the cocoa mass, which linked to a reduction of the fat content by pressing and by grinding of the presscake. The quantities of iron observed in commercial samples of cocoa powder from different countries did not show appreciable differences. PMID- 706798 TI - [Application HTST-heating of the mash and its influence on the aroma composition during the production of apple brandy (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of HTST-heating of the mash aroma composition during production of apply brandy has been investigated by means of gas chromatography and coupled gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Starting from the apple aroma the changes in aroma components were studied quantitatively during the conventional production (without enzyme inhibition) as well as after HTST-heating (enzyme inactivation) of the mash. For this purpose 98 aroma compounds were determined in the course of mash production, fermentation and distillation. When employing HTST-heating the original aroma components of the apple particularly the fruit esters were present in appreciably higher concentrations in the mash as well as in the distillate than with the conventional production method. Simultaneously HTST-heating reduced the secondary aroma substances in mash and distillate which are formed with the conventional method by enzymatic-oxidative processes. In the unaged apple brandy obtained from HTST-treated mash lower amounts of lactates and higher concentrations of acetals were found compared with the conventionally produced distillate. PMID- 706800 TI - [A potentiometric determination of iodide in milk by use of the iron--selective electrode (author's transl)]. AB - A method for quantitative determination of iodide in milk by use of the ion selective electrode is described. The proposed method is rapid and simple. No sample pretreatment is required exept for sample ionic strength adjustment. It was possible to determine iodide concentrations down to 40 microgram/l with average relative standard deviation of 3,4%. The concentration of iodide in milk samples determined by this method ranged from 61,5 microgram J-/l to 190,8 microgram J-/l. PMID- 706801 TI - [Simultaneous determination of the anabolic angent zeranol and its metabolite zearalanon by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (author's transl)]. AB - The anabolic agent Zeranol and its metabolite Zearalanon can be determined in meat by High-Performance-Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) down to a limit of about 0.01 ppm. PMID- 706802 TI - [Flavonol glycosides of leaves and fruits of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). II. Phenolics of spices (author's transl)]. AB - From the leaves of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) ten flavonol glycosides have been isolated by means of polyamide, paper and thin-layer chromatography and could be identified by the usual procedures. The two major flavonoids, quercetin 3-O-beta D-glucuronide and isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronide, were obtained crystalline. The minor components were found to be the 3-glucosides, 3-galactosides and 3 rhamnoglucosides of quercetin and isorhamnetin. Two other 3-glycosides of quercetin and isorhamnetin occur with the component sugars galactose, xylose, and arabinose. Besides these there are probably other two flavonoids present in trace amounts. In addition, the fruits of dill contain kaempferol 3-glucuronide as main component thought this component is completely absent in leaves.--This is probably the first time that isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronide has been obtained crystalline from a plant. PMID- 706803 TI - [Determination of diterpene glycosides in coffee (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of 3'O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2'-O-isovaleroyl-2beta-(2-desoxy atractyligenin)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (KA 1) and 2-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl atractyligenin (KA II) in coffee was carried out by liquid/liquid-partition, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and photometry. In robusta and arabusta green coffees KA I levels were below the limit of detection, in arabica green coffees between 170 and 460 mg/kg. KA II was present in robusta green coffees between 10 and 45 mg/kg, in arabusta green coffee at about 60 mg/kg, in arabica green coffees between 290 and 340 mg/kg. During roasting these values are reduced, but not during commercial extraction. PMID- 706804 TI - [Phenols in roasted coffees of different varieties. I. (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty phenols were isolated from roasted coffee by distillation-extraction, separated from other constituents by absorption-chromatography, and characterized by means of GC-MS. Robusta coffee contained the largest amount of phenols, followed by Arabusta (Cote d'Ivoire) and Arabica. Quantity and type of phenols depends on variety as well as on the roasting conditions. PMID- 706806 TI - [Introduction in mycotoxin problems (author's transl)]. AB - In Part I the occurrence of mycotoxins is discussed in general terms with emphasis on how they originate in the food, taking full account of presence as secondary contaminants. Further discussions emphasize the occurrence of aflatoxin in foods with a detailed table containing 106 references. Finally, the discussion goes into the factors which influence the formation of mycotoxins and the consequences for the consumer. Part II is concerned with problems in sampling foods with aflatoxin. Difficulties in sampling arise from the different levels of aflatoxins present and from their instability in foods. Based on proposals of different investigators, sample quantities of more than 1 kg are recommended. Regulatory agencies expect concrete plans for statistical evaluation similar to those used for determination of salmonellae. It is particularly important that a solution should be found for the sampling of packaged foods so that a fair and reliable control is possible. PMID- 706805 TI - [Diphenols and caramel compounds in roasted coffees of different varieties. II. (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven diphenols and seven caramel compounds were extracted from roasted coffee with pentane/ether (1 + 1), silylated with BSTFA, characterized, and semiquantified by GC-MS. Seven phenols and five caramel components were identified for the first time in roasted coffee. Robusta coffee contained the highest amounts of phenols and maltol. Arabica showed higher amounts of furaneol (2.5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone), isomaltol, 5-hydroxymaltol, and 5 hydroxy-5.6-dihydromaltol. PMID- 706807 TI - [High frequency pyrolysis of selected carbohydrates (author's transl)]. AB - Glucose, amylose, amylopectin, cellulose, fructose, inulin, saccharose, celluloseacetate and methyl-cellulose were treated by High Frequency Pyrolysis (Curie Point Pyrolysis) at 700 degrees C. Volatile compounds formed by this process were separated by gas chromatography and the structures determined by GC/MS. PMID- 706808 TI - [Solubility of phospholipids in oilseeds depending on the extraction conditions (author's transl)]. AB - The results of the determination of oil content depend on the method and on the solvent used. Extractions by the Twisselmann method give increasing yields in the order n-pentane, hexane, and n-heptane. Using the Soxhlet extraction, much lower yields were obtained with n-heptane than with the other two solvents. In both methods, the phospholipid content in the extracts depends only on the solvent and not on the method used. The yield and composition of the mixture of phospholipids vary in the different methods of extraction. PMID- 706809 TI - [Determination of reduced and oxidised glutathione in wheat flours and doughs (author's transl)]. AB - A quantitative method for the analysis of reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione in cereals has been developed. The steps are: Extraction of the flour or dough and carboxymethylation of GSH, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, chromatography on Dowex 50 WX8 and after basic cleavage determination of the separated GSSG with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), separation of carboxymethylated GSH on Dowex 1X8 and determination with 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. When analysing for the amount of GSH and GSSG in flours of three varieties of wheat the former ranged from 0.27 to 0.46 mumol/g and the latter from 0.26 to 0.38 mumol/g. After kneading for 5 min to a dough the GSH disappeared with a corresponding increase in GSSG. PMID- 706810 TI - Model studies on the heating of food proteins--heat-induced oligomerisation of ribonuclease. AB - Commercial ribonuclease was heated at temperatures between 80 degrees C and 180 degrees C for 1--24 h. A stoichiometric oligomerisation was observed. Dimeric ribonuclease appeared after 1 h at 80 degrees C. With increasing time and/or temperature the number of oligomers formed rose at first. The highest oligomer that could be detected was the hexamer (140 degrees C, 8 and 16 h). A further increase in time and/or temperature resulted in a decrease of the number of oligomers and a rise in the polymer fraction. The importance of this reaction in the changes produced by heating food proteins and various reaction mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 706811 TI - Studies on enzymic browning of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). IV. Relationship between tyrosine turnover and rate of browning. AB - Using analytical data from the literature the tyrosine turnover was calculated by a method published previously by us for 72 potato samples with different rates of browning. The samples included 9 varieties grown at three locations in 1969, which were analysed after harvest and after different times of storage at three temperatures. For 58 samples (81%) this calculation led to the same classification of the varieties as did visual observation of the rate of discolouration. It is concluded that enzymic browning of potatoes is correlated rather with tyrosine turnover, which depends on the concentrations of phenol oxidase, tyrosine, chlorogenic acid, and ascorbic acid, than with any single parameter. PMID- 706812 TI - [Methods for the determination of vitamins by means of HPLC. IV. Determination of vitamin K3 in vitamin premixes and mineral supplements (author's transl)]. AB - A method is described for rapid determination of vitamin K3 (menadione) in vitamin premixes and mineral supplements. The menadione is extracted in the form of the bisulphite compound. After conversion into menadione the vitamin is taken up in n-hexane and is determined by HPLC without further clean-up. PMID- 706813 TI - [The effectiveness of an (Aspergillus) differential medium in the course of the mycological examination of foods]. AB - The effectiveness of Aspergillus differential medium (ADM) for the identification of Aspergillus strains was tested. The bright yellow-orange pigment was produced by 205 (88,7%) of 231 strains and resp. 97 (61,3%) of 158 strains, which during routine mycologic diagnostic as A.flavus and A.oryzae, respectively. Strains of the groups A.clavatus (76), A.glacus (100), A.fumigatus-(9), A.niger-(6), A.candidus-(3), A.wentii-(1), A.versicolor (23), A.nidulans (6), A.ustus (1) and A.terreus (1) gave negative results. Positive results were shown by 9 strains of the A.ochraceus group. It was shown that for the mycological examination of certain foods the ADM medium can make an important contribution to the identification of potential aflatoxin producers. However it is better not to use the ADM medium only alone but also together with other customary mycological nutrient media. PMID- 706814 TI - [The activity of sorbic acid against mycotoxin forming microorganisms (author's transl)]. AB - Potassium sorbate at a concentration of 200-400 ppm inhibits mycotoxin forming Aspergillus versicolor at a pH of 5.7-5.9 in culture media and fermented sausages. PMID- 706815 TI - [Determination of MCPA and TERBACIL in apples (author's transl)]. AB - Analytical methods for the determination of MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and TERBACIL (3-tert. butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) in apples are described. The detection limits of the methods are 0.04 mg/kg for TERBACIL and 0.1 mg/kg for MCPA. With additions between 0.05--0.1 mg TERBACIL/kg apples the recovery rates lie between 95--105%. With additions between 0.1--0.5 mg MCPA/kg apples the recovery is between 103--114%. PMID- 706816 TI - [Preventive medicine, personal responsibility and professional responsibility]. PMID- 706817 TI - [Deaths caused by poisoining in Switzerland]. AB - In order to assess the mortality from poisoning in Switzerland, the medical certificates of death from the years 1972 to 1976 were analyzed. A comparison with earlier work shows that the overall mortality remains constant, with an increase of suicidal and a decrease of accidental and chronic poisoning. Most suicides are committed with drugs (especially hypnotics) and, mainly by men, with carbon monoxide (exhaust gas). Chronic fatal poisoning from the abuse of analgesics is lessening, at length, whereas death from hard drugs is on the increase. Fatal accidental poisoining is relatively rare in Switzerland. Among the victims are children, but adults as well, and particularly old people. Involved agents (carbon monoxide, drugs and medicines, technical and agricultural poisons, mushrooms) are pointed out with regard to prevention. PMID- 706818 TI - [Migration and behavioral pecularities of nursery-school children in Basel]. AB - The Basle Kindergarten Study is looking at the effects of migration on health and development. Local, social and cultural relationships are broken up through migration. We call this break of relationship "up-rooting". Deviant behaviour can be understood as indicator of disturbed psychosocial development. Two hypotheses are examined: 1. Signs of up-rooting are concentrated in migrant-families. 2. The children in these families show more deviant behaviour. Both hypotheses are not supported by our preliminary data. PMID- 706819 TI - [Influencing factors related to narcotic consumption and leisure sports in juveniles]. AB - This report presents some results of a survey of 2872 men and women of 17 to 18 years of age. A multivariate analysis shows a strong association of consumption of illegal drugs with that of tobacco and alcohol, as well as with absence of spare time sports activities (men) and excessive use of medicaments (women). The results favour a multifactorial model of prevention of drug abuse. PMID- 706820 TI - [Estimation of food intake by adolescents through subject interviews and questionnaires addressed to parents]. AB - The adolescents' interview refers to his/her usual weekly food intake, except for fats which are estimated from the parents' answers. Replies given to questions introduced as a check revealed important differences between the answers given by the parents and those of the adolescents. PMID- 706821 TI - [Tricipital and subscapular skinfold thickness: normal values for boys and girls between 4 and 19 1/2 years of age from Western Switzerland]. AB - Application of profile analysis (4) to skinfold thickness (tricipital ; subscapular) experimentally shows that when data are collected under strict control of the measuring technique, the fluctuations ascribale to observers, to left or right body sides, and to replications may be almost entirely eliminated. PMID- 706822 TI - [Consumption of sweets by schoolchildren in Basel]. AB - In September 1977 a 24 hour recall interview on nutritional habits, especially on the consumption of oligosacchrides was performed on 2'563 school children of Basel, aged 7 to 15 years after having attended a dental examination. 80,4% did consume sugar containing sweets between the 5 regular meals. The higher the degree of education among the three intermediate schooltypes, the less consumers were found (p less than 0,05). Factors which may influence the different consumption patterns are social status and knowledge on nutritional diseases (e.g. diabetes), but not pocket money. A link between data of the nutritional study and those of the dental examination will follow. PMID- 706823 TI - [Early recognition of lung changes in young smokers]. AB - To assess small airway obstruction in teenagers with a habit of smoking maximal expiratory flow-volume where obtained while the children were breathing first air and then a helium-air-mixture. The point of identical flow (PIF), the volume in which flow was the same with air and with helium was for the smokers significantly higher than the mean PIF in the nonsmokers-controls. PMID- 706824 TI - [Passive smoking under experimental conditions and in field studies]. AB - The degree of annoyance and irritations has been investigated on subjects exposed for 1 hour to constant concentrations of cigarette smoke as well as in 3 restaurants of Zurich. PMID- 706825 TI - [Effect of the school environment on the smoking and drinking behavior of students]. AB - It is confirmed that young adolescents tend to consume alcohol and tobacco as tension releaser as well as symbolic participation in adult values. PMID- 706826 TI - [Smoking behavior in 2 rural communities near Zurich]. AB - In the course of a community intervention study smoking prevalence was shown to increase and age of onset to decrease successively with decreasing age in both sexes; about half of the smokers tried at some time to stop. The educational programme had some effect in preventing extension of the habit. PMID- 706827 TI - [Utilization of hospitalization for the modification of smoking behavior]. AB - Advantages and methods of treating smoking addiction during hospitalisation are described briefly. PMID- 706828 TI - [Self-treatment among employees of the Swiss railroad and postal systems]. AB - In this paper some initial results of a study of self-treatment in case of light illness are reported. The average number of reported measures taken is 3,5 in general infections and infections of the respiratory tract, 2,6 in digestive disorders, and 2,5 in disorders of the musculo-skeletal system. In all three groups of disorders, the most frequent single measures was bed rest, the second most frequent was measuring body temperature in the first diagnostic group, drinking tea in the second, and massage in the third. In the first diagnostic group, an average of 2,2 pharmacologic agents are taken, in the second 1,1, and in the third 1,3. Analgesic drugs play an important role in all three groups, pointing to the primordial role of pain relief in self-medication. 84,5% of the interviewed sample indicate use of folk medicines. 90% of the applied drugs come from the stock of the home pharmacy. PMID- 706829 TI - [Morphologic distribution of tumors occuring in the canton of Vaud]. AB - After a short presentation of the methodological aspects of cancer registration and morphological coding, the results concerning cancer of the upper digestive tract, lung, testis and ovary were discussed. Some distributions of the main histological types are analysed by age, sex, site and multiple primaries. Known statistical associations are described between morphology and sex for lung cancer and between morphology and controlateral tumor for ovary. PMID- 706830 TI - [Health profile of employed men and women--representative study]. AB - Representative studies on 1260 men and 980 women working in Swiss factories showed, that 21% of the men and 27% of the women (5% gynecological diseases) were in medical care in the moment of our examination. PMID- 706831 TI - [Chest pain and cardiac morbidity in two rural communities near Zurich. Survey results 1974/75]. AB - The prevalence of coronary heart disease in predisposing symptoms in 2 entire communities was estimated by means of the standardized WHO questionnaire, yielding rates around 10% and 25% at ages 20--49 and 50--64, respectively. PMID- 706832 TI - National Research Program 1: planning and organisation. PMID- 706833 TI - National Research Program 1: data flow and data handling. PMID- 706834 TI - National Research Program 1: the community intervention strategy. PMID- 706835 TI - National Research Program 1: participation at the baseline screening. PMID- 706836 TI - [Study of pulmonary function in workers of 2 enterprises dealing with the curing of teas, herbal extracts and spices in relation to the time of exposure]. PMID- 706837 TI - [Causes of accidents in Swiss forestry]. AB - In Swiss public forests about 3600 work accidents occur yearly. These accident rates are higher than in any other branch of industry in Switzerland. Statistical evaluation and investigation of near accidents established great risks for power saw work. The results show that the accident causes are lack of concentration, time pressure, bad weather and general fatigue. PMID- 706838 TI - [Demonstration of a control lever for a simulator of visual aptitudes]. AB - In this paper, the design and testing of the control of a new visual screener are described. The equipment is composed of a push-pull lever, an electronic digitalizer and a display on which Landolt rings are presented. The problem to be solved was to check whether the eight directions in which the lever could be oriented were equally reliable. For this purpose, 24 untrained subjects were required to respond to 108 by-chance oriented optotypes. This experiment demonstrated that the device was reliable in this respect that it produced very few errors; however, fiability was unequally distributed over the eight orientations. Suggestions for improvement were made. PMID- 706840 TI - [Repetitive work and psychosomatic complaints]. AB - 200 workers of the Swiss watch industry were examined in an interdisciplinary study on the effect of repetitive work on the wellbeing of the worker. Women doing repetitive work with little autonomy complained more often about psychosomatic problems than the male workers doing non-repetitive work. This difference is interpreted as a difference of sexe rather than one of the work situation. However, there is a significant difference in the complaint about nervosity between women being paid monthly and women who were paid by piece or by hour with a premium. PMID- 706839 TI - [Ocular fatigue induced due to work on visual screens]. AB - It appears that visual complaints, as they are expressed by numerous TV screen operators, are associated with common eye defects. Our results based on a survey with questionnaires and visual testing sustain such an hypothesis. As a consequence, solving eye problems at TV screens requires both the improvement of visual displays and the visual adaptation of users. If impossible working-time should be reduced. PMID- 706841 TI - [Comparison of various sampling devices for airborn dust]. AB - Measuring particulate matter, rather not well-defined term, consists of two basic steps: samling and analysis. In a comparative study, three types of samples viz. Hi-Vol Sampler, LIB Sampler, and Dichotomous Sampler were operated side by side for ten 24-hour samples. Results of their gravimetric and elemental analysis are reported. PMID- 706842 TI - [Size distribution of PAH and of lead in atmospheric particles]. AB - An analysis of an atmospheric urban aerosol with regard to the nature and particle size distribution for different locations has been undertaken. Results indicate that 67% of total suspended matter, 87% of lead, and 70--80 % of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) penetrate the respiratory tracts. PMID- 706843 TI - [Noise protection at the Autobahn N 3--case study]. AB - This study deals with the actual and the future noise situation along a highway over a distance of 3,5 km. Three alternatives for noise protection measures, their efficiency and their costs are proposed. PMID- 706844 TI - [Panorama change in alcohol-criminality. Analysis of blood alcohol findings evaluated in the year 1965 and 1975 (author's transl)]. AB - Evaluation of 8834 blood alcohol findings from individuals in police custody and suspect of criminal actions (3434 relate to the year 1965, 5400 to 1975). Classification of the findings according to the following aspects: blood alcohol concentrations in general and with regard to sex, profession, age and nature of the suspected offense--the findings of the two years (1965 and 1975) are compared and the individual results presented. The analysis suggests that: In young people of any age-group the absolute number of alcohol delicts shows a considerable increase during the last 10 years (1965--1975). In adults, with the exception of the 31--40 year age-group, there was no significant increase in these offences. Comparing the results of the individual delicts in 1965 and 1975 there was no significant difference in the level of the blood alcohol-concentration-groups. Unskilled workers were more frequently involved in nearly all alcohol-related crimes. In 1965 6,6% and in 1975 7,9% of alcohol-related offenses were committed by females. Compared with other districts in 1975 alcohol-criminality has increased significantly in the new suburban colonies of Hamburg (built since 1965) (public housing, high-rise housing). PMID- 706845 TI - Effects of reserpine and propranolol on urinary excretion of histamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine in severe cold exposure in normal and cold-acclimated Guinea pigs. AB - The effects of cold-acclimation, reserpine and propranolol were investigated on the survival time, rectal temperature and urinary excretion of histamine and 5-HT in guinea-pigs at -20 degrees C. Both reserpine and propranolol shortened survival time by 3 hours and 1.5 hours respectively, the shortest time being in the cold-acclimated reserpine-treated animals. There was a trend in severe cold exposure to increased excretion of histamine both in the non-acclimated and in cold-acclimated animals. Reserpine did not change the excretion but increased the concentration of histamine from 0.08 to 0.25 microgram/ml. Propranolol proved to be a histamine liberator by increasing the excretion in non-acclimated from 0.10 to 1.40 microgram/h and concentration from 0.10 to 4.52 microgram/ml and in cold acclimated animals the excretion from 0.20 to 2.85 microgram/h and the concentration from 0.08 to 3.23 microgram/ml. Severe cold increased the excretion of 5-HT in the non-acclimated animals from 0.08 to 0.21 microgram/h and cold acclimation increased this to 0.17 microgram/h. Reserpine diminished the excretion from 0.08 to 0.03 microgram/h in the non-acclimated animals, but propranolol had no effect. The results showed that the excretion of histamine and 5-HT into urine are changed in cold and can be modified with drugs. The application of the findings in proving a cold stress deserves further study. PMID- 706846 TI - [On the detection of clomethiazole in urine (author's transl)]. AB - It may become necessary to prove that clomethiazole (Distraneurin) has been taken when supervising addicts, with traffic accidents under the influence of drugs and when the cause of death is unclear. Since the compound is almost completely metabolized in the body, a method has been developed to detect its main metabolite, 4-methyl-5-thiazole acetic acid in the urine. The acid can be precisely identified and determined by a combination of selective extractions, high-voltage electrophoresis and UV measurements. PMID- 706849 TI - [Morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in relation to the natural and climatic conditions in the region of the construction of the eastern portion of the Baikal-Amur mainline]. PMID- 706847 TI - [Fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine caused by hanging (author's transl)]. AB - In comparison to the pattern of lesions of the soft tissue of the neck and the CVC in case of suicidal hanging 17 postmortal fracture-dislocations of the neck are investigated. It could be demonstrated that on principle in case of hanging the dens-fracture can occur. With respect to the hangman's fracture (Wood-Jones) a differentiation into 3 types is proposed. PMID- 706848 TI - [The influence of acids and bases on the development of morphological and biochemical wound reactions (author's transl)]. AB - 1) The influence of acids and bases on the development of the early wound reactions in the intact and the mechanically injured skin of guinea pigs was investigated. The cellular and the enzymohistochemical reactions showed to be different: the tissue leucocytosis after mechanical trauma is less restrained by chemical effects than the reactive increase of enzymic activity in the border of wounds, which proved to be affected by acids more than by bases. Changes in activity of structure bound enzymes could not be demonstrated in the skin after mere action of acids and bases, but only after mechanical trauma. The cellular reaction is in the border of the base necrosis more compact, in case of the acid necrosis broader and more diffuse. Characteristic changes in the nucleus were preferentially found after basic reaction. 2) In the mechanically unhurt skin a significant excess of histamine was found after the action of acids, while the liberation of serotonin was distinctly decreased. After incision and addition of acid the histamine level was decreased and the serotonin concentration significantly increased. After exposition of guinea pig skin to chemicals, the concentrations of the so-called tissue hormones showed a contrary course. 3) After postmortal incision and following cauterization a distinct increase of histamine was found in the wound area. Generally the excess of free histamine in comparison to the unhurt skin is considered to be a vital reaction. But because degranulation of mast cells and liberation of histamine can also be caused by chemical influence in the postmortal period, a critical interpretation in cases of skin exposition to acids or bases is necessary. PMID- 706850 TI - [Morbidity with temporary work incapacity in workers engaged in the manufacture and processing of synthetic resins and plastics]. PMID- 706851 TI - [Bed resources utilization efficiency in the emergency surgical departments of general hospitals]. PMID- 706852 TI - [Role and tasks of specialized councils in raising the training quality of scientific and scientific teaching personnel]. PMID- 706853 TI - [Anti-alcohol work experience with an "endangered contingent" of the underaged]. PMID- 706854 TI - [Let us improve the system of higher medical education]. PMID- 706855 TI - [Forms and methods of training management personnel]. PMID- 706856 TI - [Preventive care in industrial medicine--tasks and problems]. PMID- 706857 TI - [Hazards caused by mineral dust and asbestos--G 1]. PMID- 706858 TI - [Hazards through carbon disulfide--G 6]. PMID- 706859 TI - [Hazards through mercury--G 9]. PMID- 706860 TI - [Hazards through hydrogen sulfide--G 11]. PMID- 706861 TI - [Hazards through tetrachloromethane--G 13]. PMID- 706862 TI - [Hazards through chromium-IV-compounds--G 15]. PMID- 706864 TI - [Hazards through monochloromethan--G 28]. PMID- 706863 TI - [Hazards caused by tetrachloroethylene (G17), tetrachloroethane and pentachloroethane (G 18)]. PMID- 706865 TI - [Hazards through aromatic nitro and amino compounds--G 33]. PMID- 706866 TI - [Characteristics of respirable airborn dusts in work areas of a Martin steel factory]. PMID- 706867 TI - [Combination of visceral surgical procedures with reconstructive artery surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The combination of visceral surgery procedures together with reconstructive artery surgery is recommended on the basis of the experiences with 16 simultaneous operations of this kind. An increasing risk of infection during such simultaneous operations may be prohibited by special surgical techniques. The good cooperation between general surgeons and vascular surgeons and a very restrictive indication for such simultaneous operations are of greatest importance. PMID- 706868 TI - [Early detection and results of therapy of malignant tumours of the rectum and sigmoid colon (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of statistical data indicates 0 growth of incidence and high percentage of advanced cases of rectum and colon cancer. The mean duration of preoperative history of rectum cancer comprises 8,9 months. The main causes of late diagnosis included the patients' unawareness of the symptoms of the lesion, and the defects of examinations performed in out-patient clinics. The efficacy of medical services rendered to this group of patients can be improved by extending the system of proctological services, establishing a practice of specialized out patient examinations, screening procedures by proctologists, as well as developing modern diagnostic and operative measures for oncological lesions. PMID- 706869 TI - [Blunt injuries of the abdomen in children (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 8 different hospitals 298 children suffering from blunt injuries of the abdomen were reported. 115 children had 141 different intra and/or retroperitoneal injuries of their viscera. Urgency and sequence of diagnostic measures being of highest importance for the destiny of the patient are evaluated. PMID- 706870 TI - [Blunt abdominal injuries in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Traffic accidents are among the most important causes of child death. It is sometimes quite difficult to diagnose blunt abdominal traumata due to traffic accidents. 35 blunt hepatic and splenic injuries treated in our clinic during the period of 1971 to 1976 have been evaluated and pertinent references reviewed. PMID- 706871 TI - [Abortive duplication of the gut (author's transl)]. AB - Presentation of a case of intestinal duplication sited in the rectosigmoid colon. Rectosigmoid colon and duplication were coated with gastric mucosa. Diagnosis of heterotopic gastric mucosa was done by biopsy and 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy. The diseased colon was removed by Rehbein pull-through procedure. Complete removal was proved by clinical course and scintigraphy. PMID- 706872 TI - [Efficiency after radical surgery for bronchectasis (author's transl)]. AB - The maximally possible efficiency as well as the O2-supply (VO2 max) necessary for this purpose comes in patients with resection of 1 to 5 segments to 25 to 30% less than in healthy persons. The loss of 6 to 10 segments lowers the capacity of compensation by 40%. Persisting bronchitis decreases this mechanism for 10 to 12% more. PMID- 706873 TI - [Intramedullary nailing of childhood femoral-shaft fractures while protectings the growth zones]. PMID- 706874 TI - [Endocrine aspects of ovarian cancer. I. Clinical and pathological-anatomical examinations]. AB - A group of 131 patients with carcinoma of the ovary developed in 16% irregular bleedings. In 9,2% bleeding was caused dysfunctional. 9 of 42 cases (= 21%) showed a significant prolife-ration of the endometrium. The findings are compared with the results of other authors and discussed. PMID- 706875 TI - [Endocrine aspects of ovarian concer. II. Biochemical and histochemical examinations]. AB - In the values of estradiol estimated radioimmunologically in the serum in a group of 12 patients with carcinoma of the ovary there were no significant differences to a control group. The histochemical reaction for the visualiztion of steroid 3beta-ol-dehydrogenase was in 3 of 10 cases only slightly positive. PMID- 706876 TI - [Search for cytological traces of cancer in pregnancy]. AB - Between 1970 and 1976 a total of 8254 gravidae were screened by smears of the cervix for carcinoma. The results regarded to doubtful (classification III) and positive (classification IV) smears were compaired with the frequency in not pregnant women. In pregnant women doubtful or positive smears were found in 5.2%, in not-pregnant women in 12.0%. In the reported period a decrease of these smears were to observed: from 7.5% to 3.0%. The mean age of gravidae with doubtful smears is about 6 years beyond the mean age of gravidae with positive smears. Doubtful smears (classification III) in pregnant women are of less value but of same importance than in not-pregnant women; positive smears are of the same value and importance. Altogether there were 5 preinvasive and 5 invasive carcinomas of the cervix and 1 carcinoma of the vagina. The classification and consequences of carcinoma screening during gestation were discussed. PMID- 706877 TI - [Case report on fistula cervico-laqueatica]. AB - It is reported on the fistula cervico-laqueatica as a special form of female genital fistula. Symptoms, reasons, and effects as well as possibilities for avoiding and treating of these fistulas are represented. PMID- 706878 TI - [Surgical therapy of cervix cancer and its compications. (Experience report from 1970-1976 at the Gynecologic Clinic of the Cottbus District Hospital]. AB - Clinical report on the carcinoma of the uterine cervix in 263 patients seen between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 1976 are reported. 190 patients were operated. 73 cases were assigned to irradiation treatment. This corresponds to an operation frequency of 72,5 per cent. The vaginal radical operation according to Schauta-Stoeckel was prefered (69,5%). The most patients were operated in FIGO stage I b (43,2%). In 4,15 per cent wounded neighbour-organs, most the bladder (2,97%) Frequency of fistula was 1,78%. In all instances the fistula can be corrected. 5-year recovery is 83,95%. PMID- 706879 TI - [Histological-lymphographic findings in stage I A cervix cancer]. AB - In 150 patients suffering from carcinoma cervicis uteri stage I A preoperative lymphographias and in 99 patients clinical and lymphographical follow-up controls were carried out. The histological proved metastases of the lymphonodes were less than 1%. Indications for preoperative lymphographias only are to be seen in carcinoma cervicis uteri stage I A2 for which histological criteria are presented. PMID- 706880 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of female genital sarcomas]. AB - A report is given about 75 genital sarcomas treated at the 1 st university clinic of obstetrics and gynaecology in vienna during the period 1960--1972. This number consists of 60 sarcomas of the corpus uteri, 3 cervical sarcomas, 8 ovarian sarcomas and 4 sarcomas of the vagina. Their therapy and prognosis is discussed. The importance of radical operative therapy with postoperative radio therapeutic treatment is emphasized and the necessity of a central documentation and a uniform classification of clinical and histological stages is pointed out. PMID- 706881 TI - [Clinical-pathological relationships of potenially malignant cystadenomas of the ovaries]. AB - A retrospective analysis of selected cases with ovarian tumours accumulated in our institute over a period of 20 years was done. Eight serous and 5 mucinous cystadenomas of borderline malignancy were reviewed. Out of the serous cystadenomas two led to death through recurrence, in other two instances the fatal outcome was caused by the transformation of the tumour to carcinoma. One of the mucinous cystadenomas was recurring. The progression of these tumours was relatively slow, manifesting 5 years after the first intervention. The relative favourable prognosis of ovarian cystadenomas with borderline malignancy seems to be supported by the observation that in the remaining 8 cases, radical surgery can ensure a 9 to 16 years survival time. The analysis of certain cases demonstrates that partial surgery can be performed only under adequate condition. PMID- 706882 TI - [Results of combined surgical-radiological therapy of ovarian carcinoma from the radiological viewpoint]. AB - Based on a material of 90 patients with malignant ovarian tumours the results of a chirurgical-radiological combination therapy are discussed. The radiotherapy with telecobalt in the area of small pelvis and regional lymphatic drainage represented achieves good results with justifiable secondary effects. The 5-year survival rate is 36,1%. PMID- 706883 TI - [Incidence and significance of neuraminidase and N-acetylneuraminate-pyruvate lyase in various animal Haemophilus species]. PMID- 706884 TI - [Spontaneous occurrence of infectious hepatomyelopathy (inclusion body hepatitis) in bursectomized chicks]. PMID- 706885 TI - Bovine hematology. IV. Comparative breed studies on the erythrocyte parameters of 16 European cattle breeds as determined in the Common Reference Laboratory. PMID- 706886 TI - [The blocking phenomenon]. PMID- 706887 TI - [Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in female breeding pigs]. PMID- 706888 TI - [Lipid peroxidation intensity and the vitamin E level in the tissues after immobilization stress]. PMID- 706889 TI - [Basic properties of the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. II. The histoenzymology of energy metabolism]. PMID- 706890 TI - [Stimulation of antitumor immunity in vivo using the RNA isolated from the splenic cells of tumor-bearing mice]. PMID- 706891 TI - [Histological evaluation of the regenerative capacity of the skin in the treatment of burn wounds with a vitamin E-based ointment]. PMID- 706892 TI - [Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of a unilocular hydatid of the brain]. PMID- 706893 TI - [Value of radioisotopic study methods in detecting metastatic liver and lymph node lesions in cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 706894 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the placenta in premature bursting of waters]. PMID- 706895 TI - [Catecholamine homeostasis in chronic renal insufficiency and its change during the process of hemodialysis]. PMID- 706896 TI - [Effect of surgical intervention on leukocyte osmotic resistance in heart defects]. PMID- 706898 TI - [Effect of the overall therapy on the state of the cardiovascular system in acromegaly]. PMID- 706897 TI - [Fluorescent probe study of ganglioside interaction with membrane structures]. PMID- 706899 TI - [Age and clinico-pathogenetic correlations in acute cerebrovascular lesions]. AB - A clinico-pathological analysis of 390 cases demonstrated that the clinico pathogenetical traits of acute cerebrovascular lesions in individuals of different age groups permitted to distinguish in the group of acute cerebral dyshemia 2 nosological variants: acute disorders of cerebral circulation in the young and acute disorders of cerebral circulation in the elderly. In the young age group there is a prevalence of hemorrhagic processes, in the elderly-- ischemic lesions. An aggravating factor influencing the outcome in the younger group is the development of secondary liquid and cerebral hemocirculatory disorders, while in the other group--early appearing somatic disturbances. The important pathophysiological links due to which there may be clinical differences in the studied 2 groups are different types of the cerebral vasomotor function and the reactivity of the sino-aortal reflexogenic system. PMID- 706900 TI - [Functional state of the kidneys in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders]. AB - A clinico-laboratorial study of the functional state of the kidneys in 54 patients with severe hemorrhagical and ischemic brain strokes established intensified glomerular filtration in a relatively preserved water excretional, concentrational, Na and K uretical kidney function. The detected azotemia is considered as a result of excessive production of residual blood over the increased function of the kidneys to their elimination. Classical acute kidney insufficiency developed in 3 patients with severe disturbances of hemocirculation. PMID- 706901 TI - [Tabular method of evaluation in the diagnosis of complicated brain infarct]. AB - On the basis of a clinico-anatomical comparison in 70 cases of complicated infarctions and 77 observations of white infarctions the author elaborated computing tables. It was established that the following signs have certain diagnostic significance: the degree of changed consciousness, meningeal symptoms, symptoms indicating a secondary lesion of the brain stem and symptoms characterizing the degree of focal neurological disturbances. Among the supplementary methods of special significance is CSF analysis. PMID- 706902 TI - [Experience with mathematical analysis of regional arterial pressure in occupational pathology of the hypothalamus]. AB - The authors performed a mathematical analysis of systemic and regional (temporal and retinal) arterial pressure in 193 patients with lesions of the hypothalamic are of professional etiology and in the control group of 280 individuals. There was dissociation between the figures of sytemic and cerebral arterial pressure a high degree of variability in the bronchial, temporal, retinal arteries. A correlation between the character of disturbances and clinical forms of pathology was established. Any connection between the indices of AD and the form of professional factor, service with noxious factors and duration of the disease was not found. The authors discuss questions of pathogenesis in the changes of arterial pressure and possible approaches in therapy. PMID- 706903 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of the brain in patients with cerebral circulatory pathology in the presence of hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 706904 TI - [Difficulties and errors in the diagnosis of intracranial venous thromboses]. AB - On the basis of a study of 192 cases with cerebral venous thrombosis (mainly thrombophlebites), including 135 verified cases, and analysis of literature data, the author indicate the character and causes of difficulties and errors in the diagnosis of such conditions. An objective ground for diagnostical difficulties is a significant polymorphism in the clinical picture. Diagnostical errors may also be due to insufficient knowledge of physicians of this form of pathology, a tendency to make "usual" clinical diagnoses. The paper contains a description of the clinical picture of cerebral venous thrombophlebitis with clinical examples promoting differential diagnosis. PMID- 706905 TI - [Visual disorders in circulatory disorders of the area served by the posterior cerebral artery]. AB - A neuroophthalmological examination of 89 patients with disorders of circulation in the basin of the posterior cerebral arteries demonstrated different variants of changes in the visual field and a drop of visual acuity. The visual disturbances in most of the cases were stable, sometimes with positive dynamics and only in 15% of the cases they were transient. The traits of visual disturbances, their combination with other neurological changes (visual gnostical, visual-spacial impairment of memory) were connected with lesions of separate vessels of the vertebro-basillar and carotid systems. With the aid of functional tests in some cases hardly perceptible, insignificant disturbances in the system of the visual analyzer, permitting to correctly evaluate the visual changes and to establish their relation to certain vascular bains, were revealed. PMID- 706906 TI - [Blood glycolipids of patients with cerebral circulatory disorders]. AB - The paper is concerned with a study of the glycolipid content in the blood of 70 patients with acute disorders of brain circulation and in 14 patients with the initial signs of insufficiency of circulation. It was established that in the plasma and blood cells in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes the amount of gangliosides and cerebrosides were considerably higher than in normals (35 cases). In patients with transient disorders of brain circulation and initial signs of insufficiency of brain circulation the content of glycolipids is increased to a lesser degree. A conclusion has been made that there is a possible involvement of oligosaccharidceramides (mono- and asyalgangliosides, galactocerebrosides) in the occurrence of disorders in cerebral hemodynamics. PMID- 706907 TI - [Sulfur-containing substances in the urine and blood of patients with cerebral circulatory disorders]. AB - In 138 patients (87 males and 51 females) with hypertensive disease (90 cases) and atherosclerosis (48 cases) the authors studied the content of sulfur and its fractions in the blood and the level of excretion with urine in disturbances of cerebral circulation. In hypertensive disease and cerebral atherosclerosis, complicated by disturbances of cerebral circulation, there were quantitative changes in the level of sulfur-containing substances both in the blood serum and urine. Disorders in the sulfur metabolism indicate a drop of the autotoxic function in the liver, quite possibly related to the influence of pathological changes proceeding in the central nervous system. PMID- 706908 TI - [Comparative study of stroke morbidity in Tartu (Estonian SSR) and in Espoo and Kauniainen (Finland)]. AB - The incidence of strokes was studied in Tartu (Estonian SSR) during 1970-1973 and in Espoo-Kauniainen (Finland) during 1972-1973. The study involves only cases of first strokes. According to the standardized data (the population of Finland for 1970 was accepted as a standard) the incidence for strokes in Tartu was 160 cases per year. The incidence in Espoo-Kauniainen was higher mainly among females younger than 50 years due to more frequent subarachnoidal hemorrhages in Finland. In both cities the incidence was somewhat higher in males, rather than in females. Lethality during the first 3 months was higher in Tartu (51%), than in Espoo-Kaunianen (39%) due to an older population. PMID- 706909 TI - [Latent endogenous depressions. III. 4 components and 4 stages of latent enogenous depression]. AB - The united somatopsychic structure of larvated depressions consists of asthenia, pathological sensations (cenesthopathy), vegeto-visceral and effective disorders due to a central disturbance of general sensibility. The development of the endo thymopatical process is expressed in the following stages: 1) vital-asthenic; 2) cenesthopathic-dysthymic; 3) anxious-hypochondriac; 4) delusional-hypochondriac. The second and third stages are larvated depressions in the narrow sense of the word, since the pseudosomatical changes are the main disturbances. PMID- 706910 TI - [Decrease in the thrombocyte monoamine oxidase activity of schizophrenic patients]. AB - The authors measured the monoaminoxidase activity in thrombocytes of 28 schizophrenic patients and in 36 normal donors. The monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenic patients was decreased by 14% and in the subgroup of patients with continuous schizophrenia by 19.5% as compared to that of normals. The monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenic female patients did not significantly differ from the norm, while the male patients differed highly significantly from the normal. The decrease of monoamine oxidase activity correlated with the level of negative disorders (r = 0,71; P less than 0,01). A correlation with positive disorders was not noted. PMID- 706911 TI - [So-called series of attacks in the course of schizophrenia (clinico epidemiologic study)]. AB - The author performed an overall study of schizophrenic patients with series of attacks, the amount of which was equal to 120 of the general population, living on the territory of 3 districts of Moscow. The study demonstrated the degree of prevalence of this contingent in the general population. Groups with a relatively favourable and severe development of the disease with serial attacks were distinguished. There was correlation between some clinical signs and favourable development of the disease, permitting to speak of a favourable prognosis in most cases of schizophrenia with serial attacks. PMID- 706912 TI - [Terminal states of schizophrenia in old age]. AB - On the basis of a study of 217 patients with terminal schizophrenic states in old age the author found it possible to distinguish 2 forms of such conditions: psychotic and deficient. The psychotic forms were expressed in syndromological polymorphic psychoses, which most frequently reflected the form of the process development and which is senescence often enough undergone pathoplastical changes. The deficiency forms were presented by apathic dementia, while the connection with the previous form of development was lost. In many cases in old age there was worsening of the states with a senile-like change of the clinical picture. PMID- 706913 TI - [Alcoholic psychoses in patients with sluggish schizophrenia]. AB - Among the 36 patients with sluggish schizophrenia in combination with alcoholism there were 6 cases of psychoses appearing against the background of chronic alcoholic intoxication. On the basis of the clinical picture the conclusion is made that the atypicity of clinical signs depends upon the double influence of alcohol on the endogenous process. The described psychoses, in the opinion of the author, are of transient nature changing the development of sluggish schizophrenia under the influence of alcoholism. PMID- 706914 TI - [Incidence and several features of chronic alcoholic patient detection]. AB - The paper deals with epidemiological data, concerning the indices and dynamics in the prevalence and incidence of chronic alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses in different contingents of an urban population. The population amounted to approximately 500 000 and was studied during a period of 5 years. The authors note a positive influence of legislative measures, directed against alcoholism and the influence of some social factors (the existence of a family, profession, etc.), on the fullness of the patients detection out of the population. The report contains data on the effectiveness of various approaches in screening patients from different population contingents. PMID- 706916 TI - [Sanatorium-rehabilitation department--new organizational form of department for rehabilitation therapy of mental patients]. AB - The author describes his personal experience in the joint treatment of patients with chronic forms of schizophrenia and patients who were registered in neuropsychiatric dispensaries (for endogenous psychoses in the past, organic brain lesions of a different etiology, etc) in one department and referred during the phase of an unstable remission for the so-called sanatorial treatment. The author comes to the conclusion that departments organized according to this new principle have a possibility of creating an effective system of rehabilitative therapy for mental patients and considers it feasible to organize in mental hospitals sanatorium-rehabilitative departments. PMID- 706915 TI - [Mental disorders in chronic alcoholic patients with severe cranio-cerebral injury]. AB - The influence of acute brain trauma on the one hand and chronic alcoholism on the other, traced in 119 patients, leads to an appearance of special forms of psychopathological syndromes, which may occur in certain periods in the development of the disease. The developing state named as "acute traumatical psychosis" may be assessed as an alcohol delirium. Eventually the alcoholic pathoplastics continues to exert an influence on the posttraumatic mental disorders. That is why the tactics of therapeutical-rehabilitative measures are determine by this condition and are directed towards their abolishment. PMID- 706918 TI - [Nosologic scope and boundaries of schizophrenia]. PMID- 706917 TI - [Psychiatric and psychological aspects of oncology]. PMID- 706919 TI - [Hypnosis and hypnosuggestive therapy]. PMID- 706920 TI - [Analysis of the quaternary structure of the 11S plant globulins by means of small-angle X-ray scattering]. AB - It is demonstrated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering that 11 S globulin of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) consists of six subunits. The point group symmetry of the quaternary structure is 23 (D3). It is postulated that this symmetry is typical for the group of 11 S seed proteins. PMID- 706921 TI - Transcriptional capacity of rat liver nuclei and of isolated chromatin at different ammonium sulphate concentrations. AB - The transcription of freshly prepared nuclei and lysates from rat liver is stimulated by exogenous RNA polymerase B from calf thymus to an insignificant extent only. This also holds for chromatin isolated from nuclei lysates by separation on a Sepharose 4 B column. After removal of histone H1 by pretreatment with 0.2 M ammonium sulphate no further stimulation by added RNA polymerase has been found. If, however, the incubation time was extended, or the nuclei had been kept frozen at -20 degrees C for some time before use, a significant increase in RNA synthesis by the added RNA polymerase was obtained. In the freshly prepared nuclei as well as in the undamaged chromatin the template capacity was highly restricted. This can be seen from the fact that after pretreatment of the chromatin with 0.4 M ammonium sulphate the RNA synthesis was stimulated about 13fold. PMID- 706922 TI - [Separation of bone marrow cells of normal and anemic rabbits using isopycnic dextran density gradient]. AB - Bone-marrow cells of normal and anemic (phenylhydrazine) rabbits were separated in the isopyknotic continuous 50-ml dextran density gradient. The separated cells were divided into 3 groups according the benzidine-peroxide-Giemsa staining after Brosook: nucleated, nonerythroid (A), nucleated, erythroid (B), and nonnucleated, erythroid (C). The highest proportion of erythroid, nucleated cells was found in fractions of medium density: in normal animals 20%, in anemic ones 45%. The group B/A ratio in the unseparated suspension is 0.7 in normal animals and 1.7 in anemic ones; and in the most favourable density fraction 0.3 and 1.9 respectively. Thus an unimportant accumulation of erythroid bone-marrow cells of rabbit is observed. In constrast, an accumulation of nucleated leukocytes of 80- 90% can be reached in the low-density fractions. PMID- 706924 TI - [Changes of the relation between height and rate of contraction on rat myocardium induced by calcium and physical training]. PMID- 706923 TI - Incorporation of [14C]-L-leucine in splenic and hepatic tissue of rats "chemically splenectomized" by ethyl palmitate. AB - In experiments with "chemically splenectomized" rats by an i.v. application of ethyl palmitate (EP) emulsion and using [14C]-L-leucine, the protein synthesis in spleen and liver was followed. Two hours following EP application protein synthesis in the spleen was significantly decreased; after 24 hrs and 4 days the incorporation increased moderately above normal values, and in the subsequent intervals protein synthesis was again lowered. In the liver a significant increase of protein synthesis 24 hrs and 4 days after EP injection was observed. Changes of proteins synthesis in the spleen are evidently related to damage of the tissue and its subsequent regeneration. Changes in the liver are manifestations rather of an increased metabolic load during EP degradation. PMID- 706925 TI - [Effect of phenobarbital and chlorpromazine on bile flow and bile acid excretion in male Wistar rats]. AB - Bile flow and excretion of monohydroxy-, dihydroxy- and trihydroxy-bile acids (MBA, DBA and TBA) were estimated after acute and subacute phenobarbital and chlorpromazine pretreatment in 60-day-old male Wistar rats. Bile was collected in bile-fistula rats in three 1-hour periods. MBA were not detected. Neither single nor repeated ip. administration of different amounts of saline before bile sampling nor oral water supply within the bile collection period influenced the bile flow and excretion of DBA and TBA. Phenobarbital administration (60 mg/kg b.w. ip.) 2 hrs before bile sampling did not influence bile flow and bile acid (BA) excretion. After 3 days pretreatment with phenobarbital (3 X 60 mg/kg b.w. ip.) the bile flow was somewhat increased, BA-excretion was unchanged and the relation TBA/DBA diminished. Chlorpromazine administration (40 mg/kg b.w. ip.) 1,5 hrs before bile sampling decreased bile flow and BA excretion within the first collection period, whereas bile flow and BA excretion increased in the thrid collection period. No signs of cholestasis were observed after chlorpromazine pretreatment once a day for 3 days. Bile flow and BA excretion were increased and the relation TBA/DBA was unchanged. PMID- 706926 TI - [Stimulator with wireless energy transmission]. PMID- 706927 TI - Influence of Mg2+-ions on the properties of rat heart mitochondria in dependence on the preparation. AB - 1. The preparation of rat heart mitochondria with Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer results in mitochondria showing stimualtion of respiration induced by Mg2+. This stimualtion is neither caused by adherent hexokinase nor by energy-dependent magnesium accumulation (Mg2+ content in the presence of 10 mM glutamate: 22 nmoles/mg protein; in the presence of glutamate plus antimycin A 21 nmoles/mg protein). 2. The effect of added magnesium is excluded by addition of carboxyatractyloside. This demonstrates the activity of an ATPase outside of the mitochondrial inner membrane. 3. A simple and rapid method for the preparation of Mg2+-insensitive rat heart mitochondria is presented. The minced heart is pressed through a normal syringe and then treated with trypsin. 4. A comparison of mitochondria of both preparations shows that there is no difference in magnesium content and no energy-dependent magnesium influx. PMID- 706928 TI - [Mechanism of Na+ dependent monosaccharide absorption: compartmentalization of the absorbed Na+ under in vitro conditions]. PMID- 706929 TI - [Importance of binding of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP to hemoglobin for erythrocyte glycolysis: activation by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate of hexokinase at intracellular conditions]. AB - In a theoretical study the influence of hemoglobin and Mg-ions as binding partners of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP was investigated. Free hemoglobin may be an efficient competitor of Mg2+ for the ligand ATP. At conditions which favour hemoglobin as binding partner (i.e. desoxygenation, low medium pH and incubation temperature, as in blood preservation) up to 95% of the whole cellular ATP (ca. 2mM in cell water) may be bound to hemoglobin (ca. 7 mM). This binding is largely prevented in the presence of physiological amounts of diphosphoglycerate (ca. 7 mM) which is in excess and has a higher binding affinity to hemoglobin. Therefore, diphosphoglycerate keeps ATP (MgATP) in cell water solution at conditions in which Hb would trop it in the presence of Mg2+ (ca. 3mM). It can be calculated that, by lack of free MgATP, the activity of hexokinase within the cell drops by a factor of greater than 10 when diphosphoglycerate is metabolized. This indirect activation by diphosphoglycerate of hexokinase is operative at free concentrations of DPG far below those which exert the well known excess inhibitory effect on hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. In a model study, the activation by diphosphoglycerate of the initial two-kinase stage was introduced into a simplified kinetic model of glycolysis. A pronounced hysteresis loop of the stationary concentrations of ATP and diphosphoglycerate was produced indicating the existence of several stationary states, one with high ATP and high diphosphoglycerate, the other one with low values. It is demonstrated that diphosphoglycerate, being a protector of glycolysis at physiological concentrations, triggers an autocatalytic breakdown of the energy state when permitted to drop to low values. PMID- 706930 TI - [Induction of mitochondrial volume changes by homologous O-acyl carnitines]. AB - The volume changes of isolated rat liver mitochondria induced by O-acylcarnitines are dependent on the optical isomery and the length of the apolar hydrogen chain in the acyl residue. Within the homologous series of the straight-chain O-acyl carnitines the swelling-inducing effect increases from decanoyl carnitine to the palmitoyl carnitine. The contraction is observed only under the effect of O acylL(--)carnitines, while isomers add up in their swelling-inducing effect. The surface activity of the O-acyl carnitines increases with increasing chain length, and the critical micellar concentration decreases logarithmically. The comparison of the tenside properties with the swelling- and contraction-inducing effects shows that the swelling is brought about by hydrophobic interactions with the membranes, while the contraction is the consequence of energy-dependent metabolic processes which are connected with the influx of acyl carnitines and the efflux of the ions from the mitochondria. PMID- 706931 TI - Mathematical model of regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in intact mitochondria. AB - 1. A mathematical model of the regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis by the extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio is presented taking into account the transport processes of phosphate and of adenine nucleotides by their specific translocators. 2. In agreement with known experimental data the model describes the control of respiration by the extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio as well as the distribution of adenine nucleotides and of inorganic phosphate between the extramitochondrial and the intramitochondrial compartment. 3. In the extramitochondrial compartment the phosphorylation potential is predicted by the model to be higher than in the matrix space. 4. Despite the differences in the phosphorylation potentials no particular translocation energy is necessary. This has been achieved by postulating a charge compensation between the movement of adenine nucleotides and the uptake of phosphate during ATP synthesis. 5. The proton stoichiometry of the proton pump must be higher than stated by the chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis in its present form, otherwise sufficient results could not be obtained. 6. With increasing activities of non phosphorylating energy requiring side reactions (as uncoupling) at first the difference of the respiration rates between the phosphorylating and the non phosphorylating state disappears, at higher activities the ADP phosphorylation stops, but the membrane potential collapses at very high activities only. PMID- 706933 TI - [Cytochrome composition of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus]. AB - The qualitative and quantitative composition of cytochromes in intact cells of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and in particle fractions obtained from cells following ultrasonic treatment by differential centrifugation were studied using spectrophotometric methods. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus contains cytochrome b, cytochrome o and low amounts of cytochrome d. Both the absolute content of cytochrome b and o and the relative composition do not essentially vary with the carbon source used (hexadecane, acetate, succinate, malate, yeast extract). Only bacterial cultivated on yeast extract show, under simultaneous decrease of the content of cytochrome o, an increased formation of cytochrome d. In Acinetobacter, cytochromes appear not to be immediately involved in n-alkane hydroxylation. PMID- 706932 TI - [Synthesis and properties of immobilized enzymes. X. Covalent binding of polygalacturonase to insoluble carriers]. AB - The pectinolytic enzymes are of practical interest for the clarification of fruit juice. In the present paper the covalent coupling of polygalacturonase (PG; E. C. 3.2.1.15) is reported. A commercially available enzyme (Rohament P; 5 U/mg) and purified Endo-PG (200 U/mg) are immobilized to the following carriers: BrCN activated Sepharose, carbodiimide-activated CH-Sepharose, dialdehyde Sepharose, dialdehyde Sephadex, dialdehyde cellulose, CMC-azide, carbodiimide-activated CMC, macroporous glass (isothiocyanate and carbodiimide coupling) and glass beads. The implications of pore diameter (Sephadex- and Sepharose derivatives), of purity of the PG, of protein content of the PG-carrier-complexes as well as the presence of substrate during the coupling reaction, are discused in relation to the relative and specific activity of the bound protein and to the efficiency of the coupling reaction. From the carriers under study derivatives of Sepharose yield the best result (relative activity max. 88%, specific activity max. 5400 U/mg). The immobilization to isothiocyanate glass yields good results, too (relative activity 20%, specific activity 500 U/g). The mechanical instability of the PG dialdehye Sephadex-complexes and the low relative activity of the bound enzyme are unsatisfactory. Due to their low affinity to PG, the derivatives of cellulose are also inappropriate for covalent coupling of this enzyme. All PG-carrier complexes are largely stable both during storage at 4 degrees C and repeated activity assays. PMID- 706934 TI - [Distribution of 5'-nucleotidase in fractions of rat yolk-sac after differential centrifugation and isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation]. AB - The 5'-nucleotidase considered as a marker enzyme of the plasma membranes shows a highly specific acitvity in both nuclear and mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions of the rat yolk-sac. In isopycnic sucrose gradient fractionation of the mitchondrial lysosomal fraction a relative accumulation of this enzyme could be shown in the density level of the phagolysosomes (d = 1,16--1,20). PMID- 706935 TI - Quantitative evaluation of the fetal fatty acid oxidation in the rat. AB - The fetal fatty acid oxidation has been measured by [14C]-palmitate in vitro oxidation experiments. The fetal fatty acid oxidation was determined to be 0.12 +/- 0.03 mumoles fatty acids/min/litter. The conclusion can be drawn that approximately equal amounts of fetal fatty acids are synthesized, oxidized and transferred from the mother to the fetus. PMID- 706936 TI - Studies on the fatty acid synthesis in maternal and fetal rats. AB - The fatty acid synthesis as measured by in vitro incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate and 3H2O into maternal and fetal tissues of the rat has been quantitatively determined. The results showed that because of the endogenous dilution the incorporation of [14C]-acetate does not provide a quantitative measure of fatty acid synthesis. The incorporation of tritium per g of tissue into the fatty acid fraction of maternal and fetal liver (day 21 of pregnancy) was found to be 260 and 130 nmoles per g per min, respectively. The incorporation was lesser in liver of female non-pregnant rats (31 nmoles per g per min) and placenta (4.0 nmoles per g per min). The calculated rates of synthesis of fatty acids were used to support the following views: At the end of gestation about 25% of all fatty acids synthesized within the fetus arise from fetal liver. From day 15 to 21 of pregnancy the fetal fatty acid synthesis supplies about half of the amount of fatty acids which are accumulated due to growth. PMID- 706937 TI - Quantitative evaluation of the fetal fatty acid synthesis in the rat. AB - The fetal fatty acid synthesis has been evaluated by 3H2O in vivo incorporation experiments. The results indicate that the fetus synthesizes 0,16 mumoles fatty acids/min/litter. From the results the conclusion can be drawn that the fetus gets fatty acids from the mother and from its own fetal fatty acid synthesis at equal amounts. PMID- 706939 TI - [Tracer kinetic studies on maternal-fetal amino acid transport in Wistar rats]. AB - The experiments were designed to determine the amount of free amino acids which passes through the placenta from the maternal pool in plasma to the fetus. On day 19 of gestation we determined the growth rate of the rat fetus to be about 39 microgram amino nitrogen/minute/litter. Uniformly labelled [14 C]-L-leucine was used in our experiments. The specific radioactivity was measured in the maternal plasma amino acids and in fetal amino acids and proteins from zero to sixty minutes after pulse labelling. By means of compartmental analysis we calculated the transfer rate of amino nitrogen from the mother to the fetus to be 89 microgram/min/litter. The rate of amino nitrogen acccumulation in fetal carcass proteins was 39 microgram amino nitrogen/min/litter. The importance of our results in fetal metabolism is discussed. PMID- 706938 TI - Studies on the paraplacental free fatty acid transport in rats. AB - Using the tracer method and a mathematical model the paraplacental transport of free fatty acids (FFA) (via uterine fluid--yolk sac--fetus) has been investigated in 21 days pregnant rats. The results show that only 0.3 nmoles FFA per min pass into the fetus via this paraplacental route. This accounts for less than 1% of FFA transported from the maternal plasma across the placenta into the fetus (0.14 mumoles FFA per min). From these results we would like to draw the conclusion that the paraplacental transport of FFA to the rat fetus is of minor importance from the quantitative point of view. PMID- 706940 TI - Studies on the hypertriglyceridemia in the pregnant rat. AB - The in vivo tracer method and in vitro incorporation experiments were used to obtain information on the mechanism responsible for the hypertriglyceridemia found in 21 days pregnant rats. The results indicate that the uptake of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) by liver triglycerides of pregnant rats (2.0 mumoles FFA/min/300 g) did not differ from that of non-pregnant rats (2,1 mumoles FFA/min/300 g). The rate of liver fatty acid synthesis in pregnant rats (0,4 mumoles fatty acids/min/liver) is higher than that of non-pregnant rats (0,05 mumoles fatty acids/min/liver). In non-pregnant female and pregnant rats the turnover rates of plasma chylomicron and VLDL triglycerides were almost identical (about 2.8 mumoles triglyceride fatty acids/min/300 g, and about 2.3 mumoles triglyceride fatty acids/min/300 g, respectively). These various observations, when taken together, strongly suggest that increased hepatic triglyceride production cannot be the mechanism responsible for the hypertriglyceridemia in pregnant rats. PMID- 706941 TI - [Visually evoked responses of lateral geniculate body neurons on electrical stimulation of brain sites yielding self stimulation in rats]. PMID- 706942 TI - [Comparison of evoked potential changes from lateral geniculate body and visual cortex by stimulation of the medial septal nucleus and mesencephalic reticular formation in rabbits]. AB - Evoked potentials to flash from visual cortex (VC) and corpus geniculatum laterale (Cgl) were observed in alert resting rabbits. The direction and volume of changes in the late negative complex (sn-) of the EP were investigated during repetition of light flashes only (habituation), during stimulation of septum and reticular stimulation (RFmes). Habituation showed an increase of amplitudes during the sn-complex, which was started first in Cgl, had its maximum earlier and lasted longer in the Cgl than in the visual cortex. Septal stimulation in the majority of experiments caused diminution of these EP-components almost synchronously in the VC and Cgl. Reticular stimulation gave rise to diminution of amplitudes during the sn-complex, which started first in the VC, where it had its maximum earlier and lasted longer than in the Cgl too. Our results show that all three influences under investigation caused typical but different changes of processes underlying EP of the visual cortex and lateral geniculate body. PMID- 706943 TI - [Coronary autoregulation of the isolated rabbit heart]. AB - The autoregulation behaviour of the coronary circulation was studied on an isolated Langendorff-heart of rabbit. Static pressure-flow curves were recorded for the normal and maximally dilated vascular system. For analyzing the dynamics of autoregulation of the flow to pressure jumps within the autoregulation range was measured. Modelling was performed by means of the linear system theory, assuming first-order transfer functions for the contraction and dilatation process co-acting in the regulation. The system parameters were determined in the time-range by adapting a bi-exponential function to the measured data. For the dilatation reaction following pressure fall a mean time constant of 5.4 s was measured, while a time constant of 146.8 s was found for the counterregulation (constriction). These events are discussed with regard to possible further studies on the pharmacology of coronary regulation. PMID- 706944 TI - [Contractile properties of the striated muscle fibres of esophageal muscle in comparison with skeletal muscle in rats]. AB - The contractile properties of the striated oesophageal muscle of the rat were studied in vitro at 35 degrees C and 25 degrees C. They were compared with those of the slow-twitch soleus muscle and the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of the same animals. The contraction time of the oesophageal muscle is 30 msec (+/- 2.5 msec S.E.) at 35 degrees C. It is little but significantly longer than those of the soleus muscle. It is remarkable that the twitch-tetanus ratio of the oesophageal muscle fibres is approximately twice that of the skeletal muscles. Immediately after a tetanic stimulation the amplitude of a single twitch of the fast EDL is increased (posttetanic potentiation); in the slow soleus muscle it is unchanged or decreased, however. Also the muscle fibres of the oesophagus exhibit a post-tetanic-potentiation, but this is smaller than in EDL. A decrease of the temperature of the bathing solution causes in preparations of the fast EDL a higher tension developed by a single twitch (cold potentiation). This is not detectable in preparations of the slow soleus muscle. The oesophageal muscle shows also a remarkable cold potentiation, but it is smaller than in EDL. An increase of the extracellular K+-concentration evokes a short-lasting contracture in the investigated rat muscles. The mechanical thresholds of the oesophageal muscle fibres are clearly higher than those of the soleus muscle but lower than those of the EDL. The striated oesophageal muscle fibres of the rat in spite of their low speed of contraction show some properties of muscle fibres of the fast twitch type. PMID- 706945 TI - Actions of O-ethyl-S-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-methylphosphonothioate and some pyridine aldoximes on isolated guinea-pigs heart atria. AB - 1. The effects of acetylcholine and methylfurmetide on isolated guinea-pigs heart atria in the presence or absence of O-ethyl-S-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (EDMM) were investigated. The influence of three cholinesterase reactivators on the heart atria pretreated with EDMM has been studied. 2. In the presence of EDMM, the negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine on the isolated heart atria was not significantly increased. This effect of methylfurmetide on heart atria was significantly decreased in the presence of EDMM. 3. EDMM alone caused negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects depending on its concentration. These pharmacological effects were accompanied with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the heart muscle. 4. Addition of cholinesterase reactivators normalized the inotropic response of the isolated guinea-pig heart atria altered by EDMM and also increased the acetylcholinesterase activity in the heart. PMID- 706946 TI - [The involvement of thalamic nuclei in the formation of conditional avoidance reflexes in rats. I. Lesions in the anterior part of the nucleus ventralis lateralis]. AB - Hooded rats (Long-Evans-strain) were not able to elaborate conditioned avoidance responses in a simple runway respectively in a jumping test after bilateral lesions of the anterior part of the nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami. When the number of the CS-US-combinations was increased from 10 to 25 per session, then during the last ten combinations the punishing electrical foot shocks were correctly avoided, but the animals showed no retention in their long-term memory. PMID- 706947 TI - [Interaction between structures of the extrapyramidal system with asymmetry of gait and movement]. PMID- 706948 TI - [Effects of benzodiazepines on evoked potentials in the gyrus dentatus hippocampi of rats by stimulation of the enthorhinal cortex]. PMID- 706949 TI - Equilibria between horseradish peroxidase and aromatic donors. AB - Equilibria between horseradish peroxidase and aromatic hydrogen donors have been analyzed spectrophotometrically and potentiometrically. The donors alter the peroxidase spectrum slightly but reproducibly with changes of two types. Donors of the two groups compete for the same binding site with no systematic difference in affinity for the enzyme. Donors with one aromatic ring are fairly loosely ligated, Kd3-25 mM, but enlargement, or extension of the pi-electron system, increases the affinity. A negative change in entropy and a large negative change in enthalpy upon binding indicates a specific donor-enzyme interaction, and the retention of the peroxidase by phenyl- but not by octyl-Sepharose points at the involvement of aromatic amino acid(s) in the ligation of an aromatic donor. Substitution of the hematin vinyl groups by ethyl or acetyl groups does not affect Kd of the peroxidase-donor complex. Reduction of the iron atom to Fe(II), or its removal, influences Kd only modestly. The fluorescence of the protoporphyrin-apoprotein HRP C2 associate is not quenched by donors from either group. These observations are in accord with NMR and other data from the literature and point at a ligation of the donor only to the protein moiety. Our results do not support the assumption of an Fe(III) H2O...donor hydrogen bond. The energy balance in the four-membered system free and donor-bound peroxidase Fe(III)/(II) has been analyzed. The model donors used in the present study modulate the redox properties only slightly. Plant peroxidases in situ may be donor-bound to a large extent. PMID- 706950 TI - A generalized theoretical treatment of the transient-state kinetics of enzymic reaction systems far from equilibrium. AB - The transient-state kinetics of enzyme systems far from equilibrium have been analyzed by a theoretical treatment of the generalized King-Altman mechanism for enzyme reactions. Conditions are defined under which the kinetics differential equations for this generalized mechanism can be analytically solved, and the structure of the analytical solution is characterized. The practical implications of the theoretical results are discussed with reference to the planning, evaluation, and interpretation of transient-state kinetic experiments performed by stopped-flow techniques. PMID- 706951 TI - Flow and myocardial microcirculation after experimental mammary-coronary bypass. AB - The functional capacity of mammary-coronary bypass was assessed in acute dog experiments by means of electromagnetic flow measurement and estimation of myocardial flow by hydrogen polarography. 1)In the intact myocardium the central flow of the mammary-coronary bypass and the tissue perfusion provided by its correspondence to the functional capacity of the intact anterior descending coronary; 2) despite an unchanged perfusion pressure the myocardium damaged by infarction is no longer able to take up the available quantity of blood, and both flow and tissue perfusion decrease; 3) the reactive hyperaemia induced by ischaemia considerably reduces the microcirculation of the damaged myocardial tissue. PMID- 706952 TI - Sutureless repair of ruptured urethra. AB - Two cases of complete traumatic rupture of the posterior urethra are described. The ends of the urethra were united without suture by pulling them together with a transurethral balloon catheter. The results were excellent; the patients healed without sticture and remained continent. These observations suggest the applicability of the method to similar injuries. PMID- 706953 TI - [Intrathoracic goiter]. PMID- 706954 TI - [Papillary tumors of the renal pelvis: 25-year-old clinical material]. AB - A total of 83 patients with papillary tumour in the renal pelvis have been observed in 25 years. The peak incidence was in the age group between 51 and 70 years. The first symptom was almost always haematuria without any other symptom. The therapy is surgical, complemented with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The problem of the involvement of the bladder is discussed. PMID- 706955 TI - [Late results of thoracic sympathectomy in various diseases]. AB - The late results of 171 thoracal sympathectomies performed on 142 patients in the 20-year period 1952 to 1971 are described. Favourable results were achieved in Raynaud's disease, obliterating endarteritis and other occlusive vascular diseases, and also in hyperhidrosis. PMID- 706956 TI - Penetrating thoracic trauma. PMID- 706957 TI - [Traumatic subcutaneous ruptures of the cervical trachea (author's transl)]. AB - Traumatic subcutaneous rupture of the cervical trachea is a rare but serious lesion that may cause death of the patient. Few cases come to treatment. This lesion results from a contusion to the anterior neck during hyperextension. It consists in a straight transection between larynx and trachea or between one of the 4 first tracheal rings, and is usually associated to multiple trauma involving the chest and head. Specific symptoms are often blurred by those of the associated lesions making diagnosis complex. This should ideally be confirmed by endoscopy or, if not feasable by cervicotomy. Emergency treatment is directed to restablishment of an adequate ventilation. Direct anastomosis by separate resorbable sutures yields excellent long-term results without stenosis. Creation of a transitory tracheotomy, when commanded by regional atresion, sometimes induces late stenosis; secondary repair is then less favorable. The rate of definitive recurrent nerve paralysis is high. There are also frequent distortions of the vocal cords with modifications of the voice and transitory palsy of the phrenic nerve. The authors draw these conclusions from one personal case and from the literature. PMID- 706958 TI - [Traumatic ruptures of the diaphragma. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1970 and 1976, 34 cases of traumatic ruptures of the diaphragma were observed and treated at the Surgical Clinic of the University of Wurzburg: 23 acute ruptures and 11 delayed diagnostic ruptures. The etiology and mechanism of the rupture are discussed. A predominency of left over right ruptures occured in 90% of cases. In only one case there was an open rupture of the right side. Among associated abdominal lesions, ruptures of the spleen are the most frequent. Among skeletal associated lesions, one observes most frequently, fractures of the ribs. In 4 acute cases, there were no herniated organs. In the 11 patients were diagnosis was delayed we always found herniated viscera. Symptoms and diagnostic means are discussed. Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm is an absolute surgical indication. In acute cases we attempt the repair through a laparotomy; delayed cases should be treated by thoracotomy. Among 23 cases operated in emergency, 3 died because of associated lesions. Operative mortality was zero in the 11 patients with delayed diagnosis. PMID- 706959 TI - [Blunt and open trauma of the heart and thoracic aorta in 26 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-six patients with blunt or open trauma to the heart and thoracic aorta were admitted and 23 were operated on. Among 19 blunt trauma there were 15 ruptures of the aorta among which 12 were operated and 3 were not, 2 lesions of the ventricular septum, 1 coronary thrombosis and 1 rupture of the right atrium. In 7 open wounds there were 3 ventricular lesions; 3 cases of pericarditis and 1 aortic lesion. Among operated patients 1 died of a rupture of the aortic isthmus and another of a rupture of the aortic arch and left carotid artery. The 3 patients that were not operated died of a rupture of the aortic isthmus. In these cases the diagnosis must be set early and the aortography must be followed by an operation. In cases of an open wound early thoracotomy is recommended. PMID- 706960 TI - [Circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia in the correction of the interventricular communication in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia has completely changed the therapeutic outlook of some congenital heart malformations in the newborn. The authors have tried this method particularly in neonate cases of the interventricular communication. This experience bears on ten newborn cases aged 3 to 11 months. Surgical indication was mandatory because of global heart failure, unresponsive to conservative treatment. Intracardiac correction is realized under optimal conditions of operative technique by means of the circulatory arrest. In six cases, the interventricular communication is large and isolated; in four cases there were multiple interventricular communications. The immediate postoperative is favourable in all cases. One was reoperated for a residual shunt. Evolution is satisfactory in nine cases. There was one late death. Hemodynamic controls prove the soundness of this method of treatment. Favourable results up to 2 1/2 years after the procedure encouraged the authors to extend the indications for deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest to other congenital anomalies of the newborn. PMID- 706961 TI - Our personal experience with intra-aortic balloon pumping. AB - Intra-aortic counterpulsation (IABP) was used in 64 patients because of: 1. Low output syndrome after open heart surgery. 2. Medical refractory cardiogenic shock. 3. Elective, preoperative in ischemic heart disease. 4. Extending myocardial infarction. 5. Evolving impending infarction. In the first group in 78% hemodynamic stabilization was achieved but the survival percentage was 46%. In cardiogenic shock the results were closely related to the duration of shock, but nevertheless survival rate was low (3 from 13 patients treated). IABP was also applied as elective, preoperative support in high risk patients with ischemic heart disease (unstable angine and poor left ventricular function). In this group the rate of perioperative myocardial infarction was lower than in overall material. PMID- 706962 TI - [Left heart by-pass in case of ventricular fibrillation (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied in 11 mongrel dogs the hemodynamic conditions created by a transarterial closed chest left by-pass (TaCLVB) in ventricular fibrillation. The attention was focussed on the function of the right atrium. This function is recorded with closed chest by means of a catheter in the external jugular vein. The experiments show a left heart by-pass can function only if there are good contractions in the right atrium. The right atrium insures pulmonary circulation during ventricular fibrillation. This well continue for 30 to 60 minutes by means of the TaCLVB then the right atrium will fail and fibrillate. The animals died of right heart failure. PMID- 706963 TI - [The use of a myocardial screw electrode for continuous stimulation of the heart with a pacemaker (author's transl)]. AB - In 50 patients with serious heart conduction disorders the authors describe the use of a new epicardial screw electrode (Medtronic models 6917 and 6917-A), inserted through a substernal route. The operative technique, the electrode and the authors' experience are described in detail. By comparison with others, the present technique offers many advantages. PMID- 706964 TI - [Closure of a bronchial fistula after pneumonectomy in a case of carcinoma in a patient in chronic dialysis (author's transl)]. AB - A 53 year old patient in chronic dialysis underwent a left pneumonectomy for bronchial carcinoma. This was followed by a bronchopleural fistula. Despite the very poor condition of the patient closure of the fistula was obtained by means of a flap of the large omentum. This is a simple procedure easily tolerated by the patient and that could also be used in less complicated cases. PMID- 706965 TI - [Results and complications of bronchoplastic operations for bronchial cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Among 1548 patients hospitalized from 1964 to 1975 for bronchial carcinoma, 779 underwent a brochopulmonary resection. Seventeen patients underwent bronchoplastic resections. The average hospital stay was 45 days which is explained by the frequency of postoperative complications (n = 8). The mortality during hospitalization was 11.5% and the 5 year survival rate was 18%. The survival curved was comparable to that of the patients who underwent a lobectomy or simple or enlarged radical pneumectomy. Actually, the average survival is 26 months and the comfort in these cases is impressive. We consider that the indication for these plastic resections should be extended to patients who are capable of tolerating a pneumectomy. PMID- 706966 TI - Bronchoplastic lobectomies for advanced carcinoma: functional changes and survival. AB - Twenty-five patients underwent "sleeve" or "wedge" lobectomies for bronchogenic carcinoma: 24 squamous cell type and one adenocarcinoma. In 6, the tumor extended to a segmental bronchus (T1) in 15 to a lobar bronchus (T2) and in 4 to a main brochus (T3): 19 were in the right lung, 6 in the left. Eight patients had no lymph node involvement (N0), 10 tumors had spread to hilar nodes (N1), and 7 to mediastinal nodes (N2). There were 11 "sleeve" and 14 "wedge" bronchoplasties. Two patients developed a bronchopleural fistula: one of them died 2 weeks after pneumonectomy, the only death related to the procedure. A third patient had a local recurrence. Plethysmography, bronchospirography and Xe133 gammagraphy were performed in six patients. Lung volumes usually decreased but dynamics were unchanged or even improved after "sleeve" resection. After "wedge" resection all parameters were impaired. Twelve patients have died of cancer after a mean survival time of 16 months. Four of the 10 eligible patients have survived 5 years and more; seven patients are alive less than 5 years. PMID- 706967 TI - [Conservative surgery of the pulmonary parenchyma and bronchial cancer (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of 236 patients operated upon for bronchogenic carcinoma, a limited pulmonary resection with bronchial resection and anastomosis has been performed in 22 cases. There has been no postoperative mortality; the complications have been remarkably rare: anastomotic stenosis (1 case), temporary bronchial leak (2 cases), local recurrence (2 cases) by patients with hilar or mediastinal involvement, chylothorax (1 case). The pulmonary function also has not been much reduced by the operation, leaving the patients a good quality of life. Survival after bronchoplastic procedures as compared with pneumonectomy or lobectomy shows a mean survival of 30% to 12.5% and 21% respectively for the latter procedures. PMID- 706968 TI - [Concerning 50 low colorectal anastomosis by mechanical suture (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 50 cases of low colorectal anastomosis performed with a Russian circular suture apparatus : the KC-28. They reserved this technique for all tumors situated more than 4 cm above the anorectal function and for which the exeresis required a dissection below the peritoneal reflection. Their study seems to confirm the impression that this technique maintains a sphincteral function while decreasing the operatory difficulties encountered during the production of similar anastomosis and far from compromises the cancerology value of the resection. The postoperative complications seem no more frequent than for the classical techniques. The only minor inconvenience being a anastomotic stricture in 24% of the cases. PMID- 706969 TI - [Duplication of the colon in the adult (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe 2 cases of duplication of the colon. One was discovered by accident and not treated. The other occurred in a patient with a long story of abdominal pain and had been operated twice with signs of intestinal obstruction. A partial resection of the duplication with the adjoining bowel segment was performed and the digestive tract was reconstructed bij and end-to-end anastomosis. The different forms of duplication are described with their specific features and the current theories about their mode of formation. Finally a brief description of the symptoms and of the available surgical techniques is given. PMID- 706970 TI - [A propos a case of intestinal duplication in an adult (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the case of a 26 year-old patient presenting with rectal hemorrhage. Roentgenograms showed the origin of this was an intestinal duplication. This congenital malformation is very rare in adults as it usually appears during childhood. Then comes an appraisal of the clinical signs, the histology, the embryology and the differential diagnosis between the isolated diverticulum of the digestive tract and the duplication. PMID- 706972 TI - Transthoracic vagotomy for recurrent peptic ulcer after gastrectomy. An appraisal of fifteen years experience. AB - The case records of 38 patients operated for recurrent ulcer following partial gastrectomy were examined. They all underwent a transthoracic vagotomy. Two patients died during follow-up, one because of a gastro-intestinal bleeding 14 days after operation and one following a psychiatric disorder (vital depression) three months after his second intervention. According to Visick's grading overall results are very good in 89%, moderate in 5.5% and disappointing in 5.5%. These figures indicate that transthoracic vagotomy is the treatment of choice for recurrent ulceration after partial gastrectomy. PMID- 706971 TI - [Hernial contusion : a little known lesion (author's transl)]. AB - A personal case and a review of the literature are presented. The clinical picture consists essentially in a persistant pain in the hernia, following a benign trauma to the abdomen, that simulates a false strangulation and a peritonitis. The best diagnostic procedure is a median laparotomy with or without a herniotomy both allowing treatment of the lesions, of which the most common is a rupture of the small bowel on the side opposite to the mesenteron. This complication of a hernia, usually inguinal, often goes unrecognized because it is rare and has therefore a poor prognosis. PMID- 706973 TI - [Accidental papillary disinsertions during gastroduodenectomies. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report of two accidental papillary disinsertions. The first had a good result up to 23 years after a duodenal reimplantation. The second, referred from elsewhere was reimplanted in a pediculated intestinal segment interposed between the papilla and the afferent loop of the gastrectomy : the result ten years after is favorable. The authors stress the difficulty of recognizing an unexpected disinsertion and insist on the necessity of an early reoperation. Despite the optimism of some statistics there are serious operative complications. The best prevention in the surgical treatment of low situated duodenal ulcers remains a vagotomy associated to a gastric suction. PMID- 706974 TI - [Anti-infections prophylaxis of infantile burns (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of 300 consecutive hospitalized children with burns. To prevent infection, patients are given a bath with chlorhexidine (0.03%) every day and their burns covered by silver sulfadiazine (1%) and occlusive dressings. In 5.3% of the children positive swabs were obtained during hospitalization and in only 2.3% on several occasions. No case of septicemia could be documented. PMID- 706975 TI - [Use of absorbable suture material for the correction of prominent ears (author's transl)]. AB - The ester of the polyglycolic acid is very useful to maintain a correction of prominent ears. The good tolerance and longstanding traction force allow a satisfactory healing of the cartilage. Catgut for skin closure behind the ear has the psychological advantage of not having to be removed. This paper deals with the respective advantages of available suture materials. PMID- 706976 TI - [Intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands with methylene blue (author's transl)]. AB - Identification of parathyroid glands during surgery for treatment of hyperparathyroidism remains difficult. The staining with methylene blue was first described by Dudley. Twenty-one patients were explored. Thirty to sixty minutes before surgical incision, an intravenous perfusion of methylene blue was started. The dose varied between 5 to 10 mg per kg. Thirty-seven enlarged glands were found of which 33 were obviously stained; 13 showed some color that could not be attributed with certainty to the dye; 1 adenome was not stained at all. In 89.2% of the cases the staining had the favorable effect of shortening the operation. Only 4 normal glands showed the blue stain. The affinity for methylene blue is thus mainly found in pathological parathyroid glands. PMID- 706977 TI - [Radiological changes in bones, joints and muscles accompanying the myopathias (author's transl)]. PMID- 706978 TI - [Os supratrochleare humeri (author's transl)]. PMID- 706979 TI - [Results of rehabilitation in humeral epicondylitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 706980 TI - [Acetabular reconstruction as a supplementary safeguard in other operations for congenital dislocation of the hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 706981 TI - [High corrective osteotomy of the tibia in the treatment of gonarthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 706982 TI - [Comments on the etiology and surgical treatment of foot deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 706983 TI - [Spinal statics with the weight on the right, the left and both legs equally examined by x-ray (author's transl)]. PMID- 706984 TI - [Indications for surgery in childhood fractures of the elbow region (author's transl)]. PMID- 706985 TI - [Immobilization of cervical spine by foamrubber collar (author's transl)]. PMID- 706986 TI - [Football injury of popliteal artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 706987 TI - [Successes of Soviet traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 706988 TI - [Report on a sojourn at the orthopedic clinic in Lund, Sweden]. PMID- 706989 TI - The extent of tissue damage in missile wounds one and six hours after the infliction of trauma studied by the current method of debridement. AB - Spherical missiles with velocities around 1000 m/s were used to inflict simultaneously missile trauma to both thighs of pigs. The determination of the impact and exit velocity enabled the extent of energy transferred to the tissues to be calculated. One thigh of each pig was treated surgically within one hour and the other one after a delay of 6 hours after trauma. The surgical procedure consisted of debriding muscle tissue which showed impaired contractility, consistency, discoloration or lack of capillary bleeding--current criteria of non viability. The amount of debrided muscle tissue at the first operation showed a linear regression versus the extent of energy transfer, whereas after 6 hours no relation could be found between the amount of debrided tissue and energy transfer. There was no significant difference between the amount of debrided tissue per joule of transferred energy when the results of the two operations on each pig were compared. PMID- 706990 TI - Cancer of the oesophagus. I. 1002 cases. Survey and survival. AB - A total of 1002 patients with cancer of the oesophagus seen at the Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Radium Centre and/or Department of Surgery, during the 25 year period ending 31.12.1969, were analysed with a view to sex, age, localization of tumour, histology, and survival. The 5-year survival for all seen patients, corresponding to 25% of the cases recorded in the whole of Denmark, was 2.3%, the half-life 5.2 months, and the mean survival 7.5 months. After five years 18 of the 23 5-year survivors succumbed to recurrences. The prognosis is largely independent of sex, age, localization and histological type of tumour. In the present report no regard is paid to treatment, treatment variables being described in part II. PMID- 706991 TI - Selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) as an emergency and definitive operation for massive ulcerous bleeding. PMID- 706992 TI - Pyloruspreserving gastric resection for gastric ulcer. A 5--7 year follow-up. PMID- 706993 TI - Mesenteric plication in the treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction. AB - A material comprising 29 patients operated on by the method introduced by T. B. Noble is presented. The indication was acute obstruction in 17 cases, peritonitis in 6 and chronic obstruction in 6. The period of observation ranged from 1 to 11 years. The postoperative mortality was 3/29 and after follow-up of the remaining patients, the results were judged as satisfactory (good or fair) in 23 patients and poor in 3. PMID- 706994 TI - Recurrent small bowel obstruction caused by a benign tumor. A report of two cases. AB - Two cases of primary small bowel tumors causing an acute intussusception are presented. In one case two polyps were found and in the other case a lipoma in the wall of the jejunum. In both cases there were symptoms of recurrent bowel obstruction for several months before the acute condition. Although intussusception caused by a benign tumor of the small bowel is a rare condition it should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain of doubtful origin. PMID- 706995 TI - Left paraduodenal hernia with chronic abdominal symptoms. AB - A case of left paraduodenal hernia giving chronic abdominal symptoms is presented. For 3 years the patient had had unexplained abdominal pains, the reason for which was not found until a laparotomy was performed. A retrospective review of the x-ray films showed that an internal hernia should have been suspected from the small bowel follow-through and barium enema. The possible existence of an internal hernia in cases of unexplained abdominal pains is emphasized. PMID- 706996 TI - Right para-duodenal mesocolic hernia. A case report. PMID- 706997 TI - Effects of chronic TSH treatment on blood sugar, serum IRI and FFA levels of thyroidectomized dogs. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests. AB - The effects of TSH treatment (0.1 USPU/kg body weight/die, for 3-4 days) on the blood sugar, serum IRI and circulating FFA responses to glucose and insulin were studied. Blood sugar and serum FFA levels of the dogs, in basal conditions and at any time interval during the test were slightly modified by TSH treatment. The kinetics of insulin disappearance from blood was not affected while the mean serum IRI during the insulin tolerance test was moderately reduced, which suggests that insulin space is moderately raised by TSH. The serum IRI response to glucose (OGTT, IVGTT) was found to be significantly and intensely reduced. The possibility of an inhibitory action of TSH on the insulin response to glucose in dogs, excluding the participation of the thyroid, exerted via insulin space and secretion is discussed. PMID- 706998 TI - Attempts to prepare 'insulin-free plasma' from human subjects: effects of serial dilution and insulin recovery studies on immunoreactive insulin activity of partially insulin-free plasma. AB - The reason for attempts to prepare insulin-free plasma from human plasma is discussed. Binding agent, employed to prepare insulin-free plasma, had a capacity to bind 40% of insulin in the system. Insulin recovery from the filtrate of human standard insulin-binding agent reaction was 60%. Human plasma incubated with binding agent gave a filtrate--partially insulin-free plasma (PIFP)--which contained significantly higher amounts of insulin compared to calculated values. Insulin in PIFP was not augmented by serial dilution. Human standard insulin added to PIFP was recovered in full and the mixture was not dilution augmentable. Incubation of human plasma--human standard insulin (106 microunits/ml) mixture with binding agent gave a PIFP which had 60% of total insulin in the mixture. Dialysis did not alter the immunoreactive insulin activity of plasma. Dialysed samples showed augmentation of insulin activity on serial dilution. These observations strongly suggest the presence of a high molecular-weight, insulin like inhibitory component in human plasma. PMID- 706999 TI - Studies on the morphologic and metabolic changes of human fat cells maintained in culture. AB - Specimens of human adipose tissue were maintained in vitro for one week and cell size as well as metabolic rates determined before and after the culture period. Large fat cells from obese donors decreased towards 'normal' cell size while this was not the case for cells from non-obese donors. This decrease was probably due to the increased lipolysis found while glucose incorporation was unchanged. Analogous to the findings with obese subjects placed on a weight-reducing regimen, the present data show that when large fat cells are removed from their anabolic, hyperinsulinic environment, 'normalization' in cell size occurs. PMID- 707000 TI - Increased intestinal absorption of insulin in a micellar solution: water-in-oil in-water insulin micelles. AB - Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) insulin micelles were prepared, and the possibility of insulin absorption in a micellar form was examined. In this preparation, insulin was trapped in oil droplets of oleic acid in glyceryl-alpha-monooleate. (1) W/O/W insulin micelles were absorbed from the ligated jejunal loop of rabbits to the order of 12.3 to 58.5% of the dose given (10 mU/kg body weight) during the 3-h experimental period. (2) Alloxan diabetic rats were treated with intrajejunal administration of W/O/W insulin micelles at a dosage of either 25 or 50 mU/100 g body weight, three times daily for as long as 14 days. During treatment, a significant reduction in the daily excretion of urinary glucose was observed, concomitant with a decrease in fasting blood glucose. Quantitative estimates suggested that the effectiveness of 25 mU/100 g of intrajejunal W/O/W insulin micelles was comparable to that of regular insulin at a dosage of 1 mU/100 g i.m. These results would indicate that W/O/W insulin micelles, when given enterally, are more effective in lowering blood and urinary glucose levels than W/O/W insulin emulsions in which insulin was trapped in oil droplets of triglyceride. PMID- 707001 TI - Clonidine effect on insulin secretion and lipolysis in man. AB - Clonidine is a hypotensive drug acting as an alpha-mimetic agent in the central nervous system and causing cardiovascular depression. Clonidine administration in animals and man causes slight hyperglycemia and lipid mobilization, as well as an increase in growth hormone levels. We have studied the effect of a 3-day oral treatment (78 microgram three times daily) upon glucose (5 g i.v.)- and tolbutamide (1 g i.v.)-induced insulin release in subjects without metabolic alterations. Acute insulin response (3 min after IVGTT) and insulin release (area between 0 and 10 min) were significantly reduced after clonidine treatment. Blood glucose levels were not affected by clonidine treatment; the insulinogenic index 3 min after the glucose load was significantly reduced by clonidine administration. There was neither an evident effect on tolbutamide-induced insulin release nor a modification of the hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide. Clonidine did not affect basal lipolysis, evaluated in vitro as glycerol release from human subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments, while norepinephrine-induced lipolysis was slightly reduced. The results presented are compatible with an alpha-mimetic effect of clonidine on pancreatic and adipose tissue. PMID- 707002 TI - Painful myocardial infarction in severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Two cases are reported of painful myocardial infarction in diabetics with severe autonomic neuropathy confirmed by abnormal autonomic function tests. Painless myocardial infarction in diabetics has traditionally been attributed to damage of cardiac pain fibres by autonomic neuropathy but other factors such as microangiopathy in the myocardium may be responsible. It may simply be that diabetics come into hospital more often for other reasons and a silent myocardial infarction diagnosed incidentally. PMID- 707003 TI - Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. AB - A case of diabetic neuropathic cachexia is presented. This unusual syndrome within the broad group of diabetic neuropathies is characterized by extreme loss of body mass and severe neuropathic pain. The loss of body weight is unassociated with glycosuria or ketoacidosis. Initially, the patient may present a confusing picture suggestive of carcinomatous neuropathy. PMID- 707004 TI - Increased sensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine due to intraventricular administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. AB - The possibility that intraventricular administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) can cause a development of denervation hypersensitivity to central 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was examined in rats with special reference to the pituitary-adrenocortical functions. Pretreatment with intraventricular injection of 5,6-DHT itself did not affect the basal concentrations or stress-induced increases of plasma B. The same pre-treatment, however, elicited augmented responses to subcutaneous injection of 5-HTP, i.e. there was a significant rise in the concentrations of plasma B as compared with those in the controls. These results suggest a development of denervation hypersensitivity to 5-HT following intraventricular injection of 5,6-DHT. PMID- 707005 TI - Primary empty sella syndrome with panhypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and visual field defects. AB - A 58 year old woman with a history of hypothyroidism was evaluated for marked visual impairment and found to have the primary empty sella syndrome with multiple endocrine abnormalities. Visual field determination revealed preservation of vision only in the left inferior quadrants bilaterally. Failure of growth hormone (hGH), cortisol and prolactin to respond to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (0.1 U/kg), of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to respond to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH, 100 microgram) and of thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin to increase after thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH, 500 microgram), confirmed the diagnosis of panhypopituitarism. Following water deprivation with a 9% loss in body weight, her urine osmolality remained at 204 mOsm./kg H2O), indicating that she had posterior pituitary deficiency as well. During surgical exploration, which was performed in an effort to improve her markedly impaired vision, a compromised vascular supply to the left optic nerve and chronic arachnoiditis was demonstrated. This case represents one extreme of functional impairment in a syndrome which is generally considered benign and which rarely requires therapeutic intervention. Our patient is compared to 29 reported cases of the primary empty sella syndrome with visual field defects. The operative findings in eight of these cases are reviewed. The need for a multidisciplinary approach and close follow-up of patients with an empty sella and functional deficits is emphasized. Surgical intervention including lysis of adhesions and chiasmapexy has been effective in selected cases in reversing or stabilizing visual field abnormalities. PMID- 707006 TI - Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in acromegaly. AB - The urinary hydroxyproline excretion of 8 acromegalics kept on a collagen free diet has been studied. Urinary hydroxyproline showed a circadian rhythm with maximum excretion rates at night and early morning and minimum excretion rates in the late afternoon and evening. When mean values are compared, there is a significant correlation between fasting GH-levels and 24 h urinary hydroxyproline excretion (Rs = 0.74 and between GH and fasting hydroxyproline:creatinine ratios (Rs = 0.76). No significant correlation could be demonstrated between collagen content of bone biopsies and GH-levels or urinary hydroxyproline excretion. It is suggested that a practical assessment of disease activity in acromegaly can be achieved through a simplified hydroxyproline assay. PMID- 707007 TI - Studies on a human chorionic gonadotrophin-like material present in non-pregnant subjects. AB - The presence of an hCG-like material in urinary and pituitary extracts and plasma obtained from non-pregnant subjects was investigated. Two assay methods were used to detect this material following fractionation of pituitary and urinary extracts by gel filtration (Ultrogel AcA 54) and/or isoelectrofocusing: a) a radioimmunoassay employing an antiserum raised against a specific sequence of the carboxy terminal region (residues 115--145) of the beta-subunit of hCG, and b) an in vitro bioassay method which measures both hLH and hCG activities. The fractionation procedures employed provide a satisfactory separation of highly purified hCG and hLH preparations. In the pituitary and urinary extracts hCG beta peptide-like immunoactive (PIA) material was found consistently, which co-eluted with iodinated hCG following gel filtration and possessed pI values similar to those of hCG when subjected to isoelectrofocusing. The PIA material also exhibited in vitro biological activity similar to that shown by hLH and hCG. Detectable levels of immunoactive material were also found in plasma; however, the plasma levels of this PIA material were not influenced by classical endocrine measures such as the stimulation or inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion. The low levels of this material in plasma precluded its further characterization by gel filtration or electrofocusing. Whereas the present data and those reported by other investigators seem to suggest the presence of some hCG-like material in urinary and pituitary extracts and possibly in plasma of non-pregnant subjects, it is emphasized that the available evidence is not sufficiently conclusive to exclude other interpretations as to the nature of this material. PMID- 707008 TI - Ultrastructural morphometry of sparsely granulated prolactin cell adenomas of the human pituitary. AB - Fifteen sparsely granulated prolactin-producing adenomas and 10 nontumourous adenohypophyses, removed by surgical hypophysectomy, have been studied using morphometry at the electron microscopic level. Compared to non-tumourous prolactin cells, sparsely granulated adenomatous prolactin cells showed a significant decrease in diameter and volume density of secretory granules and an increased volume density of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The volume density of mitochondria remained unchanged. These results indicate that the cells of the adenoma are in a highly active functional state. It appears that the equilibrium between hormone synthesis, storage and release is altered in adenomatous prolactin cells. PMID- 707009 TI - On the relative biological and immunoreactive potencies of luteinizing hormone in the oestradiol benzoate-treated male rat. AB - Mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 50 microgram oestradiol benzoate (OeB) per day for 7 days and killed 24 h after the last injection. Serum and pituitary luteinzing hormone (LH) levels were measured by RIA using NIAMDD rat hormone for iodination code I4 (rLH-I4) combined with either NIAMDD-anti-rat LH serum 3 (AS3) or serum 1 (AS1). Pituitary LH levels were also measured by an in vitro bioassay procedure in which testosterone production by dispersed rat testicular interstitial cells is related to the concentration of LH. Pituitary LH levels were reduced in OeB-treated rats regardless of which of the three assay systems was used. However, absolute values obtained in all three assays systems were statistically correlated. OeB-treatment did not significantly alter the relative bioassayable and immunoassayable potencies of LH present in pituitaries at autopsy. OeB-treated rats had non-detectable serum LH levels as measured by RIA using either AS1 or AS3 in combination with [125I]rLH-I4. These results confirm that chronic OeB-treatment decreases pituitary LH and suggest a decrease in serum LH as well. Comparison of the present with previous results revealed particular combinations of RIA reagents yield divergent estimates for serum LH in OeB-treated male rats. This situation emphasizes the need to carefully specify all RIA reagents used in any study since the results may very with different lots of RIA regents. PMID- 707010 TI - Adrenal involvement in the timing of puberty in female rats: interaction with serum prolactin levels. PMID- 707012 TI - Characterization of the human chorionic gonadotrophin fractions in pregnancy urine. AB - The human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) preparation (ca. 3000 IU/mg) from pooled pregnancy urine has been fractionated using anion-exchange and gel exclusion chromatography. The various fractions, many of which were heterogeneous, were assayed using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and a testicular radio-receptor assay (RRA). Three fractions were obtained with potencies between 9000 and 20 000 IU/mg); five fractions were characterized by potencies between 1000 and 6000 IU/mg; and four fractions exhibited low potencies (less than 500 IU/mg). A linear relationship between RRA and RIA potency (P) was found to exist for the various fractions: In(PRRA) = 1.14 In(PRIA) - 1.67. The major fractions, which exhibited various potencies, were further characterized by amino acid and carbohydrate analysis. Urine was collected from an individual at various times of gestation, and the hCG fraction was concentrated by benzoic acid and ethanol precipitation. Ion-exchange chromatography of the hCG fraction yielded multiple immunoreactive components throughout pregnancy; thus the observed heterogeneity in the commercial preparation does not appear to result from processing pooled urine from numerous donors. Also, heterogeneity was observed in an individual donor whose urine was not treated with the benzoic acid and alcohol fractionation scheme. It seems indisputable that individual urinary hCG is heterogenous, and this does not appear to reflect isolation artefacts. PMID- 707011 TI - Cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor replenishment: oestrogens versus anti-oestrogens. AB - The effect of the in vivo administration of various triphenylethylene antioestrogens and physiological (0.05 microgram) versus pharmacological (0.5--5 microgram) doses of oestradiol-17 beta (Oe2) on the uterotrophic process in general and the nuclear accumulation and cytoplasmic depletion and replenishment of uterine oestrogen receptor was determined. Regardless of the dose of Oe2 the changes in uterine wet weight, total protein and incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and [14C]leucine into protein were the same at 24 h. The anti-oestrogen receptor was also studied. The net increase, above control, of cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor at 24 h and 48 h after Oe2 injection was approximately 0.35 and 0.77 pmoles/uterus, respectively. The effect of anti-oestrogens (U-11,100A, CI628, en- and zuclomiphene) on the increase in cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor at 24 h and 48 h measured from maximally depleted levels was nearly identical to the Oe2 induced net increase. This suggests that in both cases these particular increases represent newly synthesized receptor and that Oe2 causes some receptor replenishment through a recycling process. PMID- 707013 TI - Pre-cancerous lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 707014 TI - [Colic polyps and cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 707015 TI - [Distribution of the proliferative compartment in the colorectal mucosa in normal subjects, in preneoplastic cases and in cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 707016 TI - Faecal bile acid concentrations in patients at increased risk of large bowel cancer. PMID- 707017 TI - [Proliferation kinetics of the rectal mucosa in ulcerative colitis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 707018 TI - Immunological and gastrointestinal manifestations of immunodeficiency. PMID- 707019 TI - [The significance of the stroma-reaction in the immunology and the prognosis of cancers of the digestive tract. General review and personal study (author's transl)]. PMID- 707020 TI - [Allergic diseases of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 707021 TI - Count and identification of the inflammatory cells in drug induced gastric lesions. PMID- 707022 TI - [The clinical significance of circulating immune complexes in Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 707023 TI - Levamisole therapy in chronic active liver diseases. PMID- 707024 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. AB - Malignant hyperthermia is now recognized as a distinct entity in anesthetic practice and can be considered as a pharmacogenetic disease of obscure etiology occuring in man and pigs with a dominant inheritance. A close association with myopathy has been noted. Commonly used muscle relaxants or anesthetic drugs can act as triggering agents in genetically susceptible patients, who develop a real hypermetabolic state, characterized by a rapid rise in body temperature, muscular rigidity, tachycardia and tachypnoea, cyanosis and severe respiratory and metabolic acidosis, the lethality being about 60%. Other clinical, biochemical and histopathological features of this condition are described. The prevention and early diagnosis of this syndrome is very important. Therefore, it is necessary in the preanesthetic evaluation, to obtain information from the patient, with regard to previous anesthetic experiences, and to have a more exact anamnesis in patients with muscular diseases or with other members of the family under suspicion. Some screening methods are described. The prognosis of malignant hyperthermia depends on an early diagnosis. Although the incidence is, fortunately, small, this condition is sufficiently significant and acute in nature to require that anesthesiologist be aware of its clinical pathophysiology and prepared to recognize and treat it promptly. Therefore body temperature should be controlled continuously in all anesthetized patients, particularly in the younger age group and especially in those in which symptoms of muscle rigor have been observed particularly after application of succinylcholine and halothane. A regime of treatment is suggested, based on current concepts of the pathogenesis. It consists in establishing effective and rapid cooling, reversal of tissue hypoxia and correction of respiratory and metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia. Specific therapy with dantrolene sodium may prove to be an answer to this serious problem. PMID- 707025 TI - Anesthetic death. AB - Death due to anesthesia is a tragic paradox. The numbers about the frequency of anesthesia-related-death published in many reports have a relative value, as it is impossible to compare them one to another. A synoptic table of 20 important studies made on this subject, shows a great variation in figures concerning the incidence of death related to anesthesia. The most common causes of "anesthetic death" are mentioned and some suggestions are made to decrease the frequency of death due to anesthesia. PMID- 707026 TI - The place of the anesthetist in the medical hospital team. AB - The historical development of surgery and anesthesiology, has made the anesthetist an expert in the following fields: 1. Providing analgesia. 2. Homeostasis of the internal environment or respiratory, circulatory and metabolic resuscitation. 3. Continuous titrated therapy. 4. Applied pharmacology. The question put forward to the anesthetist has been, whether he should limit the application of his skills to the operating theatre, or whether he should take his skills to the whole hospital, by working in the intensive therapy unit and participating actively in the preparation of the patient for surgery, in the care of life threatening emergencies in the hospital and outside of the hospital, in treating pain problems in hospitalized and ambulatory patients. From our experience, we think that the anesthetist cannot and may not limit his activities to the operating theatre. In order however to maintain availability and competence, intensive therapy, emergency care and pain therapy, should be organized on an interdisciplinary basis. A special team, as old as anesthesia itself, is the team surgeon-anesthetist. The rules of conduct within this team are discussed. It is concluded that safety during anesthesia has increased, through the activities of the anesthetist outside of the operating theatre. One anesthetist should however remain available at any moment during anesthesia, for every one patient. PMID- 707027 TI - The influence of staff and personnel on the safety of the patient during anesthesia. AB - The safety of the patient under anesthesia is directly correlated to the quality of the service delivered by the anesthetic department. A good organised work, supposes a staff, which accords to numerical and qualitative requirements. The number of personal required is a function of working conditions. The quality required for the persons who administer anesthesia, depends upon the intrinsic danger of the procedure. As the nature of anesthesia is still linked with the acute control of vital functions of the patient, the qualifications of the person who administer the narcosis should be of the highest level. PMID- 707028 TI - The importance of monitoring in anesthesia. AB - A plea is made for continuous electronic monitoring of every patient undergoing an anesthetic. Such monitoring is far superior to clinical observation by means of the natural sensors. A continuous record of the vital phenomena is indispensable. Routine monitoring of the following is advised: ECG, heart rate, capnogram, plethysmogram, temperature, oxygen percentage and indirect blood pressure. Big operations demand central venous pressure and direct blood pressure monitoring, in addition. In the Institute of Anesthesiology in Utrecht all electronic monitors are built into a single unit which is used during every anesthetic. Capnography it dealt with in some detail and its value as a universal monitor demonstrated. The routine use of electronic monitors improves the quality of anesthesia and increases the safety of the patient. PMID- 707029 TI - Safe anesthesia: some general considerations. AB - Most of the articles on safety in anesthesia take the mortality as the criterion. This is fallacious. The anesthetist's area of responsibility must be clearly defined before his contribution to any given mortality can be assessed. The development of the field of anesthesiology has extended this area enormously. As a result, the techniques employed and the results obtained need to be reviewed and reconsidered. Outdated attitudes must be resolutely abandoned, particularly with regard to monitoring. The use of a coding system for anesthetic complications helps towards an objective assessment of the degree of safety achieved. The results obtained by this means in the Institute of Anesthesiology in Utrecht are reported. PMID- 707030 TI - The risks of tracheal intubation. AB - Various lesions have been described as post-intubation complications: injuries, of usually minor degree, of the pharynx and larynx, oedema of the larynx, ulcerations of the pharynx and larynx with pseudomembranes and bleeding, chondromalacy of the larynx, granulomata, oesophago-tracheal fistula, stenosis of the larynx or trachea, paralysis and synechia of the vocal cords, paralysis of the tongue. Etiologic factors of these complications are mainly chemical, in relation with the material of the tube and with the sterilization agents, or mechanical due to pressure on neighbouring tissues. Post-intubation sore throat seems independent from traumatic laryngoscopy. Although intubation is meant to provide safer ventilation, interference with respiration may occur by compression of the tube or accidental obstruction from various causes. It should not be forgotten that in anesthesia cases, for which intubation is not really required, it may be advantageous to administer the anesthetic by mask. PMID- 707031 TI - Are anesthetic accidents unavoidable? AB - Fatal anesthetic accidents still occur frequently. Origins and causes are being reviewed especially in the light of lawsuits against anesthetists. The importance of utmost continuous supervision and care for both the vital functions: respiration and circulation, is stressed. General recommendations for security during anesthesia are advanced. PMID- 707032 TI - The role of the recovery room for the safety of anesthesia. AB - Three groups of activities taking place in the recovery room are separately analyzed and compared with the same done on the wards. It is concluded that all three of them are preferably done in the recovery room. When these principles are followed, mortality in the direct postoperative period can be reduced to an absolute minimum. Data from 50,000 cases confirmed this statement. PMID- 707033 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome: demonstration of antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue. AB - Sera from 30 patients with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome were tested for the presence of antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue using the antiglobulin consumption test. An increased binding of IgG was observed in 15 out of 30 sera and in these sera F(ab')2 fragments prepared from IgG retained the capacity to combine with peripheral nerve tissue, suggesting an antigen-antibody interaction. The specificity for peripheral nerve tissue was demonstrated by absorption experiments. F(ab')2 fragments prepared from IgG of normal sera, however, failed to react with the tissue, suggesting a non-specific binding through the Fc part of the molecule. In sera from patients fully recovered from the Guillain-Barre syndrome and from patients with other neuropathies, no increased binding of IgG was observed. PMID- 707034 TI - Changes of electrooculogram (EOG) in Parkinson's disease. AB - Twenty Parkinsonian patients and 20 control subjects were compared with respect to their electrooculographic findings. It was found that Parkinsonian patients are distinguished from controls by their significantly lower mean EOG ratios. L dopa treatment restored EOG ratios to control values. The findings are interpreted as indicating an association of Parkinson's disease with metabolic changes in the melanin-containing cells of the pigment epithelium. PMID- 707035 TI - Linoleic acid in multiple sclerosis: failure to show any therapeutic benefit. AB - We have studied the effect of a dietary supplement with linoleic acid (LA) in 76 patients with MS. We could detect no effect of this supplement on the progression of neurological findings, the relapse rate, or the severity of relapses. We were also able to show that oral supplementation with a linoleic acid preparation would raise the blood level of LA in these patients. We were unable to show that there was any reduction in the linoleic acid blood levels associated with acute relapses of MS during this study. PMID- 707036 TI - Anterior spinal artery syndrome. AB - Three patients are presented, each showing clinical and electrophysiological findings indicative of the anterior spinal artery syndrome: sudden onset of nonprogressive weakness and spasticity of one or both legs, associated in one patient with pain and in all three patients with selective impairment of temperature sensation, radiological evidence of aortic calcification, normal sensory and motor conduction velocities and normal amplitude of sensory potentials, but diminished amplitude of evoked motor responses. Electromyography showed widespread fibrillation in muscles of the leg in two patients and evidence of marked loss of motor units in all three patients. PMID- 707037 TI - Carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide and phenytoin concentrations in brain tissue of epileptic children. AB - Carbamazepine (CBZ), carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-epoxide) and phenytoin (DPH) were measured in brain tissue in two epileptic children undergoing temporal lobectomy. The patients had been treated with the anticonvulsants in question for 2 years. The CBZ concentration in brain tissue was higher or equal to the plasma concentration. Brain/plasma ratio for CBZ was 1.0 and 1.4, respectively (grey substance). Brain/plasma ratio of CBZ-epoxide was 1.0. Concomitant treatment with DPH increased the percentage of CBZ-epoxide relative to CBZ in both brain and plasma. In white brain substance the concentration of CBZ, CBZ-epoxide and DPH was higher or equal to the corresponding concentration in grey substance. No major age-related differences in the distribution of anti-epileptic drugs between brain and plasma in these two children compared to adult epileptic patients were noted. A new quantitative thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of DPH and phenobarbital (PB) in brain tissue and plasma is described. PMID- 707038 TI - Epidemiologic survey of multiple sclerosis in the Bucharest city and suburban area. AB - Epidemiologic survey over a restricted area of Romanian territory, i.e. the city of Bucharest with a population of 1,934,052 and a surface of 605 km2, established the following values for the MS parameters studied. On January 5, 1977 the prevalence rate for "probable" and "possible" cases was 46.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and for "probable" cases alone (with certain clinical diagnosis) 41.3 per 100,000. The specific 20- to 60-year age adjusted prevalence rate was 79.4 per 100,000. The incidence rate over the 1969--1976 period was 1.78 per 100,000. The prevalence and incidence rates in this survey are similar to those reported for two other large urban centers of Romania (population over 100,000 each), Romania being therefore situated in a geographical area of "high risk" for MS. The 0.61 per 100,000 nationwide and the 0.65 per 100,000 Bucharest mortality rates are lower than those reported in other geographical areas of "high risk" for MS. PMID- 707039 TI - Thyroiditis in myasthenia gravis. AB - Three out of 40 patients with myasthenia gravis had chronic thyroiditis. The thyroid disease preceded the neuromuscular disorder in two patients, while the third developed a slowly progessive hypothyreosis during the course of the myasthenia. One patient had an initial thyrotoxicosis with subsequent development of hypothyreosis. Of the remaining 37 patients, two had enlarged thyroid glands, positive family history of thyroid disease and antibodies to thyroid globulin, but were euthyreot. PMID- 707040 TI - Diffuse cerebral sclerosis, melanoderma and adrenal insufficiency (adreno leukodystrophy). AB - Two cases of adrenoleukodystrophy are described. The pathological picture was consistent with earlier observations about the disease with the difference that the brain tissue revealed material which stained metachromatically with toluidine blue and was insoluble in fat solvents. PMID- 707041 TI - Computerized tomography in hereditary ataxias. AB - Thirty-nine patients with hereditary ataxia (HA), hereditary spastic paraplegia or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease were investigated with computerized cranial tomography (CT). Infratentorial as well as supratentorial atrophies were registrated and scored. These were compared with the patient's neurological symptoms, which were related to the lesion in the central nervous system, and scored. There was correlation between the distribution of brainstem/cerebellar symptoms and the distribution and degree of infratentorial atrophy. HA cases with cerebral cortical atrophy had significantly higher dementia scores than those without wide sulci. Intravenous injection with contrast medium was of no diagnostic aid, as no focal changes were found. It is concluded that CT is an aid in the diagnosis of hereditary ataxias and hereditary spastic paraplegia. PMID- 707042 TI - Abnormal ultrastructural appearances in axons of feline pericruciate cortex after lateral funiculotomy. AB - Following left lateral funiculotomy, axons of cat pericruciate cortex exhibited neurofilamentous hyperplasia and complex, adaxonal, oligodendrocytic invaginations into electron-lucent or (commonly) electron-dense, degenerating axoplasm. These changes were absent form sham-operated and unoperated animals. Neurofilamentous hyperplasia was exclusively right-sided and appeared in myelinated axons 5--49 days postoperatively and in nonmyelinated axons 14--153 days after surgery. Oligoglial invaginations were present 1--49 days after surgery and were predominantly right-sided. Intramyelinic, axo-dendritic synapses appeared in operated cats 5--10 days postoperatively. Intra-axonal accumulations of ribosomes were found also. These changes also occurred exclusively or predominantly contralateral to spinal surgery. Other ultrastructural abnormalities, e.g., amorphous transformation of axoplasm and accumulations of dense bodies in intra-myelinic, dark cytoplasm, had a less certain relationship to lateral funiculotomy. The axonal alterations that were limited to operated cats possibly represent a true retrograde axonal degeneration occurring at a distance from the site of axonic interruption and unaccompanied by evidence of nerve cell death. PMID- 707043 TI - Initial response of silver-impregnated "resting microglia" to stab wounding in rabbit hippocampus. AB - Adult rabbits received stab wound in the cerebrum and were sacrificed at intervals of 20, 30, and 39 h thereafter. Each animal was injected intracerebrally with 3H-thymidine 2h before fixation. Altered brain tissues of the stratum radiatum of hippocampus were taken for examination. Response of "resting microglia" to stab wounding was investigated by electron microscopic autoradiography and by autoradiography applied on silver-impregnated materials. Following results were obtained: (1) Resting microglia undergo marked swelling shortly after the brain damage. We designate these cells as "swollen microglia". (2) Swollen microglia form the only cell population that proliferate actively in the initial stage of glial response to the brain injury, and (3) astroglia do not proliferate during the same experimental periods, in the rabbit hippocampus. PMID- 707044 TI - Maturation of Purkinje cells in mouse cerebellum after neonatal administrations of cytosine arabinoside. AB - ICR-JCL strain mice were injected subcutaneously with 30 mg/kg body weight of cytosine arabinoside at 2, 3, and 4 days of age. This chemical prevented the production of the basket cells, stellate cells, and granule cells in the external granular layer of the cerebellum. Decrease in number of these microneutrons affected the noraml synaptic connections between the Purkinje cells and the microneurons, thus causing the disarrangement and abnormal arborization of the Purkinje cells. Of the three types of microneurons, the basket and a few stellate cells played a more important role in the disarrangement of the Purkinje cells and abnormal arborization of their primary dendrites than the granule cells did. Abnormal outgrowing directions of other smooth dendrites of the Purkinje cells were caused mainly by the diminution of stellate cells. Although parallel fibers were grossly decreased in number in the treated cerebellums, spines of the spiny dendrites of the Purkinje cells sprouted considerably in the 15-day-old mice, and then their morphological features remained even after 100 days of age. PMID- 707045 TI - Mineralized cells: neurons, glia or macrophages? Ultrastructure of cerebellum in chick nutritional encephalopathy. AB - Mineralized dead cells were found in infarcted areas in the cerebella of three chicks killed in the healing stage of nutritional encephalopathy. The mineral depostis were found in vacuoles and consisted of radially packed threads and spicules, concentric laminated structures and centrally located amorphous masses. The cells in which these deposits were found were positively identified as astrocytes and macrophages. The presence of such deposits in neurons was suspected but not proven. PMID- 707046 TI - Ultrastructural studies on blood-brain barrier dysfunction after cerebral air embolism in the rat. AB - Male albino rats were anaesthetized with diazepam, injected with horseradish peroxidase and Evans blue-labeled albumin and given an embolus of 0.01 ml air in the right common carotid artery after ligation of the external carotid branch. The pial arteries of the right cerebral hemisphere were stained blue, particularly the middle cerebral artery and its main arterial branchlets. Ultrastructurally, some endothelial cells in the right middle cerebral artery, small arteries and arterioles showed a diffuse distribution of horseradish peroxidase in their cytoplasm, although these vessels only occasionally showed peroxidase in their basement membranes. Other endothelial cells in these arterial branchlets showed few if any signs of a diffuse distribution of peroxidase but displayed several pinocytotic vesicles and occasionally trans-endothelial channels filled with peroxidase, sometimes with a slight leakage of peroxidase into adjacent basement membranes and neuropil. Scattered pinocytotic vesicles were observed in capillaries and venules, but there was usually no extravasation of peroxidase around these vessels. PMID- 707049 TI - Fine structure of an unusual spongy variant of medulloblastoma. AB - The prominent finding on electron microscopy of an unusual spongy variant of medulloblastoma was the marked distention of a well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the tumor cells. To the authors' knowledge, this fine structural feature has not been described previously in this tumor. PMID- 707047 TI - Morphology and origin of arachnoid cysts. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of three cases. AB - Three surgically removed primary arachnoidal cysts were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and two of the cases with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cells lining the cyst cavity had microvilli at the surface, true cilia were absent. In the cytoplasm multivesicular bodies, many pinocytotic vesicles, some large vacuoles and strands of tonofilaments were prominent features. The cells were interconnected by desmosome-like junctions and were separated from the surrounding tissue by a distinct but sometimes incomplete basal membrane. Based on these findings it is concluded that arachnoid cysts are derived from the outer arachnoid cells (subdural neurothelium), the formation of the cysts being attributabel to secretory capacity of the subdural neurothelium. PMID- 707048 TI - The nature of macrophages (foam cells) in neurinomas. Tissue culture study. AB - Fourteen cases of neurinomas of variable location are studied by tissue culture technic in an attempt to typify the foam cells as primary or superimposed elements in the tumor population. Our results demonstrate that the "in vitro" behavior of the neurinomas is constant and characteristic and that three cell types are found in them: fusiform, star-shaped cells and macrophages. There appears that the macrophage is an evolutive aspect of the star-shaped cells and probably of the fusiform one. On this basis, macrophage and foam cells of neurinomas must be considered as primary. PMID- 707050 TI - The influence of the deep femoral artery on wound healing in amputees. AB - Seventeen patients with arterial occlusive disease, of whom 14 were diabetics, were studied by angiography after amputation of the lower extremity. In one patient the angiography was normal and the stump wound healed well. In two patients the angiographic findings indicated extremely severe impairment of blood supply and wound healing was considerably delayed. Of the remaining 14 patients: in five the superficial femoral artery alone was occluded and wound healing was normal and in nine patients, both the superficial and deep femoral arteries were occluded and wound healing was delayed. Wound healing of the stump after amputation of the lower extremity due to extensive arterial occlusive disease is decided by the patency of the deep femoral artery. PMID- 707051 TI - Scattered mitosis in adult joint cartilage after partial chondrectomy. A histological, autoradiographical and biochemical study in rabbits. AB - Full-grown rabbits were operated on and subjected to total or partial chondrectomy of the cartilage in the patellar groove. In one group, only arthrotomy was performed in the control knee. The animals were killed at various times after the operation. Histologically, proliferation of the synovial cells at the joint margins, as well as osteoblastic activity, could be seen; later, osteophyte formation was observed. There were only minimal signs of degenerative changes in the cartilage. The biochemical investigation did not show any difference in the nucleic acids of the cartilage, either in relation to the time after the operation had taken place or in relation to the size of the trauma. In the knees where the cartilage was excised, thymidine-labelled chondrocytes were seen scattered in the joint. The number of labelled chondrocytes showed a rising tendency up to 14 days postoperatively, but no peak value was seen. In the arthrotomized knee joints, labelled chondrocytes were occassionally seen. It is possible that the scattered mitosis is the result of a reduction in the concentration of normal cell-specific inhibitors of mitosis, so-called chalones. PMID- 707053 TI - Evaluation of fracture healing in man by serial 99mTcSn-pyrophosphate scintimetry. AB - Serial 99mTc-pyrophosphate (99mTcPP) uptake measurements were performed, during the healing period, in 12 patients with fracture of the distal end of the radius without displacement. A peak value in uptake ratio was seen within 4 weeks in all patients. For clinical reasons the patients were divided into a normal healing and a slow healing group. 99mTcPP uptake at 6 weeks after the fracture was significantly higher in the slow healing group. Quantitation of the healing process in forearm fractures is possible using 99mTcPP and a gamma camera, and concentrating on small selected areas of interest. PMID- 707054 TI - Structural role of bone apatite in human femoral compacta. AB - Tensile and compressive strength of human femoral compacta have been shown to be related (P is greater than 0.005) to the average bone apatite crystallite length (D002) as determined by X-ray diffraction line breadth measurement. However, statistical variance of crystallite length was not sufficient to explain observed differences in mechanical properties, these differences being primarily due to variation in mineral density. Average bone apatite crystallite length was not found to change significantly with biological age (P=0.30) over the range 3 1/2 to 87 years. It is concluded that increased bone apatite crystallite length is detrimental to the structural role of the skeleton but that this is not a major factor in determining fracture incidence in the elderly. PMID- 707052 TI - Torsional strength and geometry of diaphyseal bone. An experimental study on dogs. AB - A previously presented method for measuring the torsional strength of diaphyseal bones has been used to study the effect of direction of twist upon the torsional strength and stiffness of diaphyseal canine bones. No significant effect of the direction of twist upon the studied properties has been found. The reason for the observed twist direction independence of the torsional strength and stiffness is assumed to be the adaptation of the diaphyseal bone architecture to functional demands. PMID- 707055 TI - Dystrophic calcification in tubercular lesions of bursae. AB - Four patients with extensive dystrophic calcification, in osteorticular tubercular lesions of relatively short duration, are described. All lesions healed satisfactorily after treatment with antitubercular drugs combined in some cases with en bloc excision. PMID- 707056 TI - Atrophy of cortical bone caused by rigid internal fixation plates. An experimental study in the dog. AB - The cortical atrophy induced by a rigid internal fixation plate on diaphyseal bone was studied on the femora of seven dogs. When the plate, which had been in position for 7 months without previous osteotomy, was removed, a pronounced reduction of the cortical bone was observed in the previously plated section of the diaphyseal bone. The atrophy took the form of loss of cortical bone mainly caused by endosteal resorption with enlargement of the medullary cavity. Neither periosteal resorption nor formation of woven bone under the site of the plate were observed. The process of adaption to the changed stress and strain conditions, caused by the mechanical joint, i.e., implants and bone, was studied by means of a histological technique, and was still in progress after a period of seven months. PMID- 707057 TI - Effect of pneumatic tourniquet on muscle oxygen tension. AB - Recent investigations suggest that circulation in a limb can be reduced with a tourniquet to less than 1 per cent of the control limb, or even completely occluded. The development of tissue oxygen tonometry with implanted silastic tubes has provided new possibilities for assessing muscle tissue oxygen tension. In the present work, this method was employed to register the effect of tourniquet blackade on the lower limb muscle PO2 in rabbits. The duration of the tourniquet blockade was 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The baseline muscle PO2 in the tibialis anterior muscle was 22.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg. During the tourniquet blockade the oxygen tension dropped to minimal values between 9.2 +/- 0.5 and 10.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg in these experimental groups, but the tissue microclimate never reached fully anoxic conditions. The rapid response of muscle PO2 to oxygen breathing after release of the blockade suggests that limb microcirculation tolerates tourniquet occlusion well. PMID- 707058 TI - Intracardial arteriographic study on vascular changes in amputated rabbits. AB - The vascular changes in rabbits after amputation were studied in vivo with arteriography, after intracardial injection of contrast. In the amputated extremity an initial vasoconstriction of the arteries was found. Thereafter changes were observed in arteries and veins, both in the operated and contralateral extremities, depending on the level of amputation and the manner in which the stump was closed. After amputation distally on the extremity and after stump closure without myoplasty arteriovenous shunting was observed in the amputation stump. Arteriovenous shunts were not seen after knee disarticulation and after proximal amputation on crus with myoplasty. Inactivity of the muscles in the amputation stump is supposed to be the cause of the shunt formation. After mid-femur amputation a permanent vasoconstriction of the femoral artery was observed, whereas artery dilation was seen when amputation on the femur was combined with plugging of the medullary cavity. PMID- 707059 TI - Radiological studies of the wrist joint among chain saw operating lumberjacks in Japan. AB - Radiological changes of the wrist joint among 580 chain saw operators and 90 forestry workers (control) who had never used vibratory tools have been studied. In both groups, degeneration in the distal radio-ulnar joint and the lunate bone was recorded as a prominent finding. However, changes peculiar to chain saw operators or a close relation between those changes found and the number of years spent operating a chain saw could not be found in this study. PMID- 707060 TI - Prediction of spirometric values in patients with scoliosis. AB - The prediction of normal spirometric values requires a measure of the non deformed body height of scoliotic patients. The arm-span method has been used for estimating the non-deformed body height in spite of the fact that opinions about the normal relationships between body height and arm span differ. In order to minimize the error of estimation of non-deformed body height, the normal relationships between body height and arm span were determined for 91 males and for 118 females of ordinary body stature, varying age (5-78 years), and Swedish origin. The body-height/arm-span relationships were described by linear regression equations taking age into account. The results indicate significant sex and age differences in the arm-span/height ratio. Multiple regression equations including arm span and age as regressors were used to calculate the non deformed body height in scoliotic patients. The arm-span method was compared with the method using the degree of lateral curvature of the spine for calculation of non-deformed body height of scoliotic subjects. The arm-span method resulted in a correction of body height and predicted spirometric values that agreed closely with those obtained by the method using the degree of curvature of the spine. The two methods may be used alternatively. In accordance with earlier reports, the predicted spirometric values were underestimated when the measured body height was used. PMID- 707061 TI - Peripheral vasoconstriction in the rat in response to sound. III. Dependence of pause characteristics in continuous noise. AB - The peripheral vascular reaction to sound was studied in the non-anaesthetized rat. Arterial pulsations were recorded by a non-invasive technique from the tail of the animal. The offset of a noise was found to be a weak stimulus for vasoconstriction, eliciting responses in only half of the presentations. A vasoconstriction was, however, regularly elicited by onset of sound after the end of the pause. The vasoconstriction was independent of pause duration in the range 10 ms to 100 s. For shorter pauses the reaction was smaller; It was especially noted that a 10 ms pause gave a larger response than a 10 ms burst of noise. The results were discussed in relation to decay of sensation and partial masking effects. PMID- 707062 TI - Ion transport in the cochlea of guinea pig. II. Chloride transport. AB - The -Cl transport of endolymph--perilymph barrier in guinea pigs was studied by perfusing the perilymphatic space with artificial perilymph containing 36Cl and measuring the uptake of 36Cl in the endolymph. In normal animals no marked difference in -Cl concentration was found between the endodlymph and perilymph. The data showed that the uptake of 36Cl in the endodlymph could be represented by a simple exponential function of the perfusion time, the rate constant being 0.01 min-1. The concentration of 36Cl in the endolymph was greater with perfusion of the scala vestibuli than with perfusion of the scala tympani, indicating the Reissner's membrane is more permeable to -Cl than the rest of the endolymph perilymph barrier. Anoxia and local application of ouabain decreased the -Cl concentration and 36Cl uptake in the endolymph. Our results imply that the endocochlear potential is the principal driving force for unidirectional flux of Cl from perilymph to endolymph. PMID- 707064 TI - A physiological and morphological study of the cochlea of the rat following treatment with atoxyl and neomycin. AB - By means of physiological and morphological techniques the inner ear pathology following exposure to the ototoxic compounds atoxyl and neomycin was analysed in the rat. Primarily a high tone deterioration occurred with a subsequent morphological degeneration pattern among the hair cells in the basal part of the cochlea. The outer hair cells were more frequently affected than the inner hair cells following the administration of both atoxyl and neomycin. PMID- 707063 TI - Further studies of the effects of continuous white noise of moderate intensity (70--80 dB SPL) on the cochlea in young guinea pigs. Time course and distribution of hair cell degeneration. AB - Guinea pigs aged one week were exposed to white noise at a maximum of 76 dB SPL for 7 days and were then killed 3, 8 and 16 weeks later for histological examination of the cochlea by the surface preparation method. Appreciable increases in outer hair cell losses were observed in the apical turn 3/3 1/2, chiefly in the outer two rows, between the 3rd and 8th week, but not between the 8th and 16th week. No significant losses were seen in control groups corresponding to 3- and 8-week periods, although in the control group of 16 weeks' survival, small deficits, attributable to natural ageing, were seen in the apical half-turn, 3 1/2. PMID- 707065 TI - A study of the vibration of the basilar membrane in human temporal bone preparations by the use of the Mossbauer effect. AB - Using the Mossbauer technique, we have studied the vibration of the human basilar membrane and malleus head in the sound frequency range 0.2--9.0 kHz and at a sound pressure of 100 dB at the tympanic membrane. The displacement frequency response curves for the basilar membrane and the malleus head have similar shapes, with a maximum at about 1 kHz. Below and above 1 kHz the curves have a slope of about 10 dB/octave and--100 dB/octave, respectively. In addition, the basilar membrane has a maximum displacement at a frequency dependent distance from the stapes. A simple hydrodynamic model for the cochlea is used to interpret the experimental data. A possible mechanism for the frequency resolution of sound by the ear and noise-induced hearing loss is discussed. PMID- 707066 TI - Diagnosis and surgery of acoustic tumours. AB - In the diagnosis of acoustic neuromata the stapedial reflex test, the forward vs reverse Bekesy test, the loudness balance test, and the adaptation test have all been found superior among the special tests used in predicting a tumour diagnosis. Conventional X-ray studies of the internal acoustic meati are always performed, followed by tomograms and in suspected cases by meatocisternography. In the present series translabyrinthine total removal was performed in 21 cases, a planned decompression in 5, while in 2 the removal was subtotal. Only two permanent facial paralyses arose, one corrected by masseteric plasty and the other by facial-hypoglossal lateral perceptive hearing impairment as being caused by a tumour until proven otherwise. PMID- 707067 TI - Directional specificity for head rotation in the pigeons posterior cerebellum. AB - Neurons in the posterior cerebellum, including the vestibulocerebellum, which respond to rotation in the plane of the horizontal semicircular canal exhibit considerably greater plane specificity than is known for primary afferents. This is shown by a response amplitude decline with tilt out of the canal plane which exceeds the decline predicted to a cosine function. Of 96 horizontal canal cells, 41 also responded to yaw movements about neck joints with only three of these cells exhibiting responses to roll movements as well. Other neurons responding to head rotation in roll very commonly responded to neck movements about the roll and/or pitch axes. Cells with converging vestibulo-cerevical input were found throughtout lobules VI to X, most of these cells being located in the uvula and only very few in the nodulus. PMID- 707069 TI - The mucociliary activity of the upper respiratory tract. II. A method for in vivo studies on maxillary sinus mucosa of animals and human beings. AB - A method for photoelectric in vivo recordings of the mucociliary activity of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is described and tested in model experiments. In vivo recordings from the maxillary sinus mucosa of rabbits were easy to analyse and the method is useful for further experimental research on animals. Examples of in vivo recordings from the human maxillary sinus during Caldwell-Luc operations are also presented. These results are compared with subsequent in vitro recordings of biopsy material. PMID- 707070 TI - Experimental surgery on the nose. I. Airflow and goblet-cell density. AB - In rabbits the nasal vestibule was surgically occluded on one side. The rabbits were observed for varying periods, maximum 90 days. The mucosa of the septum was removed from both sides, stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method, and the goblet cells were counted. The difference in goblet-cell density between the occluded and open side of the nose was less than expected according to previous reports. A completely abolished air flow for 3 months caused only some increase in density. During the first 16 days there was an increase in density on the occluded as well as on the open side of the nose. This can hardly have been due to altered airflow, but must be attributed to an irritative action by the operation upon the nasal mucosa. PMID- 707068 TI - Sialochemical examinations in non-tumorous parotid enlargements. AB - Secretion rates and the composition of isolated parotid saliva samples were samples were examined in 51 patients suffering from chronic recurrent parotitis, sialosis, or Sjogren's syndrome, and in 17 healthy controls. Evaluation of the results indicated that sialochemical examination may provide a valuable help in the differential diagnosis of parotid diseases characterized by swelling of the gland. Chronic parotitis is characterized by a significantly decreased flow rate, extremely high sodium and protein concentration and lack of secretory response to stimulation. In Sjogren's syndrome the low flow rate was found to be associated with a decreased potassium secretion rate as well as decreased flow rate and decreased sodium concentration after stimulation. In sialosis, where flow rates display a considerable individual variation, a significant increase in potassium secretion rate could be revealed. PMID- 707072 TI - [Vidian nerve: perspectives and realities]. AB - The author presents the history and the actual indications of vidian neurectomy with results out the literature. The endonasal approach of pterygo-palatine fossa is discussed. What is the place of vidian neurectomy in the management and treatment of hypertrophic rhinitis? The question is open but the nasal functional microsurgery is born. PMID- 707071 TI - Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus. Clinical and histopathological features of 4 cases and a review of the literature. AB - Four patients with aspergillus maxillary sinusitis are reported and a review of the literature on aspergillus paranasal sinusitis during the last 10 years is presented. The patients had symptoms and X-ray findings similar to a chronic bacterial sinusitis. One patient had been operated upon 6 years previously due to a chronic sinusitis and 3 of the patients had been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs. Caldwell-Luc operations were performed, also to exclude malignant tumours. The aspergillus etiology of the sinuitis was discovered in routine stained sections by histo-pathological examination of the sinus mucosae. No recurrence of the fungus infection occurred after the Caldwell-Luc operation, which was valuable for the correct diagnosis as well as being the best suited therapy. PMID- 707073 TI - [Statistical data concerning passive anterior rhinomanometry (PAR)]. AB - The authors measured the values of the passive anterior rhinomanometry (PAR) obtained from 30 normal subjects and studied the influence of the different variables involved in PAR. This influence was calculated by using of statistical analysis (ANOVA). By measuring "p" with successively changing flows, it was possible to determine that the airstream was mainly laminair. PMID- 707074 TI - [Surgical treatment of choanal atresia]. PMID- 707076 TI - [Value of electric stimulation of the promontory in man. Preliminary report]. PMID- 707075 TI - [Sudden deafness]. AB - Concerning sudden deafness, the author rather defends viral origin than vascular, based on comparative histo-pathological studies. Possibility of "inner ear baro trauma" or "labyrinth membrane rupture" is also discussed. Conservative treatment by bed-rest, cortico-steroids and vasodilators is advised. PMID- 707077 TI - [New surgical technic for treating a laryngocele. Surgical exploration of the larynx]. PMID- 707078 TI - [Chondrosarcoma of the upper maxilla]. PMID- 707080 TI - Styloid process syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome? AB - The literature on the syndromes related with the stylohyoid apparatus is reviewed and the embryology is discussed. Since the embryological, and symptomatical similarity, a "stylohyoid" syndrome can be defined including symptoms related to the styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, the hyoid bone and even the hyothyroid cartilage junction. Some possible aetiological factors are listed even as appropriate treatment which includes surgery. PMID- 707081 TI - [100 years of the secular trend in a region of Hungary]. PMID- 707079 TI - [Electrophysiology of vestibulo-ocular reflexes]. AB - Electrophysiological and morphological properties of premotor neurones in the vestibulo-ocular system have been studied intracellularly in the unanesthetized "encephale isole" cat. 1. Secondary neurones of the vestibulo-abducens reflex, identified both by their antidromic and orthodromic responses, showed no nystagmic modulation of their activity. 2. Only 12% of the recorded population in the medial vestibular nucleus showed burst firing patterns correlated with the phases of nystagmus. 3. Two classes of neurones which did not respond to stimulation of the abducens nerve were recorded in the abducens nucleus. The first were inhibited by phasic vestibular stimulation and fired 180 degrees out of phase with the ipsalateral motor nerve discharge. The second type of neurones was excited by vestibular stimulation and fired in synchrony with the motor nerve activity. PMID- 707082 TI - Remnants of vitelline duct: analysis of 66 cases. AB - In twenty years, 66 infants and children with remnants of vitelline duct requiring surgery have been admitted. The patients were classified into three groups: patient vitelline duct (20 cases); Meckel's diverticulum as the primary surgical diseases (19 patients); and Meckel's diverticulum found incidentally at surgery (27 patients). The male preponderance in the groups of patent vitelline duct and symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum was 9:1. In contrast with other data, Meckel's diverticulum requiring surgery occurred with nearly equal frequency up to fourteen years. The gravest complication in the cases of patent vitelline duct were a T-shaped protrusion of ileum and a small bowel volvulus around the fibrous cord or the patent duct; and in the cases of Meckel's diverticulum causing symptoms, intestinal obstruction, bleeding peptic ulceration or inflammation. Three deaths occurred in newborn age in connection with patent vitelline duct, and one patient died who belonged to the group of asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 707083 TI - [Properties and antigenicity of gluten protein isolated from bread]. PMID- 707084 TI - Mild variant of maple syrup urine disease. AB - The case of a three-year-old boy with mental retardation, moderate muscular hypotony and speech delay is presented. The mild form of maple syrup urine disease was suspected at the first blood screening test by means of ion-exchange thin-layer chromatography. The diagnosis was confirmed by quantitative serum amino acid analysis and protein loading. On a low protein (2 g/kg body weight) diet completed with leucine-isoleucine-valine free formula prompt and lasting normalization of the serum amino acid level ensued with steady improvement of the clinical and neurological status. PMID- 707085 TI - Enterobiasis and urinary tract infection. AB - The correlation between enterobiasis and urinary tract infection was studied in girls aged 6-14 years. Enterobius ova were demonstrated in anorectal scrapings, carried out three times in each case. Of the 84 patients suffering from urinary tract infection, 55 were Enterobius positive, as compared to 60 among 100 control girls. The difference was not significant. Enterobiasis was not found to be more frequent even when urinary tract infection reappeared within 6 months. There was no significant difference among patients with monosymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria either. Enterobiasis thus seems to play no pathogenic role in urinary tract infections of girls. PMID- 707086 TI - The baseline data of the Hungarian Congenital Malformation Register, 1970-1976. PMID- 707087 TI - Interaction and interdependence of somatic organism and psyche in childhood. AB - In order to clarify the interconnection and interdependence of the human somatic organism and psyche, their nature is discussed. The somatic organism is a specific morphological functional system, developing in every being. The psyche is a functional structure developing individually in the course of ontogeny, under the effect of internal processing influenced by the environment. The function of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes is discussed including the way in which the conditioned reflexes are built up on unconditioned ones. The mechanism is described, by which the psyche develops in the individual and how its functions manifest themselves. A concept is discussed concerning the structure of the human psyche, the system and nature of the conscious and unconscious functions. The personality is the manifestation of the interconnections and the formation into a system of the somatic organism and the psyche. This interconnection brings about the socialized humanization of the vital processes in man living in society. A concept concerning the essence of personality is discussed, emphasizing the "actual personality" and describing its structure. Clinical examples are given concerning the interconnection of somatic organism and psyche and the somatopsychic and psycho-somatic processes, and conclusions are drawn for the purposes of education. PMID- 707088 TI - Physical growth of children born small for gestational age. AB - In a longitudinal study the postnatal physical growth of 188 small for gestational age and 225 appropriate for gestational age children was compared. A significant retardation in weight, stature, head circumference and osseous development of SGA children was observed even at the age of 3 years. PMID- 707089 TI - Trisomy 18 syndrome. PMID- 707091 TI - Tolerance to physical effort in pre- and postmenarcheal girls. PMID- 707090 TI - Familial supravalvular aortic stenosis. PMID- 707092 TI - Fasting serum C-peptide immunoreactivity in normal children. PMID- 707093 TI - Miconazole treatment of candida sepsis in aminophenazone induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 707094 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia in a boy with hypothyroidism due to an ectopic thyroid. PMID- 707095 TI - The otopalatodigital syndrome. PMID- 707096 TI - Exantherma in sepsis neonatorum. PMID- 707097 TI - Micronuclei studied in fine needle goitre aspirates. AB - Small nuclei at the size level of 1--3 mu--micronuclei--were studied in fine needle goitre aspirates. The greatest frequency of such structures was found in carcinomas, toxic goitres, and lymphoid thyroiditis, but even in the cases where they were found in greatest numbers, these structures comprised only a few promille of the nuclei. The possible significance of the micronuclei, especially with regard to carcinogenesis, is discussed. PMID- 707098 TI - Lymph node identification in carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Value of tissue specimen radiography. AB - A method for identifying lymph nodes in tissue specimens from patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum by soft X-rays is described and assessed. The method seems superior to more time-consuming and possibly tissue-damaging procedures, and it affords a possibility of identifying lymph nodes down to a size 1--2 mm in formalin-fixed as well as in non-fixed tissue specimens. PMID- 707099 TI - Metastasis spread from syngeneic murine tumours. Establishment of a test protocol for comparisons between ascites tumours and their progenitors. AB - We have transformed two new MC-induced tumours, a sarcoma (MCB31-SC), into ascites form. When transplanted s.c. these ascites tumours grow as solid, quite undifferentiated tumours, (AS = ascites solid tumours). We compared the metastasizibility of the AS tumours with that of the parent tumours. In doing so, we used both the tail and the hind leg as transplantation sites. The tumours can be radically removed from both sites by amputation, which prolongs the survival time of the animals and permits metastases to grow into detectable sizes. As registered grossly and by microscopy, the AS tumours have a greater tendency of spread than the parent (SS/SC) tumours. MCB-21 AS grows quicker than 21-SS and gives rise to more lymph node metastases. When transplanted to the tail the AS tumour also gives a higher incidence of lung metastases. We detected no such difference by leg-transplanted tumours. MCB31-SC did not produce any detectable metastases at all, while 31-AS, particularly from the tail, gave rise to numerous lymph node and lung metastases. There were no differences in tumour size or growth rate to account for this difference. Thus ascites conversion has changed the carcinoma MCB31-SC into an undifferentiated, metastasizing tumour, as detected by our procedure. The design of test protocols to detect metastasizibility is discussed. PMID- 707100 TI - Heart autopsy in ischemic heart disease. An autopsy protocol. AB - The commonly performed autopsy of the heart often fails to demonstrate a satisfactory clinicopathological correlation in cases of death due to ischemic heart disease. An autopsy protocol devised specifically for the study of hearts from patients succumbing to ischemic heart disease is presented. This protocol has been employed in a consecutive series of 63 patients with ischemic heart disease dying at the medical department B, Rigshospitalet in the period 1 September 1975 to 1 May 1976. It comprises a meticulous histological examination of the coronary arteries, including quantitation of luminal narrowing. The ventricular myocardium is sliced transversely, and the Nitro-BT test is applied to identify and delineate acute myocardial infarction, the extent of which is quantitated by pointcounting. In a search for histopathological changes responsible for conducting disturbances, the sinoatrial and the atrioventricular nodes are examined histologically. PMID- 707101 TI - Renal infection after ileal conduit urinary diversion. An autopsy study. AB - Autopsy records from cases with urinary bladder carcinoma, consisting of patients operated upon with conduit urinary diversion and controls without diversion, were studied. We found macroscopical evidence of upper urinary tract infection (renal abscesses and/or pus-filled pelves/ureters and/or reddish mucosa in pelves/ureters) in 18 of 21 conduit cases without evidence of cancer at autopsy and in 14 of 50 control cases. The difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.0005). Abscesses were found more often in conduit cases (10/21) than in non-diverted cases (8/50) (p less than 0.01). The known connection between dilated ureters and/or pelves and urinary tract infection was demonstrated in non diverted cases. PMID- 707102 TI - Pleural effusion disease in rabbits. Histopathological observations. AB - Pleural effusion disease (PED) is a generalized infection of laboratory rabbits caused by an unidentified agent, believed to be a virus. The histopathological response of 17 rabbits infected experimentally with this agent was studied. The light microscopical changes were minimal and the most consistent findings were alterations of the lymphoid tissue. Fatal infections were characterized by a uniform reduction of the splenic white pulp, focal degenerative changes of the thymus and lymph nodes and probably slight proliferative changes of the kidney glomeruli. In surviving animals there were transient myocardial and hepatic lesions and, after clinical recovery, proliferative changes in spleen, lymph nodes, interstitial lung tissue and probably kidney glomeruli. The results do not permit any conclusions to be drawn regarding the aetiology or the pathogenesis of PED infection. PMID- 707103 TI - Plasma membrane motility of cultured human glia cells in phase II and III. AB - A human diploid glia line (U-787 CG) was cultured on haptotactic islands using a miniclone method recently described. The surface morphology and motility pattern of the cells were studied using timelapse cinemicrophotography and scanning electron microscopy. Proliferating cells showed locomotion and ruffling activity with intermittent associated macropinocytosis. Non-dividers, viz, cells which had not divided 10 days after seeding on the haptotactic islands, were immobile, larger than the dividers, rather flat with few microvilli, and showed only very occasional ruffles almost completely without associated macropinocytosis. Our present findings show that phase III cells growing singly on haptotactic islands in serum-containing medium behave like phase II cells starved of growth factors or density growth inhibited. The results corroborate the theory that stationary cells have depressed ruffling activity and associated macropinocytosis as compared with proliferating cells. PMID- 707104 TI - Immune complexes in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis suffering from chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. AB - 12 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa and presenting multiple precipitins in serum against this bacterium and 12 patients without P. aeruginosa infection were examined for occurrence of soluble immune complexes in their sputum sol phase by a complement consumption assay and a solid phase rheumatoid factor binding assay. The correlation between the results obtained in the two assays was significant (r = 0.625, p less than 0.01). The patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa showed a significantly (p less than 0.01) higher frequency of immune complex activity in their sputum sol phase, as compared to the patients without P. aeruginosa lung infection. These findings point to the possibility that chronic lung infection with mucoid P. aeruginosa in CF may be an immune complex disease. PMID- 707105 TI - [Study and practical use of ADC-adenine guanosine blood stabilizer]. PMID- 707106 TI - Polarographic determination of levomepromazine maleate on basis of maleinic acid measuring. PMID- 707107 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of phenazopyridine chloride in Vestin drages]. PMID- 707108 TI - [Procedure for measuring the value of valproates in pharmacopoeia-prescribed valeriana tinctures]. PMID- 707109 TI - [Comparative measurement of phenol components of volatile oils from glandular scales of thymus from various species by cytophotometry]. PMID- 707110 TI - Oscillatory chemical reactions as models for studying bioprocesses. PMID- 707111 TI - The effects of surface-active agents on sulphadimidine transfer. Part 2. Lipid bilayer studies. PMID- 707112 TI - [Coumarins and alkaloids from root tissue cultures from Ruta graveolens L. ssp. hortensis (Mill)]. PMID- 707113 TI - [Determination of the B12-active agent content and B12 contamination of raw hydroxocobolamin salts by differential spectrophotometry]. PMID- 707114 TI - [Microdetermination of 3-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-5-(2-piperidine-ethyl)-1,2,4 oxadiazol (Libexin) in biological medium. I. Determination of Libexin by the ion pair formation method]. PMID- 707115 TI - [Biopharmaceutical study of the effect of certain subsidiary materials in sulfadimidine suspension in isolated rat intestine]. PMID- 707116 TI - Comparative bioavailability studies on two oral diazepam preparations. PMID- 707117 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of amidazophen]. PMID- 707119 TI - Effect of thyroxine treatment on carnitine levels in mice. AB - The effect in mice of 8 subcutaneous injections of 20 microgram of L-thyroxine at 12 hr-intervals on the carnitine concentration in the heart and skeletal muscle tissue was studied. In skeletal muscle tissue, the thyroxine treatment resulted in a depressed carnitine concentration. The mean values were 1.59 +/- 0.034 (S.E.M.) and 2.03 +/- 0.045 mumol/g noncollagen protein and 1.11 +/- 0.035 and 1.45 +/- 0.037 mumol/g dry weight for the thyroxine treated and the control animals, respectively. Thyroxine produced myocardial hypertrophy. The thyroxine treated animals had lower cardiac values when dry weight was used as reference base 4.17 +/- 0.10 mumol/g dry weight than the control group, 4.69 +/- 0.18 mumol/g dry weight. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups when the cardiac carnitine concentration was expressed per g noncollagen protein or as carnitine in the entire hearts. Thus, thyroxine has been showed to influence the metabolism of carnitine in mice. PMID- 707120 TI - Degree of sedation obtained with various doses of diazepam and nitrazepam. AB - Using critical flicker fusion (CFF) determination and estimation of drowsiness in eight healthy volunteers the sedative-hypnotic effects of diazepam and mitrazepam were studied. Three dose levels of each drug were used, so that dose-effect curves could be produced. The most reliable results were obtained with the CFF method, and significant dose-effect relations could be demonstrated. The CFF deviation after diazepam initially related well to the concentration in blood serum, but after 4--6 hours the CFF depression vanished rapidly, while the drug concentration remained high. After nitrazepam the signs of drowsiness occurred similarly, while the drug concentration in serum showed on an average a slower rise. The effects began to disappear before the nitrazepam concentration had reached a peak. A rapid tachyphylaxis at the receptor sites seems to be responsible for this incongruity. Nitrazepam exerted significantly stronger sedative effects than diazepam, particularly when the respective serum concentrations were taken into account. This confirms that nitrazepam should be a more efficient sleeping drug, although diazepam also has considerable sedative hypnotic action. PMID- 707118 TI - [Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in blood preparations stored in PVC bags]. PMID- 707121 TI - Reduced myocardial blood flow in acute and chronic digitalization. AB - The myocardial blood flow was measured by the 133Xenon disappearance curve from the left ventricular wall following an injection of 133Xenon in the left coronary artery in 8 dogs without digoxin pretreatment and in 8 chronically digitalized dogs. The myocardial blood flow was significantly less (30%) in the digitalized dogs than in the dogs without pretreatment. In the digitalized dogs as well as in those without pretreatment an intravenous injection of digoxin resulted in a further significant decrease of the myocardial blood flow of about 20% and a significant increase of the coronary vascular resistance. The reduced myocardial blood flow both during acute and chronic digitalization is beleived to be of clinical importance. PMID- 707122 TI - The influence of protein binding on the pharmacokinetics of sulphadimethoxine in rabbits. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sulphadimethoxine was investigated in rabbits at five dose levels. A significant nonlinearity of dose dependent pharmacokinetics was demonstrated. A large dose dependent change in per cent of sulphadimethoxine bound to plasma proteins was shown. It is concluded that the nonlinearity of the pharmacokinetics of sulphadimethoxine is mainly caused by the dose dependent changes in per cent of drug bound to plasma proteins. PMID- 707123 TI - Lithium chloride toxicity and pharmacodynamics in inbred mice. AB - Inbred strains of male mice (C3H, DBA, BALB, C57) were used to determine whether genetic factors play a role in lithium toxicity. Significant differences in the LD50 for LiCl were observed between the mouse strains after a subcutaneous injection of 37 degrees isotonic LiCl. The LD50 values in the C3H, DBA, BALB and C57 strains were 17.4, 17.6, 18.2, and 19.4 mmol/kg, respectively. Significant differences were also observed between the mouse strains in the concentrations of lithium in plasma, heart, liver, kidney and brain 2 hrs. after a subcutaneous injection of 15.1 or 18.2 mmol/kg LiCl, but the lithium concentrations were not related in an obvious manner to LiCl toxicity. The results show that genetic factors can influence the toxicity and pharmacodynamics of lithium. PMID- 707124 TI - The effect of lithium on the iodide concentrating mechanism in mouse salivary gland. AB - The iodide concentrating mechanism, measured as the gland to plasma (G/P) 125I- concentration ratio, was measured in male mouse submandibular glands after the animals had been fed with varying amounts of lithium chloride for intervals ranging from 0 to 8 weeks. After acute exposure (by injection) to lithium the G/P 125I- fell compared to control values and was further depressed at high serum lithium values. Chronic exposure to lithium was characterised by an increase in the G/P 125I- ratios at therapeutic serum lithium concentrations. It is suggested that lithium has a direct effect on the iodide concentrating mechanism that may be independent of any action of thyroid stimulating hormone during this process. The effect may be important in the formation of lithium induced goitre. PMID- 707125 TI - Disposition and oxidative metabolism of antipyrine in the rat. PMID- 707126 TI - Testing of ethylene oxide for mutagenicity using the micronucleus test in mice and rats. PMID- 707127 TI - Counteraction by doxapram of the alcohol-induced impairment of psychomotor skills in man. PMID- 707128 TI - Distribution and nervous system binding of intraperitoneally injected toluene. PMID- 707129 TI - Levels of dopamine, norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in different regions of the rat brain in thallium toxicosis. AB - The levels of dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine were estimated in the hypothalamus and limbic areas, corpus striatum, cerebellum and the brain-stem of rats administered thallous acetate (5 mg/kg i.p.) daily for 7 days. Significant decreases in the concentration of dopamine occurred in the hypothalamus, limbic areas and corpus striatum. Noradrenaline did not reveal significant alteration in any of the regions of the brain examined. The concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine was significantly lowered in the corpus striatum, cerebellum and the brain-stem. PMID- 707130 TI - Dextran induced hypoalbuminaemia as a model for the study of influences of protein binding on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. AB - A model for examination of the effect of hypoalbuminaemia on drug pharmacokinetics in laboratory animal is described. The model has been used to investigate the effect of protein binding on the kinetics of sulphadimethoxine in rabbits. A greater volume of distribution of sulphadimethoxine is shown in the dextran induced hypoalbuminaemic rabbits in comparison with control animals. It is concluded that the suggested model is convenient for investigation of the influences of protein binding on drug pharmacokinetics. PMID- 707131 TI - Pharmacokinetics of clomethiazole in healthy adults. AB - The systemic availability of clomethiazole was assessed by comparing blood levels after intravenous and oral administration. Clomethiazole was rapidly absorbed after oral administration to volunteers, particularly when administered as syrup. The fraction of the given dose that reached the systemic circulation after 1 capsule of clomethiazole (192 mg clomethiazole) was 0.25 +/- 0.18, after 2 capsules (384 mg clomethiazole) 0.38 +/- 0.18, and after 15 ml syrup (480 mg clomethiazole) 0.42 +/- 0.20. The time-blood concentration profiles were consistent with a two-compartment open model and the mean elimination half-lives of 3.6--5.0 hrs. were found for the different formulations and administration routes. Elimination half-lives showed little variation and a mean systemic clearance of 49 ml/min./kg was found for clomethiazole after intravenous administration. Clomethiazole is bound to human plasma proteins (63.4 +/- 1.6%, 37 degrees), a binding which is not affected by Vacutainer sample tubes. The blood/plasma distribution of clomethiazole was 0.76 +/- 0.02 at 37 degrees. A sensitive mass fragmentographic assay for the determination of clomethiazole in blood/plasma down to levels of 1 ng/ml (6.2 nmol/l) is described. PMID- 707132 TI - Actions of a new vasopressin analogue (1-deamino-6-carba-[8-arginine] vasopressin) on regional blood flow in pregnant guinea pigs. AB - Regional blood flow responses to 1-deamino-6-carba-(8-arginine)-vasopressin (dCAVP) were investigated in pregnant guinea pigs by the radioactive microsphere technique. Intravenous injection of 0.1 microgram/kg body weight caused a moderate rise in mean arterial blood pressure from 6.8 to 7.9 kPa, a significant reduction in tissue perfusion of the stomach, mammary gland, urinary bladder and vagina, and a significant increase in renal and cerebral blood flow. In a small number of animals given 1.0 microgram/kg of dCAVP, which evoked a strong pressor response, it was also possible to demonstrate a reduction in cutaneous and pancreatic blood flow and an augmentation of adrenal blood flow. Uterine and maternal placental blood flow did not alter significantly following administration of this vasopressin analogue. PMID- 707133 TI - The degree of methylation and organ distribution of mercury in some birds of prey in Norway. AB - The concentrations of total mercury and methyl mercury were determined in organs from several species of birds of prey. The organ distributions were calculated for each species. For total and non-methyl mercury, significant differences were found between the species. For methyl mercury no such differences were found. The liver: kidney ratios in White-tailed Eagle were 1 : 2.4 and 1 : 0.9 for total and methyl mercury, respectively. The corresponding figures for the Eagle Owl were 1 : 0.7 and 1 : 0.8. The distribution pattern and the degree of methylation were mainly dependent on the mercury levels, and there seemed to be an inverse relationship between the total mercury levels and the percentages of methyl mercury in the organs, especially in the kidney. There were good correlations between the methyl mercury concentrations in the liver, kidney, and muscle. The demethylation of methyl mercury seems to be a significant detoxication route for methyl mercury in birds of prey. PMID- 707134 TI - Excretion of intravenously injected copper-64 in sheep. AB - Copper-64 was injected intravenously into three sheep. The total excretion of copper in sheep was low since only 1.4--1.7% of the dose injected was excreted during a period of 60 hrs. following the injection. It was found that the biliary system was not a main excretory pathway for copper; other routes of excretion into the gastrointestinal tract seemed to be more important. The urinary and the biliary excretion were of comparable magnitude. The activity in the bile was found to be lower than in the plasma throughout the sampling period. It is assumed that a low excretion capacity of copper in the bile of sheep may be a possible factor of importance for the high susceptibility of this species to excess of copper. PMID- 707135 TI - A comparative study on the effects of disulfiram, cyanamide and 1 aminocyclopropanol on the acetaldehyde metabolism in rats. AB - 1-aminocyclopropanol (ACP) is a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in vivo and in vitro. Like cyanamide it has a rapid onset of action in vivo with the highest inhibition occurring after 2--24 hrs. and a long duration of action like disulfiram with measurable inhibition after 144 hrs. All the three inhibitors decreased the activity of the mitochondrial low-Km ALDH strongly in vivo, however, in markedly different doses. Cyanamide inhibited the high-Km ALDH only in vivo, whereas in vitro, the hihgh-Km ALDH was unaffected by cyanamide but significantly inhibited by disulfiram and ACP. The inhibition produced by the inhibitors appeared to be irreversible. Acetaldehyde protected the low-Km enzyme at different extents depending on the inhibitor used. The inhibition of ALDH in intoxicated and control rats and its relation to acetaldehyde oxidation and the disulfiram-ethanol reaction are discussed. PMID- 707136 TI - Enhancement of urine prostaglandin excretion by chlorazanil in dogs. AB - In conscious dogs chlorazanil (2.5 mg/kg intravenously) markedly enhanced (5--10 fold) urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha. The effect came to a peak at 15--30 min. following the administration. Chlorazanil did not modify renal blood flow or inulin clearance in non-pretreated or indomethacin pretreated dogs and the plasma renin activity remained unchanged. A marginal natriuretic and antikaliuretic activity by chlorazanil was similarly observed in non-pretreated dogs and dogs pretreated with indomethacin. The possible effects of the prostaglandins released by chlorazanil remained obscure. In vitro chlorazanil (10(-4) M) exhibited a moderate inhibition of 15-OH-prostaglandin dehydrogenase but an enhanced excretion of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro PGE2alpha in vivo suggested that chlorazanil increased renal prostaglandin activity by increased prostaglandin synthesis, probably due to increased precursor availability. This was presumably mediated by some as yet unknown factor since chlorazanil ( 4 x 10( 5)M) failed to affect the release of precursor and prostaglandins from isolated Krebs-Henseleit perfused rabbit kidneys. PMID- 707137 TI - Fluoride, fluoride resistance and glycolysis in cultured cells. AB - Long-term (several years) exposure to fluoride induced decreased production of lactate in cultured, fluoride resistant LS cells. In intact, sensitive cells, 6 mM NaF had no effect on glycolysis, whereas in homogenates, from both resistant and sensitive cells, lactate production was blocked by 6 mM NaF, indicating the cell membrane to be a barrier to fluoride. A lower intracellular rather than extracellular fluoride concentration was found in the sensitive cell with a ratio of 0.4, whereas fluoride resistant cells excluded fluoride from their intracellular milieu. PMID- 707138 TI - Effect of fluoride on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in normal and fluoride resistant LS cells. AB - Renewal of growth medium caused an induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in LS cells grown in suspension culture. Addition of low concentrations of fluoride ions to the growth medium (up to 1.3 mM) resulted in a further increase in this induction of ODC-activity, whereas addition of 6 mM fluoride caused an inhibition of the induction and resulted in reduced ODC-activity as compared to controls. Since sodium fluoride had no stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the ODC-activity assay, it is likely that the effect is exerted on the regulation of ODC-activity in the cells. The effect of fluoride ions on the induction of ODC-activity upon renewal of the growth medium was markedly less pronounced in fluoride resistant LS cells. PMID- 707139 TI - Central effects of endogenous and exogenous GABA. AB - Exogenous GABA administered into the lateral ventricle of the brain in Wistar rats in doses of 75, 200 and 600 microgram per rat, and endogenous GABA whose cerebral level was raised by intraperitoneal administration of hydroxylamine (Hx) in doses of 30, 50 and 75 mg/kg had a significant inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. This effect was abolished by bicuculine (Bc). The central effect of exogenous and endogenous GABA was manifested by reduced spontaneous and exploratory locomotor activity, decreased body temperature, potentiation of hexobarbital and chloral hydrate general anaesthesia and increase of haloperidol induced catalepsy. On the other hand, no effect of GABA was observed on motor hyperactivity induced with amphetamine and on stereotypy induced with amphetamine and apomorphine. PMID- 707140 TI - The adrenergic influences on the hypothalamic and neurohypophysial oxytocic activity in long-term dehydrated male white rats. AB - Rats dehydrated up to 12 days were given intraperitoneally phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride or amphetamine sulfate in daily doses of 0.2 mg/100 g or 0.5 mg/100 g, respectively. In not dehydrated animals, both drugs decreased significantly the hypothalamic and neurohypophysial oxytocin content. In dehydrated rats the oxytocin activity in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system diminished progressively; under such conditions, inhibition of alpha-adrenergic receptors (brought about by using phenoxybenzamine as pharmacological tool) as well as the stimulation of the alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors (caused by amphetamine administration) potentiated the effects of osmoreceptor stimulation. PMID- 707141 TI - Effect of septal forebrain lesions on soluble fibrin monomer complexes in blood. AB - Soluble fibrin monomer complexes (FM) in blood were measured in septal forebrain lesioned rats on the 4th, 12th, 17th and 21st postoperative days by using the protamine sulfate-induced precipitation method. It was found that septal lesions resulted in a statistically significant increase of FM as compared to the control sham lesioned animals. This increase was positively correlated with heightened emotional reactivity induced by septal lesions. The results obtained suggest that damage to the septal forebrain area may activate the process of intravascular coagulation. PMID- 707142 TI - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) after submaximal exercise in human subjects. AB - In 79 swimmers aged 13--15 years the concentration of 2,3-DPG was determined in the erythrocytes at rest and 1 minute after the end of 7 minutes of submaximal exercise on an arm ergometer. In the examined subjects no significant changes were found in 2,3-DPG concentration in the erythrocytes. A non-significant tendency was demonstrated for a decrease in 2,3-DPG content of erythrocytes related to the post-exercise rise of blood lactate concentration. PMID- 707143 TI - Tissue catecholamine and arterial blood pressure changes in non-anaesthetised rats following administration of a new derivative of furanocarboxylic acid with pressor effect. AB - The effect of a new derivative of furanocarboxylic acid MePAF-4 on the arterial blood pressure, heart rate and the concentration of catecholamines in the brain, heart and adrenals was assessed in non-anaesthetised rats. MePAF-4 was given orally in a single dose of 60 mg/kg (1/30 of LD50)administered during 9 days (at the same daily dose), of injected intravenously in a dose of 10 mg/kg. After intravenous injection MePAF-4 had a significant pressor effect associated with bradycardia but without changes in the tissue concentration of catecholamines. After a single oral dose a slight, transient (60 min) rise of the arterial blood pressure was observed, while the heart rate showed no statistically significant changes. Repeated oral administration of MePAF-4 raised the brain dopamine level and adrenal adrenaline level with simultaneous increase in the weight of these organs. No detectable effects of the long term MePAF-4 administration on the arterial blood pressure and heart rate were observed. PMID- 707144 TI - Effect of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) on heart rate and some metabolic parameters in the rat. AB - Investigations were carried out in vitro and in vivo on the effects of FDP on the rat heart. It was found that FDP have a positive chronotropic and inotropic effect. In in vivo investigations it was shown that the peptides raise the activity of phosphorylase a in the heart and increase slightly blood FFA and lactate levels decreasing glycogen content in the myocardium. The effects of the examined peptides are blocked partly by propranolol and reserpine, while phentolamine failed to change the FDP action. These data suggest that FDP exert chronotropic and inotropic effects through their action on the beta-adrenergic receptors in the myocardium. PMID- 707145 TI - Effect of secretin on antipyrine elimination during extracorporeal perfusion of the isolated guinea pig liver. AB - The aim of these investigations was to elucidate in which part of the bile system (canaliculi or ductules) antipyrine is secreted actively into bile during extracorporeal perfusion of isolated guinea pig liver. Twelve perfusions were performed including 6 control and 6 with secretin. After 1, 2 and 3 hours from the onset of perfusion the perfusion fluid and bile samples were taken for determination of antipyrine concentration. It was demonstrated that secretin increases the volume of secreted bile, the concentration of antipyrine was decreased and the total amount of antipyrine eliminated with bile remained unchanged. The obtained results refute the hypothesis that antipyrine is secreted into bile in the ductular phase and suggest that this process takes place at the level of biliary canaliculi. PMID- 707146 TI - The constant value of the total concentration of potassium and sodium in tissue water in animals. AB - With age, the Musculus longissimus dorsi in pigs showed an increase in the potassium content and a decrease in the sodium content. The total concentration of potassium and sodium in milimoles in one litre of tissue water, here referred to as the "Sum k", is a constant value. The same mean Sum k had been obtained earlier by Blaxter and Rook for various kinds of tissue in cattle of different age. Approximate mean Sums k were calculated from the water, potassium and sodium contents in the muscles of man and pig at different stages of development, as reported in another publication. The constant character of Sum k was shown to be due to the equal concentration of potassium and sodium ions. This allows to calculate the quantity of water in the tissue from the potassium and sodium ions it contains and the percentage of extracellular or cellular water in total water. A consideration of the relationship between Sum k and osmotic pressure in the tissues proved an absence of concentration symmetry between the cellular and extracellular fluids which Sum k had seemed to suggest. Consequently, the total potassium content was multiplied by the asymmetry coefficient, fK, and then the Sum kc = mM (FKK + Na) per litre of water. From Blaxter and Rook's equation it was calculated that fK = 0.856 and Sum kc 148.8 mM. PMID- 707147 TI - Transducer for arterial and venous blood pressure recording. AB - The construction of a pressure transducer for acute experiments is described. The transducer is intended for direct recording of arterial and venous blood pressure in animals. The characteristics of arterial and venous blood pressure records obtained with a mercury manometer by the classic method and with the transducer are compared. PMID- 707149 TI - [Nicotinic acid derivatives. VIII. Various chemical transformations of 3-cyano-6 phenylpyridine-2-one]. PMID- 707148 TI - Ultrastructure of different types of skeletal muscle fibers of hypokinetic rats. AB - It has been found in the rat that prolonged hypokinesia results in degeneration or atrophy of most of the intermediate fibers, many of the red fibers and only some of the white fibers. PMID- 707150 TI - [Synthesis of imidazoline-2-thiol derivatives with potential tuberculostatic activity. I. Reactions of imidazoline-thiol with some isocyanates and isothiocyanates]. PMID- 707151 TI - [Synthesis of imidazoline-2-thiol derivatives with potential tuberculostatic activity. II. Reactions of S-substituted derivatives of imidazoline-thiol with isocyanates and isothiocyanates]. PMID- 707152 TI - [Piperazine derivatives of dimethylxanthines. VI. Reactions of 1-(beta-gamma epoxypropyl)-8-bromotheobromine with piperazines]. PMID- 707153 TI - [Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 3-(M-iodophenyl)-5-benzylidine deriviatives of 2-thiohydantoin]. PMID- 707154 TI - Isolation of L-leucine from hydrolysate of dry bovine blood by means of sodium beta-naphtalenesulfonate. PMID- 707155 TI - [Kinetics of drug decomposition. III. Kinetics of decomposition of p-aminobenzoic acid and salicylamide in the presence of auxiliary tablet components]. PMID- 707156 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet radiation as a sterilizing agent on synthetic dyes used in Poland for drug coloring. I. Azo dyes--derivatives of sulfanilic acid]. PMID- 707157 TI - [Determination of selenium contaminating various drugs following combustion by the Schoeniger method]. PMID- 707159 TI - [Suspension aerosols. III. Effect of various surface-active agents on aggregation of particles]. PMID- 707158 TI - [Determination of methylsilicone 1000 oil in ointments]. PMID- 707160 TI - [Physico-chemical and rheological studies of inorganic suspensions. III. Adsorption of tensides]. PMID- 707161 TI - [Micobiological purity of aerosols]. PMID- 707162 TI - [Synthesis of HBB analogs with potential antiviral activity]. PMID- 707163 TI - Prognosis of post partum mental disturbance. A prospective study of primiparous women and their 4 1/2-year-old children. AB - Sixty-nine women who had been studied in connection with their first para-natal period were followed up 4 1/2 years later. Information was collected both from the mother (semi-structured interview) and her child (play session). Those 16 mothers who had been severely mentally handicapped during their first post partum period were compared with the others. About half of the women in the handicapped group reported repeated and/or prolonged periods of impaired mental health even during the following years. Further, the women in the handicapped group reported a poor relationship to the partner more often than the others. The same women more often than the others experienced difficulties in adapting to the parental role; e.g. their general attitude towards the child, as estimated by the interviewer, was more often a rejecting one. They were also described more negatively by their children than women that had not been severely handicapped. It is concluded that women mentally disturbed post partum run a high risk of poor mental health even in the future and that in these cases the mother-child relationship may often develop in an unfavourable way. PMID- 707164 TI - Diagnosis of schizophrenic borderline states. AB - The aim of this paper is to contribute to the clinical description of the group of schizophrenic borderline patients. In the first place important clinical features pointed out in older, basic papers will be restated. Secondly, additional observations, not used in clinical practice before, at least not explicitly, are described, data which are believed to be useful for the diagnosis of the states in question as well as for the differential diagnosis from other conditions, neuroses in particular. In the latter regard the following points are considered to be of outstanding importance: the presence or absence of a primary gain; the presence or absence of strivings to obtain an emotional secondary gain; the nature of the interpersonal relationship; the composition of the single symptoms. Pseudonormal, pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic states are characterized. Micro-psychotic and overt psychotic states are described. Clinical differences from schizophrenic psychosis as observed in patients in the nuclear group of the schizophrenias are pointed out. PMID- 707165 TI - EEG immediately after unilateral ECT. AB - EEG was continuously recorded in 15 patients for a period extending from just before to 1/2 hour after unilateral ECT. Fourier analysis was performed on the EEG following 15 right-sided treatments and five left-sided treatments. During the induced seizure, epileptic slow-wave activity had significantly greater power on the treated side. Immediately after the seizure, there was significantly more delta activity and less alpha and beta activity on the treated side. This asymmetry, though becoming less marked, was usually still present at the end of the recording period. Analysis of other variables associated with the treatment showed that there was a significant correlation between the time to eye-opening after ECT and both the duration of the seizure and the amount of anaesthetic administered. The similarity between these induced unilateral seizures and unilateral seizures occurring spontaneously in some epileptics is discussed. PMID- 707166 TI - Prevalence and incidence of mental disorders estimated by a health questionnaire and a psychiatric case register. PMID- 707167 TI - The switch process in manic-depressive illness. Circadian variation in time of switch and sleep and manic ratings before and after switch. AB - Research data collected on 75 Bipolar I patients, hospitalized at the NIMH between 1963 and 1975, were reviewed to identify "switches" into and out of mania. There were 27 "slow" switches (i.e. occurring over a period of 2--6 days) in 14 patients and 89 "rapid" switches (i.e. occurring in 24 hours or less) in 35 patients. No patient showed both "rapid" and "slow" switches during his hospitalization. Among the 89 rapid switches, 52 switches were into mania and 37 were out of mania. Rapid switches into and out of mania occurred significantly more often in the morning (7 a.m. to 3 p.m.) than at night (11 p.m. to 7 a.m.) or in the evening (3 p.m. to 11 p.m.). Estimated average sleep time on the night prior to switch into mania showed a significant drop as compared to sleep time on the second, third and fourth nights prior to switch. Patients who switched into mania at night were rated as significantly more manic during the 4 days following the switch than patients who switched in the morning or evening. Patients who switched into mania at night and evening were rated as sleeping significantly less during the 4 days following the switch than patients who switched in the morning. PMID- 707168 TI - Lumbo-omental shunt for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid--an experimental study in dogs. I. The transport of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar subarachnoid space, studied by 169Yb-DTPA and a gamma camera. AB - Studies using an experimental cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting procedure are presented. By transposing a pedicle graft of the greater omentum to the lumbar subarachnoid space, the CSF absorption of the omentum can be utilized. Monitoring the absorption of intrathecally administration of 169Yb-DTPA by gamma camera sequential pictures 1 to 17 months after the shunt procedure, a rapid transport of radionuclide from the lumbo-omental shunt to the systemic venous blood was demonstrated. PMID- 707169 TI - Dural arteriovenous malformation with false aneurysm and exophthalmos. A successfully treated case. AB - A case of dural arteriovenous malformation with giant non-traumatic false aneurysm in the left middle fossa is reported. A 10-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with pulsating exophthalmos of the left eye, which was successfully treated by ligation of the main feeder and finally by the radical excision of the dural AVM and false aneurysm. False aneurysm of non-traumatic origin is so rare that only two cases were detected in the literature (Reina et al., Sakaki et al.), and no previous case of false aneurysm complicated by dural AVM seems to have been reported. PMID- 707170 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of arrested hydrocephalus. AB - Arrested hydrocephalus probably results from improvement of CSF circulation during growth. Although a generally accepted condition, its mode of onset, its presence in a given patient, and time required to establish the absence of progressive hydrocephalus have not been defined. Five patients are presented with ostensibly arrested hydrocephalus due to: aqueductal stenosis, communicating hydrocephalus, and Dandy-Walker malformation. In a period ranging from 4 to 13 years, they presented clinical signs of decompensation with intracranial hypertension. One had never had a shunt procedure. Another two were performing well in school until they suddenly deteriorated. The diagnosis of arrested hydrocephalus requires close follow-up well into adolescence, with periodical neurological and psychomotor evaluations. Sequential observation of the ventricular size with computed tomography (CT) is recommended. PMID- 707171 TI - Disturbances of the coagulatory system in patients with severe cerebral trauma. I. AB - This is an investigation into thromboplastin time, partial thromboplastin time, plasma thrombin time, fibrinogen, and platelets in 30 patients with severe brain injury over 7--14 days. Platelets showed a very marked initial decrease and a slow return to normal around the seventh day. Fibrinogen was initially lowered in most of the cases, and raised from the second day onward. Changes in the other laboratory values were less definite. Latent signs of consumption coagulopathy were not accompanied by bleeding disorders, or by disseminated intravascular coagulation at autopsy. The severity of laboratory value changes clearly correlated with the extent of brain damage, and was significantly higher when the patient did not survive the first week after injury. PMID- 707172 TI - Duration of the respiratory periods of uniform respiratory rhythms in 35 patients with neurosurgical diseases. AB - Analysis of uniform respiratory rhythms in 35 neurosurgical patients showed that the mean duration of respiratory periods was between 8.60 and 71.51 seconds. The scatter around the mean value increases with the increase of the duration of the respiratory period. For an individual patient there is a one-peak distribution of the duration of respiratory periods. The duration of respiratory periods increases with age. There is a group of patients in whom the respiratory periods last over 40 seconds. This group is difficult to classify. There are no correlations between the acid-base values, blood gas values, and the duration of respiratory periods. Analysis of 10 autopsy cases showed lesions in the brain stem without any particular prevalence. PMID- 707173 TI - Microsurgical treatment of intracranial saccular aneurysms. PMID- 707174 TI - Intracranial direct operation for carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm by unroofing of the optic canal. PMID- 707175 TI - Histological and ultrastructural study of intracranial saccular aneurysmal wall. AB - The material studied consists of 10 cases of intracranial saccular aneurysms. Four came from autopsies, and in each of the other six aneurysmal wall was obtained at surgery after clipping of the aneurysm. The most significant findings from this pathological study are the almost complete disappearance of the internal elastic lamina at the level of the aneurysmal neck, sclerosis of the muscle coat, and in satellite vessels and vasa vasorum disruption of the internal elastic lamina and partial luminal occlusion. The importance of ischaemic changes in the aneurysmal wall is discussed. Rupture of the aneurysm at the distal extremity of the sac depends probably on the progressive brittleness of its wall which becomes sclerotic and less resistant to the blood pressure within. Splitting or rupture of the aneurysm appears to be dependent on degenerative ischaemic alterations in its wall. PMID- 707176 TI - The management and prognosis of gliomas of the optic pathways in children. AB - A follow-up study was made of 24 children with gliomas of the optic pathways. In gliomas restricted to one optic nerve, total excision should be performed. The prognosis is excellent. Radiotherapy is not indicated. In gliomas of the anterior chiasma a biopsy should be taken; occasionally partial removal is indicated. The prognosis is good. Radiotherapy is indicated only if the follow-up shows a progression in the visual signs. In most cases the growth of the tumour seems to be arrested. The vision remains stable, and most patients have a useful degree of vision in at least one eye. In gliomas of the posterior chiasma with hypothalamic signs the prognosis is poor. A biopsy and radiotherapy are indicated. Occasionally, long remissions are seen. PMID- 707177 TI - An evaluation of gliomas of the anterior visual pathways. A 10-year survey. AB - Thirteen cases of the childhood type of optic glioma from a 10-year period were studied. Particular attention was paid to the pre-operative neuro ophthalmological and radiological findings. The patients all underwent explorative craniotomy when biopsy specimens were removed for histopathological study. Post-operative radiotherapy was given in 12 cases. In the follow-up period five patients showed deterioration of visual function, three patients showed unchanged visual function, and one patient showed improved visual function. In the remaining four patients, visual function could not be adequately determined. Three patients died in the course of the follow-up period. Retrospectively it was possible, on a histopathological basis, to divide the patients into three groups. It is suggested that the future management of these patients should consist of explorative craniotomy with diagnostic biopsy. Radiotherapy should be confined to selected cases, as only a minority of optic gliomas are radiosensitive. PMID- 707179 TI - The mode of mitochondrial degeneration in gliomas. AB - Morphologically abnormal mitochondria from human glial tumours are described. For each tumour both the appearances of the mitochondria, and the subsequent mode of degeneration and formation of osmiophilic pigment is characteristic. The significance of these observations is discussed, and it is suggested that the mode of degeneration observed reflects directly a fundamental abnormality in composition compared to normal mitochondria. PMID- 707178 TI - Supratentorial recurrences of gliomas. Results of reoperations on astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. AB - On the basis of our previous investigation regarding histological transformation of recurrent astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas we report the clinical results of reoperations. The present observations deal with 121 cases: grade 1 astrocytomas (45), oligodendrogliomas (12), grade 2 astrocytomas (47), and oligodendrogliomas (17), respectively. In all these a second reoperation was performed in 14 cases. Operative mortality was relatively high, but without significant difference in the two groups of maligancy: 24.5% and 29.6%. Survival times in both groups showed striking individual differences. We achieved post reoperation survivals exceeding one year in 18 and 14 cases, respectively. The results of second reoperations were generally poor. We find no remarkable differences in survival time following reoperations in primary grade 1 and grade 2 tumours. Similarly, malignant change proved to be not decisive for survival times. On the contrary, most of our patients with unchanged grade 1 astrocytomas, reoperated on after a longer interval, achieved a short second survival only. Prolongation of life expectancy by radiotherapy is doubtful. Irradiation seems to be necessary with malignantly transformed tumours if the patient did not have any treatment before reoperation. PMID- 707180 TI - Lumbo-omental shunt for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid--an experimental radionuclide study in dogs. II. Evaluation of transport routes from lumbar subarachnoid space to venous blood. AB - In a series of dogs, the transport routes of intrathecally administered 99Tcm DTPA from an omental graft to the venous blood were studied by scintillation probes placed over the portal and external jugular veins and by blood samples from the inferior vena cava. It was found early in the course of investigation that a rich revascularization frequently occurred between the transplanted omentum and the surrounding muscles. In all dogs, the omental graft was divided, in its muscle tunnel about 5 cm outside the dural sac, 13--19 months after the implantation. Even after this a rapid transport to the venous system of radionuclide could be demonstrated. The revascularization of the graft was also studied morphologically in two dogs means of microangiography. PMID- 707181 TI - Variability of the respiratory phase, respiratory pause, and numbers and durations of respirations during periodic breathing. AB - The analysis of cycles of periodic breathing (Cheyne-Stokes rhythms) in 35 patients showed wide variability of mean values of respiratory phases. The respiratory pauses are usually shorter and the scatter of the mean values is smaller. Only in four cases were respiratory pauses longer than respiratory phases. The duration of the respiratory phase becomes extended through the increase of number of single respirations. The latter also shows a very small scatter. The respiratory rate in 32 out of 35 patients was higher than normal and is to be considered as tachypnoea. PMID- 707182 TI - Propranolol in neurosurgical patients with sinus tachycardia. Cardiovascular effects and mode of use. AB - Cardiac rate (CR) and systolic arterial blood pressure (ABP) response to the intravenous injection of one, two, or three mg propranolol were recorded in 77 patients with traumatic, neoplastic, or haemorrhagic intracranial lesions and sinus tachycardia. In most patients tachycardia occurred with no cause except the intracranial lesion; in the other patients induction of general anaesthesia or surgical procedures on the brain appeared to have an initiating role. A central imbalance, with increased sympathetic cardiotropic influences is suggested and discussed. (I) First administrations of propranolol always reduced CR but had different effects on ABP from case to case; in all the patients 2.05 +/- 0.84 mg of drug lowered CR by 28 +/- 14/min (P less than 0.01), and ABP by 4.7 +/- 11 torr. CR decrease and ABP changes were without relation to the injected dose. Previous digitalization (desacetyllanatoside C) did not modify CR response to propranolol but reduced (P less than 0.05) its arterial hypotensive action. Positive correlations were found between basal CR and CR decrease (P less than 0.01), basal CR and ABP changes (P less than 0.01), CR decrease and ABP changes (P less than 0.05). Halothane appeared to potentiate CR response (P less than 0.01). (II) CR effect was less when the same dose of propranolol was repeated within 90 min (P less than or equal to 0.05). Usefulness and the mode of use of propranolol were critically evaluated. PMID- 707184 TI - [Idiopathic circumscribed calcinosis of the scrotum]. PMID- 707183 TI - The action of sodium nitroprusside on the pial vessels. AB - This study in cats investigates the action of sodium nitroprusside on the pial vessels by systemic and local administration, with an intravital microscopic window technique and a photometric technique for graphic documentation of vessel diameter changes. Intravenous infusion caused vasodilatation parallel with decreasing blood pressure. Pial arterioles dilated more than venules, smaller vessels more than larger ones. Local administration caused maximal dilatation within 5--10 seconds. With blood pressure returning to normal after i.v. therapy, pial vessels remained wider than they were before hypotension at the same pressure level. From these data it is concluded that the substance acts longer on the brain vessels than on vessels elsewhere in the body, and that cerebrovascular autoregulation to blood pressure changes is disturbed during this period. PMID- 707185 TI - [Tertiary syphilitic ulcer of the tongue]. PMID- 707186 TI - [Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum]. PMID- 707187 TI - Internal ear angioarchitectonic of serpents. PMID- 707188 TI - Therapeutics and the elderly. PMID- 707190 TI - Substance use and abuse among the community elderly: the medical aspect. PMID- 707189 TI - Patterns of legal drug use by older Americans. PMID- 707191 TI - Self-image, medicine, and drug use. PMID- 707192 TI - Acute drug reactions among the aged: a research note. PMID- 707193 TI - Alcohol problems in elderly men and women. PMID- 707194 TI - Treatment of the elderly alcoholic in the community and in an institutional setting. PMID- 707195 TI - Beer and social therapy treatment with geriatric psychiatric patient groups. PMID- 707196 TI - Attrition of older alcoholics from treatment. PMID- 707197 TI - Experimental catecholamine-induced acute myocardial necrosis. PMID- 707198 TI - Myocardial membrane lipids in relation to cardiovascular disease. PMID- 707199 TI - Electrophysiological mechanisms for sudden coronary death. PMID- 707200 TI - Early prognostication in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 707201 TI - Sudden coronary death after acute myocardial infarction. Predictive value of data registered in the coronary care unit. PMID- 707202 TI - Mobile coronary care unit and sudden coronary death. PMID- 707203 TI - Drinking water quality and sudden death. Observations from West and East Finland. PMID- 707204 TI - Physical activity and sudden cardiac death. PMID- 707205 TI - Life changes and sudden coronary death. PMID- 707206 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death and the Finnish sauna bath. PMID- 707208 TI - Sudden coronary death and coronary artery disease. PMID- 707207 TI - Significance of morphological changes in sudden coronary death. PMID- 707209 TI - Microsurgery using the stereo-video microscope. PMID- 707210 TI - Computer analysis of 637 patients done with loupe and 102 patients done with microscope. PMID- 707211 TI - Ultrasonic fragmentation for cataract extraction and cataract complications. PMID- 707212 TI - Intraocular lens implants. PMID- 707213 TI - A current perspective on intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 707215 TI - Secondary intra-ocular lens implants--ten years' experience. PMID- 707214 TI - Continous-wear hydrophilic contact lenses versus intraocular lenses. PMID- 707216 TI - Vitreous microsurgery. PMID- 707217 TI - An inexpensive operation microscope made from two common binoculars. PMID- 707219 TI - Non-ophthalmic microsurgery. Introduction. PMID- 707218 TI - Microsurgery in glaucoma. PMID- 707220 TI - The office use of the microscope in otology. PMID- 707221 TI - The choice and care of instruments for oto-microsurgery. PMID- 707222 TI - The microsurgery of brain tumours. PMID- 707223 TI - The microsurgical anatomy of lumbar rachischisis. PMID- 707224 TI - An introduction to microsurgery. (Microscopes and microinstruments). Introduction. PMID- 707225 TI - Replanted upper limbs in Singapore: a report of the first 2 cases. PMID- 707226 TI - Selection and care of microsurgical instruments. PMID- 707227 TI - Design of microsurgical instruments. PMID- 707228 TI - Design, structure and care of microinstruments. PMID- 707229 TI - Instruments for intraocular microsurgery. PMID- 707230 TI - Development in microscope designs. PMID- 707231 TI - The Girard ultrasonic fragmentor. AB - Ultrasonic fragmentation can be used to fragment various tissues such as the lens, the vitreous, the iris and ciliary body, so that they may be aspirated through a 23-gauge cannula. Since the technique was first described in 1973, it has been used in 148 eyes in a variety of conditions with encouraging results. PMID- 707232 TI - The Kloti vitreous stripper. PMID- 707233 TI - Ergonomics and the operating microscope. PMID- 707234 TI - Practical microsurgery. PMID- 707235 TI - Training of registrars with the operating microscope. PMID- 707236 TI - An introduction to microsurgery. (Microscopes and microinstruments). Panel discussion. PMID- 707237 TI - Microsurgery and lacrimal system. AB - Where epiphora results from canalicular obstruction, it is usually possible to cure the patient by reconstructing the canaliculi themselves. Resort to artificial bypass tubes is thus not often necessary. This paper discusses the role of the operating microscope in facilitating reconstruction of the lacrimal canaliculi so that longer segment of obstructed canaliculus can be reopened and more accurate reconstitution of the anatomy achieved. The place of fibre optics is outlined. Easier techniques for repairing lacerated canaliculi are described. PMID- 707239 TI - [About the sexual hygiene of mental retarded boys, an exercise of the sexual pedagogic (author's transl)]. AB - The sexual hygiene of mental retarded boys is examinated. In comparison with normal school boys is pointed out the necessity of sexual pedagogic education. The striking more numerous quote of balanitis in mental retarded boys is discussed with a critical review of Literature about the cleanness of the hands while miction of man, about the cleanness of the inferior abdomen, the cleanness of the pants and the hygiene of the toilet. The conclusion is drawn, that the cleaning of the foreskin has also to be observed by the mental retarded men, boys once a week and youths day by day. PMID- 707238 TI - [The influence of birth-weight to further development of body-weight during childhood and adolescence (author's transl)]. AB - Infants with higher birth-weight produce in further life more frequently an obesity. This also proves right for boys and girls. Sex differences appear not in early childhood but after beginning attendance at school. PMID- 707240 TI - [On the phenomenology of juvenile sexual delinquency and on the phenomenology of juvenile sexual deliquents--child-neuropsychiatric aspects of prevention of deviating sexual behavior. Phenomenology of adolescent sexual delinquency from a social and medical point of view. Prevention of deviant sexual behaviour (author's transl)]. AB - Among manifold causes and conditions there are two essential roots: unfavourable social background and cerebroorganic disturbances. Crime prevention must increasingly concentrate on infancy and youth. Emphasis is laid upon crime preventive possibilities of sex education and the importance of child neuropsychiatry within the framework of complex public measures to combat criminality. PMID- 707241 TI - [On connection between music therapy and music pedagogics during childhood (author's transl)]. AB - In this article is explained, that, in spite of existing communities between music therapy and cooperating remedial education on the one hand and music education on the other, we can separate with regard to the method music therapy as one form of psychotherapy from educational influence. But in practice at therapy of children with psychical disturbances we always must take into considerations the education object in view. PMID- 707242 TI - Factors associated with mortality in older people. AB - A random sample of older people from Edinburgh (215 men and 272 women aged 62--90 years) was examined clinically and by a questionnaire. Various measurements were made. Five years later, mean values of measurements were compared in those who had died and in survivors. Where significant differences occurred, regression techniques were used to separate age and mortality effects. Variables in which death was the predominant independent variable in the regressions were body weight, bi-iliac diameter, FEV1.0, transverse chest diameter, index of kyphosis, leucocyte ascorbic acid and some nutrient intakes in men plus transverse cardiac diameter and leucocyte ascorbic acid in women. Apart from index of kyphosis in men and cardiac diameter in women, mean values were significantly larger in survivors. Dichotomous variables from questionnaire and examination significantly related to mortality were 'possible' ischaemic heart disease in women, diastolic hypertension in men, persistent cough in men and dyspnoea worse than grade 2 in men and women. Cigarette smoking had no mortality effects in this study. PMID- 707243 TI - High-dose steroid therapy of intracranial tumour in the elderly. AB - Twenty elderly patients with intracranial tumour were treated with high-dose steroids (beta- or dexamethasone 12--16 mg per day). Six of eight patients with primary intracranial malignancies and four of six with metastatic tumours showed a definite response of conscious level and/or neurological deficit. One of two patients with lymphoma responded but neither of two with meningioma. Six patients were able to return home. Two patients suffered serious, and three minor, side effects attributable to steroid therapy, but this treatment has a definite place in the management of intracranial tumour in old age. PMID- 707244 TI - Are potassium supplements for the elderly necessary? AB - Plasma and total-body potassium (TBK) were measured in 19 elderly patients receiving diuretics and potassium supplements for cardiac failure and in 13 elderly controls. The mean value for the ratio of TBK to fat-free mass (TBK:FFM) was significantly reduced in the patient group. TBK:FFM showed a negative correlation with age but no correlation with plasma potassium or dose of supplements. When controls and patients were matched for sex and age decade, the mean TBK:FFM was decreased significantly in the diuretic group, giving a mean potassium deficit of 13.3%. These results suggest that ageing influences potassium status, and that diuretics and cardiac failure have a greater effect on TBK in old age than in youth or middle age. PMID- 707245 TI - Psychosocial factors in elderly patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. AB - Over a three-year period, 204 consecutive patients admitted to a psychiatric unit for the elderly were studied and their progress was followed for a further two years. For three-quarters, it was their first ever admission to such a unit. More than half were suffering from a functional psychiatric disorder. In 35.8% a life stress was of aetiological importance. 27.9% were discharged to their own homes, 31.9% into care and 35.3% died. 17.6% were admitted on at least one further occasion. Male sex, age over 75 and the presence of organic psychiatric disorders were associated with an unfavourable outcome. Age under 75, married civil status and functional psychiatric disorder were associated with a favourable outcome. Re admission was common amongst females who were admitted with a diagnosis of psychotic depression, and discharged to their own homes. A life stress including a loss of physical health in the year preceding admission did not adversely affect outcome. At a time of life when many losses are experienced and physical powers are reduced, the elderly seem remarkably resilient and able to work through the crisis which has brought about their admission. PMID- 707246 TI - Renal handling of sodium in old people: a functional study. PMID- 707247 TI - Role of paramedical personnels in ophthalmic services (screeing clinic) at Ramathibodi Hospital. PMID- 707248 TI - [Intercellular communication in the lens (author's transl)]. PMID- 707249 TI - [A number of unreasonable ideas in traditional theories pertaining to myopia, derived from a common logical mistake (author's transl)]. PMID- 707250 TI - [Further studies of the pathogenesis of the retinal edema due to a retained vitreous iron fragment. Part 2. Morphological observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 707251 TI - [Studies on critical pressure in glaucoma--estimation during diurnal variation of IOP and visual field at selected points (author's transl)]. PMID- 707252 TI - [Clinical studies on fundus changes and hemodynamics in degenerative myopes (author's transl)]. PMID- 707253 TI - The avocational pursuits of rehabilitants with traumatic quadriplegia. AB - The pre- and post-disability avocational pursuits of 35 persons with traumatic quadriplegia were surveyed in terms of frequency of participation and enjoyment of activities. The patterns delineated suggested the need for improved avocational training programs, particularly in the cognitive and social spheres. PMID- 707255 TI - The returning therapist: a group approach. AB - Career patterns of married female occupational therapists create a need for reactivation mechanisms to help nonpracticing therapists reenter the work force. As a channel for reactivation activities, a group was designed for such therapists and it met regularly for three years focusing on: 1. refresher education to regain clinical skills and confidence, and 2. peer support for the decisions involved in combining employment with family responsibilities. Some group members participated in organizing continuing education opportunities and many became involved in such experiences prior to resuming careers as occupational therapists. PMID- 707254 TI - Sequential advancing flexion retention attachment: a locking device for the wrist driven flexor hinge splint. AB - The Sequential Advancing Flexion Retention Attachment (SAFRA) was developed for cervical spinal cord-injured patients with a muscle grade of poor to fair in the wrist extensors. It is used on a standard wrist-driven flexor hinge hand splint with adjustable tenodesis bar. Through the development of the SAFRA, maintained prehension can be obtained without externally powered devices such as CO2 or electrically powered orthoses. The patient's increased functional abilities are discussed and advantages summarized. PMID- 707256 TI - Short opponens hand orthosis. PMID- 707257 TI - Comments on issues in education. PMID- 707258 TI - Hematological changes in normal men during prolonged severe exercise. PMID- 707259 TI - Cardiorespiratory adaptation of an obese individual. PMID- 707260 TI - The effects of rhythmic exercise on the range of motion in older adults. PMID- 707261 TI - Cognition and gross motor performance in ESN children. PMID- 707262 TI - From the clinic: anti-pressure cushion for the knees. PMID- 707263 TI - What is the air quality index? PMID- 707264 TI - Injuries in short track asphalt racing. AB - Stock car racing is a popular activity. Although spectators are seldom injured, drivers at short asphalt tracks often sustain minor injuries. The neck and the knee are the most commonly injured areas. Rigid safety requirements are essential and help to prevent serious injuries. Severe injuries occur on an average of once a year, but no fatalities have been recorded at one short track that has been studied for a six-year period. PMID- 707265 TI - The routine sexual history. AB - A routine, practiced and comfortable sexual history can elicit problems of personal adjustment. This format fits smoothly and logically into the rest of the medical history. It includes a numerical rating of personal satisfaction and the perceived satisfaction of the partner. On another occasion, similar questions are answered by the partner and the responses are assessed. Information and simple counseling are then provided and can be of significant help in the relationship. PMID- 707266 TI - Ventricular septal defect due to myocardial infarction. AB - This dramatic and ominous complication usually occurs between the third and 14th day after acute myocardial infarction. The size of the defect varies from a pinhole to 4 cm. The sudden appearance of a loud systolic murmur, with or without a thrill, is often accompanied by rapid hemodynamic deterioration. This event must be differentiated from rupture of a papillary muscle with mitral regurgitation. If intensive medical treatment is ineffective, an attempt at surgical repair is indicated. PMID- 707267 TI - The benefits of surgery for asymptomatic gallstones. AB - The risk of a patient developing complications of asymptomatic cholelithiasis is high enough to justify the mortality associated with prophylactic cholecystectomy. The operation effectively stops the progression of calculous biliary tract disease. If performed when the patient is young enough and healthy enough to tolerate the operation, and before the occurrence of complications which increase the mortality risk, the overall mortality and morbidity of calculous biliary tract disease could be significantly reduced. PMID- 707269 TI - Sources of prescribing information. PMID- 707270 TI - "Gastric stapling" helps obese patients reduce. PMID- 707268 TI - Ocular emergencies. PMID- 707271 TI - Hypnosis is valuable in child treatment when used cautiously. PMID- 707273 TI - Saccharin and cyclamate. PMID- 707272 TI - National health insurance. PMID- 707274 TI - The FDA: studies and more studies. PMID- 707275 TI - The kidney and pregnancy. AB - Many clinical parameters and biochemical values normally change as a result of the profound effect of pregnancy on the kidney. These changes include hydronephrosis, decreased BUN and uric acid, proteinuria and glycosuria (70 percent one time), frequency, nocturia, edema (80 percent) and reductions in blood pressure. "Normal is abnormal." A BUN of 20 mg. percent is the equivalent of 40 mg. percent in a nonpregnant woman, and a blood pressure of 120/80 in the 24th week of preganancy may be hypertensive. PMID- 707277 TI - Pain research highlights. PMID- 707276 TI - Statistics aside: the human element of pain. PMID- 707278 TI - Patient needs come first at Hillhaven Hospice. Pharmacy services essential for pain control. PMID- 707279 TI - Shattering myths about hospice care. PMID- 707280 TI - Pharmacy by the bay. PMID- 707281 TI - Deflating hospital economics. PMID- 707282 TI - Cost containment: recent history. PMID- 707283 TI - Pain. Reducing the lowest common human denominator. PMID- 707284 TI - Relation of graded exercise test findings after myocardial infarction to extent of coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 707285 TI - Correlation of electrocardiographic and pathologic findings in healed myocardial infarction. AB - A correlative study in 50 cases of healed myocardial infarction compared the 12 lead electrocardiogram with pathologic observations. The electrocardiogram was interpreted according to established Minnesota codes with some modifications. The following conclusions were reached: (1) The electrocardiogram underestimates the extent of myocardial infarction. (2) When a healed myocardial infarct at a specific location is recognized with electrocardiographic criteria, it is likely that there are unrecognized infarcts involving other areas of the left ventricle. (3) Infarctions involving the lateral and inferobasal areas are frequently unrecognized. (4) The electrocardiogram is more likely to miss myocardial infarcts in patients with multiple, than in those with single, electrocardiographically diagnosed infarcts. (5) Apical myocardial infarction does not appear to have specific electrocardiographic findings, other than those related to general infarct localization by electrocardiogram, particularly in patients with anteroseptal or anterolateral infarction. (6) Abnormal Q waves, generally thought to indicate transmural myocardial infarction, are frequently found in subendocardial infarction. (7) The simplified electrocardiographic classification of myocardial infarct site (anteroseptal, inferior, anterolateral) used in this study is preferable to more detailed classifications previously suggested by others. PMID- 707286 TI - Effect of catheter position on the initiation of atrial echoes with atrial pacing and premature stimulation in patients with accessory pathways. AB - Eleven patients with an accessory pathway and reciprocating tachycardia were studied using both fixed rate atrial pacing and the atrial extrastimulus technique. Six of the patients had an accessory pathway that conducted in both the anterograde and retrograde direction; but the effective refractory period of their accessory pathway in the anterograde direction was relatively long and was greater than the longest coupling intervals that initiated atrial echoes. Five patients had an accessory pathway that conducted only in the retrograde direction. The extrastimulus technique could be used with stimulation sites near to and remote from the accessory pathway in 10 of the 11 patients. Atrial echoes were initiated by a single atrial extrastimulus at both sites in 7 of the 10 patients, and in each patient the upper limit of the echo zone was longer with stimulation at the site near the accessory pathway. In the other three patients atrial echoes were initiated only during stimulation at the site near the accessory pathway because either atrial refractoriness or atrioventricular nodal refractoriness was encountered before the echo zone was entered during stimulation at the site remote from the accessory pathway. Differences in the longest cycle length that initiated an atrial echo during fixed rate atrial pacing were similarly demonstrated in three patients. In these three patients, pacing at the site near the accessory pathway initiated echoes at a longer cycle length than pacing at the site remote from the accessory pathway. In three other patients the electrophysiologic characteristics of atrioventricular conduction prevented a demonstration of these differences. Catheter position is an important variable in the initiation of atrial echoes in patients with accessory pathways. PMID- 707287 TI - Stress myocardial imaging in mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome. AB - Mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome has been associated with anginal chest pain, atypical chest pain, electrocardiographic abnormalities and positive stress electrocardiograms. These features overlap those of ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, coronary artery disease is frequently associated with mitral leaflet prolapse. This study evaluated the usefulness of stress myocardial scintigraphy in distinguishing these two disorders. Thirty-two patients with an angiographic diagnosis of mitral leaflet prolapse were studied. Of the 22 patients (8 men and 14 women, mean age 48 years) with a normal coronary arteriogram, 5 had "typical" angina pectoris, 6 had resting electrocardiographic abnormalities and 6 had a positive stress electrocardiogram; all 22 patients had a normal stress myocardial scintigram. Of the 10 patients (7 men and 3 women, mean age 55 years) with at least 70 percent stenosis of one coronary artery, 6 had "typical" angina pectoris, 1 had resting electrocardiographic abnormalities and 7 had a positive stress electrocardiogram. Nine of these 10 patients had one or more demonstrable perfusion defects on stress myocardial scintigrams. It is concluded that mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome is not associated with regional myocardial ischemia as demonstrated with stress scintigraphy, and that stress scintigraphy, a noninvasive technique, is useful in distinguishing the mitral prolapse syndrome from mitral prolapse associated with coronary artery disease. PMID- 707288 TI - Noninvasive assessment of coronary stenoses by myocardial imaging during pharmacologic coronary vasodilatation. III. Clinical trial. PMID- 707289 TI - Assessment of coronary stenoses with myocardial perfusion imaging during pharmacologic coronary vasodilatation. IV. Limits of detection of stenosis with idealized experimental cross-sectional myocardial imaging. AB - Because atherosclerosis may be reversible, a routine noninvasive screening test for the reliable diagnosis of mild coronary arterial lesions would allow potential prevention of coronary events in specific patients through intensive dietary management, drug therapy and physical training. To determine the minimal coronary stenosis detectable with myocardial perfusion imaging techniques, standardized stenoses ranging from 31.4 to 72.5 percent diameter narrowing were applied to the left circumflex coronary artery of 12 open chest dogs. Indium-113m labeled human albumin microspheres were injected into the left atrium under control conditions and technetium-99m human albumin microspheres during maximal coronary vasodilatation induced with intravenous dipyridamole. Hearts were removed, sliced into 1 cm thick cross sections and imaged under a gamma camera. The results demonstrate that 40 percent diameter coronary stenoses can be identified by imaging relative subendocardial underperfusion during pharmacologic coronary vasodilatation. An imaging technique sensitive enough to identify mild coronary lesions for diagnostic screening purposes requires (1) a potent stimulus for coronary vasodilatation, such as intravenous dipyridamole; (2) an imaging agent taken up by the myocardium in proportion to coronary flow at flow rates up to four or more times resting coronary flow so that differences in regional maximal flows caused by mild stenoses can be identified; and (3) cross-sectional tomographic myocardial imaging to visualize relative endocardial-epicardial perfusion, the most sensitive indicator of the hemodynamic effects of coronary stenoses, and to exclude from the imaging field the interfering activity of lung, background and overlying heart structures. PMID- 707290 TI - Origin of so-called right and left ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial ischemia. AB - The anatomic origin of ventricular arrhythmias occurring immediately after coronary arterial ligation was studied in 32 dogs. The electrocardiogram and seven single or composite bipolar electrograms were recorded from various sites within and surrounding the ischemic area in the left and right ventricles. Delay and fragmentation in the activation of the epicardial ischemic zone of the left ventricle, bridging diastole, preceded the appearance of ventricular arrhythmias and were continuous during the rhythm disorders. So-called left and right ventricular arrhythmias were associated with similar delay and fragmentation in left ventricular ischemic epicardial activity. Multiple and simultaneous activation of both the right and left ventricles produced ventricular fusion premature complexes. Multiple exit points increased before ventricular fibrillation occurred. The ultimate origin of premature ectopic impulse formation in the ventricles is not necessarily related to one or more exit points in either ventricle. Ischemic damage to the heart produces ventricular arrhythmias that appear to originate from both ventricles. The site of origin of ventricular arrhythmias should not be the sole factor in assessing the benign or malignant properties of the arrhythmia. PMID- 707291 TI - Effect of stenotic dimensions and blood flow on the hemodynamic significance of model coronary arterial stenoses. PMID- 707292 TI - Truncal or aortic valve stenosis in functionally single arterial trunk. A clinical, hemodynamic and pathologic study of six cases. AB - Stenosis of the semilunar valve in the presence of a functionally single arterial trunk is uncommon. Three patients with truncus arteriosus, two with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia and one with pulmonary atresia and intact septum were diagnosed as having stenosis of the truncal or aortic valve on the basis of clinical, echocardiographic, hemodynamic and angiocardiographic findings. Echocardiograms consistently showed multiple diastolic closure lines and abnormal semilunar valves in addition to the aortic override in five patients and hypoplastic right ventricle in the patient with pulmonary atresia and intact septum. Peak systolic gradients between the left ventricle and truncus (or aorta) at cardiac catheterization ranged from 20 to 47 mm Hg. Retrograde aortography confirmed a domed and stenotic semilunar valve. Cyanosis was progressive in the three patients with pulmonary atresia. Two patients had arterial anastomosis, and one had a right ventricle-pulmonary arterial graft in addition to aortic valvotomy. One of the three patients with truncus arteriosus underwent complete repair in addition to truncal valvotomy but he died in the post-operative period. The other two patients with truncus arteriosus died of intractable congestive cardiac failure before surgical intervention. It is suggested that the presence of semilunar valve stenosis in these patients adversely affects the prognosis. The myocardium is already jeopardized as a result of hypoxia in pulmonary atresia and left ventricular diastolic overload in patients with truncus arteriosus. The added burden of semilunar valve stenosis may further compromise the functional status of the myocardium. PMID- 707293 TI - Estimation of pulmonary/systemic resistance ratios from echocardiographic systolic time intervals in young patients with congenital or acquired heard disease. AB - Previous work has shown the positive correlation of echocardiographic right ventricular preejection period/right ventricular ejection time ratio (RPEP/RVET) with pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure obtained at cardiac catheterization. However, the correlation was insufficient to predict pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure or vascular resistance from a given RPEP/RVET ratio. In this study the RPEP/RVET ratio was compared with left ventricular preejection period/ejection time ratio (LVEP/LVET) in 25 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, and a strong correlation was found between the ratio (RPEP/RVET)/(LPEP/LVET) = R/L and the ratio of pulmonary arteriolar resistance/systemic arteriolar resistance (PAR/RS), especially when R/L was correlated with log10 PAR/RS (r = 0.902). A very high correlation (r = 0.960) was found between R/L and log10 PAR/RS when the group was restricted to patients with a ventricular septal defect or a complete endocardial cushion defect. Regression equations for prediction of PAR/RS have been derived for the various groups. PMID- 707294 TI - Isoproterenol as a potential pulmonary vasodilator in primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 707296 TI - Spectrum of regular tachycardias with wide QRS complexes in patients with accessory atrioventricular pathways. PMID- 707295 TI - Effect of afterload reduction on plasma volume during acute heart failure. AB - Previous investigations in our unit indicated that acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is associated not only with an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure but also with a relative increase in colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure and peripheral hemoglobin concentration. This combination of changes suggested that acute congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema, unlike chronic congestive heart failure, is associated with a contraction of intravascular blood volume. In this study, plasma volume changes were measured before and during the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in 14 patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease. The plasma volume measurement in all 14 patients before the initiation of treatment was either normal or decreased. After treatment with the alpha adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine, the plasma volume increased rather than decreased when measured 4 and 12 hours after the initiation of treatment. During this time colloid osmotic pressure and peripheral hemoglobin concentration progressively decreased. These findings suggest that acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is associated with the extravasation of large quantities of plasma water from the intravascular compartment into the interstitial compartment and contraction of the intravascular plasma volume. The treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is associated with the return of hypo-oncotic fluid from the interstitial compartment back into the intravascular compartment with expansion of plasma volume and reduction of colloid osmotic pressure and hemoglobin concentration. PMID- 707297 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of large left atrial tumor and extracardiac tumor compressing the left atrium. Limitation of M mode echocardiography in distinguishing the two lesions. AB - A case of a left atrial fibrosarcoma arising from the posterior left atrial wall and two cases of an extracardiac tumor compressing the left atrium were studied with M mode and cross-sectional echocardiography. In all three cases, M mode echocardiography revealed a mass of echoes just behind the aorta and did not distinguish a left atrial from an extracardiac tumor. By contrast, cross sectional echocardiography allowed direct visualization of the location, size and movement of the tumor in all three cases and contributed to distinguishing the two lesions. This study indicates that cross-sectional echocardiography is more accurate than M mode echocardiography in the differential diagnosis of a large left atrial tumor and extracardiac tumor compressing the left atrium. PMID- 707298 TI - Hemodynamic pattern resembling pericardial constriction after acute inferior myocardial infarction with right ventricular infarction. AB - Two patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock are presented. Cardiac catheterization 2 and 7 days after infarction, respectively, revealed a hemodynamic pattern resembling constrictive pericarditis. Right coronary occlusion proximal to the right ventricular marginal branches was present in both patients. Resolution of the constrictive hemodynamic pattern was demonstrated in the one survivor at repeat catheterization 7 weeks after infarction. The mechanism for constrictive hemodynamics in these patients is unclear. PMID- 707299 TI - Fortuitous rupture of aortic aneurysm: a catastrophic event affording time for surgical cure. AB - The rupture of an aortic aneurysm is generally a fatal event, but occasionally the rupture will occur into an adjacent vascular structure, thereby preventing exsanguination and affording temporary survival. Three cases are presented illustrating the fortuitous nature of the rupture of an aortic aneurysm into a vascular structure. The first patient had an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm that ruptured into the inferior vena cava and was successfully repaired. The second case demonstrates the formation of a fistula from the aorta to the left pulmonary artery in a patient with a syphilitic thoracic aortic aneurysm. In the third patient a dissecting aneurysm of the aortic root that communicated with the right ventricle after coronary bypass surgery was successfully repaired. Rarely, aortic aneurysms will rupture fortuitously into vascular capacitance structures. These three cases emphasize the need for early accurate diagnosis and the institution of appropriate surgical measures. PMID- 707300 TI - Location of myocardial infarcts: a confusion of terms and definitions. PMID- 707302 TI - Echocardiographic estimation of peak left ventricular pressure in aortic stenosis. PMID- 707301 TI - Cardiac catheterization and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. PMID- 707303 TI - Echocardiographic patterns of prosthetic valve malfunction. PMID- 707304 TI - Optimal electrocardiography. PMID- 707305 TI - Effects of estrogen on human seminiferous tubules: light and electron microscopic analysis. AB - Morphological features of testes from four subjects after long-term treatment with ethinyl-estradiol (1--2 mg daily) and from five non-treated patients with prostatic carcinoma were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The non-treated seminiferous tubules contained spermatagonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa, and Sertoli cells and showed no apparent morphologic abnormalities. On the other hand, the estrogen-treated testicular tissue contained only Sertoli cells and very few spermatogonia within the seminiferous tubules. The nuclei of Sertoli cells occasionally contained two nucleoli. The nucleolar complex was composed of a fine granular spherical body surrounded by a large granular, reticular network. The cytoplasm of the Sertoli cell contained osmiophilic lipid-like bodies. These lipid-like bodies appeared more pronounced in patients treated with higher doses of estrogen, suggesting a diminution of secretion of Sertoli cell hormone. Blebbing from the outer nuclear membrane appeared to have formed numerous vesicles in the cytoplasm. These vesicles usually contained several membrane-bound granular bodies. In the estrogen-treated testes, there was a marked increase in thickness and infolding of the basement membrane. Two unusual patterns of the basement membrane were observed: one appeared to be a reticular anastomosis, the other, an electron-dense trilayer. The morphological picture of seminiferous tubules from the estrogen-treated subjects appeared to correlate well with the suppressed plasma and testicular levels of testesterone, the undetectable circulating gonadotrophins, and the elevated plasma and testicular levels of estradiol-17 beta reported by Rodriguez Rigau et al. ('77). PMID- 707306 TI - Induced ovulation, development of the corpus luteum, and tubal transport in the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). AB - Ovulatory pattern, development of the corpus luteum (CL), and early tubal transport are described for 6 unmated and 19 mated striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) killed after known copulation times. Ovulation is induced by copulation and occurs around 42 hours (range = 40--50 hours) after first insemination. Seventeen of 19 females killed between 36 hours and 19 days postcoitus had ovulated. Two females killed at 36 hours had not ovulated; however, their follicles showed preovulatory changes and were significantly larger (p less than 0.01) than those of unmated females. Six unmated females, killed during and three weeks after the normal breeding season, had not ovulated. Ovarian events, such as preovulatory changes, ovulation, and development of the corpus luteum (CL), are described for animals killed 36 hours to 19 days post-coitus. Maximum CL size occurred at 11 days post-coitus and coincided with the onset of embryonic migration and enlargement. Embryonic development reflected individual variation in ovulation times. The first polar body was extruded at ovulation and the second at fertilization. Pronuclear stages were predominant at 42 to 48 hours and 3 to 8 cell stages at 72 to 96 hours; morulae (containing up to 95 cells) entered the uterus at seven days. Blastocysts were observed first at 11 days when embryonic spacing and enlargement began. Implantation occurred by 19 days. PMID- 707307 TI - The basilar membrane of the bat, Pteronotus p. parnellii. AB - The basilar membrane of Pteronotus p. parnellii was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy in order to examine the relationship of membrane structure to the sharply tuned sense of hearing in this bat. The basilar membrane was found to differ from those of other mammals and other bats by showing virtually no change in width except at the extreme ends. Thickenings of the pars pectinata and pars tecta are well developed in Pteronotus; they show no sudden changes in their dimensions and in this way differ from the thickenings found in the European horseshoe bat whose sharply tuned sense of hearing seems at least partially dependent on sudden, marked changes in the structure of the basilar membrane. In Pteronotus the greater part of the basilar membrane, 7.5 mm or approximately 58%, lies within the enormous basal turn and within this turn there are steeply banked curves and one small 0.5-mm region where the membrane is straight. The straight portion is associated with a region of the cochlea where there is a marked change in the density of nerve fibers and where the stria vascularis, spiral ligament and fluid-filled spaces of the ear are enlarged. PMID- 707308 TI - Development of type I cells of the rabbit subclavian glomera (aortic bodies): a light, fluorescence and electron microscopic study. AB - The embryogenesis of the subclavian glomera (aortic bodies) is controversial. Past investigators have attributed the development of the Type I cells to mesodermal and/or neural elements. Based on the results of the present light microscopic, fluorescence histochemical and electron microscopic study of rabbit aortic bodies from 16 days of gestation (term:31 days) to four days postpartum, it appears that the Type I glomus cell are derived from cells of neural crest origin. The subclavian anlage is associated with cells of neural crest origin. The subclavian glomus anlage is associated with cells of vagal origin throughout its development. Evidence of Type I cell development from pre-existing mesodermal condensations is not observed. Type I cells exhibit formaldehyde-induced fluorescence by the twentieth day of gestation. Dense-cored cytoplasmic vesicles are apparent by the sixteenth day of gestation. The number of cytoplasmic vesicles increases steadily, but the greatest increase of vesicles is observed between the twenty-eighth day of gestation and birth. Primitive Type I glomus cells exhibit abundant polysomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum indicative of synthetic activity. Nerve terminals are apparent adjacent to Type I cells by the twentieth day of gestation, but synaptogenesis does not occur until sometime between the twenty-fourth and twenty-eighth days of gestation. Abundant vascularity, characteristic of chemosensory glomera, is not achieved until the twenty-eighth day of gestation. PMID- 707309 TI - Occurrence of catecholamine-containing specific granules in the venous endothelia of carp. AB - The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique and the argentaffin reaction with ultra-thin sections were applied to the vessels of carp to demonstrate the presence of a catecholamine. After formaldehyde gas treatment for 30 minutes at 50 degrees C, the venous endothelia emitted a greenish-yellow fluorescence suggesting the presence of a primary catecholamine. In the endothelial cells of veins, the specific granules, consisting predominantly of spherical granules with a diameter of about 0.3 micrometer, showed heavily to moderately positive argentaffin reaction. Granules also occurred in the endothelial cells of arteries. However, these granules stained weakly or not at all with ammoniacal silver solution. It is concluded that the specific endothelial granules in veins of carp contain a primary catecholamine. PMID- 707310 TI - The neurohypophyseal capillary bed. II. Specializations within median eminence. AB - Vascular casts of the pituitary gland, median eminence and hypothalamus from several mammalian species were examined by scanning electron microscopy. These observations were correlated with light microscopic studies of injected, cleared median eminence-pituitary specimens and with light microscopic examination of serial sections of injected hypothalamic, median eminence, and pituitary specimens employing reflected lighting or epi-illumination. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to study long portal vessels on the ventral surface of the rat median eminence. In each of the species examined, the median eminence (infundibular) capillary bed is subdivided into an external and an internal plexus. The external plexus (the neurohemal contact zone) receives an arterial supply from the superior hypophyseal arteries and is continuous with the capillary bed of the infundibular stem and process. Egress from the external plexus is possible via three vascular routes: (a) by fenestrated portal vessels and capillaries to the adenohypophysis, (b) by capillary connections to the medial basilar hypothalamus and, (c) by internal plexus capillaries to the ependyma of the median eminence. Median eminence vasculature is structurally organized to deliver (1) hypothalamic and neurohypophyseal peptides to the glandular pituitary via portal vessels, (2) hypothalamic and pituitary secretions to the medial basilar hypothalamus via capillaries, and (3) hypothalamic and pituitary secretions to distant brain sites through cerebrospinal fluid via ventricular and subarachnoid routes. PMID- 707312 TI - Spermatogonial intercellular bridges in whole-mounted seminiferous tubules from normal and irradiated rodent testes. AB - Whole-mounted seminiferous tubules from normal and irradiated rodent testes were examined by light microscopy. These studies reveal the presence of intercellular bridges in all classes of spermatogonia except for the new As stem cells. It was demonstrated that As stem cells divide to produce new As spermatogonia or paired daughter cells that are united by a cytoplasmic bridge. Evidence was given that all subsequent progeny of these paired A's up to and including the production of type B spermatogonia remain linked by cytoplasmic bridges in increasingly larger and more complex syncytial networks. It is proposed that the intercellular bridges mediate both differentiation and degeneration of spermatogonia. The maintenance of synchronous development within cohorts of spermatogonia is attributed to the bridges. Moreover, the fact that spermatogonia in both normal and irradiated testes degenerate in clusters is determined by the presence of intercellular bridges. Lastly, the integrity of the bridges appears essential for normal germ cell development. PMID- 707311 TI - Investigations on the turnover of adrenocortical mitochondria. X. A correlated biochemical stereological study of the effects of chronic treatment with chloramphenicol on the mitochondria of the rat zona fasciculata. AB - The effects of chloramphenicol (CAP) on rat adrenocortical cells were investigated by biochemical and stereological methods. It was found that administering 50mg/kg of CAP every 12 hours provoked a persistent inhibition of the incorporation of 3H-leucine into mitochondrial proteins. Chronic treatment (up to 15 consecutive days) with this dose of CAP induced a significant decrease in the volume of the mitochondrial compartment, in the surface area of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes and in the number of mitochondria per cell. These results confirm the hypothesis that the ACTH-induced maintenance of adrenocortical mitochondrial growth requires continuous mitochondrial DNA dependent protein synthesis. PMID- 707313 TI - Localization of vitamin A-storing cells in the mouse adrenal gland: an electron microscopic autoradiographic study. AB - Radioactive vitamin A acetate was stored in specific cells in the mouse adrenal gland. Radioactivity was detected in lipid droplets of fibroblast-like cells, whose distribution was from the capsule to the medulla. Their population was highest in the cortex. The morphology of these labeled cells was similar to that of vitamin A-storing cells in other organs of mouse (Yamada and Hirosawa, '76). Though functions of these cells are obscure, the fact that they are found in organs where metabolic activity of vitamin A is high suggests that they bear some role in the metabolism and storage of the vitamin. PMID- 707314 TI - Epidermal migration during the healing of suction blisters in rat skin: a scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. AB - Fluid-filled blisters, created on the skin of the inner surface of the pinna of heparinized rats by the application of suction, showed an intact basal lamina through which protruded hairs and remnants of hair follicles. The origin of epithelial cells and their spreading over the basal lamina were studied at intervals over 36 hours using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The majority of epidermal cells arose from the outer root sheath of hair follicles and began to spread radially before 12 hours. By 36 hours the cells were confluent over most of the blister base. Inflammatory cells were few in number and rested mainly on the bare basal lamina rather than on the resurfacing cells. Some elongated epidermal cells showing tapering foot processes appeared to be migrating in from the epidermis at the edge of the blisters. The cells spreading from hair follicles were flat and polygonal. On these sheets of cells a few small folds and many filopodia were present at intercellular junctions and at the free margin of the leading cells. Large numbers of short microvilli covered the surface of some of the epidermal cells, especially at 24 and 36 hours; other epidermal cells were relatively smooth. PMID- 707315 TI - Ultrastructural identification of afferent fibers of cardiac origin in thoracic sympathetic nerves in the dog. AB - While cardiac afferent nerve activity has been recorded from the ventrolateral (VLCN) and ventromedial (VMCN) cardiac nerves, left dorsal and ventral ansae subclaviae, and left upper thoracic white rami communicantes, little anatomical evidence for the existence of afferent fibers in these nerves has been reported. This study was designed to characterize the normal ultrastructure of the above nerves and to identify afferent fibers in them through Wallerian degeneration produced by dorsal root ganglionectomy. Laminectomies followed by dorsal root ganglionectomies were performed on left thoracic roots T1-T4 in six mongrel dogs. The nerves to be examined were removed from two animals at 1, 2, and 3 weeks following ganglionectomy and prepared for electron microscopy. Control nerves were obtained from two normal dogs. Degenerating nonmyelinated fibers were characterized by watery axoplasm containing clumps of electron-dense material. Degenerating myelinated fibers were distinguished by the separation of their myelin lamellae, producing characteristic whorls. After three weeks, afferent nonmyelinated axons had degenerated in all nerves, leaving only layered processes of Schwann cells in these areas. Approximately 5-15% of the fibers in each nerve degenerated, indicating their afferent nature. Of these fibers, 85-90% were nonmyelinated C fibers and the remainder myelinated Adelta fibers. These results indicate participation of both Adelta fibers and a large population of C fibers in transmission of cardiac afferent activity. PMID- 707316 TI - Structure of the chicken's inner ear: SEM and TEM study. AB - The inner ears of 35 adult chickens were studied by TEM, SEM and light microscopy. Two well differentiated hair cell/nerve ending units were present: tall hair cells with small vesiculated nerve endings were located on the attached part of the basilar membrane; short hair cells with large vesiculated nerve endings were located on the free basilar membrane except for the distal tip. In this respect the chicken ear is similar to that of the pigeon. The chickens examined did have some unique features. Sensory cells of lenticular and hemispheric shape were also present at the proximal end. Bundles of long dense tubules were seen frequently within the sensory cell cytoplasm. Kinocilia were absent from the hair bundles of many of the sensory cells. The internal structure of the kinocilia which were present was atypical and consisted of a variable number of doublets. Eight peripheral plus one central doublet were found most frequently. PMID- 707317 TI - The fine structure of the ventricular surface of the area postrema of the cat, with particular reference to supraependymal structures. AB - The ependymal surface of the feline area postrema (AP) has been examined with the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Particular attention was paid to the distribution and structure of supraependymal (SE) cells which have not been described before on this organ. A population of SE cells was found consistently on the cat AP; they were grouped most frequently toward the caudal aspect of the organ. Their structure bears a great resemblance to that of macrophages, containing: (1) many small apical vacuoles, (2) numerous lysosomes, and (3) phagosome-like bodies. Arrays of microvillous tufts and also singly-occurring microvilli are features of the unciliated ependymal surface of the organ. Tufts are often found in very close proximity to superficial blood vessels which are characteristically surrounded by large perivascular spaces. PMID- 707318 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the kidney glomerular epithelium after treatment with polycations in situ and in vitro. AB - Changes in fine structure of glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) were examined after treatment in situ and in vitro with polycations (i.e., protamine sulfate and poly-1-lysine). Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations indicate that polycation-induced alterations of the glomerular epithelium are similar in many respects to those resulting from puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis. These alterations include the formation of junctional complexes between adjacent podocyte processes, flattening and retraction of podocyte processes, extensive folding of the slit diaphragms, formation of interpedicular microbridges, and development of irregular knobby surface microprojections. Prolonged treatment in vitro with high concentrations of polycations results in nearly complete loss of podocyte processes and the transformation of these once elaborate cells into simple polyhedral cells. The foregoing observations support the view that pedicel loss in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis may be due to a reduction in the glomerular epithelial polyanionic sialic acid surface coat. PMID- 707319 TI - The role of lymphoid cells in bone resorption: cellular immunological competence in ia rats. PMID- 707320 TI - Development of the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the cat: an electron microscopic study. PMID- 707321 TI - Cytodifferentiation of secretory cells in the sublingual gland of the prenatal rat: a histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study. PMID- 707322 TI - The structure and innervation of cat knee menisci, and their relation to a "sensory hypothesis" of meniscal function. AB - Previous work on dog knee menisci demonstrated structural differences between the meniscal horns and the meniscal bodies (O'Connor, '76). Of particular interest was the observation that the meniscal horns possessed an abundant blood and nerve supply, while the meniscal bodies did not. The presence of nerves in the meniscal horns prompted the speculation that menisci might perform a sensory function. The present study was undertaken in order to establish whether or not similar regional differences existed in cat knee menisci, structures previously believed to lack a corpuscular mechanoreceptor system (Freeman and Wyke, '67). Differences between the meniscal horns and meniscal bodies similar to those reported in the dog were found to characterize cat knee menisci. In particular, the meniscal horns possessed a rich neurovascular supply, while the meniscal bodies did not. Most important, at least two morphologically different mechano-receptors were identified in the meniscal horns, but none were identified in the meniscal bodies. PMID- 707323 TI - Sites of cerebrovascular injury induced by radiographic contrast media. AB - The object of this study was to determine the type of cerebral vessel affected by injection of radiopaque contrast agents used in cerebral angiography. Seventeen rabbits were prepared surgically for a left intracarotid injection of methylglucamine iothalamate (Conray 60) or methylglucamine diatrizoate (Reno-M 60). Extravasations of the tracers, Evans blue and horseradish peroxidase, occurred in the left half of the brain and occasionally in the right half. Within those areas of blood-brain barrier breakdown, the frequency of leakage was 60% for arterioles, 25% for venules, and 12% for capillaries. The leakage appeared to be primarily intercellular, rather than intracellular. This study provides evidence that greater blood-brain barrier alterations occur in arterioles and venules than in capillaries following cerebral angiography. PMID- 707324 TI - Programmable calculators in the field assessment of nutritional status. AB - Programmable electronic calculators can be used for many purposes in field studies in which anthropometric evidence of nutritional state is being collected. One of their most interesting uses is the rapid conversion of anthropometric measurements into percentages of the standard. Coefficients are given for such calculations for height, weight, and arm circumference. PMID- 707325 TI - Plasma tocopherol levels and tocopherol-lipid relationships in a normal population of children as compared to healthy adults. PMID- 707326 TI - A study of caffeine in tea. I. A new spectrophotometric micro-method. II. Concentration of caffeine in various strengths, brands, blends, and types of teas. AB - A new spectrophotometric micro-method for the determination of caffeine in tea is described. This method is then used to evaluate the caffeine content of a variety of brands and blends of bagged and loose hot tea prepared in different strengths and by different brewing methods. In addition, the caffeine content of instant tea, ice tea, and Mr. Coffee automatic tea is evaluated. PMID- 707327 TI - Serum vitamin B12 levels and vitamin B12-binding proteins of serum and saliva of healthy Nigerians and Europeans. PMID- 707328 TI - Principles of essential amino acid therapy in uremia. PMID- 707329 TI - Principles of keto acid therapy in uremia. PMID- 707330 TI - Metabolic studies with keto acids in uremia. AB - The utilization of a preparation containing the keto analogues of five essential amino acids was evaluated by nitrogen balance studies in five uremic patients receiving an 18 g protein diet. In all five patients the nitrogen balance improved when the diet was supplemented with ketoacids, becoming positive in three cases, and about zero in one case. In two cases the improvement in nitrogen utilization occurred without a prior period of adaptation with the protein-poor diet. The nitrogen balance was negative in two cases when reinvestigated after about 7 weeks, but one of these cases had a slight infection at the time of the study. PMID- 707331 TI - Comparison of the effects of keto acid analogues and essential amino acids on nitrogen homeostasis in uremic patients on moderately protein-restricted diets. AB - Comparisons of isonitrogenous supplements (1.2 g N) of essential amino acids and five keto acid analogues with four essential amino acids were made in seven patients with stable chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance, 4.6 to 16 ml/min) on moderately protein-restricted diets (4.60 to 7.8 g N per day). Full nitrogen balance data on the four patients who have already completed studies lasting 24 weeks are presented. No benefits of keto acid over amino acid supplements were observed. Two transient episodes of hypercalcemia occurred during keto acid treatment. There was no improvement of renal function with keto acids. Also, no carry-over effects were seen after keto acid treatment. It is concluded that any beneficial effects of keto acids in patients with chronic renal failure are only likely to occur in those taking a diet of less than 30 g protein daily. PMID- 707332 TI - Metabolic studies with keto acid diets. AB - Five patients with chronic renal failure taking a diet containing approximately 5 g N throughout were studied during two periods of 1 month each. Nitrogen balance, urea metabolism, and incorporation of 15N from urea into albumin on diet alone or with a keto acid/essential amino acid supplement were measured. Keto acids produced a reduction of plasma urea, urea synthesis, and urea excretion and an improvement in nitrogen balance. In patients who demonstrated the greatest change on ketoacids, 15N incorporation also increased, but their total incorporation of urea nitrogen was not nearly sufficient to account for the improvement in nitrogen balance. The role of keto acids in protein anabolism is not solely or even mainly explained by promotion of nonprotein nitrogen reutilization. PMID- 707333 TI - Evaluation of essential amino acids and keto acids in uremic patients on low protein diet. AB - The effectiveness of a mixture of five analogues of essential amino acids and the remaining four essential amino acids as compared to a preceeding treatment period of the nine essential amino acids was evaluated in 16 chronic uremic patients fed a low-protein diet. During amino acid analogues supplementation, there was a tendency for blood urea nitrogen to fall whereas creatinine did not change. Serum phosphate decreased in most patients, whereas serum calcium rose in some subjects. Protein metabolism, as judged by serum transferrin, Clq, C3c, total complement activity, was improved. Furthermore, the concentrations of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein, which are elevated in uremia, showed a further increase that might favor a vitamin A intoxication. PMID- 707334 TI - Therapy with essential amino acids and their nitrogen-free analogues in severe renal failure. AB - The effects of therapy with essential amino acids and their nitrogen-free hydroxy and keto precursers on nitrogen and amino acid metabolism of patients with chronic renal failure were examined. Data obtained under treatment with essential amino acids and alpha-keto acid analogues showed higher levels of plasma amino acids, C3-complement, and transferrin than with a low-protein diet alone. Nitrogen balance became positive and plasma urea levels fell. With keto acid analogue therapy, these effects could be obtained with a reduced nitrogen intake. Supplementation of a low protein diet with alpha-hydroxy acid analogues was associated with more positive nitrogen balance and a rise in plasma histidine and methionine. However, plasma levels of three other essential amino acids fell. PMID- 707335 TI - Nitrogen balance in uremic patients on different amino acid and keto acid formulations--a proposed reference pattern. AB - Nitrogen balance was studied in 12 uremic patients given nitrogen intakes in varying formulations, either solely as amino acids or as keto acid and amino acid mixtures. It was shown that of the three formulas studied, the one that was most effective in promoting positive balance was the one having threonine as reference unit, with a relatively high tyrosine intake and lower methionine content, and histidine in the proportions found in human milk and in the egg pattern. Also, in all instances in which an amino acid formulation caused a deviation in nitrogen balance, the same effect was obtained with formulations containing keto acids. However, the effect with the keto acids was less pronounced. PMID- 707336 TI - The effects of calorie and essential amino acid supplementation on plasma proteins in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 707337 TI - Treatment of argininosuccinic aciduria with keto analogues of essential amino acids. PMID- 707338 TI - Protein requirements in maintenance hemodialysis. AB - Protein requirements in maintenance hemodialysis patients are still unclear. Based on nitrogen balance studies and different analyses of protein and amino acid metabolism, the recommendations until recently were 1 g/kg of body weight, primarily of high biological value protein. According to the results of controlled long-term studies the 1 g recommendation now seems too low. The paper reports on the results of a controlled study undertaken to define protein requirements. The effect of supplementation with a special protein mixture is studied on the basis of 1 g of protein per kilogram of body weight intake and about 20 hr standard dialysis per week. The results suggest that 1.2 g of protein per kilogram of body weight primarily of high biological value protein and 35 kcal/kg of body weight should be prescribed for dialysis patients. In case of complications (bleeding, infection, and other stress situations) additional supplements are necessary. PMID- 707339 TI - Influence of essential amino acids and keto acids on protein metabolism and anemia of patients on intermittent hemodialysis. AB - Ten patients were treated with 10 g/day of essential amino acids orally; nine patients received 9.5 g/day of a mixture of essential amino acids (lysine, threonine, tryprophan, histidine, and tyrosine) and keto analogues of isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, and methionine. A control group of 11 patients received no supplementation. All patients were on a liberal food intake amounting to 1 g of protein per kilogram of body weight and 31 kcal/kg of body weight daily. Before and 3 months after the beginning of the supplementation, the following parameters were measured: amino acids, albumin, transferrin, urea and creatinine concentrations in plasma, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in blood. None of these parameters was altered by either treatment. It is concluded that supplementation with essential amino acids or their keto analogues is ineffective in well-nourished dialysis patients. PMID- 707340 TI - Hormonal and metabolic responses to intravenous glucose in children on regular hemodialysis. AB - Blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, amino acids, immunoreactive insulin, growth hormone, and immunoreactive glucagon responses to intravenous glucose were determined in 16 children on regular hemodialysis for chronic renal failure and nine healthy children. In the patients the fractional disappearance rate of glucose was significantly reduced, basal immunoreactive insulin was significantly raised, and while the early immunoreactive insulin response to glucose was similar in patients and controls, the late response was increased. Basal growth hormone was elevated in the patients and rose paradoxically following glucose. Fasting immunoreactive glucagon was significantly higher in the patients and was not suppressed by glucose. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels were lower in the patients and fell more markedly after glucose. Alanine levels, which were significantly raised in those with poor glucose tolerance, fell to normal after glucose and did not vary in those with more normal glucose tolerance. It is speculated that the metabolic and hormonal alterations may be interrelated and result from failure of normal glucose utilization. PMID- 707341 TI - The metabolic effects of hemodialysis with and without glucose in the dialysate. AB - The present study compares some of the metabolic effects of hemodialysis of fasting patients with and without glucose in the dialysate bath. Unlike glucose dialysis, glucose-free dialysis caused marked decreases in blood levels of glucose, insulin, lactate, and pyruvate along with profound increases in acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. It is concluded that oxidation of fatty acids increases to meet energy demands and that the combined processes of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis serve to prevent critical hypoglycemia during glucose-free dialysis. PMID- 707342 TI - Insulin and growth hormone secretion in dialyzed children: influence of dietary manipulation. AB - The insulin and growth hormone responses to arginine and the growth hormone response to insulin were studied in 10 children undergoing chronic hemodialysis 1) under usual dietary prescription and 2) after 7 days of dietary manipulation (DM) decreasing mean carbohydrate intake from 48 to 36% and increasing lipid intake from 42 to 54% (percent of total energy) with the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio being increased from 0.2 to 2. Mean fasting insulin and growth hormone were significantly decreased after DM: 10.3 +/ 3 muunits/ml and 19.9 +/- 3.5 ng/ml before and 4.3 +/- 0.8 muunits/ml and 9.3 +/ 2.4 ng/ml after DM. The mean arginine-induced insulin peak and the growth hormone peaks after arginine and insulin remained very high after DM. There was no decrease of mean plasma triglycerides: 214 +/- 30 mg/dl before and 237 +/- 26 mg/dl after DM. However, two children who had the greatest decrease in carbohydrate intake exhibited a decrease of triglycerides and of arginine-induced insulin secretion. The percent variation of insulin area after DM was significantly correlated with the percent variation of plasma triglycerides. PMID- 707343 TI - Relationship of plasma lipids to renal function and length of time on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - Significant hypertriglyceridemia, the most common lipid abnormality in renal failure, first occurs when the creatinine clearance falls to 50 ml/min. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia continues to rise as creatinine clearance falls further with the highest rate developing at a creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min. Hypertriglyceridemia is correlated with plasma glucagon levels but not growth hormone or insulin. Plasma cholesterol values remain normal in the face of deteriorating renal function and show no correlation with any of the hormones measured. Although all three hormones became elevated as renal function diminished, none were directly correlated with glomerular filtration rate. There was a distinct decrease in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia after 5 years of maintenance hemodialysis therapy. Plasma growth hormone and glucagon through an effect on plasma triglyceride and plasma insulin by effecting plasma cholesterol may play a role in this decline of hyperlipidemia with duration of hemodialysis. PMID- 707344 TI - Effect of acetate administration on blood lipids. AB - An infusion of 180 mEq sodium acetate was given to nine dialysis patients and eight normal volunteers simulating the transfer of acetate that occurs during 30 min of rapid hemodialysis. While serum acetate concentrations had almost normalized 15 min after the end of infusion, there was no increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In this short-term study, acetate does not appear to be a major contributing factor for the hyperlipidemia of dialysis patients. PMID- 707345 TI - Comparison of acetate-1-14C metabolism in uremic and nonuremic dogs. AB - Acetate-1-14C was infused into six anephric uremic and six anephric nonuremic dogs during a 4-hr hemodialysis against a standard acetate containing (39.5 mM) dialysis solution. Arterial acetate (nonradioactive) levels achieved a steady state by the end of dialysis indicating that the maximum rate of acetate metabolism had not been exceeded. The mean arterial acetate level at the end of dialysis was 2.6 mM in both groups of dogs. Acetate disappearance after the cessation of dialysis followed first order kinetics with a mean half-life of 3.8 +/- 0.5 min in the uremic and 3.7 +/- 0.5 min in the nonuremic dogs. Most of the infused acetate-1-14C was metabolized to 14CO2 within 8 hr after dialysis. An average of 84 and 71% of the infused acetate-1-14C was metabolized to 14CO2 in the uremic and nonuremic dogs, respectively. Small but significant amounts of radioactivity were incorporated into lipids of plasma and other tissues. Incorporation of radioactivity into total lipids of liver, omental fat, and sciatic nerve was significantly greater in the uremic as compared to the nonuremic dogs. Incorporation of radioactivity into total lipids of heart, aorta, and plasma was the same in both groups of dogs. PMID- 707346 TI - Reduction in hyperlipidemia in hemodialysis patients treated with charcoal and oxidized starch (oxystarch). AB - A combination of two oral sorbents, oxystarch 35 g/day plus activated charcoal 35 g/day, was administered to four patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis during thrice weekly and once weekly treatments. Patients tolerated oxystarch and charcoal without complaint during the 4-week period of thrice weekly hemodialyses. All four patients became clinically uremic when hemodialyses were reduced to once weekly and only two patients were able to continue through the end of this 4-week period. Mean serum cholesterol concentration diminished significantly from 200 mg/dl during control periods to 140 mg/dl after each 4 week trial of sorbents (P less than 0.02). Hypertriglyceridemia (range 181 to 543 mg/dl) was corrected in three of four patients with triglyceride values falling to less than 150 mg/dl during ingestion of sorbents (P less than 0.05). Activated charcoal, which is inert as an intestinal nitrogen binding sorbent, may lower serum lipids by direct intragut binding of lipids and bile acids. The potential use of oral charcoal in long-term therapy to reduce hyperlipidemia and prevent vascular accidents due to atherosclerosis requires additional study. PMID- 707347 TI - Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 707348 TI - Kinetics of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with acute renal failure. PMID- 707349 TI - Effect of vitamin D on growth in experimental uremia. AB - Acceleration of growth of uremic children after administration of vitamin D has been demonstrated by various authors. This has been attributed to healing of skeletal lesions. Clinical observations suggest that vitamin D has also an effect on food intake perhaps associated with improvement of vitality. This could be confirmed in an experimental study in which uremic rats (subtotal nephrectomy) with and without vitamin D supplementation were compared with sham-operated pair fed control rats with and without vitamin D supplementation. In uremic animals supplemented with vitamin D, weight gain and growth were significantly greater than in uremic animals on the control diet. Both with and without vitamin D supplements, weight gain and growth rate were greater in sham-operated pair-fed control than in the corresponding uremic animals. Histological abnormalities in the growth zone of uremic rats were markedly reduced by vitamin D. Since food intake was greater in vitamin D-treated uremic animals than in nonvitamin D treated uremic animals, the increase in growth rate under vitamin D cannot be attributed exclusively to the skeletal effects of vitamin D. This study demonstrates important extraskeletal actions of vitamin D which may be associated with or causally related to the improvement of growth. PMID- 707350 TI - Plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate levels and clinical correlations in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - Plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) was measured by a specific method in 45 stable, chronic hemodialysis patients and 13 normal adults. Despite oral pyridoxine supplements (1 to 5 mg/day) a majority (64%) of patients had low levels. The difference between normals (8.5 +/- 3.7 ng/ml) and dialysis patients (3.6 +/- 3.6 ng/ml) was significant at P less than 0.01. Plasma PLP appeared to decrease with increasing duration of time on dialysis therapy. In vivo clearance studies as well as pre- and postdialysis plasma levels indicated that PLP was not removed by the dialyzer. Mean plasma PLP levels were normal in patients with stable motor nerve conduction velocity and a low transfusion requirement and low in those with decreasing motor nerve conduction velocity or a high transfusion requirement but the difference between the means in each group was not statistically significant. High oral doses of pyridoxine (100 to 200 mg/day) but not low doses (1 to 5 mg/day) restored PLP levels to normal in a majority of patients after 2 weeks. PMID- 707351 TI - Serial measurement of total body potassium in chronic renal disease. PMID- 707352 TI - Zinc and the sodium pump in uremia. AB - A defect in sodium transport is known to exist in the leucocytes of uremic patients. Recent work has shown changes in cation flux rates associated with alterations of extracellular zinc concentration. As plasma zinc is known to be low in uremia, the possibility that this might be the cause of the defect in membrane transport was investigated. Plasma zinc was shown to be lower in uremic patients than in normal controls but this was not matched by alterations in leucocyte zinc content. Leucocytes from normal subjects and from patients with uremia have similar increases in the sodium efflux rate constant when exposed to elevated extracellular zinc concentrations. However, the abnormality in leucocyte sodium transport in uremia was not completely corrected by elevation of the extracellular zinc, when compared with normal cells in the same zinc concentrations. Although extracellular zinc is a factor that must be controlled in studies of cellular membrane transport, a low plasma zinc is not the explanation for the defect of sodium transport seen in uremia. PMID- 707353 TI - Hypogeusia and zinc depletion in chronic dialysis patients. AB - Dialysis patients generally have a poor appetite, do not enjoy eating, and complain of food, particularly protein, as being disagreeable. Twenty dialysis patients with the above symptoms were tested for taste acuity, serum zinc (Zn), Zn concentrations in hair samples (intracellular Zn), and daily caloric intake. A double-blind, cross-over study was instituted using a Zn supplement and a placebo. After supplementation with Zn, taste acuity markedly improved in 95% of patients and Zn concentrations in hair increased in 85% of patients. The patients' appetites were improved; the average caloric intake increased by 675 kcal/day, and intolerance to protein diminished. In addition 10 normal control subjects were studied pre- and post-Zn supplementation for fasting blood glucose, serum Zn levels, and hair Zn concentration. Side effects were noted, and these usually correlated with elevated serum Zn levels and were minimized or disappeared with decrease in dosage or cessation of therapy. PMID- 707354 TI - Sodium versus sodium-fluid restriction in hemodialysis: control of weight gains and blood pressures. PMID- 707355 TI - Amino acid content of erythrocytes in uremia. AB - The amino acid content of plasma and erythrocytes in patients with severe renal failure (serum creatinine less than 8 mg/100 ml) treated with selective low protein diets, in patients on regular hemodialysis, and in a control group of healthy subjects were studied. Most amino acids in erythrocytes of the patients showed the same changes as in plasma with the exception of histidine, serine, and alanine. In spite of low histidine plasma levels, the erythrocytes level is increased as compared with healthy controls. In uremic patients the plasma serine was constantly reduced whereas the serine content of the erythrocytes did not differ from healthy controls. Alanine concentrations in the erythrocytes of uremic patients were increased in spite of normal alanine plasma levels. This finding may be due to the increased glycolytic ratio of red cells from uremic subjects delivering more pyruvate for transmination to alanine. In the control group the cysteine content of erythrocytes was decreased with a gradient between plasma and erythrocytes of 3.5:1. The same gradient could be observed in uremic patients in spite of the elevation in their plasma cysteine levels by a factor of 2.7 compared with controls. The low cysteine levels in erythrocytes may be due to loss of cysteine for glutathione synthesis in red cells. High glutathione levels in the erythrocytes of uremic patients support this hypothesis. PMID- 707356 TI - Dietary fiber sources for human studies. AB - Some precautions in choosing fiber materials for feeding studies are listed. A food grade wheat bran of defined composition is described. PMID- 707357 TI - Dietary fiber: analysis and food sources. AB - The sources of dietary fiber are reviewed and the chemistry of the various components discussed in relation to their possible physiological properties and their analytical measurement in foods and the diet as a whole. Complete fractionation of all the polysaccharide species would be a time-consuming exercise; nevertheless some characterization of dietary fiber seems essential to an understanding of any physiological role. The composition of the dietary fiber in a range of foodstuffs is presented, and the relative contributions of the major food groups to the intake of total dietary fiber is outlined. PMID- 707358 TI - Cellulose digesting bacteria from human feces. AB - Anaerobic, gram-negative, nonsporing rod-shaped bacteria that digest wet ballmilled filter paper have been isolated in numbers of over 10(8) per gram wet weight of feces, about 0.3% of total viable bacteria, from feces of two humans. Significant numbers of cellulolytic bacteria were not detected in four other humans. One of the strains is a Bacteroides sp., which only slowly digests cellulose and produces succinate, acetate, and H2 in carbohydrate fermentation. PMID- 707360 TI - Dietary fibers: their definition and nutritional properties. AB - Fiber is a variable material with respect to its nutritional qualities depending upon its composition and physical properties. Biological properties possessed by one type of fiber might not be shared by another type. Separate methods are required to describe quantity, composition, and quality of fiber in foods. Fibers can be generally classified into three groups: vegetable fibers, which are highly fermentable with low indigestible residue; brans, which are less fermentable; and chemically purified fibers such as wood cellulose, which are relatively unfermentable. A class of soluble substances including pectins and gums may not be true fibers, but are considered part of the dietary fiber complex because of the similar effects they can elicit in the diet. A major need is the replacement of the crude fiber method, the present official method, which is seriously defective. Since crude fiber values are erratic and poorly related to the true fiber value of food, a second major need is the reanalysis of all foodstuffs by appropriate methods and the replacement of standard tables of food composition. Accomplishment of these purposes will require more support and promotion than is presently being received. PMID- 707359 TI - Fecal flora in different populations, with special reference to diet. AB - Although potent antimicrobial agents may effect rapid and significant changes in fecal microflora, changes in diet or dietary supplements usually produce modest changes by comparison. It may be, however, that even such minor changes may result in significant changes in metabolic activity, particularly in terms of production of possible carcinogens or cocarcinogens. It is clear that significant changes may occur in metabolic activity without major qualitative or quantitative changes in the fecal microflora. Other research that might help explain the epidemiological observations of the association between diet and colon cancer would be studies of the flora at different levels of the gastrointestinal tract (particularly the cecum and small bowel), studies of the mucosa-associated flora at different levels, and long-term dietary studies. PMID- 707361 TI - Fecal flora of volunteers on controlled diets. AB - Ten volunteers completed a 4-month diet series consisting of a control diet, a meatless diet, a high-beef diet, and the same control diet, each lasting 1 month. Fat and fiber contents were essentially the same in all four diets, but protein content was doubled during the high-beef diet. High-beef protein consumption had little effect on the composition of the intestinal flora of the volunteers. There were no significant differences detween the high-beef and meatless diets in total numbers of anaerobic, facultative, or aerobic organisms isolated, nor were there major differences in the counts of the individual genera and species of bacteria encountered. The data indicate that animal protein consumption has little effect on the fecal bacterial profile in humans. The possible influence of animal fat consumption on the metabolic activities of intestinal bacteria is discussed. PMID- 707362 TI - Bacterial ecology in the small intestine. AB - A modified intubation method allowed collection of samples of human small intestinal contents with no contamination from other intestinal sites and with no exposure to air. Use of the method has disclosed strains resembling Haemophilus as among the most abundant bacteria in the small intestine of some subjects. Stimulation by bile and rapid growth under conditions simulating the natural habitat suggest that it is well adapted to upper intestinal conditions. PMID- 707363 TI - Degradation of polysaccharides by intestinal bacterial enzymes. AB - Polysaccharides with structures resembling components of dietary fiber were fermented by a number of species of anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. Some strains also fermented glycoprotein mucins. The strains that fermented the widest range of polysaccharide substrates were in the two genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Polysaccharide degrading enzymes from several Bacteroides species have been studied, and in most cases the enzyme activities were cell bound rather than extracellular. In all cases, the polysaccharide degrading enzymes were inducible rather than constitutive. Thus the metabolic activity of the flora could be altered considerably by the amount and type of fiber in the diet, even though the composition of the flora itself remained unchanged. The products of enzyme action included monosaccharides and oligosaccharides of varying chain lengths. PMID- 707364 TI - Factors involved in colonization of the gut epithelial surface. AB - Some indigenous microbes form climax communities on gastrointestinal epithelial surfaces during succession in animals of many types. Most communities form in mucous layers on the surfaces, where some microbes in the communities may utilize the mucin as a source of carbon and energy. The mucous gel may also serve physically to stabilize the community. Some microbial types that colonize early during succession may serve, perhaps synergistically with dietary components, to lower the oxygen tension and oxidation-reduction potential so that oxygen intolerant anaerobes can colonize the epithelial surfaces. Microbes in the communities may adhere to the epithelial surface; the mechanisms by which they adhere may depend upon a variety of factors, including the type of epithelium and the rate of flow of lumenal contents in the areas. Dietary fiber may influence the composition of these communities by providing nutrients for the microbes or altering their environmental conditions including peristaltic rate, mucous concentration and composition, and oxygen tension and oxidation-reduction potential. PMID- 707365 TI - Stability of human fecal flora. AB - Recent experimental studies show that neither increased dietary fiber nor its absence alters the numbers and major groups of fecal bacteria. Although the total number of bacteria per gram of feces remains constant, the daily fecal mass doubles with added dietary fiber and is halved in its absence. Thus, the total output of fecal bacteria is related to dietary fiber. PMID- 707366 TI - Fiber and the development of gastrointestinal function. AB - Dietary lipid represents a major calorie source for the developing infant, yet dietary lipid absorption is relatively inefficient by adult standard. Recent studies are presented, indicating that the developmentally related improvement in lipid absorption observed in the preterm and fullterm infant relate to the maintenance of an intact intraluminal phase and completion of the enterohepatic circulation for bile salts. Critical issues including the absorption of nonpolar vitamins, iron, and the type of dietary lipid are discussed. The possible influence of the introduction of dietary fiber to the food of the developing infant is examined, and areas for future investigation are discussed. PMID- 707367 TI - Dietary fiber, bowel habits, and colonic function. AB - Bowel habits have different characteristics, and frequency, amount, and consistency of stools should be recorded in any study, including those on the effects of dietary fiber. Several studies suggest that addition of fiber to the diet reduces long and prolongs short transit time and increases water content of the stool. Conflicting data are difficult to reconcile, and mechanisms remain unknown. PMID- 707368 TI - Physiological implications of microbial digestion in the large intestine of mammals: relation to dietary factors. AB - The rate of digesta marker passage through the large intestine of the dog, pig, and pony correlated with the relative length and degree of sacculation of the colon. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), the end products of microbial digestion of all forms of carbohydrate, were the major anions present in large intestinal contents of all three species. Total VFA concentration was little affected by the feeding of high-versus low-fiber diets. VFA were rapidly transported across colonic mucosa of all three species. Results of comparative studies indicate that production and absorption of VFA are important to the nutrition of some mammals and to the normal secretory and absorptive functions of the large intestine of most mammals. PMID- 707369 TI - Effect of dietary fiber on intestinal gas production and small bowel transit time in man. AB - The influence of dietary fiber on intestinal gas production and on small bowel transit time was studied in eight healthy subjects using breath H2 excretion as an indicator of colonic gas production. Hydrogen excretion following ingestion of bran was substantially less than that following ingestion of lactulose, a nonabsorbable fermentable sugar. Likewise, human fecal homogenates produced only about 10% as much H2 and CO2 during incubation with bran as with glucose or lactulose. Thus, the polysaccharides in bran appear to be relatively poor substrate for colonic bacterial gas production, and reported gas-related symptoms after bran ingestion may be due to some other mechanism. The small bowel transit time of bran was greater than that of lactulose; however, addition of bran to lactulose did not slow lactulose transit. PMID- 707370 TI - Influence of dietary fiber on trace element balance. AB - Five adult male volunteers were fed a diet containing (as percent of calories) 16% protein, 40% fat, and 44% carbohydrate, a diet similar to that consumed by many American males. Twenty-six grams of soft white wheat bran or corn bran were added to the daily bread, and the effects on zinc, iron, and copper balance were assessed during the last 12 days of each 30-day study period. The soft white wheat bran appeared to decrease retention of zinc in four subjects but not significantly so. Iron retention was similar in all three treatments. Copper balance was improved by addition of soft white wheat bran and to a lesser degree by corn bran. An apparent copper requirement of 1.28 mg/day for the volunteers was calculated by regression analysis. PMID- 707371 TI - Modification of stool content by increased bran intake. AB - Six healthy subjects, four males and two females, were studied for 8 weeks with daily dietary history, 72-hr weekly stool collections, and analysis of stool specimens for fecal weight, water, pH, and total aerobic and anaerobic qualitative and quantitative bacteria. Subjects were studied first for a 3-week control period, followed by 3 weeks of 5.4 g of crude fiber supplementation daily (Kellogg's "All Bran"), and then by a 2-week control period. Analysis of diets revealed that the mean intake of crude fiber rose to at least 10 g/day, and stool volume increased significantly during the high-fiber intake. The stools remained at the same pH, and the same percentages of water and solids were present durin- control and high-fiber-intake periods. Bacteriological analysis revealed no significant differences in qualitative or quantitative counts; however, the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic organisms appeared to increase. PMID- 707372 TI - Coronary heart disease mortality among Seventh-Day Adventists with differing dietary habits: a preliminary report. AB - Seventh-Day Adventists (SDAs) are a conservative religious denomination who abstain from tobacco and alcohol; approximately one-half follow a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. In this 6-year prospective study of 24,044 California SDAs age 35 and over, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates for ages 35 to 64 and 65+ are 28% and 50% respectively, of the rates for the same age groups of the total California population. This reduced risk of CHD mortality among SDAs is partially due to abstinence from smoking; however, at least half the low risk among SDAs is likely attributable to other characteristics of the SDA lifestyle. The risk of fatal CHD among nonvegetarian SDA males, ages 35 to 64, is three times greater than vegetarian SDA males of comparable age (P less than 0.01), suggesting that the SDA diet may account for a large share of their low risk. This differential was much smaller for older SDA males and SDA females. Although the differential in risk of fatal CHD for male nonvegetarians versus vegetarians may be partially accounted for by other CHD risk factors, which are more frequent among nonvegetarians, a significant differential persists after adjustment for each of six other CHD risk factors. PMID- 707373 TI - Bile acid metabolism and fiber. AB - Studies in experimental animals and in humans have shown a definite interaction of dietary fiber with bile acid metabolism. In experimental animals, some types of fiber have been shown to increase bile acid excretion as well as increase pool size and turnover of bile acids. In man, increases in bile acid excretion have been observed but not consistently. Alternations in excretion and biliary bile acid levels indicate an influence of dietary fiber in bile acid metabolism. In vitro experiments have attempted to determine the nature of the fiber-bile acid interaction. Some types of fiber and some components of fiber have been shown to bind bile acids and bile salts in appreciable quantities. The capacity for various types of fiber to bind bile acids or bile salts is quite variable, and a high capacity seems to correspond with a hypocholesteremic effect. A great deal of research is still needed for elucidation of these interactions of fiber and bile acid metabolism and the resultant beneficial effects on cholesterol metabolism and the disease-related abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 707374 TI - Dietary fiber and cholesterol metabolism in rabbits and rats. AB - Rabbits fed semipurified diets have elevated plasma cholesterol levels, and they oxidize [26-14C]cholesterol to expired 14CO2 more slowly than rabbits on a natural ingredient diet. Addition of several different types of fibrous material to a semipurified diet failed to prevent the hypercholesterolemic response. Rats on semipurified diets also oxidized [26-14C]cholesterol more slowly and tended to have somewhat higher plasma cholesterol levels than rats on commercial feed. Cholesterol oxidation was not stimulated by addition of fibrous materials to the semipurified diet, but rats fed a semipurified diet containing raw potato starch oxidized cholesterol at a rate comparable to that of rats on commercial diet. Raw potato starch was poorly digested by the rats. Cooked potato starch was well digested and failed to stimulate the rate of oxidation of cholesterol. A semipurified diet containing raw potato starch did not produce a hypercholesterolemic response in rabbits, even though the raw starch was well digested. PMID- 707375 TI - Dietary fiber and lymphatic absorption of cholesterol in the rat. AB - The indirect effects of short-term (3-day) feeding of several types of dietary fiber and nonnutritive materials on the subsequent absorption of cholesterol has been investigated in thoracic duct cannulated rats. Absorption was studied at timed intervals over 24 hr after duodenal introduction of a tracer dose of cholesterol at least 20 hr after the last feeding. In animals fed for 3 days with diets containing cholestryamine, bran, or cellulose, cholesterol absorption was significantly less than in control animals maintained on rat chow. Rats fed for 3 days with an alfalfa-containing diet showed large variations in cholesterol absorption that were not significantly different from controls. However, after 5 weeks, rats on the alfalfa diet showed a marked reduction in lymphatic absorption of the tracer sterol. These indirect effects of cholestryamine and fibers on cholesterol absorption were not attributable to a common mechanism; i.e., differences in transit times that were not significant, or dirrect binding of bile acids and cholesterol by the test materials. PMID- 707376 TI - Diet and cell growth modulation by ammonia. AB - Fiber is not digested by endogenous enzymes but is fermented by microbes principally in the large intestine. With fermentable energy available, microbes synthesize protein by using ammonia released by their enzymes from urea and other nitrogenous substances in ingesta and intestinal secretions. Fibber fermentation also yields fatty acids that lower the concentration of free ammonia by lowering pH. Fiber increases bulk and water of intestinal contents, shortens transit time, and decreases the concentration of toxic substances in contact with the intestinal mucosa. These processes decrease duration and intensity of exposure of the intestinal mucosa to free ammonia, the form of nitrogen that is most toxic and most readily absorbed by cells. At concentrations found in the lower bowel on usual Western diets, ammonia destroys cells, alters nucleic acid synthesis, increases intestinal mucosal cell mass, increases virus infections, favors growth of cancerous cells over noncancerous cells in tissue culture, and increases virus infections. Ammonia in the bowel increases as protein intake increases. The attributes of ammonia and the epidemiological evidence comparing populations that maintain low intakes of unrefined carbohydrate with those that consume high intakes of protein, fat, and refined carbohydrates implicate ammonia in carcinogenesis and other disease processes. PMID- 707377 TI - Metabolism of biliary steroids by human fecal flora. AB - Biliary excreted steroid hormones are metabolized by the intestinal flora. The metabolic pathways of deoxycorticosterone and progesterone, including the bacterial species involved, have been established. The pathways for other biliary steroids are unknown. Information on the biological activities of the metabolites is lacking, but methods for their investigation are now available. Evidence suggests that the formation of the metabolites is influenced by dietary habits, and that, in some cases, it may be controlled by suppression of the responsible bacteria. PMID- 707378 TI - Colon cancer in a low-risk population. AB - Data are presented on colon mortality in Utah. For the years 1950 to 1969, the state population had 34% fewer deaths from colon cancer than the average United States population. Colon cancer incidence was also studied for the years 1966 to 1970, both for the state and for a large subgroup (Mormons) who abstain from tobacco and alcohol for religious reasons; the colon cancer incidence of Mormons was 37% below the United States average, and that of non-Mormons was 18% below the United States average. A preliminary dietary survey found little difference in meat, fat, and fiber consumption between the population of Utah and that of the United States as a whole. PMID- 707379 TI - Interaction of dietary fiber with other dietary components: a possible factor in certain cancer etiologies. AB - Dietary fiber is a highly interacting dietary component and is made up of a wide variety of enzyme-indigestible polymers: cellulose, pectins, gums, mucilages, lignin, and water-insoluble hemicelluloses. The study of the effect of dietary fiber on prevention of cancer, specifically of colonic cancer, cannot be carried on without considering that: 1) various types of dietary fiber have different metabolic effect; 2) other components of the diet (e.g., amount of fat) may influence the way dietary fiber affects the colonic environment; 3) the overall effect of dietary fiber may be the sum of effects on fecal bulk, colonic microflora pattern and metabolites, dilution of carcinogens, colonic pH, transit time, alteration of nutrient absorption, and postprandial hormonal function. It is unlikely that dietary fiber can be studied in isolation in experimental diets unless great care is taken to consider all interactions with other dietary components. PMID- 707381 TI - Diet, transit time, stool weight, and colon cancer in two Scandinavian populations. AB - In samples of adult men from two Scandinavian populations with 4-fold differences in colon cancer incidence, a comparison was made of estimated food records over 4 days, defecation habits, mouth-to-anus transit time, and stool weight. The "high incidence" group consumed more white wheat breads and total meat and beer, but less potatoes and milk than the "low incidence" group. Defecation habits were similar. Transit time and stool weight had few significant correlations with diet and defecation habits, but stool weights were higher in the low incidence group. The results are consistent with a possible protective role of dietary fiber, unrelated to transit time. PMID- 707380 TI - Fecal hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in vegetarian Seventh-Day Adventists, control subjects, and bowel cancer patients. AB - Cell-free extracts were prepared from mixed fecal anaerobic bacteria grown from stools of 14 vegetarian Seventh-Day Adventists, 16 omnivorous control subjects, and eight patients recently diagnosed with cancer of the large bowel. Preparations were assayed for NAD- and NADP-dependent 3alpha-, 7alpha- and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases with bile salts and androsterone as substrates (eight substrate-cofactor combinations were tested). A significant intergroup difference was observed in the amounts of NAD- and NADP-dependent 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase produced: bowel cancer patients exceeded controls, and controls exceeded Seventh-Day Adventists. Other enzyme activity comparisons were not significant. The pH values of the stools were significantly higher in cancer patients compared to Seventh-Day Adventists; values were 7.03 +/ 0.60 and 6.46 +/- 0.58 respectively. The pH value for controls was 6.66 +/- 0.62. A plot of pH value versus NADP-dependent 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase tended to separate the cancer patients from the other groups. Comparative data suggest that much of the 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase active against bile salt is also active against androsterone. PMID- 707382 TI - Characterization of 7-alpha-dehydroxylase in Clostridium leptum. AB - 7-alpha-Dehydroxylation of primary bile acids was demonstrated radiochromatographically in whole cells of Clostridium leptum but was not observed in intestinal Bacteroides species. Activity of 7-alpha-Dehydroxylase was detected within a pH range of 5 to 9 and was 8-fold higher in specific activity in cell cultures in the presence of 0.1 mM sodium cholate than in its absence. 7 alpha-Dehydroxylase activity in whole cells was markedly inhibitied by 2,4 dinitrophenol, carbonyl-cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazine, and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. A hypothesis concerning the dietary regulation of 7 alpha-dehydroxylating intestinal anaerobic bacteria is presented. PMID- 707383 TI - The relationship between bowel cancer and fiber content in the diet. AB - Colon cancer, very rare in rural South African blacks, is also rare in urban dwellers despite considerable rise in prosperity. The disease has scarcely increased during the last quarter of a century. The same situation applies to appendicitis. Endeavors to characterize different black populations in transition (including subjects who have had appendicitis) are being made respecting 1) diet, especially dietary fiber intake; 2) bowel physiology (e.g., transit time); 3) concentrations of fecal bile acids and other metabolites; and 4) the activity of certain fecal enzymes. PMID- 707384 TI - Distention of the small intestine, satiety, and the control of food intake. AB - The studies reported here investigated the role that filling of the small intestine plays in the control of ingestion. Adding mannitol, a nonabsorbable carbohydrate, to a palatable solution reduced meal size in rats in proportion to its concentration. Intake is suppressed for the duration of time that the small intestine remains full. If dietary fiber, which sequesters water and swells, fills the small intestine sufficiently, it may act to suppress meal size and prolong the length of intermeal intervals. PMID- 707385 TI - Energy density of food, gastric emptying, and obesity. AB - Certain receptors in the duodenal mucosa respond to the osomotic effects of the digestion products of dietary carbohydrates and proteins with a resultant slowing of gastric emptying. Other receptors respond to the soaps formed during the digestion of fats. The relative effectiveness of these two sets of receptors is such that foods with equal energy produce equal slowing of gastric emptying. Thus the rate of delivery of energy to the duodenum, and hence to the blood, can be regulated without the energy having been directly measured. The results in the literature that we have examined are consistent with this duodenal system playing some part in the regulation of food intake. PMID- 707386 TI - Caloric compensatory responses to diets containing either nonabsorbable carbohydrate or lipid by obese and lean Zucker rats. AB - The effects on food intake and body weight in lean and obese Zucker rats were evaluated following substitution in the diet with either 1) poorly absorbable lipid (hydrogenated soybean oil) for corn oil, or 2) nonabsorbable carbohydrate (fiber) for glucose. Lean Zucker rats compensated for the reduced caloric availability of the high-fiber and hydrogenated oil diets by increasing food consumption. In contrast, obese rats did not respond significantly to these dietary alterations and failed to attain caloric balance during the 16-day study. These differences in caloric compensatory responses were reflected in body weight gains. There were no differences in the amount of weight gained by lean rats fed either the high-or low-fiber diets because of compensatory hyperphagia in the high-fiber group. Lean rats fed the hydrogented oil diets gained less weight than controls fed corn oil diets, even in the presence of compensatory hyperphagia, because of the enhanced fecal excretion of water and metabolites caused by the poorly absorbed fat diet. As a result of a delayed and incomplete response to reduced caloric availability, obese rats fed the high-fiber and hydrogenated oil diets gained significantly less weight than the obese rats fed low-fiber and corn oil diets. PMID- 707387 TI - The effects of specified chemical meals on food intake. AB - Rats received intragastric infusions of various specified chemical meals and were subsequently tested for a reduction in food intake. A second experiment, using a novel technique, tested for conditioned aversion to the meal infusions. The nonnutritive substances, kaolin clay and emulsified fluorocarbon, had no significant effect on food intake. Infusions of 1 M glucose and 1 M sorbitol reduced feeding behavior, but the 1 M sorbitol infusion also produced a conditioned aversion to flavored pellets paired with the sorbitol infusion, showing that the reduced feeding could have been caused by discomfort. Infusion of a high-fat meal consisting of emulsified triolein mixed with small amounts of sugar and protein or the rat's normal liquid diet, Nutrament, also reduced food intake, and both infusions failed to produce a conditioned aversion. The use of specified meals to understand the chemical basis of satiety requires a sensitive behavioral test to establish that the meal does not cause discomfort or other nonspecific effects. PMID- 707388 TI - Studies in man of partially absorbed dietary fats. AB - A saturated long-chain triglyceride (SLCT) has been prepared by esterification with glycerol of the saturated long-chain fatty acid fraction of coconut oil, isolated by molecular distillation of the hydrolyzed oil. The resultant SLCT is comprised principally of stearate (89%) and palmitate (11%). The intestinal absorption of SLCT in man was compared with that of corn oil or a 1:1 mixture of SLCT and corn oil. Each fat or the mixture was incorporated in isocaloric amounts into a complete formula diet deriving 30% of its caloric content from fat, 55% from carbohydrate (dextrose), and 15% from protein (casein). The formula diets were administered in sequential feeding periods as the sole source of food. The results indicate that SLCT was poorly absorbed (31 to 39%) compared with virtually complete absorption of corn oil (98%). Fat absorption was improved when the dietary fat was an equal mixture of SLCT and corn oil. The poor absorption of SLCT was ascribed to its high melting point and related to impaired emulsification and micellar solubilization in the small intestine. PMID- 707390 TI - The development of the concept of dietary fiber in human nutrition. AB - Fundamental studies of the laxative action of wheat bran were undertaken in the United States in the early decades of the 20th century. Walker in South Africa extended these studies among African blacks and later suggested that cereal fiber protected them against certain metabolic disorders. Trowell in Uganda elaborated this concept with regard to the rarity of common noninfective diseases of the colon. Another stream of inquiry stemmed from the hypothesis of Cleave who postulated that the presence of refined sugar, and to a lesser extent white flour, caused many metabolic diseases, while the loss of fiber caused certain colonic disorders. Meanwhile Burkitt had collected massive evidence of the rarity of appendicitis and many venous disorders in rural Africa and parts of Asia. In 1972 Trowell proposed a new physiological definition of fiber in terms of the residue of plant foods that resisted digestion by alimentary enzymes of man. Southgate has proposed chemical methods to analyze the components of dietary fiber: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. PMID- 707389 TI - Dietary fiber, plasma insulin, and obesity. AB - The relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia is briefly reviewed. The possibility is considered that excess insulin secretion is the cause rather than the result of insulin resistance and obesity. Glucose administration is one of the most frequently studied of those factors known to stimulate insulin secretion. Much less well documented is the fact that meals of equal protein, fat, and carbohydrate content may cause different responses of plasma glucose and insulin. An experiment is reported in which the effects of a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber meal administered to seven healthy young adults were compared with the effects of a meal equally high in carbohydrate but composed largely of glucose in liquid formula form. The high-fiber meal caused an insulin rise less than half that caused by the liquid formula meal although the plasma glucose response to the two meals was not significantly different. The hypothesis is proposed that a high-carbohydrate, fiber-depleted diet, high in simple sugars, by repeatedly stimulating an excessive insulin response, may lead to insulin resistance and obesity in susceptible individuals and may play a role in the common occurrence of obesity in industrialized societies. PMID- 707391 TI - Fiber in the gastrointestinal tract. AB - It has long been recognized that fruit, vegetables, and cereal fiber alter bowel function. The right colon can be regarded as a fermenter and an absorbing organ, and the left colon is for continence. A rationale for the use of fiber based on physical chemical properties is discussed. On this basis, the use of coarse wheat bran, apples, oranges, and carrots is recommended to treat diverticular disease, spastic colon, and constipation. PMID- 707392 TI - Some current concepts in intestinal bacteriology. AB - Quantitative studies of the fecal flora of populations at different risk of colon cancer indicate that the relative proportions of some particular species of bacteria rather than of different genera of bacteria may be correlated with colon cancer incidence. Since the metabolic activity of different species in each genus varies widely, a shift in proportions of species could cause a major change in total metabolic activity in the individual. In samples taken from various areas of the intestinal tract and in scrapings from the intestinal wall, the composition of the flora remained relatively constant from the ascending colon to the rectum. Therefore, the bacteria in feces do reflect the flora of the large colon. The composition of the flora was not significantly affected by drastic changes in diet, but statistically significant shifts in the proportions of some species were noted in individuals under conditions of anger or fear stress. Although diet may not change the flora the individual maintains, the bacteria present may convert the different substrates provided by a high-fat diet as opposed to a high-fiber diet into metabolites that are potentially carcinogenic. The conversion of dietary components to carcinogenic compounds, identification of the bacteria capable of effecting such conversions, and the conditions favoring the proliferation of such bacteria will be investigated in greater detail. PMID- 707393 TI - Dietary fiber and obesity. AB - It has been suggested that sufficient fiber in the diet will tend to prevent excessive food intake and depot fat accumulation by decreasing the caloric density of the diet, stowing rate of food ingestion, increasing the effort involved in eating, promoting intestinal satiety, and interfering slightly with efficiency of energy absorption. The increase in the prevalence of obesity in Western countries since 1900 has taken place concurrently with marked changes in the nature of the diet. Per capita intake of dietary fiber associated with starchy foods has greatly decreased, but intake of fiber associated with fruits and green vegetables has increased. Thus, although the type of fiber in the diet has changed, the total quantity may not have diminished considerably. Studies of the effect of caloric dilution with cellulose and other metabolically inert bulking agents have disclosed little or no inhibitory effect on the spontaneous energy intake of nonobese laboratory animals and human subjects. Nevertheless, there is evidence that obese rats and humans may defend their excess weight against nutritive dilution with less tenacity than their nonobese counterparts. The hypothesis that dietary fiber can protect against obesity therefore deserves further testing since an increase in the fiber content of the diet may tend to prevent overeating and excessive weight gain even if it does not reduce spontaneous energy intake in nonobese organisms. PMID- 707394 TI - Diabetes mellitus and dietary fiber of starchy foods. AB - The rarity of diabetes mellitus in rural Africans and the increased incidence in urban Africans suggested that high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets might protect against diabetes. Conversely it has been suggested that low-fiber starchy food is a diabetogenic factor in susceptible human phenotypes. Many years ago experimental studies demonstrated that carbohydrate tolerance was increased in healthy adults if they ate high-carbohydrate diets but was decreased if they ate high-fat diets. From 1940 in England and Wales, diabetes death rates reported only those who died directly from diabetes mellitus; all cardiovascular complication deaths were excluded. Standardized diabetes mellitus death rates in England and Wales fell from 1941 until 1954 to 1957 by 55% in men and 54% in women. These years coincided with the production of high-fiber National flour. These data suggested the dietary fiber hypothesis of the etiology of diabetes mellitus, namely that fiber-depleted starchy foods were diabetogenic and conversely that high-fiber starchy foods were protective. Recent experimental studies of diabetic hyperglycemic men have shown that high-fiber, high carbohydrate diets cause remission of diabetes mellitus in many men who had been treated previously by oral agents of moderate doses of insulin, but not those who had previously received large amounts of insulin. PMID- 707395 TI - Colonic-rectal cancer: fiber and other dietary factors. AB - The prevalence of colonic-rectal cancer is generally directly related to the fat content and inversely related to the fiber content of diet. In the few exceptions to this generalization, tumor prevalence is more closely related to fiber than to fat. Hypotheses have been postulated to explain the possible ways in which dietary fiber may protect against colonic-rectal cancer and to account for the close relationships between the geographical distribution of these tumors and that of certain other diseases. PMID- 707396 TI - Plant cell wall fractionation and structural analysis. AB - The structure of the major plant polysaccharides contributing to dietary fiber, their organization within the plant cell wall, and the problems associated with their analysis are briefly reviewed. Alkaline, acidic, and detergent fractionation methods are described and considered in relation to their specificity. The analysis of pectin, often ignored as a component of dietary fiber, is examined in detail. The solubility of pectins from a number of common plant foods was determined, indicating that a considerable portion of pectin polyuronide is lost to many of the commonly used analytical procedures. PMID- 707398 TI - Complex carbohydrate breakdown in the human colon. AB - Concentrations of water-soluble high- and low-molecular-weight carbohydrates were determined in the intestinal contents of four human subjects who had died accidentally. In all four subjects, concentrations of high-molecular-weight carbohydrate were lower throughout the colon than in the ileum. In some subjects, similar but less dramatic differences were also found with low-molecular-weight carbohydrate. Components of both high- and low-molecular-weight peaks included neutral sugars such as rhamnose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose, which are found in many plant polysaccharides. Components characteristic of mucins (fucose, hexosamines, and sialic acids) were also detected. These results indicate that dietary fiber and mucin are degraded in the human colon. PMID- 707397 TI - Physical and biological properties of structural and other nondigestible carbohydrates. AB - Selected characteristics of dietary fiber and associated nondigestible polysaccharides are discussed. These properties, which could alter gastrointestinal function, include particle size, solubility and viscosity, and interactions with small organic compounds, cations, salts, and proteins. The relationship between structure and the physiochemical properties is indicated. PMID- 707399 TI - The lignin fraction of plant cell walls. AB - Methods are discussed for determining lignin in plant cell walls. The increase in apparent lignin content that may occur as a result of artifacts produced during food preparation is also discussed. The phenolic components, including lignin, of cell walls separated from 12 vegetable, fruit, and cereal foods are determined. Wheat bran, on a fresh weight basis, had a high cell wall content (48.6%) compared with the vegetables and fruit whose contents ranged from 1.0 to 6.0%. Wheat bran and spinach cell walls had the highest lignin contents (11.4 and 4.4%, respectively) and the lowest degradabilities (35.8 and 39.6%, respectively) as determined by a cellulase technique. Cell walls of spinach, beetroot, sweet corn, pineapple, and wheat bran contained the phenolic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric, and diferulic) bound to polysaccharide components. Cell walls of cabbage, Brussels sprout, celery, cauliflower, green bean, carrot, and pea contained only traces of these acids. PMID- 707400 TI - Mineral components of plant cell walls. AB - Plant cell walls that are secondarily thickened contain silicon and metal cations. The silicon occurs predominantly as silica (SiO2.nH2O) deposited in intimate association with the organic components of the walls and, according to recent evidence, as an integral constituent of polyuronides. Relatively large amounts of deposited (i.e., solid) silica are found in rice and other cereals and in grasses. When ingested by ruminant animals, practically all the solid silica may be recovered in the feces. However, microscopic particles of silica from plants are, to a small extent, absorbed as such through the gastrointestinal wall in both man and ruminant animals. It has now been shown that silicon is essential for animals, and that it is a constituent of certain mucopolysaccharides, thereby contribution to the architecture of connective tissues. The acidic silanol group of solid silica in plant cell walls may be involved in binding metal cations, but carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups of the organic components of the walls are probably mainly responsible. Binding of metal cations by these components of plant cell walls, and possibly by silica, is likely to reduce availability of the cations for intestinal absorption. PMID- 707401 TI - Fiber content and structure in foods. AB - Crude fiber analysis does not accurately reflect the amount of dietary fiber in food materials, nor does it give a constant fraction of dietary fiber when used to compare sources in the diet. More accurate methods of estimating dietary fiber are compared. The neutral detergent method of Van Soest, modified for use with foods, was especially useful in measuring the insoluble fraction of dietary fiber. It not only provided a simple, quick method of analysis but also was useful in isolating dietary fiber for further experimentation. Water-holding capacity studies, trace mineral binding studies, and bile acid binding studies were run on the insoluble dietary fiber without interference from digestible food constituents. PMID- 707402 TI - Nutritional implications of dietary fiber. AB - When dietary fiber intakes are increased by supplementing diets with bran and whole wheat products, then fecal fat, nitrogen, energy, and mineral excretion rise. These changes suggest that fiber may be altering normal digestive and absorptive function. Recent studies have confirmed this and have also shown that fiber of different composition and from contrasting sources produces different physiological effects. The gel-forming polysaccharides such as guar gum and pectin alter the pattern of glucose absorption and are hypocholesterolemic; fiber from cereals is not hypocholesterolemic but exerts a pronounced effect on the large gut. Dietary fiber is largely digested in the colon by the microflora and so influences colonic function, fecal weight, and composition. The significance of the changes in fat, nitrogen, and energy output remains to be evaluated, but the impairment of mineral absorption--particularly of calcium, zinc, and iron--by fiber gives cause for concern. Fiber must now be considered with other dietary constituents in all nutritional studies. PMID- 707403 TI - Artifactual radioassay results due to serum contamination by intravenous radioisotope administration. Falsely low serum vitamin B12 and folic acid results. AB - Radioisotopic contamination by recent radioisotope administration (either 99mtechnetium or 67gallium) to the patient for scanning purposes was found in 28 sera submitted for vitamin B12 or folic acid assay, or both, during the year prior to this study. In half the cases serum radioactivity was so great as to be readily identifiable during the assay. In the rest, however, the radioactivity would not have been detected had serum supernatant blanks not been routinely incorporated in the assay procedure. Many radioassay kits make no provision for such supernatant control blanks. Were it not for these blanks, five patients would have been falsely identified as vitamin B12-deficient and three others as possible deficient in the present series. Two of the five radioactive sera assayed for folate would also have given misleading results in the borderline-low range. The clinician should avoid ordering tests requiring radioassay when the patient has been given radioisotopes, and those performing radioassays must institute appropriate maneuvers to detect any such contamination. PMID- 707404 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the meninges. Mayo Clinic experience. AB - A study of 26 hemangiopericytomas of the meninges revealed that the histologic appearance--including ultrastructural features--was similar to that of hemangiopericytomas of soft tissues. Both sexes were affected, and occurrence was most frequent in the adult years, with no symptoms specific for the lesions. The lesions were characterized by an aggressive course, with recurrence in 80% of the patients, and metastases in 23%; thus, the importance of recognizing the lesion pathologically is emphasized. PMID- 707405 TI - Distributed laboratory computing. Integration of a laboratory computer into a hospital information system. AB - The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, a large teaching hospital and tertiary care referral center, has implemented a vendor-supplied laboratory computer package operating on a dedicated minicomputer. A high-speed communications link allows the laboratory computer to share patient administrative, census, and test result data with the central hospital information system on an interactive basis. Operational characteristics of the system are discussed, and special attention is given to the critical problems and advantages of interfacing two computers. PMID- 707406 TI - Evaluation of a computer-directed pneumatic-tube system for pneumatic transport of blood specimens. AB - The results of sending specimens through a computerized pneumatic airtransport system and manually delivering specimens were compared for 15 chemical tests and six hematologic procedures. All specimens were collected from inpatients and outpatients into evacuated glass containers. The specimens traversed a maximum of 829 feet (253 meters) involving 16 bends and eight transfer units at 25 feet/second (7.6 meters/second). Only the activity of lactate dehydrogenase exceeded the precision of the test in pneumatically transported specimens. Ruptured erythrocytes in incompletely filled vacuum tubes were the likely source of the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Neither the serum sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, total protein, albumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, uric acid, leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, nor the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were affected by pneumatic transport. It is concluded that the pneumatic system tested provides a safe, efficient method of transporting the blood specimens tested. PMID- 707407 TI - Development and evaluation of a disposable device for performing simultaneous duplicate bleeding time determinations. AB - A disposable bleeding time device that provides two simultaneous standardized incisions is described. The mean bleeding time of 47 normal adults was 4.1 min with a 95% range of 2.2--7.0 min. The standard deviation of duplicate bleeding times was 0.7 min, and the day-to-day standard deviation for individuals was 0.9 min. In a double-blind crossover study of 20 normal adults, the mean bleeding time increased from 3.7 to 6.2 min after ingestion of 1 g aspirin. The device is extremely simple to use and is essentially painless. Physical trauma is minimal. PMID- 707408 TI - The autopsy supplement. PMID- 707409 TI - Effects of reagents on the measurement of hemoglobin using an automated cell counter. PMID- 707410 TI - Microcystic adenomas of the pancreas and constitutional abnormalities. PMID- 707411 TI - Accuracy of clinical laboratories studied by comparison with definitive methods. AB - Samples of lyophilized human serum were circulated to participants in the CAP Chemistry Survey program. The participants measured the concentrations in the samples of calcium, iron, lithium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Samples were also sent to the National Board of Standards (NBS), and the concentrations of these seven analytes were measured; definitive methods were used. The participant values and the NBS values were compared, providing a measure of the accuracy of the participating laboratories and of the individual methods used by the participants. There was, in general, close agreement between the NBS values and the participant values. A bias that varied with the concentration of the analyte was a common feature. PMID- 707412 TI - Statistical evaluation of CAP survey results for calcium, potassium, and blood urea nitrogen. AB - Throug the use of the statistical technic known as the linear model, a complete analysis has been made of data obtained in the Colleg of American Pathologists Survey of 1975 for calcium, potassium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The analysis allows a separation of laboratories into core and non-core categories. It also allows for determination of the reproducibility of each analytic technic involved in this survey. For Ca and K, the results obtained by each analytic method were compared with the results obtained by the National Bureau of Standards through use of the definitive method. For BUN, the comparison was made with the average of values for all laboratories and all methods. PMID- 707413 TI - Evaluation of non-core laboratories. AB - The CAP Interlaboratory Survey data from the non-core laboratories identified by Paule and Mandel were examined. Some laboratories were designated non-core because they submitted one or more values that were widely discrepant and were caused by unit problems, decimal shifts, or reversal of the specimens. A second group of laboratories submitted a number of discrepant results that appeared to be caused by problems within the laboratories. A third group submitted results that appeared acceptable, and the exclusion and the effectiveness of the criteria differed for each of the three analytes. The findings suggest that examination of data from excluded laboratories can provide a valuable source of information to supplement the central data. PMID- 707414 TI - The 1977 College of American Pathologists Enzymology Survey. Principal findings. AB - A set of linearly related serum survey specimens was analyzed by more than 200 laboratories on four occasions in 1977 for the five enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, creatine phosphokinase, and alkaline phosphatase. The survey technic, which employs specimens that are designed to have multiple informational redundancies for detecting discrepancies in the survey data, was found to be a feasible approach, as a variety of methodologic biases and analytic problems were readily detected. The specimens were shown to be stable,and the mean results obtained by a reference group of laboratories were quite reproducible. Consequently, changes observed in individual laboratories in successive surveys were attributable to intra laboratory changes. The survey provides each participant with an objective evaluation of the linearity, precision, and calibration of his methods, in comparison with peer and reference laboratories, as well as information concerning the popularities of various methods, and the performances of various analytic systems. For each enzyme there are a few large peer groups and a large number of small peer groups. Differences among the laboratories within each peer group were due primarily to proportional biases that in some cases were clearly due to instrumental or reagent differences, rather than to methodologic differences. PMID- 707415 TI - Serum creatinine. A CAP survey. AB - The results of the 1976--1977 College of American Pathologists Survey of serum creatinine measurements performed by more than 5,000 laboratories are presented. The most widely used method employs the colorimetric measurement of the alkaline picrate-creatinine (Jaffe) reaction. In general, all manual and automated systems yielded comparable creatinine concentrations except the centrifugal analyzers, which manifested a consistently high bias. Interlaboratory variation was lowest for continuous-flow and the DuPont discrete systems. Lloyd's reagent resulted in a clinically insignificant reduction of creatinine concentration in lyophilized sera. PMID- 707416 TI - An interlaboratory comparison of serum total protein analyses. AB - An analysis of the 1976 CAP Comprehensive Chemistry Survey of total serum proteins is presented. More than 2,000 laboratories contributed data in this survey. Estimation of total serum protein concentration by the biuret reaction remains the most widely used technic, followed by refractometry. Precision and accuracy data for a number of analytic systems and methods are presented. Precisions for the entire group are nearly comparable. A negative bias for total protein concentration was shown by the SMAC. PMID- 707417 TI - The CAP Urine Chemistry Survey Program for 1977. AB - Eleven analytes were presented in the Urine Chemistry Survey Program during the year 1977. These included amylase, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, creatinine, osmolality, 17-ketosteroids, total protein, glucose, and urea nitrogen. More than 450 laboratories participated. Deficiencies in assay performance were found for amylase, 17-ketosteroids, and total protein. Sharp shifts in precision performance were seen in urea nitrogen analysis. Severe biases are apparent in glucose analysis using neocuproine and ferricyanide methods. PMID- 707418 TI - CAP Comprehensive Chemistry. Serum iron survey. AB - Approximately 1,600 participants replied to a special questionnaire about the serum iron determination used in their laboratories. The categories covered were (1) sample preparation, (2) system, (3) detection method, (4) reducing reagent, and (5) standards. Those using AutoAnalyzer methods uniformly had the highest reported values. The lowest values were reported by those using methods without protein removal. Whether this is a positive bias by the AutoAnalyzer group or a negative bias by methods without protein removal, or both, cannot be determined by this study. Hydroxylamine users reported lower results than others. No difference between the three commonly used chromogenic reagents, bathophenanthrolene sulfonate, tripyridyl-triazine, and ferrozine, could be demonstrated. Protein-based standards should be used when a method is found to be affected by protein. How to determine the assay value is an important problem yet to be solved. PMID- 707419 TI - Long-term stability of glucose in lyophilized quality control serum. A study utilizing data from the Quality Assurance Service (QAS) Program of the College of American Pathologists. AB - The long-term stability of glucose in 45 commercial pools of lyophilized quality control serum is evaluated. The pools have been used in conjunction with the Quality Assurance Service (QAS) of the College of American Pathologists by laboratories participating in Regional Quality Control Programs. Directional instability of glucose was detected by at least one analytic method in 69% of the pools studied. Two distinct and opposite directional trends in glucose concentration were found. Increasing concentration of analyte, averaging 4.7 mg/dl per year, were observed with manual and automated glucose oxidase methods and the automated neocuproine procedure in approximately one fourth of pool- method combinations. Decreasing concentrations of glucose, averaging 3.0 mg/dl per year, were found with automated ferricyanide and hexokinase methods and the manual orthotoluidine procedure in approximately one third of pool--method combinations. The results are best explained by postulating that in affected pools there is a gradual diminution of free and bound glucose and/or a shift of glucose from the protein-bound to the free state. PMID- 707420 TI - Reproducibility of mean values of duplicate specimens in the Basic Ligand Assay Survey. AB - Three paired samples were distributed at three--six-month intervals in the Basic Ligand Survey during 1976. The stabilities of mean values obtained by widely used commercial kit procedures and by all methods for eight analytes are reported. Significant improvements in accuracy and long-term precision were identified in assays for digoxin and thyroxine during 1976. However, a number of assays yielded unstable mean values that affected both within--laboratory maintenance of quality control and medical usefulness of the results. PMID- 707421 TI - Evaluation of tests for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). AB - Participants in the American Association of Blood Banks--College of American Pathologists (AABB-CAP) HBsAg Survey Program primarily use a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for detection of anti-HBs in samples found to be surface antigen negative. Although this is a new procedure for most laboratories, survey results indicate excellent proficiency. PMID- 707422 TI - Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) assay results in the 1976 College of American Pathologists Survey Program. AB - Data from the 1976 CAP Survey for the performance of Factor VII (antihemophilic factor) assays were analyzed. The results indicated an undesirable variation on both normal and abnormal specimens. Reagent-instrumentation systems and procedures were examined. The need for standardization of factor VIII assays is evident from the results of this study. PMID- 707423 TI - A report of the 1976 and 1977 College of American Pathologists surveys. PMID- 707424 TI - An interlaboratory comparison of analyses of clinical specimens. AB - A pilot study was conducted to identify some of the benefits and limitations of making interlaboratory comparisons of clinical assays. Sixteen laboratories that participated in a regional quality control program and used similar instrumentation each provided analyses of specimens from three male and three female healthy subjects, 25 male and 25 female clinical subjects, and several control specimens. Analysis of the data revealed that the derived normal ranges agreed well with those provided by the instrument manufacturer, and that for some analytes the laboratories produced comparable clinical assays. The control specimens were found to be indicators of the presence of analytic bias that affected the clinical assays, but they did not always correctly indicate the kind or magnitude of bias. Using pattern recognition technics, it was shown that a laboratory's clinical assays had characteristic distributions that were apparently related to the populations served, as well as to analytic precision. The results demonstrate that useful information may be gleaned from interlaboratory surveys of clinical assays. PMID- 707425 TI - An innovative method for the determination of normal values in hematology using peer group laboratories. AB - The author describes a proposed innovative method for the determination of normal values in hematology in which a large number of laboratories participating in the CAP proficiency testing program submit results of a previously performed, complete blood count. These data are compared with those derived from more formal studies of normal values. The advantages of this system, if validated, include its inexpensive simplicity and the possibility of determining normal values for relatively uncommon groups of patients such as neonates, infants, and small children. PMID- 707426 TI - Use of survey-validated reference materials (survey serum) to establish target values of quality control pools. AB - Specimens used in the College of American Pathologists Survey Programs are sometimes manufactured in excess of Survey needs, and these excess specimens are made available to Survey participants after a survey is completed. These survey validated reference materials (SVRM's) are a valuable resource to the clinical laboratory field. SVRM's are continually renewed, have a range of analyte concentrations, have reliable target values assigned for more than 20 analytes, and for all methods that are in common use. The materials are useful for assigning appropriate target values to other serum materials used by laboratories, for investigating the accuracy of a laboratory's analytic procedures, and as trouble-shooting aids. The wide availability of SVRM's offers a new opportunity for improving the analytic reliability of quantitative clinical assays. PMID- 707427 TI - Proposed classification of clinical laboratory methods. AB - A Task Force appointed by the College of American Pathologists studied the key elements that may affect a laboratory result, including the types of reagents, manufacturers of detection equipment, blanking procedures, calibrators, diluting and dispensing devices, and sample preparation. A field trial was conducted using cholesterol assay as the pilot study. Participants completed a lengthy questionnaire that requested information regarding the key elements used in the cholesterol assay. This report presents the preliminary findings of the field trial. Examples are shown to illustrate how obtaining additional information about how the laboratory test was performed led to identification of subtle differences in test results. PMID- 707429 TI - Diagnostic problems involved in detection of metastatic neoplasms by bone-marrow aspirate compared with needle biopsy. AB - Diagnostic problems involved in detection of metastatic neoplasms by bone-marrow aspirate compared with needle biopsy. Am J Clin Pathol 70: 623--627, 1978. Comparison of a large series of bone marrow aspirations with simultaneously performed Jamshidi needle biopsies showed 75% correlation between the two procedures for detection of metastatic neoplasms. In cases where the two methods disagreed, false-negative aspirations resulting from perineoplastic desmoplasia was the usual reason for the discrepancy. Cytologic criteria for the evaluation of suspected neoplastic cells in aspirate preparations are discussed. PMID- 707428 TI - Leukemic myelomatosis (plasma cell leukemia). AB - Six cases of leukemic myelomatosis (plasma cell leukemia), are reported. A spectrum of leukemic plasmacellular proliferation was observed in this group: in two cases the plasmacytic leukemia was a terminal event of multiple myeloma, in one of a chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and in the remaining three cases the peripheral blood plasmacytosis was a presenting manifestation of an acute immunocytic dyscrasia. The clinical features, frequencies of extraosseous plasmacytic infiltrations, hypercalcemia and Bence Jones proteinuria, and cytomorphologic difficulties in differentiating plasmacytic from chronic lymphocytic leukemia are discussed. PMID- 707431 TI - Heparin cofactor activity following thermal injury. PMID- 707430 TI - Platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine storage in the carcinoid syndrome. AB - The uptake and storage of 5-hydroxytryptamine by human platelets from normal donors and patients with the carcinoid syndrome are reported. When platelets were incubated in the presence of 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine (50 microM), an initial phase of rapid uptake was observed until 5-hydroxytryptamine levels of 1--2 microgram/10(9) cells were reached. Further accumulation occurred more slowly. Electron microscopic autoradiography of cells after 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake for 60 minutes revealed that in platelets from normal donors most of the label was localized in membranes (52%), alpha granules (27%), and cytoplasm (4%). Dense bodies were associated with 18% of the silver grains. Similar membrane (50%) and alpha-granule (27%) labeling was found with platelets from patients with carcinoid syndrome. However, more cytoplasmic labeling (10%) and less dense-body labeling (11%) were found with these cells. The results support a hypothesis of two or more sites for storage of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mammalian platelets and suggest that minimal exchange between cytoplasmic and dense-body amines occurs in carcinoid platelets. PMID- 707432 TI - The diagnostic significance of a prolonged erythrocytic glycerol lysis time (GLT50). AB - The predictive value of a prolonged glycerol lysis time (GLT50) was assessed by analysis of case records of 100 consecutive subjects with values greater than 73 seconds (normal = 26--73 seconds) reported by the clinical laboratory of The New York Hospital. There were 72 cases of hemoglobinopathy: 65 thalassemia trait, four sickle-thalassemia, and one each of Hb D-thalassemia, sickle-C disease, and sickle-cell anemia. Nine of the remaining subjects had iron-deficiency anemia, three had chronic renal disease, and seven had miscellaneous disorders. Four subjects were apparently normal, and in five cases there was insufficient information for a diagnosis. Of 78 patients who had both a prolonged GLT50 and microcytosis, 67 (86%) had thalassemia trait and seven (9%) had iron-deficiency anemia. In 74 patients with GLT50 greater than 100 seconds, thalassemia trait was found 16 times as often as uncomplicated iron-deficiency anemia. All 31 subjects with GLT50 greater than 180 seconds had hemoglobinopahy. A prolonged GLT50 strongly suggests thalassemia trait, especially when greater than 100 seconds or associated with microcytosis. PMID- 707433 TI - An evaluation of four automated coagulation instruments. AB - Four automated coagulation instruments were evaluated for performance of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT): the Dade Auto Fi, General Diagnostics Dual Channel Coag-a-Mate, MLA Electra 600D, and Sherwood Lancer Coagulyzer. Statistical comparisons showed only minor differences among values determined with these instruments. Reproducibilities of duplicate prothrombin times and APTTs were equivalent on all machines except the Coag-a Mate; the problem here was in the alignment of the two channels, and should be correctable. Differences exist in the costs, technician acceptance, computer interfacing, and normal values on these instruments. The MLA instrument has the lowest purchase price, followed by the Sherwood and then the General Diagnostics instruments. These three instruments have comparable costs for disposable supplies. The Dade has a substantially higher purchase price and higher costs of disposable supplies. The Sherwood and MLA had the best technician acceptance. All instruments except the Coag-a-Mate can be easily interfaced to a computer. The Dade instrument gave longer coagulation times than the other three instruments when General Diagnostics reagents were used. PMID- 707434 TI - Estrogen receptor assay of carcinomas of the breast by a simplified dextran- charcoal method. AB - Carcinomas of the breast from 352 women were assayed for binding of tritiated estradiol by tumor cytosol with dextran--charcoal adsorption, saturation analysis, and two-point Scatchard plots; the level of saturable binding defined a cytosol as positive or negative for estrogen receptor. Valid assays were obtained on specimens as small as 120 mg. Assays of replicate samples of a cytosol were more reproducible than assays of replicate samples of the tumor itself. Occasional disparity of results between a primary mammary carcinoma and its axillary metastases could be related to differences in tumor cellularity. Saturable binding consistent with the presence of estrogen receptor was found in 59% of 305 primary carcinomas and in 57% of 47 metastatic or recurrent carcinomas. There was a significant negative correlation between the patient's age and saturable estrogen binding in the tumor. Serum estradiol levels of less than 250 pg/ml appeared to have a negligible effect on estrogen receptor content. A small subgroup of high-binding carcinomas had high dissociation constants, but the significance of this observation is not clear. PMID- 707435 TI - Ristocetin precipitation test: a new simple test for detection of fibrin monomer and fibrin degradation products. AB - The ristocetin precipitation test was designed as a simplified test to detect fibrin monomers and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FPD/fdp). The ristocetin precipitation test is positive in plasma samples containing either fibrin monomer (greater than 5--10 microgram/ml) or early fdp (greater than 50- 100 microgram/ml). The ristocetin precipitation test is negative in plasma with fibrinogen concentrations to 1,000 mg/dl or fibrinogen degradation products FDP) and late fdp to 400 microgram/ml. The ristocetin precipitation test is positive in plasmas collected from rabbits after the infusion of thrombin (2.7 u/kg) or thrombin and streptokinase (10,000 u/kg); the test is negative in plasmas from animals treated with streptokinase or saline solution alone. The ristocetin precipitation test is negative in normal human plasmas and plasmas from patients who have primary firbinogenolysis, but positive in plasmas from patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. These results suggest that the restocetin precipitation test can be a useful test for the detection of plasma fibrin monomers and early fdp. PMID- 707436 TI - Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma with "chordoid" features (chordoid sarcoma). AB - The light and electron microscopic features of a so-called chordoid sarcoma arising in the area of the gastrocolic ligament are described and illustrated. Despite the tumor's histologic resemblance to chordoma, the ultrastructural markers are those of chondroid rather than chordoid neoplasms. These are well developed, vesciular granular endoplasmic reticulum, intracytoplasmic glycogen, lipid bodies, and a collagen-poor extracellular matrix with electron-dense granules, presumably representing chondroitin sulfate. Similar submicroscopic alterations have been observed in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. Because of the distinctive morphologic appearance of this peculiar lesion, the term "myxoid chondrosarcoma with chordoid features" is suggested to reconcile histologic and ultrastructural features and histogenesis. PMID- 707437 TI - Myeloid metaplasia and osteolytic lesions. AB - The case of a patient with myelofibrosis and painful osteolytic lesions is described. Biopsy of the involved bone demonstrated myeloid proliferation. Foci of myeloid metaplasia may occasionally result in clinical disability, with bone pain and rarefaction. Myeloid metaplasia should be considered when these symptoms and signs occur in the setting of myelofibrosis. The role of radiation therapy as a palliative maneuver remains uncertain. PMID- 707438 TI - Bilateral ovarian endometriosis associated with carcinosarcoma of the right ovary and endometrioid carcinoma of the left ovary. AB - The case of a 44-year-old woman wih bilateral ovarian malignancies in association with endometriosis is presented. A carcinosarcoma was present in the right ovary, and a well-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma in the left ovary. This case is, to the authors' knowledge, unique. PMID- 707439 TI - Position statement on professional laboratory certification and state licensure: American Society of Clinical Pathologists. PMID- 707440 TI - Community perspectives on deviance: some factors in the definition of alcohol abuse. AB - This paper examines how alcohol abuse is ""defined'' by the social milieu within which it occurs, according to the three conceptual dimensions of (a) the perceived prospects for change, (b) perceived personal control, and (c) attributions concerning the causes of alcohol problems. Respondents from three socioeconomically different communities made similarity ratings between all possible pairings of 13 stimulus items (78 in all). These items reflected four types of drinker, and the three conceptual dimensions. Multidimensional scalings and an analysis of variance demonstrated substantial community differences, such that the lower socioeconomic status respondents had a more complex and more clearly articulated view of alcohol abuse than did the upper status respondents. Further, these communities differed in their perceptions of the internal or external origins of alcohol problems. Shared features of these communities' view of alcohol abuse included a basic normal vs. problem drinker distinction, as well as a distinction between alcoholics and ex-alcoholics according to the amount of personal control they were seen as having. PMID- 707441 TI - Efficacy of a group crisis-counseling program for men who accompany women seeking abortions. AB - This study investigated the effect of a group crisis-counseling session on the anxiety level and attitudes of males who accompanied women seeking legal abortions. Twenty-three companion males participated in one 2-hour counseling session. Each session was comprised of three to seven men. Twenty-three other men, who served as control subjects, remained in the waiting room of the abortion clinic and did not participate in a counseling session. All subjects completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and four other attitudinal measures based on the semantic differential. These were filled out by all subjects when they first arrived at the clinic and again approximately 2 hours later. Results from both the STAI and the other attitudinal measures indicated that State anxiety (A-State) decreased and attitudes towards abortion concepts generally were more positive for men in the group which received crisis counseling. PMID- 707442 TI - Referral to a school mental health project: a screening note. AB - The screening efficiency of two measures of school-adjustment is considered by assessing the proportion of children referred to a school mental health program whose scores fall at or above the 85th centile on one or both measures. The study's findings demonstrate that 60-90% of referred children were identifiable by a screening cutoff score procedure. The implications for using a cutoff score approach in selecting children for the intervention are discussed. PMID- 707443 TI - Social activism and psychiatrists in community mental health centers. AB - A sample of psychiatrists (n = 72) working in 20 community mental health centers (CMHCs) representative of the organizational and catchment area characteristics of operating Centers were queried as part of a larger study (n = 595) of community mental health worker roles. It was found that psychiatrists were like other staff in perceived organizational expectations of social activism but were significantly lower in perceived personal/professional role activism and role discrepancy. Unlike other staff, psychiatrists' levels of activism and discrepancy were unaffected by personal characteristics or organizational and catchment area characteristics of the CMHCs. It was concluded that the psychiatrists' unwillingness to assume any but the most modest community activist stances may hinder the development of the CMHC movement. PMID- 707444 TI - Perspectives on the training experiences and the training needs of community psychologists. AB - The present study examined the attitudes and perspectives of Division 27 (Community Psychology) members toward training roles and issues. Surveys sent to Division members focused upon: (a) background and demographic data; (b) past and present academic and employment characteristics; (c) relevance of community psychology to present employment; (d) community psychology relevance as an area of training; and (e) roles and functions which are perceived as essential to community psychology. Results indicate that the membership perceives human service topics (social planning and community change) as more important than traditional direct service aspects. The significance of the emphasis on broader social system activities is discussed in relationship to the predominantly clinical academic background of Division members. PMID- 707445 TI - Goal Attainment Scaling: an effective treatment technique in short-term therapy. AB - The present study compares the outcome of short-term therapy for clients who established thearpy goals with their therapists and clients with whom no formalized goal setting occurred. When compared to control clients, clients receiving Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) had significantly (a) more positive outcomes as measured by posttests of anxiety, self-esteem, and depression; (b) higher ratings of their own motivation to change; and (c) higher ratings of their own change as a result of therapy. Therapists perceived their GAS clients to have changed more as a result of therpy but not to have been more motivated to change than their control clients. PMID- 707446 TI - The effects of consultation style on consultee productivity. AB - This study examined the effectiveness of three different consultation styles adapted from Bindman's typology. Consultees were nurses on eight wards in a state hospital for the retarded, who were assigned to Expert, Resource, and Process consultation groups plus a no-treatment control. Data on the number of new programs independently initiated by consultees were collected during a 6-week base line, 12-week consultation, and 6-week follow-up period. Results showed a general increase in number of programs initiated during the second half of the consultation period, with trends established there continued through the follow up. Degree of change was directly related to the style of consultation: the Expert role proved no better than the control condition; the Resource and Process roles generated significant consultee activity, with the Process model generating the most programs in both experimental and follow-up periods. PMID- 707447 TI - A method of evaluating the impact of services at a comprehensive community mental health center. AB - Efforts of one community mental health center to develop a system of program evaluation designed to meet criteria mandated by recent Federal legislation are described. This approach represents a comprehensive evaluation system with the capability of objectively assessing: (a) patterns of utilization of services, (b) satisfaction with services as well as the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services, and (c) the quality of direct mental health services as measured by attainment of individualized treatment goals. A rationale for the development of this system as well as a description of the modifications and automatization of the procedure are included. Initial results are presented which pertain to 2,900 goals written for 1,250 clients receiving treatment within five of the Center's direct service elements. PMID- 707448 TI - Migrating electrical spike activity in the fasting human small intestine. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to describe characteristics of migrating electrical phenomena in the human small intestine. A specially designed probe with several bipolar electrodes was placed in the upper small intestine of 5 normal, fasting volunteers for continuous registration of electrical spike potentials. A migrating myoelectric complex was observed resembling observations made previously in animal experiments. The active phase consisted of regular spike potentials propagating distally at a mean velocity of 12 cm/min, and a duration of about 5 min. In addition a "peristaltic rush" was observed consisting of spike potentials with a high amplitude, propagating distally at a mean velocity of 2 cm/sec and a duration of about 5 sec. PMID- 707449 TI - Somatostatin inhibits motilin-induced interdigestive contractile activity in the dog. AB - The interaction between motilin and somatostatin on gastrointestinal motor activity was studied in fasted, unanesthetized dogs. Contractions of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were recorded with extraluminal strain gage force transducers. Motilin initiated a pattern of contractile activity which closely resembled phase III of the interdigestive motor complex. Somatostatin delayed the onset of the motilin response and reduced motor activity in the stomach and the jejunum. During somatstatin infusion the motilin-induced contractile pattern did not migrate to the jejunum. The cycle of natural interdigestive motor complexes was also interrupted by somatostatin. Somatostatin alters natural and motilin induced interdigestive migrating motor complexes of the canine gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 707450 TI - Radioimmunoassay of motilin. Validation and studies on the relationship between plasma motilin and interdigestive myoelectric activity of the duodenum of dog. PMID- 707451 TI - Esophageal prosthesis in cancer. AB - We describe the use of polyvinyl esophageal prosthetic tubes to treat 14 consecutive patients with malignant strictures and tracheoesophageal fistula from carcinoma of the esophagus. We found these prosthetic tubes easy to construct, simple to insert, and that their use improved the quality of remaining life in most patients by diminishing dysphagia and incessant coughing from pulmonary aspiration. PMID- 707452 TI - Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach in Hawaii and Japan. A study of its relation to serum pepsinogen I, gastrin, and parietal cell antibodies. PMID- 707453 TI - Small-intestinal mucosa in pseudoobstruction syndromes. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequency and severity of small intestinal mucosal damage in pseudoobstruction syndromes. One hundred eighty-nine interpretable biopsies from 12 patients were blindly reviewed by two investigators. The underlying disorders were scleroderma in 7 and idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction in 5. All 12 had small-intestinal dilatation on small-bowel series. Eight of the 12 patients had biopsies characterized by moderate to severe mucosal damage; 3 of these had some biopsies which were flat. The damage did not correlate with: (1) types and numbers of organisms recovered from small intestinal aspirates; (2) duration of illness; (3) degree of dilatation of the proximal small bowel; (4) concentrations of deconjugated bile salts in small intestinal fluid; or (5) amount of fat absorbed in fat-balance studies. We conclude that mucosal damage is common in pseudoobstruction syndromes. The pathogenesis of the damage and its relationship to intraluminal bacteria remain undefined. PMID- 707454 TI - Oral cholecystography in chronic renal insufficiency. AB - Thirty-two patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) had oral cholecystography. Eleven of 15 patients (73%) with moderately advanced renal impairment had diagnostically inadequate single-dose cholecystograms. In contrast, all 11 patients on chronic hemodialysis had diagnostically opacified gallbladders following a single dose of contrast. Six other patients had biliary disease, either calculi (5 patients) or neoplasia (1 patient). These data suggest that CRI diminishes the likelihood of diagnostic gallbladder opacification, even in the absence of gallbladder disease, and that if the metabolic consequences of CRI are controlled by dialysis, the chances of diagnostic opacification are significantly improved (P less than 0.005). As oral cholecystography may not only result in inadequate opacification, but also carry the potential of renal toxicity, abdominal ultrasound should prove a safer and possibly more effective alternative in such patients. PMID- 707456 TI - Proteins of ascitic fluid in constrictive pericarditis. AB - A patient with chronic calcific pericarditis, hepatic congestion, and fibrosis had massive ascites with a protein concentration of 5.1 g/100 ml. This fluid was in all likelihood largely derived from hepatic interstitial fluid. The ascites serum concentration ratio for several protein species and molecular exclusion chromatography of these fluids suggested two processes may be involved in the transfer of protein from serum to ascites, namely bulk transfer of all species and molecular sieving. PMID- 707455 TI - Percutaneous transperitoneal aspiration biopsy of pancreatic masses. AB - Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pancreatic masses was performed in 34 patients. Biopsies were performed with a 22 or 23-gage, spinal-type needle under fluoroscopic guidance. Correct results were obtained in 73% of the patients including 21 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. No complications occurred. The primary indication for aspiration biopsy was to document the presence of malignancy and avoid a diagnostic laparotomy in patients considered to be unresectable. PMID- 707457 TI - Cholecystoduodenocolic fistula secondary to carcinoma of the gallbladder. PMID- 707458 TI - Arteriographic examination in suspected small-bowel ischemia. PMID- 707459 TI - Crohn's disease in Barrett's esophagus. AB - A patient with regional ileitis (Crohn's disease) developed a benign esophageal stricture. He had no history of heartburn or other symptoms of reflux esophagitis. The diagnosis of Crohn's disease was suspected but could not be proved preoperatively. The surgically resected esophagus showed the gross and microscopic features of Crohn's disease. Barrett's esophageal mucosa was also found in the resected esophagus. Postoperatively, the patient developed a fistula at the esophagogastrostomy site. Crohn's esophagitis has been reported in 15 patients but none had Barrett's esophagus. We believe our patient reported here is the first case with Crohn's disease and Barrett's esophagus. PMID- 707460 TI - Cardiovascular responses to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. AB - Continuous Holter monitoring and serial blood pressure recordings were obtained during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on 51 unselected patients, 18 with cardiovascular disease. Sedation with intravenous diazepam produced a small but significant fall (P is less than .001) in blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product. During endoscopy, the blood pressure rose only to base line levels but the heart rate and rate-pressure product went significantly higher (P is less than .001). Nine subjects (fice with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, four normal) exhibited electrocardiographic changes, including supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular ectopy and significant ST segment depression. None of the patients had bradycardia or significant vagal symptomatology. The difference in incidence of abnormalities between the normal patients (4/33) and those with cardiovascular disease (5/18) was not statistically significant (P = 0.3). Endoscopy can be safely performed even in patients with cardiovascular diseasebut attention to the reduction of cardiac stress would further increase its safety. PMID- 707461 TI - Adrenergic influences on the gallbladder emptying. AB - Dihydroergotamine (dhe) (or phentolamine), an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, induced important changes on the CCK-stimulated gallbladder emptying of 70 volunteer subjects. Two cholecystograms were performed with 10-day intervals in each subject. The first cholecystogram showed gallbladder emptying provoked by a test meal (35 subjects or by 0.5 U. CCK Kg. injected intravenously (35 subjects). During the second cholecystogram 1 mg. of DHE was injected intramuscularly 45 minutes befor the cholecystokinetic stimulus. The drug counteracted the gallbladder emptying induced by both endogenous and exogenous CCK. The effect was more pronounced when DHE was administered prior to the test meal stimulus than before CCK administration. This difference could be explained by a delayed gastric emptying induced by the alpha-adrenergic blockade. Our results suggest that the lack of gallbladder emptying could be due to the relaxation of this organ, in addition to a duodenal spasticity induced by DHE (or phentolamine). PMID- 707462 TI - Rapid diagnosis of obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic abscess with pancreaticobiliary fistula. AB - A case of pancreatic abscess with pancreaticobiliary fistula manifesting as obstructive jaundice of occult etiology is presented. Diagnosis was made preoperatively by skinny needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. In addition, a communication between the biliary tree and the pancreatic abscess cavity was demonstrated in the absence of previous biliary surgery or primary biliary tract disease. We feel this is the procedure of choice for emergency visualization of the biliary tree in a jaundiced patient where a surgically approachable lesion is suspected. PMID- 707463 TI - Pancreatic excretion test and barrier hypothesis in progression of chronic pancreatitis. AB - Simultaneous data of the pancreozymin-secretin test and the pancreatic excretion test with 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione DMO) were reported for 50 patients with chronic pancreatitis. The pancreozymin-secretin test was abnormal in 90% of the patients, while the pancreatic DMO excretion test showed abnormality in 100% of the patients. The dynamic process of pancreatic excretory dysfunction is discussed. Over 60% of patients with low to moderate grade chronic pancreatitis showed a discordant pattern of decreased DMO output with normal bicarbonate concentration or normal volume flow. Approximately 96% of patients with advanced grade chronic pancreatitis had a excretory pattern of decreased DMO output with low bicarbonate concentration and decreased volume flow. These findings may further develop a barrier hypothesis in chronic pancreatitis. In the early stage of chronic pancreatitis, when functional capacity of the duct is preserved fairly well, the extraductal barrier to the rapid DMO diffusion into the ducts (diffusion barrier) may be primarily responsible for impaired pancreatic DMO excretion. With progression of chronic pancreatitis, the intraductal barrier (outflow barrier) may become pronounced and precipitate pancreatic excretory dysfunction for DMO. The concept of pancreatic barriers may well serve to systematize major histologic alterations observed in chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 707465 TI - Spontaneous umbilical hernia rupture: a report of three cases. AB - Three cases of spontaneous umbilical hernia rupture in patients with alcoholic liver disease and ascites are reported. Eighteen cases have been previously reported in the literature. These 21 cases are reviewed in an attempt to determine precipitating events, prognostic factors, complications, and the results of therapy. All patients had significant ascites prior to umbilical rupture. Ulceration of the umbilicus prior to rupture was common (81%). The subsequent presence of peritonitis, hypotension, renal failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage or hepatic coma was associated with significant mortality (80%). All patients with a serum albumin above 2.4 gm./dl. survived. There were no survivors in those patients who did not receive surgical treatment. Based upon the outcome of these 21 patients optimal treatment of this disorder would seem to be early surgical repair of the umbilical hernia, appropriate fluid and electrolyte replacement, antiobiotics and measures to reduce intraabdominal pressure. PMID- 707464 TI - Inhibition of ethionine pancreatitis in the rabbit by DL-BETA-3 thienylalanine pretreatment. AB - Beta-3 thienylalanine, an inhibitor of zymogen formation, was studied in the experimental model of ethionine pancreatitis in the rabbit. Beta-3TA pretreated and nonpretreated rabbits were given ethionine for six days and controls were given chow only. Animals were killed and serum amylase values determined. Pancreatic tissue was studied by light and electron microscopy. Beta-3TA pretreated rabbits on ethionine showed normal amylase values, while those receiving only ethionine showed high values. Microscopic examination showed severe pancreatitis in the nonpretreated group but only mild vacuolization of cells in the Beta-3TA pretreated animals. Electron microscopy demonstrated integrity of rough endoplasmic reticulum in pretreated animals and severe distortion of cytoplasmic organelles in nonpretreated animals. PMID- 707466 TI - Malabsorption in giardiasis. PMID- 707467 TI - Intestinal obstruction due to a wandering spleen. PMID- 707468 TI - Vagotogenic cholecystitis. AB - Truncal vagotomy provokes acute cholecystitis in the stone-containing gallbladder of dogs. An apparently similar sequence has been fortuitously observed in three patients. These circumstances suggest that where cholelithiasis is encountered in a clinical situation in which truncal vagotomy is performed, cholecystectomy or stone removal and cholecystostomy be done as a synchronous adjunctive procedure. PMID- 707469 TI - The radiology corner: duodenocolonic fistula with gallstone ileus. PMID- 707470 TI - Randomization by group: a formal analysis. PMID- 707471 TI - The community-based model of life style intervention trials. PMID- 707473 TI - Occurrence of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer in an Eskimo population hyperendemically infected with hepatitis B virus. AB - Hepatitis type B is hyperendemic in Greenland with serologic evidence of infection in 54% of adults and a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier rate of 7--25%. The impact of this infection rate on the occurrence of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer (PLC) was studied. Mortality rates for cirrhosis were obtained from official mortality statistics, 1951--1975. PLC was identified by a study of all biopsy and necropsy material taken in the study area during the same period. Neither cirrhosis nor PLC was found to be a more prevalent cause of death in this population than in Northern Europe where hepatitis B is at least 10-fold less prevalent. It is concluded that hepatitis B infection per se does not contribute significantly to the development of cirrhosis or to PLC, at least in the Eskimo population of Greenland. PMID- 707472 TI - Incidence rates and risk factors of benign breast neoplasms. AB - A case-control study of benign breast disease was conducted in Greater Boston in 1968-1969. Cases were nearly all women living in the reference population who were initially diagnosed as having fibrocystic disease, fibroadenoma or a "mixed" lesion during the study period. Controls were a random sample of the entire reference population. A mail questionnaire was completed for 678 cases and for 1807 controls. For fibrocystic disease the age-standardized incidence rate was 89.4 per 100,000 woman-years; for fibroadenoma it was 32.8. Fibrocystic disease rises in incidence to age 45 and then declines sharply. The incidence rate of fibroadenoma peaks during the 20's, while that of mixed tumors has a mode at 30 to 34. Among young women, the highest rates occur in married nulliparae, but this is not so at higher ages. Neither for fibroadenoma nor fibrocystic disease was there a consistent relationship of risk with parity or with age at first birth. Fibrocystic disease risk was strongly and directly related to age at natural menopause, directly but not strongly related to an index of socioeconomic status, and was increased among women who gave a history of arthritis. Both fibrocystic disease and fibroadenoma were much less frequent in more obese women. Neither fibrocystic disease nor fibroadenoma has an epidemiologic pattern which corresponds closely to that of breast cancer. Therefore, it seems reasonable to suggest that the apparent increased risk of breast cancer among women with benign breast disease is concentrated within a subset of these women. PMID- 707474 TI - Cohort study of venereal disease. I: the risk of gonorrhea transmission from infected women to men. AB - Reliable data on the risk of transmission of N. gonorrhoeae would enhance our understanding of the importance of host defenses against gonorrhea and would aid in the evaluation of prophylactic measures. This paper examines the risk of transmission of gonorrhea from infected female to male and the role that variables such as race, prophylaxis and amount of exposure play in the development of gonococcal urethritis. Volunteer crew members of a large naval vessel were followed prospectively as a cohort to study their risk of acquiring gonococcal infection during a four-day liberty period in the Far East. At the same time the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae was determined in a population of females to whom the sailors were exposed. The calculated risk of transmission per exposure with an infected partner was .19 for whites and .53 for blacks. A statistically significant relationship was noted between the risk of transmission of gonorrhea and both the number of partners and the frequency of sexual intercourse. Further, the increasing infection rate with increasing numbers of exposures in men who had a single sex partner suggests that the majority of men are in fact susceptible to gonorrhea if the quantity of exposure is sufficient. PMID- 707475 TI - Antitoxin responses in the elderly to tetanus-diphtheria (TD) immunization. AB - A high per centage of reported cases of tetanus and diphtheria in the United States occurs in persons over 60 years old. The sera of 69 elderly persons, mean age 80 years, were tested for prevalence of tetanus and diphtheria antibodies, and only 51% and 59%, respectively, had protective levels (greater than or equal to .01 AU/ml). In a prospective study 27 elderly volunteers were given 0.5 ml tetanus-diphtheria (Td) toxoid twice, seven months apart. Before toxoid 26% and 59% of persons had protective antitoxin levels against tetanus and diphtheria. After one dose the per cent protected rose to 42 and 88. After the second dose all persons immunized had protective levels. No subjects had significant side effects after either dose. These data demonstrate that many elderly persons lack protection against tetanus and diphtheria and document that two doses of Td toxoid would confer immunity to virtually all such persons. PMID- 707476 TI - Botulism type B: epidemiologic aspects of an extensive outbreak. AB - Between March 31 and April 6, 1977, 59 individuals developed type B botulism. All ill persons had eaten at the same Mexican restaurant and all had consumed a hot sauce made with improperly home-canned jalapeno peppers, either by adding it to their food, or by eating a nacho that had had hot sauce used in its preparation. There was a highly significant association between illness and consumption of hot sauce when a comparison was made between ill persons and well controls: 4% of all restaurant patrons eating at the restaurant during the outbreak period became ill with botulism; however, approximately two-thirds of those actually exposed to the toxic hot sauce became ill. Disease severity was statistically correlated with incubation periods. No differences in disease severity were found between persons of different age groups. The full clinical spectrum (mild symptomatology with neurologic findings through life-threatening ventilatory paralysis) of type B botulism was documented. PMID- 707477 TI - Re: "latitude, migration, and the prevalence of multiple sclerosis". PMID- 707478 TI - Re: "an epidemiologic study of homicides in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania". PMID- 707479 TI - Re: "estimation versus detection in the assessment of synergy". PMID- 707480 TI - Uncontolled ruminations on modern controlled trials. PMID- 707481 TI - Symposium on CHD prevention trials: design issues in testing life style intervention. PMID- 707482 TI - Life style intervention in clinic-based trials. PMID- 707483 TI - Controlled trials of the diet-heart hypothesis: some comments on the experimental unit. PMID- 707484 TI - Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni. AB - Risk of first heart attack was found to be related inversely to energy expenditure reported by 16,936 Harvard male alumni, aged 35-74 years, of whom 572 experienced heart attacks in 117,680 person-years of followup. Stairs climbed, blocks walked, strenuous sports played, and a composite physical activity index all opposed risk. Men with index below 2000 kilocalories per week were at 64% higher risk than classmates with higher index. Adult exercise was independent of other influences on heart attack risk, and peak exertion as strenuous sports play enhanced the effect of total energy expenditure. Notably, alumni physical activity supplanted student athleticism assessed in college 16-50 years earlier. If it is postulated that varsity athlete status implies selective cardiovascular fitness, such selection alone is insufficient to explain lower heart attack risk in later adult years. Ex-varsity athletes retained lower risk only if they maintained a high physical activity index as alumni. PMID- 707485 TI - Follow-up of vasectomy using medical record linkage. AB - The authors report the findings from an on-going of 1764 vasectomized men followed up by means of the Scottish medical record linkage system for a total of 4500 man-years after operation. The authors view the results so far as reassuring regarding the safety of vasectomy, although the mean length of follow-up (2.6 years) is still short. The study will continue. Some features of this method of follow-up are described and discussed. PMID- 707486 TI - Cardiorespiratory disease mortality among British and Norwegian migrants to the United States. AB - Mortality rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic non-specific lung disease (CNSLD), and lung cancer for ages 45-74 years were studied for British and Norwegian migrants to the U.S. and for sample of U.S. native-born. The observed order for CHD and lung cancer was as anticipated, with native-born experiencing the highest CHD rate, British migrants the highest lung cancer rate, and, in each instance, Norwegian migrants experiencing the lowest rates. For CNSLD, contrary to national comparisons, the British migrant rates were about equal to the U.S. native-born although Norwegian migrant rates were lowest, as expected. Migrants who were younger than 15 years of age at migration experienced the highest CHD mortality levels, but a decreasing gradient in mortality level with increasing age at migration did not materialize. Due to inherent limitations in the data, results for CNSLD and lung cancer mortality levels with respect to age at migration remain uncertain. Data on cigarette smoking status indicated substantial excess mortality for cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers and occasional smokers for all groups studied. PMID- 707487 TI - The relationship between alcohol, liver disease, and testicular pathology. AB - Impotence, infertility and feminization have been frequently reported among male cirrhotic patients. Previous studies have suggested that liver disease was the basis of these effects. Recent clinical and laboratory experimental studies have suggested that alcohol consumption may have a direct effect on both testosterone metabolism and spermatogenesis. The effect may be mediated through the central nervous system or directly on the testes. The present study compared the pathology in the liver and testes and the estimated alcohol consumption among men who had died suddenly from a variety of causes. Of 137 men studied, 20(14%) had moderate to severe decrease in spermatogenesis. Only 9 of 19 with decreased spermatogenesis also had severe or very severe fatty infiltration of the liver. However, 17 of 19 were classified as heavy alcohol drinkers and 14 were estimated to consume at least 417 gm of alcohol per week. Finally, the alcohol history was reviewed in relation to liver and testicular pathology. Only a weak association between the liver and testes pathology was noted. PMID- 707488 TI - Assessment of surveillance and vital statistics data for monitoring abortion mortality, United States, 1972-1975. AB - To assess the usefulness of vital statistics and surveillance for monitoring abortion mortality, the authors compared data from two systems of classification: 1) deaths classified according to the underlying cause by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) under the International Classification of Disease, Adapted (ICDA) code numbers 640-645 (abortion) for 1972-1975; and 2) abortion related deaths reported to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) through its epidemiologic surveillance of abortion mortality for the same years. Vital statistics classifications dealing with the underlying cause of death are based on criteria defined by ICDA guidelines applied to all available information listed on death certificates, and exclude some deaths classified as abortion related by CDC. Surveillance classifications are based on broader criteria developed by CDC for expanded data gathered by individual case investigation. Results showed that the surveillance techniques had identified more deaths as abortion-related and had resolved more cases into the specific abortion categories of legal, illegal, and spontaneous than vital statistics tabulations based on death certificates. The authors estimate that the surveillance system alone reported 88% of all abortion-related deaths, the vital statistics system 52%, and the two systems combined a total of 94%. Inadequate physician documentation on the death certificate was the primary reason vital statistics data contained a smaller number of reported abortion deaths than surveillance data. PMID- 707489 TI - The role of nationwide nosocomial infection surveillance in detecting epidemic bacteremia due to contaminated intravenous fluids. AB - Since January, 1970, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) has corridnated surveillance of nosocomial infections in a group of voluntarily cooperating hispitals in the United States. In 1970, this surveillance system failed to realize one of its major goals: detection of a nationwide epidemic of septicemia caused by contaminated intravenous products. However, retrospective review of infections reported to CDC revealed that the data received were sufficient for the outbreak to have been recognized. Beginning in July, 1970, one month after the contaminated products were first distributed and five months before the outbreak was actually detected. CDC data showed a persistent increase in the incidence of Enterobacter and Erwinia (presently designated Enterobacter agglomerans) bacteremia. Furthermore, monthly rates of cases of bacteremia caused by these organisms were higher in hospitals using the contaminated intravenous products than for hospitals not using them. Failure to detect this outbreak at the time of its occurrence was due to delays in data processing and insufficiently sophisticated data analysis. Based on this experience, CDC has modified the surveillance system to aid recognition of future outbreaks. PMID- 707491 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the eleventh annual meeting of the Society for Epidemiologic Research. PMID- 707490 TI - Estimating exposure-specific disease rates from case-control studies using Bayes' theorem. AB - The methods used for selecting subjects yield three types of case-control studies: 1) incident cases are compared to non-cases chosen to be representative of the exposure distribution among the person-years which produced the cases. In this type of study the exposure-odds ratio equals the incidence density ratio; 2) incident cases are compared to residual non-cases at the end of the risk period (exposure-odds ratio = cumulative incidence-odds ratio); 3) prevalent cases are compared to non-cases (exposure-odds ratio = prevalence odds ratio). In study type 1 the equivalence of odds ratio to rate ratio requires no "rare disease assumption;" this permits estimation of exposure-specific illness rates when the overall rate is known. In study types 2 and 3 the exposure-odds ratio equals the corresponding rate ratios only when exposure-specific rates are low. Nonetheless, exposure-specific rates can be calculated without making any rare disease assumption using Bayes' theorem and information on the overall disease rate. A method for obtaining approximate confidence limits around the exposure-specific rates is presented. PMID- 707492 TI - Assuring "detached but passionate investigation and decision": the role of guardians ad litem in Saikewicz-type cases. AB - The author focuses this Article upon the aspect of the Saikewicz decision which determines that the kind of "proxy consent" question involved in that case requires for its decision "the process of detached but passionate investigation and decision that forms the ideal on which the judicial branch of government was created." This aspect of the decision has drawn much criticism from the medical community on the ground that it embroils what doctors believe to be a medical question in the adversarial processes of the court system. The author criticizes the decision from an entirely opposite perspective, arguing that the court's opinion fails in not laying down guidelines that would assure a truly adversary process in Saikewicz-type cases. He agrees with the Saikewicz court that our democratic institutional structure and societal commitment to individual liberty require that persons not competent to consent for themselves to acts of euthanasia be protected by a process of "detached but passionate investigation and decision." However, he points out that this ideal of the court system was not realized in Saikewicz itself and is not likely to be realized in other cases without reform of some of the procedures currently being employed by the courts in "proxy consent" cases. Drawing on previous articles that he has written in related areas, he then proposes a set of guidelines that he believes not only will remove existing procedural deficiencies, but also may reform some aspects of the existing system that have drawn criticism from the medical community. PMID- 707493 TI - Park v. Chessin: the continuing judicial development of the theory of "wrongful life". AB - Park v. Chessin, a recent New York case, marked the first step toward judicial acceptance of the theory of "wrongful life." Wrongful life suits involve a cause of action brought by an infant, against a physician, alleging that the physician's failure to inform the child's parents of the possibility of their bearing a severely defective child was the proximate cause of the infant's birth, and thus resulted in harm to the infant. This Note explores recent legal developments that give precedential support to the development of the theory of wrongful life. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the awarding of monetary damages is an appropriate remedy for the wrongful life plaintiff, and it examines possible methods for measuring those damages. The Note concludes with an analysis of the capability of courts to adjudicate wrongful life suits, and of the possible ramifications of judicial acceptance of the theory of wrongful life. PMID- 707494 TI - Mannitol crystallization in plastic containers. PMID- 707495 TI - Third-party payer reimbursement for patient education and pharmacokinetic dosing services. PMID- 707496 TI - Salary survey of hospital pharmacy residency programs. PMID- 707497 TI - Pharmacy residency educational visits. PMID- 707498 TI - Aminoglycoside dose calculations. PMID- 707499 TI - Color-coded packaging and medication errors. PMID- 707500 TI - Estimated versus measured serum digoxin levels. PMID- 707501 TI - A slide rule for calculating drug dosages for children. PMID- 707502 TI - Heat instability of neutra-phos capsules. PMID- 707503 TI - The pharmacist and poisoning. PMID- 707504 TI - Evaluation of five activated charcoal formulations for inhibition of aspirin absorption and palatability in man. PMID- 707505 TI - Reimbursement for clinical pharmaceutical services. AB - Reimbursement for four clinical pharmaceutical services (growth hormone home instruction, patient consultation, patient visit and pharmacokinetic consultation), separate from other drug-related fees, is discussed. Included are descriptions of the clinical services, how they were provided, how charges were determined and documented, and how the proposal was submitted which initiated the charges. During a four-month observation period, from May to August 1977, 27 physicians requested a total of 71 clinical pharmaceutical services. Pharmacy charges generated by these requests totaled $4,492. Patients' and physicians' comments concerning the services have been positive, and pharmacy charges generated continue to average $1,100/month. PMID- 707506 TI - Appropriateness of the use of serum digoxin and digitoxin assays. AB - The use of 145 digoxin and digitoxin assays was studied in a teaching hospital to determine if performance of assays was appropriate and therapeutically beneficial. Patient charts (121) were randomly selected from a list of all patients for whom digoxin or digitoxin assays were performed. Charts were compared with established criteria to determine whether the assay was indicated and performed correctly and whether dosage was adjusted correctly based on assay results. Of the assays reviewed, 49% were performed for irrational indications; 86% were performed appropriately under steady-state conditions; and 96% used serum samples appropriately drawn more than six hours after administration of the last digitalis glycoside dose. Of the assays performed at appropriate times in relation to dose and at steady-state plasma concentrations (120), 31 should have and 89 should not have resulted in a dosage change. Of the latter, 98% were evaluated correctly. Of the former, 36% were not evaluated correctly (i.e., indicated dosage adjustments were not made). Control of the use of digitalis glycoside assays is needed. Pharmacists should become involved in monitoring drug assays to assure appropriateness of assay request, interpretation and follow-up. PMID- 707507 TI - Comparison of antibiotic serum concentrations after intramuscular oxacillin and oral cloxacillin in children. PMID- 707508 TI - Stability of frozen solutions of doxycycline hyclate for injection. PMID- 707509 TI - Bid purchasing of pharmaceuticals. AB - The effects of bid purchasing of drug products by hospitals and the factors to consider in bid purchasing of pharmaceuticals are reviewed; further, the prices available with bid purchasing to a specific hospital in 1974 and 1977 are presented. Factors important for a successful bid purchasing system of pharmaceuticals are: (1) use of a formulary policy, (2) an effective procedure for handling bid purchasing and (3) criteria for evaluation of drug products. Significant differences were found between prices available with and without bid purchasing for 50 nonproprietary drug products in 1974 and for 19 products in 1977. Although monetary savings to hospitals do exist with bid purchasing of pharmaceuticals, the degree of savings is dependent upon the drug usage for that hospital. PMID- 707510 TI - Use of a pharmacy technologist to manage technicians' activities. AB - The role of a pharmacy technologist, in comparison with that of a pharmacist and a pharmacy technician, is discussed as it was developed at one hospital. Training, staffing patterns, personnel functions, acceptance and salary of the technologist are described. The use of the technologist to manage technician level personnel is suggested as a means of providing the pharmacist with more time for professional activities. PMID- 707511 TI - Co-trimoxazole and warfarin: case report of an interaction. PMID- 707512 TI - Gentamicin-cephalothin drug reaction. AB - A case report describing the occurrence of nephrotoxicity in a 26-year-old black male with sickle cell anemia after concurrent i.v. administration of gentamicin sulfate and cephalothin sodium is presented. Cephalothin 1 g.i.v. every six hours was given for three days for a Klebsiella infection demonstrated by urine and blood culture to be cephalosporin sensitive. Cephalothin was then discontinued and gentamicin, after an i.v. loading dose of 2.6 mg/kg, was given for 14 days in a dosage of 1.3 mg/kg every eight hours. After cultures of pus aspirated from the right thigh demonstrated Klebsiella, 2 g of cephalothin was administered i.v. every six hours and gentamicin sulfate was discontinued. Gentamicin therapy was reinstituted two days later, at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day. The gentamicin cephalothin therapy was continued for nine days. The gentamicin dosage interval was increased from every eight to every 16 hours when serum creatinine and gentamicin levels became elevated. Gentamicin was discontinued entirely two days later because serum gentamicin levels were not decreasing. Previous case reports and studies of nephrotoxicity associated with concurrent gentamicin-cephalothin therapy are reviewed. Pharmacists should be alert to the possible increased incidence of nephrotoxicity occurring with concurrent genticin-cephalothin therapy. PMID- 707513 TI - Commercial radiopharmacies continue to grow as alternative to inhouse preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 707514 TI - Normotension and hypertension: the mysterious viability of the false. PMID- 707515 TI - Plasmapheresis in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. PMID- 707516 TI - Uveitis is a systemic disorder. PMID- 707517 TI - Health impact of the physician. PMID- 707518 TI - Campylobacteriosis in man: pathogenic mechanisms and review of 91 bloodstream infections. AB - Five patients with Campylobacter fetus(previously called "Vibrio fetus") bacteremia are presented with enteric symptoms in four patients, a self-limited course in three, and with possible nosocomial infection in one patient who had disseminated malignancy. The clinical syndromes of 91 bacteremic patients with campylobacteriosis and C. fetus taxonomy and pathogenicity are reviewed. Studies of potential pathogenic mechanisms in enteric infections failed to reveal the production of either heat-stable or heat-labile, cholera-like enterotoxin, cytotoxicity or invasiveness. In comparison with different species of vibrio infections, C. fetus appears to produce disease by a different mechanism, one which involves a bloodstream infection, perhaps following penetration through the intestinal mucosa as has been demonstrated experimentally with salmonellae and yersinia. Such a pattern is consistent with the clinical pattern of C. fetus infections and the experimental studies reported herein. PMID- 707519 TI - Effect of oral purine load and allopurinol on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine of patients with hyperuricosuric calcium urolithiasis. PMID- 707521 TI - Acquired antithrombin III deficiency and thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Antithrombin III levels were studied in relation to the occurrence of thromboembolism in 48 patients with various degrees of proteinuria. Nine of these patients had clinical signs of thrombosis, including four with renal vein thrombosis. In eight of these nine patients, antithrombin III concentrations were below 70 per cent. There was a significant negative correlation between the antithrombin III concentration and the urinary protein excreation (P less than 0.001). Antithrombin III was found in the urine of 32 of 42 patients. There was a significant correlation between the renal clearance and the degree of antithrombin III serum deficiency (P less that 0.001). The clearance and serum level of albumin closely paralleled these changes. We conclude that thrombosis in patients with severe proteinuria is associated with a deficiency of antithrombin III due to urinary excretion of this protein. PMID- 707520 TI - Pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in lymphosarcoma cell leukemia. Role of an osteoclast activating factor-like substance and a mechanism of action for glucocorticoid therapy. AB - The pathogenesis of hypercalcemia and mode of action of glucocorticoid therapy was examined in a patient with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia. Circulating neoplastic cells were cultured in vitro and secreted a bone-resorbing factor. The bone-resorbing factor was partially purified with the use of a bioassay for bone resorption, and was found to be chromatographically and pharmacologically similar to osteoclast activiating factor (OAF), which is produced by normal mitogen activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Other factors which stimulate bone resorption, such as parathyroid hormone, prostaglandins and the vitamin D metabolites, were excluded by criteria which included dose-response curves, radioimmunoassays, extraction in organic solvents and failure of glucocorticoids to inhibit bone-resorbing activity. The patient's hypercalcemia responded rapidly to prednisone therapy. The effects of the bone-resorbing factor secreted by the neoplastic cells on bone cultures to which cortisol was added were examined. Cortisol inhibited bone resorption directly at low doses (10(-8) M), which suggests that prednisone may have lowered the serum calcium in this patient by direct inhibition of bone resorption. PMID- 707523 TI - Hereditary osteodysplasia with acro-osteolysis. (The Hajdu-Cheney syndrome). AB - A mother and son with acro-osteolysis (Hajdu-Cheney syndrome) are described. In addition to osteolysis of the distal phalanges, these patients have a generalized osseous dysplasia with osteoporosis, premature loss of teeth, short stature and a distinctive facial appearance. In one of the cases an enlarged sella turcica was associated with no abnormality of endocrine function. A biopsy specimen taken from an area of active osteolysis in a phalanx was studied by light and electron microscopy. There was active replacement of central medullary bone by a fibrous and angiomatous process characterized by the presence of small, thick-walled vessels and an unusual number of interspersed nerve fibers and mast cells. A neurovascular dysfunction with local release of osteolytic mediators may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder, but the nature of the osteolytic factor is unknown. PMID- 707522 TI - Role of renin and aldosterone suppression in the antihypertensive mechanism of clonidine. PMID- 707524 TI - Asbestos exposure and related neoplasia. The 28 year experience of a major urban hospital. AB - In a retrospective study of 49 cases of asbestosis, a steady increase in the frequency of diagnosis of asbestosis and asbestos-related neoplasia is documented from a major urban hospital since 1960. Although in the majority of cases the subjects were exposed to asbestos in a neighboring shipyard, in 20 per cent of the cases, asbestos exposure was in industries not related to shipbuilding, reflecting its widespread use. This selective population of patients with asbestosis more often than not had an associated neoplasm. The most likely accompanying tumor was pleural mesothelioma, and among cell types of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma was notably frequent. PMID- 707525 TI - Response to pyridoxine hydrochloride in refractory anemia due to myelofibrosis. AB - Eleven of 14 patients with primary myelofibrosis were given a therapeutic trial with 250 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride daily because of refractory anemia. The effect on the hemoglobin level and the hematocrit value was studied and compared to that in a group of untreated patients with the same degree of anemia. Six of 11 treated patients responded within three months with a rise in the hemoglobin level (at least 3 g/100 ml) and/or an increase in the hematocrit value (at least 10 per cent), and transfusions were no longer required. Deliberate discontinuation of pyridoxine treatment in one responding patient was followed by a relapse of the anemia; resumption of therapy once again induced an erythropoietic response. Spontaneous remissions of anemia were not observed in the untreated group. It is concluded that a trial with pyridoxine is warranted in patients with myelofibrosis and refractory anemia. PMID- 707526 TI - Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. Clinicopathologic correlations in 20 patients treated with prednisone/azathioprine. AB - Twenty patients with diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease diagnosed by open lung biopsy received combined prednisone/azathioprine therapy. Twelve patients demonstrated improvement with therapy. Each patient's clinical presentation, roentgenologic features and pathologic findings were correlated with their therapeutic response. Patients with an illness of one year's duration or less had a more favorable response to therapy than patients with a greater than two year duration of illness. Patients with associated extrathoracic abnormalities (anemia, glomerulitis, hepatopathy) exhibited a better therapeutic response that those with only pulmonary disease. The biopsy material from each patient was quantitatively graded on 20 morphologic variables. Statistical analysis using multiple linear regression revealed that a single variable, degree of interstitial fibrosis, was more that 90 per cent accurate in separating those responsive to therapy from those who failed to respond. Patients who respond to treatment had less interstitial fibrosis. Neither the amount of alveolar septal inflammation nor intra-alveolar cellular reaction was discriminatory in predicting response to therapy. A beneficial response to therapy was reflected in both improved lung volumes and gas exchange. Eight patients appeared to have a selective beneficial effect from azathioprine. PMID- 707527 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. Recurrent hematuria with late hypertension and renal failure. PMID- 707528 TI - A syndrome associating partial albinism and immunodeficiency. AB - Two unrelated patients with partial albinism, frequent pyogenic infections and acute episodes of fever, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are described. Their pigmentary dilution was characterized by large clumps of pigments in the hair shafts and an accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes. Melanocytes had few short dendritic expansions, and keratinocytes were hypopigmented. No or few Langerhans' cells were detected in skin by electron microscopy and ATP-ase reactions. This pigmentary dilution, different from all other human albinisms, resembles the unique defect of the mutant dilute (d-d) mouse. Despite the presence of an adequate number of T and B lymphocytes, the patients were hypogammaglobulinemic, deficient in antibody production and incapable of manifesting delayed skin hypersensitivity or of rejecting skin grafts. Their leukocytes did not stimulate normal lymphocytes and could not generate cytotoxic cells during mixed leukocyte reaction. T lymphocytes of one patient were unable to exert a helper effect on the maturation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin containing cells following in vitro stimulation with pokeweed mitogen. This suggests that the humoral deficiency might be secondary to a defect of helper T lymphocytes. Granulocytes did not show any morphologic abnormality, and their bactericidal activity was only moderately reduced. An increased number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with polar distribution of Concanavaline A (Con A) receptors (capping) was found in one patient and her parents. The family histories suggest that this syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive character. PMID- 707529 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 24 year old man had a nonproductive cough and chest pain. Chest roentgenogram showed a diffuse infiltrate, and pulmonary function studies showed restrictive lung disease. Extremity weakness, deteriorating mental status and neuropathy progressed as pulmonary findings diminished on corticosteroid therapy. Lung biopsy showed lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The neurologic status deteriorated despite treatment with Cytoxan, intrathecal methotrexate and brain irradiation. Autopsy showed mass lesions of lymphomatoid granulomatosis in the brain and healed lesions in the lungs. A review of the neurologic and pulmonary findings in reported cases show that diminution of pulmonary disease with progression of neurologic disease manifest by mass lesion is unusual. Since the etiology, prognosis and prevalence of this disease remains undefined, all patients with this disease should be reported on. PMID- 707530 TI - The streptococcus and human disease. PMID- 707531 TI - A public health strategy against alcoholism and its complications. PMID- 707532 TI - Persistent bacteremia in staphylococcal endocarditis. AB - We treated five patients with persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis. Surgical intervention or a "second-line" antistaphylococcal agent was required for bacteriologic cure in each. Special bacteriologic evaluation failed to demonstrate methicillin resistance or antibiotic "tolerance" among the strains of Staphylococcus tested. Cephalosporin agents were noted to be more susceptible to inoculum effect than either methicillin or nafcillin. All patients survived; the explanation for their atypical course is obscure. We present an approach to patients with persistent Staph. aureus bacteremia and endocarditis. PMID- 707533 TI - Factitious and fraudulent fever. AB - The task of elucidating the etiology of fever of undertermined origin remains a major undertaking. Factitious fever is uncommonly considered of major importance in the differential diagnosis of fever of undetermined origin although it is a readily identifiable, syndrome and one that is easily excluded one it has been considered. Early identification may reduce the necessity for prlonged, expensive and potentially hazardous hospitalizations for such patients. A retrospective study identified 2.2 per cent (11 of 506) of all patients whose fever on their charts was coded as fever of undetermined origin as having factitious fever. These patients either created factitious fever by manipulation of the thermometer or fraudulent fever by self-induced means. A review of the literature yielded an additional 70 cases in which fever was either the sole factitious sign or part of a larger, more complex factitious illness. Patients were typically young, female and often associated with the medical profession. Patients with factitious fever differ from those with the stereotyped Munchausen's syndrome and may be difficult to recognize. Signs leading to the recognition of this syndrome are emphasized. Since the nature of the psychiatric illness may vary from patient to patient, early discovery may facilitate psychiatric intervention as such patients may be more amenable to therapy. PMID- 707535 TI - Pituitary function after pituitary apoplexy. AB - Pituitary function was studied in nine patients who had recovered from pituitary apoplexy. All the patients recovered spontaneously; none required immediate surgery. Four of the patients had acromegaly, two had pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, and a "functionless" pituitary adenoma was found in three. Low serum growth hormone concentrations were observed in three patients with acromegaly whereas the concentration remained increased in the fourth one. Of the two patients with Cushing's syndrome, a selective ACTH-deficiency developed in one and Nelson's syndrome appeared with excessive secretion of ACTH in the other. Transient or persistent hypofunction of the anterior pituitary occurred in al patients. Three patients underwent hypophysectomy after respective intervals of three, eight and 12 months after pituitary apoplex. The operation revealed a hemorrhage in one functionless adenoma and a large cyst in another one. In the third patient who had acromegaly, no signs of the pituitary apoplexy were observed at operation. PMID- 707534 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis due to methicillin. AB - Fourteen patients are described with a syndrome of methicillin-induced interstitial nephritis. In all patients severe renal dysfunction developed with an average peak serum creatinine of 8 mg/100 ml. An increased total peripheral eosinophil count was found in all patients. All patients had sterile pyuria and each of nine patients studied by Wright's stain of urine sediment had marked eosinophiluria. These findings are suggestive of methicillin-induced interstitial nephritis, although proteinura was a variable finding in our patients. Eight of 14 patients in our study received prednisone therapy for their interstitial nephritis, and the time lapse between maximal and final base line serum creatinine levels was statistically less in the prednisone-treated compared to the nontreated groups. Clinical manifestations of this syndrome are discussed, and the light and electron microscopic and immunofluorescent findings on renal biospy are described. PMID- 707536 TI - Clinical utility of gated cardiac blood pool imaging in congestive left heart failure. PMID- 707537 TI - The effect of isosorbide dinitrate on left ventricular size, wall stress and left ventricular function in chronic refractory heart failure. An echocardiographic study. PMID- 707538 TI - Contribuiton of M-mode echocardiography to cardiac diagnosis. An assessment in 1,000 successive patients. AB - The contribution of M-mode echocardiography to cardiac diagnosis was evaluated in a series of 1,000 successive patients. Among subjects in whom a presumptive clinical diagnosis had been made, echocardiography demonstrated totally unexpected findings in 10 per cent, supported the clinical diagnosis in 50 per cent and was entirely within normal limits in 19 per cent. Among patients with evidence of heart disease but no firm clinical diagnosis, echocardiography established the diagnosis in 23 per cent, including 20 per cent of all patients referred for evaluation of chest pain or arrhythmia of unclear etiology. "Missed" clinical diagnosis frequently involved patients with mitral valve prolapse, congestive cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease or asymmetrical septal hypertrophy of the heart. This study quantifies the amount of independent information contributed by echocardiography to cardiac diagnosis and demonstrates that this technic provides data of important clinical relevance in a surprisingly large number of cardiac patients. PMID- 707539 TI - Pericardiocentesis. PMID- 707540 TI - Generalized elastolysis (cutis laxa). AB - Generalized elastolysis is a rare and unique systemic disorder of connective tissue in which the elastic fibers suddenly become fragmented, disorganized and fewer in number with the resultant production of such entities as cutis laxa, emphysema, aortic aneurysms and bowel diverticula appearing in the organ system involved, that is, skin, lung, vasculature or gastrointestinal tract. Presented here are three cases that, illustrate the typical features of this condition. In addition, 14 more cases were retrieved from the literature and the information reviewed. Various etiologic factors relating to the synthesis and degradation of elastic tissue are discussed in light of recent findings in the biochemistry of connective tissue. PMID- 707541 TI - Early anthracycline cardiotoxicity. AB - Eight patients in whom cardiac dysfunction developed within four weeks of receiving their first or second course of daunorubicin or doxorubicin are described. Four patients presented with pericarditis; three of these four had evidence of myocardial dysfunction. Histopathologic analysis of these patients was consistent with an acute myocyte damage and secondary inflammatory process. An additional group of four patients presented with symptoms and signs of heart failure. These patients were either elderly or had evidence of previous cardiac disease. One of these patients suffered a myocardial infarction 24 hours after receiving 60 mg/m2 of daunorubicin; earlier doses in the same course had been associated with evidence of myocardial ischemia. We conclude that anthracycline antibiotics may manifest clinically significant cardiotoxicity at total cumulative doses much less than have been associated with chronic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 707542 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. Mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 707543 TI - Fatal pulmonary hypertension and resolving immune-complex glomerulonephritis in mixed connective tissue disease. A case report and review of the literature. AB - Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) has been characterized as a benign rheumatic syndrome with a favorable response to immunosuppressive therapy. Serious renal and pulmonary involvement are reported to be rare in MCTD. We are describing a female adolescent with MCTD in whom fatal cor pulmonale developed due to recurrent thromboembolic primary pulmonary hypertension. Death occurred after two years of therapy with prednisone and azathioprine for an immune-complex glomerulonephritis. Paramesangial and intramembranous electron-dense deposits had been identified in several glomeruli at the start of treatment. Improved renal function and apparent histologic improvement were demonstrated four months after the institution of prednisone and azathioprine therapy, and stable renal function was maintained until death. The pulmonary hypertension was progressive and apparently not altered by either the prednisone or azathioprine. At necropsy, there was no evidence of a pulmonary arteritis or vascular immune-complex deposition to account for the recurrent thromboembolic lesions in the small pulmonary arteries and arterioles. This is a clinical course not previously described in patients with MCTD and may represent an extreme of the clinical spectrum of this syndrome. PMID- 707544 TI - Bacterial invasion of pulmonary vessels. Pseudomonas bacteremia mimicking pulmonary thromboembolism with infarction. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays a curious propensity for invading blood vessels and causing vessel wall necrosis. This bacteremia-related "vasculitis" is often associated with hemorrhagic necrosis and infarction of surrounding organ parenchyma. With the exception of skin lesions, however, clinical manifestations of Ps. aeruginosa vasculitis seldom occur. In the patient we describe, fatal Ps. aeruginosa bacteremia was first manifested by a syndrome indistinguishable from pulmonary thromboembolism with infarction. PMID- 707545 TI - Evaluation of disc diffusion susceptibility testing performed from a four-hour subculture of positive blood culture bottles. AB - Disc diffusion susceptibility tests were performed on standardized broth suspensions inoculated from a four-hour subculture of a positive blood culture bottle as well as from an agar plate subculture of the same positive blood culture bottle. The zone sizes and interpretative results of both methods were compared. Of 101 isolates tested, only one organism exhibited a very major difference between the two methods (one Staphylococcus epidermidis was interpreted as susceptible to methicillin by the four-hour subculture method and resistant by the agar plate subculture method). Thirteen other isolates showed minor changes from susceptible or resistant to intermediate or from intermediate to either susceptible or resistant with only one antibiotic each. The data indicates that disc diffusion susceptibilities may be performed easily and accurately from a four-hour subculture of positive blood culture bottles. PMID- 707546 TI - SOS. PMID- 707547 TI - Development of a P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education program for the community hospital. AB - A Professional Acknowledgment for Continuing Education (P.A.C.E.) approved continuing education program was developed for laboratory technologists at Sherman Hospital, Elgin, Illinois, on an in-service basis. The results of a needs analysis of staff technologists provided the basis for selection of program content. The program was presented as four one-hour monthly sessions and videotaped for showing at later dates. This methodology proved extremely effective in providing a maximum number of technologists with a P.A.C.E.-approved and documented continuing education program while keeping disruption of the work schedule in the laboratory to a minimum. PMID- 707548 TI - Utilizing program requirements to your advantage. AB - A curriculum summary developed to assist program officials and faculty of this medical technology program in meeting the American Medical Association Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation requirements as enumerated in the Essentials of an Accredited Educational Program for the Medical Technologist is described. After developing this curriculum summary, the faculty and program officials reaped unanticipated benefits from this summary. The curriculum summary aided the faculty and program officials in assuring that there was agreement between cognitive, affective, and psychomotor terminal behavioral objectives with instructional activities and methods of student evaluation. The psychomotor terminal behavioral objectives were modified and utilized as the basis for criterion-referenced, pass/fail laboratory practicals. Finally, the curriculum summary provided a rapid means of review for the curriculum review committee. PMID- 707549 TI - The preservation of articular cartilage. AB - Slivers of articular cartilage were stored in Ham's medium, plasma, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulphoxide at 0, -20, 4, and 38C. Survival was monitored by potassium determinations and autoradiography using S-35 and by matrix staining. Survival of 48 days was obtained in Ham's medium at 4C. PMID- 707550 TI - Equal Employment Law: impact on clinical laboratory field. PMID- 707551 TI - Scientists and wordsmiths. PMID- 707552 TI - Interpersonal values and job satisfaction of medical technologists. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpersonal value domain of certified medical technologists. By so doing, it was anticipated that a better understanding of what medical technologists consider important in their relationships with other people might be established. More specifically, this study examined the interpersonal values of medical technologists: 1) dichotomized by job satisfaction-dissatisfaction, and 2) at different job levels (bench level or supervisory level) in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 707553 TI - Energy conservation in laboratories. PMID- 707554 TI - A communications course in the medical technology curriculum. PMID- 707555 TI - Continuing education for laboratory personnel. AB - This study investigates the status of continuing education for laboratory personnel in West Virginia. From a total of 1,155 questionnaires mailed to 90 laboratories, 638 completed questionnaires were returned. Ninety-six and six tenths percent of the survey population (616 responses) expressed a desire for continuing education programs, but only 416 persons (65.2 percent) indicated that they had attended at least one continuing education program in the past five years. Only 15.8 percent of the survey population (101 persons) indicated they had ever attended continuing education programs sponsored by West Virginia University. Based on the information obtained, a model program for continuing education is submitted. PMID- 707556 TI - Amperometric determination of chloride with a rotating platinum electrode. AB - A titrimetric method for chloride analysis which uses a rotating platinum electrode for determining end points amperometrically was developed. It was found that sodium chloride solutions and both serum samples could be analyzed rapidly and accurately by this method. When a sodium chloride solution was added to a plasma sample, the recovery of the added chloride was 103 percent. PMID- 707557 TI - Computerization of clinical laboratory procedure manuals. AB - Current code requires federally licensed clinical laboratories to have standard operating procedure manuals describing all tests performed. A computerized system for generating, revising, and excerpting manuals, which produces hard copy and microfiche, has been developed and appears to meet the regulatory criteria. The salient aspects of pertinent federal regulations, the features of the computerized system, the format of the manual, the users' experience therewith are described. PMID- 707558 TI - Cardiac glycosides: digitalis, digoxin, and digitoxin. PMID- 707559 TI - Changing currents in health care. PMID- 707560 TI - ASMT/CMU external degree program: an evaluation--summary. PMID- 707561 TI - A new technique for obtaining micro blood samples: the ouchless fingerstick. PMID- 707562 TI - Stem cells. PMID- 707563 TI - Adolescent pregnancy: the Jackson, Mississippi, experience. AB - An adolescent pregnancy center combining the educational, medical, and social needs was operational in Jackson, Mississippi, from September, 1971, to July 1976. Administrative responsibilities were shared by the University of Mississippi and the Jackson Separate School District. From 1971 to 1975, 763 students were enrolled. The mean age was 16 and ages ranged from 11 to 18 years. Ninety-nine per cent were black and a majority were poor and from a single-parent home. There was a 78 per cent school retention rate, but the center did not reduce dependence upon welfare assistance. When center, noncenter, faculty, and unregistered patients were compared, no difference could be detected in the incidence of medical complications, low birth weight, hypertension, and hematocrit. When compared for age only hypertension and difficult deliveries appeared to be age related. PMID- 707564 TI - Immunologic and medical considerations in tuberculin-sensitized pregnant patients. AB - One-hundred and seventy-two pregnant patients were identified as tuberculin sensitive in the first trimester. These patients were followed throughout pregnancy for any signs or symptoms of active tuberculosis which were discovered only in the index case. Post partum, patients were again re-evaluated for tuberculosis and prophylactically treated with isoniazid if they met established criteria. The tuberculous host also represented a model for the study of cell mediated immunity, which presumably is altered in pregnancy. This investigation revealed a progressive depression of lymphocyte function to a specific antigen, purified protein derivative, obtaining significance at 36 weeks' gestation and continuing through delivery (p is less than 0.001). Nonspecific cell-mediated immunity, however, was not depressed when monitored throughout the gestation by the mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, which would stimulate all lymphocyte clones. This discrepancy in the alteration of specific clones of lymphocytes compared to all noncommitted lymphocytes may account for varying reports of the immune status of the pregnant woman. PMID- 707565 TI - Esophageal manometry in pregnant and nonpregnant women. AB - Esophageal and gastric tone was recorded in six pregnant and six nonpregnant women by means of a new technique for intraluminal pressure recordings. The recordings were performed in supine and standing positions, at rest, and during swallowing of saliva or water. It was found that the pregnant women had lower intraesophageal pressures but higher intragastric pressures compared to the nonpregnant women. In one of the pregnant women a negative pressure situation was recorded between the stomach and lower esophagus. This patient also complained of severe heartburn when she was lying down. Gastroesophageal reflux seems to be aggravated in pregnant women since esophageal peristalsis in these patients has lower wave speed and lower amplitude compared to nonpregnant women. PMID- 707566 TI - Myotonia dystrophica: obstetric complications. AB - We describe the course and outcome of 23 pregnancies in six women affected by myotonia dystrophica in a large Labrador family. A seventh patient had 14 pregnancies, so that the infertility commonly described in this disorder did not apply to this family. The rate of complications was high, particularly in respect of polyhydramnios, premature onset of labor, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal deaths. Polyhydramnios indicated that the fetus was abnormal. Direct observation of an atonic uterus at cesarean section supported other evidence that uterine muscle may be affected. We also report a newborn infant with the congenital form of myotonic dystrophy, a manifestation which has been attributed to the effect of a maternal intrauterine factor upon a fetus carrying the gene. PMID- 707567 TI - Fetal heart rate patterns and development in the first year of life. AB - The development of 50 high-risk infants who were provided intrauterine monitoring during labor was prospectively evaluated. Twelve infants had normal fetal heart rate patterns, 16 moderate-severe variable patterns, and 22 severe variable or late deceleration patterns. The parity, socioeconomic status, race of the mothers, and sex of the infants were similar in each group. The infants were examined neurologically 48 to 72 hours after birth and at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Denver Developmental Standard testing was performed at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. A statistically significant developmental bias was seen favoring those infants with normal fetal heart patterns. Fetal heart rate patterns predicted abnormal performance more accurately than did Apgar scores. Although this data is incomplete, the duration of ominous fetal heart rate patterns appears to adversely affect development. PMID- 707568 TI - Antepartum evaluation of the pre-ejection period of the fetal cardiac cycle. AB - The pre-ejection period (PEP) of the cardiac cycle was studied in 65 antepartum fetuses by means of a noninvasive technique which used simultaneous recordings of abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) and ultrasound fetal Doppler cardiogram (FDCG). Although most of the fetuses were products of high-risk pregnancies, 45 fetuses had uneventful perinatal courses. The PEP's from these fetuses demonstrated a significant positive relationship with gestational age (p is less than 0.01). Uterine contractions induced for antepartum stress testing of the fetus were founnd to prolong the PEP by approximately 9.1 per cent in five cases (four fetuses). The average PEP of antepartum fetuses between 38 and 40 weeks was shorter than that of intrapartum fetuses by approximately 9.5 per cent. Comparison between clinical outcome and the PEP's of the fetuses who were born within a week after the last determination of PEP revealed a strong correlation between prolonged PEP duration and abnormalities in the perinatal course. PMID- 707569 TI - Clinical and neurobehavioral effects of repeated intrauterine exposure to oxytocin: a prospective study. AB - A prospective investigation of 114 pregnant women compared 54 with consistently negative oxytocin challenge tests to 60 women who did not have oxytocin challenge tests but did have fetal monitoring during labor. Despite more high risk factors in the OCT group, there were no significant differences noted in the offspring. Specifically, extensive behavioral testing during the first 12 hours of life and at 3 days of age did not show any abnormalities. Furthermore, jaundice and respiratory distress were not seen more often after oxytocin exposure. These data argue that the OCT itself is without demonstrable adverse effects on the otherwise healthy fetus. PMID- 707570 TI - Oral contraceptives and platelet aggregation. AB - There are conflicting data in the literature concerning the effects of oral contraceptives on platelet aggregation. We studied 26 healthy women who used oral contraceptives for at least three months. The control group consisted of 25 healthy women of childbearing age, who were receiving no medications. No differences in platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, and collagen were found between the two groups. PMID- 707571 TI - Antiserotonin treatment of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea: long-term follow-up with metergoline, methysergide, and cyproheptadine. AB - Twenty patients affected by hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea-galactorrhea have been treated with one or more of the following serotonin antagonists: metergoline, methysergide, and cyproheptadine. Among the 11 patients without evidence of pituitary tumor resumption of menses was observed in five, two of whom had ovulatory cycles; one patient became pregnant; ovulations occurred only during treatment with metergoline. In the group of nine patients with enlarged sellae, three experienced isolated episodes of bleeding, while two had three and four menses each, respectively; all cycles were anovulatory. Plasma prolactin levels and galactorrhea were favorably affected by treatment only in a minority of amenorrhea-galactorrhea patients with and without tumors. PMID- 707572 TI - Inhibition of menstrual uterine motility during water diuresis. AB - Induced water diuresis blocks the central release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which is, in turn, supposed to play a role in the high uterine activity recorded during human menstruation. In order to further explore this possibility, uterine and antidiuretic activities were studied during water diuresis in 27 normal menstruating women, prior to the insertion of an intrauterine device. Shortly after the initiation of the water overload, simultaneous inhibition of both uterine and antidiuretic activities was obtained. Furthermore, the administration of ADH by intravenous infusion re-established the uterine motility to normal values while the administration of oxytocin did not. It is suggested that ADH has a direct role in the control of uterine activity during human menstruation. PMID- 707573 TI - Vaginal frank breech delivery of a hydrocephalic fetus after transabdominal encephalocentesis. PMID- 707574 TI - Postpartum solitary lung abscess. PMID- 707575 TI - Sarcoma botryoides of the vagina in childhood, treated by irradiation and vaginal reconstruction. PMID- 707576 TI - Pulmonary edema occurring after therapy with dexamethasone and terbutaline for premature labor: a case report. PMID- 707577 TI - Complication of abortion performed with plastic suction curet: intrauterine loss of the curet tip. PMID- 707578 TI - Maternal ethanol ingestion and the occurrence of human fetal breathing movements. AB - The study of the development of fetal breathing movements in human gestation may provide an increased understanding of maturation of the functional central nervous system (CNS). In seven term pregnancies low maternal blood alcohol levels suppressed fetal breathing movements. No effects on fetal oxygenation or acid base status were demonstrated at the low blood alcohol level. The suppression is therefore most consistent with a direct effect of alcohol on the fetal CNS. This investigation provides further support of the thesis that fetal breathing movements reflect some components of fetal CNS activity. PMID- 707579 TI - The transfer and metabolism of corticosteroids in the perfused human placenta. AB - The transfer and metabolism of cortisol, prednisolone, betamethasone, and dexamethasone were investigated in vitro in the perfused human placenta. Maternal and fetal circuits were established but the steroid was added to the former only. The clearance expressed as a fraction of the antipyrine transfer rate varied from 0.27 to 0.50, but there were no significant differences among the four steroids. All the steroids were metabolized extensively to their respective 11-ketosteroids and again there were no material differences among the steroids. The metabolic conversions of dexamethasone and betamethasone were far greater in the perfused placenta than in minced placenta. From the standpoint of placental transfer and metabolism, as observed in the perfusion studies, none of the four corticosteroids offers a decisive advantage in the antepartum maturation of the fetal pulmonary surfactant system. PMID- 707580 TI - The effects of an antihistamine and/or a glucocorticoid on the prolactin response to surgical procedures. AB - Prolactin (PRL) release in response to surgical stress has been demonstrated in a variety of species. Previous studies in rats indicate this response is blunted or blocked by pretreatment with either glucocorticoids or antihistamines. The present study was designed to investigate this phenomenon in man. Serum PRL levels before, during, and after major gynecologic surgery were measured in 20 women randomly assigned to one of four pretreatment regimens: (1) dexamethasone, (2) promethazine, (3) both agents, and (4) neither agent. Type of operation, preanesthetic medication, anesthetic agents, and estrogen status of patients were similar in all groups. Untreated controls exhibited the expected five- to tenfold increase in serum PRL concentration with surgery. Pretreatment with either dexamethasone or promethazine alone failed to suppress this response (in contrast to reported findings in the rat) and in fact promethazine appeared to cause an augmented response. However, patients given dexamethasone and promethazine together exhibited only a two- to threefold PRL increase, a significantly lesser response than that in any of the other groups. Thus, PRL release in response to general anesthesia and surgery is inhibited by the combination of an antihistamine (H-l) receptor antagonist and a glucocorticoid, whereas either agent alone has no suppressive effect. PMID- 707581 TI - The relationship of changes in mammary blood flow and plasma progesterone at the time of parturition in the ewe. AB - Previous studies indicate that there is a fall in maternal plasma progesterone and a marked increase in mammary blood flow (MBF) at the time of parturition in ewes. In this experiment the role of progesterone as a cause of this increase in MBF was investigated. Progesterone was infused (9.9 mcg. per minute) into a branch of the mammary artery in five sheep during the induction of premature labor by fetal dexamethasone infusion (1 mg. per 24 hours) to prevent the normal fall in concentration of local mammary artery progesterone. Five ewes used as controls received a mammary artery infusion of cholesterol (9.9 mcg. per minute). In the cholesterol-infused group MBF increased significantly from baseline after 13 +/- 4 hours (mean +/- standard error) to a peak flow of 235 +/- 9 ml. per minute. In the group receiving the progesterone the increase in MBF was delayed to 35 +/- 7 hours, reaching only 161 +/- 22 ml. per minute. These results were significantly different from control group results (p less than 0.01). This study suggests that the fall in maternal plasma progesterone which occurs at the time of parturition may play a role in the increase in MBF that occurs prior to the onset of labor, delivery, and lactogenesis. PMID- 707582 TI - Vaginal blood flow during the menstrual cycle. AB - Six nulliparous young women slept 16 to 27 consecutive nights in a clinical research center. Vaginal blood flow was estimated from rates of removal of heat from the vaginal wall by a cooled probe inserted by the women immediately upon awakening. Plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were determined. Measured also were vaginal temperature and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Systematic changes during the cycle were detected for all variables except systolic blood pressure. Rising levels of estradiol during late follicular phase were not correlated significantly with vaginal blood flow rates. PMID- 707583 TI - The relationship between blood flow and oxygen uptake in the uterine and umbilical circulations. AB - Control measurements of uterine blood flow (N = 110) or umbilical blood flow (N = 84) and the oxygen content difference across the circulation in question were analyzed to assess the effect of flow rate, measured by the diffusion equilibrium technique, on the oxygen uptake of either the uteroplacental-fetal tissue mass or the fetus alone. Although the rate of uterine blood flow varied widely (110 to 418 ml. per kilogram per minute, the rate of uterine oxygen uptake did not change significantly at low or high rates of flow. Likewise, the rate of umbilical blood flow varied widely (154 to 444 ml. per kilogram per minute) without a significant change in fetal oxygen uptake at the extremes of flow. In both circulations this was due to the existence of a reciprocal relationship between flow rate and deltaO2. PMID- 707584 TI - Fetal blood velocity waveforms. AB - In this paper a method is described for obtaining and characterizing fetal blood velocity waveforms. The signals were recorded with a range-gated Doppler instrument and characterized after spectral analysis. Preliminary observations indicate differences in the waveforms obtained during normal pregnancies compared with some complicated pregnancies. PMID- 707585 TI - Effects of indomethacin on sheep uteroplacental circulations and sensitivity to angiotensin II. AB - Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, injected simultaneously into the abdominal aorta of the ewe and her fetus at 125 days' gestation causes vasoconstriction of both the uterine and umbilical circulations. There is no change in these hemodynamic effects of indomethacin in the presence of phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. When the indomethacin experiment is repeated seven to 10 days later, a uterine vasoconstriction 10 per cent greater than that found earlier occurs, but there is no change from control umbilical vascular resistance. The mean maternal arterial pressure response (20 mm. Hg) to angiotensin II with and without indomethacin also was examined at the same time in gestation. Indomethacin infusion to the ewe significantly reduces the pressor dose (nanograms per kilogram per minute) by 42 +/- 4 per cent. Thus, in pregnant sheep in the third trimester, endogenous prostaglandins appear to be: (1) partial determinants of basal blood flow in both the uterine and umbilical circulations and (2) modulators of the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II in the ewe. PMID- 707586 TI - Circulatory responses to systemic infusions of estrone and estradiol-17alpha in nonpregnant, oophorectomized ewes. AB - Uterine arterial blood flow dose-response curves to systemic infusions of either estrone (E1) or estradiol-17alpha (E2alpha) were determined in ten oophorectomized, nonpregnant ewes. Maximum uterine blood flow occurred with 5 microgram per kilogram of E1 and greater than or equal to 20 microgram per kilogram of E2alpha. Total uterine blood flow measured with isotope-labeled microspheres rose more than tenfold following 30 microgram per kilogram of either estrogen, as did blood flow to the myometrium, endometrium, and uterine caruncles (p less than 0.05). Distribution of uterine blood flow was unaltered. Cervical and vaginal blood flows increased ten-to twenty-fold with E1 and E2alpha, while mammary gland blood flow rose 54 and 77 per cent. Significant increases in adrenal and thyroid blood flows were documented. The only significant decrease in blood flow occurred in the pancreas (- 13 percent; p less than 0.05) following E2alpha infusion. At the dose studied, E1 and E2alpha are potent vasodilators of reproductive tissues, especially the cervix and vagina. As they appear to be the major estrogens during ovine pregnancy, it is likely they participate in the preparation of these tissues for parturition. PMID- 707587 TI - Distribution of cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors in human endometrium. AB - Unoccupied estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were measured in the cytoplasm of five sections along the length of endometrium obtained from noncancerous, premenopausal hysterectomy specimens. The concentrations of the two receptors were measured with tritiated estradiol or R5020 (a synthetic progestin), the latter two having been purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and were found to be highest in the fundus and lowest in the cervix. Progesterone receptor levels, ranging from 50 to 3,500 fmoles of R5020 bound per milligram of protein, were generally much higher in each section of the endometrium than estrogen receptor levels, which ranged from 0 to 500 fmoles of estradiol bound per milligram of protein. Near ovulation it seemed that the distribution profiles of both receptors became very steep, with more than a tenfold difference in the receptor levels being found between the fundus and the cervix. Receptor levels measured in endometrial samples obtained by curettage or aspiration should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 707588 TI - Studies with a pancreatic beta cell simulator in the third trimester of pregnancies complicated by diabetes. AB - To determine the potential of an artificial pancreatic beta cell simulator as a therapeutic and research tool we have used the device for short-term monitoring and control of blood glucose concentrations in five pregnant patients with juvenile-onset diabetes (White's Class C) and three pregnant patients with maturity-onset diabetes (Class B). One patient with brittle juvenile-onset diabetes had successful control before, during, and after cesarean section. The other seven patients were studied during the third trimester of pregnancy and at least four weeks before delivery. Blood glucose control with Biostator regulation was excellent (mean, 96 mg. per deciliter; range, 85 to 107). The insulin requirements needed to achieve optimal glucose control with the Biostator were highly variable (range, 20 to 157 U. per 24 hours) but very similar to those previously calculated to provide optimal control by conventional means. Insulin requirements were unrelated to plasma growth hormone, placental lactogen, or glucagon concentrations. The greatest degree of insulin resistance was seen in obese patients with endogenous insulin-secretory capacity. This study indicates that a pancreatic beta cell simulator can normalize glucose concentrations and rapidly estimate daily insulin requirements in pregnant diabetic patients. In addition, the data suggest that exogenous insulin may indirectly suppress endogenous insulin secretion and thus contribute to the "insulin resistance" of obese patients with maturity-onset diabetes. PMID- 707589 TI - The effect of passive immunization against estradiol on the regulatory profile and character of labor in the rat. AB - Treatment of pregnant rats with antiestradiol (A-E2) serum twice a day, starting at 2100 hours on day 19, sharply increased circulating total estradiol (E2) above control values and drastically reduced the biologically active E2 unbound (E2U) to A-E2 in plasma and uterine tissue. This A-E2-induced and--sustained E2U deficiency was not accompanied by similar changes in plasma and tissue progesterone (P), since P decreased similarly in the control and A-E2--treated rats in preparation for parturition. However, in the A-E2 rats the reduction in E2U was accompanied by a small, though significant, decrease in uterine vein prostaglandin F (PGF) during labor. This A-E2--provoked regulatory imbalance significantly altered normal parturition. In comparison with controls, labor in the A-E2 rats was delayed and prolonged by extended intervals between deliveries of individual fetuses of the same litter. The delay in the onset of labor significantly increased the birth weights of the newborn rats. Whether E2U deficiency is directly responsible for the asynchronic myometrial activity that delays and prolongs labor or whether it is mediated by reduced PGF release remains to be determined. PMID- 707590 TI - Neovasculogenic ability of prostaglandins, growth factors, and synthetic chemoattractants. AB - Prostaglandins E1, E2, D2, A1, F1alpha, and F2alpha as well as synthetic chemoattractants and growth factors were tested for their ability to induce the proliferation of new blood vessels in the rabbit cornea. PGE1 showed the strongest neovasculogenic activity attracting new blood vessels in all of the cases. PGE2 was a weaker attractant than PGE1. PGF2alpha induced a less consistent reaction. All implants sequestering PGD2 or PGA1 were negative. Implants sequestering 1 microgram of fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor variably stimulated the proliferation of keratocytes and epithelial cells in vivo. However, none of these demonstrated any vasculogenic activity. A small, but significant neovascularization was observed only in implants sequestering 10 microgram of growth factor per implant. Although active in vitro, nerve growth factor and formylated synthetic peptides were not stimulatory in vivo. PMID- 707591 TI - Subretinal neovascularization following rubella retinopathy. AB - A 17-year-old girl and an 11-year-old girl with rubella retinopathy had decreased vision in one eye secondary to subretinal neovascularization and hemorrhage. In both cases a disciform scar with permanent decrease in central vision resulted. PMID- 707592 TI - A follow-up study by vitreous fluorophotometry of early retinal involvement in diabetes. AB - A series of 25 diabetic patients who showed apparently normal fundi on ophthalmoscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography were observed by using vitreous fluorophotometry for 30 months. The results showed that the alteration of the blood-retinal barrier increased generally during the follow-up period, particularly in the diabetic patients who were under poor metabolic control. The degree of breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier was significantly associated with the duration of the diabetic disease. PMID- 707593 TI - Vitrectomy and Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration. AB - A 14-year-old boy, an 11-year-old girl, and a 3-year-old girl with Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration had multiple retinal detachments. Surgical repair by means of conventional scleral buckling and encircling techniques was unsuccessful. However, after vitrectomy, their retinas remained flat. PMID- 707594 TI - Medicolegal hazards of intraocular lens implanting. AB - If the result of cataract extraction is not good, patients with relatively good preoperative vision are more likely to sue than those with poor preoperative vision. One of the usual indications for use of a pseudophakos is good vision in one eye. At times the preoperative acuity in the operated eye is not bad. This creates an unfavorable risk:benefit ratio. Other factors that add to the risk of litigation are publicity in the lay press and problems with properly informing the patient to obtain consent. PMID- 707595 TI - The long-term effects of iridectomy for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma. AB - Forty-nine eyes were treated with iridectomy for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma. Forty asymptomatic, normotensive fellow eyes were similarly treated. The duration of follow-up after surgery was 52.3 +/- 3.6 months. Thirty-seven (76%) of the eyes with acute attacks were cured by iridectomy alone and required no medical therapy. Twelve eyes (24%) developed increased intraocular pressure following iridectomy, but only one eye (2%) required filtering surgery. Eighty eight percent of the asymptomatic, normotensive fellow eyes required no subsequent therapy, and none developed visual field defects. Visual acuity was unchanged in 22 of 49 (45%) of the acutely involved eyes and decreased more than six lines in 11 (22%) eyes. In the 40 fellow eyes, visual acuity was unchanged in 63% and decreased more than six lines in only one (2%) eye. PMID- 707596 TI - Toxicity of combined therapy with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and aspirin. AB - A 67-year-old woman and a 75-year-old woman taking carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for therapy of glaucoma and high doses of aspirin for therapy of arthritis developed severe acid-base imbalance and salicylate intoxication. Neither patient exhibited ill effects when taking high aspirin doses without carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrose inhibitor-induced acidemia increases the risk of developing salicylate intoxication in patients receiving high aspirin doses. PMID- 707597 TI - Varix of the optic disk. AB - A 74-year-old woman had a saccular dilatation, presumably of the central retinal vein, on the optic nerve head. The lesion caused no symptoms, and over a four month period showed (vidence of thrombosis and stagnation within it. The lesion caused no interference with either the arterial or venous circulation of the retina. We advised no treatment and continue to observe the patient. PMID- 707598 TI - Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia with normal visual acuity. AB - A 26-year-old man, a 19-year-old man, and a 55-year-old man had bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. They all had normal vision, but considerable defects in the inferior segments of the visual fields. PMID- 707599 TI - Visual-evoked response differentiation of ischemic optic neuritis from the optic neuritis of multiple sclerosis. AB - Fifteen patients with ischemic optic neuritis studied electrophysiologically had a characteristic change of marked reduction in the amplitude of the visual-evoked response even when loss of vision was moderate. The optic neuritis of multiple sclerosis rarely produced this change. Occasionally, small increases in the latent period of the visual-evoked response were recorded from the patients with ischemic optic neuritis. The optic neuritis of multiple sclerosis usually produced significant increases in the latent period. When the normal nerve was tested in patients with ischemic optic neuritis, the visual evoked response was normal. In patients with optic neuritis of multiple sclerosis, stimulation of the "normal" nerve usually produced an increase in the latent period similar to that seen when the involved nerve was stimulated. PMID- 707600 TI - Bilateral homonymous hemianopia. AB - Bilateral homonymous hemianopia occurred in 15 patients seen during a four-year period. Persons with this visual deficit had similarly shaped visual field defects on corresponding sides of the vertical midline for each eye, equal visual acuity which is generally normal, and normal pupil and fundus examinations. The most common causes of the bilateral posterior cerebral artery insufficency were arteriosclerosis (40%), uncalherniation (20%), and migraine (13%). PMID- 707601 TI - Optic neuritis complicating measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination. AB - A 6-year-old boy developed bilateral optic neuritis with decreasing visual acuity 18 days after administration of live attenuated trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. The patient was treated with oral corticosteroids. The optic neuritis resolved within several weeks and normal vision returned. An afferent pupillary defect persistent in the more severely involved eye for 14 months following vaccination. PMID- 707602 TI - Retinitis secondary to acquired systemic toxoplasmosis with isolation of the parasite. AB - A 43-year-old woman developed a heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis syndrome for which no cause was apparent. During her illness she developed subjective changes in the central vision of her right eye and had focal retinal inflammation, which suggested the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The clinical course was accompanied by an increased titer to Toxoplasma gondii. Organisms were isolated from lymph node tissue and injected into the peritoneum of mice from which organisms were harvested. PMID- 707603 TI - Early diagnosis and evolution of dominant retinitis pigmentosa. AB - A 5-month-old girl with retinitis pigmentosa was the healthy offspring of a family with progressive autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Serial evaluation by both electroretinograph and ophthalmoscopy over a four-year period confirmed the diagnosis and indicated that as early as 5 months of age, electroretinographic abnormalities were present in the patient. These consisted of a reduction in the dark-adapted b-wave amplitude, prominent X-wave, and no suppression of the second b-wave response to paired light stimuli at 75 msec. Progressive reduction in the scotopic electroretinography amplitude has occurred over the ensuing four years, although light-adapted (cone) function still appears normal. Clinical evidence of retinitis pigmentosa became apparent only late in the patient's third year when fine peripheral pigment clumping and vessel attentuation could be seen. PMID- 707604 TI - Reappraisal of Callender's spindle a type of malignant melanoma of choroid and ciliary body. AB - A follow-up study and histologic reevaluation were made of 105 melanomas of the choroid and ciliary body that had originally been classified as Callender's spindle A type. There were 18 deaths attributable to tumor, with metastatic disease confirmed by autopsy or biopsy in eight cases. We were able to separate the 105 melanomas histopathologically into three groups. The first group consisted of 15 cases in which the spindle-shaped tumor cells were cytologically benign; no deaths were observed for this group. The 75 tumors in the second group were composed of spindle cells, but differed from those in the first group by their malignant features, namely, more atypicality of cells, mitotic activity, necrosis, invasion into sclera or through Bruch's membrane, larger size of the tumor, or any combination of the above. The prognosis for this group was good, comparable to that of spindle B melanomas. The 15 tumors in the third group contained epithelioid cells and had a poor prognosis, comparable to that of mixed cell melanomas. PMID- 707606 TI - The mechanism of the Miochol lens opacity. AB - We studied the reversible cataractogenic effect of Miochol on rabbits' lenses. The experiments demonstrated that the lens opacities developing after the intracameral injection of Miochol were caused by the hypertonicity of the solution and not by a biochemical effect of the acetylcholine. PMID- 707605 TI - Intraosseous hemangioma of the orbital roof. AB - A 63-year-old woman had an osseous hemangioma of the orbital rim. Diagnosis of this primary bone tumor was made by its distinctive radiographic appearance and confirmed by pathologic, examination. Although this is a benign lesion, it is expansile and can cause ocular signs. Surgical resection is the recommended treatment. PMID- 707608 TI - Continuing ophthalmic medical education. PMID- 707607 TI - Cystoid macular edema after cryotherapy. AB - A 50-year-old man developed cystoid macular edema five weeks after cryotherapy of acute retinal tears. The cystoid edema cleared spontaneously, but ultimately the fovea developed wrinkling of the internal limiting membrane. PMID- 707609 TI - Adult metachromatic leukodystrophy. PMID- 707610 TI - Violence toward children in the United States. AB - This paper reports results of a survey of a representative sample of 2143 American families, designed to examine the incidence, modes, and patterns of parent-to-child violence. Findings suggest that violence, well beyond ordinary physical punishment, is an extensive and patterned phenomenon in parent-child relations. Implications are discussed, and directions for further research are indicated. PMID- 707612 TI - Child abuse and neglect: the myth of classlessness. AB - Increasingly, professional and public media are promulgating the belief that the problems of child abuse and neglect are broadly distributed throughout society, suggesting that their frequency and severity are unrelated to socioeconomic class. This paper argues that this belief is not supported by the evidence, and that its perpetuation serves to divert attention from the nature of the problems. PMID- 707611 TI - The medicalization and legalization of child abuse. AB - Certain symptoms of family crisis and childhood injury are being "medicalized," "legalized," and called "child abuse"--to be processed and dealt with by a range of professionals who derive their social legitimacy and support in the process. Professional conflicts are considered, and the effects of the system on treatment interventions are discussed. Guidelines are offered to minimize the abuse of power of the professional definers. PMID- 707613 TI - Imaginary figures of early childhood: santa claus, easter bunny, and the tooth fairy. AB - The developmental progression of children's belief in three major figures of early childhood was examined through structure interviews with children and questionnaires for parents. Belief in Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, and the Tooth Fairy varied with the child's age and the level of parental encouragement of belief. However, belief in these figures was unrelated to other indices of the child's fantasy involvement. PMID- 707614 TI - Periodic marital separation and physical illness. AB - Repetitive, three-month separations and reunions are experienced by a group of United States Navy submariners and their wives. This study of the wives' contacts with medical facilities and personnel suggests that physical illnesses and complaints are related to the husbands' work cycle and are significantly more frequent during periods of separation. PMID- 707615 TI - Wilderness camping: an evaluation of a residential treatment program for emotionally disturbed children. AB - A follow-up of 46 youthful clients discharged from a therapeutic camp between its inception in 1972 and September 1975 indicates an overall improvement in functioning, especially in the areas of school performance, interpersonal relationships, and household behavior. The one area in which no overall improvement was found was delinquency. PMID- 707616 TI - The parent-therapist program: alternate care for emotionally disturbed children. AB - The development of an alternative to residential treatment centers is described. Healthy nuclear families are recruited and, in groups of five couples each, encouraged to function as extended families. Training in appropriate therapeutic techniques enables them to treat several disturbed children in their own homes. Evaluation of the program indicates that outcome does not differ significantly from that of residential treatment, but that costs are markedly lower. PMID- 707617 TI - Community mental health ideology: a problematic model for rural areas. AB - The prevailing model for mental health services is found to be inappropriate with respect to many of the needs of rural communities. Special problems of rural areas are identified, and suggestions are offered for revision of mental health concepts and practice that might result in a better fit between professional ideology and rural reality. PMID- 707618 TI - The interpersonal relationship between parents and caregivers in day care settings. AB - A structured interview measuring communicative behaviors and attitudes was used to determine the nature of parent-caregiver relationships. While frequent parent caregiver communication was found, the data suggest minimal attempts to coordinate day care children's socialization processes. Implications for day care practice, policies, and research are discussed. PMID- 707619 TI - Reexamining barriers to women's career development. AB - This paper reviews recent literature concerned with beliefs and values relevant to women's careers. Changes in sex-role stereotyping, potential problems relating to affirmative action programs, and the conflict between "counter-culture" values and values of the women's liberation movement are discussed. PMID- 707620 TI - "Irreconcilable differences" between parent and child: a case report of interactional pathology. AB - Certain parents use their child as a representative of their own unacceptable impulses, perceiving the youngster as evil and seeking experts to confirm their opinion. They come to mental health clinics for diagnoses but not treatment; evidence that contradicts their view is ignored out of a need to protect their own precarious psychological balance. The child, in spite of good early adjustment, tends to conform to the parents' preferred perception. Legal and ethical implications for professionals working with such cases are discussed. PMID- 707621 TI - Diagnostic classification of learning problems: some data. AB - Despite the large body of literature on diagnoses related to learning problems, little systematic information has been gathered on the specific labels assigned by professionals and the bases for their determination. In this study of children enrolled in a clinical school program, only one diagnosis out of fifteen resulted from a consistent pattern of test findings, while over half the diagnoses were based primarily on observation, and a third were arrived at despite contradictory evidence. Implications for current clinical and research practices are considered. PMID- 707623 TI - The paradox of progress. PMID- 707622 TI - Perinatal mortality: assisting parental affirmation. AB - The health professional's role does not cease with perinatal death, but shifts towards the prevention of postmortem psychiatric sequelae in the parents. A multidisciplinary bereavement service has found that an increased awareness of the final processes of "viewing" and "burial" diminishes the production of fearful speculations both by parents and staff, and allows them to cooperate more fully in dealing with the tragedy. PMID- 707624 TI - Post-marketing drug surveillance: a comparison of methods. PMID- 707625 TI - Use of patient medication records: a three-state study. PMID- 707626 TI - Drug audits and in-service education as functions of a drug information center. PMID- 707627 TI - The psychodynamics and developmental psychology of the borderline patient: a review of the literature. AB - The author reviews the psychodynamics and developmental psychology of the borderline patient as described in the literature on intensive therapy, early mother-child interaction, and family interaction. Focusing on the borderline patient's characteristic difficulties in intimate relationships, he describes the patient's use of splitting and projective identification as seen in the characteristic transference-countertransference interaction in intensive therapy. These primitive defensive mechanisms, which are also utilized by family members, appear to contribute to a failure of empathic responses both during the child's early development and in the family interactions during his adolescence. The author concludes that conceptual attempts to relate adult and child phenomena, although highly speculative, create new and useful perspectives for the treatment of the borderline patient. PMID- 707628 TI - Bilateral and unilateral ECT: effects on verbal and nonverbal memory. AB - The memory loss associated with bilateral and nondominant unilateral ECT was assessed with verbal memory tests known to be sensitive to left temporal lobe dysfunction and with nonverbal memory tests known to be sensitive to right temporal lobe dysfunction. Bilateral ECT markedly impaired delayed retention of verbal and nonverbal material. Right unilateral ECT impaired delayed retention of nonverbal material without measurably affecting retention of verbal material. Nonverbal memory was affected less by right unilateral ECT than by bilateral ECT. These findings, taken together with a consideration of the clinical efficacy of the two types of treatment, make what appears to be a conclusive case for unilateral over bilateral ECT. PMID- 707629 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants: plasma levels and clinical findings in overdose. AB - Following amitriptyline or imipramine overdose by 30 patients, total plasma concentrations ranged from 29 to 1732 ng/ml but did not correlate well with physical findings or most electrocardiographic changes. Only those patients with a QRS interval greater than 0.1 second had significantly elevated plasma levels. However, a plasma level ratio of the parent drug (amitriptyline, imipramine) to its respective N-desmethyl metabolite (nortriptyline, desmethylimipramine) greater than or equal to 2.0 was associated with an acute overdose. This ratio was more useful than total plasma levels in differentiating an overdose from a therapeutic dose with associated toxicity and an elevated steady-state plasma level. PMID- 707630 TI - Paradoxical reaction to L-dopa in schizophrenic patients. AB - The authors administered 6 g of L-dopa to 8 schizophrenic patients and 750 mg of chlorpromazine to 7 schizophrenic patients. Chlorpromazine showed only a modest advantage over L-dopa and only on some Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale factor scores, and at maximum dosage the thought disturbance factor score in the L-dopa treated group was not worse than at baseline. The results suggest that L-dopa is associated more with toxic than with schizophreniform symptoms and that there is adaptation to its effects. The authors discuss implications of these findings for the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. PMID- 707631 TI - Coping styles of 34 adolescents with cerebral palsy. AB - The author presents a follow-up study of 34 children with cerebral palsy. Eight years previously 23 of these children were attending a special school for handicapped children, and 11 were attending regular schools. The author evaluated the children and their families through formal and informal interviews and by administering parent and teacher rating scales of the children's behavior. He found that the development of these children between the ages of 10 and 14 was highlighted by their increased awareness and their parents' awareness of the permanence of their handicap and their consequent search for personal and, ultimately, occupational identity and their parents' emotional withdrawal. PMID- 707632 TI - Mental health care delivery systems: introduction. PMID- 707633 TI - The future for mental health in primary health care programs. AB - Our largely separate mental health system has developed in relationship to a health care system oriented toward specialization and solo practice. Now the health care system is moving in the direction of primary care and group and organizational practice. New forms of mental health delivery are needed to maximize the potential of these new health care programs for mental health services. The author describes these new integrated programs which bring mental health providers into the primary health care programs for direct services as well as consultation. Issues discussed include mutual roles, changes in services, the referral process, and provider relationships. The advantages of such integrated programs include decreased stigma, increased prevention through earlier detection and referral, increased family orientation, greater coordination of care, and less duplication. PMID- 707635 TI - Private practice of psychiatry: future roles. AB - Psychiatrists in private practice have contributed more to treating the mentally ill in America than is generally known. The private practice sector may be viewed as a massive national outpatient and inpatient service for the mentally ill. The impact of national health insurance on the future character of the private practice of psychiatry and the thorny problems to be resolved are discussed and compared with the experiences of England, the Soviet Union, and China. Future trends will most likely include increased emphasis on adjuvant techniques, greater emphasis on resident training in general psychiatry, briefer forms of therapy, and psychiatry's return to the medical model. PMID- 707636 TI - Will community mental health survive in the 1980s? AB - There are now 675 funded community mental health centers (CMHCs), covering almost half the country. Many of these programs were funded in the social optimism of the 1960s and now face a crisis of purpose and funding. Additional requirements imposed by the 1975 amendments to the CMHC act are not matched by additional fiscal resources. Programs are graduating from the federal grant to find that other sources of funds, especially third-party insurance funds, are not replacing the lost federal dollars. There is evidence that CMHCs are changing from clinical/medical programs to social programs; the numbers of persons seeking care who have diagnosable mental illness and of psychiatrists and nurses relative to other staff are decreasing. The issue is whether CMHCs as a national program are headed for extinction or whether there will be new vitality for this program into the 1980s. PMID- 707634 TI - The future of state mental health programs for the chronic psychiatric patient in the community. AB - The author explores the problems facing the chronic psychiatric patient in the community and discussed the response of federal and state governments to these problems. Errors of the past and present are delineated and corrective actions are suggested for the future. Finally, it is argued that if society is able to meet the challenge posed by the chronic psychiatric patient in the community it will simultaneously have set up mechanisms to solve the problems of other disabled and disadvantaged groups of people as well. PMID- 707637 TI - Mental health care delivery systems: discussion. PMID- 707638 TI - A comparison of depression and physical illness in men and women. AB - A limited self-rating depression scale given to male and female factory workers indicated that subclinical depressive symptoms were correlated with visits to the factory health service for females and with absenteeism from work for males. In general, the females acknowledged more depression symptoms. PMID- 707639 TI - Blind ratings of mother-infant interaction in home movies of prepsychotic and normal infants. AB - Home movies of infants later diagnosed as having early childhood psychoses were compared with movies of normal control infants. A scale of attachment indicators measured mother-infant dyadic avoidance and reciprocity in the first 6 months of the infant's life. Three judges blind to diagnosis saw a general trend to dampened interaction for prepsychotic infants and their mothers. Prepsychotic and normal infants were not significantly different in touching and eye gaze behaviors, whereas mothers of prepsychotic infants exhibited less adequate eye gaze and touching than mothers of normal infants. PMID- 707641 TI - Psychological observations of bank robbery. AB - Bank robbery has been only partially examined in the psychiatric literature. It has been publicly considered an act of men of strong will to obtain money. According to the author's observations in a federal penitentiary, bank robbery more often is a symptomatic act with psychological meaning. The author describes several of the unconscious motives and defense aspects of bank robbery in the hope that this will assist in demythologizing the bank robber. PMID- 707640 TI - Psychological factors in susceptibility to drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. AB - In an effort to identify nonneurobiologic factors in the susceptibility to neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), the EPS response in 20 patients was correlated with field dependence, self-object differentiation, and premorbid social competence. Only the last proved to be a good predictor, which suggests that psychosocial factors play a role in a patient's EPS response. PMID- 707642 TI - A look at psychiatric decision making. AB - The author reviews the efforts of medicine and psychiatry to understand their decision-making processes and notes the lack of psychiatric literature in this area. The decision table, a sophisticated form of algorithm, is introduced as a structure to help explain the decision-making process. This tool is applied to the evaluation and biological treatment of depression. Decision tables can be used as an educational tool, a method to facilitate the delivery of mental health care, a method to monitor the quality of treatment, and as a research tool. PMID- 707643 TI - Videotape recording of dynamic psychotherapy: supervisory tool or hindrance? AB - The authors questioned residents and supervisors at a large clinic about their attitudes and experiences regarding clinical supervision. Half of the residents then videotaped one of their psychotherapy sessions and presented the tape in their next supervisory session. The procedure had little effect on patients, was anxiety-provoking for the residents, and had some diagnostic benefit for the supervisors. After the taping, the residents' views about taping were less positive than before the taping, but the supervisors' views did not change significantly. PMID- 707644 TI - Psychiatry residents in a milieu participatory democracy: a resident's view. AB - Psychiatry residents respond with a variety of coping mechanisms to the lack of traditional structure in a milieu participatory democracy. To incorporate themselves into the system they must accept such democratic ideals as equality among staff and patients, group decision making, and free self-expression and give up some of their traditional ideas about staff and patient roles, treatment modalities, and the therapeutic environment. The author was a first-year resident in psychiatry on a university hospital inpatient therapeutic community; he discusses the conflicts between residents, who often adopt a "we-they" attitude, and the permanent staff, whose protectiveness of the ward community reflects their personal commitment to its ideals. PMID- 707645 TI - Borderline diagnoses. AB - The author describes the development of the borderline concept and the apparent inaccuracy of the original hypothetical framework. The signs and symptoms used to describe a "borderline syndrome" are often shared with other psychiatric illnesses. The author recommends that clinicians consider patients with only those features as "undiagnosed" until further research determines whether a distinct syndrome exists. PMID- 707646 TI - Filicide during psychotropic-induced somnambulism: a case report. PMID- 707647 TI - Anticholinergic delirium in a case of Munchausen syndrome. PMID- 707648 TI - Tricyclic overdose in a patient given combined tricyclic-MAOI treatment. PMID- 707649 TI - Social adjustment in primary affective disorder. PMID- 707650 TI - Laryngeal-pharyngeal dystonia as a possible cause of asphyxia with haloperidol treatment. PMID- 707651 TI - Another look at gluten in schizophrenia. PMID- 707652 TI - Treatment of imipramine-resistant depression and lithium-refractory mania through drug interactions. PMID- 707653 TI - Phenelzine-induced psychosis. PMID- 707654 TI - Megavitamin therapy for autistic children. PMID- 707655 TI - Sex role identification. PMID- 707656 TI - Subjective and objective analysis of patients. PMID- 707657 TI - Bromism from over-the-counter medications. PMID- 707658 TI - Generic versus brand name psychotropics. PMID- 707659 TI - Another reason for underutilization of partial hospitalization? PMID- 707660 TI - Maladaptation in prehistory. PMID- 707661 TI - Neurobiology and dreams: further queries. PMID- 707662 TI - Medical school admission screening by psychiatrists. PMID- 707663 TI - An explanation for seasonality of births in schizophrenia. PMID- 707664 TI - Research on attitudes toward the mentally ill. PMID- 707665 TI - Concurrent validity of DACL questioned. PMID- 707666 TI - Psychiatric history: potential for abuse. PMID- 707667 TI - More on a neglected problem. PMID- 707668 TI - Neurological basis for syndromes and symptoms of disordered recognition? PMID- 707669 TI - Medical information card for patients taking lithium. PMID- 707670 TI - Procedures for taste aversion therapy for alcoholism. PMID- 707671 TI - The self system and group violence. PMID- 707672 TI - Primary prevention: a breakthrough in sight. PMID- 707673 TI - Holistic, analytic approaches to marital therapy. PMID- 707674 TI - A psychoanalyst's evaluation of the sexual revolution. PMID- 707675 TI - Cultural counterresistance in the analytic treatment of the obese women. PMID- 707676 TI - Focus on dreams: how they can work for you. PMID- 707677 TI - Attaining freedom in existential group therapy. PMID- 707678 TI - Twenty-sixth annual Karen Horney lecture. Adapting psychoanalytic procedure to the uniqueness of the individual. PMID- 707679 TI - Videoarthroscopy: a permanent medical record. PMID- 707680 TI - Arthroscopy of the plicae--synovial folds and their significance. PMID- 707682 TI - Sport-specific performance factor profiling: fencing as a prototype. AB - A musculoskeletal profiling study was done on 24 members of the U. S. Pan American and Olympic fencing squads. This was presented as a methodological prototype for future, more comprehensive sport profiling studies. It is proposed that sport-specific profiling data have practical application in the following areas: 1. The identification of physical deficiencies in an athlete, using his or her sport profile as a comparative standard. This would apply to general pre- and postseason screening as well as to medical complaint-related examinations. 2. Providing objective, sport-specific criteria for determining when an injured athlete has recovered to the extent that he or she is adequately prepared to return to play. Rehabilitation goals for full recovery can also be defined. 3. Increasing the efficacy and efficiency of training techniques. 4. The prospective identification of superior performance potential in athletes at early competitive levels. If sport profiles were developed for the major participant sports at several competitive levels, the profiling system as described here could have significant application to a large number of athletes in a variety of playing situations. PMID- 707681 TI - Athletic injuries to the atlantoaxial articulation. PMID- 707684 TI - Treatment of recent and old injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament of the MP joint of the thumb. PMID- 707683 TI - Sports stress syndromes of the hand and wrist. AB - Many injuries to the hand and wrist may be seen in the practice of sports medicine. Most of these injuries are well known and the details of their diagnosis and treatment are well documented. However, even among this group, certain injuries frequently escape detection or are not monitored carefully enough to detect their frequent residual complications. These injuries are particular sources of problems. Some little known diagnoses are seldom considered, but any diagnosis, even a presumptive one, is better than applying vague, descriptive, but nondefinitive terms to an athlete's injury. Although the ideal treatment is not yet available for any of these injuries, a lack of diagnosis will often mean that treatment is haphazard or nonexistent. PMID- 707685 TI - Trampoline injuries. AB - We feel that there are dangers on the trampoline if it is poorly supervised. This is especially true in regards to the possibility of spinal cord injury and quadriplegia. We have presented documented cases of quadriplegia and safety suggestions have been given for the use of the teampoline. We hope that by presenting this problem, physicians, who are associated with the prevention and care of athletic injuries, will be made aware of the possibility of the dreaded quadriplegia associated with trampoline injuries and that this injury will be greatly decreased. PMID- 707686 TI - Distal tibial epiphyseal injuries: the role of athletics in 53 cases. PMID- 707687 TI - Rupture of the biceps tendon in gymnastics: a case report. PMID- 707689 TI - Laboratory evaluation of various cold therapy modalities. AB - An attempt to evaluate the potential of four modalities to cool soft tissue mass has been done under laboratory conditions using canines. The cooling of deep soft tissues within the thigh after application of various cooling devices was recorded over a 60-min exposure period. Under these circumstances, ice performed best, a frozen gel pack performed in a parallel but slightly less efficient manner. Two other modalities, an inflatable bladder filled with refrigerant gas and an endothermic chemical reaction, were least efficient in cooling. PMID- 707688 TI - Acute exertional superficial posterior compartment syndrome. AB - This case report of an acute exertional compartment syndrome involving predominantly the superficial posterior compartment emphasizes several important facts: (1) The subacute recurring syndromes, if left untreated, may develop into an acute syndrome. (2) The diagnostic findings separating the acute syndrome from the chronic forms are marked pain with passive stretch of the involved muscles, paresis, and sensory deficit.8,12,15, (3) In the acute form, immediate fasciotomy is mandatory and often results in full recovery. (4) All four major compartments of the leg are susceptible to chronic or acute compartment syndromes initiated by exertion. These compartments can be decompressed as necessary through a limited skin incision as recently reported.11 (5) The need for an easily obtainable and reproducible method for measuring intracompartment pressures (e.g., the wick catheter technique) is indicated. PMID- 707691 TI - Mammography and the pathologists' cancer in the female breast. PMID- 707690 TI - Report of the committee on research and education. PMID- 707692 TI - The pathogenesis of duodenal and gastric ulcers. PMID- 707693 TI - Gastric ulcer: the importance of follow-up care. AB - One hundred forty-four gastric ulcer patients in an inner city hospital were studied retrospectively over a five year period. Emphasis was placed on patient follow-up after discharge. The length of hospitalization and the mortality were higher for the surgical group; however, the recurrence rate was higher in the medically treated group. Almost half the patients were followed for less than six months. Reasons are given for this poor follow-up. The high recurrence rates necessitate close follow-up for a prolonged period. PMID- 707694 TI - Surgery for bleeding duodenal ulcer. PMID- 707695 TI - Role of ultrasonography in the primary diagnosis of cholelithiasis: an analysis of fifty cases. AB - The use of ultrasonography to diagnose cholelithiasis has recently been recommended to supplement standard reinforced oral cholecystography or as an alternative to reinforced oral studies when a single dose fails to visualize the gallbladder. As yet the use of ultrasonography in the primary diagnosis of cholelithiasis is not generally accepted. To assess the specificity and sensitivity of this mode of diagnosis, fifty patients were reviewed retrospectively. The findings of ultrasonography are compared with standard oral cholecystography and with the pathologic findings. The results of this analysis suggest that diagnosis of cholelithiasis by ultrasonography has a high level of accuracy. Use of this mode of evaluating the gallbladder is suggested as a primary diagnostic test for jaundiced or pregnant patients. PMID- 707696 TI - Colonoscopy and polypectomy. AB - An overview of colonoscopy and polypectomy is presented. The merits of this procedure are pointed out, highlighting the newer technics and those technics that have survived. The complications of colonoscopy and polypectomy are reviewed in detail. PMID- 707697 TI - Clinical and pathologic evaluation of patients with recurrence of gastric cancer more than five years postoperatively. AB - From the clinical and pathologic findings, the characteristics of recurrence of gastric cancer more than five years postoperatively were evaluated as compared with recurrence of less than five years postoperatively. The late (more than 5 years postoperative) recurrence rate was 2.0 per cent, or 17 of 864 patients who had undergone the so-called radical operation. The duration of disease prior to the first operation was comparatively long in the patients with late recurrence. Late recurrence is characteristic of localized cancer, such as Borrmann's type II, and differentiated adenocarcinoma with nonserosal invasion (pathologic findings of the resected stomach at the first operation) and by a recurrence pattern of hematogenous metastasis, especially liver metastasis. PMID- 707698 TI - Slope analysis of the postoperative CEA time course and its possible application as an aid in diagnosis of disease progression in gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 707699 TI - Serum immunoglobulin changes after accidental splenectomy in adults. AB - Serum immunoglobulin levels were examined in a group of twelve healthy adults who underwent accidental splenectomy. Depressed mean IgM levels and elevated mean IgA levels were found in these patients as compared with the control group consisting of forty-five healthy, untraumatized volunteers. Immunoglobulin changes may have some relevance for the increased tendency to severe infections which has been noted after splenectomy. PMID- 707700 TI - The valves of Houston in adults. PMID- 707701 TI - Estrogen receptor levels in multiple biopsies from patients with breast cancer. AB - The results of estrogen receptor assays of more than one sample of breast carcinoma in sixty-two patients are reviewed. There was an overall disagreement of 28 per cent between two simultaneous samples, and in the asynchronous group there was a statistically significant difference (p is less than 0.05) in the interval between those who remained positive and those who became negative. As a practical policy, decisions regarding endocrine ablation should be made on contemporary estrogen receptor status rather than on the status of the primary lesion. PMID- 707702 TI - Aspiration cytology of head and neck masses. AB - Fine needle aspiration biopsy and cytologic examination of the aspirate were performed on 203 masses involving glandular and nodal structures of the head and neck: thyroid gland (85); salivary glands (31); and lymph nodes (87). Overall cytologic-histologic correlation was 91 per cent, with a 10 per cent false negative rate. The ease of the procedure coupled with the rapidity of obtaining a pathologic diagnosis allows a more intelligent therapeutic approach. PMID- 707703 TI - Surgery for thyroglossal duct and branchial cleft anomalies. AB - A retrospective review was carried out of 338 patients with thyroglossal duct remnants and 274 patients with branchial cleft anomalies who had undergone surgery at the Mayo Clinic from 1954 to 1975. Attention was directed to the preoperative history of these lesions, their clinical presentation, the nature of surgery performed, the complications of surgery, and the incidence of recurrence. The recurrence rate after the Sistrunk procedure for thyroglossal duct remnants was 2.6 per cent, whereas the recurrence rate after surgery for branchial cleft anomalies was 5.8 per cent. The findings suggested that these lesions are a significant source of morbidity and that surgery should be performed before infection occurs and should be radical in the first instance if the recurrence rate is to be minimized. PMID- 707704 TI - Laryngeal fracture in the multiple trauma patient. AB - The Cincinnati General Hospital experience with early diagnosis and repair of laryngeal fractures in the multiple trauma patient is presented. The results demonstrate the feasibility and value of early laryngeal diagnosis and repair in these severely traumatized patients. PMID- 707705 TI - Femoral artery profundaplasty. AB - In advanced ischemia of the lower extremity, the deep femoral artery is rarely completely occluded, but may have a hemodynamically significant occluding plaque at its origin. Detection of this lesion requires biplanar arteriographic views. As indicated in this report, the related simple procedure of femoral artery profundaplasty may salvage limbs and lower amputation sites, and it is suitable for poor risk patients. PMID- 707706 TI - The use of extended profundaplasty in limb salvage. AB - Obstructive lesions of the profunda femoris artery extending beyond the lateral circumflex branch were repaired in sixty-two limbs with superficial femoral occlusion and profound ischemia. The operation relieved rest pain in all thirty four limbs with this symptom. Of twenty-eight limbs with tissue loss, twenty-two were salvaged without further reconstructive surgery. This experience illustrates that in diffuse profunda disease, extended profundaplasty is a useful alternative to femoropopliteal by pass, particularly for the relief of rest pain, and does not preclude more distal arterial reconstruction. PMID- 707707 TI - Management of aortic bypass graft thrombosis: utility of thrombectomy. AB - The condition of many patients with early or late thrombosis after an aortic bypass operation can be improved by appropriate secondary operations. Late thromboses generally occur in patients with impaired arterial outflow. Restoration or establishment of good outflow is the most critical part of most secondary operations. Thrombectomy is an expedient procedure and, if properly monitored by arteriography, can in many instances permit retention of the graft limb as a satisfactory conduit, particularly in emergency limb salvage attempts. PMID- 707708 TI - Lumbar sympathectomy and blood flow in the lower extremity. PMID- 707709 TI - The use of a laminar airflow isolation system for the treatment of major burns. AB - A laminar airflow isolation burn ward was designed which would maintain a sterile environment and also allow unrestricted burn care and rehabilitation to be performed. A very low rate of sepsis and sepsis-related complications have been found in the 115 patients treated in the unit. Patient cross contamination has been completely controlled under laminar airflow conditions. The incidence of burn colonization and infection by virulent gram-negative organisms, namely pseudomonas, serratia, klebsiella, and proteus, in these patients has been extremely low, particularly in comparison with burn patients managed in a non laminar flow intensive care environment. PMID- 707710 TI - Mechanisms by which proteolytic enzymes prolong the golden period of antibiotic action. AB - These experimental studies provide an explanation for the therapeutic value of proteolytic enzymes as adjuncts to antibiotic treatment of contaminated wounds. After wounding, a fibrinous coagulum develops on the wound surface. This coagulum surrounds the bacteria and protects them from contact with sustemically or topically administered antibiotics. Treatment of the wound surface with proteolytic enzymes disrupts the coagulum and exposes the bacteria to the action of the antibiotic. The topical use of enzymes is also associated with significant increases in the concentration of antibiotic at the wound and thus a decrease in the rate of infection. PMID- 707711 TI - Jaundice associated with polycystic liver disease. AB - Jaundice is rarely encountered in polycystic disease of the liver. In the present case, pressure from tense cysts at the hilus of the liver caused a marked narrowing of the common hepatic duct and slowing of bile flow with the formation of stasis stones. Decompression of the cysts and removal of debris in the intrahepatic ducts resulted in a rapid decrease of the serum bilirubin level. PMID- 707712 TI - Side-to-side portacaval shunt versus nonsurgical treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. AB - Although a side-to-side portacaval shunt will relieve some patients with Budd Chiari syndrome, distinction between relief as a result of operation and spontaneous recovery may be inexact. A nonshunting operation relieved one of two patients as much as a side-to-side portacaval shunt did. In these two patients and one additional patient, streptokinase therapy may have been beneficial. PMID- 707713 TI - Demonstration of a pancreatic fistula by endoscopic pancreatography in a patient with chronic pleural effusion. AB - A patient with massive pancreatic pleural effusion in whom the use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed the site of a pancreatic fistula to the pleural cavity is presented. It is suggested that with this form of pleural effusion, ERCP may aid in the selection of those patients whose lesions may be surgically correctable. PMID- 707714 TI - Direct intralumen balloon tamponade: a technic for the control of massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage. AB - Control of massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage by the direct insertion of a Fogarty, catheter into the lumen of the vessel and inflation of the balloon is described. The applicability of this new technic for the control of hemorrhage from inaccessible vessels is discussed. PMID- 707715 TI - Gel foam embolization of a functioning pheochromocytoma. AB - For the first time, to our knowledge, a patient with a functioning pheochromocytoma was subjected to gel foam embolization for physiologic destruction of the tumor. The operation, 24 hours later, provided an uneventful anatomic removal of the infarcted tumor. Observation was considered as a possible alternative to surgical excision. Experience gained may allow testing of the validity of a nonoperative approach in selected cases. PMID- 707716 TI - Celestin tube intubation for advanced esophageal carcinoma. AB - Nine patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma underwent intubation with Celestin tubes between July 1973 and May 1975. Our indications for intubation were inability to swallow liquids or handle secretions and tracheoesophageal fistula resulting from advanced carcinoma involving the esophagus. Eight patients received adequate palliation; one died of continuing aspiration from a tracheoesophageal fistula. Major complications were noted in two survivors. The operative technic is discussed in detail. PMID- 707717 TI - A technic for reconstructing the digestive tract after pancreatoduodenectomy. AB - A technic for the reconstruction of the alimentary tract after pancreatoduodenectomy is presented with the aim of separating the biliary and pancreatic fistulas when it occurs. The advantages and possible hazards of this kind of reconstruction are discussed. PMID- 707718 TI - Percutaneous needle biopsy of skeletal muscle: technic and application. PMID- 707719 TI - Hayes Martin Memorial Lecture. Non desperandum. PMID- 707721 TI - Cervical presentation of thymic cysts. AB - Sixteen cases of cervical thymic cyst are added to the previously reported fifty six cases. Seventy-five per cent of the patients were less than twenty years old. Eighty per cent complained of a painless mass preoperatively. The histologic diagnosis of cervical thymic cyst was made if thymic epithelial elements could be found adjacent to the cyst cavity; Hassall's corpuscles were usually present. Cholesterol granulomata could usually be identified. The theories of origin of cervical thymic cyst are discussed. PMID- 707720 TI - Congenital arteriovenous malformation of the head and neck. AB - A discussion of congenital arteriovenous malformation of the head and neck based on five patients followed from three to twenty years is presented. Definition of the lesion and its progression as followed by angiography is described. The poor response to surgery is ascribed to the ischemic nature of the area of involvement. The concept of supplying normal tissue with normal vascularity to the involved area is advocated. PMID- 707722 TI - The rationale against routine subtotal parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 707723 TI - Malignant pseudothyroiditis: a new clinical entity. AB - Six patients with thyroid cancer presented with clinical and, in most cases, biochemical features of subacute or chronic thyroiditis. Pathologic study revealed all types of cancer, including metastatic and neighborhood parathyroid malignancy. Confusion in diagnosis lead to a delay of diagnosis of one month to ten years. When thyroiditis is diagnosed, the patient should be followed carefully, including the use of needle aspiration biopsy. Where doubt exists as to diagnosis or response to treatment, open biopsy or operation may be indicated. PMID- 707724 TI - The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma during the postoperative period after less than total thyroidectomy. AB - In clinical practice, small or localized thyroid cancer is often missed at the time of surgery and is diagnosed only later after the pathologist has been able to study multiple sections. Our data suggest that patients with early or localized thyroid cancer can be controlled with less than total thyroidectomy. If the nodule is completely excised without fracture (preferably lobectomy) or not cut into, if there is no evidence of metastatic disease either by palpation or frozen section, and if gross examination of the surgical specimen and frozen sections is negative for carcinoma, it is our policy to place these individuals on a regimen of observation only. Additional surgery is performed only if clinical evidence of recurrent cancer develops. Long-term follow-up of forty-four patients supports this treatment policy. Of these, seven had clinical recurrences: three benign; four (9 per cent) malignant. (The 2 patients with metastatic periglandular lymph nodes in the surgical specimen would not meet our present criteria.) We have in our files several additional patients who seem to support the same conclusions but will be reported on only after longer follow-up. PMID- 707725 TI - The role of external radiation in the management of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. AB - Review of 137 patients with differentiated thryroid carcinoma (82 papillary and 55 follicular) demonstrates that external radiation in moderate dosage eradicates microscopic disease. Its use could lead to a decrease in surgical complications by avoiding unnecessarily radical attempts at removing all potential microscopic disease. Gross tumor also responds favorably to external radiation, but its very slow regression rate has led to the misconception that external radiation is ineffective in the treatment of these cancers. Both radioiodine and thyroid hormone play an important role in the management of differentiated thyroid cancers, but their effectiveness should not be overestimated. PMID- 707726 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland origin. A clinicopathologic study of 367 cases. AB - A thirty year experience with 367 patients who had mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary origin is reviewed. The tumor arose in the parotid gland in 254 patients. The presentation and clinical course depended significantly on whether the tumor was low, intermediate, or high grade in histologic appearance. Metastasis and tumor-related death were occasionally noted in patients with low grade lesions, suggesting that even the most innocuous-appearing mucoepidermoid tumor has malignant potential. Significant correlation was demonstrated between the clinical stage of a tumor and its histologic appearance. Stage I tumors were usually of low histologic grade and were effectively controlled by conservative surgical procedures. Radical operations were often ineffective in patients with stage III tumors, most of which proved to be of high histologic grade. Considering the poor prognosis in the latter patients, adjunctive therapy in the form of postoperative external radiation seems indicated. In our experience, "cure" rates in patients who had intermediate or high grade lesions varied widely, depending upon the stage of the tumor. This strongly suggests that therapeutic decisions should not be based on histologic appearance alone. PMID- 707727 TI - TNM classification and disease description in head and neck cancer. AB - The TNM concept is beset by frequent revisions, ambiguities, and incomplete coverage of tumor sites. A study comparing clinicians' classifications with computer-derived TNM classifications yielded discrepancies ranging from 44 per cent in T designations to 25 per cent in N designations, of which 35 per cent and 20 per cent, respectively, are ascribable to clinician error. To remedy these problems, it is proposed that clinicians record basic clinical data on standard forms covering the most relevant information. These forms can substitute for existing office and hospital records, thus avoiding added paperwork. TNM classification and staging may be subsequently generated from the recorded data. This two stage process affords the flexibility of applying common TNM systems for comparison of diverse clinical series while preserving the original basic data for alternative uses. Proposed data forms cover tumor characteristics, involved sites, palpable nodes, vocal cord mobility, nerve dysfunction, distant metastasis, and pretreatment diagnosis. PMID- 707728 TI - Surgical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the pharyngeal walls. PMID- 707729 TI - The use of revascularized ileocolic autografts for primary repair after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. PMID- 707730 TI - Partial laryngectomy: analysis of associated swallowing disorders. AB - Evaluation of postoperative swallowing ability in thirty-eight patients having had partial laryngectomy indicates that there are marked differences in the degree of dysphagia among individuals with similar surgical defects. This variation in swallowing disability, however, appears to have definable limits. Rehabilitation is possible for many patients disabled by postoperative dysphagia. A transoral surgical technic for reconstruction of the obliterated pyriform sinus is described. PMID- 707731 TI - Laryngeal carcinoma: transoral treatment utilizing the CO2 laser. AB - The CO2 laser has been found to be a useful adjunct in our efforts to treat laryngeal carcinoma. Utilized endoscopically, it has been of help in establishing the proper staging, in diagnosing recurrence after radiation therapy, in reestablishing airways blocked with tumor, in debulking tumor mass prior to radiation and/or chemotherapy, and as a primary mode of excisional therapy, all accomplished with minimal morbidity. Most patients may return home the first postoperative day, eating, with serviceable voice, and requiring no tracheotomy or analgesics, all of which provide a significant cost benefit. PMID- 707732 TI - Surgical treatment of advanced carcinomas of the base of the tongue. AB - During the decade of 1964 through 1973, thirty-four patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the base of the tongue (20 with T3 lesions and 14 with T4 lesions) were treated by surgical resection. These patients underwent an operative procedure as the only and definitive form of treatment. Twenty-eight (82.3 per cent) presented with clinically positive cervical nodal metastases (4 staged N1, 13 staged N2, and 11 staged N3). The number of primary lesions controlled, cervical metastasis, and the failures of treatment were analyzed. The patients were followed for a minimum of two years or until death or recurrence. The determinate control at two years was 27 per cent and the final determinate survival 20 per cent. Fifteen patients (44.2 per cent) required laryngectomy as part of the primary surgical treatment. The surgical procedures used and other therapeutic options available are discussed. PMID- 707734 TI - Radical or modified neck dissection: a therapeutic dilemma. AB - Three hundred ten evaluable patients received a classic, functional, or spinal accessory-nerve-sparing neck dissection during 1970 to 1975. The functional procedure was at least equal to the classic procedure in the patients in whom it was employed. The spinal accessory-nerve-sparing operation is offered as an alternative to the classic procedure in all patients in whom the nerve is not directly invaded by cancer. If these guidelines are followed, the patient will rarely experience the pain and shoulder dysfunction that result from the loss of the trapezius muscle, while the chances of control of cancer in the neck remain optimal. PMID- 707733 TI - Results in suprahyoid, modified radical, and standard radical neck dissections for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma: recurrence and survival. AB - Two hundred sixty-one patients who underwent three types of neck dissection for cervical lymphadenopathy in association with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck are analyzed retrospectively. Patients were grouped into those with histologically negative nodes and those with histologically positive nodes. Statistical analyses for neck recurrence and survival rates were made using the sampled permutation method. The results show that suprahyoid neck dissection is associated with an unusually high recurrence rate in the neck in patients with histologically negative nodes. Modified radical neck dissection and standard radical neck dissection are equivalent with regard to recurrences in the neck and five year survival rates when the disease is above the juguloomohyoid lymph node group. The study suggests that simple upper neck dissection is contraindicated in patients with negative or positive nodes and that modified radical neck dissection can be used in selected patients instead of the formal radical neck operation. PMID- 707735 TI - Significance of site and nodal metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis. AB - One hundred twelve patients treated by surgery alone for squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis were retrospectively reviewed. The results showed: (1) 27 per cent of patients with N0 disease had microscopic nodal metastases; (2) 35 to 47 per cent of patients with N0 and N1 disease and histologically positive nodes (micrometastases) in the initial neck dissection developed contralateral nodal metastases; (3) 36.9 per cent of the patients who had nodal micrometastases (histologically positive) survived five years, as contrasted with 94.5 per cent of those who did not have node involvement; (4) 53.2 per cent of the patients who had nodal metastases in one neck and 16 per cent of those who had metastases in both necks survived five years; (5) when the primary tumor in the epiglottis was located in the midline or there was bilateral supraglottic involvement, 18 to 50 per cent of patients developed contralateral ("second") neck nodal metastases; (6) performing early elective contralateral ("second") neck dissection shortly after recovery from the initial surgery may improve survival of patients in whom either the "first" neck dissection showed microscopic nodal metastases and/or the primary tumor was located either in midline or there was bilateral supraglottic involvement. PMID- 707736 TI - The prognostic and therapeutic value of frozen section determinations in the surgical treatment of squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - The records of 216 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx treated by surgery alone were reviewed. Frozen section control at the time of the surgical procedure was used to evaluate the margins of the excision. Findings at frozen section were correlated with local control and survival. The inability of the surgeon to obtain clear margins by frozen section for whatever reason resulted in a very high incidence of local recurrence and death. The fact that the patient's tumor could be removed with free margins at the time of surgery did not guarantee long-term success, although the frozen section technic did prove to be reliable and an effective tool for evaluating the patient's prognosis and the efficacy of the surgical procedure. PMID- 707738 TI - Colorectal polyps-revisited. PMID- 707737 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced and recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with high and low dose cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. AB - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) in both a high dose regimen of 120 mg/M2 every three weeks with pretherapy hydration and mannitol diuresis and a low dose regimen of 20 mg/M2 daily for five days and cycled every three weeks have effective antitumor activity in approximately one third of patients. Its toxicity in both regimens appears to limit the number of cycles of administration and the duration of response. Further trials with dose schedules intermediate between the present high and low dose schedules are needed to provide a suitable and effective one day regimen every three to four weeks that can be given on an outpatient basis and on a long-term basis. PMID- 707739 TI - Endoscopic measurement of pancreatic juice secretory flow rates and pancreatic secretory pressures after secretin administration in human controls and in patients with acute relapsing pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. AB - Secretory flow rates were measured inside the main pancreatic duct during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with acute relapsing pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer and in controls after intravenous administration of secretin. Peak secretory flow rates in these groups were 5.04 +/- 1.74, 0.71 +/-1.28, 0.60 +/- 1.37, and 4.13 +/- 0.88 ml/min, respectively. Peak secretory pressures were also measured intraductally in patients with acute relapsing pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and in controls and were 402 +/- 69, 75 +/- 161, and 403 +/- 99 mm pancreatic juice, respectively. Peak secretory flow rates and pressures measured in controls during constant administration of secretin were similar to those measured when secretin was administered as a bolus. PMID- 707740 TI - Prospective evaluation of gray scale ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pancreas cancer. AB - One hundred thirty-four patients suspected of having pancreas cancer successfully underwent gray scale ultrasound examination of the pancreas. The prospective ultrasound findings were correlated with the final diagnoses, laparotomy findings, and pathology findings. Fifty-four patients had pancreas cancer, confirmed by resection or biopsy in all cases. On ultrasonography, the pancreas was correctly reported to have abnormalities in sixty-one of seventy-eight patients (78 per cent) and correctly reported to have no abnornalities in thirty eight of fifty-six patients (68 per cent). A correct ultrasound diagnosis of pancreas cancer was made for forty-four of fifty-six patients (81 per cent), and there were thirteen false-positive reports. Ninety-four percent of cancers confined to the head of the pancreas and 70 per cent of cancers at other locations within the gland were detected by ultrasound examination. The correct ultrasound diagnosis was given for fifteen of seventeen patients with resectable pancreas cancer, the degree of associated pancreatitis ranging from minimal to severe. Analysis of the predictive values of positive and negative ultrasound examinations suggests that this test could be used to screen a population of patients with symptoms mildly suggestive of pancreas cancer. The importance of preselecting the level of confidence of a positive test result, a,ove which further investigation is indicated, is emphasized. PMID- 707741 TI - Factors influencing the late results of operation for carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - In 151 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas presenting at the surgical clinic of Tohoku University Hospital, predominant factors affecting postoperative prognosis were studied with relation to the stages of the disease. The presence of lymph node metastasis and of cancer invasion to the pancreatic capsule, particularly the latter, was apparently a significant factor most crucially affecting the survival of the patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. The mean survival periods of resected patients were 16.4 months for those with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas and 11.0 months for those with carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas, distinctly longer than after palliative operations. However, in patients with stage III disease, pancreatoduodenectomy tended to lead to a shorter period of survival, suggesting that surgery at that stage is generally unpromising for cure. PMID- 707742 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy. Analysis of 155 cases. PMID- 707743 TI - An assessment of carotid phonoangiography and oculoplethysmography in the detection of carotid artery stenosis. AB - Carotid phonoangiography (CPA) and oculophlethysmography (OPG) examinations for the detection of extracranial carotid occlusive disease were performed in 308 patients, 103 of whom underwent arch angiography. When correlated with angiographic findings, the overall accuracy of CPA/OPG was 86 per cent. There were 4 per cent false-positive 9.6 per cent false-negative results, and these were further analyzed. Significant carotid bruits demonstrated by CPA strongly suggested the presence of appreciable carotid stenosis. Noninvasive CPA/OPG is an excellent diagnostic tool in patients with non-hemispheric symptoms, in those with asymptomatic bruits, as a screening procedure in potential stroke victims, and for follow-up after cartotid endarterectomy. Caution is advised in relying on this and other noninvasive technics as the sole method for recommending angiography and operative treatment in symptomatic patients. PMID- 707744 TI - Femorofemoral grafts: the role of concomitant extended profundaplasty. AB - Twenty-one femorofemoral grafts were placed in high risk patients with symptomatic, unilateral, iliofemoral, arterial occlusive disease. There was 100 per cent immediate postoperative relief of ischemia or improvement in claudication. Three late below-knee amputations have been performed. All other living patients had healed extremities and were ambulatory at last follow-up. Cumulative graft patency determined by the life table method was 95 per cent at twenty-four months. The physiologic "steal" created by a femorofemoral bypass with donor limb and/or outflow stenosis must be considered to prevent clinical donor limb functional impairment. A gradient of 10 mm Hg or less between the radial artery mean pressure and the donor femoral artery ensured adequate donor artery flow without regard to angiographic a-pearance of the donor artery. The crucial technical problem in patients operated on for ischemia was reconstruction of adequate outflow. All but one patient required at least minimal profunda endarterectomy, and nine of seventeen (53 per cent) required concomitant extended profundaplasty procedures. PMID- 707745 TI - The aberrant cervical thymus. Embryology, Pathology, and clinical implications. AB - Cervical thymic anomalies are not as rare as previously suggested. Six cases were encountered over a relatively short period of time, prompting us to report them and emphasize the importance of this entity. Five of the six patients were children, two of them infants less than one year old. The occurrence of thymic remnants in the neck of young children is not surprising, considering the nature and behavior of the thymus at different stages of life. After a brief embryologic survey, the various types of cervical thymus (solitary ectopic, cystic, or partially arrested descent) and their pathogenesis are discussed. The rare occurrence of thyroid and parathyroid tissue within the mass of a large cervical thymic cyst is reported and evaluated. Cervical thymic lesions can either be symptomless or cause severe dyspnea and dysphagia, especially in the young infant. Accurate diagnosis and an intelligent surgical approach in the child with a cervical mass can avoid the obvious parental apprehension and lead to the correct treatment. Symptoms due to pressure on neighoring structures are promptly eliminated after excision, and prognosis is excellent. PMID- 707746 TI - A simple accurate manometer technic for measuring carotid artery back pressure. PMID- 707747 TI - [Changes in the endometrium during the period of menstrual bleeding]. PMID- 707748 TI - [Gonodotropic function of the hypophysis in different forms of gonadal dysgenesis]. PMID- 707749 TI - [Characteristics of the gonadotropic function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in girls with certain forms of gonadal dysgenesis]. PMID- 707750 TI - [Change in the estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels in the blood plasma in Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. PMID- 707751 TI - [Characteristics of the course of the climacteric syndrome in patients under different industrial conditions and their treatment by electroanalgesia]. PMID- 707752 TI - [Pathogenesis of female genital tuberculosis (clinical and dissection data)]. PMID- 707753 TI - [Cause-effect relationships between endometriosis and sterility and the prognosis for restoration of the child-bearing function depending on the type of therapy]. PMID- 707754 TI - [Importance of the surgical method in the overall treatment of endometriosis]. PMID- 707755 TI - [Endometriosis as a cause of tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 707756 TI - [Viral infection of the vaginal mucosa in vulvovaginitis in childhood]. PMID- 707757 TI - [Intracavitary local use of hypothermia and heat for treating inflammatory diseases of the female genitalia]. PMID- 707758 TI - [Inflammatory tumorlike formations occurring after obstetrical and gynecological celiotomies]. PMID- 707759 TI - [Hermaphroditism: its pathogenesis, clinical picture and the means of therapy]. PMID- 707760 TI - [Aspects of the mechanism of action of pulse currents (according to the electroanalgesia method)]. PMID- 707761 TI - [Morphological aspects of the adaptation reaction in the mother-placenta-fetus system in the anemia of pregnant women]. PMID- 707762 TI - [Determination of the activity of thermostable alkaline phosphatase in the blood of pregnant women: a prognostic test of the status of the newborn infant]. PMID- 707763 TI - [Aspects of the functional state of the fetoplacental system in excessive fetal development]. PMID- 707764 TI - [Types of exchange between mother and fetus in parturients with chronic hepatocholecystitis]. PMID- 707765 TI - [Characteristics of the adaptive reactions of newborn infants depending on the nature of the birth process and of the characteristics of the prenatal development]. PMID- 707766 TI - [Factors affecting the exactness of determining fetal weight]. PMID- 707767 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in the overall treatment of hypoxic states in newborn infants]. PMID- 707768 TI - [Craniocerebral hypothermia in the treatment of newborn infants with cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 707769 TI - [Specialized help to women with a risk of hemorrhage during pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 707770 TI - [Clinical characteristics of the course of pregnancy and labor in multiparae 35 years old and older]. PMID- 707771 TI - [Problems of the pathogenesis of intrauterine streptococcal infection]. PMID- 707772 TI - [Importance of electro- and phonocardiography in evaluating fetal status during pregnancy]. PMID- 707773 TI - [Modern medical technological aspects of the design of a physiological postnatal ward and of a ward for newborn infants in an obstetrical hospital]. PMID- 707774 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the placenta at the early stages of ontogeny in anemic hypoxia]. PMID- 707775 TI - Practical uses of sex maturity ratings in adolescence. PMID- 707776 TI - The role of eye cosmetic contaminants in the pathogenesis of eye infection: an epidemiologic investigation. PMID- 707777 TI - Some models of the molecular structure of the histone 4 - histone 3 tetramer in chromatin. PMID- 707778 TI - Fluoride and calcium in Alabama coastal waters. PMID- 707779 TI - The physician: an alumnus and a citizen. PMID- 707781 TI - Comments on controlling the supply of hospital beds: a report by the Institute of Medicine. PMID- 707780 TI - Medical manpower and graduate medical education: update on the activities of GMENAC. PMID- 707782 TI - Health regulation and technology with a focus on CAT scanning. PMID- 707783 TI - Health care planning: local versus federal. PMID- 707784 TI - The family and the future of America. PMID- 707785 TI - [Clinical application of electron microscopy in the study of lymphatic tissue]. PMID- 707787 TI - Pathogenic importance of lymphocyte products. PMID- 707786 TI - [Modified nitroblue tetrazolium test in umbilical blood and in peripheral blood of normal adult]. PMID- 707788 TI - Quantitation of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) by using radiolabelled antigen. AB - The major problem of detecting reaginic antibody by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) is the quantitation of the dye reaction. Radiolabelled antigen was used in an attempt to quantitate the PCA reaction (Radio-PCA). Antisera containing reaginic antibody against human serum albumin (HSA) were produced in rabbits. These antisera were injected into normal rabbit skin in different dilutions. Twenty-four hours later HSA was injected intravenously either with Evans Blue or as 125-I-HSA. Radioactivity found in antibody-containing skin was significantly higher than in control specimens containing saline or normal rabbit serum, as low as antiserum dilutions of 1:1,000. Compared with the Evans Blue technique Radio PCA was able to distinguish quantitatively between different antiserum dilutions at a higher level of statistical significance. PMID- 707789 TI - Hypersensitivity to apple and carrot can be reliably detected with fresh material. AB - Hypersensitivity to birch pollen was linked with allergy to apple and carrot, apple seeds and carrot seeds and also with their fractions. Skin reactions among other atopics were rare, and non-atopic patients showed no reactions to fresh fruits and vegetables. Apple and carrot as well as apple seeds and carrot seeds were fractionated using column chromatography. Two major fractions were obtained, one with sugar and proteins, and one with proteins, the latter giving skin reactions more often than the former. The correlation between clinical symptoms and skin test results with the fractionated material was somewhat lower than that obtained with the non-fractionated fresh material. The allergens of fruits and vegetables might be proteins (enzymes). PMID- 707790 TI - Comparison of the effect of the beta1-blocking drugs atenolol and metoprolol on bronchial asthma. AB - Twenty patients with severe or medium severe asthma were given atenolol (Atenol ICI-Pharma) and/or metoprolol (Seloken Hassle) for tachycardia, hyperkinetic tremor, arterial hypertension or symptoms of angina pectoris. These cardioselective beta-blocking drugs caused only a very slight decrease in PF values. There was no difference between atenolol and metoprolol as regards the PF values. A 24 hourly dose of 100 mg atenolol caused a distinct fall in diastolic fall in diastolic pressure as compared with the same amount of metoprolol. Both these two beta1-blockers moderated the tachycardia which occurs in asthma; atenolol in this dose had a slightly stronger action. The subjective condition of five patients with severe or medium severe asthma was considerably relieved by atenolol and/or metoprolol. The relief manifested as a lessening of dyspnoea and improvement of the general status. No essential change was observed in the PF values despite the subjective effects. The most noteworthy change was the amelioration of tachycardia which had continued longer than expected in these patients. The heart rate dropped from 140-120/min to 90-70/min and dyspnoea was relieved at the same time. PMID- 707791 TI - The content of eosinophil cationic protein in eosinophil leucocytes. Study on normal controls and patients with bronchial asthma. AB - Eosinophil cationic protein constitutes a major part of eosinophil leucocyte granule protein. Low serum concentrations have previously been found in patients with bronchial asthma. As this might reflect a low intracellular content, eosinophils were isolated from normal controls and patients with bronchial asthma. Eosinophil cationic protein was estimated after extraction of the cells and a similar content was found in cells from both groups. PMID- 707792 TI - Aluminium phosphate but not calcium phosphate stimulates the specific IgE response in guinea pigs to tetanus toxoid. AB - The ability of aluminium phosphate and calcium phosphate to stimulate the synthesis of tetanus toxoid-specific anaphilactic and antitoxic antibodies is compared. The observed differences in the kinetics of IgG1a, IgG1b and antitoxines are quantitative--titres after application of aluminium phosphate are higher. Booster immunization with aluminium but not calcium phosphate-adsorbed toxoid leads to a prolonged synthesis of specific IgE. It is hypothesized that the regular application of aluminium compound-containing vaccines on the entire population could be one of the factors leading to the observed increase of allergic diseases. PMID- 707793 TI - Spectroscopic analysis of polymers of benzylpenicillin and ampicillin. PMID- 707794 TI - Microdetermination of monosaccharides in glycoproteins by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 707795 TI - Solid-phase Edman degradation: a new method for attaching peptides to insoluble resins using trifluoroacetic anhydride. PMID- 707797 TI - Molecular properties of the Busycon hemocyanin--SDS complex with reference to its usefulness as a high molecular weight standard. PMID- 707796 TI - A method for rapid microassay of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. PMID- 707798 TI - The use of high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) for peptide mapping of proteins. IV. PMID- 707799 TI - Separation of quinoxaline antibiotics by coil planet centrifugation. PMID- 707800 TI - Platinum determination in DNA--platinum complexes by fluorescence spectrophotometry. PMID- 707801 TI - Colorimetric determination of all-trans-retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid. PMID- 707802 TI - A simple and sensitive method of analysis for histamine, putrescine, and polyamines without the use of an amino acid analyzer. PMID- 707803 TI - Some aspects of chemical ionization mass spectroscopy using ammonia as reagent gas: a valuable technique for biomedical and natural products studies. PMID- 707804 TI - Labeling of small molecules with fluorescein. PMID- 707805 TI - Amido black 10 B-stained bovine serum albumin (BSA) in density gradient centrifugation. PMID- 707806 TI - Optimization of Folin--Ciocalteu Reagent concentration in an automated Lowry protein assay. PMID- 707807 TI - Specific measurement of DNA in nuclei and nucleic acids using diaminobenzoic acid. PMID- 707808 TI - Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in biological samples by negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 707809 TI - Simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper, and selenium in environmental material by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. PMID- 707810 TI - Lysine specific enzyme electrode for determination of lysine in grains and foodstuffs. PMID- 707811 TI - Determination of vanadium in biological materials by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. PMID- 707812 TI - Radiochemical determination of protactinium-231 in environmental and biological materials. PMID- 707813 TI - Measurement of silver in blood by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry using the micro-cup technique. PMID- 707814 TI - Determination of copper in plasma ultrafiltrate by atomic-absorption spectrometry using carbon furnace atomisation. PMID- 707815 TI - Determination of fish content of coated fish products. PMID- 707816 TI - Developmental organization of raphe serotonin neuron groups in the rat. AB - The pre- and early postnatal development of serotonin neurons in the rat brainstem was studied using the fluorescence histochemical method. The technique utilized does not require drug pretreatment to visualize an intense serotonin fluorophore localized in neuronal perikarya, dendrites, and axons. All the serotonin neuron groups develop as bilateral nuclei which extend from the midbrain through the medulla. Six of the nine groups undergo a midline fusion from embryonic day 18 (E 18) through postnatal day 6 (P 6) in a rostrocaudal gradient. Cells of the nucleus raphe dorsalis fuse first (by P 1), whereas the serotonin neurons located in nucleus raphe pallidus do not fuse until P 6. This gradient is comparable to the one described for the first observable fluorescence in the serotonin neurons groups. After final cell division, the serotonin neurons undergo a primary migration from the ventricular zone along the midline, where they are situated during embryogenesis, and a secondary migration extending into postnatal life which concludes with fusion in the midline. The bilateral origins of the serotonin cell groups are maintained in the adult. This is expressed by the apparent ipsilateral projections of some of the raphe neurons determined recently in our laboratory utilizing autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase techniques. PMID- 707817 TI - Pre- and postnatal development of catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase positive nerves of the rat cornea and iris. AB - Glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence technique and a copper thiocholine method were used to investigate the ontogenesis of the catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase-positive nerves of the rat iris and cornea. First fluorescent nerve fibres appeared in the iris on the 18th gestation day and in the cornea on the 19th day. A rapid increase in the density of the adrenergic nerve fibres of the iris continued to the age of three weeks, while the number of such fibres were small in the cornea. Acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres appeared both in the cornea and in the iris on the 19th gestation day. Their density increased more rapidly in the iris, especially in the sphincter muscle, than in the cornea. Non-specific cholinesterase activity was localized in the Schwann cells and the reaction was more intense during development than in the nerves of the cornea of adult rats. PMID- 707818 TI - Autoradiographic study of early neurogenesis in rat neocortex. AB - The early neurogenesis of rat neocortex was analysed by means of light and electron microscopic autoradiography. It was found that the very first preneurons originate probably as early as ED 11. They are the horizontal cells of Cajal Retzius. The peak of their formation is on ED 13 (surface index estimated on ED 17 after injection of 3H-thymidine on ED 13:21, after injection on ED 12:4, after injection on ED 15:5), WHereas no Cajal-Retzius cells could be found to have originated after ED 15. Theses cells are the developmentally most advanced of the neocortex. The cells second in date of origin and maturation are preneurons which presumably correspond to the presumptive neurons of Layer VII (VI b), and begin to originate on ED 12. The end of their formation could not be defined owing to a lack of ultrastructural differences to other, younger preneurons in later gestational stages. These two cell types are the first cellular components of the primordial plexiform layer (Marin-Padilla, 1978) or pallial anlage (Rickmann, 1977), demonstrating an outside-in gradient within this layer, and are separated by the formation of the cortical plate. This could be proven by their simultaneous labelling above and below the cortical plate after administration of 3H-thymidine before ED 15. These results confirm the hypothesis of a dual origin of the mammalian neocortex (Marin-Padilla, 1978). PMID- 707820 TI - The mammalian tubuli recti: ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructure of the tubuli recti was studied in the testes of sexually mature bulls, boars, rams, goats, rabbits and rats fixed by vascular perfusion. The tubuli recti are lined with a simple epithelium that varies in height, from squamous to tall columnar according to the species and the region. The cells are characterized by extensive lateral and tortuous basal plasma membranes and a luminal border with microvilli. Tight junctions and desmosomes are found in the upper half of the lateral borders. The Golgi apparatus is sizable and associated with it are coated vesicles and many smooth vesicles concentrated towards the luminal border. A distal segment of the tubuli recti is found in bulls only and is characterized by a high epithelium which is thrown into folds giving the lumen a festooned appearance. It is suggested that the epithelial cells of the tubuli recti are involved in fluid exchange and in the removal of unwanted spermatozoa. PMID- 707821 TI - A morphological study of early cellular changes in the closure of the rabbit ductus arteriosus. PMID- 707819 TI - Postnatal quantitative changes in the cerebellar uvula of albino rats. AB - The postnatal quantitative changes in cell diameter, cell density and total number of granule cells in the sublobule IXa of female rats from 6 to 760 days old were examined. There occurs and initial rapid increase in cell density from 1232.00 +/- 91.92 granule cells per 10(-3) mm 3 to 2995.50 +/- 322.07 granule cells per 10(-3) mm 3 and from 3 135 316 +/- 233 937 to more than 24 millions of granule cells between the 6th and 25th postnatal day. After the middle of the 3rd postnatal week, cell density and total number of granule cells decrease. The diameter of the granule cells reaches a maximum at the 6th day post partum and decreases continuously with progressing age. The possible mechanisms of these quantitative changes are discussed. PMID- 707822 TI - Changes in length of sarcomeres following tenotomy of the rat soleus muscle. AB - Tenotomy of the proximal and distal tendons of the soleus muscle of female Wistar rats was performed and sarcomeric length and muscle fascicle length measured. On the first postoperative day muscle bellies were found shortened and their sarcomeric length considerably reduced. Four weeks following tenotomy, although the muscle bellies remained shortened, sarcomeric length was comparable with that of control muscles. Measurement of muscle fascicle lengths at this time showed that those of experimental muscles were nearly 50% less than those of control muscles. It was concluded from these experiments that a reduction of the number of sarcomeres in series had occurred, thus compensating for the reduced length of the muscle belly. PMID- 707824 TI - Molecular anatomy: the role of X-ray structure analysis. PMID- 707825 TI - [Central hemodynamics under general ketamine anesthesia against a background of acute massive blood loss]. PMID- 707823 TI - Morphological observations on the normal human cardiac glands. AB - The majority of human cardiac glands that lie immediately distal to the termination of esophageal epithelium are compound or branched tubular glands. They empty into overlying gastric pits. The glands of this region are often organized into lobule-like complexes by the surrounding connective tissue of the lamina propria. The secretory tubules contain mucous cells, parietal cells and endocrine cells. The mucous cell is the most common cell type observed and appears to comprise two populations. The majority are pyramidal in shape and show numerous spherical, electron-dense secretory granules. Profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum are observed scattered throughout the cytoplasm and Golgi complexes occupy a supranuclear position in relation to forming secretory granules. Morphologically this cell type appears similar to the mucous neck cell of the fundus. Secretory granules of a second mucous cell type are mottled in appearance and show an area of increased electron density near the limiting membrane. Parietal cells are observed and appear identical to those in the fundus. The large number of endocrine cells present raises questions concerning the traditional concept of the function of these particular glands. PMID- 707826 TI - [Use of ataralgesia in oncological surgery]. PMID- 707827 TI - [New developments in the anesthesia and intensive therapy of diffuse polyposis of the large intestine]. PMID- 707828 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 707829 TI - [Blood gas makeup under general anesthesia using droperidol, diazepam, nitrous oxide, curare and hyperventilation in a closed system]. PMID- 707830 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium and the blood gas makeup in the immediate postoperative period in young children operated on with artificial circulation]. PMID- 707831 TI - [Oxygen-transport function of the blood in artificial circulation]. PMID- 707832 TI - [Importance of mass spectrometry in the overall evaluation of the state of gas metabolism in emergency operations and intensive therapy]. PMID- 707833 TI - [Use of prolonged epidural anesthesia before, during and after reconstructive vascular operations in Leriche's syndrome]. PMID- 707834 TI - [Complications of prolonged peridural anesthesia after operations on the chest cage organs]. PMID- 707835 TI - [Systemic and cerebral disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 707836 TI - [Clinical importance of determining leukocyte enzymes in the immediate postoperative period in heart surgery patients]. PMID- 707837 TI - [Effect of pharmacological preparations on the rate of lymph outflow from the drained thoracic duct]. PMID- 707838 TI - [New method of hermetically sealing the inflation cuff of the intubation tube]. PMID- 707839 TI - [Resuscitation outfit for newborn and young infants]. PMID- 707840 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia as a complication of anesthesia]. PMID- 707841 TI - [Surgical correction of a congenital heart defect in a pregnant woman under artificial circulation]. PMID- 707842 TI - [Method of objectively evaluating premedication adequacy]. PMID- 707843 TI - [Complicated sacciform aneurysms of the iliac artery]. PMID- 707844 TI - [Intermittent cerebrovascular insufficiency: extracranial etiopathogenical factors]. PMID- 707845 TI - [Venous thrombosis (a guide for the medical student and the recently graduated physician)]. PMID- 707846 TI - Plastic surgery in the management of the peripheral vascular ulcer. PMID- 707847 TI - Application of dextranomer beads (Debrisan) in the treatment of exudating skin lesions: results of a cooperative study. PMID- 707848 TI - Progressive occlusive thrombarteriopathy: a case report. AB - A case of occlusive arterial disease of obscure nature and etiology is reported. The most puzzling aspect of this case was an apparent lack of correlation between the acute, progressive clinical course of the disease, especially in its final stages and the absence of any corresponding acute changes on microscopic examination of the affected vessels. Furthermore the combination of clinical features and pathologic findings--particularly the thrombotic involvement of the heart and the thoracic aorta by a process starting in the small and medium size vessels of the lower extremities--is not consistent with any of the recognized syndromes leading to a thrombotic occlusion of the arterial system. We conclude that the case represents an obscure syndrome of progressive occlusive thrombarteriopathy, perhaps related to a cumulative effect of heavy smoking, alcoholism, and drug addiction. It is possible that increased coagulability of the blood contributed to the thrombotic process but was not recognized by means of the hematologic studies performed. PMID- 707849 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: a possible reflex mechanism. AB - Fifteen asthmatic patients with gastroesophageal reflux underwent an intraesophageal acid provocation test. Pulmonary function measurements demonstrated increased flow resistance when reflux symptoms occurred. After relief of symptoms, these changes tended to rapidly reverse. The technique employed and the prompt reversal of pulmonary functions suggest reflex mechanisms may be producing the observed bronchoconstriction. PMID- 707850 TI - The relationship between croup and asthma. AB - In 241 outpatients with asthma a higher prevalence of croup (33.2%) was found than in 131 controls (20.6%). The difference for recurrent croup was even more significant. Among inpatients with croup, compared with controls without, a greater tendency towards asthma, but not towards other atopic diseases, was found. PMID- 707851 TI - The airborne pollens of Walla Walla, Washington. AB - A Pollen Survey: During the pollen seasons of 1975 and 1976 a total of 821 pollen samples were collected with a Rotorod sampler in and near Walla Walla, Washington. A total of 51 genera in 22 families were identified; most were also determined to species. A pollen chart was constructed to show the duration of pollen production of each taxon. PMID- 707852 TI - Use of laser nephelometry in the measurement of specific antibody to lamb's quarters antigen. AB - Laser nephelometry was used to measure specific antibody to lamb's quarters antigen. It was demonstrated that the same specific antibody detected by indirect hemagglutination could readily be measured by this sensitive technique. Current investigations are being conducted to determine if this system might be validated for the measurement of blocking antibody in human serum. PMID- 707853 TI - Does childhood asthma really go away? PMID- 707854 TI - Prediction of serum theophylline concentrations resulting from sustained release therapy in children. PMID- 707856 TI - [Status and development of quality control (proceedings)]. PMID- 707855 TI - [Rapid column chromatography of blood amino-acids from a paper sample (author's transl)]. AB - Authors propose a method permitting rapide quantitative analysis of blood amino acids from a blood sample on paper. The amino-acid analyser was equiped with two columns of different lenght and diameter, one (0.5 x 30 cm) permitting rapid detection (complete chromatography in 110 minutes), the other (0.63 x 35 cm) permitting a quantitative study of amino-acidopathies (complete chromatography in 240 minutes). The apparatus and the program of elution proposed have the advantage of being adaptable without any other modification than the time of passage of the reagents to very rapid analysis of amino-acid groups and classical analysis of samples of serum and urine. PMID- 707857 TI - Research and educational initiatives in improving the use of the clinical laboratory [proceedings]. PMID- 707858 TI - [Conditions necessary for instituting a dialogue between physician and laboratory (proceedings)]. PMID- 707859 TI - [Quality of data and aid to decision making in the health field (proceedings)]. PMID- 707860 TI - Relating observed values to reference values [proceedings]. PMID- 707861 TI - Review of statistical methods of analysis of series of biochemical test results [proceedings]. PMID- 707862 TI - The need of European co-ordination of standardization in clinical laboratory sciences [proceedings]. PMID- 707863 TI - [Metabolic profiles in veterinary medicine (proceedings)]. PMID- 707864 TI - Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics in the neonatal period [proceedings]. PMID- 707866 TI - Selection of people for the production of population reference values [proceedings]. PMID- 707865 TI - [Pharmacological basis of therapeutic monitoring during the perinatal period (proceedings)]. PMID- 707868 TI - [Criteria choice of apparatus in clinical biochemistry: protocol for decision making (proceedings)]. PMID- 707867 TI - [Bio-medical relations: point of view of the biologist (proceedings)]. PMID- 707869 TI - [Biologist-physician relations: point of view of the physician (proceedings)]. PMID- 707870 TI - [Organization and computerization of a cell bank (proceedings)]. PMID- 707871 TI - [Interrelations between folates and vitamin B12 (proceedings)]. PMID- 707872 TI - Conceptual, methodological, and ethical problems of placebo groups in psychotherapy research. PMID- 707873 TI - The relationship between tuberculosis and silicosis. PMID- 707874 TI - Predisposing factors in hepatitis induced by isoniazid-rifampin treatment of tuberculosis. AB - Seventy-five patients who developed mild hepatic reactions (serum transaminase concentrations of 45 to 149 units per liter) and 50 patients who showed more serious liver damage (serum transaminase values greater than 150 units per liter) were compared with 261 consecutive patients who had no liver reactions during treatment with rifampin and isoniazid. Generally, liver toxicity occurred in 18 per cent of patients receiving combined anti-tuberculous drug therapy. Small increases in transaminase occurred in 14 per cent of the patients; large increases occurred in 4 per cent. Elderly women comprised a risk group. Among patients exhibiting a more serious hepatic lesion (transaminase values greater than 150 units per liter), alcoholics, mostly men, formed another risk group, together with other patients with a history of previous liver or biliary disease. Of 261 patients who did not develop a liver reaction, 57 per cent were slow INH acetylators. In this study, the groups with small and large increases in transaminase were clearly separated; in the former group there was no preponderance of phenotype, whereas in the latter group, slow acetylators clearly dominated among early (first 4 weeks of treatment) hepatic reactions (P less than 0.01). Studies of single-drug regimens of isoniazid have shown that neither slow nor rapid acetylation has any causal influence on isoniazid-induced hepatitis. Because the metabolism of rifampin is independent of the acetylation process, rifampin and isoniazid in combination seem to cause a toxic hepatitis that differs from the hepatitis induced by either drug separately. PMID- 707875 TI - Inhibition of Mycobacterium intracellulare by some vitamin K and coenzyme Q analogues. AB - Because vitamin K is present in several species of mycobacteria, and because coenzyme Q has been found to stimulate the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria, 8 quinones that can be considered to be dual analogues of vitamin K and coenzyme Q were tested for their activity against Mycobacterium intracellulare. One compound, 6-cyclo-octylamino-5,8-quinolinequinone (CQQ) exhibited considerable activity in vitro against several strains of Mycobacterium intracellulare at a concentration of 8 micrograms per ml. It has also shown evidence of bactericidal activity against growing cultures of Mycobacterium intracellulare. Time exposure studies indicated that a minimal contact period of 24 hours with a concentration of 8 micrograms of CQQ per ml is necessary for permanent inhibitory action against Mycobacterium intracellulare. At a concentration of 1 microgram per ml, CQQ inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including the rifampin-resistant strains. The drug has no activity against rapidly growing mycobacteria or organisms that are not acid-fast. PMID- 707876 TI - A prospective study of plasma DNA in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. AB - To assess the usefulness of plasma deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), we prospectively studied the frequency and duration of the occurrence of free plasma DNA in 23 patients with PE and in 49 patients with pneumonia, myocardial infarction, thrombophlebitis, or normal lung scans. Plasma DNA was detected in 19 of the 23 patients (83 per cent) with PE and in none of the 49 patients with other diagnoses. Eighteen of the 19 PE patients with free DNA had persistence of DNA on all subsequent sampling for up to 5 days. In this series, plasma DNA had a sensitivity of 83 per cent in the diagnosis of PE and was extremely specific for PE. Thus, detection of free plasma DNA may be useful as a rapid, noninvasive test to aid in the diagnois of PE. PMID- 707877 TI - Compliances of human rib cage and diaphragm-abdomen pathways in relaxed versus paralyzed states. AB - The respiratory magnetometer method of Konno and Mead was used to measure separately the rib cage and the diaphragm-abdomen components of the total respiratory system compliance in 11 subjects with normal respiratory systems. Measurements made in the awake, relaxed state by the method of Heaf and Prime were compared with similar measurements made in the anesthetized, paralyzed state by the supersyringe method. The rib cage component was greater in the paralyzed than the relaxed state in 9 of 11 subjects, but the diaphragm-abdomen component was greater in the relaxed than the paralyzed state in 8 of 11 subjects. We believe that these differences can be explained by respiratory muscle activity in the presumed relaxed state. The fraction of the tidal volume attributable to rib cage displacement compared to abdominal displacement was greater during mechanical ventilation in the paralyzed state than during awake, spontaneous breathing. This can be explained by the different distribution of inflating forces produced by diaphragmatic contraction compared to positive airway and alveolar pressure, in particular by the very different patterns of diaphragmatic displacement in the 2 states. PMID- 707878 TI - Effects of sulfuric acid aerosol on cardiopulmonary function of dogs, sheep, and humans. AB - Submicronic aerosol of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) originates from the burning of fossil fuels and discharge of vapor from the automobile engine equipped with the catalytic converter. This study was conducted to determine whether brief exposure to this aerosol in high concentrations adversely affects the cardiopulmonary system. In all studies, submicronic aerosol of sodium chloride was used as a control. Anesthetized dogs that breathed H2SO4 aerosol in concentrations up to 8 mg per m3 showed no effects on respiratory resistance, static lung compliance, and functional residual capacity. A 4-hour exposure to H2SO4 aerosol (4 mg per m3) produced no significant changes in mechanics of breathing, functional residual capacity, pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressures, cardiac output, heart rate, and arterial blood gas tensions. Conscious sheep that breathed H2SO4 aerosol in concentrations up to 14 mg per m3 for 20 min had no alteration of tracheal mucous velocity in an immediate 3-hour follow-up period or 5 to 10 days later. Conscious sheep that breathed H2SO4 aerosol (4 mg per m3) for 4 hours had no significant alteration of tracheal mucous velocity immediately and 2 hours thereafter. Both normal and asthmatic adults breathing H2SO4 aerosol in concentrations up to 1 mg per m3 for 10 min showed no significant alteration of lung volumes, distribution of ventilation, ear oximetry, dynamic mechanics of breathing, oscillation mechanics of the chest-lung system, pulmonary capillary blood flow, diffusing capacity, O2 consumption, and pulmonary tissue volume. No delayed effects in pulmonary function nor exacerbation of bronchial asthma were observe during a follow-up period of a few weeks. The present study indicates that single exposure to submicronic H2SO4 aerosol does not produce an immediate or a delayed adverse effect on cardiopulmonary function in anesthetized dogs, conscious sheep, and normal and asthmatic adults. PMID- 707879 TI - Ventilation-perfusion inequality in asymptomatic asthma. AB - Ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) inequality was measured by a multiple inert gas elimination method in 6 asymptomatic patients with asthma and in a seventh patient during a severe asthmatic episode. Measurements were made before and at 5 min intervals after administration of aerosolized isoproterenol. All patients had some residual airway obstruction as measured during forced expirations. All except one patient had clearly bimodal distributions of Va/Q ratios during all phases of the study, as confirmed by an extensive exploration of distributions compatible with each set of inert gas data. One mode lay within the normal range of Va/Q, but the other, containing 19.8 per cent of the cardiac output on the average, was centered on a Va/Q ratio of only 0.07. There was essentially no shunt. Five min after the administration of isoproterenol, the blood flow to the low Va/Q mode approximately doubled, accounting for the observed decrease in arterial PO2. Breathing 100 per cent O2 had little effect on the distribution. The presence of a bimodal distribution of Va/Q ratios without shunt suggests that collateral ventilation may be an important mechanism determining the distribution of Va/Q ratios and preventing the development of shunts. This study also showed that in some asymptomatic asthmatic patients, as many as one half of the lung units may lie behind completely closed airways and have very low but finite Va/Q ratios as a result of collateral ventilation. PMID- 707880 TI - Gas exchange during acute experimental canine asthma. AB - The inert gas infusion technique was used to recover distributions of ventilation perfusion ratios in anesthetized dogs during 17 episodes of acute asthma produced experimentally by broncho-provocation with aerosolized Ascaris suum extract, methacholine, or histamine. Regardless of the agent used, 2 general patterns of ventilation/perfusion maldistribution were observed. During mild attacks of bronchospasm, a broadening of the normal unimodal distribution of ventilation perfusion ratios occurred. During more severe attacks, the ventilation/perfusion distributions were clearly bimodal (with true right-to-left shunt of more than 4 per cent present on only one occasion), suggesting that there are, in general, 2 populations of gas-exchanging units in the lung under these conditions. One population has approximately normal ratios of ventilation to blood flow. The second is a population centered on a low ventilation-perfusion ratio (average, 0.14) that can be explained by ventilation of lung units with completely obstructed bronchi via collateral pathways. The postmortem appearances of the lungs and the time course of the gas-exchange abnormalities suggest that the chief cause of the bronchial occlusion responsible for the low ventilation perfusion units was excessive mucus in the lumen. The presence of collateral pathways of ventilation in the canine lung appeared to protect the animals from developing areas of true shunt under these conditions. The ventilation/perfusion distributions were similar to those seen in human patients with bronchial asthma. PMID- 707882 TI - Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure in hemorrhagic shock. AB - To test the hypothesis that the position of a pulmonary arterial wedge catheter might affect its ability to measure left atrial pressure, we inserted 2 wedge catheters, one superiorly, and one dependently, in supine dogs. The position of the catheter tips and the zero level of the transducers were located on a lateral chest radiograph so that by referencing the transducers to the posterior surface of the lung and measuring the height of the catheter tip above that reference point, the zones in which the catheter tips were located were determined. When both catheters were in Zone III (pulmonary arterial pressure greater than left atrial pressure greater than alveolar pressure), the wedge pressures accurately reflected left atrial pressure. However, during hemorrhage, left atrial pressure decreased, and when the pulmonary arterial wedge catheter placed superiorly came under Zone II conditions (pulmonary arterial pressure greater than alveolar pressure greater than left atrial pressure), it recorded a constant pressure somewhat greater than left atrial pressure; the pulmonary arterial wedge catheter placed dependently, which remained in Zone III, continued to reflect left atrial pressure. We conclude that a pulmonary arterial wedge catheter measures left atrial pressure only when it is located in Zone III. PMID- 707881 TI - Localized amyloidosis of the lower respiratory tract. AB - Amyloidosis limited to the lower respiratory tract is a relatively rare condition. Three new patients are reported, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. The available information is discussed with regard to clinical forms, diagnostic methods, therapy, and clinical course. Tracheobronchial deposition is the most frequent form of localized amyloidosis; it affects relatively younger persons and often gives rise to symptoms of airway obstruction. Bronchoscopy, although carrying a risk of bleeding, is the procedure of choice diagnostically and therapeutically. Single or multiple pulmonary nodules are usually discovered as an incidental roentgenographic finding, and surgical resection (for suspected malignancy) has resulted in cure in all cases. On rare occasions, amyloid may be deposited diffusely in the pulmonary parenchyma, leading to death from respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 707883 TI - Effect of O2 exposure on pulmonary metabolism of prostaglandin E2. AB - The effect of exposure to oxygen on lung metabolism of prostaglandin E2 to 15 keto-prostaglandin E2 and 13-14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin E2 was studied in the isolated, perfused rat lung. During a 30-sec period, lungs were infused with varying concentrations of prostaglandin E2 labeled with hydrogen-3 and the fraction metabolized during one passage was determined. At a prostaglandin E2 concentration of 5 nM, which approximates that in normal mixed venous blood, an average of 93 per cent of infused prostaglandin was metabolized by normal lungs. At prostaglandin E2 concentrations of 2 to 70 micrometer, the fraction metabolized decreased. The computed concentration of prostaglandin E2 for half maximal rate of metabolism was 4.2 micrometer. Metabolism of prostaglandin E2 by isolated lungs was unaffected by exposure of rats to greater than 97 per cent oxygen at 1 atmosphere absolute for 24 hours, but was markedly depressed after both 36 and 48 hours of hyperoxia. These results indicate that exposure of the rat to oxygen for 36 and 48 hours is associated with decreased ability of the lung to metabolize prostaglandin E2 to its keto derivatives and may result in increased concentration of prostaglandin E2 in the systemic arterial blood. PMID- 707884 TI - New Orleanians with newly recognized tuberculous disease: who are they and who found them? PMID- 707885 TI - Pleural masses and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 707887 TI - Spirometric changes in normal children with upper respiratory infections. PMID- 707886 TI - The hepatic toxicity of isoniazid among rapid and slow acetylators of the drug. PMID- 707888 TI - American Thoracic Society-Center for Disease Control. Toward eradication--a contemporary tuberculosis control strategy. PMID- 707889 TI - Excessive polycythemia of high altitude: role of ventilatory drive and lung disease. AB - Persons residing at high altitude who develop excessive polycythemia are more hypoxemic than normal high-altitude residents. We investigated the causes of hypoxemia in 20 patients with excessive polycythemia residing at an altitude of 3,100 m. Lung disease evidenced by abnormal spirometric features and results of a respiratory questionnaire was present in 10 of 20 patients and resulted in increased alveolar-arterial difference for PO2 [(A-a)PO2]. The excessive hypoxemia in the patients with normal lungs was not due to increased (A-a)PO2. We measured ventilatory responses to hypoxia and to hypercapnia to determine whether blunting of these responses was a cause of this excessive hypoxemia. We found, however, that chemical drives to breathe, although blunted, were the same in patients with polycythemia as in high-altitude control subjects. However, an abnormal breathing pattern was observed; the polycythemic patients had a smaller tidal volume and a greater ratio of dead space to tidal volume than did the normal subjects. In addition, the polycythemic patients had increased minute ventilation on breathing 100 percent O2, whereas the normal subjects did not. Thus, hypoxic depression of ventilation may have been present. Our findings suggested that blunted chemical drives are not causative in this disease, and that some other cause of hypoxemia must be present. PMID- 707890 TI - Pulmonary function in young smokers: male-female differences. AB - To delineate the pattern of pulmonary function abnormalities and associated pathophysiologic mechanisms in young smokers, 205 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 25 were studied with a variety of pulmonary function tests. Differences between male and female smokers were observed. Pulmonary function abnormalities consistent with small airway dysfunction were noted in male smokers, but not in female smokers. Decreased forced expiratory flows at high lung volumes suggesting large airway dysfunction were noted in both male and female smokers. Decreases in diffusing capacity for CO consistent with abnormalities of the pulmonary vascular system were seen in smokers of both sexes, but were more prominent in females. Because men develop chronic obstruction pulmonary disease more frequently than do women even when adjustments for smoking are made, and because women develop primary pulmonary hypertension more frequently than do men, these chronic diseases may reflect distinct pathophysiologic response of the 2 sexes to agents such as cigarettes. PMID- 707891 TI - Problems in the plethysmographic assessment of changes in total lung capacity in asthma. AB - We studied the effect of abdominal gas compression on plethysmographically determined total lung capacity (TLC) in asthmatic patients before, during, and after treatment of induced bronchospasm. TLC was derived from panting maneuvers near residual volume, at functional residual capacity, and near TLC. Significant differences among these "derived TLC" values increased significantly during bronchospasm. Whether or not TLC appeared to increase, and by how much, depended on the level of the vital capacity from which it was derived. Individual increases in TLC during bronchospasm could not be explained by increases in abdominal gas volume or in the extent to which it was compressed and decompressed during panting. We postulate that during the Boyle's Law panting maneuver, pleural, and therefore alveolar, pressure swings may be nonhomogeneous and greater over lung regions subtended by closed airways than over regions in communication with the mouth. This would result in an underestimation of alveolar pressure swings as measured at the mouth and an overestimation of thoracic gas volume, and would account in large part for the observed increase in discrepancies between the "derived TLC" values in asthma as well as the dependence of apparent TLC changes on the level of the VC at which the panting maneuver is performed. PMID- 707892 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in asbestos workers. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and inducibility were studied in the lymphoblasts of 47 asbestos workers and 31 control subjects. Mean inducibility (3 methylcholanthrene [MC]-or dibenz(a,h,)anthracene [DBA]-induced divided by basal enzyme activity) was greater in the occupationally exposed subjects than in the control subjects. The estimated estimated change in mean value (+/- SE) of MC inducibility was 0.88 +/- 0.21 (P less than 0.001), and that of DBA inducibility was 1.59 +/- 0.56 (P less than 0.01). Differences in inducibility values were particularly apparent in 12 pairs of spouses, in all of whom the inducibility values of the occupationally exposed subjects exceeded those of their spouses. The differences in inducibility of AHH resulted from increases in induced activity, not from any appreciable change in basal activities. They were independent of subject age, sex, smoking status, year of first exposure to asbestos, yield of lymphoblasts, or the rate of blastogenesis as measured by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into nucleic acid. Increased AHH inducibility may bear some relation to the greatly increased risk of bronchogenic carcinoma in asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes. PMID- 707893 TI - Oral therapy for experimental coccidioidomycosis with R41 400 (ketoconazole), a new imidazole. AB - Oral treatment of mice with R41 400, ketoconazole, after intranasal challange with arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis prevented death at doses of 40 mg per kg of body weight per day. Doses of 160 mg per kg of body weight per day during 50 to 100 days eradicated the fungus from the lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys of approximately one half of the infected animals. Resistance to the drug was not induced during prolonged treatment. Hydropic changes in the liver occurred in animals receiving doses of 160 mg per kg of body weight per day by the fiftieth day of treatment, but did not occur at lower doses. PMID- 707894 TI - Volume-pressure and morphometric observations after acute alveolar injury in the dog from N-nitroso-N-methylurethane. AB - Volume-pressure diagrams during inflation with air and saline were made with the lungs of 6 control dogs and 24 dogs with acute alveolar injury induced by subcutaneous injection of 6 mg of N-nitroso-N-methylurethane per kg of body weight 3 to 14 days before study. The extent of alveolar closure was estimated by measuring the mean linear intercept of the remaining open air spaces after inflation of the lung with liquid formalin at a pressure of 40 cm H2O. This alveolar closure was defined as irreversible. The volume-pressure diagrams and compliance data derived from them during the 3 to 4, 5 to 7, and 9 to 14 day periods after injection were analyzed and compared with the morphometric data. The diagrams with air inflation showed a progressive downward shift beginning with the 3 to 4 day period. This shift was at least partly independent of volume loss. The diagrams with saline inflation were unchanged during the 3 to 4 day period, but showed a downward shift, largely due to volume loss thereafter. Irreversible alveolar closure, reflected by an increased mean linear intercept, was present in the 3 to 4 day period, and its extent increased with time, correlating inversely with total lung capacity and saline compliance. The data indicate that decreased lung compliance and volume during the first 7 days of injury induced by injection of N-nitroso-N-methylurethane were due largely to increased surface tension and that tissue forces became a significant factor later. They suggest that the altered tissue forces were due principally to irreversible alveolar closure. PMID- 707895 TI - A clinical trial of mebendazole in the treatment of alveolar hydatid disease. AB - In July 1974, mebendazole was reported to be effective against the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus in experimentally infected mice. A clinical trial of mebendazole was initiated in December 1974 in 4 patients with far advanced, nonresectable lesions caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. A daily dose of 40 mg of the drug per kg of body weight was administered to the 4 patients for more than 3 years. No evidence of toxicity or adverse reactions has been observed. Detectable plasma mebendazole concentrations were achieved with high-dose mebendazole therapy. Serum concentrations of IgE increased and decreased early in therapy. There was no evidence that the larval cestode was killed. The metastatic lesions appeared to be stabilized or diminished, and over-all clinical results were encouraging. Progressively enlarging thoracic metastases in 2 patients regressed during therapy, and symptomatic improvement was observed in all 4 patients. Mebendazole, a highly effective antihelmintic in enteric infections, is poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Resulting low serum concentrations limit treatment of the massive, scirrhous lesions characteristic of E. multilocularis infections. Nevertheless, encouraging clinical responses observed with mebendazole therapy suggest that a more soluble form of this or a related drug might prove highly effective in the medical management of hydatid disease in humans. PMID- 707896 TI - Pathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary edema. AB - A patient presenting with apparent pulmonary edema in whom transient, large increases in systemic arterial, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures occurred and spontaneously resolved within a few minutes is presented. This appears to lend support to the pressure and volume overload theory of the pathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary edema that previously has not been demonstrated in humans. PMID- 707897 TI - Quantitation of damage to the alveolar epithelium by means of type 2 cell proliferation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the amount of alveolar epithelial tissue damaged during exposure of NO2 could be quantified by measuring the proliferative response to Type 2 cells. To accomplishe this, we used tissues from previously published experiments in which rats had been exposed to NO2 and the proliferative response to Type 2 cells had been measured during a 5-day period. The proportion of alveolar epithelium damaged was determined by stereologic examination with electron microscopy of tissue sections from those rats exposed to NO2 for 24 hours. These values were then compared with the total proliferative response to Type 2 cells for the 5 days of exposure. The study demonstrated that increasing tissue damage is assocaited with a greater proliferative response to Type 2 cells. The high degree of correlation (r = 0.93) indicates that the proliferative response of Type 2 cells can be used as an indirect means to quantify acute damage to the alveolar epithelium. PMID- 707899 TI - Interactions of risk factors of COPD. PMID- 707898 TI - Racism in coccidioidomycosis? PMID- 707900 TI - Henry's "heinous" herniorrhaphy. PMID- 707901 TI - Lower extremity amputation for ischemia. AB - Three hundred-twenty-four amputations of the lower extremity for ischemia at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center over the past ten years are presented. Striking differences between the first and second five-year periods are noted in level of amputation. The primary healing rate of all patients in the two periods was similar. Diabetics tended to have more distal amputations but primary healing was lower than that of nondiabetics. PMID- 707902 TI - Lesions of the outflow tract in aortoiliac occlusive disease. PMID- 707903 TI - Thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 707904 TI - Experience with gastric bypass for massive obesity. AB - Gastric bypass was performed for the control of massive, exogenous obesity on 50 patients. There was a preoperative average weight of 134 kg. The average weight of these patients at one year was 85 kg, at 2 years was 87 kg and at 3 years was 93 kg. There were five patients who failed to lose 25% of their preoperative weight. An early major complication rate of 10% occurred with one death. Cholelithiasis occurred at some time in 38% of these patients. PMID- 707905 TI - Complications of jejunoileal bypass. AB - Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity is accompanied by excessive morbidity and significant mortality. Weight loss is achieved at the expense of major nutritional changes which in and of themselves produce complications. The operation should be considered investigational and be limited to those centers with special interest in the problem and where longterm follow-up and management can be carried out. PMID- 707906 TI - Splenectomy for hypersplenism. AB - The five-year experience with 75 consecutive splenectomies has been reviewed. Special detail was given to eight critically ill hypersplenic patients. Their diagnoses included Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, leukemia, myelofibrosis and Felty's syndrome. Three presented with sepsis, two with anemia not responsive to transfusion, three had pathologic bleeding and two could not receive additional needed therapy of underlying disease because of low counts. All cases responded to splenectomy favorably. Hypersplenism is primarily a loss of balance between the splenic destruction-sequestration and bone marrow production. The demonstrated rapid consumption of transfused cells and some degree of functional reserve of the bone marrow is the prerequisite and clue for splenectomy response in critically ill patients. PMID- 707907 TI - An evaluation of the changing approach to the diagnosis of breast masses. AB - For what we believe are varied and compelling reasons, the majority of physicians in our hospital have abandoned the traditional inpatient approach to the evaluation and treatment of a woman with a breast mass. We attempt to tailor the diagnostic procedure to fit the most probable pathology. In general, we believe a patient with carcinoma should have the diagnosis established by needle biopsy. This allows complete staging, the development of an appropriate treatment plan and gives us the opportunity for frank and open discussion with our patients. Those patients with probable benign disease should have the diagnosis established by an outpatient biopsy performed using a local anesthetic. PMID- 707908 TI - A positive view of xeromammography. PMID- 707909 TI - Surgical treatment of choledochal cyst. AB - A case of multiloculated choledochal cyst occurring in an 18-year-old girl is presented. The choledochus which contained multiple pigment stones was excised as the primary treatment and the patient remains well on two year follow-up. Ten additional cases of choledochal cyst treated in the past 20 years have been reviewed. It is concluded that excision of the choledochus is a safe and acceptable treatment of choledochal cyst in young low risk patients and that the alternative treatment of Roux-en-Y choledochocyst-jejunostomy gives satisfactory results. PMID- 707910 TI - Radioiodine treated hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma. AB - External irradiation of the head and neck has been shown to increase the incidence of thyroid carcinoma. Fourteen cases have also been reported of thyroid cancer developing in individuals treated with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism. Another patient's case is reported here to emphasize the possible role of I131 on the genesis of thyroid malignancy and the importance of surgery in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 707911 TI - Institutionalization and sick role identification among the elderly. PMID- 707912 TI - Status resources, societal reactions, and type of mental hospital admission. PMID- 707913 TI - Nonrecursive models of labor force participation, fertility behavior and sex role attitudes. PMID- 707914 TI - [New procedure for protein spinning: the hydrodynamic process]. AB - In this text, we describe a new protein spinning process called hydrodynamic process. Parameters which are related to production of fibers and which can influence diameter and texture are explained extensively. In this process, a spinning dope is extruded through a spinnerette in a moving coagulation bath in which the fibers are coagulated, stretched and carried. PMID- 707915 TI - [New extraction process for milk whey proteins]. AB - The main objective of this report is to present a new process of the extraction of milk proteins based on the use of selective absorbants (registered trade mark : Spherosil, ions exchanger), recently developed in our laboratory. PMID- 707916 TI - A chemical approach to the nutritional availability of methionine in food proteins. AB - The background to earlier experiments that were designed to evaluate the nutritional availability of peptide-bound methionine sulphoxide is described. After mild acid hydrogen peroxide treatment of casein, NPU had fallen from 71 to 58. A gas-chromatographic analysis for intact methionine residues that has been developed since then has shown that in the oxidised casein all methionine residues had been oxidised to the sulphoxide, whereas in several foods only moderate levels of sulphoxide were found. The methionine potency of sulphoxide residues is considered to be less a function of digestion and absorption than of the body's capacity to reduce it to methionine. Evidence is given that hydrogen peroxide also modified cystine residues in casein to be rendered nutritionally unavailable. On a molar basis, half the sulphur amino acids in most foods is furnished by cystine which therefore plays a more important role in protein nutrition than is generally recognised. PMID- 707917 TI - [Use of small peptides to study the loss of available methionine, lysine and tryptophan during technological processing]. AB - Peptides such as glycyl-L-methionyl-glycine, glycyl-L-lysine, L-lysyl-glycine and glycine-L-tryptophyl-glycine are used to study side-chain reactivity of three essential amino acids during food processing. The treatment of glycyl-L-methionyl glycine with sodium hypochlorite resulted in the two following types of reaction: 1. Methionyl residues are oxidised to the corresponding sulfoxide at sodium hypochlorite concentrations up to 0,1 p. 100 w/v; 2. Oxidation of methionine residues to methionine sulfone and deamination reactions also occur for sodium hypochlorite concentrations over 0,2 p. 100 w/v. Sodium hypochlorite treatment of glycyl-L-lysine and L-lysine-glycine causes, probably by deamination of the epsilon-NH2 groups, a loss of lysine of 20 and 30 p. 100, for sodium hypochlorite concentrations of 0,1 and 0,2 p. 100 w/v, respectively. Treatment of glycyl-L tryptophyl-glycine with hydrogen peroxide (0,05 M) modifies tryptophan residues in such a way that it cannot be retrieved after hydrolysis of the tripeptide with methane sulfonic acid and subsequent chromatographic analysis; six new unidentified components appear on the chromatogram. Glycyl-L-methionyl-glycine was incubated with food constituents or additives such as reducing oses, acrolein, p-benzoquinone, methyl iodide, or dichloro I, I ethylene. Thin layer chromatography and RMN show that carbonyl compounds or quinones do not react with the thioether group. Alkylating agents sometimes used in food processing only gave traces of sulfonium compounds. Thus, it appears that the only reaction liable to render methionine residues unavailable in foods would be its oxidation to methionine sulfone. PMID- 707918 TI - [Biologic availability and metabolic transit of amino acids modified by technological processing]. AB - The biological availability of amino acids modified by industrial processes has been measured in trials on rats, and their metabolic transit (urinary and faecal excretions, transformation into CO2 and retention in organs) has been studied using molecules labelled with 14C. Maillard reaction products. epsilon-fructose lysine is not utilized as lysine source. However, less than 10 p. 100 of this substance, bound to proteins, is excreted unmodified in the urine. Intestinal flora destroys most of the fraction which is not absorbed. Premelanoidins are partially absorbed and "burnt" in the organism, whereas high molecularightwe melanoidins are totally excreted in the faeces. epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine and epsilon-(beta-aspartyl)-lysine isopeptides. 80 to 100 p. 100 of free epsilon (gamma-glutamyl)-lysine are utilized by the Rat. It seems to be absorbed by the intestine, and subsequently hydrolyzed by the kidney, thus releasing lysine. Utilization of this isopeptide bound to proteins has not been shown till now. Free epsilon-(beta-aspartyl)-lysine is not utilized as lysine source. Methionine sulfoxyde and methionine sulfone. Methionine sulfone is not utilized as methionine source whereas most of the free and bound methionine sulfoxide is, in part, it is "reduced" by the liver (perfused liver). Lysino-alanine. Formation of lysino-alanine reduces the availability of lysine and cystine. It is partially excreted in urines, mainly as free lysino-alanine, but also as acetylated derivatives and unknown catabolites. PMID- 707919 TI - [Effects of technological processing on digestive and metabolic utilization of amino acids from various protein foods]. AB - The use of vegetable proteins such as legumes or oilseeds proteins is often restricted by antinutritional or toxic factors. Therefore, it is usefull, in order to extend their consumption, to isolate proteins from most of the other components of the seeds. Unfortunately, the technological processes may have some deleterious effects on the nutritive value of the proteins. Moreover, the proteins isolates and concentrates need further processing to be texturated in order to look like conventional foods for humans. We used growing rats to study the effect of some of these technological processes on the nutritive value of some field bean and sunflower protein feedstuffs. We estimated the digestive utilization of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids, and the amino acid composition of feces was used in trying to explain some decreases in nitrogen digestibility. We also studied the ability of their amino acids to be used for growth, and tried to estimate their availability from blood and muscle free amino acids determinations. It may be inferred from the results that the technologists were successfull in improving their processes, and that textured field beans and sunflower proteins of good nutritional quality may be processed now. PMID- 707921 TI - [Physiologic effect of a dietary regimen rich in soy proteins in man]. AB - The increasing availability of palatable soya bean protein materials for use in human foods raises the question of possible effects on the health and well-being of the consumer. On the basis of available evidence, no unfavourable effects are to be expected, but apart from nitrogen balance investigations, systematic human experiments with these novel foods are scarce. Therefore, we carried out a large scale experiment covering many physiological and health aspects. Two diets were compared in 4 + 4 weeks cross-over design with 92 healthy volunteers. One diet contained a wide variety of soya protein foods (test diet), about 25% of the protein intake being from soya, the other (control) diet contained similar products made from conventional protein sources. The diets were given in two identical menu cycles. Blood, urine and feces were sampled at the end of each period. Health status and subjective reactions were monitored throughout. About 90 out of the more than 100 parameters investigated did not show any difference. Statistically significant reactions to the diet composition were found in the following areas: of the blood serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase was higher after consumption of the test diet, while serum inorganic phosphate showed a decrease. The higher magnesium content of the soya protein materials was reflected by an increase in fecal excretion, and in serum levels in the fed state. Fasting serum levels, however, were lower on the soya diet. Measurement of the intestinal noise indicated that more intestinal gas was produced on the test diet; this was confirmed by reports from the volunteers. Immunological tests showed that the females had increased IgA and soya specific IgE levels on the test diet, but no indications for allergenicity were found. All the mentioned effects were well within normal physiological ranges and do not indicate unfavourable trends. We conclude, that these results confirm the prevailing view that soya bean protein materials are acceptable ingredients for our daily food. PMID- 707920 TI - [Effect of the extrusion process on the availability of proteins]. AB - The extrusion process has grown rapidly as in the preparation of meat-extenders from vegetal proteins as in the fabrication of cocktail-snacks and food for breakfast. The nutritional modifications induced by the thermic shock during the extrusion affect: -the diminution of the content of nutrient: loss in vitamins, destruction and unavailability of amino-acids; -the structural modification of a few compounds: starch gelatinization; -destruction of antinutritional factors: essentially antitrypsic factor. We studied the effect of extrusion with a model mixture on the availability of amino-acids and particularly lysin. We effected the systematic study of different factors which can interfer in the intensity of the Maillard reaction in relation to the composition of the mixture (presence and nature of sugar, etc.) and to the technological parameters (screw-section, moisture of the mixture, etc.) The model mixture composed of cereal flours shows a global loss of 32 p. 100 in lysin (destruction 18 p. 100, biological unavailability 16 p. 100) after extrusion. When this mixture is added up with 7,2 p. 100 of saccharose the total loss in lysin reaches 40 p. 100. If saccharose is substituted by a more reducing sugar (fructose) the lysin loss approaches 80 p. 100. The addition of 4 p. 100 water at the mixture containing saccharose (total moisture 14 p. 100) limits the lysin loss to 10 p. 100. The modification of other technological parameters does not improve significatively the level of available lysin. The moisture of the mixture before extrusion appears to be a preponderatting factor in the intensity of the Maillard reaction during extrusion. PMID- 707922 TI - [Vitamin evolution during preparation and conservation of baby food]. AB - The Baby-Foods process is explained and a rapid sum up of vitamins degradations factors. This paper studies vitamins degradations during processing and storage (Shelf live). Six vitamins were controlled in 26 recipies. The general results are listed. The vitamin C appears to be the most labile during storage and vitamins A and C during process. PMID- 707923 TI - [Influence of microorganisms on the formation of nitrosamines]. AB - The N-nitroso compounds synthesis from amine and nitrite contained in food is influenced by many factors: -the pH; -the temperature; -the amine basicity; -the presence of organic groups which catalyse or inhibit the reaction. The chemical nitrosation of the amino group takes place at pH between 2 and 4,5. At the near neutrality pH of most of food, this synthetis, cannot be realised. Under these conditions the nitrosamine occurence can be explained by the effect of microorganisms. We have studied the influence of moulds used in cheese making on the nitrosation reaction in a middle where nitrate and amino groups are found together. The middles are realised on caseine or curdled milk, and contained 150 mg/l of nitrate and 100 mg/l of piperidine. The nitrosopiperidine has been identified in all the middles studied. The results are discussed concerning the risk of nitrosamine formation of this type of food during the technological process. PMID- 707924 TI - [Influence of various thermal processes and microwaves on the amino acid composition of food products: implications on their nutritional value]. AB - The cinetic study of free amino nitrogen and total soluble nitrogen of hard wheat semolina, when comparatively treated by thermal processings (convection and microwaves) shows a decrease conditioned by time and strength of heating. Aminograms show the same decrease, which is however different for each amino acid. After thermal treatment, appear ninhydrin-reactive substances, to be identified. In short, micro-wave heating seems to have the same effect as conventional heating, on free amino acids of these cereal products. PMID- 707925 TI - Influence of heating and keeping warm on the quality of meals. AB - Meals produced on a large scale for public feeding establishments (sterilized, quick frozen, cooled) have to be heated before they are served. Meals prepared in central kitchens are kept warm for several hours. The influence of heating and holding is explained with quick frozen meals being kept warm as examples. If quick frozen meals in multi-portion trays are heated (hot-air oven) under unfavourable conditions and up to high central temperatures, the content of the various vitamins is notably reduced. Vegetable meals also show an inferior sensorical quality. The meals should be kept warm in a way that, on the one hand, microbiological risks are avoided and that, on the other, quality changes are minimized. The higher the holding temperature, the more thermolabile ingredients are destructed. During a holding time up to 5 hours at temperatures ranging from 60 degrees C to 80 degrees C, losses to varying degrees of vitamins C, B1, B2, niacin, retinol and beta-carotin occurred in nearly all meals. A holding time of max. 3 hours seems possible if a certain detraction from the nutrition physiological and sensorical quality is tolerated. PMID- 707926 TI - The nutritional value of hot meal components prepared in different ways. AB - When the experiment "Convenience foods in hospitals" was planned it had to be established that it is nutritionally justified to replace conventionally cooked hot meals by deep-frozen ones. Therefore a study was devoted to the assesment of the nutritive value, immediately prior to consumption, of hot meal components prepared in different ways, namely: under ideal domestic conditions, in the central kitchens of institutions and industrially deep-frozen. The following meal components were chosen for the study: 6 different types of meat with their gravies, 6 different types of vegetables and potatoes prepared in 2 different ways. In these products the following nutrients were determined: proteins, fat, carbohydrates, iron, vitamin C and 7 vitamins of the B-complex. The study revealed that the nutrient-content of hot meal components immediately prior to consumption is not influenced by the way of preparation. An exception was vitamin C. The deep-frozen meals had a significantly lower vitamin C-content than the meals prepared under ideal domestic conditions. PMID- 707927 TI - [Physiopathologic effects of some cooked food oils in rats]. PMID- 707928 TI - [Physiopathological effects of feeding heated oils to rats]. AB - 1. Reproduction tests were carried out in rats receiving diets containing 10 p. 100 fresh or heated linseed oil (L) or 20 p. 100 fresh or heated rapeseed (Cz) or canbra (Cb) oils. These oils were heated either at 275 degrees C (12 hours, under nitrogen), or at 200 degrees C (100 hours or 60 X 30 minutes, exposed to the air). With L-275, we observed in the young rats a very important perinatal mortality and an hepatic hypertrophy with steatosis. With L-200, the mortality was lower, but the body growth of surviving young rats was slower and their liver were enlarged. With Cz-275 and Cb-275, the results were qualitatively identical, but less important that with L-275. With Cz-200 and Cb-200, a slowing down of the body growth and an enlargement of the liver were observed. With all the heated oils, cyclic monomers were detected in liver lipids of young rats before weaning. 2. The detoxification mechanisms of components formed during heating of the oils were studied in the weaned rat. We noted that a diet containing 10 p. 100 heated linseed oil markedly increased the urinary excretion of hippuric acid and mainly of glucuronic acid as compared to the results obtained with a 10 p. 100 fresh oil diet. Kinetics of excretion of conjugated glucuronic acid shows that there are two phases: a phase of fast increase of excretion (appearance of the detoxification system), then a phase where this increase was much lower. The authors draw some practical conclusions from their whole work. PMID- 707929 TI - [Incidence of UV rays on nutritional elements of baby foods according to the nature of the wrapping: white and dark glass]. AB - Drawing the inference from their experiment the authors have both pointed out the baneful influence of light on evolution of some vitamins and proved that the filter power of tinted packing is an important factor in this test mechanism: - vitamin C has a light development in an atmosphere without oxygen and is more sensitive about temperature than about light; --vitamin A is sensitive about both light and temperature. U.V. radiation applied to a product whose temperature is higher than 20 degrees C causes more damage to this product when packing is made of transparent glass; --the protector power of stained glass is still more obvious in vitamin B2. PMID- 707930 TI - [Very low temperature (quick freezing) and pseudo-stabilization of the chemical composition of food of plant origin]. AB - The consequences of freezing at -18, -30 degrees C are presented: slowing down or acceleration of enzymatic or non enzymatic reactions, concentration effect, consequences of the death of cells, (time--temperature relation). The most characteristic examples of nutritive value adulterations are presented: ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, other vitamins, derivatives of the insaturated fatty acids oxidation, changes in proteins. Other damages more related to sensorial quality are summarized: "chlorophyll, phenolic substances, aroma, pectins. These chemical changes occurring at low temperatures are generally less important than the losses in nutritional value of frozen plant products related to the necessary treatments preceding or following cold storage. Particularly, the losses during blanching and thawing (drip) are discussed. Finally, quick freezing as it is used now industrially does not exactly stabilize the nutritive quality of plant products but protects this quality satisfactorily. Progress is however possible, concerning the cold treatments (storage temperature lowering) and especially the losses before and after freezing and storage (blanching, transport, distribution, thawing). PMID- 707931 TI - [Preservation of bread and pastry products in a controlled atmosphere]. AB - Industrial soft pastries and the various breads are cereals products containing a humidity which is favorable to the development of mouldiness. Different or various methods of conservation has been attempted. One interesting approach to the problem is packaging in controlled atmosphere. It requires adequate machinery and suitable conditioning materials. Jardry-Buquet and Hayssen's machines are rapidly described as well as some of the packing film used for making air-tight bags. Bad results were observed with nitrogen, argon and a mixture of nitrogen carbon dioxide. The satisfactory results obtained with the nitrous oxide for cakes (especially fruit-cakes) and for the bread with a mixture of ethylene oxide carbon dioxide are: a good conservation for a period of 4 to 6 months in both cases. Organoleptic qualities of the products are not significantly diminished after eight weeks of preservation. The gases contained on the bags are analysed at different periods and the progressive disappearance of the nitrous oxide as well as the athylene dioxide was measured. The compounds derivated from these gases were researched on different extracts. No derivatives of the nitrous oxide were observed. From the ethylene oxide, the derivatives found in the bread are diethylene glycol and 2-chloroethanol; their concentrations are respectively 100 and 300 ppm in the case of 85 : 15 mixture, but decrease to a mere trace and 45 ppm in the case of 98 : 2 mixture. The measure of humidity, of peroxides and of the staleness of crumb are favourable for a good conservation. PMID- 707932 TI - [Preservation of meats in a controlled atmosphere]. AB - Commercializing meat sets problems more particularly connected with its organoleptic and microbiological qualities. As these qualities, resulting from biochemical and microbial effects, develop during the storage, the conditioning must precisely help their controlling. After examining their factors, the Author analyses the processes of conditioning which he classifies in three categories according to the techniques used and the desired finality (need to store at -1 degree C + 3 degrees C). 1. Conditioning under a steam-proof and gas pervious (O2 CO2) film. Composition of the internal atmosphere permanently close to that of the normal atmosphere. No change in the bright red colouring at the surface (oxymyoglobin). Microbial growth slowed down by refrigeration. Limited storage (a few days). Comminuted meat trade. 2. Conditioning under a totally steam--and gas- proof film. Internal atmospheric air under reduced volume and pressure ("vacuum packed" meats). Internal changes during the storage: reduced rate O2; increased rate CO2 (cellular and microbial respirations). Surface becoming darker (absence of oxymyoglobin). Growth of the germs arrested (pathogenic and spoilage). However development of microaerophilic and acidophilic germs (in particular the lactic B.). Storage possibly extended to 8 weeks. Re-apparition of the red colour after oxygenation (opened package). Wholesale meat trade. 3. Conditioning under a film with properties close to that of (2 degrees). Initial constitution of an internal "artificial" atmosphere increased in O2 and CO2 (gas injection). No change in the bright red colouring (oxymyoglobin). Growth of the germs arrested (pathogenic and spoilage). Selection of an acidophilic aerobic flora including lactic B. and microbacterium. Storage until 12-15 days. Comminuted meat trade. PMID- 707933 TI - Food irradiation in practice, present status in the Netherlands. AB - When an irradiated human food item is considered to be feasible for commercialization, two obstacles are still to be taken: governmental approval and consumer acceptance. The present Dutch situation is compared to recent developments towards approval of the technique by international authorities. The effect of this approval and of the remaining problems with respect to consumer acceptance on the Dutch market for food items is discussed. Three commodities are used as examples to demonstrate the present Dutch situation. PMID- 707934 TI - The influence of irradiation and packaging on the quality of prepacked vegetables. AB - During storage, transport and sale of prepacked vegetables, their quality deteriorates very quickly by microbiological decay, discolouration and desiccation. The experiments described were carried out with endive (Chichorium endiva L.) as a representative of the leaf vegetables. After processing (cutting, washing and drying), the product was packed in polythene bags without and with 4 perforations of 2 mm diameter. The endive was irradiated with 0 and 100 krad gammarays and afterwards stored at 10 degrees C, thus simulating the transport and sale temperature. The quality was studied on the basis of the following parameters. The gas composition in the bags, the microbiological composition, the Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid + Dehydroascorbic acid) content and the sensory quality. The experiments showed that the modified gas composition in the non-perforated bags, caused by the respiratory activity of the cut product, improved the quality. The low O2 and high CO2 content prevented discolouration, retarded the senescence and diminished the Vitamin C losses. The initial Total Viable Count of endive was 10(6) to 10(7) and the number of Enterobacteriaceae amounted to approx. 10(5) g-1 product, and increased in a couple of days to 10(8) and 10(7) g 1 respectively, resulting in decay of the product. The contamination with aerobic and anaerobic spores was low, viz. 10(1) to 10(2) g-1 and did not increase at 10 degrees C. An irradiation treatment of 100 krad reduced the Total Viable Count and the Enterobacteriaceae with 3-4 decimals, by which the shelf life increased with about 100% and almost all the Enterobacteriaceae were eliminated, so that the hygienic quality was improved. In prepacked endive nearly half of the Total Vitamin C content was lost within two days. The retention was strongly affected by the presence or absence of perforations; the effect of an irradiation treatment was slight. PMID- 707935 TI - [Intermediate moisture foods: polysaccharide and protein gels]. AB - The aim of this study was to prepare concentrated foods (20-40 p. 100 water), edible as such, chemically and microbiologically stable, nutritionally balanced, and which could be used as meal substitutes (travel, camping, snacks, etc.). With high methoxyl pectins, it was possible to obtain a pectic gel (pH 3,5), similar to a fruit jelly, but containing 20 p. 100 d.w. protein, and less sucrose. Water activity (Aw) was 0,75-0,78, for a 25 p. 100 water content, as a result of adding glucose syrup and sorbitol. After 4 months storage at 20 or 38 degrees C in aluminium pouches, no mold growth was detected (even following prior inoculation) nor practically any change in flavor, texture of Aw. With low methoxyl pectins, gel foods richer in water (35 p. 100), softer, less acid (pH 4,3) and containing even less sugars have been prepared (26 p. 100 d.w. protein, 35 p. 100 carbohydrates, 15 p. 100 lipids). Aw was lowered to 0,84 by adding humectants (sucrose, glycerol, sorbitol, citric acid, sodium citrate and chloride). Starch gels (40 p. 100 starch/d.w.), of pH less than 4,5, containing proteins and lipids, were flavored with vegetale powders. For 30 p. 100 water and with humectants, Aw was 0,84-0,88. The texture changes more or less favorably with time according to the nature of the starch used. Using the technology of processed cheeses, protein gels were made with either of the following characteristics: 1. A reduced Aw (0,86, for 38 p. 100 water) by adding humectants, but with a soft texture similar to that of a processed swiss cheese; 2. The same reduced Aw, with a starch content of 26 p. 100/d.w., and a harder texture, comparable to that of Emmenthal cheese. PMID- 707936 TI - [Emulsified intermediate moisture foods]. AB - A water-in-oil emulsion with IMF behavior has been studied within DGRST Grant Nr. 75-7-0406. The dispersion of a sirupy aqueous phase of known aw into a more or less hardened fatty continuous phase was looked into through its effects, particularly how the fatty phase would modify the water behaviour of the dispersed aqueous phase. The emulsion was conventionally prepared by a preemulsion of the syrup into the lecithinated fat, an homogeneisation till enough dispersion and a centrifugation to get rid of free fat. Lecithin has to promote sufficient fat incorporation, correct dispersion and a final viscosity allowing pumpability. To get a cold centrifugate of enough consistency implies an efficient dispersion but before all a judicious choice of the continuous fatty phase, making allowance of organoleptic properties and shelf-life stability. The water behaviour has been worked at on two model systems, of initial phase volume phi = 0,36, with an internal phase made of partially inverted sucrose syrup (aw = 0,79) and an external fatty phase of either refined soybean oil or hydrogenated palm oil (m.p. 42 degrees C). These models respectively retained after centrifugation 12,5 p. 100 oil and 19,5 p. 100 fat; sorption-desorption isotherms were determined by the saturated salt solution method both at 37 degrees C and room temperature, exhibiting that the solid fat content of the continuous fatty phase positively reduces the water transfer velocity from-and-into the syrup. Such a W/O emulsified structure with a prevalent internal aqueous behaves like a pasty IMF, inherently protected against outside relative humidity variations; it also leads the system to a better consistency. PMID- 707938 TI - [Glucose syrups from corn]. PMID- 707937 TI - [Intermediate moisture foods and water activity determination]. AB - In order to define the concept of Intermediate Moisture Foods (IMF) some ideas concerning the water bonding state in foods are reminded: water molecules properties, polar groups of hydrophilic macromolecules, activity of water (aw); sorption and desorption isothermal curves. Between dried products (solids with friable and breakable texture) anv very hydrated products (meat or fresh fruits for example), the IMF are characterized by their high aw (from 0.65 to 0.90) and their generally soft texture. Some typical examples of traditional and new IMF are then given. The IMF alterations are induced by chemical (oxydation) or biochemical (enzyme), biological (micro-organisms) or biophysical (water migration) causes, each of them being controlled by aw, temperature, pH, and other parameters. IMF technology consists generally to formulate products, the aw of which are less than 0.9, with aw depressors. Precise measurements of aw are then one of the most important mean for controlling fabrication, the direct computation being generally impossible. A manometric reference method for determination of aw is described; it consists to measure directly the equilibrium water vapor pressure. This method is preferable to a dew point determination. Some practical methods are reported, in connection with their accuracy and facilities of use. PMID- 707939 TI - [Coordination of industrial research of foodstuffs in the countries of the EEC and in other European countries associated with the EEC within the framework of COST]. PMID- 707940 TI - The plastein reaction: theoretical basis. PMID- 707941 TI - [Technology of food products and the food of tomorrow]. PMID- 707942 TI - [Menkes' disease (new skin and hair ultrastructural abnormalities) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the sixth case of Menkes' kinky hair disease. This boy has been observed for as long as 16 months, and he his still alive at the time of publication. This genetic, X linked disorder of copper metabolism is always fatal in childhood. Diagnosis is evoked when is noted the conjunction of progressive cerebral degeneration, seizures, with pili torti and monilethrix. It can be asserted with the very low copper and cerulo-plasmin blood levels. Recognition of the disease in utero might be possible. New findings in skin' electron microscopy and hair' scanning electron microscopy are reported here. And two RX scanner of the brain have been performed. PMID- 707943 TI - [Comparative analytical study of the effects of psoralens in vitiligo (findings in 70 patients) (author's transl)]. AB - 70 patients with vitiligo were divided into two groups. --one group of 40 patients: treated with trioxsalen and sun rays; --one group of 30 patients: treated with methoxsalen and sun rays. Both the first and the second drug stopped the extension almost similarity (87.5 p. 100 positive results for the first group and 86.6 p. 100 for the second one). For the first group the action on the repigmentation was more important but the latent period was longer. Neither group showed side effects worth mentioning. The factors that influence favourably vitiligo and improve the evolution are: --the situation on uncovered parts of the body; --the length of treatment; --the promptness of institution of treatment; - the necessity of a maintenance treatment; --the appearance of erythema which is necessary for repigmentation. PMID- 707944 TI - [Recurring unilateral hyperkeratosis of the areola of the nipples in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 707945 TI - [Centro-facial granuloma and immune deficiency]. PMID- 707946 TI - [Report of a case of cutaneous manifestations of cold agglutinin disease]. PMID- 707947 TI - [Contact dermatitis caused by dandelion, laurel oil and frullania by cross allergy]. PMID- 707948 TI - [Note on photochemotherapy of psoriasis]. PMID- 707949 TI - [Surgical treatment for excessive sweating of the upper extremities]. PMID- 707950 TI - [Effects of aspirin on the exocrine pancreatic and biliary secretions in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 707951 TI - [Influence of vehicules on enteral absorption of bepridil a new anti-anginal compound, cardiovascular responses after gastric or duodenal administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 707952 TI - [Pharmaceutical investigations on acetyl salicylic acid. Study of "in vito" dissolution of commercial forms. Application of the results obtained to analogue computer simulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 707954 TI - [Tablets formulation from standardized citroflavenoids and study of presentation (author's transl)]. PMID- 707953 TI - [Pharmacokinetic profil of ketoprofen (author's transl)]. PMID- 707955 TI - [Preparation of N-monoalkyl thiobenzamides by the Willgerodt-Kindler reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 707956 TI - [Comparative pharmacological study of local anesthetic activity of norpinanique and norpinenique synthetic derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 707958 TI - Penicillin mycelium residue feeding in white Leghorn chicks. PMID- 707957 TI - Changes in hydromineral metabolism in diarrhoeic rabbits. 1. A study of the changes in water metabolism. PMID- 707960 TI - The effects of time and temperature of storage on the infectivity of third-stage larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (= Nematospiroides dubius). 1. Effects on the development to the adult stage in mice. AB - The relationship between storage time and temperature on the infectivity of the third-stage larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (= Nematospiroides dubius) was examined. Results showed that third-stage larvae lose their infectivity when they aged. This loss was steeper at 22 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Results obtained at 15 degrees C seemed to be intermediate. Data also demonstrated that a maturation period was required for maximum infectivity. A longer maturation period was observed at + 4 degrees C than at 22 degrees C and the maximum was maintained for longer at 4 degrees C. PMID- 707959 TI - Equine leptospirosis with some clinical observations. AB - In a serologic survey on equine leptospirosis in Egypt, the following incidences of leptospiral serosensitivity were found: 1. Hospitalised horses 65/113 (57.5 %). 2. Hospitalised donkeys 90/125 (72.0 %). 3. Apparently healthy horses 21/72 (29.1 %). Sera of these animals were mostly reacting to serotypes butembo, pomona, icterohemorragiae, and grippotyphosa. Equine in Egypt are close animals to humans and may constitute a potential source of leptospiral infection. From the clinical point of view, it is very possible that ocular, hoof lesions and icterus in equines would be expected with leptospiral titres. PMID- 707961 TI - The effects of time and temperature of storage on the infectivity of third-stage larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (= Nematospiroides dubius). 2. Studies on the fecundity of female worms as a function of the infectivity of the third-stage larvae. AB - In this study we examined the effect of infectivity of third-stage larvae on the fecundity of H. polygyrus female worms. Groups of 10 mice were infected with third-stage larvae which had been stored for different lengths of time at 22 degrees C. Results showed that the number of eggs laid by one female worm increased when the worm burden was smaller and decreased with a greater worm burden. Also, the egg-output of female worms growing in a similar population varied according to the level of infectivity of the larvae, with a low infectivity resulting in greater fecundity and vice versa. These results may explain the variations in egg-output which are recorded at different times of the year from the parasites of grazing animals. If this phenomenon is confirmed in other species of parasites, it will be important for epidemiological studies. PMID- 707962 TI - [Toxicity of ochratoxin A. 3. Effects during the initial stages of pregnancy in the rat]. AB - Ochratoxin A administered by gastric tubing to pregnant rats at day 2 after mating increases the number of resorbtion sites. A high level of mycotoxin was found in the plasma of females and in the embryos (up to 5.6 p. cent of the total administered doses). At sacrifice time (day 10 after mating) no morphological defect was observed in the embryos. PMID- 707964 TI - Application of macroscopic autoradiography to large animals in veterinary pharmacokinetics: the distribution of sodium selenite labelled with 75Se in the pig. AB - Macroscopic autoradiography has been applied to large animals, such as pigs. It consists in carrying out slides of different organs in well definite conditions (slide thickness, exposure rate...). Then, it is possible to compare all results with optical densitometry techniques. We have applied it to the metabolic study of sodium selenite labelled with 75Se in pigs. Autoradiography and quantification of organs as a function of time showed that for activities below 10(5) counts per minute and per gram, we get similar results. So, it is possible to use Ullberg's technique with large animals. This is very interesting in veterinary drug metabolism studies where we must determine acceptable residual levels for human consumers. PMID- 707963 TI - The effect of acetylpromazine medication on red blood cell metabolism in the horse. PMID- 707965 TI - Prognosis of diarrhoea in the newborn calf: statistical analysis of blood biochemical data. AB - Blood samples were taken from 55 diarrhoeic calves (neo-natal diarrhoea) at the time of the first therapeutic intervention. Eleven blood parameters were measured in these samples. The whole group of measurements were analysed by their principal components (tables 3 and 4). The results are expressed in visual form by Figures 1 and 2. The first principal axis corresponds to the acid-base balance while the second axis can be considered as corresponding to the catabolism. The discriminant analysis (table 5) shows that the parameter having the best prognosis value is the blood urea concentration. By adding two other easily measured parameters (the haematocrit and the blood chloride concentration) the probability of classifying correctly the calves into one or other of the groups dead or surviving is approximately 80%. PMID- 707966 TI - Semi-automated determination of hormonal iodine without incineration. AB - A sensitive semi automated technique for the determination of hormonal iodine is described. The thyroid hormones are isolated by means of a cation exchange resin (Dowex 50 Wx2). The iodine atoms are liberated from the organic molecules with bromine, without prior incineration or destruction (moidified Pileggi's method). Then, mineral iodine is measured colorimetrically with a Technicon autoanalyzer. This technique seems particularly adapted to a programme of standardisation because of its sensitivity and reproductibility. It is well adapted to the determination of circulating hormonal iodine of the ruminants, in which the concentration is lower than in man. PMID- 707967 TI - [Effect of the frequency of distribution of a protein supplement combined with a protein-free or low-protein diet on rat development. Nutritional effectiveness, body composition, liver nucleic acid and protein content, free plasma amino acids]. AB - Irregular quantity and quality of food consumption is a common nutritional pattern in Marocco. Periods of liberal food supply due to a good harvest and festivals alternate with periods of more or less severe food shortage, resulting in a poor response to a high quality proteic diet taken from time to time. The object of this work was to study the effect of an irregular feeding sequence on the efficiency of food and the growth of the organism. Experiments on rats cannot be directly transposed to man, but are suggestive of the adverse effects of such a treatment. Discontinuity of protein intake leads to a decrease of its value as a complement for a poor basic diet, and this is more marked with the poorer diets and the longer intervals of complementation. Protein and energy retention decrease with the frequency of distribution of the protein supplement. Liver DNA increases when the supplementation is given with longer intervals; on the contrary the liver RNA decreases. The ratio RNA/DNA and proteins/DNA decreases still more. Blood amino-acids content depends on the composition of the diet and on the hormonal status of the organism. PMID- 707968 TI - Erythrohepatic protoporphyria (EHP) in South Africa. PMID- 707969 TI - Protoporphyrin (proto)-determined hepatopathy in a South African Jewish family. AB - A detailed study of a Jewish erythrohepatic protoporphyria (EHP)-affected family with a sibship consisting of 2 brothers and a sister, all of whom manifested protodetermined hepatopathy which varied from relatively mild hepatic involvement in the sister to a fulminant fatal illness in the eldest brother. The nature and course of his illness as well as the autopsy findings are described in detail. This sibship is also unique in that the 2 brothers and biochemical evidence of a severe degree of G6PD deficiency, while the sister was shown to be a carrier. PMID- 707970 TI - Psychomotor skills in depressed out-patients treated with L-tryptophan, doxepin, or chlorimipramine. AB - Psychomotor skills were measured in depressed out-patients during three-week double-blind treatment with 1-tryptophan (16 patients; 0.5--1.0 g t.i.d.), doxepin (13 patients; 25--50 mg t.i.d.), or chlorimipramine (13 patients; 25--50 mg t.i.d). The effect of depression on psychomotor skills was evaluated by comparing the results from the pre-drug scores (29 patients) with the respective performances of a matched reference group (20 healthy volunteers). Coordination, reactive skills and attention were impaired in depressed patients. The reaction times roughly correlated with the severity of depression, assessed both subjectively and objectively. During treatment with doxepin or chlorimipramine, but not with 1-tryptophan, the choice reaction times were shortened. The change in reaction times correlated with the amelioration of depression. When compared with the other treatment groups, doxepin impaired coordination, attention and flicker fusion discrimination. It is suggested that depressed out-patients with marked symptoms should be warned about driving. Treatment with doxepin is a contraindication to driving during the first two weeks or up to the time when amelioration of symptoms is recorded. PMID- 707971 TI - Loss of apical left ventricular contraction after closed mitral valve surgery. AB - 28 patients with advanced mitral valve restenosis were studied by cardiac catherization on an average of 7.2 years after previous closed mitral valvotomy, performed using the Tubbs dilator technique. Loss of left ventricular apical contraction was noted in 17 of 31 left ventricular cineangiograms. In the other regions, only 2 cases of local anterior wall akinesia and 1 of posterobasal akinesia was observed. The extent of akinesia was rather small: from 4 to 21%, a mean of 10.1% of the left ventricular circumference. Though ejection fractions remained 21% smaller in those with regional left ventricular dysfunction than in those with normal contraction (p less than 0.005), no other clinical haemodynamic consequences were found. The mechanical trauma caused by insertion of the dilator seems to result frequently in focal contraction abnormalities of the left ventricle, but these are of minor degree. PMID- 707972 TI - Cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. AB - Technetium-99-m-diethyl-IDA (Solco HIDA) cholescintigraphy was performed on 50 patients with suspected acute cholecysitis. The final diagnosis was acute cholecytitis in 34 cases, other biliary tract disease in 5 cases and nonbiliary disease in 11 cases. A nonfilling gallbladder was regarded as indicative of acute cholecystitis. The sensitivity in detecting acute cholecystitis was about 90%, the specificity about 80%; the predictive value of a positive test was about 90% and that of a negative test about 80%. The false positives consisted of two cases of acute pancreatitis with normal gallbladders and one case of coincidental chronic gallbladder disease and duodenal ulcer. The false negatives were examined after one week's treatment. A severe common bile duct obstruction could be detected in cholescintigraphy, but a slight obstruction was not always distinguishable from conditions in which the bile flow was normal. PMID- 707973 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations in women treated with low dose combination type oral contraceptives and in women using a d-norgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. AB - Plasma prolactin was measured in fourteen fertile women during a control cycle and during treatment with two different types of contraception. Ten of the women received a low dose combination type oral contraceptive, while the other four had a d-norgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (d-Ng-IUD) insereted. Plasma samples were corrected in the follicular and luteal phases during the control cycle and the treatment cycles in the d-Ng-IUD-group. In the oral contraceptive group, the samples were collected before treatment, three weeks, and again three months after the beginning of treatment. The results in the different grolups and the different phases of the cycles were compared, but no significant differences were found. PMID- 707974 TI - Equal standards for therapeutic trials of all therapies. PMID- 707975 TI - Thyroid screening with triiodothyronine assay. AB - The relative independence of serum T-3 from changes in thyroid binding protein levels makes it a more effective screening test for hyper- and hypothyroidism than the T-4 assay alone. In fact, its efficiency is comparable to that of the free T-4 index. PMID- 707976 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis biotype 4: epidemiological conclusions from five different typing methods. AB - There is presently no accepted method for marking individual strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Consequently, five parameters for distinguishing such strains were examined and compared for their epidemiological efficacy: biotyping, serotyping, proteinase grouping, aminopeptidase profiles and antibiograms. Both biotyping and proteinase grouping were of limited use in identifying a particular strain, although they were helpful in initially categorizing such strains. Antibiograms were least useful because of similarities in susceptibility patterns among isolates. Serotyping and amino-peptidase profiles provided the best means of identifying an individual strain for epidemiological use. The applicability of these typing methods was demonstrated during a one year epidemiological study at a chronic disease hospital. PMID- 707977 TI - Nickel-induced erythrocytosis: efficacies of nickel compounds and susceptibilities of rat strains. PMID- 707978 TI - Total red cell volume in healthy young males. AB - Regression equations of total red cell volume on body weight, body surface area, lean body mass, etc., are provided for a series of 79 normal male volunteer subjects. The regression of total red cell volume on a combination of height and weight provided the smallest standard error of the estimate and the largest correlation coefficient. The coefficient of variation was 1.6 percent between the first and second red cell volume determination in 31 of these subjects. The popular expression of total red cell volume in ml per kg remains unsatisfactory. It is recommended that a comparison be made between a measured total red cell volume and a predicted normal range derived from a regression using body surface area as the independent variable. A simplified graph is provided which clearly delineates normal from abnormal and should prove adequate for most clinical situations. PMID- 707979 TI - Determination of fibrinogen in plasma. AB - This paper compares two specific, rapid, functional methods for the measurement of fibrinogen. Both methods demonstrate a high degree of reproduceability (thrombin clotting time CV = 3.7 percent, clot density rate CV = 7.6 percent). Measurement of plasmas from 20 patients by both techniques showed excellent correlation between the two methods with a correlation coefficient of 0.93 by least squares method. The initial dilution step in the thrombin clotting time method bypasses interference by small amounts of heparin or other inhibitors in jaundiced samples which may present a problem in the measurement of the rate of density development in the clot density method. PMID- 707980 TI - Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in pseudotumor cerebri. AB - A comprehensive analysis of cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism was carried out in 14 patients with pseudotumor cerebri. Tracer techniques were employed to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and vascular reactivity to acute changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension and blood pressure, cerebral blood volume (CBV), and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen and glucose. There was a small reduction (p less than 0.01) in CBF (44 +/- 7 ml/100 gm/min; normal, 54 +/- 9) with normal vascular reactivity; an increase (p less than 0.005) in CBV (4.8 +/- 0.8 ml/100 gm; normal, 3.6 +/- 0.5), and normal cerebral metabolism. We conclude that an abnormality of the cerebral microvasculature is responsible for an elevation in CBV, but the intracranial hypertension can be explained only by tissue swelling due to an increase in water content. The relationship between the vascular abnormality and the tissue swelling remains to be defined. PMID- 707981 TI - Paroxysmal beta activity in the pediatric electroencephalogram. AB - A total of 5,401 electroencephalograms performed in the Seizure Unit at Children's Hospital Medical Center over a 12-month period were analyzed for the presence of paroxysmal beta activity. Nine examples were found in patients under the age of 10 years, each of whom had a clinical seizure disorder. Seven patients showed abnormalities such as tumor, cerebral dysgenesis, or hydrocephalus on CAT scans or skull roentgenograms. Paroxysmal beta activity should be considered a manifestation of a seizure disorder. Furthermore, the finding of paroxysmal beta activity on an electroencephalogram in the young child should lead to further evaluation for a possible structural lesion. PMID- 707982 TI - Duchenne dystrophy: focal alterations in the distribution of concanavalin A binding sites at the muscle cell surface. AB - In 6 patients with Duchenne dystrophy, electron microscopical studies of concanavalin A (Con A) binding sites using the peroxidase labeling technique revealed a population of muscle fibers in which the reaction at the cell surface was irregular and patchy in areas larger than 0.5 mu. In 5 control subjects, such focal alterations were not observed and the reaction appeared continuous and regular. The findings indicate focal abnormalities at the muscle cell surface of Con A receptors in Duchenne dystrophy. PMID- 707983 TI - Peripheral nerve conduction in patients with a cervical rib and band. AB - In 14 patients with wasting of the hand due to a cervical rib and band, motor and sensory conduction studies on the peripheral parts of the median and ulnar nerves were helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis. The median nerve findings excluded carpal tunnel syndrome even when the clinical pattern of wasting in the hand suggested this diagnosis. Preservation of conduction velocity in the ulnar nerve excluded ulnar entrapment at the elbow; the reduced amplitude of the ulnar sensory action potentials (SAPs) indicated that the lesion was distal to the dorsal root ganglia. In 3 patients with ulnar SAP amplitudes that were low but not clearly abnormal, the level of the lesion was confirmed by a reduced response to intradermal injection of histamine on the inner side of the forearm. PMID- 707984 TI - Neurological manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler Weber disease): report of 2 cases and review of the literature. AB - Two cases of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) with neurological involvement are presented. One patient had multiple vascular malformations including telangiectasias of the brain, medulla, and spinal cord and a berry aneurysm of the internal carotid artery; she also had a large cerebellar abscess, presumably reflecting the presence of a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. The second patient had an idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhage. In more than 200 reported patients with HHT involving the nervous system, 61% had lesions seondary to a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (cerebral hypoxemia, paradoxical and septic emboli, and brain abscess). The findings emphasize the need for early surgical correction of such fistulas. In 36% of the patients with neurological involvement and HHT, vascular malformations of the brain and spinal cord were documented, and in 3%, portal-systemic encephalopathy was noted. Multiple lesions were frequent. HHT should be considered a generalized vascular dysplasia (universal or systemic angiomatosis), and not simply a benign mucocutaneous disease. PMID- 707985 TI - Vertical oculomotor apraxia and memory loss. AB - A case of vertical oculomotor apraxia with severe memory loss and hypokinetic inertia is described in a 34-year-old woman who was taking oral contraceptives. The eye movement disorder was limited to paralysis of voluntary vertical saccades; pursuit movements, reflex eye movement, and horizontal saccades were normal. Random involuntary vertical saccades documented by electronystagmography qualified this as a true apraxia. Similar cases from the literature have in common involvement of both medial thalami, a localization supported in this case by distinctive abnormalities on CAT scan. The clinical course suggested acute infarction, possibly due to embolism, in a territory supplied by the thalamosubthalamic paramedian arteries. PMID- 707986 TI - Chronic subdural hematoma simulating transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 707987 TI - Greater reliability of tear versus saliva anticonvulsant levels. PMID- 707988 TI - Successful treatment of primary reading epilepsy with clonazepam. PMID- 707989 TI - Segregation of HLA type in multiple sclerosis families. PMID- 707990 TI - Paresis after aortography. PMID- 707991 TI - Site of lesion in Fisher syndrome. PMID- 707992 TI - Hemifacial spasm and the facial nucleus. AB - Spontaneous and associated hyperkinetic facial movements and contracture which follow injury to the seventh cranial nerve (postparalytic hemifacial spasm) or arise without known previous injury (cryptogenic hemifacial spasm) are pathological motor phenomena not found in the distribution of other cranial or somatic motor nerves. The commonly expressed hypotheses of pathogenesis--aberrant regeneration and fiber excitation by false synapse formation (ephapses) at the site of injury--cannot account for all aspects of these phenomena or for the uniqueness of such movements to the distribution of the seventh nerve. The suggestion is made that the existing diversity of facial motor behavior, which encompasses voluntary, emotional, and especially automatic, associated, and reflexive movements, is based on a unique central organization that sets it apart from other motor groups. I hypothesize that because of this organization, the changes following axonal injury--which include selective deafferentation, glial response, axonal sprouting, functional reconnection, and hyperexcitability from dendritic spike generation--can unmask and augment automatic, associated, and reflexive movements already present in the facial neuronal network to result in facial hyperkinesia. PMID- 707993 TI - [A new instrument for the automatic recording of oculomotor activity in young children]. PMID- 707994 TI - [Neuropsychological analysis of prefrontal lesions in man]. PMID- 707995 TI - [Acitivity of the oxidoreductases of Actinomyces levoris strain No. 28 cultured on a medium with varying redox potential values]. AB - When the levorin-producing organism Actinomyces levoris, strain 28 was cultivated on fermentation media under conditions of decreased oxidative-reduction values, a significant decrease in the processes of the culture multiplication and antibiotic production was observed. It was shown that the marked decrease in the catalase activity accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the dehydrogenase activity was one of the causes of the decrease in the processes of the culture multiplication and levorin synthesis. Addition of potassium chloride (0.2 per cent) stimulated the catalase activity and promoted the biomass increase and to some extent the antibiotic production. PMID- 707996 TI - [Use of the "Steritest" apparatus for testing the sterility of antibiotic preparations]. AB - The efficiency of determining microbial contamination of artificially infected preparations of 8 antibiotics in ampoules and bottles and erythromycin eye ointment with the use of apparatus "Steritest" and "Millipore" was compared. It was found that "Steritest" had a number of advantages as compared to "Millipore" because of elimination of operations for preparing the apparatus for the assay, which prevented contamination of the apparatus with microorganisms from the environment. The time required for the assay with the use of "Steritest" was 2 times shorter and the amount of the tioglycol medium was 2 times lower. PMID- 707997 TI - [Drop method of determining micrococcal and staphylococcal sensitivity to egg lysozyme]. AB - Two methods for determination of staphylococcal and micrococcal sensitivity to lysozyme, i.e. the method of serial dilutions in agar and the drop method developed by the authors were compared. The drop method is a modification of the procedure described by Kloos et al. Close correlation between these two methods (r = 0.97 +/- 0.018) was found. The regression curve providing determination of the lysozyme MIC with the drop method was plotted. The drop method is more simple and economical as compared to the method of serial dilutions in agar. It has an advantage in testing sensitivity of single strains. PMID- 707998 TI - [Sensitivity of bacteria of the genus Proteus to antibiotics and their combinations]. AB - Sensitivity of 99 Proteus strains isolated from infants with gastro-intestinal diseases was studied by the method of serial dilutions on the Ploskirev's medium with respect to 19 antibiotics and some of their pair combinations. High resistance levels were registered with respect to penicillin and semi-synthetic penicillins, such as oxacillin, methicillin, ampicillin, as well as oleandomycin, erythromycin, lincomycin and oxytetracycline. The minimum inhibitory concentration for most of the strains was at least 128 gamma/ml. The Proteus strains were more sensitive to aminoglycosides, such as monomycin, neomycin and kanamycin, as well as carbenicillin, cephalosporine, streptomycin, levomycetin, chlortetracycline and novobiocin. Rifampicin, gentamycin and ampicillin combinations with gentamycin had a pronounced antimicrobial effect on Proteus. PMID- 707999 TI - [Detection of plasmids in actinomycetes that produce oxytetracycline and neomycin]. AB - Crude preparations of DNA isolated from Act. rimosus 907, an oxytetracycline producing organism and Act. fradiae 676, a neomycin-producing organism were analyzed with electrophoresis in agarose gel followed by electron microscopic analysis of DNA isolated from the gel. It was found that Act. rimosus and Act. fradiae contained ring molecules of DNA with the molecular masses of 37 . 10(6) and 59 . 10(6) dalton respectively. PMID- 708000 TI - [Pharmacological properties of water-soluble levorin]. AB - The results of the study of the pharmacological properties of the preparation of 5 per cent levorin solution in 40 per cent sodium salicylate solution are presented. The toxicity of levorin contained in the preparation was studied in the acute experiment on its intraperitoneal administration to mice. It did not differ from that of sodium levorin. In concentration of 5000 units/ml with respect to levorin the preparation did not change the motion speed of the ciliated epithelium cilia of the frog esophagus when used in the form of aerosol. Innocuousness of the preparation used repeatedly for inhalation in the form of aerosol was studied. The preparation was innocuous in the doses 12 and 24 times higher than the therapeutic ones. When applied locally on the skin and the eye conjunctiva for 16-20 days the preparation in the respective pharmaceutical forms was innocuous. Absorption and distribution of the water-soluble levorin in mice treated with the drug intraperitoneally or inhalationally was studied. It was found that levorin contained in the preparation circulated in the blood in bacteriostatic concentrations after its intraperitoneal administration for 8 hours. When used as inhalation in the form of aerosol levorin was detected in the lungs and urine and circulated in concentrations exceeding the bacteriostatic ones for 12 hours. PMID- 708001 TI - [Antibiotic therapy of experimental intrauterine staphylococcal infection]. AB - The experiments on gravid rats showed that generalized staphylococcal infection in the female rats resulted in intrauterine infecting of the fetus and had a negative effect on its antenatal development: increased embryonal death rate, decreased weight gain, etc. In case of staphylococcal septicemia the amniotic waters were a peculiar reservoir of the causative agent where it accumulated in larger amounts than in the fetus tissues. Efficiency of oxacillin in daily doses of 144 and 72 mg was shown in treatment of the rat intrauterine infection. High sensitivity of the infected embryons to higher doses of the drug was found. PMID- 708002 TI - [Effect of proteolytic enzymes on kanamycin pharmacokinetics in experimental suppurative infection]. AB - The effect of the proteolytic enzyme trypsin on kanamycin pharmacokinetics in rats with experimental purulent infection was studied. An increase in the kanamycin serum levels after administration of the drugs in combination was observed as compared to the control. In a dose of 0.03 mg per animal trypsin had no effect on the kanamycin pharmacokinetics in the rats with experimental peritonitis. PMID- 708003 TI - [Characteristics of the polysaccharide-containing somatic antigens isolated from the K-1 strain of the plague microbe and its antibiotic-resistant variants]. AB - Immunochemical analysis of 2 polysaccharide-containing structures of the lypopolysaccharide of the plague causative agent (main somatic antigen and lipopolysaccharide) isolated from K-1 strain and a number of its antibiotic resistant mutants was carried out. It was shown that development of resistance to streptomycin alone or its combination with monomycin did not cause detectable changes in the monosaccharide composition and serological properties of the cultures tested. More significant changes associated with development of complex resistance, i.e. K-1 (Strr leads to Penr leads to Tetr) were accompanied by a decrease in the content of hexozamine and serological activity of the main somatic antigen determining the O-specificity of the lipopolysaccharide. Defective changes in the monosaccharide composition and serological properties of both the main somatic antigen and the polysaccharide were observed in the yellow variant of the streptomycin resistant mutant K-1. PMID- 708004 TI - [Comparative pathomorphological study of the experimental action of carminomycin and rubomycin on the heart]. AB - Comparative histological investigation of the toxic effect of carminomycin and rubomycin on the myocardium was carried out on mice BDF. It was found that the level of the morphological changes in the heart muscle depended on the antibiotic dose. The cardiotoxic effect of carminomycin was less pronounced than that of rubomycin. PMID- 708005 TI - In vitro studies with UK-18,892, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic. AB - The antibacterial activity of UK-18,892, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, was examined against aminoglycoside-susceptible and aminoglycoside-resistant clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. UK-18,892 had a similar degree of activity to those of amikacin and kanamycin A against aminoglycoside-susceptible bacteria but was less potent than gentamicin against all isolates except Providencia spp. UK-18,892 was highly active against aminoglycoside-resistant bacteria, inhibiting 93% of the 268 isolates examined at 12.5 mug/ml. Amikacin was similarly active, whereas gentamicin inhibited only 14% of these isolates at 12.5 mug/ml. PMID- 708006 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in patients with end stage renal disease and during hemodialysis. AB - A single 1.0-g dose of cefaclor administered to patients with stable end stage renal disease whose creatinine clearances were <5 ml/min produced a mean peak serum concentration of 48.3 +/- 19.8 mug/ml. The half-life was 2.3 +/- 0.3 h. Hemodialysis shortened the half-life of a similar dose to 1.6 +/- 0.3 h. Approximately one-third (340 mg) of the administered drug was recovered in the dialysate. Multiple doses of 500 mg every 6 h between hemodialysis sessions produced effective serum concentrations and no bioassay evidence of drug accumulation. PMID- 708007 TI - Recovery from aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity with continued drug administration. AB - To examine the nephrotoxicity of prolonged gentamicin administration compared to the effect obtained when a less toxic aminoglycoside is substituted during the course of treatment, we gave gentamicin (67.5 mg/kg per day) to rats for 21 days, gentamicin for 14 days followed by either netilmicin or tobramycin for 7 days, or gentamicin for 14 days followed by saline diluent. After initial tubular, necrosis, the animals recovered from renal injury whether the drug was continued or discontinued or another drug was substituted. These data are consistent with the observation that regenerating renal epithelium is resistant to continued or additional nephrotoxic insults. These findings suggest that improvement in renal function during aminoglycoside therapy cannot necessarily be attributed to the substitution of another aminoglycoside or other therapeutic interventions. PMID- 708008 TI - Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin in persons with normal and impaired renal functions. AB - The pharmacokinetics of azlocillin, a new wide-spectrum antibiotic of the N substituted group of ureidomethyl penicillins, was investigated in 10 subjects with normal and in 32 subjects with impaired renal functions. After intravenous injection of 2 g of azlocillin, serum concentrations of drug were measured microbiologically. The half-lives of azlocillin were 47 +/- 8.8 min in patients with normal renal function, and 293.3 min in patients with severely impaired renal function. The correlation of half-life to renal functions is shown by the equation: t/2 = 425.03.Cl(In) (-0.4509), where Cl(In) is inulin clearance. The volume of distribution of the azlocillin was 17.7% of the body weight. Protein binding was similar in patients with normal renal function and in those with severely impaired renal functions. The urinary excretion rate of azlocillin in patients with normal renal function was 64.8 +/- 8.8% in 24 h. PMID- 708009 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in infants and children. AB - In infants less than 3 months of age, the serum concentration of cefamandole during therapy was higher and more prolonged than that in children older than 1 year. A dosage of 37 mg/kg administered intravenously at 6-h intervals provided a serum concentration in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of common bacterial pathogens for 4 h, and in young infants for 5 h, after dosing. PMID- 708010 TI - Pharmacology of intraperitoneal cefazolin in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. AB - Cefazolin was added to dialysis fluid in nine patients with renal failure undergoing peritoneal dialysis with 2 liters/h per exchange. With 50 mg/liter (three patients), the first measurable mean serum concentration was 3.7 mug/ml (range, 2.4 to 4.9 mug/ml) after three exchanges and was 30.3 mug/ml (range, 13.3 to 44.3 mug/ml) after 24 exchanges. After 18 to 24 more exchanges without cefazolin, the mean serum concentration was 12.3 mug/ml (range, 3.8 to 24.6 mug/ml). The mean concentration in the dialysis outflow was 26.9 mug/ml (range, 2.5 to 58.5 mug/ml). With 150 mg/liter (six patients), the mean serum concentration was 5.2 mug/ml (range, 3.6 to 7.8 mug/ml) after the first exchange and 8.4 (range, 6.1 to 14.0 mug/ml), 15.0 (range, 8.2 to 23.5 mug/ml), and 71.9 (range, 26.2 to 142.1 mug/ml) mug/ml after the second, third, and twenty-fourth exchanges, respectively. After 17 to 24 more exchanges without cefazolin, the mean serum concentration was 38.2 mug/ml (range, 15.4 to 65.7 mug/ml). The mean concentration in the dialysis outflow was 71.4 mug/ml (range, 21.9 to 150.8 mug/ml). After 1 g of cefazolin was given intraperitoneally with no more dialysis, serum concentrations rose by a mean of 62.5 mug/ml (range, 18.9 to 107.8 mug/ml). The maximum rise occurred within 2 h with two-thirds of the rise occurring within 30 min. During the subsequent 22 h levels dropped to 65.4% of the peak. PMID- 708011 TI - Effects of hypoxemia upon aminoglycoside serum pharmacokinetics in animals. AB - Hypoxemia causes significant alterations in aminoglycoside serum pharmacokinetics in adult rats and newborn rabbits. The aminoglycoside serum clearances were diminished in hypoxemic animals. Comparisons of intravenous and intramuscular administration imply a delay in uptake of drug from intramuscular injection sites under hypoxemic conditions. PMID- 708012 TI - Partial characterization of R-plasmids from Pasteurella multocida isolated from turkeys. AB - Pasteurella multocida, isolated from turkeys during an outbreak of septicemic disease ("fowl cholera"), was found to be resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of DNA from these isolates indicated the presence of extrachromosomal elements. Plasmid DNA was isolated by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density centrifugation. Escherichia coli was transformed to antimicrobic resistance with this DNA. Two plasmids were isolated. One of these plasmids had a buoyant density of 1.7158 g/cm(3) (56.9 mol% guanine plus cytosine) and a molecular weight of 4.4 x 10(6) and conferred resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. The other, having a buoyant density of 1.7198 g/cm(3) (61 mol% guanine plus cytosine) and a molecular weight of 3.44 x 10(6), conferred resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamides. Streptomycin resistance was mediated by streptomycin phosphotransferase. Compatibility group testing indicated that neither plasmid belonged to any of 13 compatibility groups (of conjugal plasmids). Both plasmids were also found to be compatible with three small, nonconjugative resistance plasmids. PMID- 708014 TI - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to ten antimicrobial agents. AB - The susceptibility pattern of 265 anaerobic bacteria from clinical isolates to 10 antimicrobial agents was investigated by the agar dilution technique. Penicillin G, in a concentration of 16 mug/ml, was active against most organisms, important exceptions being 12% of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and 24% of B. fragilis strains. The susceptibility of strains to ampicillin was similar to their susceptibility to penicillin G. Carbenicillin, at 16 mug of imidazole per ml may have therapeutic implications. PMID- 708013 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility and selection of resistance among Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates recovered from patients with infections of indwelling foreign devices. AB - Twenty-seven isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis or infected cerebrospinal fluid shunts were examined for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Subpopulations resistant to 20 and 100 mug of methicillin per ml were present in 63% of the isolates (methicillin resistant isolates). Subpopulations resistant to 20 mug of nafcillin and cephalothin per ml were found in every methicillin-resistant isolate but with frequencies (10(-5.0 +/- 0.5) and 10(-6.4 +/- 0.9), respectively) which were not always detectable by susceptibility testing. Resistance to >/=1.6 mug of penicillin per ml was found in 80% of isolates. Cephalothin, cefazolin, and cefamandole were more active than cefoxitin or cephradine, and gentamicin was more active than tobramycin or amikacin; rifampin was the single most active agent against all isolates. There was no difference in susceptibility between prosthetic valve endocarditis and cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection isolates. Among methicillin-resistant isolates, the phenotypic expression of resistance to methicillin or nafcillin but not to cephalothin could be enhanced by 48 h of incubation with each drug. Isolates containing no methicillin-resistant subpopulations were killed by incubation with methicillin, nafcillin, or cephalothin. High-level resistance to rifampin emerged in both methicillin resistant and methicillin-sensitive isolates after 8 to 24 h of incubation with this drug. The presence or absence of antibiotic-resistant subpopulations among S. epidermidis isolates and their selection during treatment should be considered when therapy is devised. PMID- 708015 TI - Inactivation of metronidazole by anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. AB - The rate of inactivation of metronidazole in vitro was determined during the course of time-kill curves against anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in the stationary phase of growth. Metronidazole at a concentration of 10 mug/ml, as measured by bioassay, was rapidly inactivated in broth culture by susceptible anaerobic bacteria (minimum bactericidal concentration 1,500 mug/ml). Three of four aerobic bacteria also inactivated metronidazole, although at generally slower rates than the anaerobes, but this was not associated with a bactericidal effect against these organisms. The presence of aerobic bacteria in mixed cultures with Bacteroides fragilis did not, moreover, inhibit the bactericidal activity of metronidazole against the latter organism. However, the possibility still remains that, in vivo, aerobic bacteria capable of inactivating metronidazole could inhibit the action of the drug against anaerobes in mixed infections. PMID- 708016 TI - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and routine susceptibility testing. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim against 144 strains of obligately anaerobic bacteria were determined on Diagnostic Sensitivity Test agar (Oxoid) or in prereduced Diagnostic Sensitivity Test broth, both supplemented with sodium pyruvate (1 mg/ml), hemin (5 mug/ml), and vitamin K(1) (1 mug/ml). Fifty-eight percent of the strains were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole alone (MIC 70 ml/min was 2.7 h, for those with Ccr > 25 < 70 ml/min it was 10 h, for those with Ccr > 4 < 25 ml/min it was 32 h, and for those who were anephric it was 42 h. Ccr was correlated positively with the elimination constant and the drug's serum clearance. It was negatively correlated with the drug's volume of distribution. The dialyzer clearance of netilmicin was positively correlated with plasma flow rate and was similar to values previously reported for gentamicin. Netilmicin behaves in a fashion similar to other aminoglycosides. Therapeutic guidelines are suggested. PMID- 708019 TI - In vitro activity of thienamycin. AB - The in vitro activity of thienamycin was tested against 135 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The compound was highly active against resistant gram-negative bacilli and penicillin-resistant Straphylococcus aureus. The antianaerobic spectrum of the drug seemed to be comparable to that of metronidazole. PMID- 708020 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of chloramphenicol in serum. AB - A new method for the analysis of serum chloramphenicol by reversed-phase, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. The method involves a preliminary extraction of 0.1 ml of serum with ethyl acetate containing an internal standard, chromatography with a reversed-phase C18 microparticulate column with an acetonitrile-acetate buffer mobile phase, and detection by measuring UV absorbance at 270 nm. Assay performance was compared with an existing microbiological assay. The HPLC method demonstrated both increased precision and increased sensitivity. The specificity of the HPLC method was also evaluated. The new method presents an alternative approach to the analysis of clinical specimens. PMID- 708021 TI - Flavobacterium meningosepticum meningitis: report of selected aspects. AB - Two patients developed meningitis due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Because of resistance to most available antimicrobial agents, intravenous and intraventricular erythromycin was administered to one patient. Subsequent development of resistance to erythromycin prompted the use of intravenous and intraventricular rifamycin, which eventually resulted in cure. Diagnosis of F. meningosepticum meningitis in the second patient was delayed, and appropriate therapy was not administered until 4 days prior to the patient's death. Of 82 previously published cases, only 4 occurred in adults. Therapy of meningitis due to this organism has been a difficult problem, and we suggest possible modes of therapy, based on our experience and a review of the literature. PMID- 708022 TI - Pharmacological evaluation of cefaclor in volunteers. AB - The plasma and urine concentrations of cefaclor were measured after oral administration of single and multiple doses to volunteers. Cefaclor was rapidly absorbed, rapidly excreted in the urine, well tolerated without toxicity, and failed to accumulate in the plasma with chronic dosing. PMID- 708023 TI - Nafcillin therapy for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. AB - Semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins are recommended for therapy of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, but evaluation of the efficacy and safety of individual agents has received little attention. At The New York Hospital, 11 heroin addicts and 5 nonaddicts were treated with nafcillin. The 11 addicts did well clinically, but four of the five nonaddicts had severe complications, and three of them died. Important adverse reactions to nafcillin occurred in two patients: one developed leukopenia, and one developed an extensive rash. Methicillin was employed to treat two heroin addicts and four nonaddicts. Five of the six patients were cured bacteriologically, but three patients developed nephritis and one patient developed an extensive rash. Nafcillin appears to be highly efficacious for the treatment of S. aureus endocarditis, yielding results at least equal to those obtained with other drugs. Because adverse reactions appear to occur more frequently with methicillin than with nafcillin, we regard nafcillin as the preferable penicillinase-resistant penicillin for the treatment of S. aureus endocarditis. PMID- 708024 TI - Single-dose doxycycline for cholera. AB - To determine the efficacy of single-dose doxycycline in the treatment of cholera, we carried out a randomized prospective trial in 65 patients. Treatment consisted of either a single dose of 200 mg of doxycycline (or 4 mg/kg in patients less than 15 years old) or multiple doses of doxycycline, 500 mg over 4 days (or 10 mg/kg in patients less than 15 years old). There were no differences between the groups in the volumes of intravenous fluid required, volumes of diarrheal stool, or durations of diarrhea. The mean duration of positive stool cultures for Vibrio cholerae was similar for the two groups, although in both groups several patients continued to excrete Vibrios in the stool for more than 3 days. Blood levels of antibiotic demonstrated that the doxycycline was absorbed in spite of the rapid transit time associated with severe diarrhea. These results suggest that although tetracycline remains the drug of choice for cholera, doxycycline is a reasonable alternative, and that a single dose of 200 mg (4 mg/kg in children) is effective clinically. PMID- 708025 TI - Combined activity of minocycline and amphotericin B in vitro against medically important yeasts. AB - The capacity of minocycline to enhance the activity of amphotericin B against Candida albicans, Torulopsis glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, and non-albicans Candida was examined in vitro utilizing a time-killing curve technique. Synergism was apparent at 4 h with 5 of 5 strains of C. albicans, 8 of 8 strains of C. neoformans, and 1 of 12 strains of non-albicans Candida. Synergism was apparent at 24 h with the remaining 11 strains of non-albicans Candida and all 5 strains of T. glabrata. C. neoformans was the most susceptible of the yeasts to the minocycline-amphotericin B combination; seven strains showed a 3-log or greater reduction in colony count in 4 h and all strains showed this reduction in 24 h at amphotericin B concentrations of 0.4 mug/ml or less in the presence of minocycline. PMID- 708026 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of flavobacteria. AB - Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 28 clinical isolates of Flavobacterium sp. were determined by standard disk diffusion technique and by antimicrobial dilution in agar. Rifampin, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefoxitin, and vancomycin are among the antimicrobial agents which may be clinically useful to treat infections caused by flavobacteria. All 28 isolates were resistant to erythromycin with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 32 mug/ml or more. Currently recommended interpretive zones of inhibition by disk diffusion did not reliably predict antimicrobial susceptibility of the 28 flavobacteria isolates when compared with the agar dilution technique, and, therefore, a more direct measurement of minimal inhibitory or bactericidal concentration is recommended. PMID- 708027 TI - In vitro susceptibility of 30 strains of Chlamydia trachomatis to rosamicin. AB - A total of 13 of 30 clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis were susceptible in vitro to 0.01 mug of rosamicin per ml. Only two of these strains were susceptible to tetracycline or erythromycin at this level. The results suggest that rosamicin may be useful for the treatment of chlamydial urethritis. PMID- 708028 TI - Penetration of clindamycin into decubitus ulcers. AB - Forty tissue samples, primarily of skin and bone, were obtained from 29 patients undergoing excision of decubitus ulcers after intravenous injection of 600 mg of clindamycin. Antibiotic concentrations exceeded 2.5 mug/g in 80% of the samples. In 50% of the instances, tissue levels were greater than those simultaneously present in the serum. PMID- 708029 TI - Production of xanthomegnin and viomellein by isolates of Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium cyclopium, and Penicillium viridicatum. AB - Fungal isolates from legumes were cultured on rice and examined for production of the toxic mold metabolites xanthomegnin and viomellein. Six of 14 Aspergillus ochraceus isolates produced from 0.3 to 1.3 mg of xanthomegnin per g and 0.1 to 1.0 mg of viomellein per g. One of nine isolates of Penicillium cyclopium produced 0.1 mg of xanthomegnin per g and 0.06 mg of viomellein per g. Three of nine P. viridicatum isolates produced from 0.4 to 1.6 mg of xanthomegnin per g and 0.2 to 0.4 mg of viomellein per g. This is the first report of xanthomegnin and viomellein production by A. ochraeus and P. cyclopium. PMID- 708030 TI - Isolation, purification, and antibiotic activity of o-methoxycinnamaldehyde from cinnamon. AB - o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde has been isolated and purified from powdered cinnamon. The compound inhibits the growth and toxin production of mycotoxin-producing fungi. The substance completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus at 100 microgram/ml and A. ochraceus and A. versicolor at 200 microgram/ml. It inhibited the production of aflatoxin B1 by over 90% at 6.25 microgram/ml, ochratoxin A at 25 microgram/ml, and sterigmatocystin at 50 microgram/ml. The substance also displayed a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of five dermatophytoses species, e.g., Microsporum canis (minimum inhibitory concentration, 3.12 to 6.25 microgram/ml). However, no antibacterial effect was observed at concentrations as high as 50 microgram/ml. PMID- 708031 TI - Ochratoxin A: isolation and subsequent purification by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A purification method for ochratoxin A, using liquid-liquid extractions and a final cleanup by high-pressure liquid chromatography, is described. PMID- 708032 TI - Increase of radiation resistance of a soil microflora exposed to long-term gamma irradiation. AB - Soil microflora were exposed to long-term (18 months) gamma irradiation in an open-air facility at three different doses, 15, 150, and 1,500 krads/18 months. The radiation resistance increased at all doses when compared with the radiation resistance of the microflora from soil shielded from the irradiation with a lead wall. PMID- 708033 TI - Purification of the protein crystal from Bacillus thuringiensis by zonal gradient centrifugation. AB - A method is described for the large-scale purification of the Bacillus thuringiensis protein crystal by zonal gradient centrifugation. NaBr gradients are employed in a Beckman J21-B centrifuge equipped with a JCF-Z rotor. PMID- 708034 TI - [Report of Professor Emeritus F. Thomas on a study tour to the USSR taken from 15 September to 1 October 1976 under the terms of a Belgian-Soviet cultural accord]. PMID- 708035 TI - [Meningococcal infections in Belgium. Current status and proposal for a surveillance system. Study group on meningococcal infections charged with vaccination problems]. PMID- 708036 TI - [Results of a survey on congenital malformations in Hainaut]. PMID- 708037 TI - [Comparative study of human and aquatic Salmonella. Serotypes and antibiotic resistance]. PMID- 708038 TI - [Analysis and results of monovinylchloride in foodstuff wrapped in polyvinylchloride]. PMID- 708039 TI - [Housing and accommodation of able-bodied aged]. PMID- 708040 TI - Phosphomannose isomerase. Isomerization of the predicted beta-D-fructose 6 phosphate. PMID- 708041 TI - Characterization of polypeptide neurotoxins from the venom of Bungarus caeruleus. PMID- 708042 TI - Cellular membrane receptors for oncovirus envelope glycoprotein: properties of the binding reaction and influence of different reagents on the substrate and the receptors. PMID- 708043 TI - Isolation and characterization of a transcriptionally active fraction from Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 708044 TI - Deacetylation of N8-acetylspermidine by subcellular fractions of rat tissue. PMID- 708045 TI - Rat plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 binding protein: an inhibitor of the 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase. PMID- 708047 TI - Polypeptide cross-linking in chloroplast membranes. PMID- 708046 TI - Anatomically determined polydispersity of proteoglycans of immature articular cartilage. PMID- 708048 TI - Fluorescence-polarization measurements on normal and mutant human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 708049 TI - Properties of detergent-dispersed myocardial adenylate cyclase. PMID- 708050 TI - Interaction of Cibacron Blue 3G-A and related dyes with nucleotide-requiring enzymes. PMID- 708052 TI - L-3,4-dehydroproline analogs of bradykinin. Synthesis, biological activity, and solution conformation. PMID- 708051 TI - Properties of a monoamine oxidase from rat liver mitochondrial outer membranes. PMID- 708053 TI - Detection and regulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity in the rat brain. PMID- 708054 TI - Inhibition of glycine synthase by branched-chain alpha-keto acids. A possible mechanism for abnormal glycine metabolism in ketotic hyperglycinemia. PMID- 708055 TI - Major oligomeric structural proteins of the HeLa nucleus. PMID- 708056 TI - The interaction of calcium and procaine with hepatocyte and hepatoma tissue culture cell plasma membranes studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. PMID- 708057 TI - Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by dichloroacetate. PMID- 708058 TI - Role of water in protein reactions: binding of azide ion to ferrihemoglobin in water and ethylene glycol mixtures. PMID- 708059 TI - Purification and characterization of Mojave (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) toxin and its subunits. PMID- 708060 TI - Vascular smooth muscle mitochondria: magnesium content and transport. PMID- 708061 TI - Bovine liver monoamine oxidase. A modified purification procedure and preliminary evidence for two subunits and one FAD. PMID- 708062 TI - Evidence for two sites of inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by dibromothymoquinone. PMID- 708063 TI - The importance of transamination and decarboxylation in phenylalanine metabolism in vivo in the rat. PMID- 708064 TI - Extent of polymerization in partially liganded sickle hemoglobin. PMID- 708065 TI - Adenylate cyclase in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: solubilized but active. PMID- 708066 TI - Light-induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in cell-suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Quantitative comparison of rates of synthesis and degradation. PMID- 708067 TI - Chlorophyll-protein complexes from higher plants: a procedure for improved stability and fractionation. PMID- 708068 TI - Maintenance of the monomeric structure of glucokinase under reacting conditions. PMID- 708069 TI - Evidence that pancreatic lipase is responsible for the hydrolysis of cutin, a biopolyester present in mammalian diet, and the role of bile salt and colipase in this hydrolysis. PMID- 708070 TI - Inactivation of Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase by benzenemethane sulfonylfluoride. PMID- 708071 TI - Outer surface potential changes due to energization of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. PMID- 708072 TI - The stimulation of CO2-supported O2 evolution in intact spinach chloroplasts by ammonium ion. PMID- 708073 TI - Aminopeptidases of Physarum polycephalum during growth and differentiation. PMID- 708074 TI - Properties of an adrenal cytochrome P-450 (P-450SCC) for the side chain cleavage of cholesterol. PMID- 708076 TI - Fatty acid and sterol specificity in the biosynthesis of steryl esters by enzyme preparations from spinach leaves. PMID- 708075 TI - Properties of an adrenal cytochrome P-450 (P-45011beta) for the hydroxylations of corticosteroids. PMID- 708077 TI - Omega oxidation of fatty acids and the pathway of 3-hydroxybutyric acid formation. PMID- 708078 TI - The role of adenosine monophosphate nucleosidase in the regulation of adenine nucleotide levels in Azotobacter vinelandii during aerobic-anaerobic transitions. PMID- 708079 TI - N-(3-Pyrene)maleimide: a fluorescent probe of acetylcholine receptor-Triton X-100 aggregates. PMID- 708080 TI - Studies on the regulation of leucine catabolism. II. Mechanism responsible for dichloroacetate stimulation of leucine oxidation by the liver. PMID- 708081 TI - Results of routine tests for the detection of dispersers of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - This article describes the routine for the detection of dispersers in relation to the contamination of the air in operating rooms and postoperative wound infections during 1968 through 1972. Out of 3,039 persons, submitted to a dispersal test, ,22 were dispersers (4%). Staph. aureus was found in scalp hair (21.5%) and beards (15.5%). Persons with skin lesions proved to be the heaviest dispersers. After taking measures to prevent dispersers from attending, we still found 18 dispersers in operating rooms. The number of Staph. aureus showed a sharp increase during their attendance. Dispersal in the air of the operating room by 9 dispersers was the cause of 19 postoperative wound infections. Two workers in the operating room, whose dispersal tests were negative, later caused two wound infections (temporary dispersers?). A continuous checking of operating rooms by sedimentation plates is definitely necessary in combination with dispersal tests. PMID- 708082 TI - Tube-inlay graft for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Technique and results. AB - The usefulness of the tube-inlay graft technique for abdominal aortic aneurysms has been tested in 74 consecutive patients. The operative technique is described. In nearly half of the patients this technique could be used. The other patients received a conventional bifurcation prosthesis. Especially in the patient with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm the tube-inlay-graft technique, because of its simplicity, shorter operating time and less blood loss is to be preferred. Since introduction of the method, the mortality in ruptured cases decreased from 46 to 24 percent. PMID- 708083 TI - Pes anserinus transposition after Slocum and Larson. AB - A description is given of pes anserinus transposition after Slocum and Larson. The anatomy, diagnosis and surgical technique are briefly dealt with. In 1974 and 1975, 27 patients were operated on as described. Follow-up included 25 patients. All had a functional, stable knee, with very marked reduction of complaints. PMID- 708084 TI - Lymphangiectasia of the small intestine as an acute surgical problem. AB - Two cases of lymphangiectasia of the small intestine in elderly women are presented. The condition manifested itself in one case by a sudden perforation of the jejunum; in the other case by ileus of the terminal ileum. In both cases the disease process pursued a relentless course that ultimately led to the death of the patients. Elective surgery in patients with lymphangiectasia has been performed before. Acute surgery of lymphangiectasia of the small intestine with complaints of acute abdomen, obstruction or perforation as presenting signs of the disease has not been described previously. PMID- 708085 TI - [Practical use of the Mohr and Johnson formula for calculation of ideal weight. Preliminary observations on deviations from ideal weight in a group of 1,000 Sicilian adults]. AB - Simplification of the operations required for the calculation of ideal weight in adults in accordance with the formula of Mohr & Johnsen is suggested. Preliminary notes on a group of 500 male and 500 female Sicilians aged 18-24 following determination of the Stromgren metrical index and somatotype, ideal weight, and a variation index of differences between the real weight and the ideal weight are presented. Leptomorphs were clearly predominant, particularly among the males. Assessment of the variation index values for each subject within the different somatotypes was followed by analysis of the frequency distribution of under-, normal, and over-weight subjects. Percent frequency was noticeably asymmetrical, with marked differences between somatotypes and the sexes, though there was a clear ratio between deviation and somatotype features. The overall percent frequencies without reference to somatotype were slightly more symmetrical and lay on a leptokurtic curve. PMID- 708087 TI - [Heterotropic hepatobiliary (and intestinal) elimination of uroiodate contrast medium in patients with Lightwood-Albright nephrocalcinosis]. AB - Incidental hepatobiliary elimination of a urophilous preparation in a subject with nephrocalcinosis is referred to in an examination of the question of heterotopic opacisation. Stress is placed on the link between this phenomenon with coincident renal insufficiency, and on the need for lengthy controls to ensure its demonstration. PMID- 708086 TI - [Experimental toxicological and pharmacodynamic studies of a triple drug association (adrenaline, atropine and papaverine) with anti-bronchospastic activity]. AB - The antibronchospastic value of the triple association adrenaline (1) + atropine (0,3) + papaverine (3) has been documented experimentally. Comparative investigations have been carried out with isoprenaline, metaproterenol, terbutaline and salbutamol. Toxicological and pharmacodynamic studies were done in the cardiovascular system and in vitro on certain muscles. PMID- 708088 TI - [Study of the DNCB skin test in patients with solid neoplasms]. AB - The DNCB skin test was carried out on 47 patients with solid tumours. Fifteen deaths were noted among subject displaying a negative response and in 1/24 positives. A statistically significant relation was found between negativity and several blood chemistry parameters: increased IgG, positive PCR, inversion of the A/G ratio and the fall in peripheral lymphocytes. The method employed for the test is described. PMID- 708089 TI - [Chromosome changes in ascitic effusions of neoplastic origin]. AB - A chromosome study carried out on neoplastic cells from peritoneal effusion in 19 patients is presented. Clonal and sporadic chromosomal anomalies such as aneuploidy, pseudodiploidy, markers and minutes, were observed in all the cases examined. Chromosome analysis, compared with histological study, proved more useful in the diagnosis in two cases. PMID- 708090 TI - [Chromosome changes in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with neoplasms not previously treated]. AB - Changes in lymphocyte karyotype were noted in subjects with various forms of untreated cancer. Normalisation of the karyotype occurred within two months after removal of the tumour in 40% of cases. Since little is known about the genic background of lymphocytes in the presence of untreated neoplasia, it is felt that alteration of the peripheral karyotype can probably be ascribed to meiopragia closely linked to the fall in immunological surveillance, itself of considerable importance in the complicated problem of the origin of tumours. PMID- 708091 TI - [Psychogenic scoliosis]. PMID- 708092 TI - [The rheumatic index. A new electrocardiographic parameter in evaluation of rheumatic activity]. AB - A new index for the diagnosis of rheumatic activity by ECG is presented. By this method the TP/PQ ratio is considered and when lower than 1.10, it is significant for rheumatic activity. The results have been statistically processed by the T (Student) and the U tests, and highly significant. PMID- 708093 TI - [Current trends in drug therapy of cerebral ictus]. AB - The following protocol was used in the management of 25 hospitalised patients with acute cerebrovascular episodes: 4 vials Hydergine per day (slow venous drip) during the entire stay in hospital, with glycerol, diuretics, papaverine, cituridine, etc., during the initial period. Good results were noted in 18 cases (72%), including complete or nearly complete recovery of mobility and marked improvement of the entire clinical picture. A modest result was obtained in 4 cases and a fair result in one. Two subjects died, one from cardiographic shock and the other from supravening deep coma. It is considered that the protocol described is definitely useful in the medical treatment of cerebral ictus. PMID- 708094 TI - [Abstinence syndrome caused by maternal drug addiction. Clinico-pathogenetic considerations in 2 cases]. PMID- 708095 TI - [An unusual case of the coup-de-fouet syndrome. Eutrophic and cicatrizant effect of a preparation with a taurine base]. AB - An unusual case of "pedrada" sindrome is presented. Skin ulcers were observed as late and persistent sequelae on the affected limb. This finding appeared to have no precedent in the literature. New suggestions are made with regard to the cause of the syndrome and excellent results obtained with a taurine preparation are reported. Prophylactic administration of taurine in the management of this syndrome is proposed. PMID- 708096 TI - Neurological abnormalities in patients treated for hypothyroidism from early life. AB - Neurological and psycholocial assessment was carried out on 30 patients aged 2.7 to 21 years (mean 9.4) who were being treated for hypothyroidism starting before the age of 2 years. Their IQ scores lay in the normal range (71--122; mean 92.4) but 77% showed at least one sign of impaired brain function. Clumsiness was found in 33%, behaviour disorders in 23%, speech disorders in 20%, learning disorders in 26%, squint in 53%, nystagmus in 10%, and minor motor disorders in 50%. Many showed several of these features and hypothyroidism in early life appears to lead to widespeard impairment of brain function. These neurological findings were equally common in patients in whom treatment started between 4 and 10 weeks of age and patients treated after 10 weeks, suggesting that early detection of hypothyroidism by neonatal screening may be of limited benefit. Children who have been hypothyroid in early infancy require careful assessment to prevent further visual, emotional, scholastic, or vocational difficulties. PMID- 708097 TI - Clinicopathological findings in patients with primary and secondary defects of neutrophil mobility. AB - Twenty-eight patients with defective neutrophil mobility were classified, largely on results of parent values, into primary (17)--mainly Shwachman's syndrome--and probable secondary (11). They presented with frequent infections and/or allergy and these symptoms were essentially similar in both groups. Neutropenia was virtually confined. to the patients with Shwachman's syndrome. Diagnoses associated with secondary neutrophil mobility defects included hydrocephalus with shunt, cystic fibrosis, and immunoglobulin deficiency. The neutrophil mobility of nearly nearly all the patients studied increased when levamisole was added in vitro, but there was no clear evidence of clinical benefit when patients were given the drug. PMID- 708098 TI - Immunological studies in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 708099 TI - Acute inflammatory bowel disease in childbood: a new disease? AB - Three children aged between 7 and 11 years, after an acute onset of diarrhoea and vomiting, developed protracted diarrhoea and severe loss of weight. None had been abroad. No significant aetiological agent was found. There was evidence of acute inflammatory disease on proximal small intestinal biopsy, and some evidence of more widespread gut involvement--of the rectum in Cases 1 and 2, and the terminal ileum in Cases 2 and 3. The disease resolved spontaneously and without relapse. PMID- 708100 TI - Proctosigmoiditis and coeliac disease. AB - Of 80 children with proved coeliac disease, 2 presented with an associated disease of the distal portion of the large intestine. In one child the family history and the extension, localisation, and characteristics of intestinal lesions made us suspect ulcerative colitis; in the other we made a diagnosis of milk-induced colitis. PMID- 708101 TI - Evaluation of the Sheffield system for identifying children at risk from unexpected death in infancy. Results from Birmingham and Newcastle upon Tyne. AB - The "at birth" system which is used in Sheffield to identify children likely to die unexpectedly in infancy, was tested retrospectively in Birmingham (83 cases) and in Newcastle upon Tyne (56 cases). The discrimination between cases and age matched controls was poor in both cities. Analysis of the 8 factors used in the system showed that only 2 maintained significant case/control differences in Birmingham and Newcastle. Further investigation showed that other factors from maternity records showed significant case/control differences in these cities. Although the system used in Sheffield would not be of use in a prospective prevention programme in either Newcastle or Birmingham, the possibility of evolving an "at risk" system which might apply more widely is discussed. PMID- 708102 TI - Students' assessment of paediatric teaching and their opinions 7 years later. AB - A prospective study of the long-term validity of student assessment of paediatric teaching began during the period 1968--70. The students gave scores to the different parts of the course in a standard questionnaire. Between 6 and 8 years later the same students were given the same questionnaire to complete. 76 of the original 92 students responded. By this time most of them were either principals in general practice, or senior registrars or consultants in hospital medicine. The 18 items in the paediatric course were given remarkably similar scores in the two questionnaires, and the popularity ratings of only 2 items had altered significantly during the 7-year interval. The doctor 6--8 years after the course seems more likely to appreciate the need for teaching about communication skills. PMID- 708103 TI - Alternating hemiplegia: complicated migraine of infancy. AB - Alternating hemiplegia in children is a rare form of "complicated" migraine. There are a number of similarities to seizure disorders and correct diagnosis may prove difficult. The clinical features of 6 patients with alternating hemiplegia are presented together with the results of electrophysiological, radiological, and biochemical studies. While there were a number of clinical similarities between the patients, extensive investigations failed to demonstrate significant abnormalities. Although a diagnosis of a seizure disorder was suggested at some time in all of the patients, in only 2 was it certain there was a fit. Headaches occurred in the eldest patient (although not always with a hemiplegic attach) while in the younger patients misery often accompanied their attacks. Intellectual status was impaired in 5 patients, although in 2 of these the cause was most likely to be perinatal difficulties. Response to various forms of treatment was generally not encouraging and concern is expressed that this alternating hemiplegia of childhood may carry an unfavourable prognosis. PMID- 708104 TI - Familial syndrome with panhypopituitarism, hypoplasia of the hypophysis, and poorly developed sella turcica. AB - Two sisters who died at the age of 2.5 years and 5 weeks are described. Both showed signs of panhypopituitarism. At necropsy, no hypophysis could be found in the first child and a rudimentary and partly ectopic hypophysis was found in the other. Both children had a flat, poorly developed sella turcica, and the sellar anomaly could be seen in skull x-rays. These patients represent a hereditary syndrome characterised by neonatal panhypopituitarism, hypoplasia of the pituitary gland, and flat sella turcica. PMID- 708105 TI - Concealed pre-excitation causing paroxysmal reciprocating atrioventricular tachycardia in infancy. AB - We report 3 infants with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome who presented with life-threatening paroxysmal reciprocating atrioventricular tachycardia in their first month of life. The diagnosis was confirmed by electrophysiological studies at ages 2--4 years, but the characteristic ECG of pre-excitation has not been shown in one patient and was first recorded at 2 and 3 years in the other two. In 2 patients the tachycardia proved refractory to treatment with digoxin alone but responded to the addition of propranalol or verapamil. One of these infants was converted to sinus rhythm by DC countershock, giving time to reconsider his treatment with drugs. Digoxin is a well-tried treatment acting by slowing AV conduction and interrupting the re-entry circuit. However, it may act more slowly than other agents that act on the AV node--such as intravenous verapamil. Our patients illustrate the value of long follow-up as the diagnosis of WPW syndrome could not be made in infancy. Many infants who present with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in infancy may have an inapparent bypass and be examples of the WPW syndrome. PMID- 708106 TI - Tetrahydrobiopterin therapy of atypical phenylketonuria due to defective dihydrobiopterin biosynthesis. AB - A patient with atypical phenylketonuria (defective BH2 synthesis), detected at age 6 months because of severe muscle hypotonia and serum phenylalanine of 20 mg/100 ml, had normal activities of phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase and DHPR in liver biopsy, but only 2% activity in the phenylalanine-4-hyroxylase in vivo test using deuterated phenylalanine. After IV administration of 2.5 mg/kg chemically pure tetrahydrobiopterin bishydrochloride (BH4 . 2HCl), serum phenylalanine decreased from 20.4 to 2.1 mg/100 ml within 3 hours. Administration of 25 mg BH4 . HCl and 100 mg ascorbic acid through a gastric tube decrease; serum phenylalanine from 13.7 to less than 1.6 mg/100 ml within 3 hours and it remained less than 2 mg/100 ml for 2 days. PMID- 708107 TI - Diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma after ingestion of imipramine. AB - An 11-year-old twin girl was admitted to hospital with a 24-hour history of profuse sweating, tachycardia, and hypertension after a single dose of imipramine. She was subsequently found to have a right adrenal phaeochromocytoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of tumour provocation by imipramine. PMID- 708108 TI - Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. A follow-up report. AB - Nine children with sucrase-isomaltase deficiency were assessed up to 10 years after diagnosis. All children continued to have episodes of diarrhoea associated with sucrose ingestion. Sucrose tolerance tests showed that malabsorption of sucrose persists into adolescence. Three older patients were unaware of their condition and were eating normal diets with unrestricted amounts of sucrose. They complained of gastrointestinal symptoms which improved after sucrose restriction. PMID- 708109 TI - Infantile spasms and HLA antigens. AB - 21 new cases of infantile spasms were reported in 1976 from paediatric departments in Denmark. The connection between infantile spasms and the Lennox Gastaut syndrome is mentioned, because of reports of a significantly higher incidence of HLA-B7 in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The HLA antigen distribution in 19 of the 21 children was compared with that of 1967 healthy adults. No difference in the HLA antigens was demonstrated between children with infantile spasms and controls, whether in the material as a whole, or in the cryptogenic or symptomatic groups. However HLA typing of children with infantile spasms should continue in the search for a potential genetic marker in this grave disease, particularly in view of the reported high incidence of HLA-B7 in children with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. PMID- 708110 TI - Familial neurodegenerative disorder associated with raised urinary vanillylmandelic acid. AB - We report a child who presented with a progressive neurological disorder associated with hypertension and paroxysms of irritability and sweating in whom an abnormality of catecholamine metabolism or excretion was demonstrated. An elder sister died at the age of 2 1/2 years with similar clinical symptoms but without blood pressure or catecholamine excretion being recorded. The exact mechanism of the disturbance of catecholamine excretion was not identified in our patient but some slight improvement in hypertension and arrest of his neurological deterioration was noted when he was put on a low tyramine diet. It is suggested that our patient may well suffer from a familial neurodegenerative disorder in which an abnormality of catecholamine metabolism or excretion is a feature. PMID- 708111 TI - Indications for cystourethrography in children with recurrent urinary infection. PMID- 708112 TI - Prevalence of lactose intolerance in children with recurrent abdominal pain. PMID- 708113 TI - Hepatic dysfunction and dysgammaglobulinaemia in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. PMID- 708114 TI - Effects of long-term tobacco smoke exposure on whole blood viscosity in the rat. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term tobacco smoke administration to rats on whole blood viscosity. Blood samples obtained from rats that had been administered tobacco smoke daily for a period of 10 wk and samples from normal cage control rats were placed in a cone-plate viscometer. Whole blood viscosities were measured at shear rates ranging from 23 to 230/sec. At every shear rate tested, blood viscosity from the smoke-treated animals was significantly higher than corresponding viscosities from the control rats. It is concluded that chronic tobacco smoke administration to rats increases the viscosity of whole blood, both at high shear rates where blood behaves rheologically as a Newtonian fluid and at low shear rates where blood displays non-Newtonian properties. PMID- 708115 TI - Family operational co-factors in the epidemiology of childhood lead poisoning. AB - A large-scale data base was derived from the New Haven Connecticut Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control Program. A subset of 918 children was examined to explore the associations of blood lead levels in these children and four family operational factors. Elevated lead in the children was positively associated with: (a) larger numbers of children under 6 yr in the family; (b) fewer parents at home; (c) fewer parents employed; and (d) lack of day care. Additional environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic factors in childhood lead poisoning and its control are under study. PMID- 708116 TI - Carbon monoxide exposure and auditory duration discrimination. AB - Two young adults performed an auditory duration discrimination task while sitting in an open office (i.e., without sensory isolation). The percentage of errors rose when carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) readings of 3.2% or 4.7% were produced by a rebreathing method; there was a parallel but statistically insignificant trend at 2.0% HbCO. Analysis of the data by psychophysical measures, however, showed no significant changes of difference threshold, criterion value, or point of subjective equality. After the tape was rearranged to meet criteria of a constant interval, a balanced order of presentation, and psychological rather than physical equality of tone length, eight young adults performed the task better in an isolation booth than in an open office, scores in both situations being unaffected by increases of HbCO to greater than 8%. Further trials with five young adults compared responses before and after administration of 80 ml of CO (HbCO 4.92%); again, no effect of carbon monoxide was seen relative to control experiments. The error score of nonsmoking young adults can be increased by a level of HbCO as low as 3.2%. The likelihood of such a response, however, is markedly influenced by task difficulty, environment, and the arousal of the subjects. Furthermore, the nature of the functional disturbance remains uncertain; psychophysical measures show no significant impairment of auditory duration discrimination. PMID- 708117 TI - Effects of low levels of lead exposure on cognitive function--a review. AB - The relationship between low levels of lead and cognitive functioning in animals is reviewed. The data suggest that within animals lead can produce a massive disruption of learning ability while not affecting either morbidity or mortality. Concentration of lead appears to insidiously cause damage to learning function where extremely low doses disrupt the hard-to-measure higher levels of cognitive function. It is concluded that the current standards of lead concentration should be reappraised in terms of measures of damage to cognitive learning. PMID- 708118 TI - Sensory irritation of select experimental photochemical oxidants. AB - Groups of male Swiss-Webster mice were exposed to photochemical oxidant mixtures generated by reacting various hydrocarbons with nitrogen dioxide in the presence of ultraviolet light while their respiratory rates were monitored. The hydrocarbons used were 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene, ethylene, propylene, n-butane, and ethane. The initial hydrocarbon concentrations ranged from .4 to 18 ppm, with the initial nitrogen dioxide concentration being one third that of the initial hydrocarbon concentration. New groups (four mice per group) were exposed for 5 min at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr of ultraviolet irradiation. Dose-response curves for each hydrocarbon were developed by plotting the maximum percent decrease in respiratory rate observed during the 4 hr of irradiation of each mixture as a function of the initial hydrocarbon concentration present. The percent decrease in respiratory rate in mice was chosen as an index of the sensory irritation of the upper respiratory tract for each mixture. The results showed that the potency of the photochemical oxidant mixtures generated from the hydrocarbons to be propylene greater than 1,3,-butadiene = 1-butene=cis-2-butene greater than ethylene. When ethane or n-butane was used, no decrease in respiratory rate was observed. These results are compatible with the data obtained in human volunteer studies. Guidelines for relating the percent decrease in respiratory rate in mice to human reactions are presented. PMID- 708119 TI - Exposure to dust-borne bacteria in agriculture. I. Environmental studies. AB - In order to evaluate the exposure of agricultural workers to dust-borne bacteria, microbiological examinations of the air were performed in grain storing and processing plants and in animal houses. Large concentrations of viable microorganisms, ranging from 129.2 to 1289.9 thousands/m3 of air, were found in the rooms contaminated with grain dust and much lower in those contaminated with flour dust (22.6 thousands/m3). Bacteria predominated in the air of grain plants, whereas actinomycetes and fungi were less numerous. The most abundant bacteria were Gram negative rods of the species Erwinia herbicola. Large concentrations of air-borne microorganisms were also found in different animal farms, reaching 225.5 to 595.4 thousands/m3 in hatcheries and 7751.5 thousands/m3 in a broiler house. Staphylococci were most frequently isolated and other common organisms were Corynebacteria and Streptococci. It was concluded that high exposure to dust borne bacteria creates a hazard to agricultural workers. PMID- 708120 TI - Plasma cholinesterase activity in early pregnancy. AB - A significant fall in plasma cholinesterase activity was observed in six healthy young women in the first 3 months of normal pregnancy. There was some evidence of return to normal pre-pregnancy levels in later pregnancy. No hypothesis is suggested to account for this phenomenon, although it seems possible that it may be the result of altered liver enzyme synthesis. PMID- 708121 TI - [Actidione resistance: a new technic for the identification of fast-growing mycobacteria]. PMID- 708122 TI - [Splenic abacess: rare complication of typhoid fever]. PMID- 708123 TI - [Subdural effusion in infants in an African general pediatric ward (apropos of 23 cases)]. PMID- 708124 TI - [Sanitation of water sources by local means: a contribution towards the implementation of an "appropriate" technology]. PMID- 708126 TI - [Serological diagnosis of parasitoses]. PMID- 708125 TI - Effect of total portal vein ligation on the maturation of Schistosoma mansoni in mice. PMID- 708127 TI - Mass travel and imported diseases. PMID- 708128 TI - [Effect of the virulence of toxoplasmic strains to mice on their capacity to form cysts in pigs]. PMID- 708129 TI - [Sudden death in the long term development of ischemic cardiopathy]. AB - During five years or until death, we had under observation 74 patients who survived the acute phase of myocardial infarction, 66 patients with angor inestable, and a third group, also of 66 patients of the coronary unit, but whose cases didn't show evidence of their illness being due to myocardial infarction. The general features were similar in the three groups. The patients outliving myocardial infarction reached 69%; those surviving angor inestable, reached 79%, and the survivors of the no-coronary group, 92.5%. There were not significant differences among the three groups in mortality rate due to non cardial illnesses. The differences are in relation with sudden death; in the first groups, 14.8%, 10.6% in the second group, and only 1.5% in the third one. In the coronary groups half the total mortality was due to sudden death. Death was instantaneous in 26% of the cases and 52% occurred in less than two hours. All of these sudden deaths occurred out of the Hospital. Patients with antecedents of previous myocardial infarction showed from 3 to 6 more sudden deaths than those patients suffering a first myocardial infarction. The myocardial infarction patients who developed cardiomegaly afterwards registered two and a half more sudden deaths than those without cardiomegaly. Differences were highly significant; 28.5% sudden deaths in those patients with cardiomegaly and 8.4% in patients without cardiomegaly. These results show that the higher rate of sudden deaths is due to a more extensive myocardial damage. Arterial hypertension also constitutes and important risk of sudden death, even when it is properly controlled after the acute period. PMID- 708130 TI - [Exercise test and differential diagnosis of fetal arrhythmia]. AB - The cases here reported show in the first place that external fetal ECG is useful to detect fetal distress and should therefore be included as a prenatal control from the second trimester of pregnancy on, specially in cases where there is a past history of fetal death of unknown origin, or a family history of congenital heart defects. A fetal tolerance test to exercise should also be done in those cases with a past history of fetal death, distress or whenever chronic fetal distress may be suspected to take place because of the presence of maternal pathology (endocrine, cardiovascular, or infectious diseases, etc.). Fetal tolerance test to uterine contractions should also be done whenever possible to evaluate the tolerance of these fetuses to uterine contractility during labor. More studies are needed to establish standard guides of this method for the practical obstetrical management of products of high risk pregnancies. PMID- 708131 TI - [Arterial hypertension in adolescents]. AB - The clinical cases of 391 men and 609 women, adolescent all of them, are included in this study. T.A. values were obtained by the Korotkoff method and the lower figures in both measurements analized. The mean value for the men's cases were 112/72/67 and for the women's cases 105/71/67 respectively for K1, K4 and K5. The difference between the sistolic pressures is significant. Taking the mean men and 126/89/86 for the women. Such values might represent the higher values plus two standard derivations it was possible to obtain 139/92/88 for the normal limit. At higher values we found K1 at 1% for men and 10% for women; K4 at 1.2% for men and 5.7% for women; for K5 at 1.1% for men and 2.2% for women. There is a direct relation between obesity and higher figures in T.A. for K1 and K4 in both sexes (p.0.01). The use of too much salt influenced the coming up of K4 to (p.0.01). PMID- 708132 TI - [Recent advances of knowledge about pulmonary edema]. PMID- 708133 TI - [Calculation of the arterial pulmonary pressure by using phonomechanocardiography. Correlation with the measurement by catheterization]. AB - We are presenting a phonomechanographic study for the calculation of sytolic pressure of the pulmonary artery, following the method proposed by Burstin & Fishleder. Correlation is made of 287 patients with the pressure obtained from the registration of direct-catheterism in the pulmonary artery. We insist on the advantages of this method such as quicker accomplishment, easier calculation and harmless for the patient, and we are analyzing some of the physiologic mechanisms which participate in the calculation of the pulmonary systolic pressure. We concluded that it is a reliable method of a high degree of correlation uith the hemodynamic research, specially when both studies are contemporary. PMID- 708134 TI - [Prolapse of the mitral valve]. AB - Intending to find out which is the prevalence of mitral valvular prolapse in cases of ischemic cardiopathy with "normal" coronariography, a review was made of the coronary-ventriculographic studies at the I.N.C. archives, which showed as clinical diagnosis that of ischemic cardiopathy with "normal" coronaries. In the present studies we record 47 cases showing chest angina and/or electrocardiographic changes in rest or effort tests, compatible with myocardic ischemia and coronariography undoubtedly normal. We found 30 cases (63.8%) showing strong evidence of mitral prolapse in the left cineventriculography taken in right-front oblique position. PMID- 708135 TI - [Usefulness of technetium 99m diphosphate scintellography in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Electrocardiographic correlation]. AB - We made myocardial gammagraphies on a group of 141 patients with acute thoracic pain, using 99 mtc diphosphonates. We obtained images with three projections (LOA, LL and PA); for reading the gammagraphy we used the diagnostic criteria of Berman and Cols. Studying 106 patients with acute myocardial infarction we found affirmative diagnosis in 89 cases (83.93%). In another group, 32 patients with chest angina, the results were negative in 20 cases (62.5%). We got a total of eight false positive images in patients showing post-infarction aneurism, post defibrillation damage, and myocardial metastatic tumors. This method showed a specificity of 62.9%. Correlation with the electrocardiogram refering to the localization of the infarction, was of 85.39%. This method proved to be of high sensibility and specificity in confirming the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or establishing it with certainty in some patients when the electrocardiogram fails and, in some cases, to find out about the evolution and prognostic of the acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 708136 TI - [Pulmonary arterial hypertension of unknown etiology. Study of the cardiopulmonary function]. AB - Thirty two cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension of unknown etiology (PAH-UE) were studied. The diagnosis was established by exclusion after the results of hemodinamics studies. Ninety percent of cases had severe PAH (100 mmHg). The end diastolic right ventricular pressure was elevated in 46% of cases. The total pulmonary vascular resistance was increased in the order of the 1700 dinas. seg. cm-5. The cardiac index was 3.3 1/m2 with a right ventricular work index of 3.96 K gm min. The total lung capacity (TLC) was normal, with a vital capacity (VC) of 78% of the predicted value. The residual volume was increased. The mean value of the maximal midexpiratory flow rate (MMFR) was 78%. The A-a gradient of O2 was 30 mmHg, with a venous mixture expressed as a percentage ratio of the cardiac output (Qva/Qt) of 26%. The mean paO2 mmHg and the anatomical pulmonary artery to vein shunt (Qs/Qt) was 9%, with a DLco normal. The clinical hemodinamic correlation was in good agreement. Our results suggested that PAH-UE "per se" has effect in pulmonary function changing slight lung mechanics, and in a moderate degree lung gas exchange. The hipoxemia results meanly from V/Q imbalance. PMID- 708137 TI - Effects of glucose and some oral hypoglycemic agents upon the plasma glucose and immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. AB - An investigation has been made to see the effect of oral hypoglycemic agants on the blood sugar (BS) and plasma Immuno-Reactive Insulin (IRI) in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Plasma IRI was significantly reduced in a streptozotocin treated diabetic rat 8 weeks after streptozotocin injection. In normal rats oral administration of Sodium tolbutamide (TOL) and Glybenclamide (GLI) produced a significant fall in BS and a concurrent increase in plasma IRI, but phenformin (PHE) was without any effect on both these parameters. Unlike normal rats streptozotocin treated diabetic rats did not show lowering of BS and increase in plasma IRI following TOL and GLI. PHE, however, did produce a significant fall in BS. Oral glucose load did show a typical glucose tolerance curve and insulin release in normal rats. However, in the diabetic rats there was no significant increase in plasma IRI following glucose load. It is therefore concluded that streptozotocin treated diabetic rats differ from the maturity onset diabetic as regards the responses of TOL and GLI are concerned and this animal model can therefore be useful in differentiating the two types of oral hypoglycemic agents. PMID- 708138 TI - Transport interaction phenomena between monoquaternary and polymethylene bisquaternary amines in mouse kidney cortex slices. AB - The polymethylene-bisquaternary amine 14C-decamethonium accumulates in mouse kidney cortex slices incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (37 degrees C, pH 7.4) aerated with O2-CO2 95:5 v/v%. The accumulation rate was enhanced in the presence of monoquaternary amines which on the other hand depressed maximum accumulation ratio of decamethonium in the tissue. The stimulation phenomenon was apparently related to the intracellular concentration of monoquaternary amine since tissue preloaded with a monoquaternary amine took up decamethonium at an increased rate. This effect was due to an accelerated influx of decamethonium and not to inhibition of efflux since no decamethonium efflux was shown to occur in wash-out experiments. Flux stimulation may represent an interaction phenomenon of accelerative exchange diffusion type. Furthermore, various amines inhibited accumulation of decamethonium in a competitive manner. The study supports the idea that common steps are involved in cellular transport of monoquaternary and polymethylene-bisquaternary amines in the kidney. PMID- 708139 TI - Renal functional changes induced by prostaglandin E1 and indomethacin in the anesthetized dog. PMID- 708140 TI - Ionic and metabolic requirements for decamethonium transport in mouse kidney cortex slices. AB - Decamethonium accumulates in mouse kidney cortex slices incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (37 degrees C, pH 7.4) aerated with O2-CO2 95:5 v/v%. Maximum tissue-medium accumulation ratio decreased with increasing external decamethonium concentration. Decamethonium was released from the tissue at a slow rate. The metabolic inhibitor cyanide inhibited accumulation of decamethonium but did not produce release of decamethonium already accumulated in the tissue. Substitution of external Na+ by other cations depressed decamethonium uptake. However, this cannot be ascribed to absence of Na+ since no inhibition occurred when Na+ was substituted by isoosmotic sucrose. Decamethonium uptake is inhibited when active Na+-transport is impaired (omission of K+ or addition of ouabain). The slow onset of this inhibition is compatible with the idea that it may be secondary to changes in the intracellular electrolyte concentrations. Furthermore, decamethonium uptake was depressed in absence of external Ca2+. PMID- 708141 TI - Influence of prostaglandins E1 and F1alpha on K-induced responses in vascular smooth muscle. AB - The effects of PGE1 and PGF1alpha (1.4-8.4 X 10(-8)M) were studied on contractures induced by 10--60 mM KCl in the isolated rabbit aorta. The greatest PG-induced increases in the K-contractures were observed at the lower concentrations of KCl. Greater tension increases were noted, particularly at the higher K concentrations with the simultaneous addition of KCl and the PGs rather than with their sequential addition in which the PGs were added after KCl. For example, when the PGs were added to tissues contracted with 60 mM KCl, no additional tension increases occurred, while significant increases were observed when the PGs were added simultaneously with 50--60 mM KCl. Isobolic plots of the data indicate that PGE1 at lower concentrations and PGF1alpha at all concentrations interacted with KCl as competitive antagonists. At median doses PGE1 exhibited an additive effect with KCl, while higher doses interacted in a synergistic manner. PMID- 708142 TI - Hepatic peroxisome proliferation: induction by BR-931, a hypolipidemic analog of WY-14,643. AB - Administration of BR-931, an ethanolamine derivative of Wy-14,643 [4-chloro-6 (2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinythio]acetic acid, at a dietary concentration of 0.125% for 3 weeks to male F-344 rats, resulted in a significant enlargement of the liver. The hepatomegaly appeared to be due to liver cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy resulting, in part, from peroxisome and smooth endoplasmic reticulum proliferation. The hepatic catalase and carnitine acetyltransferase activities increased significantly in association with peroxisome proliferation. The hepatomegaly and peroxisome proliferation induced by BR-931 were comparable in degree to those resulting from feeding of an equivalent dose of Wy-14,643. All these hepatic effects were reversible when the drugs were withdrawn from the diet. Screening of new compounds for hepatic peroxisome proliferation and for increases in peroxisome-associated enzymes may prove to be an adjunct to evaluating their potency as hypolipidemic agents, in view of frequent association between hepatic peroxisome proliferation and hypolipidemia. PMID- 708143 TI - Cardiovascular reactivity in renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Pressor reactivity to noradrenaline or vasopressin was studied in unanaesthetized, pithed and isolated perfused hindquarter, preparations from renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Unanaesthetized renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats showed hyperreactivity to noradrenaline and vasopressin. Vascular responses of noradrenaline in pithed and isolated perfused hindquarter preparations were to a lesser extent but significantly greater in the renal hypertensive rat, while responses of pithed and isolated perfused hindquarter preparations to noradrenaline were within normal limits in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 708144 TI - Gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism in different areas of rat brain at the onset of soman-induced convulsions. PMID- 708145 TI - Effects of ethanol on behavior under fixed-ratio, fixed-interval, and multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedules in the pigeon. AB - Behavior of pigeons was controlled by fixed-ratio, fixed-interval and multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement. When each thirtieth peck on a response key produced food (fixed-ratio schedule) high rates of responding were maintained; low to intermediate doses of ethanol left unchanged or increased those rates. Under the fixed-interval schedule the first response after 5 min produced food and comparatively lower rates of responding were maintained that gradually increased up to food presentation. Low to intermediate doses of ethanol only decreased overall rates of responding under the fixed-interval schedule. When the fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules alternated regularly throughout a single experimental session (multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedule), differential effects that depended upon the schedule of reinforcement were still obtained. Ethanol affected local rates of responding within the fixed intervals differently depending upon the rates prior to drug administration; low rates were increased while higher rates were decreased. As with other drugs, the effects of ethanol on schedule-controlled responding depended upon the particular rates and patterns of responding maintained by the schedule of reinforcement. PMID- 708146 TI - Motor effects of graded doses of pentagastrin on the gut of the anesthetized dog. AB - Gastrointestinal motor activity of the anesthetized dog was assessed by strain gage force transducers on longitudinal and transverse muscle of the gastric body and antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. Dose-dependent effects of pentagastrin (1-8192 ng/kg, i.v.) were only seen on the stomach: increases in gastric body tone, antral contractile force and contractile frequency of the gastric phasic activity. Body tone and antral force were more sensitive to pentagastrin than was contractile frequency. Supra-maximal doses and repetition of the dose-response protocol gave smaller increments for body tone and antral force, while the increase in contractile frequency remained unaffected. The different responses to pentagastrin of force and frequency indicate that pentagastrin acts on 2 different receptor-effector systems. PMID- 708147 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ethosuximide in the dog. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ethosuximide were studied in dogs and compared with the data known for man. After intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg to 9 dogs, the concentration-time curve in serum could be described by the open one-compartment model. Serum half-lives were between 11 and 25 hr, the volume of distribution correspond to between 44 and 66% of body weight. After oral administration of the same dose, maximal serum concentrations were reached within 1-4 hr and the absorption amounted to 88-95%. By treatment with three daily doses, a plateau in serum concentrations could be reached and maintained. At serum concentrations above 100 microliter/ml, half-lives seemed prolonged when compared to the values determined previously with a dose of 40 mg/kg. Ethosuximide rapidly enters the cerebrospinal fluid, equilibrium was established after 20-30 min. Plasma protein binding of the drug was negligible. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic data for dog and man reveals, in spite of the somewhat shorter half-life in the dog, a rather good agreement. In female rats, ethosuximide had an average half-life of 10 hr, in mice of hardly 1 hr. Concentrations in serum and brain of mice equilibrated within 10 min. PMID- 708148 TI - Effects of some thioxanthenes on bile formation and organic anion clearance in the perfused rat liver. AB - Perfusion of the isolated rat liver with cis-thiothixene (THX), cis- or trans flupenthixol (FPX), and cis- or trans-clopenthixol (CLX) has demonstrated that each of the compounds exerted adverse effects on hepatic excretory function and that their relative order of potency was THX greater than cis- = trans-FPX greater than cis- = trans-CLX. THX caused dose-dependent reductions in bile flow and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) clearance. The 14C-erythritol clearance and bile acid excretion data suggested that the primary effects of THX (10(-5)M) were on the bile acid-independent fraction of bile. The BSP kinetic data indicated that THX mainly affected the excretion of BSP and not its uptake. Since THX also decreased the excretion of indocyanine green, inhibition of hepatic conjugative enzymes did not appear to be responsible for the observed decreases in organic anion excretion. At 2.5 X 10(-5) M, both isomers of FPX reduced bile flow and BSP excretion. It took a higher concentration (7.5 X 10(-5) M) for either isomer of CLX to effect similar reductions. PMID- 708149 TI - Biological evaluation of some norphenyl analogs of hemicholinium No. 3 and acetyl seco-hemicholinium No. 3. PMID- 708150 TI - Actions and interactions with alcohol of drugs on psychomotor skills: comparison of diazepam and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. AB - Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GOBA) on psychomotor skills related to driving were studied in healthy student volunteers. The effects of oral GOBA 1.0 and 2.0 g, alone or in combination with 0.5 g/kg of ethyl alcohol, were compared in double-blind cross-over trials against oral diazepam 10 mg (D), alcohol 0.5 g/kg, and lactose placebo. Reactive and co-ordinative skills, attention, flicker fusion, proprioception, nystagmus, Maddox wing, and subjective estimations were included. The first single-dose trial with 12 volunteers revealed that neither GOBA 1.0 g nor D modified attention. D impaired reactive skills whilst co ordinative skills remained largely uninfluenced by D or GOBA. Both D and GOBA impaired leg proprioception. Only D was experienced as a sedative drug. In the second trial with 12 volunteers, GOBA 1.0 g slightly increased reaction mistakes whereas GOBA 2.0 g next day did not. Either dose of GOBA was ineffective on co ordinative skills, critical flicker fusion frequency, and proprioception. Alcohol alone (0.41 +/- 0.047 mg/ml) improved rather than impaired skills. GOBA 1.0 g + alcohol (0.36 +/- 0.027 mg/ml) impaired reactive skills more than GOBA 2.0 g did but no potentiation was seen. D impaired reactive and co-ordinative skills and flicker fusion. When D was given on two consecutive days, some tachyphylaxis to the D response was seen on co-ordinative skills but not on reactive skills or flicker fusion. It is concluded that in the recommended anxiolytic doses used GOBA neither deteriorates driving skills nor importantly increases the effects of low doses of alcohol. PMID- 708151 TI - Mechanism of positive chronotropic response of the canine SA node to selective administration of ketamine. AB - Mechanism for induction of the positive chronotropic effect of ketamine was studied in vivo using a selective perfusion technique of the canine SA node artery. In the reserpinized dogs in which tyramine responsiveness could be restored with norepinephrine, an injection of ketamine induced no sinus acceleration, while its prior administration to norepinephrine suppressed the response to tyramine. In the tetrodotoxin treated preparation in which the effect of electrical stimulation of the vagus and the stellate ganglion was abolished, tyramine produced an increase of sinus rate as usual, but the induction of sinus tachycardia by cocaine and ketamine was completely blocked. The results indicated that the positive chronotropic response of the SA node to ketamine might be induced by an inhibition of the norepinephrine uptake at the adrenergic nerve endings in a cocaine-like manner. PMID- 708152 TI - The effect of verapamil, isoproterenol, and dexamethasone on enzyme release and viability of coronary obstructed guinea-pig hearts. AB - In isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts decrease of coronary flow, release of creatine kinase (CK), severe arrhythmias and early standstill were produced by intracoronary application of plastic microspheres. 1 X 10(-9) g verapamil/ml perfusion fluid significantly decreased the CK release from these "ischemic" hearts. With 1 X 10(-8) g/ml a significant increase of the survival times was obtained. Dexamethasone strongly depressed the enzyme release from the coronary obstructed hearts. The survival times, however, were not prolonged. Isoproterenol significantly shortened the survival times. Very low concentrations decreased the CK release, whereas higher concentrations themselves provoked an enzyme release. PMID- 708153 TI - Effects of intraventricular and intraspinal 6-hydroxydopamine on blood pressure of renal hypertensive rats. AB - 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) was administered into the lateral brain ventricle of normal rats and of rats with renal hypertension produced by unilateral clipping of the renal artery, and was also administered into the spinal cord of normal rats. Intraventricular administration of 6-OH-DA prevented the development of renal hypertension in rats, but was ineffective in developed renal hypertension. The development of renal hypertension was not affected by pretreatment with intraspinal injection of 6-OH-DA, which produced a marked reduction only in spinal cord noradrenaline. These data suggest that brain adrenergic neurones may participate in the production of renal hypertension but the noradrenergic projections in the spinal cords are not essential for this process. PMID- 708154 TI - The potentiating effect of clorgyline and pyrogallol on the blood pressure responses to norepinephrine. AB - Intraventricular administration of norepinephrine (NE) into pentobarbital anesthetized rats elicits a pressor or a depressor effect depending on the dose injected: after a low dose, a depressor response is seen while after a high dose, a pressor response is observed. In the animal pretreated intraventricularly with clorgyline or pyrogallol, the hypotensive effect of a low dose of NE was reversed to a hypertensive effect, while the hypertensive effect of a high dose of NE was markedly potentiated. This result suggests that brain monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyltransferase can metabolize centrally released NE before it leaks into the peripheral circulation. PMID- 708155 TI - Effect of antihypertensives on calcium kinetics in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether alterations in 45Ca kinetics, found previously in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), are the cause or the consequence of high blood pressure. SHR were treated for 3-6 weeks with hydralazine, propranolol or timolol before the uptake and efflux of 45Ca was measured in the aorta and compared with those in untreated animals. Hydralazine prevented the development of hypertension in the rats but did not alter the uptake or efflux of 45Ca. It is concluded that calcium handling in SHR is abnormal also in the absence of high arterial pressure. PMID- 708156 TI - Inhibition by metyrapone of the accumulation of nicotine-14C in bronchial epithelium of mice. AB - Further studies have been conducted in an attempt to define the mechanism of the intense accumulation of radioactivity in bronchial epithelium following the administration of nicotine-14C to mice. Male and female pigmented (C57B1/6J) and nonpigmented (A/HeJ) mice were studied by whole-body autoradiography following administration of either nicotine-14C (methyl- or 2'-labeled) or nicotine-1'-N oxide-14C. When each of these compounds was administered at the same specific activity the radioactivity retained in the bronchial epithelium was much greater for the methyl-labeled nicotine-14C than for the ring-labeled. Following administration of the N-oxide very little radioactivity was retained at this site and this was seen only at a few time intervals. Pretreatment with NaHCO3, NH4Cl, SKF 525A, piperonyl butoxide, progesterone, cysteamine, phenobarbital or metyrapone prior to the administration of [methyl-14C]nicotine was studied. Metyrapone totally prevented the accumulation of radioactivity in the bronchial epithelium and progesterone reduced this accumulation; the other substances used for pretreatment had no effect on the uptake of radioactivity. These results are interpreted to indicate that the accumulation of nicotine in bronchial epithelium is not accounted for by transcellular pH gradients but is due to a high affinity of nicotine for a cytochrome P-450 in this tissue which demethylates the nicotine. The relationship and significance of metabolism of nicotine in this tissue to metabolism at other sites in the body are discussed. PMID- 708157 TI - Enhanced hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride following sodium nitrite pretreatment. AB - The administration of sodium nitrite (60 mg/kg, s.c.) 30 min prior to carbon tetrachloride intoxication (2 ml/kg, p.o.) significantly enhanced the rise in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Sodium nitrite pretreatment also enhanced the carbon tetrachloride-induced decrease in hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Microsomal diene conjugation absorption indicative of microsomal lipid peroxidation was observed following carbon tetrachloride intoxication, but was not altered by sodium nitrite pretreatment. The data indicate a potentially toxic interaction between sodium nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury. PMID- 708158 TI - Oxygen-dependency of the acetylcholine induced relaxation in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 708159 TI - Measurement of gastric relaxation in the experimental animal: influence of domperidone. PMID- 708160 TI - Effect of tricyclic antidepressant drugs on spontaneous activity of noradrenergic neurons. PMID- 708161 TI - In vitro hepatic oxidative metabolism of antipyrine, phenytoin and phenylbutazone in rabbits with experimental renal failure. PMID- 708162 TI - Distribution of phenytoin and phenylbutazone in normal and uraemic rabbits. PMID- 708163 TI - Effect of blockade of neuronal uptake on the evoked release of 3-H-norepinephrine in the saphenous vein of the dog. PMID- 708164 TI - Cardiac systolic time intervals in thyroid disorders. PMID- 708165 TI - Coffee--grounds for reassurance. PMID- 708166 TI - Coffee consumption and mortality. Total mortality, stroke mortality, and coronary heart disease mortality. AB - Total mortality showed no association with coffee usage in the four race-sex groups of Evans County, Georgia. Deaths of coronary heart disease (CHD) in white men and women and black men showed no statistically significant difference between high and low coffee consumers. In an area that has been designated as the "Stroke Belt," neither CHD nor cerebrovascular death rates seem related to coffee drinking habits. However, to refute or confirm the allegations of a detrimental influence of high coffee intake, larger samples are needed. Nevertheless, our finding that mortality from all causes is not increased in the high coffee consuming group means that a finding of increased CHD mortality with high coffee consumption would have to be compensated by a protective lower rate for other causes of death. PMID- 708168 TI - Acid-base disturbances in the salicylate-intoxicated adult. AB - This study examined the acid-base disturbances in 67 adults with salicylate intoxication. On admission, 66 patients had an acid-base distrubance. In contract to previous suggestions, however, only 25% of the patients had simple respiratory alkalosis. Unlike salicylate intoxication in children, 33% of these adults with salicylate intoxication had ingested additional drugs. These additional drugs generally were CNS depressants and were important determinants of the variety of the acid-base disturbance. Those patients who ingested additional drugs had a significantly lower incidence of respiratory alkalosis (P less than .005) and a higher incidence of respiratory acidosis (P less than .005) and acidemia (P less than 0.25). The incidence of acidemia correlated with the presence of neurological symptoms. PMID- 708167 TI - Myocardial function in hypothyroidism. Relation to disease severity and response to treatment. AB - Systolic time intervals (ST) were used to evaluate myocardial function prospectively in 29 hypothyroid patients. The patients were divided into three categories of disease severity: (1) severe hypothyroidism, (2) mild hypothyroidism, and (3) decreased thyroid reserve or "prehypothyroidism." Groups 1 and 2 showed decreased myocardial contractility with a prolonged preejection period (PEP), shortened left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and increase PEP/LVET, compared with normal controls. The STI were more abnormal (P less than .05) in group 1 than in group 2, suggesting that the severity of myocardial dysfunction correlates with the severity of the hypothyroidism. Group 3 had normal STI. Ten patients were restudied when euthyroid and showed complete normalization of their STI, supporting the thesis that hypothyroidism was the sole cause of the initial myocardial dysfunction. PMID- 708169 TI - Subcutaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. AB - Two patients developed severe and symptomatic thrombocytopenia which was clearly related to the every-12-hour subcutaneous administration of heparin sodium. One patient died of hemorrhage while the other patient's platelet count normalized after withdrawal of the therapy. The literature reveals 27 cases of significant thrombocytopenia associated with intravenous heparin administration. In light of the increasing use of low-dose subcutaneous heparin therapy it is important to recognize that this side effect may occur. Periodic platelet counts are recommended for these patients. PMID- 708170 TI - Furosemide-induced forced diuresis in digoxin intoxication. AB - In three cases of attempted suicide by massive digoxin ingestion, a therapeutic attempt was undertaken to shorten the duration of toxicity of the drug by accelerating the removal of the glycoside from the body. Early administration of intravenous (IV) furosemide and fluids appeared to increase digoxin excretion in one case, which resulted in a substantially shortened digoxin half-time of eight hours. In two cases this therapy, initiated after a delay of 12 and eight hours was ineffective. The half-times were 51 and 43 hours, respectively. At an early preequilibrium stage, higher serum-tissue ratios of digoxin are present; thus, greater amounts of free digoxin are available for glomerular filtration and excretion. The prompt treatment by IV furosemide may be beneficial in the management of massive digitalis overdose. PMID- 708171 TI - Hyperparathyroidism and coexisting diabetes mellitus. Altered carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in a 67-year-old diabetic man treated for 20 years with isophane insulin suspension, 40 to 45 units/day. It was also diagnosed in a 64-year-old diabetic with severe retinopathy and vascular disease, who was not dependent on insulin. In the first case, removal of a parathyroid adenoma resulted in frequent hypoglycemic attacks, which led to a reduction of the administration of insulin isophane suspension to 20 units/day. In the second case, there was a notable improvement in the glucose tolerance testing that followed surgery, accompanied by a decrease in total plasma insulin response from 17,838 to 5,605 units, by planimetry. These observations suggest that hyperparathyroidism worsens coexisting diabetes mellitus and that one must be aware of increased insulin sensitivity and the possibility of severe hypoglycemia in cases that require insulin after surgical correction of the hypercalcemic state. PMID- 708172 TI - Apneusis. AB - Two cases of apneustic breathing that had several unusual features, as compared with experimental apneusis, are reported here. Both patients had intact vagal function. Respiratory rhythm showed mainly inspiratory apneusis, with a relatively smooth background rhythm. Frequency and duration of apneusis either decreased or were unaffected by breathing CO2, and increased, in one case, after hyperventilation. Both patients were alert and conscious. One had a long history of narcotic abuse, but had no other neurological or respiratory abnormality. Another had been deaf and mute since an episode of meningitis in childhood and had had apneusis for over 35 years, but suffered no other neurological abnormality. These unusual features suggest that the pathogenic mechanisms for apneusis are not the same in experimental models and patients. PMID- 708173 TI - A composite analysis of renin classification methods. AB - We investigated the possibility that variability in classification of patients with essential hypertension into low, normal, or high renin activity subgroups depends on the subject preparation that precedes the measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA). In 47 essential hypertensives, PRA was measured with patients supine and ambulatory who were receiving both an unrestricted dietray sodium intake and a low sodium diet. Additionally, PRA was determined following salt restriction, oral furosemide therapy, and ambulation. These results were compared, using several analytical techniques, to those of a group of age-, race , and sex-matched normotensive controls. Extreme variability in classification was the rule, with only 28% of patients consistently classified as having normal PRA. No single approach provided maximal detection of both the low and high renin states. We conclude that renin classification of hypertensive patients requires a matched control population and that subtyping appears to be variable depending on diet, posture, and analytical approach. PMID- 708174 TI - Leukopenia in anorexia nervosa. Lack of increased risk of infection. AB - To determine whether patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and leukopenia have an increased risk of infection, we reviewed the incidence of leukopenia and infection in 68 cases of AN and studied the mechanism of profound neutropenia in one. Compared with controls, patients with AN had substantially lower total leukocyte counts and absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. Despite frequent and often severe panleukopenia, the patients with AN had no more infections than did the control subjects. The patient with severe neutropenia ahd a hypocellular bone marrow biopsy specimen showing relative myeloid hyperplasia, normal distribution of neutrophils between the marginal and circulating pools, and normal bone marrow neutrophil reserves as estimated by response to hydrocortisone sodium succinate. We conclude that patients uith AN and associated leukopenia do not have increased infection propensity. PMID- 708175 TI - Use of diuretics in treatment of hypertension secondary to renal disease. AB - Eleven patients with hypertension secondary to renal disease were treated with hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide plus other drugs to normalize blood pressure. Creatinine clearance fell during the initial treatment period, but then either remained constant or rose toward pretreatment levels in spite of continued therapy. Plasma renin activity was low-normal to subnormal in eight of the 11 patients prior to therapy and did not rise significantly with therapy. Aldosterone excretion was within the normal range prior to treatment and remained normal or increased moderately with treatment. This study demonstrates that diuretics effectively reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension secondary to renal disease without producing severe volume depletion or clinically significant reduction in renal function. The low renin levels are consistent with other evidence that hypertension in these patients is related to salt and water retention. PMID- 708176 TI - ECG diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with pacemakers. AB - Ventricular pacing may mimic or obscure the Q waves of myocardial infarcton. Although ST-T changes may occur for other reasons, their presence should alert the physician to the possibility of acute infarction. QRS complexes may be evaluated for infarction if supraventricular beats without left bundle-branch block occur prematurely, as part of a supraventricular tachycardia or as escape beats after inhibition of the articifial pacemaker. PMID- 708177 TI - Rhabdomyolysis and acute myoglobinuric renal failure. Complications of inferior vena cava ligation. AB - A 50-year-old man underwent inferior vena cava ligation because of repeated pulmonary emboli despite adequate heparin therapy. His immediate postoperative course was complicated by the development of massive edema in the lower extremities, leading to a compromised arterial blood flow with the resulting ischemic myopathy and acute myoglobinuric renal failrue. Although massive pooling of body fluids in the lower extremities with fatal consequences has been reported as an immediate complication of the sudden mechanical obstruction of the venous return, to our knowledge this is the first case of myoglobinuric acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis reported in association with inferior vena cava ligation. PMID- 708178 TI - Primary hypothyroidism and pituitary enlargement. Radiological evidence of pituitary regression. AB - A patient with primary hypothyroidism and pituitary gland enlargement was studies extensively before and after replacement therapy with levothyroxine sodium. She had evidence of bulging of the diaphragma sellae and increased serum prolactin levels. Thyroid replacement therapy resulted in regression of the pituitary size, as shown on pneumoencephalogram, but mildly elevated serum prolactin levels persisted. PMID- 708179 TI - Aplastic anemia associated with type B viral hepatitis. AB - Aplastic anemia is a recognized complication of viral hepatitis, but, to our knowledge, no cases associated with type B hepatitis have been described. We report the case of a patient who developed severe aplastic anemia very early in the course of infection with hepatitis B virus. PMID- 708180 TI - Thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities and ABO blood type. AB - Of 86 medical patients with a hospital discharge diagnosis of thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity, 70 (81%) were of blood type A,B, or AB (non-O). Of the 344 reference patients matched for age, sex, and country, 187 (54%) were of non-O blood type. The estimate of risk ratio of non-O blood type patients to O blood type patients was 3.7 with 90% confidence limits 2.3 and 6.0. The association between non-O blood type and thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity was strongest among the younger patients and women. PMID- 708181 TI - The 12-lead electrocardiogram in exercise testing. A misleading baseline? AB - Mason and Likar reported a modified ECG lead system that largely eliminates intraexercise artifact without reportedly altering the configuration of the recorded leads. This system allows continuous monitoring of all 12 leads during and after exercise and has become the standard by which other systems are compared. We have found, however, that important changes may be seen between the baseline exercise ECG using the Mason-Likar modification and a simultaneous standard ECG. While these differences do not apparently affect the interpretation of the test, they may produce or obscure evidence of antecedent infarction on the baseline exercise ECG and thus preclude it from being considered interchangeable with a standard ECG. PMID- 708182 TI - Endotoxemia in typhoid fever. PMID- 708184 TI - Hospital blood bank donor room. PMID- 708183 TI - Aseptic necrosis of bone. PMID- 708185 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma in a 76-year-old woman with diffuse gingival enlargement. PMID- 708186 TI - Indirect hemagglutination with PPD in cerebrospinal fluid for the tuberculous meningoencephalitis. AB - Reliability of indirect hemagglutination test was evaluated with PPD in CSF for the diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculous meningoencephalitis. The test was positive 100 percent in 22 patients with this disease and negative in 53 patients from the control group (p = 0.001) with viral or pyogenic infection in the CNS. No correlation was observed between antibody titers and the prognosis of the disease. Modifications of the original technique are described. PMID- 708187 TI - Hepatic synthesis and albumin distribution in the primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). as demonstrated by immunofluoresce. AB - To study some of the aspects of albumin homeostasis and proteinuria in PNS, the hepatic production of albumin is analyzed using semiquantitative immunofluorescent techniques, in biopsy specimens from nine subjects, free of hepatic or renal disease and nine patients with PNS, where renal biopsies were also made. Tissue sections 0.5 millimicron thick were cut. The hepatic synthesis of albumin, interpreted by the number of cells with specific fluorescence, was much higher in patients with PNS (p less than 0.001), and kept inverse relationship with serum albumin concentrations. Numberless droplets containing albumin were observed in the renal tissue indicating intense resorption and catabolism in the luminal and basal portions of the proximal convoluted tubules. Our findings indicate that, in PNS, albumin synthesis is substantially increased and hypoalbuminemia is caused by exaggerated renal excretion and catabolism. PMID- 708188 TI - Production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal subarachnoid space of the dog. AB - The formation and absorption capacity of CSF in the isolated spinal subarachnoid space was investigated in seven dogs by using a perfussion of a solution similar to the cerebrospinal fluid labeled with I 131. It was found that there was no CSF production in the spinal canal; however, there was an important absorption rate with an average of 0.2695 ml/min when the intraspinal pressure was of 10 centimeters of water. The clinical implications of this findings are discussed. PMID- 708189 TI - [Quantitative high-pressure liquid chromatography of narcotics]. PMID- 708190 TI - [Determination of the sex origin of teeth]. PMID- 708191 TI - [Emotional killings. A criminological study based on the case Adolf D. (II)]. PMID- 708192 TI - [Current marks as an image of current-conducting parts. (Scanning-electron microscopy and x-ray-analytical examinations)]. PMID- 708193 TI - [Reconstruction of the seating order in automobile accidents]. PMID- 708194 TI - Affective disorders in a US urban community: the use of research diagnostic criteria in an epidemiological survey. AB - The current point and lifetime prevalence rates of affective disorders, based on the application of Research Diagnostic Criteria to a US urban community sample, are reported. The affective disorders studied included major and minor depression, mania, hypomania, bipolar I and II, primary and secondary depression, schizo-affective disorder, depressive and cyclothymic personality, and grief reactions. Epidemiologic surveys that include treated and untreated persons to obtain rates of specific psychiatric disorders are needed for scientific purposes and health care planning. PMID- 708195 TI - Age at onset of bipolar affective illness. AB - The age at onset of bipolar affective illness was determined for 100 males and 100 females who met the newly proposed DSM-III criteria for mania. Three different indices of onset were employed: first hospitalization, first treatment, and first apparent symptoms. A table was constructed indicating the cumulative percentage of those who became ill by the time they passed through each age quinquennium. One third were hospitalized before their 25th birthday, and at least 20% had already shown evidence of illness as adolescents. The early 20s was the peak period of onset. No manic episodes were confirmed prior to age 13, and onset after age 60 was rare. Sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status did not significantly affect age at onset. Affective illness should be given serious consideration in the differential diagnosis of mental disorders in young people. PMID- 708196 TI - Psychological functioning of bipolar manic-depressives in remission. AB - Several dimensions of psychological functioning of bipolar manic-depressives in remission were investigated. The following hypotheses were examined: (1) During remission, these individuals exhibit psychological maladjustment or a lack of positive mental health. (2) Bipolar manic-depressives are characterized by strong external orientations. The Personal Orientation Inventory, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Levenson's Internal and Powerful Others Locus of Control Scales, and the Embedded Figures Test were administered to matched groups of 35 bipolar manic-depressives and 35 normal comparison subjects. Discriminant analysis disclosed no significant differences between the two groups on measures of positive mental health and on measures of external orientation. The relationship between these results and the etiology and treatment of manic depressive disorder is briefly discussed, as well as the contradiction these findings pose to current views of this disorder pervasive among professional and lay populations. PMID- 708198 TI - Implications of monoamine oxidase inhibitor-induced hypomania. PMID- 708197 TI - Primary affective disorder, clinical state change, and MHPG excretion: a longitudinal study. AB - Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol (MHPG) excretion, which is thought to reflect CNS norepinephrine metabolism, has been shown to be significantly decreased in some depressed patients. Although there is consensus that urinary MHPG excretion varies directly with mood in rapidly cycling bipolar patients, there is little information on longer term state changes, such as those that accompany recovery from depression. Ten female patients with diagnoses of primary affective disorder were studied initially during an inpatient hospitalization and restudied at least ten months after discharge. Five healthy female comparison subjects were also studied over a similar interval of time. During the baseline period, the patient sample excreted less MHPG than did the comparison group. Improvement in clinical state from a seriously depressed baseline was associated with a significant increase in MHPG excretion, while the patients with recurrences of depression showed no change and continued to excrete less MHPG than the comparison subjects. These results suggest that urinary MHPG excretion may represent an index of psychobiological state in depressive patients. PMID- 708199 TI - Data do not always speak for themselves. PMID- 708200 TI - [Phosphoric esters of adamantanols, adamantanethiols, adamantyl alcohols and their alkyl derivatives, III: Surface activity and bacteriological tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 708201 TI - ["Inverse" Diels-Alder additions, VII: pi-Electron rich heteroaromatic compounds as "inverse" dienophiles (author's transl)]. PMID- 708202 TI - [NMR-spectroscopy of heterocyclic compounds, V: 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry of N-substituted (2-methoxyethyl)- and (2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazoles (author's transl)]. PMID- 708203 TI - [Chiral pyrazolidinediones, III: 4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazolidinedione (author's transl)]. PMID- 708205 TI - [Conversion of isofuranodiene to germacranolids (author's transl)]. PMID- 708204 TI - [2-phenylquinoline derivatives with antiinflammatoric activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 708207 TI - [Reactions of pentadienones, XVII: -Synthesis of substituted thiane derivatives by double addition reactions (author's transl)]. PMID- 708206 TI - [On the polymorphism of drugs: medrogestone, phensuximide and protionamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 708208 TI - [Antimycotic agents. 7. Nuclear substituted N-(1-adamantyl)-N'-phenylthiourea derivatives]. PMID- 708209 TI - [The formation of nitrosamine from drugs, III: quantitative determination of N nitrosodimethylamine formed from promethazine and nitrite (author's transl)]. PMID- 708210 TI - [Thalidomide analogs. 10. Transplacental distribution kinetics of biglumide in the mouse]. PMID- 708211 TI - ["Inverse" Diels-Alder additions, VIII: azepines as "inverse" dienophiles (author's transl)]. PMID- 708212 TI - Syntheses of some derivatives of dopamine. PMID- 708213 TI - [Octahydro(1)thiopyrano(4,3-b)(1,5)benzodiazepines (author's transl)]. PMID- 708214 TI - [Vincamine N4-mononitrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 708215 TI - [Acylation of compounds forming hydroxylamine-hydroxynitrone equilibria, I (author's transl)]. PMID- 708216 TI - [Autoradiographic findings in cerebrospinal fluid cells (author's transl)]. AB - The report concerns the results of autoradiographic studies of cerebrospinal fluid cells. We investigated pleocytosis in cases of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, hemorrhage in the cerebrospinal fluid space, brain tumor and hemoblastosis, as well as in cases of undefined neurologic disease. Cerebrospinal fluid was incubated with tritiated thymidine. The results show that tumor cells have the highest labeling index and monocytes the lowest. Cells from primary brain tumors incorporate tritiated thymidine more rarely and less intensely than cells from cerebral metastases. Lymphocytes from inflammatory disease in infants may demonstrate a high labeling index. PMID- 708217 TI - [Cerebral and blood flow and cerebral blood volume in communicating hydrocephalus (author's transl)]. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were estimated in patients with communicating hydrocephalus, arteriosclerotic and presenile dementia. In all groups ischemic patterns were detected which did not allow any differential diagnostic separation between the patients. In some patients with communicating hydrocephalus reduction of cerebrospinal fluid pressure by lumbar puncture or ventriculoperipheral shunt respectively resulted in increase of rCBF and rCBV. This was not achieved in the other patients with dementia. Predominantly areas with ischemic flow values gained profit from reduction of CSF pressure. This was interpreted as a sign of regional damage to the autoregulation. PMID- 708218 TI - Blink reflex in facial-hypoglossal anastomosis. AB - The blink reflex was investigated in two patients after a facial-hypoglossal anastomosis had been performed. In each case the first component of the blink reflex could be demonstrated with normal latency on the operated side after ipsilateral supraorbital stimulation. These findings give further evidence that the first component of the blink reflex is not monosynaptic in nature. The second component of the blink reflex was distinctly retarded in the first case and was not seen at all in the second case. The second component of the blink reflex is influenced strongly by alteration of the intrabulbar and efferent part of the reflex circuits; it shows some correlation with voluntary motor activity. PMID- 708219 TI - Kraepelin-oriented research-diagnosable schizophrenia, mania, and depression in Schneider-negative schizophrenics. AB - The rigorous neo-Kraepelinean research criteria of the St. Louis/Iowa and Taylor groups were applied to case record data of 116 first admissions of Schneider negative schizophrenics--that is, those without first-rank symptoms (FRSs)- hospitalized in a strongly Schneider-oriented German University Psychiatric Clinic from 1962 to 1971. This sample had a total of 45.7% (53 cases) of psychiatric illness diagnosable by research methods. Indeed, only 31% (36 cases) of Schneider-negative schizophrenics turned out to have research-positive Kraepelin-oriented schizophrenia; and of these, 21 fulfilled both sets of research criteria for schizophrenia. It is important that 14.6% (17 cases) of Schneider-negative schizophrenia consisted of research-diagnosable affective disorder, with mania making up 5.2% and depression 9.4% of this figure. The findings suggest that a sample of Schneider-oriented schizophrenia without FRSs as routinely diagnosed in Germany does not seem to represent a clear-cut homogeneous and 'uncontaminated' group of schizophrenics. PMID- 708220 TI - [Focal migraine attacks without headaches (author's transl)]. AB - The migraine without headaches is a special form of focal migraine, a migraine accompagnee without headaches. The diagnostic classification of the transient focal disturbances is made possible by careful analysis of the attacks. This type of attack starts in a localized manner (primarily in the ophthalmic area), develops corresponding to the cortical representation, and is not always restricted to one vascular area. Typical is the slow spread of symptoms over a period of ten minutes, on the average. This allows a differentiation from transient ischemic attacks or focal epilepsy. The diagnosis is supported by hereditary factors, early onset of manifestation and change of the side of focal symptoms (in 11 of 16 patients). Of 409 migraine patients, 16 were such cases, corresponding to an occurrence of 4%. There were no signs of symptomatic etiology for these transient focal disturbances. PMID- 708221 TI - [Readability of words as a function of their parts of speech in aphasics. A contribution to the definition of anomia (author's transl)]. AB - Definitions of anomia as a symptom of aphasia have been classified into three categories. Some frequently cited experimental studies designed to establish a rank order of difficulty for parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs) have been briefly evaluated. An experiment has been conducted with 18 mild adult aphasics who were required to read lists of words which were controlled with respect to length, frequency of occurrence and part of speech. The results show that the linguistic category of part of speech has a highly significant influence on readability. Nouns are easier to read than adjectives and these easier than verbs. This finding does not necessarily contradict many definitions of anomia, though it calls into question the validity of many widely accepted interpretations. The results were explained in terms of phrase structure and dependence grammars. PMID- 708222 TI - [Cytology, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase in CSF in mild head injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Cytology, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase in cerebrospinal fluid were investigated 6-72h after mild head injuries in 59 patients aged 16-49 years. Significant differences were not found in creatine kinase. Lactate dehydrogenase, however, was significantly more elevated in mild cerebral contusions compared with concussions 24h after head injury. Monocytoid reaction in cerebrospinal fluid was significantly more distinct in mild contusions compared with concussions 24h after impact. Large phagocytes were rarely found in concussions and were not traceable 48h after impact. Large phagocytes, however, were found in 50-55% of the mild contusions 48-72h after head injury. Siderophages were found only in contusions (16.5-35%), 48-72h after impact). The optimal time for lumbar punction is 24h after head injury. PMID- 708223 TI - [Neuroradiological diagnosis and treatment of dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae (author's transl)]. AB - The neuroradiological diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in seven patients with nine dural fistulae between distal branches of the external carotid artery and the cavernous sinus is described. All patients had proptosis, signs of increased orbital venous pressure, and different degrees of pareses of the ocular muscles. During the diagnostic investigations selective angiographies of the internal and external carotid arteries and of the vertebral arteries were performed on both sides in order to exclude or to demonstrate branches of these vessels supplying the shunts. Subsequently those branches of the external carotid arteries feeding the fistulae were angiographied superselectively and embolized by repeated Gelfoam-injections during this same examination. Finally, the embolization of the shunts was proved by control angiographies in all cases. Following embolization, a pulse-synchronous bruit preexisting in four patients had disappeared. In all patients there was a complete remission of proptosis, signs of increased orbital venous pressure and blepharoedema within 2 weeks, and of the pareses of the ocular muscles within 4 to 6 weeks. After periodical control examinations at intervals of 4 to 6 weeks and during a period of 6 to 15 months none of the patients showed neurological deficits or signs of recurrence of the embolized fistulae. Superselective angiography and simultaneous embolization of dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae is therefore proposed as the current therapeutic procedure of choice for the treatment of these vascular malformations. PMID- 708224 TI - Voluntary lid closing inability. Release of a compulsive reaction to the exploration of the environment. AB - Voluntary lid closing inability has been observed in two patients with right sided frontal ischemic damage. The patients developed a transient inability to close their eyelids voluntarily at the same time as a transient forced grasping in the left hand and left hemiparesis not affecting the face. Automatic and reflex lid closures were retained as well as the ability to keep the eyes closed and to reopen them readily on command. In previous reports, inability to close eyelids voluntarily has been attributed to apraxia, paralysis, or motor impersistence. The localization of the lesion observed in our patients suggests other pathogenetic hypotheses similar to compulsive gaze [19]. It is conceivable that the voluntary lid closing inability produced by frontal lobe lesions is due to the release of a compulsion to maintain the lids elevated in the waking state, because of the overactive effect of the visual stimuli. PMID- 708226 TI - Aneurysmal rupture during angiography. AB - A case of rupture, during angiography, of a right middle cerebral artery aneurysm with profuse hemorrhage into the subarachnoidal space is presented. Bleeding must have started between the two injections for the frontal and for the lateral carotidograms. The aneurysm that ruptured two days after a closed cerebral trauma was probably traumatic in origin. PMID- 708225 TI - [Investigations of the plasma cortisol in psychiatric diagnostic groups (author's transl)]. AB - In 23 endogenous depressives, 24 schizophrenics, 15 manics, 23 depressed neurotics, 23 nondepressed neurotics and 29 nonpsychiatric patients as controls, the plasma cortisol in the morning (7:30 a.m.) and the evening (7:30 p.m.) was measured with radioimmunoassay. Comparing the means of the groups, significant differences were found. In the morning the means of the nondepressed neurotics ( x = 16.6 microgram/100 ml), the endogenous depressives (-x = 14.8 microgram/100 ml), and the depressed neurotics (-x = 14.4 microgram/100 ml) are greater than that of the controls (-x = 10.0 microgram/100 ml). In the evening the means of the nondepressed neurotics (-x = 8.8 microgram/100 ml), the manics (-x = 6.4 microgram/100 ml), and the endogenous depressives (-x = 7.0 microgram/100 ml) are greater than that of the controls (-x = 3.6 microgram/100 ml); also, the mean of the nondepressed neurotics (-x = 8.8 microgram/100 ml) is greater than those of the depressped neurotics (-x = 4.9 microgram/100 ml) and the schizophrenics (-x = 4.4 microgram/100 ml). The results are compared with the literature. The interpretation of the findings is problematic: probably unspecific factors of stress and specific factors of illness--at least in depressive illness of the endogenomorphic type--are relevant. PMID- 708227 TI - The course of affective disorders. I. Change of diagnosis of monopolar, unipolar, and bipolar illness. AB - All patients suffering from affective psychoses (ICD 296) who were admitted to the Psychiatric University Clinic of Zurich between 1959 and 1963 were studied in a follow-up investigation until 1975. Of 254 affective psychoses, 95 were bipolar patients (37.4%) and 159 were monopolar (62.6%). The sample of bipolar patients was complemented with all patients who had been admitted in the period 1959--1963 because of manic or mixed manic-depressive syndromes. This paper describes the change of diagnosis in the two diagnostic groups. In 10% (N = 20) of monopolar depression cases there was a change of diagnosis to bipolar affective illness. An analysis shows that the diagnosis of patients with three or more depressive episodes (unipolar depressives) was especially prone to change. A mathematical correction of some diagnostic errors leads to the conclusion that the ratio of unipolar depression to bipolar illness may be about 1:1. A major source of diagnostic error lies in the change of affective to schizo-affective illness. Up to now, no clinical criterion exists that would exclude this error, which was found in 6% (n=12) of the monopolar but also in 7.5% (n = 3) of the bipolar index patients. It is recommended that studies of affective disorders should be based on truly representative samples of the illness, including patients with one or two episodes, and that the term 'unipolar depression' be used synonymously with the term 'monopolar depression,' originally created by Kleist (1947) and Leonhard (1957). PMID- 708228 TI - The course of affective disorders. II. Typology of bipolar manic-depressive illness. AB - A representative sample of 95 hospitalized bipolar manic-depressive patients was followed up from 1959 to 1975. The mean age of the group at the time of this study was 61 years. It was observed that female bipolar patients demonstrate depression much more frequently than mania, while male patients show a symmetric distribution of both manic and depressive syndromes. The longitudinal occurrence of syndromes remains more or less constant; for instance, individual patients do not tend to go into depression with increasing age. The study shows that even after three episodes 29% of all bipolar patients would still have been misdiagnosed as unipolar depression. An attempt is made to classify bipolar patients into three subtypes, 'preponderantly manic,' 'preponderantly depressed,' and a 'nuclear' type. Male patients belong mainly to the latter with an equal proportion of the first and third subtype. In contrast, female patients belong mainly to the depressed subtype. The findings are discussed assuming either a heterogeneity of bipolar disorders or a threshold model of affective disorders suggested by Gershon et al. (1976). PMID- 708229 TI - Marchiafava-Bignami disease. First case in germany. AB - The first case of Marchiafava-Bignami disease in a German is reported. The female patient was a heavy drinker and died after a fortnight of coma. Necropsy showed a typical degeneration of the corpus callosum and of the subcortical white matter of the right cerebral hemisphere. Furthermore, this case is the fourth of the cases of Marchiafava-Bignami disease in a woman described up to now. PMID- 708231 TI - Staging laparotomy. PMID- 708230 TI - Emergency medical services categorization and regionalization: an accomplished fact. PMID- 708232 TI - Serum pepsinogen I, serum gastrin, and gastric acid output in postoperative recurrent peptic ulcer. PMID- 708233 TI - Spatial distribution of colonic carcinoma. AB - During the past several decades, there has been a shift in the distribution of colorectal cancer toward the right side, with an increase in colon lesions on the right side and a marked decrease in rectal lesions. In 1,009 cases studied between 1966 and 1977, this change in distribution pattern is illustrated. A revision of widespread current concepts of colonic cancer detection is indicated. PMID- 708234 TI - Management of the appendiceal mass. AB - The records of forty-three patients with clinically diagnosed appendiceal abscess were reviewed to compare operative vs nonoperative therapy. Thirteen patients were operated on shortly after admission. Eleven of these had appendectomy or drainage of an abscess; two patients had right hemicolectomy. There were no serious complications, and median hospitalization was 7.2 days. Thirty patients were initially treated nonoperatively. Twenty-six of these did well and were discharged a median of 11 days after admission. Four patients required operations for failure to respond. One patient died of a pulmonary embolism. Four patients returned with recurrent appendicitis and underwent appendectomy. Three patients were later found to have other disease processes. Good results can be obtained with either form of therapy. Patients not operated on should be examined to exclude lesions masquerading as appendiceal abscesses. PMID- 708235 TI - Acute cholecystitis in the elderly: a surgical emergency. AB - A retrospective review of 88 male patients older than 60 years of age with billiary tract disease showed a mortality of 6.8%. More than 40% of the patients (39 of 88) had acute cholecystitis. Medical therapy failed for almost all of the patients (38 of 39) with acute inflammatory disease and they then required an operation during their initial hospitalization. In this acute disease group, 21% had empyema of the gallbladder, 18% had gangrenous cholecystitis or free perforation of the gallbladder, and 15% had subphrenic or liver abscesses. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were obtained from 78% of the bile cultures, and obligate anaerobes were present in 25% of them. A delay in diagnosis and operation occurred in 33% of the patients with acute disease. Factors responsible for this delay included a deceptively benign clinical presentation and the requirement for prolonged resuscitation. Since response to conservative measures is unlikely in the elderly patient with acute cholecystitis, optimal management consists of resuscitation and prompt operation for control of infection. PMID- 708236 TI - Management of major arteriovenous fistulas by arteriographic techniques. AB - Five patients with major symptomatic arteriovenous fistulas were treated between July 1976 and December 1977. In two patients the fistulas were due to trauma; in two others, malignant neoplasms; and in one patient, congenital angiodysplasia. The anatomic location or extent of each arteriovenous fistula would have made direct surgical access to the fistula sites difficult; therefore, it was elected to use arteriographic embolization techniques to attempt definitve obliteration of the fistulas. Wool-tufted wire coli emboli were used in three patients and gelatin sponge-autologous blood clot was used in two patients. These were precisely embolized to the fistula site by superselective catheterization of the feeding artery. Complete obliteration of the fistulas was achieved in each case with no morbidity. Follow-up clinical and ateriographic examination confirmed persistence of fistula closure. PMID- 708237 TI - Salmonella arteritis: a precursor of aortic rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation. AB - Salmonella arteritis developed in three patients with subsequent arterial rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation. They had a one- to two-week history of chills and fever, and blood cultures were positive for salmonella. Pulsatile, tender abdominal masses developed in two patients with aortic infection while they were hospitalized. The third patient's femoral artery infection presented as a painful swelling behind the knee. Arteriography demonstrated large vessel rupture with pseudoaneurysm formation and allowed a planned operation in each case. The infected aortic aneurysms were totally excised, the aortic stump oversewn, and the retroperitoneum drained through the flank. Axillobifemoral grafts were constructed to bypass the infection area. Antibiotics effective against salmonella (ampicillin sodium, amoxicillin trihydrate, or chloramphenicol) were given for six weeks postoperatively. Allthree patients are alive without evidence of furhter infection. Recognition that microbial arteritis may be a complication of salmonella infections, particularly when Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium are cultured, will lead to earlier detection of vascular lesions. PMID- 708238 TI - Poststress Doppler ankle pressures: a comparison of treadmill exercise with two other methods of induced hyperemia. AB - Postocclusion reactive hyperemia and isolated leg exercise were evaluated as techniques for functional evaluation of lower extremity arterial insufficiency by comparing them with treadmill exercise. Sixty patients with claudication and six normal subjects were evaluated. Changes in Doppler ankle pressures were measured after each form of stress. With substantial occlusive disease, there is a drop in pressure with gradual recovery. Postocclusion reactive hyperemia and isolated leg exercise are abnormal if the pressure does not return to resting levels within two minutes. There was good correlation between the three methods. Postocclusion reactive hyperemia avoids the problems of patient cooperation inherent in the other two methods. Postocclusion reactive hyperemia should probably replace treadmill exercise as the first method of stress testing lower extremities. PMID- 708239 TI - Patency of biologic and prosthetic inferior vena cava grafts with distal limb fistula. AB - A 5-cm segment of the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) in 27 dogs was excised and replaced with a prosthesis of bovine heterograft, venous allograft, or polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). On completion of the IVC graft, a side-to-side femoral arteriovenous fistula was constructed in the thigh. At six weeks an IVC venogram was obtained to assess patency and the femoral arteriovenous fistula closed. After three months, the dogs were reexplored, the grafts were removed, and patency was determined. Patency of the venous allograft and bovine heterografts were maintained with the arteriovenous fistula in only two dogs and further deteriorated after closure of the fistula so that only one dog in each group had a patent IVC graft at the end of three months. Eight of the 13 e-PTFE prostheses were patent at six weeks and remained patent for three months after fistula closure. Light and electron microscopy of the patent e-PTFE specimens excised at three months showed regenerative endothelium. Expanded e-PTFE was the most suitable prostheses for replacement of the IVC, resulting in 61% patency three months after closure of a distal arteriovenous femoral fistula. PMID- 708240 TI - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon. AB - Psuedo-obstruction of the colon is a potentially lethal condition. The diagnosis should be suspected in a patient with derangement of a major extra-abdominal organ system in whom abdominal distention develops. Diagnosis is established by plain abdominal roentgenograms, signoidoscopy, and barium enema examination. The salient features of these examinations are as follows: (1) massive gaseous distention of the cecum and variable distances of the distal colon to a "cut-off point"; (2) lack of fluid-filled colon; (3) normal sigmoidoscopy; and (4) barium enema examination, which rules out mechanical obstruction, volvulus, and mesenteric vascular ischemia. If the diameter of the cecum is less than 12 cm, conservative therapy is indicated but persistence of the distention or cecal diameter greater than 12 cm is an absolute indication for cecostomy. Perforation must be treated by cecostomy or colectomy depending on the amount of colon necrosis. PMID- 708241 TI - Cardiac function and hypercarbia. AB - In 12 patients with heart disease, hypercarbia was induced for carotid endarterectomy. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen and methoxyflurane. In addition to intra-arterial measurements of blood pressure, cardiac output, systolic time intervals (STI), and pressure time indices (PTI) were determined in order to assess cardiovascular responses in these patients. Internal carotid stump blood pressure was measured in five patients before and after induction of hypercarbia. Mild elevation of the Paco2 level affected systolic time intervals but not heart rate and blood pressure. When Paco2 levels reached 56 to 65 torr, systolic but not diastolic blood pressure rose significantly, heart rate and cardiac output increased, while the shortening in the preejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and the decrease in the PEP/LVET ratio signified increased mechanical cardiac activity. Hypercarbia caused intense sympathetic stimulation as demonstrated by twofold to threefold increases in plasma catecholamine levels. Stump blood pressure was elevated. Cardiac oxygen demand was significantly increased, while coronary filling time was shortened, as indicated by the increase in the tension time index and shortening in the diastolic time. This signified a relative myocardial underperfusion. Thus, while hypercarbia to levels of 66 to 70 torr increased internal carotid artery stump pressure, it also caused increased cardiac mechanical activity and concomitant unfavorable balance between myocardial oxygen consumption and supply. The measurement of STI and the computation of PTI provided early detection of alterations in cardiac function. PMID- 708243 TI - Closure of an acute perforated peptic ulcer with the falciform ligament. AB - When management of a perforated peptic ulcer necessitates simple closure, the omentum may not be of adequate quality to buttress such a closure. In this unusual circunstance, we have found the falciform ligament to serve as an effective alternative to satisfactorily peptic perforations. PMID- 708242 TI - Primary carcinoma of the cystic duct. AB - We described a case of primary carcinoma of the cystic duct that conforms to previously established criteria. To our knowledge, this is the 21st recorded case; it was accidentally discovered during cholecystectomy. The features of all 21 cases are reviewed. Since these tumors tend to be treated surgically at an early stage because of the relatively early developement of clinical symptoms, such as right upper abdominal pain and palpable mass, caused by the obstruction of the cystic duct, the prognosis is better than that of other extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas. PMID- 708244 TI - Late results of atrial septal defect repair in adults. AB - Repair of secundum atrial septal defects in 75 patients older than age 40 years was associated with a good long-term result, from five to 21 years postoperatively, in 89% of patients who were class I and II preoperatively and in 86% of those in normal sinus rhythm preoperatively. Functional class III or IV, atrial fibrillation, a higher pulmonary artery mean pressure and higher pulmonary vascular resistance affected the prognosis adversely. Repair of atrial septal defect in adults did not reverse existing atrial fibrillation and did not protect against the onset of new atrial fibrillation. PMID- 708245 TI - Congenital aortic stenosis: ten to 22 years after valvulotomy. AB - Between 1956 and 1967, 34 patients, aged 2 months to 40 years, underwent aortic valvulotomy under hypothermia for congenital aortic stenosis. There were two early and five late deaths. Twenty-seven patients were followed up for a mean of 15 years. Thirteen patients had no subsequent operation: 11 are asymptomatic, seven with mild aortic insufficiency. Ten patients have had aortic valve replacement (AVR), one revalvulotomy, three will require AVR. Three late deaths were sudden. The literature has been reviewed for data on mortality, endocarditis, aortic insufficiency, and reoperation. Operation improves longevity, but does not restore it to normal. Aortic valve replacement in children carries a poor prognosis, possibly reflecting severity of disease. The chances of reoperation after ten years are 20% to 40%. Valvulotomy must, therefore, be regarded as the first in a possibly lifelong series of operations. PMID- 708246 TI - Hemodynamic and angiographic guidelines in selection of patients for femorofemoral bypass. AB - Although crossover femorofemoral grafts have had good long-term patency, all patients have not been symptomatically improved. Seventy-one patients underwent 80 femorofemoral bypasses from 1968 to 1978. Hemodynamic assessment included preoperative and postoperative segmental Doppler pressures and femoral artery waveform recordings. Preoperative and selective postoperative arteriography was routinely performed. Twenty-nine failures occurred predominantely in two groups, those with greater than 50% stenosis of the donor iliac artery and those with severe recipient limb outflow occlusive disease. Ten patients with normal outflow beds bilaterally associated with 10% to 50% stenosis of the donor iliac artery underwent successful femorofemoral reconstruction. Progression of donor iliac artery disease was seen in only two patients. Cumulative five-year patency was 74%. Operative mortality totaled three (3.8%). This study supports the use of femorofemoral bypass as a primary procedure when proper guidelines are used. PMID- 708247 TI - Comparison of caval filters in the management of venous thromboembolism. AB - Over a seven-year period, 38 Mobin-Uddin MU and 33 Kim-Ray Greenfield KG vena cava filters were inserted in 71 patients with no substantial complications or deaths directly related to the surgical procedure. Thirteen of the 16 early deaths were due to progression of associated diseases. The remaining three deaths were caused by pulmonary emboli and occurred in each instance after insertion of a MU filter. None of the 14 late deaths were related to the caval filter or sequellae of venous thrombosis. Inferior vena cava patency was objectively assessed in 36 patients by cavagram (22) or autopsy (14). Caval patency of 95% (18 of 19) in those with KG filters was significantly greater than the 47% patency (eight of 17) seen with MU devices (P less than .01). Gray scale ultrasound, when successful in visualizing the vena cava, was found to be a reliable indicator of patency. Venous stasis phenomena were noted in 50% of those with a patent cava and in 70% of those with an occlusion. Thus, it is not surprising that edema was found in only 38% of the patients as compared with 75% of the patients with the MU filter. Both of these devices are safe to insert. However, on the basis of superior patency rate, lower incidence of stasis phenomena, and the absence of recurrent pulmonary emboli in our series, we prefer insertion of a KG filter when caval interruption is required. PMID- 708248 TI - Ex vivo renal artery reconstruction. AB - Twenty-four patients underwent ex vivo renal artery reconstruction of 26 extensive lesions using continuous hypothermic perfusion and replacement of the diseased renal artery with a hypogastric artery autograft. Postoperative acute tubular necrosis was avoided in these repaired kidneys. There was one postoperative graft occlusion accounting for the only failure in the series. Of the hypertensive patients, 95% were cured or improved during the follow-up period extending from six months to six years. Six of these patients have been followed more than three years and late postoperative arteriograms showed no alteration in their autografts. This method, therefore, extends the potential for renal artery reconstruction to most renal vascular lesions, reserving nephrectomy for the infarcted or severely atrophic kidney only. PMID- 708249 TI - Ultrastructure of medial smooth muscle and myofibroblasts in human arterial dysplasia. AB - Ultrastructural characteristics of 20 dysplastic human renal arteries were documented. Loss of smooth muscle with collection of fibrous connective tissue predominated in medical fibrodysplasia, whereas excessive accumulations of elastic fibrils typified perimedial dysplasia. Myofibroblasts were a unique feature of both forms of arterial dysplasia. These modified smooth muscle cells seemed to be the source of abnormal connective tissue synthesis. Transformation of medial smooth muscle cells to myofibroblasts represented a morphologic continuum. Intramedial vasa vasorum were often isolated from surrounding cellular elements by unusual amounts of mural ground substances. The results of this study lend further support to the hypothesis that ischemia and direct physical forces effect hormonally altered cells in the pathogenesis of arterial dysplasia. PMID- 708250 TI - Isolated aneurysms of the iliac artery. AB - Clinical and diagnostic material were gathered from eight cases of iliac aneurysms encountered over a ten-year period. From the literature, descriptions of 36 lesions were also reviewed to identify their outcome when treated conservatively. Six of the eight aneurysms treated as expected resulted in eventual rupture. Although 48% of all patients (those in the present series and those reported in the literature) had symptoms before rupture, the symptoms of intact iliac aneurysms often mimicked urological or neurological diseases. In contrast to persons with abdominal aortic aneurysms, only 36% of all patients had a palpable abdominal or rectal mass before rupture. In 65% of all cases, noninvasive roentgenography failed to show the lesions. An aneurysmal lesion was often (23%) present in the opposite iliac system as well. Ninety-three percent of all patients survived after an elective operation, but only 48% survived after an emergency iliac aneurysmectomy after rupture occurred. PMID- 708251 TI - Effect of arterial reconstruction on limb salvage: a ten-year appraisal. AB - Two hundred forty-four consecutive patients were reviewed who presented themselves over a ten-year period (1967 to 1977) with threatened limb loss secondary to arteriosclerosis involving the arteries supplying the lower extremities. Patients with claudication as the presenting complaint were not included. Primary amputation was performed in 14 patients (6%), with an operative mortality of 21%, whereas arterial reconstructive surgery was carried out in 230 patients (94%) with an operative mortality of 2.7% One hundred eleven femoral popliteal vein grafts in 101 patients showed a cumulative five-year graft patency of 78% with a limb salvage rate of 73%. Twenty-eight femoral-femoral grafts and 21 axillary-bilateral femoral grafts yielded five-year graft patency rates of 91% and 77%, respectively: the limb salvage rates were 91% and 86%. Inclusive of the 14 patients undergoing primary amputation, the overall five-year cumulative limb salvage in the entire group was 76%. PMID- 708252 TI - Diagnosis of peripheral occlusive disease: comparison of clinical evaluation and noninvasive laboratory. AB - One hundred and two patients with peripheral vascular disease were evaluated by the attending surgeon, residents and students, and the vascular laboratory prior to arteriography to test their ability to make a correct anatomic diagnosis. The attending surgeons made a correct anatomic diagnosis in 98 patients and were at least partially correct in the other four. Surgical housestaff and students were 62% totally correct, 35% partially correct, and 3% totally wrong. The vascular laboratory results were almost identical with the attending surgeon, but two patients could not be evaluated because of calcified arteries. The operation that was eventually performed was suggested initially by the laboratory and the attending surgeon in 98% of the patients. PMID- 708253 TI - Improved treatment of popliteal arterial injuries using anticoagulation and extra anatomic reconstruction. AB - Management of popliteal arterial injuries remains a challenging problem. Early recognition and treatment, arteriography, fasciotomy, and repair of concomitant popliteal venous injuries are modalities that have contributed to improved results. Systemic heparin sodium anticoagulation and selected extra-anatomic vein graft bypass of the popliteal area are two additional measures that have contributed to a 91% success rate in treatment of popliteal arterial injuries and five of six blunt injuries were treated successfully in this time period. A limb salvage rate of only 46% was attained in the previous five-year period. There were no operative deaths. No complications attributable to systemic anticoagulation or extra-anatomic bypass graft occurred. These adjuncts are recommended to all who manage vascular injuries. PMID- 708254 TI - Selected therapy for ascending aortic aneurysms. AB - Since 1971, ten patients, 26 to 62 years of age, have undergone repair of ascending aortic aneurysms with concomitant aortic insufficiency. Three patients had Marfan's syndrome, five patients had cystic medial necrosis, one had leutic aortitis, and one had atherosclerotic involvement of the aorta. There was one operative death. Follow-up exceeds seven years. Because of the tendency for progressive annular and sinus dilation in Marfan's syndrome, composite graft and valve conduits with reimplantation of the coronary arteries is the procedure of choice. In selected patients with annulaortic ectasia, good valve tissue and no sinus dilation, bicuspidization of the valve, and replacement of the ascending aorta is indicated. The operation is generally less formidable than composite graft replacement, maintains normal coronary anatomy, and alleviates the long term risks of anticoagulation. PMID- 708255 TI - Significance of asymptomatic carotid bruits. AB - To assess the significance of the asymptomatic carotid bruit, the subsequent occurrence of symptomatic cerebrovascular insufficiency and stroke in 256 patients who had undergone operation for atherosclerosis arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities was documented during a period of two to seven years postoperatively. At the time of operation, none had had a stroke or exhibited symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency, but 60 of the 256 patients had audible carotid bruits. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated: 21 (35%( of the 60 patients with carotid bruits exhibited manifestations of cerebrovascular insufficiency, in contrast to 30 (16%) of the 196 patients without bruits. It seems that detection of an asymptomatic carotid bruit is not an innocent finding, but rather predicts a higher incidence of cerebrovascular complications than that expected on the basis of generalized atherosclerosis alone. PMID- 708256 TI - Doppler cerebrovascular examination, oculoplethysmography, and ocular pneumoplethysmography use in detection of carotid disease: a prospective clinical study. AB - To determine the comparative acccuracy of three noninvasive cerebrovascular testing systems, 72 patients underwent complete evaluation by Doppler cerebrovascular examination (DCE), oculoplethysmography (OPG-Kartchner), ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee), and angiography. Considering 60% diameter stenosis or more by angiography as a true positive finding, the noninvasive tests of the 72 patients showed the following results: DCE, two false-positive, 17 false-negative, and 53 correct with an overall accuracy of 74%; OPG-Kartchner, six false-positive, four false-negative, and 62 correct with an overall accuracy of 86%; and OPG-Gee, no false-positive, two false-negative, and 70 correct with an overall accuracy of 97%. Independent of noninvasive test results, 57 symptomatic and three asymptomatic patients were selected for carotid endarterectomy. Of these 60 patients, 55 (92%) had positive preoperative OPG-Gee tracings. Noninvasive testing is a valuable carotid endarterectomy. Although considerable carotid ulceration may be undetected by noninvasive study, it was uncommon in this series. PMID- 708257 TI - Natural history of nonstenotic, asymptomatic ulcerative lesions of the carotid artery. AB - To define the natural history of the asymptomatic, nonstenotic, ulcerative lesion involving the carotid artery bifurcation, the arteriograms and clinical course of 67 patients with 72 asymptomatic ulcerative lesions of the carotid artery were reviewed. The angiographic appearance of ulceration was classified into three groups: minimal (group A), large (group B), and compound (group C). Using life table methods, the clinical course of these patients was compared between groups and was also compared to a nonrandomized surgically treated group of patients with nonstenotic ulcerative lesions in whom operation was performed for hemispheric or monocular symptoms. There were no significant (P greater than .1) differences in mortality, but the differences in stroke incidence was highly significant (P less than .001). The annual stroke rate, averaged over seven years, was 0.4% per year for group A, 1.47% per year for the surgically treated group, and 12.5% per year for groups B and C. The data indicate that group A ulcers have a benign prognosis, in noticeable contrast to group B and C ulcers which incur a high risk for subsequent stroke. PMID- 708258 TI - Results of carotid endarterectomy for vertebrobasilar insufficiency: an evaluation over ten years. AB - A review was performed of 114 patients with symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) alone, or in combination with carotid territory transient ischemic attacks or carotid territory completed stroke (cCS) with follow-up extending to ten years. The most frequent symptoms of VBI were visual changes (50%), dizziness (31%), and syncope (30%). Patients with symptoms of VBI and arteriographic evidence of intracranial disease, regardless of stump pressure, are at high risk for cerebral ischemia during endarterectomy. At late follow-up, ranging from one to ten years, 63% of the patients were alive; 88% were asymptomatic. Causes of death were mainly cardiac (44%) and stroke (36%), but patients with symptoms of VBI and cCS died earlier and from a second cerebrovascular accident. When a correct preoperative diagnosis was established, carotid endarterectomy produced relief of symptoms in 90% of the patients. PMID- 708260 TI - [Digestibility and utilization of rations containing differently treated straw. 2. Energetic utilization by sheep of rations containing differently treated straw]. AB - A total of 59 complete metabolic periods of adult sheep were used to compare energy balance and energy utilization of rations containing 45, 60 and 99% of straw previously subjected to different treatments. In addition, some indices of rumen physiology were determined. The straw was fed in the following forms: chopped, chopped and treated with 6% sodium hydroxide, pelleted with and without NPN-addition (ammonium bicarbonate and/or urea) during the pelleting process. Notwithstanding pressing temperatures above 90 degrees C during compaction, the addition of NPN-compounds did not result in increased digestibility. The NaOH treatment of the straw increased the energy digestibility of the ration containing 45% straw by 5 to 6 digestibility units. All experiments revealed a higher energy balance and, consequently, a higher energy utilization than could be expected from calculations on the basis of equations derived from earlier experiments with adult sheep. The variations are discussed under the aspect of energetic feed evaluation and with regard to consequence for the efficient use of straw in rations for ruminants. PMID- 708259 TI - [Digestibility and utilization of rations containing differently treated straw. I. Digestibility by sheep of rations containing differently treated straw]. AB - During 63 digestibility periods of adult sheep, the digestibility of wheat and oat straw sujected to different kinds of treatment was compared. The straw was fed in the following forms: chopped, chopped and treated with 6% sodium hydroxide, pelleted without and with NPN-addition (ammonium bicarbonate and/or urea) during pelleting. Notwithstanding pressing temperatures over 90 degrees C and light moistening of the straw during pellet production, the addition of the two NPN-components did not allow to increase digestibility and energetic feed value. Two replications averaged an increase in energetic feed value by 42% due to NaOH-treatment. Energy digestibility went up by 39 to 55%, and energy concentration increased from 322 to 457 energetic feed equivalents (cattle) per kg DM. In addition, a number of rumen-physiological indices were obtained. PMID- 708261 TI - [Digestibility and utilization of rations containing differently treated straw. 3. Energetic utilization by fattening bulls of rations containing differently treated straw]. AB - In 136 complete metabolic periods of fattening bulls (live weight range 250 to 440 kg) comparative studies were performed on rations containing 30 to 40% straw previously subjected to different treatments. In addition, several rumen physiological and blood indices were determined. Chopped straw without and with NaOH (6%) treatment and straw pellets without and with NPN-addition (ammonium bicarbonate and/or urea) during the pelleting process were used. No significant differences were found between comparable rations as to energy digestibility. The rations containing 60% straw revealed a higher evergy balance and, consequently, a higher energy utilization than could be expected from calculations on the basis of equations derived from previous experiments with adult steers. The importance of straw as energy source for ruminant feeding is highlighted. PMID- 708262 TI - [Results of comparative studies on ammoniated straw pellets conducted in two research institutions of animal nutrition]. AB - Ammoniated straw pellets were produced from pure wheat straw in a pelleting press reaching temperatures of more than 90 degrees C, 4% NH4HCO3 being added as degradation agent. Digestibility trials with sheep gave 389 energetic feed equivalents (cattle) per kg straw dry matter. This value exactly agrees with the formula Energetic feed equivalents (cattle)/kg DM = 650 -6x x = % crude fibre in dry matter which had been reported first in 1973 by Bergner and Marienburg (Arch. Tierernahrung 23, 423 [193]) for chemically treated straw pellets. When testing the digestibility of the same straw pellets charge in the Animal Nutrition Division of the Dummerstorf-Rostock Research Centre for Livestock Production, considerably lower values were found which would allow to calculate energy concentration to amount to 310 energetic feed equivalents (cattle)/kg DM (see Arch. Tierernahrung Vol. 28, page 393). The reason for this 20% lower feed value of the straws pellets lies possibly in the reversibility of the degradation effect when using ammoniacal media. The digestibility of the straw pellets had been tested in the Berlin research Institution one year earlier than at the Rostock Institute. The possible causes of the reversibility of the ammoniacal degradation effect are discussed. PMID- 708263 TI - [Improvement of the feed value of straw by pelleting and sodium hydroxide addition. 1. Changes in the digestibility of rye and wheat straw]. AB - Four series of pelleting experiments were conducted using straw from winter rye and winter wheat crops. Pelleting was done with and without grain addition. In each of the experimental series, 7 NaOH dosage levels were tested Further, 2 to 5% urea were added to the mixture to be pelleted. The 28 different pellet batsches and untreated straw were fed to sheep to study digestibility. Evaluation by difference trial revealed that straw pelleting without NaOH addition reduces the digestibility of organic matter by 4.7 units, on the average, whilst NaOH addition was found to increase digestibility depending on the dose applied. The following relationship was found between digestibility of straw dry matter (y) and NaOH dose in g/kg straw dry matter (x): y = 43.4 + 0.358x -0.00116x2. The grain proportion proved largely inert as far as the NaOH action is concerned. In one experimental series in which wheat straw without grain addition had been compacted at high pressing temperatures, an additional disintegration effect was observed irrespective of the NaOH dose applied. It increased digestibility by 8.0 units and is very likely to originate from the specific action of urea. PMID- 708265 TI - Virulence alterations of tacaribe virus infection in adult mice: lethal model for encephalitis. AB - Selection of population of Tacaribe virus strain 11573 lethal for mice was carried out by serial intracerebral passage of the virus in adult mice. Viral populations have been characterized by determination of virulence for suckling, weanling, and adult mice, and by histopathologic changes observed in brains of adult mice after intracerebral inoculation. Some of the virus preparations produced 80 to 90 per cent mortality after two or three intracerebral passages in adult mice and maintained this virulence for 1 to 3 passages, after which the virulence rapidly declined with subsequent passages. Clinical signs of infection in adult mice were manifested by a rough hair-coat, ventriflexed posture, diminished activity, increased excitability, flaccid hind-limb extension with progressive paralysis and death. Histologic examination revealed meningoencephalitis. PMID- 708264 TI - Characterization of a Sinbis virus variant with altered host range. AB - A variant of Sindbis virus which is much more infectious for mouse cells than the standard virus has been examined for biochemical properties which might be responsible for this biological difference. The variant has a much enhanced ability to adsorb to mouse plasmacytoma (MOPC 315) cells, but when these cells were pretreated with heparin, they were able to adsorb the standard virus almost as well as the variant. This suggested that there was a surface charge difference between variant and standard virus. Differential elution of the viruses from hydroxyapatite and the results of isoelectric focusing of the virion glycoproteins substantiate this interpretation. Both viral glycoproteins E1 and E2 from the variant were more negatively charged than those of the standard virus but we were unable to find changes in tryptic peptides of the variant. Differences were found in stability of the two virus strains to heat and proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 708266 TI - Inhibitory effect of virazole (ribavirin) on the replication of tomato white necrosis virus (VNBT). AB - Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) inoculated with tomato white necrosis virus (VNBT) and treated with Virazole (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl--1, 2, 4 triazole-3-carboxamide) at a concentration of 500 mg/l developed systemic virus symptoms in only 40 per cent of the plants in which a remarkable reduction in virus concentration was also observed. From inoculated and Virazole-treated plants which had produced no symptoms, no virus could be recovered. This result suggests that Virazole may inhibit replication of VNBT in tomato. PMID- 708268 TI - Experience with the LeVeen valve shunt. PMID- 708269 TI - Hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 708267 TI - An electron microscopic study of the surface structures and hemadsorption on chick embryo cells infected with rabies virus. AB - Characteristic alterations at the surface of chick embryo cells infected with the HF-TC strain of rabies virus and the binding sites of hemadsorption were studied employing both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The initial alteration of the cell surface structure revealed by scanning electron microscopy was an appearance of elongated and reticulated microvilli on the 2nd day after virus inoculation. On the 3rd day, numerous bullet-shaped virions could be seen budding as single, tetrapod-like structures and as radial projections both from the perikarya and microvilli. Thereafter, elongation of microvilli, formation of numerous blebs in various sizes, disappearance of filopodia, and rounding up of infected cells were observed as characteristic cytopathic effects by rabies virus infection. The attachments of goose erythrocytes to the infected cells occured in two forms. The one was adsorption of erythrocytes to the cell surface involving microvilli and filopodia in the absence of detectable virus, and the other was adsorptio n of erythrocytes to the virus particles budding from cell surface. The former could be seen from the early stage of infection through the end of observation period, while the latter was observed only on and after the 3rd day after virus inoculation. These findings were also confirmed with transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 708270 TI - Genital herpes. Part II. PMID- 708271 TI - Initial studies in the development of an immunoassay to detect pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 708272 TI - Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries in infants and children. PMID- 708273 TI - The paranoid personality. PMID- 708274 TI - Histiocytosis-X Letterer-Siwe syndrome. PMID- 708275 TI - [Morphology of the thymus as an index of immunodeficient states in children]. AB - Thymus and other lymph organs were examined in 4799 dead infants and stillborns for the detection of immune deficiency conditions. Congenital immune deficiencies were found in 12 cases (11 deaths and 1 stillbirth) which made 2.5 cases per 1000. Changes in the thymus were found to be most important for the elucidation of the presence or absence of congenital defects of the immune system. Five main types of thymus changes were distinguished: agenesis, hypoplasia of the reticuloepithelium, hypoplasia of the lymphatic tissue, unscheduled fatty metamorphosis, hyperplasia of the lymphatic tissue with or without formation of follicles. A pattern of immune defect is suggested on the basis of changes in the thymus. PMID- 708276 TI - [Cytological recognition of the histological types of lymphogranulomatosis in children]. AB - Examinations of punctates and impressions of lymph nodes from 68 children with primary untreated lymphogranulomatosis permitted to develop the criteria for differential cytological diagnosis of all types and variants of lymphogranulomatosis on the basis of histogenetic analysis and clinico morphological comparisons, according to histological classification of the WHO. This proved to be possible only after it had been assumed that the original tumor cell must be a semi-stem cell of bone-marrow origin of histiocytic-reticular shoot which normally provides for physiological regeneration of reticular network of the lymph node. It appears that such a cell is a small lymphocyte-like cell with invaginated nucleus, the so-called small cleaved cell. PMID- 708277 TI - [Morphology and pathogenesis of "brain death" in stroke]. AB - The results of morphological examinations of the central nervous system and hypophysis in 15 cases of insult and "brain death" developing in patients under conditions of application of artificial lung ventilation (ALV). Isolated death of the brain was observed to be due to discontinuation of intracerebral circulation owing to a sharp increase of intracranial pressure. Morphologically, cerebral edema, necrosis of all parts of the brain without reactive changes in neuroglia and vessels, necrosis of the 1st and 2nd cervical segments of the spinal cord, necroses in adenohypophysis, zones of demarkation in the hypophysis capsule and at the level of the 3rd and 4th cervical segments of the spinal cord, and arrest of the blood stream in the brain vessels were observed. The intensity of the morphological changes was found to depend on the duration of ALV. PMID- 708278 TI - [Morphological analysis of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome as the basic disease and as a syndrome complicating ischemic heart disease]. AB - On the basis of the analysis of 8 autopsies of Mallory-Weiss syndrome macro- and microscopic changes of the gastric and oesophageal mucosa were found to be similar in Mallory-Weiss syndrome and in the same syndrome accompanying ischemic heart disease. Liver insufficiency and necrobiotic changes of the liver accompanying it are characteristic of Mallory-Weiss syndrome as a distinct disease. PMID- 708279 TI - [Proliferating myositis]. AB - A clinico-morphological analysis of 6 cases of proliferating myositis is presented. The patients varied in ages from 31 to 59 years. All the patients reported an extremely rapid growth of swellings: the period from the moment of the "tumour" detection to the operation was within 1 month, and in 4 cases 2 weeks. The main features of the microscopic structure of proliferating myositis included marked proliferation of fibroblasts and random arrangement of large cells with basophilic cytoplasm resembling rhabdomyoblasts and ganglionic cells. A detailed clinico-morphological analysis of the disease permits to differentiate proliferating myositis from similar soft tissue neoplasms (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, fibrosarcoma, extraabdominal desmoid, nodular fascitis). PMID- 708280 TI - [Embolism from the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 708281 TI - [Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma]. AB - An autopsy observation of alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the left hip muscles in a man of 66 is described. Predominantly lymphogenic metastasizing of the alveolar sarcoma was observed and two hypes of tumour cells, "dark" and "light" were distinguished. PAS-positive substances, lipids and mucus were found in the cytoplasm of the "light" cells. Histogenetically, the alveolar soft tissue sarcoma is assumed to be close to striated muscles. PMID- 708282 TI - [Sudden death syndrome in infants]. AB - The literature data on the so-called sudden death syndrome (SDS) in children are presented. Theories interpreting this condition from epidemiological, morphological, microbiological, immunological, physiological and biochemical positions are discussed. SDS is thought to be an abstract notion including various definite pathological conditions which are thus far difficult to interpret from nosological positions. A possible role of unfavourable constitutional factors in the SDS genesis, particularly under conditions of virus infection conducive to their manifestation is suggested. PMID- 708283 TI - [Thrombocyte function in acute leukemia]. AB - The literature data on the condition of the platelet part of the homeostasis in patients with acute leukemia are summarized. The importance of functional changes in blood plates in the development of hemorrhagic complications is demonstrated. In acute leukemia, the development of various platelet syndromes such as thrombasthenia, thrombocytopathy, including a deficiency of the pool of storage of athrombia is possible. PMID- 708284 TI - Partial artificial hearts: mechanical cloning of the ventricle. PMID- 708285 TI - Clinical experience with a new pulsatile assist device (PAD) during open-heart surgery. PMID- 708287 TI - A simple left heart assist device for use after intracardiac surgery: development, deployment and clinical experience. AB - A simple left heart assist device (LHAD) has been developed and employed in nineteen patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass following intracardiac surgery. It has been used when all other means of weaning, including maximum pharmacologic therapy and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC), had failed. The device utilizes specially designed and constructed obturated cannulae in the left atrium and the ascending aorta, and an extracorporeal roller pump to partially bypass the left ventricle. With improved cardiac performance, the patient may be separated from the device without need for thoracic reentry. Of the nineteen patients having LHAD support (2-500 hours), thirteen were eventually weaned from the device and seven were discharged from the hospital. Five patients remain alive and well (18 to 50 months postoperatively). PMID- 708286 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pumping: theory and practice. Experience with 325 patients. AB - Intra-aortic balloon pumping to support the failing circulation is now an accepted therapeutic modality. The device is simple. Insertion can be accomplished rapidly and efficiently in emergency rooms, coronary care units, cardiac catheterization suites and operating rooms, preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively. The hemodynamic effects are immediate and predictable, and the accruing clinical results show increasing survival and hospital discharge rates. In these institutions, mechanical support of the circulation by this and more advanced methods has been formalized within the responsibility of a Circulatory Support Service. The purpose of this report is to summarize some observations and analyses which have been made during care of 325 consecutive postcardiotomy and/or postinfarction cardiogenic shock patients. Historical, theoretical, basic, and applied aspects and current results are included. Foremost are the straightforward concepts of considering the heart as a pump, the failing heart as a failing pump and intra-aortic balloon pumping as a temporary intravascular, auxiliary pump, capable of stabilizing or reversing that failure if utilized early in its evolution. PMID- 708288 TI - Transapical left ventricular bypass: a method for partial or total circulatory support. AB - A simple cannula method of partial or total left ventricular bypass, utilizing a roller pump and outflow filter, has been developed and applied clinically. One of three patients with severe cardiac and multisystem failure was pumped with total left ventricular bypass for six days and decannulated with recovery of myocardial function after nine days. These results are encouraging and suggest that a number of patients could be salvaged from temporary cardiac failure with a simple cannula-roller-pump bypass system. PMID- 708289 TI - Clinical application of the ellipsoid left heart assist device. AB - The ellipsoid left heart assist device (E-LVAD) was implanted in eight patients suffering from intraoperative heart failure. It was not possible to remove these patients from extracorporeal circulation following an intracardiac procedure; therefore, implantation of the E-LVAD was performed during extracorporeal circulation. The inflow connector was pushed forward from a purse-string suture on the right superior pulmonary vein, across the mitral valve and into the left ventricle. The outflow connector was joined to the ascending aorta. In two patients, the artificial heart chamber was removed after complete recovery of the circulation; these patients, however, later died. In six other patients, untreatable right heart failure developed and these patients died with the pump in place. It is concluded, therefore, that the right heart must also be mechanically supported during postoperative heart failure. PMID- 708290 TI - Paracorporeal artificial heart in postoperative heart failure. AB - A pneumatically driven artificial heart with a tubular silicone rubber membrane and disc valves was used for functional heart replacement in the paracorporeal mode. A fluidic drive system allows adjustment of the heart rate, positive and negative pressures and systole/diastole ratio. Since August, 1977, the artificial heart has been used in four patients with refractory postoperative heart failure not responding to volume loading, pH and electrolyte correction, catecholamines and intra-aortic balloon pumping. Large cannulae were placed in the atria and great vessels. The ventricles were fixed on the chest paracorporeally. The assist system was used as a left heart bypass in one patient and as a biventricular bypass in three other patients. After 48-72 hours, the ventricular function recovered in three patients, permitting removal of the artificial heart. One patient died of cerebral complications six weeks later; the other two recovered completely and were released in good condition. Profound postoperative heart failure can be completely reversed by the use of the paracorporeal artificial heart; the advantage of the system lies in the simplicity of its implantation and removal. PMID- 708291 TI - Dialysis of schizophrenics. Weird and novel applications of dialysis, hemofiltration, hemoperfusion and peritoneal dialysis: witchcraft? PMID- 708292 TI - Evaluation of hemodialyzers and dialysis membranes. Report of a study group for the Artificial Kidney-Chronic Uremia Program NIAMDD-1977. Chapter five. Evaluation of toxicity potential of hemodialyzers. PMID- 708293 TI - Hemostatic changes induced in vitro by hemoperfusion over activated charcoal. PMID- 708294 TI - Use of the bovine with an artificial heart as an experimental pharmacologic model. Peripheral vascular and direct cardiac effects of a large dose of dopamine. PMID- 708295 TI - Polymer coatings for hemoperfusion over activated carbon. PMID- 708296 TI - A simplified blood access method for a temporary left ventricular assist system in humans. PMID- 708297 TI - Standard recommended practice for the assessment of the hemolytic properties of materials. PMID- 708298 TI - The residency matching program. PMID- 708299 TI - The matching program from a student's viewpoint. How to win at residency roulette. PMID- 708300 TI - The matching program from a first-year resident's viewpoint. PMID- 708301 TI - The matching program as it applies to general surgery and specialties from a general surgeon's viewpoint. PMID- 708302 TI - Resolved: all otolaryngology programs should participate in the residency matching program. PMID- 708303 TI - Current methods of resident selection. PMID- 708304 TI - Current methods of evaluating a resident's performance. PMID- 708305 TI - Evaluation and nonreappointment of residents. Panel discussion. PMID- 708307 TI - Half-list speech discrimination measures in hearing aid evaluations. AB - The usefulness of half-list speech discrimination tests for evaluating hearing aids was assessed. Test and retest speech discrimination scores (SDSs) were obtained from 23 adults with moderate hearing impairment using four preselected hearing aids. Reliability coefficients were generally lower for half-lists than for full-lists, and the rankings of the hearing aids on the basis of SDSs were less consistent for the half-lists than for the full-lists. Individual subject differences between half-list SDSs were 10% or greater in more than one third of the cases. It was concluded that half-lists derived from the NU-6 full-lists should not be used to differentiate among hearing aids. PMID- 708306 TI - Round window niche melanocytes and webby tissue. Possible collateral route of vascular and perilymph circulation. AB - Two hundred thirteen human temporal bones were studied for characteristics of the round window niche. In 163 specimens melanocytes were found within the attachments of the round window membrane and in the niche, most prominently at the level of the cochlear aqueduct opening. Sixty-two specimens demonstrated discrete webby foci within the lining of the niche, 16 of which completely or partially covered the tympanic surface of the round window membrane, unassociated with fibrous tags or adhesions, and in some cases contained congested vascular channels and melanocytes. The webby foci were sometimes associate; with melanocytes, while melanocytes were present without demonstrable webby foci. These findings may represent a collateral route of vascular or perilymph-related drainage from the inner ear. PMID- 708308 TI - Multiple epiglottic cysts. AB - A 66-year-old man had five cystic lesions of the epiglottis, which were discovered at autopsy. He had complained of hoarseness and dysphagia, but no laryngeal examination was performed because of his terminal condition due to widespread adenocarcinoma that did not involve the larynx. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of multiple laryngeal ductal cysts. To develop a concept of the pathogenesis of these cysts, the normal salivary gland-duct epithelial histologic characteristics were studied in 17 epiglottises that were obtained from children and adults at autopsy. We conclude that the cysts arise from the collecting ducts rather than the smaller interlobular or intralobular ducts. PMID- 708309 TI - Myocardial infarction--the problems and prognosis: Paper 2. PMID- 708310 TI - Myocardial infarction--the problems and prognosis: Paper 3--A summary. AB - In the pre-hospital phase of myocardial infarction, the overriding problem is our present inability to alter the fact that approximately 50 per cent of all deaths from infarction occur prior to the patient's arrival in hospital, despite the knowledge that these deaths are due largely to potentially correctible arrythmias. PMID- 708311 TI - Aspects of myocardial ischaemia: sudden death. AB - The majority of patients who die suddenly have significant coronary artery disease, and it seems likely that myocardial ischaemia, in consequence of these diseased arteries, plays an aetiological role in causation of sudden death. PMID- 708312 TI - Myocardial infarction: mortality reduction through coronary care? AB - It appears that the mortality from coronary heart disease, particularly in men between the ages of thirty and sixty-four, has fallen slightly in recent years. The reasons for this are not clear, but some of this mortality reduction has been attributed to better management of patients, arising through the introduction of coronary care and other forms of medical interference. It is equally possible that this reduction of overall mortality is related to changes in the community's habits. PMID- 708313 TI - Protection from morbidity and mortality from first infarcts: the case for beta blockade. AB - The original concept of alpha and beta sympathetic receptors put forward by Alquist in 1948 suggesting that beta receptors were situated mainly in the heart and alpha receptors peripherally, gave rise to the theory that selective blockade of beta receptors might have the effect of relieving the heart from excessive sympathetic stimulation. This possibility was developed by Black and Stephenson with the birth of the first beta-blocking drugs--pronethalol and propranolol. The importance of such a drug was foreseen by Chamberlain who showed subsequently that propranolol and cervical sympathectomy reduced an exercise tachycardia to the same extent. Pronethalol was not developed for clinical use and propranolol was in any event found to be the more active drug with no demonstrable hazards. Propranolol was marketed for clinical use as 'Inderal' by the Pharmaceuticals Division of Imperial Chemical Industries, UK, where this original work had been done. PMID- 708314 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment for arthritis. PMID- 708315 TI - Surgery and the aged. AB - Surgery for the aged presents a special challenge for all members of the hospital team. The tone of a geriatric hospital is unique. It has usually been adapted specifically for the needs of the elderly. Quiet kindness replaces excessive urgency; a slower time scale allows unrushed opportunities for patient care and contact; and a friendly family spirit helps replace what is missing in the lives of many elderly patients. PMID- 708316 TI - The place of surgery in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The medical and surgical management of patients with rheumatoid disease has improved over recent years. Despite the improvements, much disability and pain arise from the condition. The major surgical advances in recent years have been in the field of joint replacement, and these advances are continuing. Joint replacement units have evolved, allowing further specialization in this rapidly advancing field. Close liaison between the general practitioner, rheumatologist, orthopaedic surgeon and allied health professionals is most important in achieving the best possible results in the management of these patients. PMID- 708317 TI - Crystal induced arthritis: gout and pseudogout. AB - Intrasynovial deposits of monourate crystals in the presence of serum hyperuricaemia, and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals, are responsible for gout and pseudogout respectively. Identification of these by synovial fluid analysis is described. The clinical features, minimum investigations, history-taking, management and drug regimes of gout and pseudogout are discussed. Periodic review of the patient is stressed. Other intrasynovial crystals are briefly outlined. PMID- 708318 TI - Intestinal transport of monosaccharide after biliary diversion in the rat. AB - Sugar absorption is increased in rats with a bile fistula but approaches normal values with the addition of bile salt. It has therefore been suggested that bile salts have a physiological role in decreasing intestinal absorption of monosaccharides. In experiments using rats, jejunal and ileal uptake of arbutin, a glucose analogue was increased 5 days after creating a bile fistula but normal by the 10th day after operation. Bile fistula rats ate only about one third of the intake of normal rats in the first 5 days after operation. Control animals fed the same amount as the bile fistula group showed a similar increase in jejunal and ileal arbutin uptake. In both groups, on the 5th post-operative day, addition of taurocholate depressed arbutin uptake towards normal. In normal rats, taurocholate depressed arbutin uptake in the ileum but not the jejunum. These results suggest that increased monosaccharide uptake in bile fistula rats is related to semi-starvation and is not a specific effect of bile salts. PMID- 708319 TI - Turnover rates of muscle protein in cardiac and skeletal muscles of dog, fowl, rat and mouse: turnover rate related to muscle function. AB - Turnover rates of muscle protein in cardiac and skeletal muscle have been measured in dogs using a continuous infusion of 14C-tyrosine, and in fowls, rats and mice after a pulse label of either 3H-leucine or 3H-aspartate. In all species the total mixed protein from ventricle turned over the most rapidly. Tonic muscles predominantly comprised of red fibres were intermediate in rate and twitch muscles comprised of predominantly white fibres had the slowest rates of turnover. This same progression of turnover rates was also seen in myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein fractions and with myosin. The RNA concentrations of the muscle tissue were highly correlated with the turnover rates. It is suggested that the turnover rate of muscle protein is related to the function of the muscle. PMID- 708321 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on the response of rat lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin. AB - The proliferative response of rat peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen cells to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was studied following treatment with single or multiple doses of hydrocortisone. A transient lymphopaenia with a rapid recovery at 24 h occurred with both dose schedules. Hydrocortisone in vitro caused a dose dependent depression of blood lymphocyte response to PHA but enhanced the response of spleen cells when the steroid was added after the mitogen. An inverse relationship between blood and splenic lymphocyte responses to PHA occurred after a single dose of hydrocortisone. Blood lymphocytes from multiple dose hydrocortisone-treated rats had an enhanced response to PHA. Serum collected within 5 min of injection from single dose-treated rats depressed normal rat blood lymphocyte responses. After multiple doses of hydrocortisone serum enhanced blood lymphocyte responses to PHA. The primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was only affected by near toxic doses of hydrocortisone. PMID- 708320 TI - Chromosome damage and DNA repair induced in human fibroblasts by UV and cholesterol oxide. AB - In human fibroblasts, cholesterol oxide induced a similar degree of chromosome damage (8.6% of metaphases) and DNA repair synthesis (8-10% of cells with lightly labelled nuclei) as low doses of ultraviolet light (UV), but did not produce single-strand DNA breaks or DNA damage detectable by inhibition of thymidine incorporation. Chromosome aberrations were detected up to 8 weeks after treatment with cholesterol oxide and UV. Combined treatments had almost additive effects on the frequency of chromosome aberrations but not on repair synthesis. Multiple daily doses of UV did not cause more aberrations than a single dose. Attempts to transform two fibroblast strains from normal donors and three derived from melanoma patients using single and combined treatments of UV, cholesterol oxide and hyperthermia (40 degrees) were unsuccessful. PMID- 708322 TI - Suppression of skin reactivity in rats bearing IgE or IgG2a immunocytomas. AB - Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and reversed PCA have been examined in rats bearing IgE or IgG2a immunocytomas. PCA reactivity was completely abolished in rats bearing an IgE immunocytoma, whereas only a slight suppression of PCA reactivity was found in rats bearing an IgG2a immunocytoma. Reversed PCA reactivity was only slightly decreased in rats bearing IgE or IgG2a immunocytomas. PMID- 708323 TI - Sensitisation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue during oral immunisation. AB - The time course of appearance of sensitised lymphocytes was studied in rabbits fed 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Antigen reactive cells (ARC) were detected in Peyer's patches at 1 week, prior to both the appearance of primed cells in the spleen and the detection of circulating anti-BSA antibody. Systemic immunisation with 2 mg BSA induced sensitised cells in the spleen and Peyer's patches. No evidence of an early appearance of sensitised cells in the mucosal cell population was found. These data support the postulates that the initial lymphocyte sensitisation to ingested soluble antigen occurs in Peyer's patches, that this lymphoid tissue provides a significant contribution to systemic immunity following oral and parenteral immunisation, and that the mucosal lymphocyte population is not involved in the early phase of sensitisation to ingested antigen. PMID- 708324 TI - Fusion and hybridization of marsupial and eutherian cells. Activity of heterokaryons. AB - Marsupial and eutherian nuclei in heterokaryons were shown to synthesize DNA and RNA, apparently at control levels, and heterokaryons were found to contain marsupial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. The two types of nucleus in heterokaryons were also able to undergo synchronous chromosome condensation. our results provide no evidence for suppression of nucleic acid synthesis, gene expression or mitosis in marsupial x eutherian heterokaryons. PMID- 708325 TI - The RNA genome of Tilligerry virus. AB - RNA extracted from Tilligerry virus, a member of the Eubenangee group of orbiviruses, separated into ten segments after electrophoresis in acrylamide gels. The molecular weights of most segments differed from the corresponding segments of Eubenangee virus. PMID- 708326 TI - In vitro growth of ovine squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Cultured by fragment explantation following a selective trypsinisation procedure, 22/31 (71%) specimens of ovine squamous cell carcinoma yielded pure strains of epithelial cells which to date have passaged vigorously to the 29th level of passage. In contrast to the diploid nature of epithelial cell strains derived from foetal sheep skin, the cell strains derived from skin tumors were highly aneuploid. PMID- 708327 TI - Comparative stability of alanine aminotransferase in rat plasma and hepatocyte suspensions. AB - Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in rat plasma was stable for up to 56 days when stored at -25 degrees. High activity plasma samples were less stable. ALT activity was markedly unstable when derived from isolated hepatocyte preparations, and declined to 8-16% of initial values after 28-56 days storage at -25 degrees. PMID- 708328 TI - A cell culture vaccine against bovine ephemeral fever. AB - A vaccine was prepared from cell culture fluids harvested from the twelfth passage of the 919 strain of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus in Vero cell cultures. Cattle were vaccinated subcutaneously with various combinations of strain 919 virus and adjuvants. Neutralising antibodies were assayed at various times after vaccination and some cattle were challenged by intravenous inoculation with the virulent 417WBC strain of BEF virus. Strain 919 virus of the third and twelfth passage levels in Vero cells produced neither fever, clinical illness nor detectable viraemia in 5 calves inoculated intravenously. Nor could viraemia be detected in 5 heifers receiving vaccine subcutaneously. When the vaccine was administered mixed with aluminium hydroxide adjuvant, the production of neutralising antibodies increased with an increase in the volume of vaccine from 2.5 ml to 10 ml and the response to 2 injections was significantly better than the response to a single injection. The neutralising antibody response was decreased when vaccine was diluted in phosphate buffered saline. The neutralising antibody response following 2 subcutaneous vaccinations with strain 919 virus mixed with aluminium hydroxide adjuvant was higher than that following intravenous inoculation with virulent virus. The vaccine-induced antibodies persisted for at least 12 months, and revaccination at this time led to an increase in the titre of neutralising antibody. Antibodies induced by a single subcutaneous administration of strain 919 virus mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant persisted for at least 40 weeks; those induced by vaccine containing Freund's incomplete adjuvant had virtually disappeared within 16 weeks. All these calves responded to vaccination with aluminium hydroxide-containing vaccine with increases in levels of neutralising antibodies. Of 26 vaccinated calves challenged with virulent BEF virus, 24 remained clinically normal. Two developed brief periods of pyrexia on the seventh day after challenge, but no other clinical signs. One of these calves had a viraemia that was demonstrated only by intravenous inoculation of a susceptible calf. The remaining calf had no detectable viraemia. All of 7 unvaccinated calves developed severe clinical BEF within 5 days of challenge. No disease attributable to the 919 virus occurred in 24 vaccinated pregnant heifers or their newborn calves. PMID- 708329 TI - Evaluation of new and currently used diagnostic procedures for bovine brucellosis. AB - The indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) and the rough antigen complement-fixation test (RCFT) were compared with several conventional tests using serum samples from 9 cows known to be infected with Brucella abortus. In 7 cows all the tests except the RCFT (which was developed to detect antibodies resulting from 45/20 vaccination) became positive and remained so until the cows were autopsied 6 months after infection. In the other 2 cows the Rose Bengal test was occasionally negative and the titre of the serum agglutination test only reached 100 iu briefly. The routine complement-fixation test, the IHLT and the anti-bovine globulin test reached diagnostic levels at most of the weekly test intervals but occasional low titres occurred in them all. Only very low or negative titres were detected by the RCFT. PMID- 708330 TI - Breed differences in the response of young beef bulls to electro-ejaculation. AB - A total of 702 electro-ejaculation attempts are recorded on young (16 to 31 months) beef bulls of 3 breeds and 3 breed crosses (Brahman cross 100, Africander cross 93, Shorthorn cross 109, Brahman 81, Africander 89, and Hereford 230. Four hundred and forty of these attempts were conducted on bulls of the first 5 of these breeds which had been reared under similar conditions on the same property. The machine employed was a Watson Transtimulator, powered by a 12-volt automobile battery, and connected to a 6.25 cm diameter bipolar ring electrode probe, 37.5 cm in length. The voltages at which the sperm free (sample A) and sperm rich (sample B) samples were initiated were 4.8 +/- .2 and 7.7 +/- .2 volts respectively. No breed differences occurred. Breed differences occurred in the proportion of bulls showing a severe reaction to the electricity (P less than 0.001) with the Africander (32.6%; P less than 0.001) and Ax (28.0%; P less than 0.01) having the highest proportions of severe reactions. These 2 breed groups also had the highest proportions of electro-ejaculation failures (respectively, 23.6%; P less than 0.05 and 19.4%; n.s.). Overall, bulls of Bos indicus derivation did not differ from those of Bos taurus derivation in electro ejaculation failures. During stimulation, erection was achieved by 19.8% of bulls and failure to collect an assessable ejaculate occurred in 15%. No breed differences occurred in either category. Collapse during stimulation occurred in 5.3% of electro-ejaculation attempts (overall P less than 0.05) with the SH breed group having highest representation (12.8%; P less than 0.001). PMID- 708331 TI - The influence of the time of treatment in relation to feeding on the efficacy of amoxycillin therapy in dogs and cats. AB - A field trial comparing the clinically assessed response to amoxycillin therapy in 148 fasted and 129 non-fasted dogs and cats suffering clinically diagnosed bacterial infections is reported. A satisfactory response to treatment was obtained in 88.8% of these cases. The results indicate that the clinical response to amoxycillin therapy was not affected by the concurrent administration of the antibiotic with food. PMID- 708332 TI - Evaluation of oral iron galactan as a method of iron supplementation for intensively housed sucking piglets. AB - Iron supplementation of piglets with oral galactan given as a single dose within 24 hours of birth was evaluated in a series of on farm trials. The growth rate of piglets receiving this treatment was faster than that of piglets receiving single injections of iron dextran or iron galactan at 3 days of age, or ferrous sulphate crystals orally at weekly intervals. Mean values for red cell parameters of oral iron galactan supplemented piglets at 2 to 4 weeks of age were lower than those of injected piglets but there was no clinical evidence of anaemia in any of the piglets. PMID- 708333 TI - The effect of anthelmintic treatment and other management factors on the incidence of breech strike in Merino sheep. AB - Repeated scouring and soiling of the breech region with faeces rendered mulesed, Merino sheep susceptible to breech strike. Anthelmintic treatment of ewes before and after lambing and of lambs 6 to 8 weeks old reduced intestinal trichostrongylosis, scouring and consequent breech strike. Wether lambs tended to be more susceptible than ewe lambs and sheep grazing long pastures were struck more frequently than those on short pastures. PMID- 708334 TI - The importance of the radical mules operation and tail length for the control of breech strike in scouring Merino sheep. AB - While the radical Mules operation reduced the incidence of breech strike from 59% to 13% in scouring sheep, the problem was further alleviated by docking lambs' tails at the correct (medium) length. Docking lambs' tails very short strongly predisposed radically mulesed ewes and wethers to faecal soiling and breech strike (20% struck). Radically mulesed sheep with tails docked midway down the vulval orifice in ewes, and the corresponding length in wethers, were rarely struck (3%) and did not appear to require crutching to prevent breech strike associated with scouring or urine staining. PMID- 708335 TI - Preparation of teaser bulls by dorsal scrotal penile deflection. AB - A simple, quick and reliable technique of preparing teaser bulls has been developed. Four Bos indicus aged between 1 year 6 months and 2 years were subjected to this method by deflecting their penes backwards about 2 to 3 cm posterior and dorsal to the attachment of the scrotum. No serious postoperative complications were recorded. The sexual behaviour and libido of the bulls did not change after subjecting them to this technique. PMID- 708336 TI - A species of lungworm in a dog in Western Australia. PMID- 708337 TI - Experimental foot-rot, wool growth and body mass. PMID- 708338 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans in a beagle. PMID- 708339 TI - Hexachlorophene poisoning in a dog. PMID- 708340 TI - Cryptosporidium in a red-bellied snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) PMID- 708341 TI - Objective assessment of prior air traffic control-related experience through the use of an occupational knowledge test. AB - The Occupational Knowledge Test (OKT) 101-B was administered to 784 air traffic control trainees who entered the FAA Academy's 16-week training course in 1976. All trainees completed the nonradar laboratory portion of the training and, in addition, completed a preemployment questionnaire. Based on responses to the questionnaire, the trainees were assigned to one of three experience groups, corresponding to groups given credit for experience using Civil Service Commission (CSC) selection procedures. It was found that the OKT was highly correlated with experience (r = 0.64) and, in addition, had a higher correlation with successful completion of the nonradar lab than did experience (r = 0.25 vs. 0.12). It was determined that use of an OKT score of 75 or above to assign extra credit would result in a failure rate of 3.1% for those receiving credit, while use of the current experience scale would result in a failure rate of 7.6% for those receiving extra credit on the CSC selection battery. The results held up for a cross-validation sample of 432 trainees who entered the Academy during 1977. Based on the results, it is recommended that an OKT score of 75 or above be used to assign extra credit for experience in the selection of air traffic controllers. PMID- 708342 TI - Quantifying fatigue in working divers. AB - Thirty professional divers involved in training, bounce dives, working saturations, and deep experimental saturations were observed over a 1-month period. The subjects themselves performed simple twice-daily measurements of oral temperature, heart rate, breathhold time, handgrip strength, length and quality of sleep, and a subjective estimation of fatigue. The data were analysed with respect to the type of work done by the diver, separating diving from nondiving days. The results showed that subjective estimation of fatigue corresponded to the increment of evening oral temperature and heart rate over morning values. Both inspiratory and expiratory breathhold times decreased from morning to evening in those situations deemed most tiring by the divers. Sleep was generally of average duration and quality; however, diving during the daytime was associated with a decreased amount of sleep in the 24-h period including the following night. Sleep was also of poorer quality during periods of saturation diving. In addition to such group variations, individual divers showed significant performance changes on the various tests, demonstrating the value of this approach to the practical question of deciding when a man is too tired to dive safely. Extension of this method can, we hope, aid in the definition of safe working rotations for professional divers. PMID- 708343 TI - Gas elimination during a single-stage decompression. PMID- 708344 TI - Luminance thresholds of the water-immersed eye. AB - Luminance thresholds were measured for the water-immersed eye as a function of adaptation level, viewing distance, and turbidity of the water, and compared to standard adaptation curves. In water, thresholds varied as a function of initial adaptation level, and the rate of adaptation paralleled that for the eye in air. However, thresholds were about 1-2 log units higher for the water-immersed eye than for the eye in air at all adaptation levels. PMID- 708345 TI - Ripcord release capability of female parachutists. AB - With the growth in popularity of skydiving as a sport has come an associated increase in parachuting accidents, some of them due to failure to deploy the main or reserve parachutes. The absence of appropriate strength data has prompted a study of the pull force capabilities of female parachutists on a ripcord release in varying positions. Pull forces exerted for periods of 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 s during a 5-s pull are presented in percentile form. A substantial percentage of female parachutists could not exert the maximum ripcord release pull force permitted by the relevant parachute specification. The relatively low level of strength exhibited by the weakest groups of the population emphasizes the need for such basic information in equipment design. PMID- 708346 TI - Effect of vitamin and amino acid supplements on human performance during heavy mental and physical work. AB - This paper presents data describing the effects of vitamin and amino acid supplements on the health state and performance of men doing heavy mental and physical work. Experiments on seven test volunteers showed that a 20-d intake of a mixture of vitamins, amino acids, and mineral substances optimized the health state and increased the performance of test subjects doing heavy work. PMID- 708348 TI - Workload and fatigue--in-flight EEG changes. AB - Continuous recordings were made of the EEG and ECG of one pilot during a series of instrument flights in a feeder-type transport aircraft. The flights were arranged to contain epochs of distinctly differing levels of workload. In addition, some flights were made after a night of sleep deprivation and others were made as the second and third flights of the day. Subjectively, there appeared to be marked differences in performance between the two types of tired flight. The EEG analyses showed changes that correlated well with differences in workload. In the highest workload areas during fresh flights, EEG activity increased by approximately a factor of 4 over that of the preflight resting values. This large increase did not occur in the tired flights. Further experiments are planned using flights in aircraft and in simulators using several subjects. PMID- 708349 TI - Use of path models to study a precareer air traffic control training program. PMID- 708347 TI - Multinational Andean genetic and health program: VII. Lung function and physical growth--multivariate analyses in high- and low-altitude populations. PMID- 708350 TI - Comparison of the vigilance performance of men and women using a simulated radar task. AB - The present study examined the question of possible sex differences in the ability to sustain attention to a complex monitoring task requiring only a detection response to critical stimulus changes. The visual display was designed to approximate a futuristic, highly automated air traffic control radar display containing computer-generated alphanumeric symbols. There were 26 men and 26 women tested, each over a 2-h session. Sixteen targets appeared on the screen at all times, with 10 signals (a designated change in the alphanumerics) randomly presented during each 0.5 h of the test session. Detection latency to the signals increased significantly during the session, but there was no evidence of any significant differences between the sexes in the magnitude or pattern of this increase. The results are discussed in terms of a general decline in alertness that was apparently equal for both sexes. PMID- 708351 TI - Effects of fracture trauma, estrone treatment, and 2-G environment on the epiphyseal cartilage zones of developing avian radii. AB - Female birds subjected to closed fracture of the right radius at 2 weeks post hatching were allowed to heal for 14 d at either earth gravity (1 G) or a 2-G hypergravity state, with saline-injected controls and 0.2- and 0.4-mg estrone (estrogen) treated groups. Animals were sacrificed following the last injection and radii were routinely processed histologically for micrometer measurements of the mid-coronal height and width of the cartilage zones of the proximal and distal epiphyses. Proximal epiphyses of estrone-treated, normo-gravity chicks showed a decreased growth in height of the articular, proliferating, and hypertrophic cartilage zones and an increased interstitial growth of the hypertrophic and calcified layers of estrone-treated, 2-G animals. Growth in height of the cartilage layers of the distal epiphyses of fractured radii was primarily stimulated when estrone-treated chicks were also exposed to the 2-G state. Appositional growth of all cartilage layers of the proximal and distal epiphyses of normo-gravity birds was increased by 0.2 mg estrone. In addition, growth in the width of all cartilage layers of the distal epiphyses of 2-G animals was increased with the administration of 0.4 mg estrone. PMID- 708352 TI - U.S. fatal general aviation accidents due to cardiovascular incapacitation: 1974 75. AB - A study was undertaken to determine the relative impact of inflight cardiovascular incapacitation among general aviation pilots with respect to general aviation flight safety. During calendar years 1974-75, the National Transportation Safety Board reports reveal that 13 U.S. general aviation pilots died of cardiovascular incapacitation during flight. The analysis of these accidents will bear on any suggested changes in pilot medical screening procedures for cardiovascular disease, as well as on pilot safety education programs. Of the 13 cases noted above, nine pilots were flying alone. Of the remaining multiple occupant cases, the nonpilot wife of one deceased victim managed to land the aircraft. Eighteen deaths resulted from the inflight incapacitations. The ages of the pilots ranged from 33-68 years, with both a mean and a median of 52. Postmortem examinations revealed extensive coronary disease (atherosclerosis) in 12 cases (no pilot autopsy data is available in the case where the passenger landed the aircraft). Of these 12 cases, five demonstrated recent occlusions. In four more, evidence of old infarcts was revealed by the postmortem examination. It is concluded that these 13 inflight cardiovascular incapacitations, occurring among a total of 1,404 fatal general aviation accidents in the 1974-75 period, constitute such a small proportion (0.93%) of the documented fatal general aviation accidents that extensive additional cardiovascular screening procedures are not justified at present on cost/yield basis. PMID- 708353 TI - Movement by helicopter of patients with decompression sickness. AB - Rapid movement of a patient with decompression sickness sometimes poses problems when the site of the hyperbaric treatment facility is located a considerable distance away. Six cases of aviator decompression sickness were diagnosed in altitude chamber participants during an 18-month period. Five cases were uncomplicated decompression sickness and the sixth case was of central nervous system decompression sickness. All cases were transferred by low-level helicopter flight. No complications were noted when the helicopter stayed within 200 ft (61 m) AGL of the take-off point. Symptoms of decompression sickness did worsen however, when this altitude was exceeded. This study shows that movement of patients with decompression sickness by low-level helicopter flight is both safe and effective, especially when pressurized aircraft is neither available nor practical. PMID- 708354 TI - Bleeding duodenal ulcer and the flier. AB - Over the years, the aeromedical disposition of aircrew members with bleeding duodenal ulcer has been a vexing problem because two essential questions cannot be categorically answered: Is the risk of rebleeding less with medical or with surgical treatment? In either case, is the risk of rebleeding low enough to permit, with reasonable prudence, the resumption of aircrew duties by the aviator? To try to answer these questions, the author has reviewed a portion of the literature and a number of medical records of patients with bleeding duodenal ulcer. With this information, the author draws his conclusions and offers recommendations for the aeromedical disposition of such aircrewmen. PMID- 708355 TI - In the fight against weightlessness. PMID- 708356 TI - Unusual labyrinthine disturbance. PMID- 708357 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of funnel chest]. PMID- 708358 TI - [Early recognition of ankylosing spondylitis. (Bechterew's disease)]. PMID- 708360 TI - [Precision of preoperative diagnosis in lumbor disk prolapse]. PMID- 708359 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of amipaque (metrizamide) in spinal injuries]. PMID- 708361 TI - [Lumbodorsal spinal changes in pipefitters working at the VEB Mathias-Theseny Shipyard in Wismar]. PMID- 708362 TI - [Postoperative complications following scoliosis surgery from the anesthesiological viewpoint]. PMID- 708363 TI - [Preliminary results following lumbar vertebral disk operations]. PMID- 708364 TI - [Results of redression and corset treatment in Scheuermann's disease]. PMID- 708365 TI - [Sewing needles and fishing hooks as foreign bodies in dogs and cats--diagnosis, and therapy]. PMID- 708366 TI - [Resorption processes in hemarthroses of the femoropatellar joint in the brabbit. II. Structure and function of the synovial stratum following experimental hemarthroses]. PMID- 708367 TI - The nitrogenase system of Spirillum lipoferum. AB - The nitrogenase system of Spirillum lipoferum was separated into three components, the normal Mo-Fe and Fe proteins as well as an activating factor for the Fe protein. The rate of activation is increased by Mn2+ or by an excess of Mg2+, and the process requires ATP. PMID- 708368 TI - Comparative studies on intrinsic factor and cobalophilin in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract of the pig. AB - The vitamin B(12) binders in the pig pyloric mucosa gastric and intestinal juice from the upper gastrointestinal tract were fractionated into only two molecular forms, classified as intrinsic factor and cobalophilin. The unsaturated vitamin B(12)-binding power due to cobalophilin was lower in the intestinal than in the gastric juice. Electrofocusing revealed that intrinsic factor and cobalophilin in the intestinal juice contained more of the ;neutral'-type isoproteins, and the suggestion is made that this is due to enzyme activity. The gastric-juice intrinsic factor contained more acidic isoproteins, which supports the hypothesis that carbohydrate is added on to the polypeptide chain of this protein before it is secreted into gastric juice. The gastric- and intestinal-juice cobalophilins, studied also by electrofocusing, differed from that of pyloric mucosa and they appeared to be of salivary origin. With regard to molecular dimensions there was no significant difference between the intrinsic factors and cobalophilins from all sources studied. All cobalophilins had molecular weights by the formula of Svedberg of approx. 92500, Stokes radii of 4.62nm and sedimentation coefficients of 5.15S. The corresponding values for the intrinsic factors were 63600, 3.57nm and 4.38S. In addition, the intrinsic factors exhibited similar avidities for binding to the solubilized ileal intrinsic-factor receptor. Also the intrinsic factors and cobalophilins, irrespective of their source, bound to the analogous specific xenoantibodies with the same avidity. The present results demonstrate that intrinsic factor remains practically unaltered during its passage through the proximal intestine and render unlikely the speculations made about the presence of an endogenous binder for intrinsic factor as well as the existence of a ;pancreatic intrinsic factor'. In addition, they are compatible with the theory that the interference by undegraded cobalophilin may be the reason for the abnormal vitamin B(12) absorption observed in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 708369 TI - The role of nitro groups in the binding of nitroaromatics to protein MOPC 315. AB - Two series of dinitrophenyl haptens, in which chlorine replaces one or both nitro groups, were used to investigate, by a combination of high-resolution 1H n.m.r. and fluorescence quenching, the presence of groups in the combining site of protein MOPC 315, which form hydrogen bonds to the aromatic-ring substituents of the hapten. The large differences in binding constants on successive replacement of nitro groups were shown to be due to specific hapten-substituent-protein interactions by (a) showing that there was little difference in the interaction between these haptens and 3-methylindole (a model for the residue tryptophan-93L with which the hapten stacks in protein MOPC 315), (b) proving by 1H n.m.r. that the mode of hapten binding is constant and (c) showing that the differences in Kd were consistent with the relative hydrogen-bonding capacities of chlorine and the nitro moiety. In this way it was established that each nitro group forms a hydrogen bond. Furthermore, from consideration of the 1H n.m.r. chemical shifts of several dinitrophenyl haptens and their trinitrophenyl analogues, it was shown that there is no distortion of the o-nitro group on binding to the variable fragment of protein MOPC 315. PMID- 708370 TI - Protein thiolation and reversible protein-protein conjugation. N-Succinimidyl 3 (2-pyridyldithio)propionate, a new heterobifunctional reagent. AB - A heterobifunctional reagent, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate, was synthesized. Its N-hydroxysuccinimide ester group reacts with amino groups and the 2-pyridyl disulphide structure reacts with aliphatic thiols. A new thiolation procedure for proteins is based on this reagent. The procedure involves two steps. First, 2-pyridyl disulphide structures are introduced into the protein by the reaction of some of its amino groups with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester sie of the reagent. The protein-bound 2-pyridyl disulphide structures are then reduced with dithiothreitol. This reaction can be carried out without concomitant reduction of native disulphide bonds. The technique has been used for the introduction of thiol groups de novo into ribonuclease, gamma-globulin, alpha amylase and horseradish peroxidase. N-Succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate can also be used for the preparation of protein-protein conjugates. This application is based on the fact that protein-2-pyridyl disulphide derivatives (formed from the reaction of non-thiol proteins with the reagent) react with thiol-containing proteins (with native thiols or thiolated by, for example, the method described above) via thiol-disulphide exchange to form disulphide-linked protein-protein conjugates. This conjugation technique has been used for the preparation of an alpha-amylase-urease, a ribonuclease-albumin and a peroxidase rabbit anti-(human transferrin) antibody conjugate. The disulphide bridges between the protein molecules can easily be split by reduction or by thiol disulphide exchange. Thus conjugation is reversible. This has been demonstrated by scission of the ribonuclease-albumin and the alpha-amylase-urease conjugate into their components with dithiothreitol. N-Succinimidyl 3-(2 pyridyldithio)propionate has been prepared in crystalline form, in which state (if protected against humidity) it is stable on storage at room temperature (23 degrees C). PMID- 708372 TI - Purification and properties of succinyl-coenzyme A-3-oxo acid coenzyme A transferase from sheep kidney. AB - CoA-transferase (succinyl-CoA-3-oxo acid CoA-transferase, EC 2.8.3.5) isolated from sheep kidney was purified to homogeneity. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of approx. 200 units/mg. A mol.wt. of 110000 was obtained by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and a lower mol.wt. of 102000 was determined by analytical ultracentrifugation. A sedimentation coefficient of 5.6S was also determined. A subunit mol.wt. of 56000 was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing of sheep kidney extracts indicated the presence of a single band of CoA-transferase activity with pI9.0. However, isoelectric focusing of purified CoA-transferase showed the presence of two peaks of CoA-transferase activity with pI values of 8.7 and 8.4, suggesting the presence of proteolytic activity during purification. Evidence for sheep kidney CoA-transferase being a dimer of two identical subunits has been obtained from sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, the amino acid composition, peptide 'mapping' and N-terminal analysis. PMID- 708371 TI - Formation and subsequent removal of O6-methylguanine from deoxyribonucleic acid in rat liver and kidney after small doses of dimethylnitrosamine. AB - 1. The amounts of 7-methylguanine and O(6)-methylguanine present in the DNA of liver and kidney of rats 4h and 24h after administration of low doses of dimethylnitrosamine were measured. 2. O(6)-Methylguanine was rapidly removed from liver DNA so that less than 15% of the expected amount (on the basis of 7 methylguanine found) was present within 4h after doses of 0.25mg/kg body wt. or less. Within 24h of administration of dimethylnitrosamine at doses of 1mg/kg or below, more than 85% of the expected amount of O(6)-methylguanine was removed. Removal was most efficient (defined in terms of the percentage of the O(6) methylguanine formed that was subsequently lost within 24h) after doses of 0.25 0.5mg/kg body wt. At doses greater or less than this the removal was less efficient, even though the absolute amount of O(6)-methylguanine lost during 24h increased with the dose of dimethylnitrosamine over the entire range of doses from 0.001 to 20mg/kg body wt. 3. Alkylation of kidney DNA after intraperitoneal injections of 1-50mug of dimethylnitrosamine/kg body wt. occurred at about one tenth the extent of alkylation of liver DNA. Removal of O(6)-methylguanine from the DNA also took place in the kidney, but was slower than in the liver. 4. After oral administration of these doses of dimethylnitrosamine, the alkylation of kidney DNA was much less than after intraperitoneal administration and represented only 1-2% of that found in the liver. 5. Alkylation of liver and kidney DNA was readily detectable when measured 24h after the final injection in rats that received daily injections of 1mug of [(3)H]dimethylnitrosamine/kg for 2 or 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, O(6)-methylguanine contents in the liver DNA were about 1% of the 7-methylguanine contents. The amount of 7-methylguanine in the liver DNA was 10 times that in the kidney DNA, but liver O(6)-methylguanine contents were only twice those in the kidney. 6. Extracts able to catalyse the removal of O(6)-methylguanine from alkylated DNA in vitro were isolated from liver and kidney. These extracts did not lead to the loss of 7-methylguanine from DNA. 7. The possible relevance of the formation and removal of O(6)-methylguanine in DNA to the risk of tumour induction by exposure to low concentrations of dimethylnitrosamine is discussed. PMID- 708373 TI - Structure and enzymic activity of ribonuclease-A esterified at glutamic acid-49 and aspartic acid-53. AB - The dimethyl ester of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease-A (dimethyl RNAase-A), the initial product of esterification of RNAase-A in anhydrous methanolic HCl, was isolated in a homogeneous form. The two carboxy functions esterified in this derivative are those of glutamic acid-49 and aspartic acid-53. There were no changes in the u.v.-absorption spectral characteristics, the accessibility of the methionine residues, the resistance of the protein to proteolysis by trypsin and the antigenic behaviour of RNAase-A as a result of the esterification of these two carboxy groups. Dimethyl RNAase-A exhibited only 65% of the specific activity of RNAase-A, but still had the same K(m) value for both RNA and 2':3'-cyclic CMP. However, the V(max.) was decreased by about 35%. On careful hydrolysis of the methyl ester groups at pH9.5, dimethyl RNAase-A was converted back into RNAase-A. Limited proteolysis of dimethyl RNAase-A by subtilisin resulted in the formation of an active RNAase-S-type derivative, namely dimethyl RNAase-S, which was chromatographically distinct from dimethyl RNAase-A and had very nearly the same enzymic activity as dimethyl RNAase-A. Fractionation of dimethyl RNAase-S by trichloroacetic acid yielded dimethyl RNAase-S-protein and dimethyl RNAase-S peptide, both of which were inactive by themselves but regenerated dimethyl RNAase-S when mixed together. Dimethyl RNAase-A-peptide was identical with RNAase S-peptide. RNAase-S-protein could be generated from dimethyl RNAase-S-protein by careful hydrolysis of the methyl ester groups at pH9.5. The interaction of dimethyl RNAase-S-protein with RNAase-S-peptide appears to be about 4-fold weaker than that between the RNAase-S-protein and RNAase-S-peptide. Conceivably, the binding of the S-peptide ;tail' of dimethyl RNAase-A with the remainder of the molecule is similarly weaker than that in RNAase-A, and this brings about subtle changes in the geometrical orientation of the active-site amino acid residues of these modified methyl ester derivatives. It is suggested that these changes could be responsible for the generation of the catalytically less-efficient RNAase-A and RNAase-S molecules (dimethyl RNAase-A and dimethyl RNAase-S respectively). PMID- 708374 TI - The oxygenation of [3-methyl-3H]desacetoxycephalosporin C [7beta-(5-D aminadipamido)-3-methylceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid] to [3-hydroxymethyl 3H]desacetylcephalosporin C by 2-oxoglutarate-linked dioxygenases from Acremonium chrysogenum and Streptomyces clavuligerus. AB - Cell-free extracts of Acremonium chrysogenum and Streptomyces clavuligerus oxidize the 3-methyl group of desacetoxycephalosporin C to a 3-hydroxymethyl group. The enzyme responsible for this reaction in these organisms was purified 20- and 30-fold respectively by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The enzymes, which were assayed with [3-methyl-3H]desacetoxycephalosporin C as substrate, have the properties expected of 2-oxoglutarate-linked dioxygenases. They require 2 oxoglutarate, Fe2+ cations and a mixture of reducing agents (dithiothreitol and ascorbate) for full activity. The enzyme from A. chrysogenum, but not that S. clavuligerus, is activated about 10-fold when it is preincubated with a reaction mixture from which either desacetoxycephalosporin C or 2-oxoglutarate is omitted. Fe2+ cations seem to play a key role in this activation. Both enzymes seem highly specific for cephalosporins with the natural 7beta-(5-D-aminoadipamido) side chain and are likely to be responsible for the oxidation of the 3-methylcephem nucleus in vivo. PMID- 708376 TI - Amino acid sequence of the N-terminal 108 amino acid residues of the B chain of subcomponent C1q of the first component of human complement. AB - The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal 108 residues of the B chain of subcomponent C1q of the first component of human complement was determined. The B chain has a blocked N-terminal amino acid, which was judged to be 5 oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid. A collagen-like region of 84 residues was found, which started at position B-6, and all of the six hydroxylysine residues and 12 hydroxyproline residues present in the chain were found in this region. Four of the six hydroxylysine residues may be glycosylated. The repeating nature of the collagen-like region is broken at position B-9, where alanine is found in a position where glycine would be expected. The exact position of the interchain disulphide bond joining the A and B chains of human subcomponent C1q was shown to be between residues A4 and B4. PMID- 708375 TI - The interaction of purified acetylcholinesterase from pig brain with liposomes. AB - The binding of pig brain acetylcholinesterase to artificial phospholipid membranes was investigated at different temperatures. Calculation of the thermodynamic parameters revealed a small negative enthalpy change, but a large negative change in the free energy and a large positive change in the entropy on binding. The large entropy change might be interpreted as being responsible for forming the enzyme-membrane complex and was indicative of hydrophobic interactions between lipid and protein. This conclusion would also favour the hypothesis that the enzyme was an integral protein. Further support for this theory was provided by the study of acetylcholinesterase binding to liposomes containing the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Lowering the temperature below the transition temperature or incorporating cholesterol into the liposomes decreased enzyme binding. Both factors could be interpreted as decreasing the fluidity of the hydrocarbon side chains of the phospholipids, causing an increase in bilayer thickness due to closer packing of side chains. This membrane condensation would certainly not favour the binding of integral protein molecules. PMID- 708378 TI - Removal by transamination and scission of residues from the peptide representing the copper-transport site of serum albumin. AB - The peptide Asp-Ala-His-NH-Me was subjected to removal of its N-terminal residue by transamination and scission. Despite the high affinity of the peptide for Cu2+ ions, they catalysed its transamination smoothly. Two main transamination products were found, a complication previously observed with another peptide with an N-terminal aspartic residue, but their scission gave a single product, Ala-His NH-Me. This was subjected to a further cycle of transamination and scission, and gave a single product after each step. For scission of transaminated peptides it proved unnecessary to remove them from transamination reagents provided that transamination was stopped with EDTA before adding the scission reagent. PMID- 708377 TI - Effect of heparin on thrombin inactivation by antithrombin-III. AB - The inactivation of thrombin by heat and by its physiological inhibitor, antithrombin-III, shows quite different dependence on heparin concentration. Heparin at 250 microgram/ml protects thrombin against heat inactivation, and thrombin behaves heterogeneously in this reaction. In the absence of heparin, the thermodynamic activation parameters change with temperature (deltaH+ = 733 kJ/mol and 210 kJ/mol at 50 and 58 degrees C respectively). When heparin is present, heat inactivation of the protected thrombin species proceeds with deltaH+ = 88 kJ/mol and is independent of temperature in the same range. On the other hand, heparin at 0.125-2.5 microgram/ml accelerates the thrombin-antithrombin-III reaction. Thrombin does not show heterogeneity in this reaction and the time courses at any heparin concentration and any temperature between 0 and 37 degrees C appear to follow first-order kinetics. Activation enthalpy is independent of heparin concentration or temperature, deltaH+ = 82-101 kJ/mol, varying slightly with antithrombin-III concentration and thrombin specific activity. Heparin seems to exert its effect by increasing activation entropy. On the basis of these data we suggest a mechanism of action of heparin in the thrombin-antithrombin-III reaction which accounts for all the important features of the latter and seems to unify the different hypotheses that have been advanced. PMID- 708379 TI - Protein and lipid components of the pigeon erythrocyte membrane. AB - The plasma membrane of the nucleated pigeon erythrocyte was isolated by a method that is simple, reproducible and minimally disruptive, the final preparation consisting of whole cell 'ghosts', recovered at over 40% yield. Alternative methods, which yield membrane fragments, were also tested and some of their possible disadvantages demonstrated. Analysis of the protein components of the isolated membranes by gel elctrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate revealed that their composition is very similar to that of the proteins of human erythrocyte membranes. However, two major proteins are unique to the nucleated cell membrane; these have apparent mol.wts. of 97000 and 57000. Also, the bands designated 4.2 (74500 mol.wt.) and 6 (35000 mol wt.) by Steck [(1974) J. Cell Biol. 62, 1-19] for the human cell membrane are absent from pigon cell membrane. Glycosylated membrane proteins could not be detected in gels stained with the periodate-Schiff-base procedure. Analysis of membrane phospholipids revealed the same components known to be present in mammalian erythrocytes, though in different proportions. These findings are discussed in the light of known physiological and biochemical differences between avian and mature mammalian erythrocytes. PMID- 708380 TI - Solubilization of isolated central-nervous-system myelin preparations by the amniotic detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate. AB - The mechanism for the solubilization of isolated central-nervous-system myelin by sodium dodecyl sulphate was studied in detail. The release of protein and phospholipid to the 100000 g x 1 h supernatant fraction is dependent on the total amount of detergent relative to the amount of membrane present and on the ionic strength of the solubilization system. Gel-filtration analysis of supernatant fractions indicate that at suboptimal concentrations of detergent these contain lipid-protein complexes. The complete dissociation of the individual protein components from lipid is dependent on the total amount of sodium dodecyl sulphate present in the system. The results indicate that for the analysis of membrane components in sodium dodecyl sulphate it is essential that sufficient detergent is present. PMID- 708381 TI - Molecular weight and subunit size of rabbit mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase. AB - 1. The molecular weights of fatty acid synthetases isolated from lactating rabbit, rat, cow and goat mammary glands were estimated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and compared by chromatography on Sepharose 6B. 2. The values obtained for all four enzymes were in the same range (0.40 X 10(6)-0.55 X 10(6)) as that found for other mammalian and avian fatty acid synthetases. The molecular weight found for the rabbit mammary enzyme therefore differs from published values of approx. 0.9 X 10(6). 3. The molecular weights of the subunits of these four synthetases were 225000-242000. Again, the value for the rabbit mammary enzyme differs from published values. PMID- 708382 TI - Interactions between different corneal proteoglycans. AB - Proteoglycans were extracted from bovine cornea with 4M-guanidinium chloride and purified by CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation. Under associative conditions two fractions were found: one capable of forming assemblies of high molecular weight and another lacking this property. The heavier fraction (density 1.59 g/ml) was eluted as a single retarded peak from Sepharose 2B, but on DEAE Sephadex chromatography, gave two peaks: the first (eluted with 0.75 M-NaCl) contained mainly proteochondroitin sulphate and the second (eluted with 1.25 M NaCl) mainly proteokeratan sulphate. Each of these proteoglycans was more retarded on Sepharose 2B than was the original sample from density-gradient centrifugation. Re-aggregation was obtained by recombination of the two fractions. The lighter fraction (density 1.44 g/ml), containing predominantly keratan sulphate chains, was eluted from DEAE-Sephadex as a single peak with 1.25 M-NaCl and was retarded on Sepharose 2B: this fraction was not able to form aggregates with proteochondroitin sulphate. Chemical analyses of the carbohydrate and protein moieties of the proteoglycans from DEAE-Sephadex confirmed that, in the cornea, different subunits are present with characteristic aggregation properties and hydrodynamic volumes. PMID- 708383 TI - Structural studies on the glycoproteins from bovine cervical mucus. AB - The depolymerization of bovine cervical glycoprotein resulting from cleavage of disulphide bonds. Pronase digestion and both procedures sequentially was assessed by using gel filtration. Cleavage of disulphide bonds followed by Pronase digestion produced more extensive depolymerization than did either treatment alone, and gel filtration of the products resulted in two major peaks of glycosylated material on Sepharose CL-2B and Sepharose 4B. The glycopolypeptides in both peaks had similar sugar and sulphate compositions, but they migrated to different extents on gel electrophoresis. Electrophoretic studies indicated that both glycopolypeptides were derived from the same glycoprotein molecule and not from a mixture of two similar glycoproteins. Pronase digestion of glycoproteins in which the disulphide bonds had been labelled with iodo-[1-14C]acetamide revealed that most of the cysteine residues were situated in regions susceptible to Pronase. The results show the presence of two types of structural regions in bovine cervical glycoprotein, namely 'naked' peptide or non-glycosylated regions and glycopolypeptide subunit regions in which glycopolypeptides of two different sizes predominate. Comparison of the cervical glycoproteins isolated from mucus secreted during oestrus and pregnancy, by the methods outlined above, did not reveal any structural differences in the glycoproteins to explain the different physical properties of the mucus secreted under these conditions. PMID- 708384 TI - Properties of human tissue isoferritins. AB - 1. Human liver ferritin was separated by preparative isoelectric focusing into six fractions. 2. Except for the least acidic fraction the reactivity with antibody against spleen ferritin increased with rising pI, but with antibody against heart ferritin the reactivity decreased. 3. The highest iron content was found in the most acidic isoferritins and progressively decreased with rising pI. 4. Iron uptake was studied in apoferritin prepared from heart and liver ferritin fractions separated by ion-exchange chromatography. There was good correlation between the rate of iron uptake and pI. The most acidic fractions took up iron more rapidly than did the more basic ones. 5. Ferritin was prepared from heart, liver, spleen and kidney. There was little difference on isoelectric focusing between ferritin obtained from normal tissues and the corresponding iron-loaded tissues from patients who had received multiple blood transfusions. The iron loaked heart ferritin invariably contained relatively more of the basic isoferritins. Normal and iron-overloaded heart ferritins were separated into isoferritin fractions by ion-exchange chromatography, and in each case there was a fall in iron content as the pI increased. The iron content of ferritin from the iron-overloaded heart was higher throughout than that from normal heart. 6. There is a relationship between the rate of iron uptake by apoferritin and pI, and this probably accounts for the variation in iron content of the isoferritins found in human liver and heart. PMID- 708385 TI - Haem degradation in abnormal haemoglobins. AB - The coupled oxidation of certain abnormal haemoglobins leads to different bile pigment isomer distributions from that of normal haemoglobin. The isomer pattern may be correlated with the structure of the abnormal haemoglobin in the neighbourhood of the haem pocket. This is support for haem degradation by an intramolecular reaction. PMID- 708386 TI - Proteins from sciatic-nerve myelin in quaking and jimpy mice. AB - Myelin from two neurological mutants in mice was isolated from sciatic nerves and its protein composition analysed. In Quaking mice, two intrinsic myelin proteins P1 and P2 were drastically decreased, whereas the major myelin protein P0 was unaffected. A normal protein composition was found in sciatic myelin from Jimpy mice. PMID- 708387 TI - A difference in the specificities of human liver N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidases A and B detected by their activities towards glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. AB - N-Acetyl-beta-hexosaminidases A and B differ in their activities towards oligosaccharides prepared from glycosaminoglycans. Trisaccharides from hyaluronic acid and desulphated chondroitin 4-sulphate were hydrolysed by N-acetyl-beta hexosaminidase A, but not by N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase B. PMID- 708388 TI - Oestrogen-induced cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in Xenopus laevis liver during vitellogenic response. AB - 1. Oestradiol-17beta induces livers of Xenopus laevis (South African clawed toad) to synthesize and secrete into the serum large quantities of the egg-yolk-protein precursor, vitellogenin. The peak of this response occurs 9-16 days after hormone treatment [Dolphin, Ansari, Lazier, Munday & Akhtar (1971) Biochem. J.124, 751 758]. It is now shown that 6 days after hormone treatment a 120-160-fold stimulation of the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid compared with control values occurred. 2. A cell-free system, derived from Xenopus liver, which synthesizes squalene and fatty acid is described. By using this system, several hundredfold stimulation of incorporation of [(14)C]acetate into squalene was recorded 6 days after the administration of oestradiol-17beta, compared with a 3 4-fold stimulation of incorporation of [(3)H]mevalonate compared with control values. It is argued that oestradiol-17beta must affect enzyme(s) catalysing step(s) between acetate and mevalonate in the biosynthetic pathway to cholesterol. 3. In incubation of liver slices in vitro, most of the lipid and cholesterol synthesized in response to the steroid hormone was associated with those subcellular fractions that contained membranes. Moreover, pulse-labelling experiments in vivo showed that 70% of this lipid and cholesterol was retained in the liver. The remainder appeared in the serum, where it was equally distributed between vitellogenin and vitellogenin-free serum. 4. G.l.c. analyses of the cholesterol content of liver microsomal fractions of Xenopus laevis indicated that the cholesterol content was at least 50% higher in microsomal fractions obtained from livers that had been exposed to oestradiol-17beta. Meanwhile, g.l.c. analysis of the lipid moiety of secreted vitellogenin showed that up to 35% of its lipid was cholesterol. PMID- 708389 TI - Comparative biochemistry of beta-oxidation. An investigation into the abilities of isolated heart mitochondria of various animal species to oxidize long-chain fatty acids, including the C22:1 monoenes. AB - Rates of acylcarnitine oxidation by isolated heart mitochondria from various animal species were measured polarographically, and by using a spectrophotometric assay [see Osmundsen & Bremer (1977) Biochem. J. 164, 621-633]. Polarographic measurements do not give a correct guide to abilities to beta-oxidize very-long chain acylcarnitines, in particular C22:1 fatty acylcarnitines. 2. No significant species differences were detected in the abilities to beta-oxidize various C22:1 fatty acylcarnitines. Significant species differences were, however, detected when rates of beta-oxidation were correlated with rates of respiration brought about by very-long-chain acylcarnitines. We concluded that some aspects of oxidative metabolism (possibly the oxidation of tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates) are inhibited by very-long-chain fatty acids in some species (e.g. the rat and the cat but not in others (e.g. the pig and the rabbit). 3. It is proposed that the pattern of variation of rates of oxidation of various acylcarnitines (as measured spectrophotometrically) of various chain lengths can be used as a guide to the chain-length specificities of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases of beta-oxidation (EC 1.3.99.3). PMID- 708390 TI - Glutamine metabolism in the kidney during induction of, and recovery from, metabolic acidosis in the rat. AB - Experiments were carried out on rats to evaluate the possible regulatory roles of renal glutaminase activity, mitochondrial permeability to glutamine, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and systemic acid-base changes in the control of renal ammonia (NH(3) plus NH(4) (+)) production. Acidosis was induced by drinking NH(4)Cl solution ad libitum. A pronounced metabolic acidosis without respiratory compensation [pH=7.25; HCO(3) (-)=16.9mequiv./litre; pCO(2)=40.7mmHg (5.41kPa)] was evident for the first 2 days, but thereafter acid-base status returned towards normal. This improvement in acid-base status was accompanied by the attainment of maximal rates of ammonia excretion (onset phase) after about 2 days. A steady rate of ammonia excretion was then maintained (plateau phase) until the rats were supplied with tap water in place of the NH(4)Cl solution, whereupon pCO(2) and HCO(3) (-) became elevated [55.4mmHg (7.37kPa) and 35.5mequiv./litre] and renal ammonia excretion returned to control values within 1 day (recovery phase). Renal arteriovenous differences for glutamine always paralleled rates of ammonia excretion. Phosphate-dependent glutaminase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities and the rate of glutamine metabolism (NH(3) production and O(2) consumption) by isolated kidney mitochondria all increased during the onset phase. The increases in glutaminase and in mitochondrial metabolism continued into the plateau phase, whereas the increase in the carboxykinase reached a plateau at the same time as did ammonia excretion. During the recovery phase a rapid decrease in carboxykinase activity accompanied the decrease in ammonia excretion, whereas glutaminase and mitochondrial glutamine metabolism in vitro remained elevated. The metabolism of glutamine by kidney-cortex slices (ammonia, glutamate and glucose production) paralleled the metabolism of glutamine in vivo during recovery, i.e. it returned to control values. The results indicate that the adaptations in mitochondrial glutamine metabolism must be regulated by extra-mitochondrial factors, since glutamine metabolism in vivo and in slices returns to control values during recovery, whereas the mitochondrial metabolism of glutamine remains elevated. PMID- 708391 TI - Mechanism of dealkylation of clionasterol in the insect Tenebrio molitor. AB - 1. 25-3H- and 26-14C-labelled (24S)-24-ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol (clionasterol) were synthesized from (24S)-24-ethylcholesta-5,25-dien-3beta-ol. 2. These labelled substrates were mixed and administered, together with the hypocholesterolemic agent, triparanol citrate, to Tenebrio molitor larvae. 3. The 3H label from the clionasterol substrate was retained in both the desmosterol and the cholesterol isolated from the larvae. 4. Location of this 3H label in the desmosterol showed that dealkylation of the clionasterol involved 3H migration from C-25 to C-24. A possible mechanism for dealkylation is presented. PMID- 708392 TI - Metabolism of the surfactants sodium undecyltriethoxy sulphate and sodium dodecyltriethoxy sulphate in the rat. AB - The metabolic fates of the synthetic surfactants, sodium [1 (14)C]undecyltriethoxy sulphate and sodium [1-(14)C]dodecyltriethoxy sulphate were studied in the rat. Both compounds were extensively metabolized regardless of the route of administration, oral, intraperitoneal or intravenous. Short-chain radioactive products were eliminated in the urine: the major metabolite of the dodecyl homologue in the urine was identified as (-)O(2)C(14)CH(2)- (OC(2)H(4))(3)OSO(3) (-) by n.m.r. and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry, whereas the major metabolite of the undecyl homologue in the urine was tentatively identified as (-)O(2)CCH(2) (14)CH(2)- (OC(2)H(4))(3)OSO(3) (-). In contrast with experiments with the dodecyl derivative, when [1-(14)C]undecyltriethoxy sulphate was administered to rats, appreciable amounts of radioactivity were recovered as (14)CO(2) in expired air. Whole-body radioautography implicated the liver as the major site of metabolism of both surfactants. The nature of the metabolic products establishes that both compounds are degraded by omega,beta-oxidation. Cleavage of the ether linkage proximal to the sulphate moiety may account for the small amounts of (14)CO(2) recovered in expired air after the administration of [1-(14)C]dodecyltriethoxy sulphate. It is suggested the substantial amounts of (14)CO(2) recovered after [1-(14)C]-undecyltriethoxy sulphate administration originate from (-)O(2) (14)C(OC(2)H(4))(3) OSO(3) (-), an unstable product of omega,beta-oxidation. An n.m.r. spectrum of the metabolite identified as 2 (triethoxy sulphate)acetic acid and a mass spectrum of the trimethylsilyl derivative of the parent alcohol of that metabolite have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP50086 (5 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5. PMID- 708394 TI - Utilization by the isolated perfused rat liver of N-acetyl-D-[1-14C]galactosamine and N-[3H]acetyl-D-galactosamine for the biosynthesis of glycoproteins. AB - The isolated perfused rat liver system has been used to monitor the utilization of N-[3H]acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-[1-14C]galactosamine for the biosynthesis of radiolabelled glycoproteins, which are subsequently secreted into the plasma. Both radiolabels appear in a number of different glycoproteins, predominantly as sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. The ratio of labelled sialic acid to labelled N-acetylglucosamine varies for different glycoproteins, but the bulk of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine is incorporated without deacetylation. PMID- 708393 TI - Evidence for the existence of different pools of microsomal phosphatidylinositol by the use of phosphatidylinositol-exchange protein. AB - 1. The phosphatidylinositol-exchange protein from bovine brain was used to determine to what extent phosphatidylinositol in rat liver microsomal membranes is available for transfer. 2. The microsomal membranes used in the transfer reaction contained either phosphatidyl[2-(3)H]inositol or (32)P-labelled phospholipid. The (32)P-labelled microsomal membranes were isolated from rat liver after an intraperitoneal injection of [(32)P]P(i). The (3)H-labelled microsomal membranes and rough- and smooth-endoplasmic-reticulum membranes were prepared in vitro by the incorporation of myo-[2-(3)H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol by either exchange in the presence of Mn(2+) or biosynthesis de novo in the presence of CTP and Mg(2+). 3. Tryptic or chymotryptic treatment of the microsomes impaired the biosynthesis de novo of phosphatidylinositol. It was therefore concluded that the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol and/or its immediate precursor CDP-diacylglycerol takes place on the cytoplasmic surface of the microsomal membrane. 4. Under the conditions of incubation 42% of the microsomal phosphatidyl[2-(3)H]inositol was transferred with an estimated half life of 5min; 38% was transferred with an estimated half-life of about 1h; the remaining 20% was not transferable. Identical results were obtained irrespective of the method of myo-[2-(3)H]inositol incorporation. 5. Both measurement of phosphatidylinositol phosphorus in the microsomes after transfer and the transfer of microsomal [(32)P]phosphatidylinositol indicate that phosphatidyl[2-(3)H] inositol formed by exchange or biosynthesis de novo was homogeneously distributed throughout the microsomal phosphatidylinositol. 6. We present evidence that the slowly transferable pool of phosphatidylinositol does not represent the luminal side of the microsomal membrane; hence we suggest that this phosphatidylinositol is bound to membrane proteins. PMID- 708395 TI - Kinetics of polyamine synthesis and turnover in mouse fibroblasts. AB - Kinetics of polyamine synthesis and degradation were studied in mouse fibroblasts growing in suspension culture. The approach was to prelabel cells with radioactive polyamines and to observe the rate of loss of radioactivity and the rate of decrease in specific activity of these compounds in cells. Radioactive putrescine declined with a half-life of 1.5-2h, whether derived directly from exogenous putrescine or indirectly from ornithine. Much of this turnover was due to excretion, the kinetics of which suggested that a steady-state was being established between putrescine inside and outside the cells. Within 5h of medium change, cells growing at a density of 5x10(5)cells/ml had supplied putrescine to the medium to a concentration of about 1mum. When cells were prelabelled with either putrescine or spermidine, radioactivity in cell spermidine declined with a half-life of 60h. This rate of turnover is sufficient to provide all the spermine required by the cell. Spermine synthesis was the only observed reaction of spermidine, although some excretion into the growth medium was detected. Spermine was not degraded at a detectable rate as long as cells were growing exponentially; in stationary phase, degradation to spermidine, which was excreted, became significant. The half-lives of the specific activities of spermine, spermidine and putrescine were 24, 15 and 1.5h respectively. From these values, the rate of synthesis of each was calculated. Spermidine was synthesized at 6.8 times the rate of spermine, and putrescine was synthesized at 0.46nmol/10(6)cells per h, twice the rate of spermidine. The significance of these kinetic parameters is discussed. PMID- 708397 TI - Developmental changes in the activity of lipoprotein lipase (clearing-factor lipase) in rat lung, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. AB - The lipoprotein lipase activity of the lung, skeletal muscle, heart muscle and brown adipose tissue of the rat was studied during the period from late foetal to adult life. The enzyme activity in all four tissues emerged substantially during the first 24th after birth. Subsequently, heart and lung enzyme activity remained relatively constant per unit wet weight of tissue. The enzyme activity present in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle was elevated per unit weight of tissue during suckling compared with other periods of life. Delivery of near-term foetuses stimulated the emergence of enzyme activity in all four tissues with the same time course as that evoked by normal delivery. The significance of the presence of the enzyme in the tissues and the activity changes which occurred during development are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of control. PMID- 708396 TI - Analytical subcellular fractionation of needle-biopsy specimens from human liver. AB - 1. Fragments (2-20 mg wet wt.) of closed needle-biopsy specimens from human liver were disrupted in iso-osmotic sucrose and subjected to low-speed centrifugation. The supernatant was layered on a linear sucrose-density gradient in the Beaufay small-volume automatic zonal rotor. The following organelles, with equilibrium densities (g/ml) and principal marker enzyme shown in parentheses, were resolved: plasma membrane (1.12-1.14; 5'-nucleotidase); lysosomes (1.15-1.20; N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase); mitochondria (1.20; malate dehydrogenase); endoplasmic reticulum (1.17-1.21; neutral alpha-glucosidase); peroxisomes (1.22-1.24; catalase). 2. The distribution of particulate alkaline phosphatase and, to a lesser degree, leucine 2-naphthylamidase followed that of 5'-nucleotidase. gamma Glutamyltransferase was associated with membranes of significantly higher equilibrium density than was 5'-nucleotidase. 3. The distribution of 12 acid hydrolases was determined in the density-gradient fractions. beta-Glucosidase had a predominantly cytosolic localization, but the other enzymes showed a broad distribution of activity throughout the gradient. Evidence was presented for two populations of lysosomes with equilibrium densities of 1.15 and 1.20 g/ml, but containing differing amounts of each enzyme. Further evidence of lysosomal heterogeneity was demonstrated by studying the distribution of isoenzymes of hexosaminidase and of acid phosphatase. 4. The resolving power of the centrifugation procedure can be further enhanced with membrane perturbants. Digitonin (0.12 mM) selectively disrupted lysosomes, markedly increased the equilibrium density of plasma-membrane components and lowered the density of the endoplasmic reticulum, but did not affect the mitochondria or peroxisomes. Pyrophosphate (15 mM) selectively lowered the equilibrium density of the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 708398 TI - Induction of rat kidney gluconeogenesis during acute liver intoxication by carbon tetrachloride. AB - 1. Glucose production from L-lactate was completely inhibited 24h after carbon tetrachloride treatment in liver from 48h-starved rats. The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose diphosphatase and glucose 6 phosphatase were decreased by this treatment in fed and starved rats, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity was only decreased in fed animals. 2. The production of glucose by renal cortical slices from fed rats previously treated with carbon tetrachloride was enhanced when L-lactate, pyruvate and glutamine but not fructose were used as glucose precursors. Renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was increased in this condition. 3. This increase was counteracted by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, suggesting that the effect was due to the synthesis de novo of the enzyme. 4. The pattern of hepatic gluconeogenic metabolites in treated animals was characterized by an increase in lactate, pyruvate, malate and citrate as well as a decrease in glucose 6 phosphate, suggesting an impairment of liver gluconeogenesis in vivo. 5. In contrast, the profile of renal metabolites suggested that gluconeogenesis was operative in the treated rats, as indicated by the marked increase in the content of phosphoenolpyruvate, 2-phosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate and glucose 6 phosphate. 6. It is postulated that renal gluconeogenesis could contribute to the maintenance of glycaemia in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. PMID- 708399 TI - Effects of amino acids, ammonia and leupeptin on protein synthesis and degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Protein synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes, as measured by the incorporation of [14C]-valine at constant specific radioactivity, proceeded at a rate of 0.3 0.5%/h in an unsupplemented medium, i.e. only about one-tenth the rate of protein degradation (4%/h). Leupeptin, which inhibits lysosomal protein degradation (previously found to be 75% of the total degradation in hepatocytes), had no effect on protein synthesis, showing that endogenous protein degradation supplied amino acids in excess of the substrate requirements for protein synthesis. The inhibition of protein synthesis by NH4Cl (another inhibitor of lysosomal protein degradation) as well as the stimulation by a physiological amino acid mixture must therefore represent indirect effects, either on general energy metabolism, or on unknown regulatory processes. PMID- 708401 TI - Modeccin, the toxin of Adenia digitata. Purification, toxicity and inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro. AB - 1. Modeccin, the toxin of Adenia digitata (Modecca digitata), was purified from the roots of this plant by affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B. 2. This toxin is a protein with mol.wt. 57000, which on treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol can be dissociated into two subunits of mol.wts. 25000 and 32000. 3. Modeccin inhibits protein synthesis in vitro in a lysate of rabbit reticulocytes and in Ehrlich ascites cells; the effect on cells is decreased in the presence of lactose. 4. Dissociation of modeccin into subunits decreases the toxicity to animals and the inhibition of protein synthesis in cells, but enhances the inhibition of protein synthesis in the lysate system. PMID- 708400 TI - Chromatin structure through the cell cycle. Studies with regeneration rat liver. AB - Liver nuclei were prepared through the first cell cycle in partially hepatectomized young rats showing 30% parenchymal cell synchrony. To determine if nucleosome structure altered during this period, liver nuclei from sham-operated rats were compared with nuclei isolated at various times after partial hepatectomy. These nuclei were exposed to deoxyribonuclease I (EC 3.1.4.5), deoxyribonuclease II (EC 3.1.4.6) or micrococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7) and the nucleosome-associated DNA length was ascertained. In no case was a difference in the DNA lengths associated with nucleosome structure observed. Differences were observed with regard to the histones and their relative association with nuclear material. When nuclei from normal rat livers were incubated in hypo-osmolar medium 9% of histone 1 and 4% of the other histones were released. These released histones, unlike those remaining bound to the nuclei, showed high [3H]adenosine and [3H]acetate uptakes in vivo. [32P]P1 uptake was also much greater into released than bound histones 1 and 3, but was not different for histone2A. At 3.5 4.5 h after partial hepatectomy, the release of histone 1 was trebled and that of histone 4 doubled. By 13.5 h, when phosphorylation of the bound forms of histones 2A and especially 1 was increased, no further changes in histone release in hypo osmolar medium were found. The released histones from partially hepatectomized livers had indistinguishable [3H]adenosine uptakes from controls. The roles are discussed of phosphorylation and ADP-ribosylation in labilizing histone binding. PMID- 708402 TI - The purification and some properties of rusticyanin, a blue copper protein involved in iron(II) oxidation from Thiobacillus ferro-oxidans. AB - The 'blue' copper-containing protein rusticyanin was purified to homogeneity from cells of the chemolithotrophic bacterium Thiobacillus ferro-oxidans by (NH4)SO4 fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. The protein, which is stable at low pH, consists of a single polypeptide chain of mol. wt. 16500 and possesses 0.79 (+/- 0.28)g-atom of Cu/mol. The protein, which does not contain arginine residues, has optical absorbance maxima at 287, 450, 597 and 750 nm and is generally similar to azurin. The isolated protein is reduced directly by Fe2+ with a 1:1 stoicheiometry to Cu. On reduction by Fe2+ the absorption peaks at 450, 597 and 750 nm are abolished, with the appearance of a new absorption band at 320 nm. The results obtained are consistent with rusticyanin being the initial acceptor of electrons from Fe2+ during respiratory iron oxidation. PMID- 708403 TI - Incorporation of ribonucleic acid in vitro into dense ribonucleoprotein-like materials by isolated rat liver nuclei. AB - A cell-free system of isolated rat liver nuclei is described which permits an active incorporation of newly synthesized RNA into 'dense' ribonucleoprotein-like materials. The reaction is stimulated with increasing amounts of cytosol protein isolated from rat liver. This indicates that cytosol protein plays an important role in the formation of such material. PMID- 708404 TI - The brush border of rabbit kidney, a cellular compartment free of glycolytic enzymes. AB - Activities of four enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, hexokinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, were determined in a vesicular brush-border preparation from rabbit kidneys. The specific activities of the enzymes were decreased several-hundredfold in the brush-border preparation compared with a kidney homogenate, but the enzymes were not totally absent. Density-gradient centrifugation of the brush-border preparation yielded brush border of even higher purity and also a characteristic pattern of distribution for each of the contaminating intracellular membranes. The presence of hexokinase in the brush-border preparation could be traced to contaminating mitochondria, and that of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase to contaminating vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. The brush-border vesicles contained some ATP. An intravesicular concentration of 0.1mm was estimated, indicating that the vesicles had retained at least a part of their original content. Experiments in which fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (mol.wt. 20000) was present during cell lysis revealed that much, but not all, of the brush-border contents had been exchanged with the medium. The complete absence of glycolytic enzymes from brush-border vesicles, which had retained part of their original content, indicates that the brush border does not contain glycolytic enzymes in vivo and can be thought of as a compartment of its own, somehow separated from the cytoplasm. PMID- 708405 TI - Adenine nucleotides in foetal rat liver cells. Compartmentation and variation with age. AB - The digitonin method for the separation of cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions was applied to liver cells isolated from foetal rats. The cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP] ratio approximately doubles during the last 4 days of gestation, whereas the mitochondrial ratio remains constant. In the presence of oligomycin and added glucose, the cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP] ratio does not increase with age, but is still considerably higher than the mitochondrial ratio. Without added glucose, and when the glycogen content of foetal liver is still very low (more than 3 days before birth), the cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP] ratio in the presence of oligomycin becomes very low and equal to the mitochondrial ratio. It is concluded that the increasein the cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP] ratio during the last 4 days of gestation is solely due to enhanced mitochondrial activity in this period. Atractyloside and bongkrekic acid do not influence the O2 consumption, nor the [ATP]/[ADP] ratios in either compartment of foetal liver cells. Respiration of isolated foetal mitochondria, however, is strongly inhibited by both compounds. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 708406 TI - The effect of dietary carbohydrate and fat on the activities of some enzymes responsible for glycerolipid synthesis in rat liver. AB - 1. Male rats were fed for 14 days on diets containing (by wt.) 53% of starch, or on diets in which 20% of the starch was replaced by sucrose, corn oil or lard. 2. The hepatic activities of the microsomal glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase, phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and choline phosphotransferase, and of the soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, were measured. 3. The soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity was higher in those rats fed on lard than in those fed on the starch diet. Choline phosphotransferase activity was higher in the rats fed on corn oil than in those fed on the starch diet. 4. The rate of hepatic glycerolipid synthesis was measured in vivo 1 min after injection of [1,3 3H]glycerol and [1-14C]palmitate into the portal veins. 5. The relative rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in vivo was increased after feeding with corn oil and the higher specific activity of choline phosphotransferase may contribute to this result. The equivalent rate of triacylglycerol synthesis was increased by feeding with lard rather than corn oil, and the increased activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase may partly explain this. The latter changes probably contribute to the increased concentration of triacylglycerol which other authors have observed in the livers and sera of animals fed on saturated and monounsaturated fats. PMID- 708407 TI - Effects of testosterone on messenger ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in rat seminal vesicle. AB - In a previous report [Higgins et al. (1976) Biochem. J.158, 271-282] we described the effects of alterations in androgen status on the synthesis of two basic secretory proteins of the rat seminal vesicle. In the present paper we examine the effects of testosterone on the activity of mRNA in the seminal vesicle. Total cellular poly(A)-rich RNA was isolated and translated in a cell-free system prepared from wheat germ. Translation products were separated on denaturing polyacrylamide gels and the protein bands corresponding to the two basic secretory proteins were identified immunologically. Incorporation of radioactive methionine into these bands was taken as a measure of the individual mRNA activities. Total mRNA activity was estimated by radioactivity in total acid precipitable material. The results show that 1 to 2 weeks after castration the activities of mRNA molecules for the basic secretory proteins were decreased 10 20-fold on a tissue basis. Testosterone given in vivo rapidly and substantially restores mRNA activity to normal. Since these changes correlate closely with variations in the rates of synthesis of the secretory proteins in whole cells it suggests that androgenic steroids control protein synthesis chiefly via mRNA availability. In this respect their action resembles those of other steroid hormones acting in other systems. However, these effects of testosterone on the mRNA molecules for the major secretory proteins could not be distinguished from those on total mRNA. Thus the proportion of the total mRNA population accounted for by the two specific mRNA molecules showed less than a 2-fold variation with androgen status. Similarly the two secretory proteins always accounted for 25-33% of general protein synthesis. This is in sharp contrast with the markedly differential effects of other steroid hormones controlling synthesis of major proteins in other well-studied systems. We interpret our results as indicating that testosterone regulates the mRNA population of the seminal vesicle as a whole. PMID- 708409 TI - Derivation of an electron-transport rate equation, energy-conservation equations and a luminescence-flux equation of algal and plant photosynthesis. AB - On the assumption that the photosynthetic electron-transport rate is sometimes limited on the water-splitting side of Q (the oxidized primary electron acceptor), and that Q reduction, as well as primary charge recombination, is not kinetically a monomolecular process, a rate equation, a luminescence-flux equation and several versions of energy-conservation equations are derived. The energy-conservation equations explain most, if not all, observed relationships between rate and fluorescence. In particular, by assuming that the limiting site on the water-splitting side of Q is uncoupler-sensitive, these equations explain the uncoupler-induced simultaneous stimulations of rate and fluorescence as well as inhibition of luminescence without additional assumption ad hoc for each individual phenomenon. A newly introduced parameter central to the derivation of these equations is the specific affinity between two electron carriers. PMID- 708408 TI - Transverse organization of phospholipids across the bilayer of plasma-membrane subfractions of rat hepatocytes. AB - Phospholipase C treatment of vesicular subfractions of plasma membranes derived from the three functional domains of rat liver indicated that there is an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids across the bilayer of these membranes. The bile-canalicular and sinusoidal membranes were similar and different from the contiguous membrane. PMID- 708410 TI - The metabolic fate of (2-14C)folic acid and a mixture of (2-14C)- and (3',5',9 3h)-folic acid in the rat. AB - The metabolism of [2-14C]folic acid over 13 days and a mixture of [2-14C]- and [3',5',9-3h]-folic acid in rats over a 6-day period is described. Both 14C and 3H are excreted in urine over the 6-day period, but 3H and 14C are only detectable in faeces for 2 days. A breakdown product of folic acid labelled with 3H only was found in some urine samples, but no metabolite corresponding to the part of the molecule containing 14C was detected. These experiments show that in the whole animal a substantial portion of orally administered folic acid undergoes scission shortly after administration [Blair Biochem. J. (1957) 68, 385-387] and that the retained folates are a shortage form for folate monoglutamates. PMID- 708411 TI - The role of lipid components of the diet in the regulation of the fatty acid composition of the rat liver endoplasmic reticulum and lipid peroxidation. AB - The fatty acid compositions of the lipids and the lipid peroxide concentrations and rates of lipid peroxidation were determined in suspensions of liver endoplasmic reticulum isolated from rats fed on synthetic diets in which the fatty acid composition had been varied but the remaining constituents (protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals) kept constant. Stock diet and synthetic diets containing no fat, 10% corn oil, herring oil, coconut oil or lard were used. The fatty acid composition of the liver endoplasmic reticulum lipid was markedly dependent on the fatty acid composition of the dietary lipid. Feeding a herring-oil diet caused incorporation of 8.7% eicosapentaenoic acid (C(20:5)) and 17% docosahexaenoic acid (C(22:6)), but only 5.1% linoleic acid (C(18:2)) and 6.4% arachidonic acid (C(20:4)), feeding a corn-oil diet caused incorporation of 25.1% C(18:2), 17.8% C(20:4) and 2.5% C(22:6) fatty acids, and feeding a lard diet caused incorporation of 10.3% C(18:2), 13.5% C(20:4) and 4.3% C(22:6) fatty acids into the liver endoplasmic-reticulum lipids. Phenobarbitone injection (100mg/kg) decreased the incorporation of C(20:4) and C(22:6) fatty acids into the liver endoplasmic reticulum of rats fed on a lard, corn-oil or herring-oil diet. Microsomal lipid peroxide concentrations and rates of peroxidation in the presence of ascorbate depended on the nature and quantity of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet. The lipid peroxide content was 1.82+/-0.30nmol of malonaldehyde/mg of protein and the rate of peroxidation was 0.60+/-0.08nmol of malonaldehyde/min per mg of protein after feeding a fat-free diet, and the values were increased to 20.80nmol of malonaldehyde/mg of protein and 3.73nmol of malonaldehyde/min per mg of protein after feeding a 10% herring-oil diet in which polyunsaturated fatty acids formed 24% of the total fatty acids. Addition of alpha-tocopherol to the diets (120mg/kg of diet) caused a very large decrease in the lipid peroxide concentration and rate of lipid peroxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum, but addition of the synthetic anti-oxidant 2,6-di-t-butyl 4-methylphenol to the diet (100mg/kg of diet) was ineffective. Treatment of the animals with phenobarbitone (1mg/ml of drinking water) caused a sharp fall in the rate of lipid peroxidation. It is concluded that the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the diet regulates the fatty acid composition of the liver endoplasmic reticulum, and this in turn is an important factor controlling the rate and extent of lipid peroxidation in vitro and possibly in vivo. PMID- 708412 TI - The influence of passive stretch on the growth and protein turnover of the denervated extensor digitorum longus muscle. AB - At 7 days after cutting the sciatic nerve, the extensor digitorum longus muscle was smaller and contained less protein than its innervated control. Correlating with these changes was the finding of elevated rates of protein degradation (measured in vitro) in the denervated tissue. However, at this time, rates of protein synthesis (measured in vitro) and nucleic acid concentrations were also higher in the denervated tissue, changes more usually associated with an active muscle rather than a disused one. These anabolic trends have, at least in part, been explained by the possible greater exposure of the denervated extensor digitorum longus to passive stretch. When immobilized under a maintained influence of stretch the denervated muscle grew to a greater extent. Although this stretch-induced growth appeared to occur predominantly through a stimulation of protein synthesis, it was opposed by smaller increases in degradative rates. Nucleic acids increased at a similar rate to the increase in muscle mass when a continuous influence of stretch was imposed on the denervated tissue. In contrast, immobilization of the denervated extensor digitorum longus in a shortened unstretched state reversed most of the stretch-induced changes; that is, the muscle became even smaller, with protein synthesis decreasing to a greater extent than breakdown after the removal of passive stretch. The present investigation suggests that stretch will promote protein synthesis and hence growth of the extensor digitorum longus even in the absence of an intact nerve supply. However, some factor(s), in addition to passive stretch, must contribute to the anabolic trends in this denervated muscle. PMID- 708413 TI - The biochemical basis for the conjugation of bile acids with either glycine or taurine. AB - All animals, except for the placental mammals, conjugate their bile acids exclusively with taurine. However, in certain of the placental mammals, glycine conjugates are also found. The basis for the appearance of glycine conjugation among the placental mammals was investigated. The reaction of choloyl-CoA with glycine and taurine, as catalysed by the soluble fraction from guinea-pig liver, had a high affinity for taurine and a poor affinity for glycine. The predominant synthesis of glycine conjugates in the guinea pig can be related to the fact that guinea-pig liver contains an unusually low concentration of taurine and a high concentration of glycine. Rabbits make exclusively glycine conjugates and their livers also contain low concentrations of taurine. However, the biochemical basis for their glycine conjugation is more straightforward than in the guinea pig in that the soluble fraction from rabbit liver has a high affinity for glycine and a poor affinity for taurine. Alternative-substrate-inhibition studies with glycine and taurine in soluble fractions from guinea-pig and rabbit liver revealed that glycine and taurine were mutually inhibitory. This suggests that there is only one enzyme for glycine and taurine conjugation in these tissues. The soluble fractions from bovine liver and human liver also made both glycine and taurine conjugates and evidence is presented that suggests that there is only one enzyme in these tissues too. Even the rat, which excretes mostly taurine conjugates, could make both glycine and taurine conjugates in vitro. However, in contrast with all of the placental mammals studied, the supernatant fraction from liver of the chicken, and other non-mammals, could not make glycine conjugates even in the presence of very high concentrations of glycine. PMID- 708414 TI - Differential light-scattering of granal and agranal chloroplasts and their fragments. AB - Intact (class-A) granal and agranal maize chloroplasts and chloroplast fragments were examined for differential scattering of circularly polarized light (measured at 90 degrees) and c.d. (circular dichroism) (measured at 0 degrees) by using a modified spectropolarimeter with a large acceptance angle. Useful c.d. information was obtained by making corrections for scattered light. Chloroplast fragments exhibited a large and characteristic differential scattering of circularly polarized light recognized in the presence of granal chloroplasts. It is confirmed that agranal chloroplasts do not have the intense 682 nm c.d. peak that is assigned to the presence of grana. PMID- 708415 TI - Disialoganglioside GDla of rat brain subcellular particles during development. AB - The increase observed in the amount of the disialoganglioside GDlof the rat cerebrum during development between 21 and 81 days of age accounted for nearly 40% of the overall increase in total ganglioside in the tissue during the same period. Subcellular fractionation showed the microsomal fraction to contribute by far the most towards this increase in Cerebral ganglioside GDla. It is suggested that microsomal ganglioside GDla may serve as a marker for dendritic arborization in the rat cerebrum. PMID- 708416 TI - Stereospecific biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in mammary glands from lactating rats. AB - Microsomal plus cytosol preparations from the mammary gland of lactating rats are capable of incorporating palmitic acid and oleic acid into triacylglycerols. These triacylglycerols are similar in structure to those found in rat milk, where palmitic acid tends to be confined to the sn-2-position of the glycerol. Both glycerol 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate function as acyl acceptors. The enzymic synthesis of triacylglycerols appears in late pregnancy, increases rapidly during early lactation, but disappears within 3 days of weaning. PMID- 708417 TI - The lipoprotein lipase (clearing-factor lipase) activity of cells isolated from rat cardiac muscle. AB - The total lipoprotein lipase activity recovered in suspension of cells prepared from adult rat hearts was unaffected by the nutritional state of the animals used. The enzyme activity present in the cell suspensions was almost exclusively associated with the cardiac muscle cells present as the major cell type. PMID- 708418 TI - Stimulation by hematin of monooxygenase activity in extra-hepatic tissues from rats, rabbits and chickens. PMID- 708419 TI - On the mechanism of irreversible thermoinactivation of enzymes and possibilities for reactivation of "irreversibly" inactivated enzymes. PMID- 708420 TI - Isolation of a novel glycoprotein from the eggs of rainbow trout: occurrence of disialosyl groups on all carbohydrate chains. PMID- 708421 TI - Inhibition of sterol biosynthesis by 14alpha-hydroxymethyl sterols. PMID- 708422 TI - Strictly maternal inheritance of rat mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 708423 TI - Hydration and selfassociation of haemoglobin in solution. PMID- 708424 TI - Studies of lysosomal function: I. Metabolism of some complex lipids by isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. PMID- 708425 TI - Substrate conformation in 5'-AMP-utilizing enzymes: 8,5'-cycloadenosine 5' monophosphate. PMID- 708426 TI - Structure of rhodotorucine A, a novel lipopeptide, inducing mating tube formation in Rhodosporidium toruloides. PMID- 708427 TI - Inhibition of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate epimerization and degradation products. PMID- 708428 TI - Glutathione S-transferase activities in rat and mouse sperm and human semen. PMID- 708429 TI - Effects of 3'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate on in vitro RNA synthesis of plant RNA dependent RNA polymerases. PMID- 708430 TI - Restriction endonuclease analysis of human globin genes in cellular DNA. PMID- 708432 TI - A novel proteinase associated with mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 708431 TI - Photosystem I electron transport and phosphorylation supported by electron donation to the plastoquinone region. PMID- 708433 TI - The effect of lipid composition on liposome-lectin interaction. PMID- 708435 TI - The degradation of labelled lanosterol by homogenate of rat liver: evidence for the formation of lithocholic acid from lanosterol without cholesterol as intermediate. PMID- 708434 TI - Inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes by heavy metals in vitro. PMID- 708436 TI - Polyconfiguron-model for the A-protein of coliphage MS2. PMID- 708437 TI - Possible relationship of the hepatic microsomal ATP-dependent calcium pump to sex differences in triacylglycerol synthesis. PMID- 708438 TI - The limited proteolysis of rabbit muscle aldolase by cathepsin B1. PMID- 708439 TI - Comparative studies on molecular hybridization of nuclear RNA synthesized by isolated rat liver nuclei: effect of homologous and heterologous cytosol. PMID- 708440 TI - Processing of prepromelittin by subcellular fractions from rat liver. PMID- 708441 TI - Cellular DNA damage by the antitumor protein macromomycin and its relationship to cell growth inhibition. PMID- 708442 TI - Mode of action of antitumour antibiotics-III: modulation of permeability of nuclear membrane in the presence of the antibiotics. PMID- 708443 TI - Specific inhibition of oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase by hydroxylamine. PMID- 708444 TI - Phototransformation of phytochrome in the dark. PMID- 708445 TI - The isolation and characterization of the methyl acceptor protein from adrenal chromaffin granules. PMID- 708446 TI - Increased analgesic activities of a fluorinated and a dimeric analogue of [D-Ala 2]-methionine enkephalinamide. PMID- 708448 TI - Circular dichroism studies of the fatty acid synthetase complex from the insect Ceratitis capitata. PMID- 708447 TI - Evidence for the regulation of pyridoxal 5-phosphate formation in liver by pyridoxamine (pyridoxine) 5 -phosphate oxidase. PMID- 708449 TI - The effect of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine on the hepatic steroid metabolism and serum pituitary hormone levels in normal rats and rats with an ectopic pituitary. PMID- 708450 TI - The binding of chloramphenicol to albumin of normal and uremic sera. PMID- 708451 TI - On the binding of the bisquaternary ammonium compound paraquat to melanin and cartilage in vivo. PMID- 708452 TI - The effect of cannabinoids (delta9-THC and delta8-THC) on hepatic microsomal metabolism of testosterone in vitro. PMID- 708453 TI - Antiporphyric activity of theophylline in normal and allylisopropylacetaminde treated rats. PMID- 708454 TI - Novel (-)deprenyl-derived selective inhibitors of B-type monoamine oxidase. The relation of structure to their action. PMID- 708455 TI - Effects of marcaine, a myotoxic drug, on macromolecular synthesis in muscle. PMID- 708456 TI - Influence of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cell proliferation and macromolecular biosynthesis in human cells. PMID- 708457 TI - N-substituted cyclopropylamines as inhibitors of MAO-A and -B forms. PMID- 708458 TI - Effects of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and phenobarbital on hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenases in adjuvant disease in the rat. PMID- 708460 TI - Effect of morphine on hepatic lipid metabolism. PMID- 708459 TI - Effects of the d- and l-isomers of amphetamine on the levels of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate in whole rat brain and rat brain regions. PMID- 708461 TI - Partial purification of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from small dense nuclei of mouse brain. PMID- 708462 TI - Effects of pentylenetetrazol and trimethadione on feline brain monoamine metabolism. PMID- 708463 TI - Growth inhibitory, transport and biochemical properties of the gamma-glutamyl and gamma-aspartyl peptides of methotrexate in L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. PMID- 708464 TI - Effect of some steroids on bovine pancreatic ribonuclease activity in vitro. PMID- 708465 TI - Effects of mazindol on rat brain synaptosomal monoamine uptake. PMID- 708466 TI - Metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity of ehemical carcinogens and non-carcinogens. PMID- 708467 TI - A benzylamine oxidase distinct from monoamine oxidase B--widespread distribution in man and rat. PMID- 708468 TI - Studies on the hepatic microsomal metabolism of (14C) phenanthrene. PMID- 708470 TI - Studies on the mode of interaction of 4'-epi-adriamycin and 4-demethoxy daunomycin with DNA. PMID- 708469 TI - Complement inhibition by amidines and guanidines--in vivo and in vitro results. PMID- 708471 TI - On the mechanism of uptake of procarbazine by L5178Y lymphoblasts in vitro. PMID- 708472 TI - Effect of reserpine on the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rat liver and brain. PMID- 708473 TI - Regulation of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. PMID- 708474 TI - Biphenyl metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes: effect of induction and nature of the conjugates. PMID- 708475 TI - Interaction of glycine with ethanol. PMID- 708476 TI - Metabolic rearrangement of fluorenone oxime by rat liver homogenates. PMID- 708477 TI - Quinonoid dihydropterin reductase-I. Purification and characterization of the bovine brain enzyme. PMID- 708478 TI - Altered function of adenylate cyclase in the myocardium of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 708479 TI - Stathmokinetic and therapeutic effects of maytansine in mice bearing P388 and L1210 leukemias. PMID- 708480 TI - Effects of indomethacin administration on hepatic steroid and drug metabolism in male and female rats. PMID- 708481 TI - Inhibition of methyltransferases by some new analogs of S-adenosylhomocysteine. PMID- 708482 TI - Radioimmunoassay and related procedures in medicine. Report on the international symposium held in Berlin (West) from 31 October to 4 November 1977. PMID- 708483 TI - Late biological effects of ionizing radiation. Report on the international symposium held in Vienna from 13 to 17 March 1978. PMID- 708485 TI - Quantitation of apo B in human aortic fatty streaks. A comparison with grossly normal intima and fibrous plaques. PMID- 708484 TI - Relation of hemodynamics to the incidence of diethylstilbestrol-induced aortic ruptures in hypertensive and hypotensive lines of turkeys. AB - Hypertensive and hypotensive lines of turkeys were treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) alone, or with DES and propranolol (PROP). Untreated turkeys of each blood pressure line served as controls. Mortality rate from aortic ruptures was highest (43.7%) in the hypertensive line treated with DES, but mortality was reduced to 7.7% when this line of turkey was treated with both DES and PROP. Among the hypotensive line of turkeys treated with DES, 26.7% died of aortic ruptures, but none died when these turkeys were treated with DES and PROP. Propranolol did not influence serum cholesterol levels, and all DES or DES and PROP treated birds had greatly elevated values, as contrasted to untreated turkeys. Aortic lipid values were highest in the hypotensive line of turkeys treated with DES, but, by histologic evaluation, aortic atherosclerosis was equally severe in all DES-treated turkeys. Blood pressure and aortic dp/dt max were higher in the hypertensive line treated with DES than in the similarly treated hypotensive line. This probably accounted for the higher mortality in the former group. Absence of significant mortality in either line of turkey following treatment with both DES and PROP apparently resulted from the decreased stress on the aorta caused by lowering of blood pressure and aortic dp/dt max by PROP. PMID- 708486 TI - Fatty acids and the initial events of endothelial damage seen by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - A method was developed for observing changes in the endothelial cells in rabbit ear veins in vivo by scanning electron microscopy. Injection of fatty acids into the ear vein caused damage to the endothelium. The first signs of damage seen were marked bulges in the nuclei and loss of the rhomboidal shape of the endothelial cells. More severe damage included loss of nuclei, leaving holes in the cytoplasm. Some parts of the damaged endothelium showed complete separation of cells from each other and exposure of sub-endothelial tissue to which platelets with pseudopodia were adhering. Damage to the endothelium was produced by arachidonic, linoleic, gamma-linolenic, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic, 5,8,11,14, eicosatetraenoic or 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acids. The effect of arachidonic acid was not prevented by pre-treating the animals with aspirin. It appears that damage produced by the fatty acids is non-specific. PMID- 708487 TI - Pharmacologically induced hypolipidemia. The ethinyl estradiol-treated rat. AB - The aim of this study was to examine in detail the lipid and apoprotein concentrations in the serum of rats treated with pharmacologic doses (5 mg/kg/d for 5 d) of the synthetic estrogen derivative ethinyl estradiol. The results show that in rats, estrogen-induced hypolipidemia is associated with a nearly complete absence of the lipid and protein moieties normally found in d less than 1.21 fraction of serum. Quantitation of specific apolipoproteins by immunoelectrophoresis show that most apolipoproteins are decreased by more than 90% in the serum of estrogen-treated rats. In contrast to the changes in d less than 1.21 lipoproteins, estrogen treatment only slightly reduced serum phospholipid concentrations (by only 10%) and caused no change in the concentration of serum albumin. The results show that the ethinyl estradiol treated rat is an excellent model of drug-induced hypolipidemia. PMID- 708488 TI - Effect of Wy-14,643 on cholesterol metabolism in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. PMID- 708489 TI - The inhibitory effect of new diphosphonic acids on aortic and kidney calcification in vivo. AB - Three new diphosphonic acids, i.e. compounds containing a P-C-P bond, have been investigated for their ability to inhibit the vitamin D-induced calcification of aortas and kidneys in rats. The compounds were applied orally in various doses. All of the compounds, which had previously been shown to effectively inhibit the in vitro crystallization of apatite, markedly decreased the amount of calcium deposited in aortas and kidneys. One of the new compounds was substantially more effective than ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid (EHDP), which was used as a reference compound. Diphosphonic acids might be used therapeutically in man against soft tissue calcification. PMID- 708490 TI - Effect of carbon monoxide exposure on aortic and coronary intimal morphology in the rabbit. A revaluation. AB - Non-cholesterol-fed rabbits were exposed to carbon monoxide at concentrations in air of either 200, 2000, or 4000 parts per million (=0.02, 0.2 or 0.4%, vol/vol). Using the same criteria for intimal damage as in earlier morphological studies, no histotoxic effect on intimal/subintimal morphology of coronary arteries or the aorta could be demonstrated, when light-microscopic evaluation was performed blindly. PMID- 708491 TI - Endothelial permeability in experimental aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas in rabbits as demonstrated by the uptake of Evans blue. AB - Rabbits with chronic experimental arteriovenous fistulas or different types of aneurysm fashioned by microvascular surgery have been examined for changed in endothelial permeability by means of a protein-bound tracer dye technique. The aneurysms and anastomosed veins of the arteriovenous aneurysms exhibited pronounced dye-uptake in contrast to low uptake at sites of sham operation. The results demonstrate the importance of haemodynamic factors in altered endothelial function, as shown with a tracer dye technique in these experimental vascular models. PMID- 708492 TI - Effect of garlic on human platelet aggregation in vitro. AB - In 6 healthy adults the effect of essential oil of garlic on platelet aggregation was studied in vitro with an aggreganometer. The blood was collected in a siliconized centrifuge tube containing sodium citrate. The aggregating agents used were ADP, epinephrine and collagen. In each subject aggregation was studied 3 times: (i) initial fasting control; (ii) immediately after (i) but with essential oil of garlic drawn into the syringe together with the sodium citrate; (iii) 5 days after feeding 0.5 mg of essential oil of garlic daily. Addition of essential oil of garlic inhibited in-vitro platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine or collagen; the effect was dose-related. Oral administration of garlic also decreased platelet aggregation. Thus, garlic seems to inhibit some aspects of thrombus formation. PMID- 708493 TI - Immunological aspects of arterial disease. PMID- 708494 TI - Artefacts of localization of atherosclerosis in pinned aortas. AB - Detailed studies of aortas from 8 rabbits showed that serious artefacts occur if the aortas are pinned at their in vivo dimensions, rather than fixed at physiological pressure. In the pinned aortas, the proximal parts of the branches were pulled up onto the aortic wall. This was more pronounced for the large branches of the abdominal aorta than for the smaller intercostal branches. This artefact caused atherosclerotic lesions, which had developed at the origin of the branch, to appear as if they were entirely on the aortic wall. We found that a marked change in the elastin pattern was present at the origin of the branch; this can be used to mark the true origin of the branch. With the pressure technique we found that lesions had different shapes and locations at different branch points. PMID- 708495 TI - The effect of garri on rat plasma cholesterol. AB - Plasma cholesterol concentrations were measured in rats after incorporation of garri in their diet; control animals were fed a diet without garri. Cholesterol concentrations decreased with incorporation of garri in the diet, but a saturation point was reached after which garri had no further lowering effect on plasma cholesterol. Histology of the kidney and liver revealed cellular vacuolation and cytoplasmic swelling in garri-fed animals. PMID- 708496 TI - Significance of luminal plasma layer resistance in arterial wall oxygen supply. AB - Previous analyses of the arterial wall oxygen supply system have assumed that a cell-free layer of plasma next to the endothelium is the major transport barrier in the lumen. Using a computer simulation, we have quantitatively tested this assumption. Our results show that oxygen diffusion gradients extend significantly into the flowing blood well beyond any plasma layer and that the major luminal transport resistance lies in the flowing blood and not in the plasma layer. The simulation was also employed to compute the effect of a reported 50% drop in plasma oxygen diffusivity. This rather large reduction did significantly lower oxygen levels within the arterial wall tissue. Whether such large reductions in diffusivity ever actually occur in human plasma is a subject of current controversy. PMID- 708497 TI - The effect of carbon disulphide and atherogenic diet on the development of atherosclerotic changes in rabbits. PMID- 708498 TI - Intravenous fat tolerance in obese Africans with varying grades of carbohydrate tolerance. AB - An intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) was performed and fasting plasma lipid values determined in 12 healthy normal weight, 18 obese non-diabetic, 9 obese chemical diabetic and 10 obese symptomatic diabetic African subjects. Their insulin responses to an oral glucose load were also determined. Mean plasma triglyceride levels were similar in the normal weight and obese non-diabetic groups but were significantly raised in the two diabetic groups, being highest in the symptomatic diabetics. The fractional removal-rate of an intravenous injection of the fat emulsion Intralipid was significantly less in each of the obese diabetic groups compared with the normal weight or obese non-diabetic group. There was a significant negative correlation in all but the symptomatic diabetic group between the fasting triglyceride level and the rate constants for the IVFTT. These results suggest that the rate of triglyceride clearance is an important determinant of the basal plasma triglyceride concentration in urban African subjects. PMID- 708499 TI - Computer assisted tomography and pneumoencephalography in nonhydrocephalic, nontumorous head enlargement. AB - Forty children with enlarged heads were studied by pneumoencephalography and/or computer assisted tomography (CAT). Ventricular dimensions from CAT scans of 70 normal children formed a control group. In the group of 40 children with neither hydrocephalus nor brain tumor, CAT more reliably showed ventricular enlargement in patients with neurologic impairment. PMID- 708500 TI - Asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres on computed tomograms. AB - Numerous cerebral asymmetries are shown on cerebral computed tomography (CT). Those seen most commonly are: (a) the left occipital pole is frequently wider and protrudes further posteriorly than the right; (b) the right frontal area often measures wider than the left, and the right frontal pole usually protrudes either as far forward as the left or extends beyond the left; and (c) the calcified glomus of the left lateral ventricle commonly lies posterior to that of the right when there is posterior protrusion of the left occipital pole beyond the right. The above hemispheral asymmetries are more common in right handed individuals. Hemispheral asymmetries tend to be less striking in left handed individuals, but widening of the left frontal and right occipital regions is more common in left handers than right handers. In both right and left handers, the central portion of the right hemisphere is frequently wider than the left; the pineal therefore often lies slightly to the left of the midline in normal brains. A study of cerebral asymmetries should help in the detection of early mass lesions and may also help in the study of hemispheral specialization for behavioral function. PMID- 708501 TI - Theologians' exchange over issue of artificial fertilization. PMID- 708502 TI - [Congenital anomalies (author's transl)]. PMID- 708503 TI - [Aphasia associated with subcortical hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 708504 TI - [Frontal kindling in rabbits and its influence on visual and auditory evoked response (author's transl)]. PMID- 708506 TI - [Computed tomography of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in acute stage- relationship between vasospasm and high density on CT scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 708505 TI - [Blood volume difference in bilateral cerebral hemispheres--subtraction method (author's transl)]. PMID- 708507 TI - [Sib cases of Dandy-Walker syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Two children of normal parents had "Dandy-Walker syndrome" (cystic dilatation of the 4th ventricle with incomplete development of the cerebeller vermis). Both cases were admitted to our hospital in neonatal period, because of apneic spell. Air study showed the enlargement of the 4th ventricle in both cases. One case (22 days after birth, male infant) was operated by occipital craniotomy, and cystic membrane of the roof of the 4th ventricle was removed. But his head was growing rapidly in size, which suggested hydrocephalus. He died of pneumonia at 70 days after V-P shunt operation. At autopsy, defect of the cerebellar vermis and tonsil, involving the enlargement of the 4th ventricle was found. Another case, younger sister of the previous one, was complicated by occipital meningocele, which did not communicated with ventricular system. Her occipital tumor was removed, and now, she is growing normally in body size, but does not react to the visual stimuli with considerable psychomotor retardation. In our cases, occlusion of the foramina Luschka and Magendie was not present. So, we have come to the conclusion that primary underdevelopment of the cerebellum is of major importance for understanding of the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome. PMID- 708508 TI - [A regional cerebral blood flow in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage- with special references to spasm (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were performed 44 times on patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, using the 133-Xe clearance method with aid of the 8 channel detector unit. The patients consisted of 31 preoperative cases within 3 weeks of the last subarachnoid hemorrhage. The sites of the ruptured aneurysms included 11 anterior communicating arteries, 8 middle cerebral arteries, 7 internal carotid arteries and 3 anterior cerebral arteries. In 2 cases, the aneurysms were not identified with the cerebral angiograms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spasm on the rCBF. The subjects were divided into two groups: those with and without spasm. Furthermore, the group with spasm was divided into three subgroups according to the degree of spasm. The findings obtained were as follows; The group with spasm showed a statistically significant decrease in the mean of the rCBF. The MrCBF was not influenced by the distribution of spasm, however. In the group without spasm, the MrCBF had a good correlation with the cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF-P) or the level of consciousness. In the group with spasm, there was no correlation between the MrCBF and the CSF-P or the level of consciousness. For example that marked reduction of the MrCBF were seen in some cases with low CSF-P or only slight disturbance of consciousness. The rCBF was measured 2 or 3 times in 5 cases with spasm. The decrease in MrCBF occured about one week after the incidence of the subarachnoid hemorrhage but MrCBF recovered with the disappearance of spasm 2 or 3 weeks after the attack. There was a poor correlation between spasm and relative flow patterns. The good correlation, however, was found in only one case with the severe spasm at the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 708510 TI - [Experimental brain tumors produced transplacentally by ethylnitrosourea (IV): ultrastructure studied by using transmission and scanning electron microscope (author's transl)]. AB - The fine structure of rat gliomas induced transplacentally with a single i.p. dose of 50 mg/kg of Ethylnitrosourea has been studied by using transmission and scanning electron microscope. The subependymal matrix layers of the fetus which was affected by ENU have showed irregular and rough arrangements with expanded extracellular spaces as compared with that of control rats. The cells of subependymal layer seemed to form the microtumor. A so-called "microtumor", which was found in a 8 week old, has been composed of small round cells. The fine structures of these cells have showed the characteristics in primitive oligodendroglioma. The characteristics of the fine structure of astrocytoma cells was identified by both TEM and SEM. The fine structure of subependymal glioma cells was often pleomorphic. These gliomas contained a mixture of primitive oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells together with anaplastic glial cells. With increasing size, the glioma has become more pleomorphic with a mixture of neoplastic oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and ependymal cells, and ependymoma like cells have showed neither cilia nor junctional complex. Abnormal vascular structure in the tumor has been reconfirmed by injection replica scanning electron microscope method. The fine structure of the separated single tumor cell surface was also studied by scanning electron microscope. The differences of the cells surface between that of astrocytoma cell and oligodendroglioma cells were clearly noticed. PMID- 708509 TI - [Surgery of anterior communicating artery aneurysm--from the experiences of 346 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In the past 14 years, 1000 cases of aneurysms were submitted to surgical operations without using microscope. In this report 346 cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms were studied. The operative result at discharge was as follows; 19 cases (5.5%) were dead, 27 poor, 39 fair, 64 good and 197 excellent. In the follow-up, out of 300 cases 29 were dead (16 were related to the operation), 7 were poor, 13 fair, 26 good and 226 excellent. Out of 19 dead cases during hospitalization, 14 were operated within two weeks after SAH. Ten out of 14 cases operated within two weeks died due to vasospasm and all these 10 cases were operated between five to 11 days after SAH. These results and results of ultra-early surgery on other sites of aneurysm suggested that the surgery should be avoided on the cases from third to 10th day after SAH. After the 3rd day, the operation should be decided by taking vasospasm into consideration. If the SAH attack is a mojor one accompanying loss of consciousness more than one hour, the operation should be postponed until the 14th day. If the SAH attack is a moderate one accompanying loss of consciousness within one hour, it should be postponed until the 9th or 10th day. When the SAH attack doesn't accompany loss of consciousness, the surgery can be done any time. If stiff neck is obvious, it should be performed on the 9th or 10th day. Our approach for anterior communicating artery aneurysms is a interhemispherical approach following the bifrontal craniotomy. Hypothermic anesthesia around 27 degrees C was used in order to prolong the temporary occlusion time until 1971. Since 1972, 500 approximately 800 ml of 20% mannitol was applied intravenously for preventing the infarction following the temporary occlusion under the normothermic general anesthesia. Details of the operative records of 346 cases were analyzed and our operative method, technique and technical points were discussed. PMID- 708511 TI - [Diabetes insipidus in children--long-term follow-up study]. AB - A follow-up study was carried out on 12 children with vasopressin sensitive diabetes insipidus. 1) Nine cases (75%) of 12 were finally diagnosed as having brain tumor in later course. There were 3 cases (25%) who could not be decided as having brain tumor during the follow-up period of more than 6 years. 2) There was one case who developed the overt signs of brain tumor 9 years after the onset of diabetes insipidus. Therefore, it seems necessary to follow-up cases with diabetes insipidus for at least 10 years before determining it as idiopathic type. 3) In cases with diabetes insipidus due to brain tumor, associated growth retardation, autonomic symptoms, behavior disorder, endocrine dysfunction and metabolic dysfunction were frequently observed. In the case where these symptoms become aggravated with lapse of time, these findings should be taken seriously as indicating brain tumor. 4) In the case showing either anterior or posterior focal slow waves in the EEG, if such focal slow waves aggravate with age, the findings should be considered as indicative of brain tumor. 5) We would like to emphasize the significance of brain tumor as the underlying pathology of childhood diabetes insipidus. PMID- 708512 TI - [Are there any efferent components in the spinal dorsal roots? (author's transl)]. PMID- 708513 TI - Gaps in anterograde conduction in patients with the short PR interval, normal QRS complex syndrome. AB - Of 8 patients with the short PR interval, normal QRS complex syndrome studied recently, 3 reported here displayed gaps in anterograde conduction. Atrial premature beats at decreasing coupling intervals conducted with minimal AH prolongation until a zone within the cardiac cycle was reached where conduction failed at a supra-Hisian level. Conduction resumed at earlier atrial coupling intervals and was associated with a sudden increase in the AH interval and the appearance of atrial echo beats with earliest atrial activation on the proximal coronary sinus electrogram. It is suggested that the failure of anterograde conduction at relatively late atrial coupling intervals was caused by a short AH functional refractoriness produced by the pre-excitation of the lower AV junction by a partial AV nodal bypass. Conduction resumed only when early atrial premature beats found the extranodal pathway refractory and were transmitted with decremental delay through the AV node. PMID- 708514 TI - Re-entrant tachycardia using two bypass tracts and excluding AV node in short PR interval, normal QRS syndrome. AB - In patients with the short PR interval, normal QRS complex syndrome, paroxysmal tachycardias are usually the result of circus movement involving the AV node and a partial or complete AV nodal bypass. We report 2 patients with this syndrome who suffered distressing rapid paroxysms of tachycardia but in whom there was evidence of a concealed direct VA connection. In both patients, tachycardia was initiated with critical AV prolongation distal to the His bundle, in response to programmed atrial premature stimuli. The constancy of the timing of the atrial echo from the onset of the QRS complex in the presence of a varying HV interval is evidence for involvement of the ventricles in the re-entry pathway. In addition, in both patients the appearance of left bundle-branch block during tachycardia was associated with appropriate prolongation of tachycardia cycle length consistent with the presence of a direct VA connection. The short AH interval during tachycardia and the absence of critical AH prolongation suggests the participation of a rapidly conducting pathway in the anterograde limb of the tachycardia circuit. PMID- 708516 TI - Effect of prolonged intensive training on cardiorespiratory response in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 708515 TI - Congestive heart failure in normotensive man. Haemodynamics, renin, and angiotensin II blockade. AB - The role of the renin angiotensin system was evaluated in 18 normotensive patients with chronic congestive heart failure and in 5 controls. No correlation was observed between plasma renin activity and cardiac index. There was a significant inverse correlation between renin and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = -0.61, P less than 0.01). Renin values of the patients appeared to be increased when compared with controls with similar left ventricular filling pressure. Specific angiotensin II inhibition by saralasin decreased arterial pressure in 8 out of 14 patients: their renin was significantly higher than that of the remaining 6 patients (P less than 0.01). The 2 patients with the lowest renin levels responded to saralasin with a blood pressure increase. Left ventricular filling pressure decreased in all but these latter 2 patients with either little change or an increase in stroke volume. Thus, renin levels appear to be increased in normotensive patients with congestive heart failure when related to left ventricular filling pressure. Renin via angiotensin II plays a role in the blood pressure control of many patients with congestive heart failure. In some patients angiotensin II blockade appears to improve cardiac function by unloading the left ventricle. PMID- 708517 TI - Use of amiodarone in bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. AB - Five patients with the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome have been treated successfully with the antiarrhythmic agent amiodarone. Three patients were treated for over nine months and one of these patients had corneal micro deposits. One patient had to be taken off the drug because of side effects. Amiodarone should be tried in patients suffering from the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome before resorting to cardiac pacing. PMID- 708518 TI - Disappearing His deflection. Electrophysiological evidence for conduction defect within the His bundle. AB - A change in the voltage and character of the His bundle deflection following premature atrial stimuli was observed and analysed in 5 of 95 patients having intracardiac conduction studies because of AV conduction disturbances. Of these 5 patients, 3 had spontaneous block within the His bundle, 2 of them showing block in other segments of the conduction system. With increasing prematurity of programmed atrial stimuli, there was a progressive decrease in the voltage of the His deflection, followed by a split His deflection, and finally disappearance of the His deflection. The voltage of the His deflection was also reduced in sinus beats following spontaneous His bundle premature beats. Similarly, during atrial stimulation at increasing rates, the His deflection decreased in voltage, split, and finally disappeared, but when Wenckebach periods appeared the His deflection reappeared in the first paced beat after the dropped beat. The preceding H-H interval was the only electrophysiological variable consistently related to the changes in the His deflection. These changes in His deflection can be explained electrophysiologically as the result of a conduction disturbance within the His bundle. The clinical significance of the phenomenon is discussed. The occurrence of this phenomenon during a conduction study makes it difficult or even impossible to localise the AV block precisely. PMID- 708519 TI - Echocardiography in assessment of infants with complete d-transposition of great arteries. PMID- 708520 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing tricuspid atresia. Differentiation from other hypoplastic right heart syndromes and common atrioventricular canal. PMID- 708521 TI - Left anterior hemiblock masking coronary insufficiency. AB - A case is presented in which transient left anterior hemiblock masked the electrocardiographic signs of coronary insufficiency during work. PMID- 708522 TI - Supravalvular aortic stenosis in a twin. AB - A case of subvalvular aortic stenosis in one of a set of dissimilar twins is reported. The case is discussed in terms of the aetiological factors involved and supports the view that supravalvular aortic stenosis is not environmental and may be genetic in origin. PMID- 708523 TI - Early work load tests for evaluation of long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 708524 TI - Cardiac effects of tricyclic antidepressant medication. A preliminary study of nortriptyline. AB - Systolic time intervals and drug plasma concentrations have been measured in a group of patients receiving repeated treatment with nortriptyline. Significant positive correlations between plasma nortriptyline levels and prolongation of pre ejection phase (P less than 0.005)) and increase in the ratio pre-ejection phase, left ventricular ejection time (P less than 0.05) were obtained. A deterioration in cardiac function, with increase in heart rate, resulting in a negative inotropic effect has been shown to occur with therapeutic doses of nortriptyline. The potential dangers of tricyclic antidepressant drugs on the heart in patients whose myocardium is already compromised or those who accumulate high plasma concentrations are emphasised. PMID- 708525 TI - Application of an improved intracardiac fibreoptic system. AB - An improved fibreoptic in vivo haemoreflection system has been used in over 200 patients. Continuous recording of oxygen saturation while moving the catheter permits measurement of simultaneous pressure and oxygen saturation at almost an unlimited number of sites through the right heart. The oxygen saturation can be continuously monitored and the response is sufficiently fast to permit investigation of changes in oxygen saturation during portions of the cardiac cycle. Dye dilution curves have been recorded from over 200 patients. The only blood withdrawn for the dye dilution curve was the 3 ml needed for checking the calibration of the instrument. We have found that the calibration is extremely stable. In some instances where it has been deemed impractical to obtain blood for calibration, the calibration factor for each catheter may be used. In any case, the calibration check is performed at the end of the study and does not present problems of sterility. The calibration factor may yield a correction factor which then applies uniformly to all the cardiac output values obtained during the study. PMID- 708526 TI - Right ventricular monophasic action potentials in patients with long QT syndrome. AB - In 3 patients with the long QT syndrome, one caused by quinidine and 2 of congenital origin, right ventricular monophasic action potentials were excessively prolonged and of varying shapes in different recording sites. In addition, effective refractory periods of the ventricular muscle were abnormally long. PMID- 708527 TI - Loss of electrically active myocardium during inferior infarction in man. PMID- 708528 TI - Prehospital sudden death from ischaemic heart disease. A postmortem study. PMID- 708529 TI - Anomalous muscle bundle of the right ventricle. Its recognition and surgical treatment. AB - This communication presents our experience with 14 cases of congenital heart disease associated with anomalous muscle bundle inside the right ventricular cavity dividing it into two chambers. The clinical picture, natural history, and diagnostic characteristics are described. It can be diagnosed by right ventricular cineangiogram in the anteroposterior position. It can be resected surgically, safely. PMID- 708530 TI - Postoperative responses in 'prepared' child after cardiac surgery. AB - Postoperative reactions of children and adolescents realistically prepared for cardiac surgery were analysed for acute and long-term responses. No cases of delirium or psychoses occurred in the 60 children while they were in hospital. Fifty sets of parents and children answered questionnaires 6 months to 4 years after operation (36 under 1 year, 8 from 1 to 3 years, and 6 over 3 years) and assessment of these showed only long-term reaction. Evaluation of reactions is presented by age and in detail. The children aged 2 to 7 years had the greatest number of negative reactions and the only long-term reaction also came from this group. Children 8 to 11 years of age had the least number of negative reactions and the highest number of positive gains. Adolescents, 12 to 19 years of age, were often concerned with their body image (wanted to be considered 'well', resented the scar, etc). From the standpoint of emotional stability and after effects, the 8 to 11-year-old group seemed to do best. PMID- 708531 TI - Aortic regurgitation as a manifestation of giant cell arteritis. AB - The detailed clinical findings of a 65-year-old woman who developed aortic regurgitation caused by giant cell aortitis are presented. The initial phase of the disease was dominated by severe non-specific constitutional symptomatology suggesting infective endocarditis or a malignancy. Aortic regurgitation as a manifestation of giant cell arteritis has hitherto recieved scant attention in the published reports. The clinical and therapeutic relevance of this masquerade is discussed. PMID- 708532 TI - Cardiac and respiratory standstill during sleep. AB - An obese man, with an attack of myocardial ischaemia, developed arrhythmias only when he was asleep. Episodes of sinus bradycardia occurred progressing to arterioventricular block and sinus arrest. These changes in the cardiac rhythm coincided with periods of sleep apnoea. PMID- 708533 TI - Vasodilator treatment for acute and chronic heart failure. PMID- 708534 TI - The diagnosis of a non-stenotic bicuspid aortic valve. AB - Follow-up of a group of subjects in whom an aortic ejection sound was the only abnormal finding revealed a bicuspid aortic valve at necropsy or operation in 6 cases. High speed echophonocardiographic studies in 15 subjects with aortic stenosis and known to have bicuspid valves, showed the ejection sound to be exactly synchronous with final halting of the opening aortic valve cusps. Echocardiographic visualisation of the aortic valve from the apex, looking up the left ventricular outflow tract, showed valve echoes during systole indicating abnormal cusp configuration. This proved a more sensitive indicator of a bicuspid aortic valve than the finding of an eccentric aortic valve closure line. These findings were used to evaluate 37 subjects with the auscultatory finding of an isolated aortic ejection sound and the diagnosis of a non-stenotic bicuspid aortic valve was confirmed in 30. The usual cause of misdiagnosis was a sound associated with late tricuspid valve closure. The auscultatory finding of an aortic ejection sound, in the absence of other signs of aortic stenosis, indicates a non-stenotic, bicuspid aortic valve. Confirmation of aortic valvar origin of the sound can be provided by a simultaneous echophonocardiogram. PMID- 708535 TI - The natural history of a non-stenotic bicuspid aortic valve. AB - Forty-one patients in whom the diagnosis of a non-stenotic bicuspid aortic valve had been established by noninvasive techniques were followed up for a mean of 10.9 years. During this period, 2 patients required aortic valve replacement because of the development of calcific aortic valve stenosis at the ages of 52 and 64 and 5 others developed evidence of mild aortic valve stenosis. The appearance of calcium in a bicuspid aortic valve suggests the possibility of subsequent calcific aortic stenosis, and patients with this feature should be carefully followed up. Bacterial endocarditis on the aortic valve occurred in 3 patients, one of whom developed severe aortic regurgitation and subsequently died. Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve are at definite risk from bacterial endocarditis and should receive appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis. In 26/41 (63%) patients there was no clinical change during the follow-up period, including 7 of the patients over the age of 50. PMID- 708537 TI - Real-time sector scan study of the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. PMID- 708536 TI - Effect of aortic valvular regurgitation upon the impedance cardiogram. AB - The first derivative thoracic impedance cardiogram, phonocardiogram, and electrocardiogram were recorded in three groups of 22 subjects each. In Group 1 (control), simultaneous impedance cardiogram, phonocardiogram, and aortic valve echocardiograms showed that the X point of the impedance cardiogram occurred synchronously with the aortic second heart sound and with echocardiographic aortic valve closure. In group 2 (clinical diagnosis of aortic regurgitation) the scalar magnitude of the impedance cardiogram O wave and the ratios of the impedance cardiogram wave form X/dz/dtmax and O/dz/dtmax were different from control. In addition, the early diastolic (X) and systolic portions (S) of the impedance cardiogram wave form of group 3 patients were planimetered and expressed as the ratio X/S, called the impedance cardiographic aortic regurgitant fraction (aortic RFI). The aortic RFI was increased by handgrip, a manoeuvre which acutely increases the magnitude of aortic regurgitation. The difference between Fick cardiac output and left ventricular angiographic output was used to calculate aortic valvular regurgitant fraction, which related closely to the impedance cardiogram. These data suggest that it is useful in the noninvasive assessment of aortic regurgitation. PMID- 708538 TI - Renal arteriovenous fistula masquerading as severe valvar heart disease. AB - Two patients with renal arteriovenous fistulae are described, who presented in high output failure. Murmurs were detected in these patients on routine physical examination years before, and when cardiac failure ensued they were assumed to have decompensated valvar heart disease. Full investigation revealed the arteriovenous fistulae and both patients made a good recovery after surgical ligation. PMID- 708539 TI - Diagnosis of coronary artery disease by estimation of coronary sinus lactate. AB - In an attempt to assess the value of coronary sinus lactate estimation before and during atrial pacing for the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease, 70 patients with angina were investigated in this way and by selective coronary arteriography. Thirty-five had radiologically normal coronary arteries and 35 had coronary artery disease. When the change in coronary arteriovenous lactate difference was less than 0.09 mmol/l (0.8 mg/100 ml) between the control and the peak atrial pacing sample, the coronary arteries were normal except in one patient who had distal disease of a single vessel. When the change was greater than 0.22 mmol/l (2.0 mg/100 ml) coronary artery disease was always found, and when the change was greater than 0.39 mmol/l (3.5 mg/100 ml) there was always disease of two or three vessels. Unfortunately, the presence or absence of coronary artery disease could not be predicted when the change fell between 0.09 and 0.22 mmol/l (0.8 and 2.0 mg/100 ml). Estimation of coronary sinus lactate before and during atrial pacing can thus frequently distinguish patients with normal coronary arteries from those with coronary artery disease. PMID- 708540 TI - Comparison of interventricular septal motion studied by ventriculography and echocardiography in patients with atrial septal defect. AB - Abnormal systolic interventricular septal motion is an echocardiographic manifestation of right ventricular volume overload. In order to determine the anatomical basis for this echocardiographic finding, septal motion recorded by left lateral or left anterior oblique ventriculograms was compared with echocardiography ventricular septal motion. Thirteen patients with secundum atrial septal defects and 7 control patients with trivial or no heart disease were included in the study. We found that on ventriculograms the systolic motion of the interventricular septum was similar in both atrial septal defect and control patients. That is, the cephalic third of the septum moved anteriorly in systole in 9 of the 13 patients with atrial septal defect and in 3 of the 7 controls. The caudal two-thirds of the septum moved posteriorly in all patients. These results are compatible with the theory that argues that the echocardiographic abnormalities of septal motion in patients with atrial septal defect result from an end-diastolic septal flattening or bowing of the septum into the cavity of the left ventricle. PMID- 708541 TI - Effects of halothane and sodium thiopentone on surface brain pressure and brain electrical impedance in dogs with normal intracranial tension. AB - The effects of the inhalation of halothane and the i.v. administration of thiopentone on surface brain pressure and brain electrical impedance, at a frequency of 1 kHz, were investigated in 14 chronically implanted dogs. In dogs with normal PaCO2, halothane, at inspired concentrations of 0.8, 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0%, produced increases in brain pressure and impedance. Thiopentone i.v. and hyperventilation preceding the administration of halothane lessened, but did not prevent, the increases in brain pressure and impedance. Thiopentone 35 mg kg-1 decreased both pressure and impedance. The dose-related (P less than 0.01) increase in surface brain pressure was attributed to cerebral vascular expansion; the increase in impedance was not dose related and was interpreted as a loss of conductivity in brain extracellular space (e.c.s.). This loss could be a result of a decrease in both brain e.c.s. volume and its electrolyte concentration resulting from intracellular translocation and electrical inactivation of available ions in brain e.c.s. caused by increased cation binding. These phenomena might be related to the interaction between the anaesthetic molecule and cell proteins. The present study suggests that, in contrast to thiopentone, halothane induced a reversible ionic imbalance in the central nervous system. PMID- 708542 TI - A chemical adsorption system for the sampling of gaseous organic pollutants in operating theatre atmospheres. AB - The development of an air sampler and its use in measuring organic pollutants in operating theatre atmospheres are described. Air was sampled continuously during an operating session and the results obtained represent the average pollution at the sample site during that session. The technique involved the chemical adsorption of organic vapours to polymer beads and pollutants thus trapped could be stored for several days before thermal desorption and analysis by gas chromatography. The three most abundant organic pollutants were ethanol, propan-2 ol (isopropanol) and halothane. PMID- 708543 TI - Nitrous oxide contamination in dental surgeries using relative analgesia. AB - The concentrations of nitrous oxide were determined at various positions in four dental surgeries in which nitrous oxide sedation was used without scavenging. Contamination was present in all the surgeries, the greatest concentration being recorded at the dentist's nose and the least in the peripheral air. The reception area adjoining the surgeries was found also to be contaminated by nitrous oxide. PMID- 708544 TI - The negative pressure relief valve: pressure-flow relationships. AB - The scavenging of gases from anaesthetic circuits may present hazards to the patient. The negative pressure relief valve prevents the generation of subatmospheric pressures in the circuit as a result of a discrepancy between the fresh gas flow and the gas evacuation rate. The ideal valve will open at a small negative pressure, and immediately permit a high gas inflow. Leakage with positive pressure in the circuit and admixture of atmospheric air during spontaneous respiration must not occur. Six different valves were studied. Two membrane valves came nearest to fulfilling the ideal requirements. PMID- 708545 TI - Death attributable to anaesthesia. A 10-year survey (1967--1976). AB - The mortality associated with 240 483 anaesthetics administered over 10 years at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, is reported. The frequency of death to which anaesthesia contributed was 0.22 per 1000 anaesthetics (compared with 0.33 per 1000 in the previous 10 years). These deaths were responsible for 2.2% of the total mortality from surgery. Two-thirds of the "anaesthetic" deaths were attributable to (in order of frequency): (a) hypovolaemia; (b) respiratory inadequacy following myoneural blockade; (c) complications of tracheal intubation; (d) inadequate postoperative care and supervision. PMID- 708546 TI - Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during etomidate anaesthesia in man. AB - The effects of etomidate on regional cerebral blood flow (rc.b.f.) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRo2) were studied in seven patients undergoing diagnostic carotid angiography. Following determination of baseline rc.b.f. while awake, the patients were anaesthetized with a single dose of etomidate 15 mg. Thereafter, an infusion of etomidate (2 or 3 mg min-1) was administered. Etomidate decreased both rc.b.f.10 (mean decrease 34%) and CMRo2 (mean decrease 45%). It was concluded that etomidate is a potent cerebral metabolic depressant. Furthermore, the cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide was maintained under etomidate anaesthesia. PMID- 708547 TI - Serum thyroid hormones changes in patients undergoing Caesarean section under general or regional anaesthesia. AB - The effects of anaesthesia on serum thyroid hormones were studied in 32 pregnant young women undergoing Caesarean section at term. Eighteen patients received general anaesthesia and 14 lumbar extradural blockade. Maternal serum concentrations of thyrotrophin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were measured using radioimmunoassay at 0, delivery and 24 h. There were no significant changes in TSH in the two groups. T4 concentrations decreased significantly at 24 h in the general anaesthesia group but regional anaesthesia produced a significant decrease only at the time of delivery. T3 concentrations decreased with both techniques. Reverse T3 increased markedly with general anaesthesia only at 24 h. PMID- 708548 TI - Clearance of neostigmine from the circulation during the antagonism of neuromuscular block. AB - The plasma concentration of neostigmine was measured in five patients during the antagonism of neuromuscular block. The concentration of the drug decreased rapidly between 2 and 5 min after administration, and then more slowly. Detectable concentrations of neostigmine were present in plasma after 60 min. In the five patients the distribution half-life of neostigmine was less than 1 min; the elimination half-life ranged from 15.4 to 30.1 min. PMID- 708549 TI - Antagonism of neuromuscular block by physostigmine in man. AB - In 20 adult patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy neuromuscular block was induced with tubocurarine 10 mg. In 10 patients, neostigmine 1--2 mg antagonized the block and restored the twitch response to its baseline value. Physostigmine, up to 4 mg, did not produce significant antagonism of the neuromuscular block. PMID- 708550 TI - Mendelson's Syndrome. PMID- 708552 TI - Animal experimentation. PMID- 708551 TI - Potency of mixtures of general anaesthetic agents. AB - The anaesthetic potencies of binary mixtures of the gases argon (Ar), nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) have been measured using mice. The mixtures SF6-N2O and N2O-Ar showed additive behaviour, whereas the constituents of the mixture SF6-Ar were non-additive, having a smaller total potency than expected. Further experiments on this mixture with Italian Great Newts and on the carbon tetrafluoride mixtures CF4-Ar and CF4-SF6 with mice suggested that the anomalous potencies may arise from specific pulmonary effects associated with the breathing of SF6 accompanied by a high pressure of some other gas. PMID- 708553 TI - Comparison of active and passive manoeuvres on the pattern of airway closure in man. AB - The effect of active and passive manoeuvres on closing volume was studied in conscious subjects. There were no significant differences in closing volume in nine of 10 non-smokers. There was a significantly greater closing volume with the passive manoeuvre (airway pressure +3 kPa to --2 kPa) in seven of nine smokers and one non-smoker with evidence of mild obstructive airway disease. The sensitivity of the closing volume to airway pressure could not be reproduced in three non-smokers exposed to a histamine aerosol. In two of three smokers the effect of airway pressure on closing volume was abolished by salbutamol. The results suggest that subjects with irritable airways may show an increase in closing volume with a change in airway pressure. PMID- 708554 TI - Effect of thiamylal on the sensitivity of glycerinated cardiac fibres to calcium. AB - Clarification of the mechanisms of the myocardial depression produced by thiamylal was sought by studying the effect of thiamylal upon the sensitivity of contractile proteins to calcium (Ca2+), by using glycerinated muscle fibres from the canine right ventricle. The dose--response relationship between the concentration of Ca2+ and the force of contraction of the glycerinated cardiac muscle fibres was not shifted from the control curve by the administration of thiamylal 67 microgram ml-1. This result suggests that the changes in the sensitivity of contractile proteins to Ca2+ are not responsible for the depression of myocardial performance produced by thiamylal. PMID- 708555 TI - Effects of age and sex on ketamine anaesthesia in the rat. AB - Intraperitoneal injections of ketamine 75 mg kg-1 in rats of both sexes (age 1- 16 weeks) revealed a significant relationship between increased age and decreased duration of sleeping time for both sexes during the first 3 weeks of age. This decrease in sleeping time seemed to be associated with the increased production of the cyclohexanone oxidation metabolite of ketamine. After 3 weeks of age there was a greater sleeping time in the female rat than the male and this seemed to be associated with a greater ability of the male to produce the cyclohexanone oxidation metabolite. PMID- 708557 TI - Effects of halothane on glucose metabolism after injury in the rat. AB - The effects of halothane anaesthesia on glucose metabolism have been investigated in rats after a non-lethal scald injury. Anaesthesia was induced about 70 min after injury. Glucose metabolism was studied at two stages: during and shortly after induction, and about 2 h after induction. Comparisons were made with conscious rats at the corresponding times after injury. All rats were in an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C. During and shortly after the induction of anaesthesia, halothane caused a rapid increase in plasma glucose concentration, which by 30 min had begun to return to the values in injured controls; thus glucose production and utilization were increased. Insulin concentrations were increased also. However, after 2 h exposure halothane had decreased glucose production and utilization, as determined with [5-3H]- and [U-14C]-glucose, increased plasma concentrations of insulin and decreased liver concentrations of glycogen, that is it had exacerbated well-known effects of injury in the rat, including insulin resistance. Hyperglycaemia was not increased. PMID- 708558 TI - Arterial dominance in the hand. AB - Arterial pressure was measured simultaneously in the thumb and in the contralateral arm using strain-gauge plethysmography in 100 healthy persons aged 13--43 yr, before and after compression of the radial or the ulnar artery. The radial and ulnar pulses were palpable in all instances. In 29 (14.5%) hands compression of either artery did not reduce the thumb pressure. In 152 (76%) occlusion of the radial artery caused a decrease of more than 10 mm Hg, but never to less than 40 mm Hg. In 91 (45.5%) occlusion of the ulnar artery reduced thumb pressure, on three occasions to less than 40 mm Hg. Radial dominance was shown in 110 hands (55.0%), 24 (12.0%) showed ulnar dominance and in 66 (33.0%) neither vessel dominated. PMID- 708556 TI - Effects of althesin and ketamine on resting and stress stimulated adrenocortical activity in rats. AB - The effects were studied of two i.v. anaesthetics (Althesin and ketamine) on resting and activated adrenocortical function in the rat. Small doses of Althesin and ketamine comparable to those required to produce induction of anaesthesia in man evoked adrenocortical stimulation, but the stressing effects of ketamine were more prolonged. During deep anaesthesia with either anaesthetic there was an inhibition of pituitary adrenal activation induced by handling and surgery. However, during recovery, ketamine was associated with intense and prolonged adrenocortical stimulation. The stress of laparotomy in control rats and in rats pretreated with the anaesthetics caused a depletion of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus; this suggests that both anaesthetics inhibit adrenocortical activation by mechanisms different from adrenergic inhibition. PMID- 708559 TI - Frequency of previous anaesthesia in an anaesthetic patient population. AB - Ten thousand patients presenting for anaesthesia were questioned about their anaesthetic history; 6672 had received an anaesthetic previously, 19.2% in the preceding 4 weeks. Of 2780 in whom the agents were known, 80.4% had received thiopentone, 18.1% Althesin and 57.4% halothane. Thirty-seven per cent of the total survey population had received two or more anaesthetics. PMID- 708560 TI - Evaluation of three preparations of etomidate. AB - Three formulations of etomidate were evaluated in unpremedicated patients undergoing minor gynaecological procedures. There was a high frequency of pain on injection (up to 50%) and excitatory phenomena (up to 95%) with all formulations. The frequency of excitatory phenomena was significantly greater than that after methohexitone. Recovery was rapid, but emetic sequelae were frequent and significantly more marked than after methohexitone. PMID- 708561 TI - Changes in plasma concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline in anaesthetized patients during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension. AB - Changes in plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured when sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used for the induction of hypotension in healthy adults undergoing middle ear surgery (group 1) and patients undergoing neurosurgery for subarachnoid haemorrhage (group 2). The mean catecholamine concentrations before the infusion of SNP were four to five times greater in group 2 than in group 1. Group 1 showed significant increases in plasma catecholamines during hypotension induced with SNP, the increase correlating significantly with the degree of hypotension and the rate of infusion of SNP. Group 1 showed an increase in heart rate of about 10%, which could not be related to the catecholamine concentrations. In group 2, changes in plasma catecholamines following infusion of SNP were inconsistent. This may have been because the sympatho--adrenal medullary system was already maximally active and was unable to respond further to induced hypotension. PMID- 708562 TI - Plasmapheresis and plasma cholinesterase. AB - Plasma cholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.8) concentrations were measured in nine outpatients who were undergoing regular plasmapheresis. A single plasmapheresis produced a 64% reduction in cholinesterase concentration compared with the value before plasmaphersis. Another patient who received four plasma exchanges in 6 days showed a progressive reduction in cholinesterase concentration to only 8% of the initial value. It is suggested that drugs metabolized by cholinesterase should be used with caution in patients undergoing plasmapheresis, particularly when frequent plasma exchanges are undertaken. PMID- 708563 TI - Changes in ionized calcium and other plasma constituents associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Plasma concentrations of calcium fractions, proteins, phosphate and magnesium were measured before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass in 15 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. When calcium chloride was added to a pump priming solution which contained little or no blood, the concentrations of all calcium fractions were significantly greater after bypass than before, with a mean ionized calcium concentration of 1.52 mmol litre-1 plasma water, 30 min after completion of bypass. This iatrogenic hypercalcaemia was increased significantly by the administration of more than 10 mg kg-1 calcium chloride in the first 30 min after bypass. Other plasma constituents showed the dilutional effect of the pump prime during bypass and only the magnesium concentration failed to return towards normal values after operation. PMID- 708564 TI - Tracheal tubes and connectors used in neonates--dimensions and resistance to breathing. AB - The dimensions of tracheal tubes and connectors in common use were measured together with the resistance to breathing at flow rates occurring in babies breathing quietly. The outside diameters of rubber tubes varied more than those of plastic tubes. The main factors influencing resistance were the internal diameter and a sudden change in diameter or direction of flow. These are of particular importance in tubes of 2.5 mm i.d. and less and may cause an increase in the work of breathing during spontaneous ventilation. The resistance of small Cole pattern tubes was greater than that of plain tubes of similar o.d. PMID- 708565 TI - Application of the Doppler ultrasound bloodflow detector in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. AB - A Doppler ultrasound bloodflow detector was used to localize the third division of the subclavian artery, rendering the supraclavicular approach to the brachial plexus safer and highly successful. PMID- 708566 TI - Emergency obstetric anaesthesia and the use of beta2-sympathomimetic drugs. AB - A case of severe foetal distress is recorded and the rationale and use of a beta sympathomimetic drug are described. PMID- 708567 TI - Spread of extradural analgesia following caudal injection in children. PMID- 708568 TI - Scavenging of anaesthetic gases using the double T-piece system. PMID- 708569 TI - Enhancement and metastasis after immunotherapy of ovine squamous-cell carcinoma. AB - Extracts of ovine squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) prepared by different procedures, were injected at varying concentrations into 184 tumour-bearing sheep. At a total protein of 0.5 mg and greater, there was significant enhancement and metastasis in all 120 sheep examined. Extracts of OSCC containing less than 0.5 mg protein, or of human squamous-cell carcinoma and normal sheep skin containing high levels of protein, had no effect on subsequent tumour development. Extracts of foetal sheep skin at the 3mg-protein level produced significant enhancement and metastasis. The degree of enhancement was inversely proportional to the developmental stage of the tumour at the time of treatment. PMID- 708570 TI - Evaluation of the normal-lymphocyte-transfer test. AB - The normal-lymphocyte-transfer test has been advocated as a method of assessing the immuno-competence of lymphocytes from patients with breast and large-bowel cancer. Evidence is presented in this paper that the methodology is subject to many uncontrollable errors, that the reaction is the result of multiple factors, and that the size of the reaction is related to the age of the patient and not to the extent of the malignancy. PMID- 708571 TI - Effect of lymphocyte supernatants on the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes: significance in cancer diagnosis. AB - We have determined that when an extract of human brain is preincubated with lymphocytes its subsequent capacity to inhibit the electrophoretic mobility of tanned and stabilized erythrocytes is much reduced. There is a differential effect, however, as the observed reduction is from 73% inhibition to approximately 35% when the pre-incubation is with lymphocytes from patients with malignant disease, but from 73% to approximately 10% when it is with lymphocytes from normal controls. These values were obtained at a brain extract concentration of 333 microgram/ml, with 5 times 10(6) lymphocytes, a pre-incubation time of 18 24 h, and a temperature of 27 degrees C, which are the optimum conditions determined for differentiation between cancer patients and normal subjects. In a series of 73 subjects tested by this method 43/51 cancer patients gave an unequivocal "positive" value, 22/22 normal controls gave a "negative" value, with no false positives. PMID- 708572 TI - Oncogenic transformation in vitro by the hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole. AB - The hypoxic cell sensitizer Misonidazole (Ro-07-0582) induces oncogenic transformations in the C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cell line cultured in vitro. A drug concentration of 0.4 mM applied to aerated cells for 3 or 6 days results in a transformation rate comparable to that observed following an X-ray dose of 1 Gray. A higher drug concentration of 6.0 mM is equivalent to 4 Gy. The combination of Misonidazole and X-rays produces a significant increase in the frequency of transformation over either drug or radiation alone, but the data are equivocal on the question of additivity vs synergism. PMID- 708573 TI - Potentially carcinogenic analogues of the carcinogen hexamethylphosphoramide: evaluation in vitro. AB - Experiments conducted in vitro are described which indicate that a family of specifically substituted phosphoramides may share the carcinogenic properties displayed by the structurally novel carcinogen, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). Most of the analogues tested only gave a positive response in vitro when using a substantially modified liver homogenate activation system (S-9 mix). The analogy drawn in our earlier paper between this new class of potential carcinogens and the nitrosamine carcinogens, has been strengthened. The following compounds gave a positive response in the cell transformation assay of Styles: hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), hexamethylphosphorous triamide, hexamethylphosphorothioic triamide, tripiperidinophosphine oxide, phosphorothioic trimorpholide and diethoxymorpholinophosphine oxide (DEMPA). PMID- 708574 TI - Measurement of oestradiol receptors by five institutions on common tissue samples. AB - The soluble oestrogen-receptor content of common breast tumours has been measured by 5 different laboratories, each using their own assay procedure. Good agreement was achieved on whether a sample was positive or negative for oestrogen receptor. Qualitative differences between laboratories could be explained by differences in thiol-reagent content of assay medium and by the method of homogenization. Recommendations are made on some of the factors involved in the routine assay of receptors in breast tumours. PMID- 708575 TI - Oestrogen receptors and the response to endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - The relationship between oestrogen-receptor protein (ER) content of the tumour and the response to endocrine therapy was determined in 119 patients, in a collaborative prospective study. Twenty-eight of the 80 patients with measurable ER responded to treatment according to UICC criteria, compared with only 3/39 without ER. It was found that site of biopsy did not influence the result, but tumour content of the tissue sample was significantly related to the presence of receptors. The organizational problems of such a study are discussed. PMID- 708576 TI - Bone-metastasizing renal tumour of childhood. AB - A primary renal tumour of childhood with histological appearances different from the nephroblastoma is described. This neoplasm, predominantly seen in boys, has a tendency to metastasize to bone. Such metastases are considered to be rare in nephroblastoma and this aspect in studies of Wilms' tumour series is thought to be due, for the most part, to the inclusion of a particular bone-metastasizing tumour in the material. PMID- 708578 TI - In vitro neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster cells by lead acetate and its relevance to environmental carcinogenesis. PMID- 708577 TI - Incidence and long term survival of children with intracranial tumours treated in Denmark 1935-1959. AB - The total number of children under 15 years of age with intracranial tumours in Denmark during the years 1935-1959 was found to be 533. The average incidence was 21 new cases/10(6) children/year during the 25-year period in question, and 25/10(6) children/year during the first 17 years of Danish cancer registration. The sex ratio (290 boys to 243 girls) was not significantly different from that of the child population in Denmark. In 219 cases the tumour was located in the supratentorial and in 314 in the infratentorial space. 93% of the tumours were histologically verified, with the following order of frequency for the most usual types: astrocytomas (all grades), medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and craniopharyngiomas. Follow-up was 100%. For the 345 children who survived for more than one month after operation or diagnosis, 36% were alive after 15 years. 119 patients were alive in April 1974 and these were all observed between 15-40 years after diagnosis and operation. Of these 44 had tumours in the supratentorial and 75 in the infratentorial space. 66% of the survivors with supratentorial and 90% with infratentorial tumours led a normal life. Most of the survivors had had a cerebellar astrocytoma, a supratentorial astrocytoma, an apendymoma or oligodendroglioma, but other histological diagnoses were also represented, especially in the supratentorial group. The long-term prognosis was especially bad for children with brain-stem tumours, infratentorial ependymomas and medulloblastomas. PMID- 708579 TI - Resistance to transplanted cancer in mice increased by live Brucella vaccine. PMID- 708580 TI - Duplication of the long arm of chromosome 1 in a malignant vaginal tumour. PMID- 708581 TI - Life-span and spontaneous tumours in mice with high and low antibody responses (Biozzi mice). PMID- 708583 TI - Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis: cranial and nasal localization in mice. AB - An experimental mouse model for paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) is described. When distribution of cranial lesions following i.v. injection was investigated, invasion of the nasal mucosa with subsequent discharge of budding Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cells into the nasal cavity was noted. The possible significance of this finding in terms of the processes associated with naturally occurring paracoccidioidomycosis is discussed. PMID- 708582 TI - Incidence of spontaneous tumours in neonatally thymectomized rats. PMID- 708584 TI - Persistent inflammatory responses enhance the proinflammatory activity of lymphocytes. PMID- 708585 TI - Sensitivity to pyrexial temperatures: a factor contributing to virulence differences between two clones of influenza virus. AB - The influence of pyrexia on the differential persistence of a virulent and an attenuated clone of influenza virus in the respiratory tract of ferrets has been further studied. Clone 64d, an attenuated clone of a recombinant virus (A/PR/8/34 A/England/939/69 (H3N2)) grown in organ cultures of ferret nasal turbinates, was inactivated at pyrexial temperatures more readily than a virulent Clone 7a. In addition, replication of Clone 64d was restricted at pyrexial temperatures to a greater extent than that of Clone 7a in organ cultures of both ferret nasal turbinate and lung tissue. The greater adverse effects of pyrexial temperatures on Clone 64d appears to explain the earlier reduction of upper respiratory tract infection seen in ferrets infected with this attenuated clone. Also, the differential influence of pyrexial temperatures may be the reason for the virtual lack of lung infection with Clone 64d in vivo in contrast to the consistent infection found with Clone 7a. The relevance of these findings to human infection and to markers of attenuation of influenza virus is discussed. PMID- 708586 TI - Use of lysostaphin to remove cell-adherent staphylococci during in vitro assays of phagocyte function. AB - Lysostaphin, a bacteriolytic enzyme, has been used to remove cell-adherent and extracellular Staphylococcus aureus from phagocyte-bacterial mixtures in vitro. Lysostaphin kills S. aureus more rapidly than penicillin, is not toxic for phagocytic cells and, when used for short periods at low concentrations, appears to enter neither human nor mouse mononuclear phagocytes. The use of lysostaphin provides the basis of a simple reliable direct in vitro assay for measuring the attachment and ingestion of S. aureus by phagocytic cells. PMID- 708587 TI - The effects of changes in diet on lipid levels and platelet thrombus formation in living blood vessels. AB - The work reported here describes an in vivo study over several days in each animal, of the formation and behaviour of platelet thrombi in injured living blood vessels in response to topically applied adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in rabbits fed initially on normal diets, then on experimental "saturated" or "polyunsaturated" diets. The effects of these diets on triglyceride fatty acids and on cholesterol and triglyceride levels are reported. It may be of significance that in each experiment the "polyunsaturated" and "saturated" diets appeared to be associated with an increased sensitivity to ADP greater than observed in rabbits on a normal diet or in normal animals in other studies. PMID- 708588 TI - The morphology of alveolar tissue destruction. AB - Destruction of intra-alveolar stroma in regions of tuberculous pneumonia is described. This destruction is associated with phagocytosis of argentophilic granules and fibre fragments by macrophages. The specific features of stromal destruction consist of sequestration, fragmentation, lysis, and other, less obvious, changes in reticulin and collagen fibres found in the air spaces. These findings have important implications in chronic fibrosing pneumonitis where similar intra-alveolar stromal changes occur. Destructive stromal changes have also been noted within granulomatous nodules of sarcoidosis in the region of giant cells. Some of the latter also contain argentophilic fibre fragments. PMID- 708589 TI - A morphological study of the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and indomethacin on rat mesenteric venules. AB - A method is described for preparing venules of the rat mesentery for electron microscopy after the application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and pretreatment with indomethacin. Local application of 5-HT caused the leakage of colloidal carbon and the emigration of leucocytes into the venule wall. 5-HT also caused endothelial cells to bulge and their nuclei to contort. It increased the number of protrusions on both the luminal and abluminal surfaces of the endothelium and increased the width of the subendothelial space, and the degree of vesiculation in the endothelial cells. Systemic treatment with indomethacin significantly decreased the amount of carbon passing through the endothelium after the local application of 5-HT, but enhanced some of the other effects of 5-HT. Thus it increased the bulging of endothelial cells and contortion of their nuclei, and further increased the number of surface protrusions and the subendothelial space. It had no effect on the emigration of leucocytes resulting from the application of 5-HT. PMID- 708590 TI - The preparation, properties and action on Staphylococcus aureus of purified fractions from the cationic proteins of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - A micropreparative electrophoresis system for purifying the major staphylocidal fractions of cationic proteins from rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes is described. The most staphylocidal fraction prepared is also the most cationic and contains two bands migrating immediately behind protamine sulphate on analytical acid gel electrophoresis. SDS gel electrophoresis indicates that these proteins have low molecular weights between 3,500 and 14,400. The staphylocidal activity of the fraction is affected in the same manner as a crude extract of rabbit PMN granules by iron compounds, respiratory inhibitors, and compounds affecting energy transfer and oxidative phosphorylation. It is stable to heating up to 80 degrees and amino acid analysis shows that it contains 24% arginine. Electron microscopy of staphylococcal spheroplasts treated with the purified fraction or with the crude extract shows that they both have a very marked "blebbing" and distorting action on the double membrane. Comparisons are made between the action of the purified fraction and protamine, and it is concluded that they have very similar, although not identical, properties and actions on staphylococci. PMID- 708591 TI - Possible role of connective tissue in epidermal neoplasia. AB - Interactions between epidermal cells have been defined within a proposed mathematical model of mammalian skin. Testing the model in a computer suggests that in highly proliferating conditions of the epidermis competition for cell space in the basal layer may be sufficient to generate considerable forces in the papillary dermis. Data shown from human and pig epidermal hyperplasia indicate that basal cells are submitted to considerable lateral forces and that these and not dermal hyperplasia are the forces responsible for the increasingly folded dermo-epidermal junction. When the model was examined in condition of persistently high mitotic rate it was found that it could remain stable only if new connective tissue synthesis was not induced by the developing papillary tension. This complex and counterproductive relationship that may occur between epidermis and dermis and its possible role in the development of neoplasia are discussed. PMID- 708592 TI - Leukocyte migration agarose test (LMAT) in sarcoidosis using Kveim test material. AB - The two-stage leukocyte migration agarose test (indirect LMAT), shown to be a sensitive in vitro assay for cell-mediated immunity, was used to study Kveim reactivity in vitro in patients with sarcoidosis. No Kveim-induced inhibition of leukocyte migration in agarose or Kveim-induced lymphocyte transformation in vitro was found in 23 patients with sarcoidosis, suggesting that the Kveim reaction is not an expression of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 708593 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Five case reports of unusual presentation in Zambians. AB - A new clinical presentation of epidermal necrolytic reaction affectting a limited area is reported in 5 Zambian patients. No definite causative factor could be identified in any of these cases. A staphylococcal aetiology is suspected because of the compatible histological features. However, none of the patients had pyogenic skin lesions and staphylococcus was not isolated from the skin lesion. PMID- 708594 TI - Possible defects in triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine metabolism in psoriatic epidermis. AB - Biopsies of normal skin, psoriatic lesions and the adjacent psoriatic skin were incubated with I-14C-acetate, 32P-orthophosphate and U-14C-glycerol. Total incorporation of I-14C-acetate into psoriatic lesions (17 samples) was 50% higher than in the adjacent uninvolved epidermis (9 samples) and 120% higher than into normal epidermis (10 samples). In the psoriatic lesion a much higher proportion of the total incorporation was into the neutral lipids and was due mainly to a very high incorporation of I-14C-acetate into the triacylglycerols. The I-14C acetate incorporated into the phospholipids and especially phosphatidylcholine was proportionally much less in the psoriatic lesion and uninvolved psoriatic epidermis than in normal epidermis even though the incorporation of 32P orthophosphate and U-14C-glycerol, both representing de novo synthesis, into the phospholipids in the psoriatic lesions and uninvolved epidermis were higher (four fold in lesion) than in normal epidermis. Our findings (1) are evidence for a much increased triacylglycerol synthesis in psoriatic epidermis which would account for the long-known observation of lipid droplet accumulation in psoriatic cells; (2) suggest that in psoriatic epidermis there is a defect in phospholipid metabolism mainly involving phosphatidycholine and the deacylation (phospholipase A)-reacylation (phospholipid acyltransferase) cycle for fatty acid transfer. PMID- 708595 TI - Glucose tolerance in eczema. AB - The glucose tolerance of thirty-nine patients with eczema was studied by the intravenous glucose tolerance test. The glucose disappearance rate for the eczema group was 1.69 +/- 0.13 mg % per min and for that controls was 2.92 +/- 0.12, indicating impairment of glucose tolerance in eczema patients. PMID- 708596 TI - Oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy of recalcitrant dermatoses of the palms and soles. AB - PUVA therapy successfully cleared various dermatoses mainly confined to the palms and soles in 18 of 20 patients treated. The conditions treated were: plaque-type psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, endogenous eczema and persistent palmoplantar pustulosis. Seventeen patients were treated in a controlled study of PUVA therapy versus no treatment at all and in 16 of these patients the disease was cleared in the PUVA-treated areas while the untreated areas remained unchanged or deteriorated. Twelve of the 18 patients were maintained in a clear state by continued maintenance PUVA treatment over 6--31 months while 3 patients had a spontaneous remission and are free of disease off all treatment. PMID- 708597 TI - Induction of UV light tolerance by PUVA in patients with polymorphous light eruption. AB - A tan induced by 8-methoxypsoralen-long wave ultraviolet light has proved an effective photoprotective sunscreen in 5 patients with long wave ultraviolet light-induced polymorphic light eruption. PMID- 708598 TI - Treatment of pustular psoriasis with clofazimine. AB - Two cases of generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch) were successfully treated with clofazimine. No side effects were noted except deep red staining of the skin which faded afterwards. PMID- 708599 TI - Assessment of the skin penetration properties of different carrier vehicles for topically applied cortisol. AB - Four commercially available topical preparations of cortisol, Alphaderm, Calmurid HC, Efcortelan and Topisone, had trace quantities of tritiated cortisol added to them. The resultant radiolabelled creams were applied to the dorsum of the pig and the penetration of the steroid was assessed. Alphaderm was shown to deliver approximately 16.0 times more cortisol to the skin than Topisone, approximately 8.0 times more than Efcortelan and approximately 3.0 times more than Calmurid HC. PMID- 708600 TI - Oral treatment of ichthyosis with an aromatic retinoid. AB - An aromatic retinoid (Ro-10/9359) was used for oral treatment of five cases of ichthyosis (three lamellar, two X-linked. Complete clearing of the skin lesions was achieved in all five patients within 24.2 +/- 3.2 days (X-linked 21.75 +/- 6.5, lamellar 23 days). Histopathology showed reduction of the hyperkeratosis, and thickening of the granular layer. Clinical side effects were of mild intensity and included cheilitis, conjunctivitis and pruritus. All side effects were reversible upon reduction of the daily dosage. In three patients treatment was discontinued after clearing of lesions. Fresh lesions re-appeared 6 weeks later. One patient with X-linked ichthyosis developed two recurrences during maintenance treatment; one patient with lamellar ichthyosis was kept in complete remission for 9 weeks on a reduced daily dosage. PMID- 708601 TI - Atopic dermatitis and congenital deafness. AB - In a family with perceptive, non-progressive hearing loss several of the members suffered from atopic dermatitis. The proband had a severe atopic dermatitis and an extremely high IgE value. Some of the family members suffered from atopic dermatitis, others from deafness, and some from both diseases. The co-existence of these two disorders has been previously described in two families. Atopic dermatitis and perceptive, non-progressive congenital deafness might be genetically associated. PMID- 708602 TI - Yellow nail syndrome associated with mental retardation in two siblings. AB - Two siblings with yellow nail syndrome and mental retardation are described. In addition to nail changes, the younger brother was found to have congenital lymphoedema and idiopathic pleural effusion, and the elder brother, lymphoedema praecox. They had in common a history of respiratory tract infections. Their intelligence quotient as measured by the Suzuki-Binet tests was 30% and 70%, respectively. PMID- 708604 TI - Generalized eczema craquele: a marker of zinc deficiency? PMID- 708603 TI - Non-inflammatory dermal elastolysis. AB - A 33-year-old woman is described who suffers from an idiopathic loss of mid dermal elastic tissue which leads to wrinkling of the skin and to discrete perifollicular protrusions. In accordance with Sheley & Wood (1977) we conclude that these findings represent a new entity for which we propose the term 'non inflammatory dermal elastolysis'. PMID- 708605 TI - Ultraviolet light inhibition of oriented fibrin formation in psoriasis. AB - Radially-oriented fibrin crystallization was induced by incubation of blood from psoriatic patients with killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The phenomenon was inhibited by irradiation of the buffy coat in plasma with UV-B. It was not inhibited by UV-A unless trioxsalen had been added. Addition of UV-A-irradiated plasma to non-irradiated buffy coat also inhibits the fibrin formation. PMID- 708606 TI - Mouse screening test for evaluating protection to longwave ultraviolet radiation. AB - Albino mice photosensitized to psoralens were used for evaluating a sun-barrier preparation for use against longwave ultraviolet radiation. The difference in thickness of the treated and control ears at various times after irradiation was used as a measure of photoprotection. PMID- 708607 TI - A comparison of the anatomical uniformity of irradiation in two different photochemotherapy units. AB - Measurements have been made of the anatomical distribution of ultraviolet radiation resulting from the irradiation of an inanimate manikin in a PUVA 6000 unit and a PUVA 4000 unit. The dosimeter used was phenothiazine film. The results indicated a very similar pattern of relative UV dose on the surface of the manikin from both units. PMID- 708608 TI - The effect of a single plunking at different times in the hair cycle on the growth of individual mouse vibrissae. AB - Mouse vibrissae have been plucked at precise times throughout the hair cycle and the time of appearance of the new hair noted for each individual follicle. It was found that plucking a vibrissa at any time during the cycle resulted in the induction of a new hair and in no case did the follicle continue the same cycle. All the vibrissae grew at the normal rate of 1.0 mm/day for most of the growing period and whenever plucked during this period a new hair appeared after 8--11 days. When the growth rate fell to 0.6--0.7mm/day at the end of the growing period plucking resulted in the appearance of a new hair after 7 days. When the growth rate fell to 0.1--0.3 mm/day a new hair appeared 5 days after plucking, thus the time of normal eruption was not altered. When whiskers were 10--15 mm long and about half way through the active growth phase their follicles were surgically transected at one of three different levels: (1) just above the dermal papilla which left all or most of the differentiating matrix cells, (2) mid follicle and (3) at the level of the sebacaous gland. In each case the distal part of the hair was then plucked. In five out of ten cases when the cut was made just above the dermal papilla a new hair erupted after a variable time 10--15 days. In all other cases the existing hair cycle was completed after a delay of a few days. This emphasizes the importance of the differentiated matrix cells in the maintenance of the hair cycle. PMID- 708609 TI - The long term effect of repeated pluckings on the function of the mouse vibrissal follicles. AB - Single mouse vibrissae were plucked repeatedly at the same time of the cycle (10- 15 days after eruption) for ten successive cycles from eight individual follicles. After three pluckings the first grey whisker appeared, after six pluckings all were grey. Two follicles stopped producing whiskers after seven pluckings and another two after the 8th. Henceforth only 50% of the follicles continued producing whiskers until the end of the experiment. All the follicles which ceased to produce whiskers had a keratogenous cyst occupying most of the follicle in direct contact with the dermal papilla. In all cases the isolated dermal papilla was condensed and rounded in shape. Both loss of pigment and cyst formation could be due to the mechanical damage in the follicle caused by repeated plucking. PMID- 708610 TI - Alopecia areata: immunofluorescence and other studies. AB - In a study of 24 patients with alopecia areata, scalp biopsies were examined for immunofluorescence; all were negative. A number of other tests also failed to confirm an auto-immune aetiology for this disease. A possible explanation lies in the heterogeneity of alopecia areata, only a small proportion of cases being of the auto-immune type. PMID- 708611 TI - Leukoderma in the nude C57BL/6 mouse. AB - The nu gene bred into mice causes the animals to be athymic and nude, that is their hairs do not project past the follicular orifice making them appear to be hairless. The gene has been bred into C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice which are homozygous for the gene are runted and nude and develop leukoderma around 6 weeks of age. The leukoderma is caused by shedding of short stubby, barely visible black hairs, probably a normal hair cycle. This type of leukoderma is not vitiligo, a disease which causes the skin to turn white because of destruction of the melanocytes in the epidermis or hair bulbs. PMID- 708612 TI - Complement components in blood serum and suction blister fluid in erythropoietic protoporphyria. AB - Complement factor's C3c, C4, factor B, C3d and the immunoglobulin IgA were determined in suction blister fluid of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and in normal controls. The levels increased when the skin of the patients had been previously irradiated with 'white light', but with Kromayer radiation, and were interpreted as being the result of increased vasopermeability. PMID- 708613 TI - Genital warts: incidence of associated genital infections. AB - Two hundred and seventy-eight men and 200 women who presented to a Special Treatment Clinic with genital warts were screened for accompanying genital infections. One hundred and twenty-nine of 212 presentations (61%) in women compared to 98 of 303 presentations (32%) in men were accompanied by another genital infection P less than 0.001). Recurrent presentation with warts was commoner in men (P less than 0.001). In both sexes recurrences were less likely to be accompanied by another genital infection. (P less than 0.002). Yeasts (25%), C. vaginale (21%), N.gonorrhoea (12%) and T. vaginalis (12%) were the commonest pathogens in women. Non-specific genital infection (17%) and gonorrhoea (10%) were the commonest accompanying infections in men. The identification and treatment of these infections, especially in women, is important for the rapid eradication of warts, for, by increasing genital moisture they can create and maintain a favourable environment for wart proliferation. In addition to screening all patients with warts for other sexually transmitted diseases, women should be screened for yeasts and C. vaginale. PMID- 708614 TI - Failure of metronidazole treatment in Ethiopian mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - Metronidazole was found to be of no value in the treatment of five cases of Ethtiopian mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 708615 TI - An hereditary syndrome of lumpy scalp, odd ears and rudimentary nipples. AB - A syndrome, consisting of a congenital abnormality of the scalp, ears and nipples inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, is reported. Ten affected members of a family over five generations are recorded and the four living affected members are described in detail. A review of congenital localized aplasias of skin suggests that this may be a new syndrome. PMID- 708616 TI - Follicular atrophoderma with multiple basal cell carcinomas (Bazex). AB - Five patients from a single family are reported who have an inherited condition of which the main features are follicular atrophoderma, abnormalities of scalp hair and multiple basal cell carcinomas. Thes abnormalities are consistent with the syndrome described by Bazex et al. (1964). The pattern of inheritance of this condition is discussed. PMID- 708617 TI - Co-existence of pemphigus, anti-skeletal muscle antibody and a retroperitoneal paraganglioma. AB - Occasional reports have appeared in the literature describing a relationship between pemphigus vulgaris and malignancy (Krain & Bierman, 1974; Tagami et al., 1976). Carcinoma of the ovary, stomach, breast, endometrium and bronchus have all been associated with pemphigus (Krain, 1974). The association between pemphigus and thymoma is well known (Stillmand & Baer, 1972). Pemphigus has also been described in connection with various lymphoproliferative malignancies (Naysmith & Hancock, 1976). The purpose of this paper is to describe a patient who suffered from a rare retroperitoneal tumour in association with pemphigus vulgaris. His serum contained a high titre of anti-skeletal muscle antibody, although he showed no clinical manifestations of myasthenia gravis. He also had immunological manifestations suggestive of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 708618 TI - Epithelioid sarcoma--a case report. AB - A case of epithelioid sarcoma is reported which clinically resembled sporotrichosis. PMID- 708619 TI - Urticaria-like lesions associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: response to dapsone. AB - A cases of systemic lupus erythematosus is reported, presenting with urticaria like lesions and complement deficiencies, which was completely controlled by dapsone. PMID- 708620 TI - Psoriasis and occlusive vascular disease. AB - To test the hypothesis that psoriasis is associated with an increased incidence of occlusive vascular disease (thrombophlebitis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolization, and cerebrovascular accident), the clinical records of 323 psoriatic and 325 non-psoriatic patients admitted to the dermatology service of the Roger Williams General Hospital were examined. The data obtained in this study suggest that (1) the occurrence rate of occlusive vascular disease is significantly greater in the psoriatic than in the non-psoriatic dermatological patient. This is particularly true in the male population; (2) psoriasis predisposes to occlusive vascular disease; and (3) the psoriatic patient with certain predisposing factors is at greater risk of experiencing an occlusive vascular episode than both the non-predisposed psoriatic and the non-psoriatic dermatological patient. PMID- 708621 TI - HLA antigens in persistent palmoplantar pustulosis and its relationship to psoriasis. AB - HLA typing was performed on 93 patients with persistent palmoplantar pustulosis. The incidence of either HLA B13 or BW17 was not significantly increased as compared to controls. In addition the frequency of BW35 was no different from controls. However, the present results document a significantly increased frequency (38.7%) of B8. Taken together these data are good evidence that palmoplantar pustulosis is a genetically distinct disease entity from psoriasis vulgaris, despite the increased incidence of psoriasis in the condition. PMID- 708622 TI - Multinucleate epidermal cells in non-neoplastic dermatoses. AB - Multinucleate epidermal cells (MEC) originated from keratinocytes were observed histologically in 92 of 197 cases of non-neoplastic dermatoses, such as lupus erythematosus (26 of 70), lichenoid eruptions (26 of 47), Hailey-Hailey disease (5 of 5), psoriasis vulgaris (20 of 49) and so on. Most of these cells had two nuclei, and a few had three nuclei. MEC usually showed perinuclear bands of eosinophilic material which also showed positive staining for epidermal fibres (tonofilaments). In all cases of Hailey-Hailey disease, close correlation between formation of MEC and dyskeratotic tendency was observed. From these findings, it is concluded that the mechanism of formation of MEC in these dermatoses may be similar to that of Bowen's disease, in which dyskeratotic tonofilaments become entangled with the spindles of the mitotic apparatus so that normal cell division cannot take place. It seems likely that MEC are a manifestation not only of malignant dyskeratosis but also of benign one. PMID- 708623 TI - Dermo-epidermal relationships in pyogenic granulomata. AB - The epidermis of pyogenic granulomata is presented with an unusual problem of distorted dermoepidermal relationships. In this study we have attempted to delineate the problem and have studied the way in which the epidermis copes with its difficulties. Sixteen pyogenic granulomata with (where possible) paralesional skin (and for comparison ten Campbell de Morgan spots) were studied by cell kinetic techniques. High labelling indices were found in the epidermis and in the endothelium in the pyogenic granulomata (contrasting strikingly with the findings in the Campbell de Morgan spots). A variable morphological response was found ranging from hyperplasia with parakeratosis to epidermal thinning and atrophy. Possible mechanisms for the epidermal changes are discussed and it is suggested that the data produced from this and similar studies may aid the understanding of dermo-epidermal interaction in a variety of common skin disorders including psoriasis. PMID- 708624 TI - Towards characterization of epidermal cell migration promotion activity in serum. AB - The effect of various fractions of serum on active epidermal cell migration in vitro has been studied by incubating small explants of normal human skin in the presence of the fractions and determining the extent of migration after 48 h incubation. Serum was fractionated by combining ammonium sulphate precipitation and molecular sieve chromatography using Sephadex G-200. The components of serum responsible for most, if not all, of the migration promotion activity were localized in the G-200 third peak (albumin fraction) of the supernatant after precipitation of the serum with ammonium sulphate at 50% saturation. PMID- 708625 TI - A new form of cellular arrangement in guinea-pig ear epidermis. AB - A new type of squame arrangements is described in guinea-pig ear epidermis. It is characterized by overlapping obliquely-angled outer cells and squames, which thus form a roof-tile pattern. This pattern develops in epidermis that is thicker than about 42 micron; in thinner epidermis the outer cells and squames form the usual columnar stacks. It is concluded that the roof-tile pattern, which is usually directed towards the ear edge, is typical of slight to moderate hyperplasia. In extreme hyperplasia, when the strata granulosum and corneum are destroyed, only cellular disorder is seen. PMID- 708626 TI - Human infections with Microsporum persicolor in Denmark. AB - The geographical and ecological spread of Microsporum persicolor is reviewed. It is concluded that M. persicolor is a zoophilic dermatophyte prevalent mainly in Europe and seldom reported as the cause of human infection. Twelve Danish cases of M. persicolor infection are described--their clinical features, mycological findings, and treatment. The localization of these fungal infections is reviewed on the basis of the present material and 58 cases from the literature. PMID- 708627 TI - Correlations between epithelial cells and bacterial populations in bacteriological skin samples. PMID- 708628 TI - An assessment of (1) cyproterone acetate and (2) ethinyl oestradiol and lynoestrenol (Minilyn) in the treatment of idiopathic hirsutism. AB - The administration of cyproterone acetate can be effective in the treatment of 'idiopathic' hirsutism. In 5 similarly affected patients treated with ethinyloestradiol and lynoestrenol (Minilyn) the rate of hair growth was reduced in only two, even though the serum total testosterone was reduced in each instance. PMID- 708629 TI - Generalized Hailey-Hailey disease. AB - A woman of 60 developed a generalized erythroderma. The case history revealed classical symptoms of Hailey-Hailey disease for 17 years. Light- and electron microscopic investigations confirmed the diagnosis of generalized Hailey-Hailey disease--an extremely rare condition. Two additional cases with widespread clinical manifestations are presented. These observations underline the fact that the whole epidermis is genetically disturbed and may react to various insults with suprabasal acantholysis. PMID- 708630 TI - Buckley's syndrome. AB - An infant girl with chronic eczema, recurrent infections, elevated IgE and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis appeared to belong to the group of patients described by Buckley, Wray & Belmaker (1972). An hereditary influence is suggested by a similar defect found in the patient's mother. Levamisole improved the in vitro defect and the clinical picture. PMID- 708631 TI - Localized crusting as an artefact. AB - Four patients are reported, two with gross crusting of the nose and two with gross crusting of the lips considered to be artefacts. The crusting was easily removed using soft paraffin or Viscopaste. PMID- 708632 TI - Eruptive melanocytic naevi following severe bullous disease. AB - Two patients developed eruptive naevi following severe bullous disease. The naevi developed after an interval of months and remain unchanged 4 years later. Eruptive naevi have been described after convulsions and both patients developed bullous disease after treatment for convulsions. PMID- 708633 TI - Juvenile plantar dermatosis in identical twins. PMID- 708634 TI - Co-trimoxazole resistant mycobacterium marinum. PMID- 708635 TI - Ways of expressing results of human bone marrow progenitor cell culture. AB - In human bone marrow culture studies the number of granulocyte progenitor cells (CFUc) is expressed as the number of colonies per 10(5) incubated, nucleated cells. However, this provides little information on cell proliferation kinetics of granulopoiesis. The ratio of progenitors (CFUc) to end cells (metamyelocytes or granulocytes) is related to the effectiveness of granulopoiesis and this allows an estimate to be made of an amplification factor within the maturing and proliferating compartments. We measured an index equal to the number of CFUc per 10(5) falls when a large number of granulocytes is produced by each progenitor cell. This was observed in many patients with a neutropenia. An estimation of the total number of metamyelocytes is based on the ratio of the number of metamyelocytes to the number of blood granulocytes. This allows an estimate of the total number of CFUcs, which is of clinical interest. PMID- 708636 TI - A comparison using quantitative enzyme cytochemistry between leucocyte alkaline phosphatase levels in the bone marrow and blood of the rat. AB - Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) levels have been compared in neutrophil polymorphs in bone marrow and blood in the rat, using a quantitative enzyme cytochemical technique. It has been shown that LAP levels are higher in bone marrow than blood, both in normal animals and those with experimentally-induced local inflammatory lesions. In the latter group both marrow and blood LAP levels were higher than in controls; blood levels rose because of the outpouring of cells with moderately high LAP levels into the blood and marrow levels rose because only cells with very high LAP levels remained. The inverse relationship between neutrophil age and alkaline phosphatase content, previously demonstrated in the peripheral blood of the rat, has also been shown to exist in the bone marrow. PMID- 708637 TI - Correction of the bleeding time in patients with storage pool deficiency by infusion of cryoprecipitate. AB - Five patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: storage pool deficiency, albinism and ceroid containing bone marrow macrophages and three patients with uncomplicated storage pool deficiency were treated with cryoprecipitate from 16 donors. Within 2 h of transfusion, bleeding times decreased towards a third of initial values. This effect lasted for at least 4 h but had disappeared after 24 h. Six of these eight patients were also treated with an equal volume of human albumin solution. Infusion of albumin had no effect on the bleeding times. The abnormal platelet function tests and biochemical abnormalities (decreased values of platelet total adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP(I) and serotonin) remained unchanged. On four occasions infusion of cryoprecipitate twice daily protected patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and storage pool deficiency from bleeding during surgery. The mechanism of action of cryoprecipitate in this clinical situation is obscure. PMID- 708638 TI - Serum iron and the mouse fetal liver cell assay for serum erythropoietin. PMID- 708639 TI - Structure of fibrinogen and fibrin. PMID- 708640 TI - Malignant histiocytosis: a clinico-pathological study of 12 cases. AB - The clinico-pathological features of 12 cases of malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary reticulosis), aged 12-60 years, were studied. Special emphasis was put on the analysis of the haematological, cytological and histopathological findings of the disease. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies from involved tissues (liver, lymph node, spleen and skin) were found best suited for establishing the diagnosis. Cytochemical and ultrastructural data support the concept that the neoplastic cells belong to the mononuclear-phagocyte system. Three untreated patients died in less than 6 months. Median survival of the nine treated patients was 1 year. Seven patients were treated with the combination chemotherapy CHOP and four achieved a complete remission. Three of them are alive and continue in unmaintained remission for more than 1 year, surviving so far for 18+ to 31+ months. Two cases showed evidence of CNS involvement, one during life and the other as a post-mortem finding. The differential diagnosis from other related or unrelated disorders and the possible aetiological factors responsible for the disease are discussed in detail. PMID- 708641 TI - Erythrokinetic studies in myelofibrosis: their significance for prognosis. AB - Eighty-three patients with myelofibrosis have been studied by erythrokinetics and have been followed up until death or for at least 12 months. Because of a large plasma volume the venous haematocrit gives only a poor idea of the red blood cell volume. The red cell survival was reduced in the majority of cases but significant haemolysis was rare. The amount of haemolysis of autologous and isologous red cells was similar, suggesting an extra-corpuscular origin for the haemolysis. Plasma iron turnover was always increased, sometimes markedly, but red cell iron incorporation was reduced in 70% of cases, indicating ineffective erythropoiesis. Surface counting showed an absence on diminution of sacral iron fixation and a rapid and marked splenic uptake in more than 90% of the cases; uptake of iron by the liver occurred in half the cases, usually not very high; iron release from the spleen was absent or reduced in 67% of the cases. The degree of ineffective erythropoiesis as measured by radio-iron incorporation and release by the spleen, the amount of haemolysis, and the red cell volume were strongly correlated with prognosis. These factors enabled a more precise prediction to be made of the clinical outcome in the 2 years following the study, than the clinical data alone. A prospective study might show whether erythrokinetic studies are also useful in determining the choice of treatment. PMID- 708642 TI - Improvement of polymorphonuclear leucocyte oxidative and bactericidal functions in chronic granulomatous disease with 4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulphone. AB - In an effort to restore oxidant-dependent capabilities to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), we studied a dapsone derivative, 4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulphone (DDS-NOH), known to generate H2O2. After incubation of CGD PMN with 0.2 and 1.0 mM DDS-NOH for 30 min, the rate of glucose-1-14C oxidation via hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt increased 2--4-fold and that of iodination of ingested zymosan particles 1.5--2.7 fold. Both effects could be further enhanced by superoxide dismutase (SOD) but inhibited by catalase. In three patients, 0.2 mM DDS-NOH improved in vitro killing of Staph. aureus. DDS-NOH 0.02 mM induced capping of Concanavalin A (Con A) receptor complexes suggesting interference by the drug with microtubule associated function. Thus, optimal concentrations of DDS-NOH may be employed as an oxidant to improve metabolic and bactericidal functions of PMN from patients with CGD. PMID- 708643 TI - Plasma clearance and renal excretion of erythrocyte cryoprotectant hydroxyethylated amylopectin. AB - The value of low molecular weight-hydroxyethylated amylopectin (cryo-HES) as an extracellular cryoprotectant has been demonstrated in vitro. It is important that details of the intravascular persistence and urinary excretion be determined to compare with data already available as other grades of HES and with data on transfusion of cryo-HES cryoprotected blood. Following a single 400 ml (14% solution) infusion in man, the intravascular clearance of cryo-HES was well described mathematically by the equation: y = 3.30+6.49e-0.15kappa. The plasma concentration of cryo-HES fell to half its peak value in approximately 9.6 h. Approximately 20% of the total infused cryo-HES was excreted in the urine during the first post-injection hour, and 50% by 72 h. The ESR was not altered significantly by the presence of this material. The present study indicates that cryo-HES is eliminated rapidly and may thus be safe for transfusion to recipients of frozen blood. PMID- 708644 TI - Organelle pathology in primary and secondary haemochromatosis with special reference to lysosomal changes. AB - The organelle pathology of liver biopsy specimens from patients with either primary or secondary haemochromatosis was investigated by analytical subcellular fractionation in combination with enzymic microanalysis. The most striking changes were found in the lysosomes. Increased total activities but decreased latent activities of enzymes selectively localized to the high density population of lysosomes was demonstrated in the iron overloaded biopsies. Depletion of the iron, where possible, by venesection was accompanied by a return to normal of these changes. The other subcellular organelles, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, biliary canaliculi, mitochondria, peroxisomes and the low density population of lysosomes appear to be relatively unaffected. The minor changes demonstrated are similar to those seen in other forms of chronic liver disease. It is suggested that iron mediated lysosomal disruption is implicated in the pathogenesis of the tissue damage in haemochromatosis. PMID- 708645 TI - Non-specific serum iron in thalassaemia: an abnormal serum iron fraction of potential toxicity. AB - Iron binding in the sera of 35 patients with beta thalassaemia major and intermedia was studied. In patients receiving regular blood transfusions since infancy transferrin was completely saturated and about 2.7--7.1 mumol/l of the serum iron could be removed by dialysis or ultrafiltration in the presence of a chelating agent or by filtration on DEAE-Sephadex-catecholdisulphonic acid columns. In contrast, less than 1.0 mumol/l of transferrin bound iron was removed when subjected to the same procedures. The non-specific iron of thalassaemic sera could no longer be demonstrated after incubation with normal serum. These findings indicate that non-specific iron is a chelatable with normal serum. These findings indicate that non-specific iron is a chelatable compound which is readily available for transferrin binding. In view of the known toxicity of unbound iron, its identification in thalassaemic sera might be of relevance to the pathogenesis of tissue damage and the protective effect of iron chelating therapy in this disease. PMID- 708646 TI - Iron deficiency anaemia in newborn sla mice: a genetic defect of placental iron transport. AB - Newborn mice with X-linked anaemia (gene symbol sla) have lower haemoglobin levels at birth than normal and carrier mice but there is considerable overlap. Serial observations showed that the haemoglobin values of segregating male mice separate into a bimodal distribution of 42 d of age, and 50 d values were used to assign genotypes retrospectively. The anaemia in newborn sla mice is attributable to iron deficiency, since their total body iron is lower than in normal newborn mice, while their birth weights are almost identical. Haemoglobin levels at birth in normal, anaemic and carrier mice are also influenced by the mother's genotype and phenotype, and the haemoglobin value was progressively lower according to the sla gene dose of the mother. Materno-fetal iron transfer was examined by labelling pregnant carrier females with radioiron in various ways. When given as single or intermittent doses by injection no clearcut differences emerged in apparent iron transfer to anaemic as compared to non-anaemic fetuses. However, when radioiron was administered continuously in food a significant reduction in iron transfer to anaemic fetuses was demonstrated. The sla gene is already known to have a major effect in reducing iron transport in the small intestine. The present studies provide evidence of an analogous defect in placental iron transport. PMID- 708647 TI - Constitutional aplastic anaemia: defective haematopoietic stem cell growth in vitro. PMID- 708648 TI - Demonstration of the outer surface of freeze-etched normal human platelets: correlation with buoyant density. AB - The external surface of the normal human platelet shows clusters of spherical particles in a reticular pattern with smooth and regular surface membrane in adjacent areas. Labelling with cationic ferritin demonstrates a diffuse distribution of ferritin particles which stop at the fracture face of the intramembranous surface. The intramembranous surface is not labelled. Previously discrepant observations on the plasma membrane surface are probably due to different techniques of platelet preparation for freeze-etch electron microscopy. Density-dependent platelet sub-populations do not differ with respect to the ultrastructural features of their external surface and intramembranous portions of the plasma membrane. Based upon the relationship between platelet density and age, it appears that the ultrastructure of the normal platelet plasma membrane does not change with in vivo ageing. PMID- 708649 TI - A comparison of platelet production in mice made thrombocytopenic by hypoxia and by platelet specific antisera. PMID- 708650 TI - Different requirements for intrinsic factor-Xa forming activity and platelet factor 3 activity and their relationship to platelet aggregation and secretion. PMID- 708651 TI - Discrepancy between one-stage and two-stage assay of factor VIII:C. AB - Two methods (one-stage and two-stage) are commonly used for the assay of factor VIII clotting activity (VIII:C). We present collected data from seven separate studies of VIII:C assay which show that these methods do not give the same result when comparing concentrates and plasma. On average, two-stage assays detect 20% more VIII:C activity in concentrates as compared to plasmas than do one-stage assays. PMID- 708652 TI - Observations on the distribution of granulocytic progenitor cells (CFU-C) in human bone marrow: the importance of the manner in which the results of in vitro cultures are reported. PMID- 708653 TI - Vaginal bleeding in childhood: a review of 51 patients. AB - A search of the medical records at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street and Chelsea Hospital for Women, London, revealed 51 cases of vaginal bleeding in children under the age of 10 occurring in the years 1962 through 1977. The bleeding was caused by some form of precocious puberty in 37 patients (73 per cent). Eight of these patients had cyclical vaginal bleeding in the absence of secondary sexual development or advanced bone age. Fourteen patients (27 per cent) bled because of a local lesion and six of these had a malignant neoplasm of the genital tract. PMID- 708654 TI - Tobacco chewing in pregnancy. AB - The effects of tobacco chewing by pregnant women were investigated. When compared with those who did not do so, tobacco-chewing mothers had a greatly increased stillbirth rate, a low male : female infant sex ratio and a major reduction in birth weight which was due in large part to early delivery. PMID- 708655 TI - The acute effect of smoking on intervillous blood flow of the placenta. AB - Smoking a standard cigarette caused an acute decrease in intervillous placental blood flow. This change normalized within 15 minutes. At the time intervillous blood flow was depressed, heart rate and blood pressure were elevated and remained so throughout the study period. Repeated decreases in the intervillous blood flow could explain growth retardation of the fetus and some other complications of pregnancy in women who smoke. PMID- 708656 TI - Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus and placenta. AB - In a large, prospective study, mothers who smoked during one pregnancy but not another had smaller infants in the pregnancy in which they smoked, irrespective of birth order and many other factors that affect fetal growth. Light cigarette smokers gained an average 90 g less at term than non-smokers, entirely due to the smaller size of the light smokers' newborn infants. Heavy smokers gained 533 g less than non-smokers, only one-third of which was due to the smaller size of the heavy smokers' newborn infants. As smoking increased, placentas enlarged and developed microscopic lesions characteristic of underperfusion from the uterus. This underperfusion was probably periodic rather than continuous because the smokers' decidua had few of the arterial lesions that are characteristic of chronic low blood flow. Pregnancies were a mean 1.5 days shorter in smokers than in non-smokers, due to more frequent amniotic fluid infections in the smokers. PMID- 708657 TI - The plasma half-life of placental hormones. AB - Blood was collected from 12 women following Caesarean section or normal delivery at term. The decline in plasma concentration of total oestriol, oestriol sulphate, oestriol glucosiduronate, unconjugated oestriol, human placental lactogen and pregnancy specific beta1 glycoprotein following delivery of the placenta was studied for 120 hours. The steroids and human placental lactogen fell very rapidly but pregnancy specific beta1 glycoprotein declined much more slowly. Analysis of the curves of puerperal decline suggests that the oestriol moieties are distributed in many compartments of the mother but that the proteins penetrate only to the plasma and the interstitial fluid. PMID- 708658 TI - Blood pressure in the arm and leg in late pregnancy. AB - Arm and leg blood pressures were measured by an indirect sphygmomanometric method in 12 women in late pregnancy and the results were compared with those in 12 matched non-pregnant women. In most of the pregnant women the diastolic blood pressure measured in the leg fell significantly with a change in posture from the supine to lateral position. In contrast, no significant change was observed in arm blood pressure with postural change after correcting for hydrostatic pressure difference. The interpretation of these findings is discussed with particular reference to methodology of blood pressure measurement. PMID- 708659 TI - Plasma prolactin in pregnancy induced hypertension. AB - In a prospective study, plasma prolactin concentration at 37 to 41 weeks gestation in 45 primigravidae showed a significant correlation with maximal rise in diastolic blood pressure between levels at 7 to 16 weeks and those measured between 28 weeks and delivery. PMID- 708660 TI - The effect of low haematocrit on serum human placental lactogen values. AB - Serial determinations of serum human placental lactogen (HPL) levels in women with haematocrit values of 28 per cent or less between 18 and 30 weeks gestation have been compared with the controls who had haematocrit values of 35 per cent or more. The women with low haematocrit values were found to have significantly raised HPL levels throughout the period of study. The placenta was significantly heavier in the anaemic group (P less than 0.01) but there was no significant difference in birth weights of the infants. It would seem that caution should be exercised in using HPL values as an index of placental function in anaemic women. PMID- 708661 TI - The effect of oral salbutamol on serum potassium and blood sugar. AB - Serum potassium and blood sugar concentrations were measured in six patients treated with oral salbutamol to inhibit premature labour. The fall in serum potassium and rise in blood sugar were variable and not present in every patient. The values returned to the normal range usually within 72 hours of continuous usage of the drug. PMID- 708662 TI - Changes in salivary peroxidase and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocyte enzyme activities during the menstrual cycle. AB - An elevation in salivary peroxidase activity has been found about the time of ovulation in 14 menstrual cycles in a total of six women. This peak coincided with the ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) and oestrogen peak in the four cycles in which endocrine studies were performed. Rises in some polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocyte enzymes were also seen around ovulation. The possible use of changes in salivary peroxidase as a method for detection of ovulation is discussed. PMID- 708663 TI - Primary peritoneal pregnancy in association with intrauterine contraceptive devices: two case reports. AB - Two patients with a primary pelvic peritoneal ectopic pregnancy are reported. Both had been fitted with an intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 708664 TI - The value of cardiotocography in abruptio placentae. Case report. AB - The main indication for Caesarean section in cases of placental abruption is fetal distress. We report a patient in whom clinical examination, including auscultation of the fetal heart, suggested a mild haemorrhage, which would normally have been managed conservatively, but continuous fetal heart rate monitoring showed severe asphyxia, necessitating emergency Caesarean section at which a large concealed haemorrhage was found. PMID- 708665 TI - Quantitative relationship between cupping of the optic disc and visual field loss in chronic simple glaucoma. AB - The extent of cupping was measured from optic disc photographs of 300 patients with ocular hypertension and suspected or established chronic simple glaucoma, and their visual fields were recorded. The incidence of field defects increased as the vertical cup:disc ratio increased, a value of 0-70 for this ratio being a particularly useful guide to the presence or absence of field loss. There was a significant correlation between the extent of cupping and the size of the visual field. The vertical cup:disc ratio was the most useful quantitative index of cupping. PMID- 708666 TI - The optic disc in glaucoma, III: diffuse optic disc pallor with raised intraocular pressure. AB - Ten patients (14 eyes) with chronic simple glaucoma are described, each with features atypical for this disease and more suggestive that each had suffered an acute ischaemic optic neuropathy. Diagnosis of an acute ischaemic optic neuropathy in these cases is important, as treatment of ocular hypertension in the contralateral 'normal' eye may prevent a similar attack. Optic nerve disease and visual loss in chronic simple glaucoma probably occur as a result of several different mechanisms. Sudden field loss following an acute ischaemic optic neuropathy may be only one of them. PMID- 708667 TI - Ocular hypertension: a comparative follow-up of black and white patients. AB - Forty-four eyes in 25 black patients are compared with 92 eyes of 47 white patients in a population with ocular hypertension followed up for 1 to 12 years in a glaucoma clinic. The black patients present at a younger age than the whites and their mean initial intraocular pressure is significantly higher. The fact that more black ocular hypertensives developed glaucoma--8 eyes (18.1%) in the black population as compared with 5 eyes (5.4%) in the white population--is attributed to these two differences. PMID- 708668 TI - The effect of standardised submaximal work load on intraocular pressure. AB - A relatively small decrease in intraocular pressure secondary to submaximal work can be demonstrated when factors other than the work load itself are eliminated- diurnal variation, body position, and the effect of repeated examinations. A feedback mechanism that causes a return of IOP towards its normal value after work-induced decreases is postulated. PMID- 708669 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on intraocular pressure and vision. AB - In a survey of 426 patients of Toronto ophthalmologists the correlations of reported smoking habits with (1) intraocular pressure and (2) visual acuity were examined. Average tonometer readings were closely similar in smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers, and multiple regression analysis showed similar age coefficients for the 3 categories. However, in women (but not in men) there was also a significant coefficient related to total cigarette exposure (puff-pack-years). It is suggested that this was due to recent smoking rather than a permanent effect on tonometer pressures, pointing the need to standardise this aspect of ocular pressure measurements. Visual acuity showed similar age coefficients in smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers, with no independent effect of exposure to cigarette smoke. PMID- 708670 TI - Effect of posture on the intraocular pressure of patients with retinal vein obstruction. AB - The effect of change of posture on the level of the intraocular pressure was studied in 22 patients who had suffered 'occlusion' of a central retinal vein, 14 patients with occlusion of a tributary of the central vein, and 23 normal subjects. The results showed a significant difference in behaviour between subjects in the control group and both groups of patients with retinal vein occlusions. In general it appears that the normal person maintains a relatively rigid control of ocular tension. The eyes are maintained at similar pressures which vary very little with change in posture. In contrast, the patient with a retinal vein occlusion (whether central or tributary) does not appear to have a similar degree of control. The eyes are not maintained at closely similar pressures, and each eye shows a change of pressure with change of posture which is considerably greater than that shown by the eyes of normal persons. The significance of these results is discussed with particular reference to the clinical association of retinal vein occlusion and chronic simple glaucoma, in which latter condition a similar lack of postural control of the intraocular pressure is found. PMID- 708671 TI - Clearance of debris from the iris through the drainage angle of the rabbit's eye. AB - The fate of particulate material on entering the drainage angle of the rabbit's eye was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The infiltrate was produced by photocoagulation of the iris. Initially it consisted of plasma, connective tissue and cellular debris, fibrin, and red blood cells. Later, free melanin granules, polymorphs, macrophages, and iris clump cells were all seen to enter the drainage system. Native meshwork cells were found to be active phagocytes and began to degrade various components of the infiltrate within 2 hours of the formation of the iris lesions. Corneal endothelial cells, the cells which cover the iris pillars, and the adventitial cells of the ciliary body were less active but were also phagocytic. PMID- 708672 TI - The perimeter as a monitor of glaucomatous changes. AB - A small group of glaucoma patients with scotomata were compared with normal coevals. Plots were obtained of the error of each measurement as a function of retinal illumination. A statistical analysis shows the limitations of perimetry as a monitor of the progress of glaucoma. The significance of the data is discussed. PMID- 708673 TI - Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from a patient with interstitial keratitis and uveitis associated with otological and cardiovascular lesions. AB - A case history of a 15-year-old schoolgirl with fluctuating bilateral uveitis, bilateral stromal keratitis with vascularisation, and bilateral deafness associated with tinnitus and balance disturbance is described. Three years from the onset of her clinical signs she died of a sudden cardiac arrest caused by endocarditis associated with valvular and arterial lesions. Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from her conjunctiva. In her blood type-specific antichlamydial antibody at a level of 1/64 against her own isolate was detected. The clinical findings in this patient were suggestive of a Cogan's syndrome. It is highly probable that the chlamydia isolated from the eyes was responsible for her various lesions. PMID- 708674 TI - Immunological investigations in post-traumatic granulomatous and non granulomatous uveitis. AB - Histopathological and immunological investigations have been performed in 16 cases of post-traumatic granulomatous (10) and non-granulomatous uveitis (6). Most cases of sympathetic ophthalmitis showed evidence of cell mediated immunity to uveoretinal antigens, though it was not possible to make a definitive diagnosis on immunological grounds alone. Three patients with post-traumatic non granulomatous uveitis showed a positive immunological response to ocular antigens, and 2 of these later developed clinical evidence of sympathetic ophthalmitis, which suggests that post-traumatic non-granulomatous uveitis in such cases may represent a presympathetic (i.e., incipient) or modified stage of the disease. PMID- 708675 TI - Canaliculitis with isolation of Pityrosporum pachydermatis. AB - A case of canaliculitis with obstruction of the lacrimal canaliculus and accumulation of conglomerates is described. Pityrosporum pachydermatis was cultured from the conglomerates. To the best of our knowledge this organism has not been previously implicated in such infections. Cure was obtained by treatment with nystatin administered topically and as an irrigation of the lacrimal pathways. The possibility that the pathogenesis of the canaliculitis and obstruction of the lacrimal pathways lies in decreased function of the lacrimal pump is discussed. PMID- 708676 TI - Bilateral acute retinal necrosis. AB - In this paper 4 patients are described who had bilateral symmetrical confluent retinal swelling followed by apparent necrosis and sloughing of the retina into the vitreous. The disease was accompanied by signs of uveitis and the clinical appearance suggested inflammation rather than infarction as the pathogenic mechanism. No systemic abnormalities were found by which the aetiology could be identified. PMID- 708677 TI - Macular abnormalities in the reattached retina. AB - Sixty-six patients in whom the macula was detached before surgery were observed for at least 1 year after retinal reattachment. Macular abnormalities were recognised clinically in most patients with severely reduced vision. Failure of retinal receptor regeneration or receptor misalignment may account for visual reduction in a minority of patients but may be less important as a cause of reduced visual acuity than was previously supposed. This study confirms that the visual prognosis is related to the duration of the detachment before surgery, and patients with a macular detachment for 2 months or longer are likely to suffer persistently reduced vision. PMID- 708678 TI - Placoid pigment epitheliopathy and Harada's disease. AB - Twenty-six patients are described who suffered from acute bilateral multifocal pigment epithelial disease. In 7 the pattern of disease was indistinguishable from acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, while in 8 it was indistinguishable from Harada's disease. In a further 9 cases the pigment epithelial disease was associated with serious detachment of the retina simulating Harada's disease but without systemic symptoms; spontaneous resolution occurred within a few days, and there was no recurrence. One additional case had short-lived disease with detachment initially, but this was followed by severe recurrence, and the last patient had serious detachment in 1 eye but not the other. When seen as a whole these patients appeared to represent a continuous spectrum of disease making it difficult to define boundaries between one condition and another. The difficulties in distinguishing diseases according to morphology alone are emphasised. PMID- 708679 TI - Fundus changes in incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome): a case report. AB - A case of incontinentia pigmenti is reported with fundus changes in 1 eye. She had microaneurysms temporal to the macula, with an abnormal branch of inferior temporal vein. There was extensive retinitis proliferans in the upper temporal equatorial region, which showed leakage on fluorescein angiography. PMID- 708680 TI - Television slit-lamp biomicroscopy. AB - The basic requirements for performing television slit-lamp biomicroscopy are outlined, and the methods of demonstrating particular features of ocular anatomy and ocular disease are discussed. The technique has a particular role in teaching in the clinical setting. PMID- 708681 TI - B-scan ultrasonography of the anterior segment of the eye. AB - B-scan ultrasonograms of the anterior segment were performed on selected patients. The difficulties in imaging the anterior segment are discussed and the value of this technique is demonstrated by illustration of B-scans in different pathological conditions. This technique can often provide important information and allow an early and accurate prognosis. PMID- 708682 TI - Cine photography and video recording of anterior segment fluorescein angiography. AB - A description is given of apparatus and technique for carrying out cine photography and video recording of anterior segment fluorescein angiography. We found cine best for single-frame analysis and video tape recording less expensive. PMID- 708683 TI - Penetration of tobramycin sulphate into the human eye. AB - Tobramycin sulphate, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, was injected intramuscularly (80 and 100 mg) and subconjunctivally (10 mg) into patients, and the concentrations of the drug in serum and aqueous humour were determined 1 hour after the injection by an agar wall diffusion plate method. The intramuscular administration of tobramycin produced insignificant and non-inhibitory concentrations in the aqueous humour, while therapeutically effective levels of the antibiotic appeared in the aqueous after subconjunctival administrationof tobramycin (mean: 18.9 microgram/ml). These data suggest that tobramycin sulphate may be of value in the treatment of ocular infections. PMID- 708684 TI - Independent structural domains in the membrane protein bovine rhodopsin. PMID- 708685 TI - Reversible dissociation of the alpha beta dimer of tubulin from bovine brain. AB - The reversible, concentration-dependent dissociation of the alpha beta dimer of bovine brain tubulin (purified by phosphocellulose chromatography) has been demonstrated by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. The dissociation constant is approximately 8 X 10(-7) M at 4.6 degrees C in PM buffer (0.1 M piperazine-N, N' bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), 2 mM ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid, 1 mM MgSO4, 0.1 MM guanosine triphosphate, 2mM dithioerythritol, at pH 6.9). This result was confirmed by observation of an appropriate dependence of the sedimentation coefficient of very dilute (is less than 0.5 mg/mL) tubulin on its concentration. Small zone gel filtration experiments on Bio-Gel P-150 also demonstrated an increase in peak elution volume with decreasing column load concentration. Reversibility of the dissociation was demonstrated directly by sedimentation velocity and gel filtration ion experiments on tubulin reconcentrated from dilute solution by pressure ultrafiltration. Control experiments accompanying the sedimentation equilibrium experiments showed that this tubulin retained, under the conditions of the experiments, both its ability to form microtubules and more than 70% of its initial colchicine-binding activity. PMID- 708686 TI - Identification of the transferrin receptor of the rabbit reticulocyte. AB - Reticulocytes were separated on the basis of density by isopycnic centrifugation in dextran gradients. This parameter was shown to correlate with the degree of maturity of the cells. Lactoperoxidase iodination of cells of different densities followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4) electrophoresis revealed a 190 000 molecular weight protein which was well labeled in early reticulocyte membranes. Efficiency of labeling decreased as the cells increased in density, and high specific activity iodination of mature erythrocytes did not result in the labeling of any species near this molecular weight. Inclusion of rabbit transferrin prior to the iodination procedure resulted in a specific loss of labeling of this 190 000 molecular weight species. When steps were taken to clear endogenous transferrin from the membranes, the labeling of this species was enhanced. These observations are consistent with the concept that transferrin can block the lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination of this membrane protein by specifically associating with it. Coomassie blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining of NaDodSO4 gels of these membranes revealed that a glycoprotein present at this molecular weight is lost during the course of reticulocyte maturation. It is concluded from these studies that a glycoprotein of molecular weight 190 000 constitutes the transferrin receptor in the reticulocyte membrane. PMID- 708687 TI - Circular dichroism studies on Ca2+-dependent protein modulator oxidized with N chlorosuccinimide. AB - The structural features and Ca2+-binding properties of native and N chlorosuccinimide-oxidized modulator protein were compared by circular dichroism. In the presence of Ca2+,the far-UV spectra of native and oxidized modulator protein are virtually indistinguishable, indicating that oxidation of surface methionine residues does not alter the overall conformation of the molecule. In the absence of Ca2+, however, the circular dichroism spectra of native and oxidized modulator are different with calculated helical contents of 40% and 26%, respectively. As judged by circular dichroism titration studies, the native modulator contains both high-(Kd = 1.9 X 10(-7) M) and low-affinity (Kd = 4 X 10( 4) M) Ca2+-binding sites, whereas the modified modulator appears to possess only low-affinity sites (Kd = 3.8 X 10(-4) M). The reduced secondary structure in Ca2+ free oxidized modulator protein may account for the absence of high affinity Ca2+ binding sites. PMID- 708688 TI - Estimation of lateral species separation from phase transitions in nonideal two dimensional lipid mixtures. AB - The two-dimensional statistical mechanical equations necessary to analyze the phase diagram of a nonideal lipid mixture are derived. The Prigogine approximation of the combinatorial term is used in the maximum term of the partition function which contains two parameters that describe the degree of nonideality in the liquid crystal and gel phases. These parameters are used to calculate the mole fraction of like-like and like-unlike lipid interfaces which describe the lateral species separation of like lipids in each phase. Data for several temperatures and compositions of the DMPC/DPPC, DPPC/DSPC, and DMPC/DSPC mixtures are analyzed. PMID- 708689 TI - Active transport of L-glutamate by membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain. AB - Membrane vesicles, isolated after osmotic shock of synaptosomal rat brain fractions, actively accumulate L-glutamate. This process requires the presence of external sodium ions and internal potassium ions and is driven by artifically imposed ion gradients as the sole energy source. Either an Na+ gradient (out is greater than in) or a K+ gradient (in is greater than out) or both can be utilized to concentrate L-glutamate inside the vesicles. Transport is enhanced by valinomycin or by external thiocyanate ions and is about 50% inhibited by the proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. This transport thus appears to be stimulated by a membrane potential (interior negative). The glutamate transporter, the Km of which has been determined to be 3 micrometer, is specific for L-glutamate. The transport process is unaffected by ouabain but is strongly inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate as well as by nigericin, which collapses the energizing ion gradients across this membrane. Unlike the sodium dependent, but potassium independent active accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in these vesicles (Kanner, B.I. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 1207) active L glutamate uptake is not dependent on the presence of small monovalent anions in the external medium. The results provide direct evidence for Na+-coupled electrogenic active L-glutamate transport by rat brain membrane vesicles. The dependence on internal potassium ions is discussed. PMID- 708690 TI - 5'-Terminal processing of ribosomal 28S RNA. PMID- 708691 TI - Purification and characterization of glutamate dehydrogenase from Halobacterium of the Dead Sea. PMID- 708692 TI - Mechanism and kinetics of iron release from ferritin by dihydroflavins and dihydroflavin analogues. AB - Dihydroflavins reductively release iron rapidly and quantitatively from purified horse spleen or horse heart ferritin. The NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase from Beneckea harveyi is used to generate a constant concentration of dihydroflavin permitting a continuous assay for complete iron release. Sepharose-linked dihydroflavins are not competent to release ferritin iron, demonstrating that the dihydroflavin must pass through the channels of the protein shell prior to iron reduction. Several experiments fail to show any specific flavin binding site, though dihydroflavins do display saturation kinetics with very high apparent Km's. The rates of iron release by a number of dihydroflavin analogues show that the electron transfer is significantly rate determining in iron release by dihydroriboflavin, while diffusion of the dihydroflavin through the protein channel is slow in the release of iron by dihydroFMN. The rate of iron release is also dependent on the initial content of iron, having a maximum at 1200 iron atoms per ferritin. PMID- 708693 TI - Mechanism of pigeon liver malic enzyme. Reactivity of class II sulfhydryl groups as a conformational probe for the "half-of-the-sites" reactivity of the enzyme with bromopyruvate. PMID- 708694 TI - Charge shift optical probes of membrane potential. Theory. AB - The chromophores of a series of known and unknown probes of membrane potential are subjected to molecular orbital calculations. These calculations are used to characterize the charge distribution and excitation-induced shift of electron density in the chromophores. This is used to predict or rationalize the magnitude of an electrochromic response to membrane potential. The predictions are consistent with more rigorous calculations on several selected systems as well as with the available experimental data. Emerging from the survey is a variation on previously considered forms of electrochromism involving a simple migration of the charge in an ionic chromophore. The intrinsic amphipathic structures of some of these systems may make them especially well suited for the construction of well oriented, highly responsive probes. A particularly promising charge-shift chromophore is the 4-(p-aminostyryl) pyridinium cation. PMID- 708695 TI - Isolation and identification of 5, 6-epoxyretinoic acid: a biologically active metabolite of retinoic acid. AB - A highly biologically active metabolite of retinoic acid (8III) has been isolated in pure form from intestinal mucosa of vitamin A deficient rats given [3H]retinoic acid. This metabolite has been positively identified as 5, 6 epoxyretinoic acid based on the ultraviolet absorption spectrum and mass spectrum of its methylated derivative. This identification was confirmed by cochromatography of the methylated metabolite and synthetic methyl 5, 6 epoxyretinoate on reverse-phase and straight-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The 5, 6-epoxyretinoic acid is a true in vivo generated metabolite of retinoic acid and not an artifact of the isolation procedure. In addition, 5, 8-oxyretinoic acid previously isolated in this laboratory from intestinal mucosa was probably generated from 5, 6-epoxyretinoic acid by the acidic conditions used in the extraction and isolation of the 5, 8-oxyretinoic acid. PMID- 708696 TI - Kinetic studies on electron transfer and interaction between nitrogenase components from Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - Kinetic properties of electron transfer by nitrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii are dependent on the concentration of the two components of nitrogenase. An excess of the MoFe protein inhibits electron transfer in a distinctive manner, and the inhibition is reversed by increasing levels of reductant. The saturation curve for Fe protein is hyperbolic, indicating that only one Fe protein molecule per MoFe protein is required for full activity in ATP hydrolysis and electron transfer. These results can be interpreted on the basis of a complex between the Fe protein and the MoFe protein that dissociates rapidly during turnover. Both 2:1 and 1:1 complexes (Fe-MoFe) are active. Dithionite appears to be a relatively poor reductant for nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii, whereas azotobacter flavodoxin is much better. In the presence of the flavodoxin it is possible to increase the specific activity of the Fe protein more than 50% relative to its activity with dithionite alone as a reductant; specific activities greater than 3000 nmol of C2H4 formed min(-1) (mg of Fe protein)(-1) have been observed. PMID- 708697 TI - Rapid, single-step purification of restriction endonucleases on cibacron blue F3GA-agarose. AB - After sonication and high-speed centrifugation, crude extracts of B. amyloliquefaciens, P. alcalifaciens, X. holicola, and B. globiggi were adsorbed on the dye Cibacron blue F3GA convalently cross-linked to agarose. The restriction endonucleases BamHI, PalI, XhoI, and BglI together with BglII were isolated by elution of the dye column with linear gradients to 0.5 M NaCl. The enzymes so purified were free of contaminating nucleic acids and other nucleases and were sufficiently concentrated for direct, specific DNA hydrolysis. PMID- 708698 TI - Postproline cleaving enzyme: kinetic studies of size and stereospecificity of its active site. AB - Postproline cleaving enzyme [EC 3.4.21.-] has recently been purified from lamb kidney and tentatively identified as a serine endopeptidase with a high specificity for proline-containing peptides. The interaction of postproline cleaving enzyme with peptide substrates and competitive inhibitors has been studied in an effort to explore the size and stereospecificity of the active site of the protease. The substrates and inhibitors included proline-containing peptide amides, p-nitrophenyl esters, and free acids with increasing numbers of amino acid residues and residues of L and D configuration. Oligopeptides of alanine, which can also be recognized by the protease, were also tested as substrates. This series included Ala3, Ala-D-Ala-Ala, Ala-Ala-D-Ala,Z-(Ala)3, Ala4 through Ala6. The contribution of each of the three amino acid residues flanking the primary specificity site (S1) of postproline enzyme to such kinetic parameters as Km, Kcat, and Kcat/Km in the case of substrates and Ki with inhibitors was determined. The results suggest that postproline cleaving enzyme has an extended substrate binding region in addition to the primary specificity site, S1. It seems to be comprised of three sites located at the amino-terminal site (S1, S2, and S3) and two sites at the carboxyl site from the catalytic point (S1', S2'). High stereospecificity was observed for subsites S1, S2, and S1'. PMID- 708699 TI - Affinity labeling of histamine N-methyltransferase by 2',3'-dialdehyde derivatives of S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine. Kinetics of inactivation. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (L-AdoHcy), and related ribonucleosides have been oxidized with periodic acid to the corresponding 2',3'-dialdehydes. Both AdoMet dialdehyde and L-AdoHcy dialdehyde were observed to rapidly and irreversibly inactivate histamine N methyltransferase (HMT). Equally active as an irreversible inhibitor was S adenosyl-D-homocysteine dialdehyde (D-AdoHcy dialdehyde), which is consistent with the known affinity of HMT for S-adenosyl-D-homocysteine (D-AdoHcy). Other analogues of AdoHcy dialdehyde (S-adenosyl-L-cysteine dialdehyde, S-adenosyl-L homocysteine sulfoxide dialdehyde, and adenosine dialdehyde) also produced irreversible inactivation of HMT, but at predictably slower rates. The corresponding acyclic 2',3'-ribonucleosides, which were obtained by NaBH4 reduction of the ribonucleosides dialdehydes, were found to be very weak, reversible inhibitors of HMT. Kinetic analysis of the inactivation of HMT produced by L-AdoHcy dialdehyde, AdoMet dialdehyde, and D-AdoHcy dialdehyde suggested mechanisms involving the formation of dissociable enzyme-inhibitor complexes prior to irreversible inactivation. Studies using L-[2,8-3H] AdoHcy dialdehyde revealed that incorporation of radioactivity into HMT closely paralleled the loss of enzyme activity. The results of these studies indicate that L-AdoHcy dialdehyde, D-AdoHcy dialdehyde, and AdoMet dialdehyde are affinity labeling reagents for HMT. PMID- 708700 TI - Conformational changes and local events at the AMP site of glycogen phosphorylase b: a fluorescence temperature-jump relaxation study. PMID- 708701 TI - Hydrodynamic properties of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, a lipid requiring enzyme. PMID- 708702 TI - Topology of amino phospholipids in bovine retinal rod outer segment disk membranes. PMID- 708703 TI - Characteristics and polyadenylate content of the actin messenger RNA of mouse sarcoma-180 ascites cells. PMID- 708704 TI - Size distribution of polyadenylated adenovirus 2 RNA synthesized in isolated nuclei. PMID- 708705 TI - Interferon induction and its dependence on the primary and secondary structure of poly(inosinic acid).poly(cytidylic acid). AB - The synthetic interferon (IF) inducer rIn.rCn was modified by substituting the ribosyl residues with either their corresponding deoxy(dC or dI) or 2'-O-methyl analogues (mC or mI). The polynucleotide duplexes of these analogues are inactive as IF inducers. Circular dichroism (CD) studies revealed that, while the deoxy substitution produces significant changes in the conformation of rIn.rCn, the 2' O-methyl substitution produces no detectable change. Biological competition experiments indicated that the methylated duplexes mIn.rCn, rIn.mCn, and mIn.mCn all compete with rIn.rCn for IF induction, while the deoxy duplexes dIn.rCn and rIn.dCn do not. These results are consistent with those predicted from the CD data. Copolymer duplexes (mI,rI)n.(mC,rC)n of varying degrees of methylation and residue clustering were also evaluated for IF induction in human fibroblasts. The IF-inducing capabilities of these duplexes correlated highly with the presence of clusters containing six or more consecutive ribosyl residues. These combined observations suggest that interaction of rIn.rCn with the cell in the induction process may occur in a biphasic manner involving first the topological recognition of a large segment of the RNA to allow for proper binding to the putative cellular receptor, followed by recognition of a much smaller region of the RNA corresponding to 6--12 consecutive ribosyl residues (0.5 to 1 helical turn) which is responsible for the triggering of the induction process. PMID- 708706 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the interaction of a 13C-labeled quinacrine derivative with DNA. PMID- 708707 TI - Comparison of DNA polymerase alpha and delta from bone marrow. AB - DNA polymerases alpha and delta from rabbit bone marrow were purified to specific activities greater than 30 000 nM TMP incorporated (mg of protein)(-1)h(-1). alpha is quantitatively predominant. alpha and delta have the same reaction requirements and are both similarly sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide. The primary functional distinction is the association of 3' to 5' exonuclease activity with delta. Sedimentation coefficients obtained from zone sedimentation in glycerol gradients and Stokes radii values from gel filtration allow the calculation of true molecular weight and frictional ratios. alpha exhibits a bimodal pattern, sedimenting at 6 and 8 S on glycerol gradients and demonstrating components corresponding to 40.5- and 65-A Stokes radii upon gel filtration. The calculated molecular weights of the two forms of alpha are 100 000 and 215 000; the frictional ratios are 1.34 and 1.65. This and other data suggest a possible monomer-dimer relation. In contrast, delta sediments uniformly at 6.5 S and also behaves uniformly upon gel filtration at 4595 A. The molecular weight of delta is distinct at 122 000; its frictional ratio is 1.39. Because of similarities of the DNA polymerizing activities of both forms of alpha and of delta, it is postulated that alpha is derived from delta by structural modification, resulting in a decrease in molecular weight, the tendency to aggregate as dimers, and a concomitant loss of 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. PMID- 708708 TI - Binding of hedamycin to deoxyribonucleic acid and chromatin of testis and liver. AB - The binding of the antibiotic hedamycin to DNA was evaluated by density gradient centrifugation in CsCl to determine the type I binding, which is essentially irreversible at high and low ionic strength. Exhaustive dialysis at low ionic strength was used to determine the sum of type I and type II binding (irreversible at low ionic strength but reversible at high ionic strength). The maximum ratio of hedamycin to DNA nucleotides (rf) is 0.1 for type I and 0.1 for type II binding to free DNA, but these ratios decrease to 0.07--0.08 in chromatin of rat liver and a testis fraction (spermatogonia plus primary spermatocytes). The rf for type I binding of hedamycin to monomeric nucleosomes of this testis fraction is considerably less than maximum binding to polymeric nucleosomes or chromatin, suggesting that hedamycin binds more effectively to "linker" DNA than to DNA attached to the core of the nucleosomes. Hedamycin binding to the chromatin of the spermatid fraction of testis is greatly decreased in comparison with chromatin of early stages; this correlates with the change from nucleohistones to nucleoprotamines at the middle to late spermatid stages of spermiogenesis. PMID- 708709 TI - Interaction of calcium and manganese ions with apoconcanavalin A and sugar binding. AB - The interaction of apoconcanavalin A (apo-Con A) with Mn2+ and Ca2+ was studied at 25 degrees C using fluorescence stopped flow. The reaction was monitored using 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside whose fluorescence is quenched on binding to the metalloproteins. At pH 5.0 entry of Mn2+ into apo is second-order (rate constant = 1.2 x 103 M(-1) s(-1)); at higher pH the rate constant is greater than 104 M(-1) s(-1). Reaction of excess Ca2+ with Mn(Con A) is pseudo first-order with kobsd = Kk[Ca2+](1 + K[Ca2+])(-1). This is interpreted as rapid formation of unlocked MnCa(Con A), with a formation constant K = 3.5 x 102 M(-1), which transforms (k = 0.026 s(-1)) to a locked form, indistinguishable from native. At pH 6.4 and 7.2, K greater than or equal to 103 M(-1) and k = 0.043 and 0.050 s(-1), respectively. Ca(Con A) and Mn(Con A) precipitate glycogen and bind to 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside as effectively as native protein at pH 7.2. Treatment of the Ca or Mn forms with EDTA produces an apo form with a small binding capacity, which it loses slowly. PMID- 708710 TI - Conformation as the determinant of saccharide binding in concanavalin A: Ca2+ concanavalin A complexes. AB - The existence of two conformational states of concanavalin A (Con A) with different metal ion binding properties has been recently demonstrated (Brown, R. D., Brewer, C. F., & Koenig, S. H. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 3883). Introduction of Mn2+ to the S1 site and Ca2+ to the S2 site of apo-Con A was shown to induce a conformational change in the protein, ascribed to a cis-trans isomerization of a peptide bond in the secondary structure, which results in extremely tight binding of the metal ions. This induced conformation is referred to as "locked" and the initial conformation as "unlocked". The locked ternary complex is identical with the native protein. In the present paper, we report evidence for the formation of a relatively stable, locked, ternary Ca2+-Con A complex that possesses properties similar to those of native Ca2+-Mn2+Con A. The experimental technique involves measurement of the magnetic field and time dependence of the nuclear magnetic relaxation rate (1/T1) of solvent water protons in solutions of Ca2+-Con A, after the addition of Mn2+ ion which slowly bind to the protein. The kinetic data can be fit by a model for Ca2+ interactions with Con A which indicates that Ca2+, in the absence of Mn2+, can bind at both the S1 and S2 sites of the protein and, furthermore, can induce the protein to undergo the unlocked to locked conformational transition. In terms of this model, the time-dependent binding of the Mn2+ ions is due to replacement of Ca2+ ions at the S1 sites in the locked protein. The off-rate of Ca2+ from the S2 site of the locked ternary Ca2+-Con A complex is much greater than that from the locked Ca2+-Mn2+-Con A complex. From the effects of added alpha-methyl D-mannopyranoside on the rate of replacement of Ca2+ by Mn2+ at the S1 site of the locked ternary Ca2+-Con A complex, it is concluded that the latter complex binds saccharides as strongly as the locked Ca2+-Mn2+-Con A complex. In addition, analysis of the data indicates that apo-Con A in the locked conformation binds alpha -methyl D-mannopyranoside with approximately 7% of the affinity of the fully metallized locked form of the protein. This strong saccharide-binding activity of locked apo-Con A, compared with that of the unlocked apo-Con A, was further demonstrated by equilibration of unlocked apo-Con A with alpha-methyl D-mannopyranoside, which resulted in the formation of the locked apo-Con A-saccharide complex. These results demonstrate that it is the locked conformation of Con A that is primarily responsible for saccharide-binding activity, and that the function of the bound metals is primarily to maintain the protein in the locked conformation. PMID- 708711 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of colchicine binding to tubulin: evidence for ligand induced conformational change. PMID- 708712 TI - Selective methyl esterification of erythrocyte membrane proteins by protein methylase II. AB - Methyl esterification of erythrocyte membrane proteins have been demonstrated by incubating the isolated membrane with purified protein methylase II (S-adenosyl methionine:protein-carboxyl O-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.24) and S-adenosyl-L [methyl-14C]methionine. Methyl esterification of membrane-bound proteins occurred selectively to proteins corresponding to bands 3 (mol wt 97 000), 4 (mol wt 75 000), and 4.5 (mol wt 48 000) [designated according to Steck, T. L. (1974), J. Cell Biol. 62, 1] as identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mild alkali treated depleted vesicles which lacked bands 1, 2, 5, and 6 had a higher methyl accepting capacity; 500 pmol of methyl groups/mg of depleted vesicle proteins vs. 200 pmol of methyl groups/mg of intact membrane proteins. Alkali-extractable membrane components were not methylated. PMID- 708713 TI - Conformational preferences of amino acids in globular proteins. AB - In a previous paper [Levitt, M., and Greer, J. (1977), J. Mol. Biol. 114, 181- 239], an objective compilation of the secondary-structure regions in more than 50 different globular proteins was produced automatically. In the present paper, these assignments of secondary structure are analyzed to give the frequency of occurrence of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids in alpha helix, beta sheet, and reverse-turn secondary structure. Nineteen of these amino acids have a weak but statistically signficant preference for only on type of secondary structure. These preferences correlate well with the chemical structure of the particular amino acids giving a more objective classification of the conformational properties of amino acids than available before. PMID- 708714 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on bacterial dihydrofolate reductase containing [guanidino-13C]arginine. PMID- 708716 TI - An IgG2a-producing variant of an IgG2b-producing mouse myeloma cell line. Structural studies on the Fc region of parent and variant heavy chains. AB - The IgG2b-producing MPC 11 mouse myeloma cell line has yielded a number of variants which synthesize heavy chains characteristic of a different immunoglobulin subclass, IgG2a, as previously shown by serology, peptide maps, and assembly profiles. We have studied the Fc regions of the IgG2a protein synthesized by one variant, ICR 9.9.2.1, and of the IgG2b protein synthesized by MPC 11 and compared them to MOPC 173, an IgG2a protein of known sequence. We analyzed the Fc regions of the three immunoglobulins by several analytical techniques, such as immunoelectrophoresis of papain digests, NaDodSo4 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses of Fc CNBr fragments, and comparative ion-exchange chromatography of radiolabeled tryptic and chymotryptic Fc peptides. In addition, Fc CNBr fragments of the variant gamma2a and MPC 11 gamma2b molecules were isolated and subjected to amino acid analysis and partial sequence determination. From these data, we concluded that the Fc fragment of ICR 9.9.2.1 is most probably identical to that of MOPC 173 and different from the parental gamma2b Fc fragment. A number of residue positions which discriminate between gamma2b and gamma2a sequences are described. In two of three segments sequenced, gamma2b and gamma2a molecules share more identical residues than either shares with another mouse subclass, gamma1. PMID- 708715 TI - 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance studies to the binding of isocyanides to various hemoglobins and myoglobins. AB - Interactions between ethyl and isopropyl isocyanides and various hemoglobins and myoglobins have been studied by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The results indicate that the chemical shift of the bound isocyanide depends on the structure of the hemoglobin subunit or myoglobin. The resonances exhibited by isocyanides bound to myoglobin are sensitive to pH in contrast to the situation with rabbit and human hemoglobins. beta subunits of opossum, rabbit, and human hemoglobins show a significantly greater preferential affinity for CO relative to EIC than do alpha subunits which have allowed the assignment of resonances. Rabbit, human, and opossum hemoglobin subunits bind ethyl isocyanide without observable preferences and an excess of DPG does not appear to affect this random order of ligation. In contrast, an excess of IHP seems to cause preferential ligation of the alpha subunits in these hemoglobins. The results have been used to gain insights into the differing characteristics of the ligand binding pockets of these various hemoglobins. PMID- 708717 TI - Selective fluorescence quenching of benzo[a]pyrene and a mutagenic diol expoxide derivative in mouse cells. PMID- 708718 TI - Mobile and immobile proteins of synaptosomal plasma membrane. PMID- 708719 TI - Glutamate metabolism in relation to glutamate transport in kidney cortex mitochondria of rabbit. AB - 1. The metabolism of glutamate was followed by measurements of phosphoenolpyruvate production, aspartate synthesis and ammonia release, whereas the transport of glutamate across the inner membrane of kidney cortex mitochondria was studied using an oxygen electrode and the swelling technique. 2. When added separately, avenaciolide and aminooxyacetate only partially inhibited both State 3 and uncoupled respiration of the mitochondria, as studied in the presence of glutamate as substrate. In contrast, the addition of both inhibitors to the reaction medium resulted in an almost complete inhibition of glutamate oxidation. 3. Swelling of kidney mitochondria in an isosmotic solution of ammonium glutamate was accelerated by uncoupler and inhibited by avenaciolide, while the swelling of mitochondria in potassium glutamate was stimulated by valinomycin and inhibited by uncoupler. 4. When glutamate was used as the sole substrate, inhibition of aspartate formation by aminooxyacetate resulted in a stimulation of both ammonia release and phosphoenolpyruvate production. In contrast, with glutamate plus malate as substrate an elevation of the rate of glutamate deamination on the addition of aminooxyacetate was accompanied by an inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis in both State 3 and uncoupled conditions. 5. In the presence of valinomycin to induce K+-permeability a marked enhancement of glutamate deamination was accompanied by a significant inhibition of glutamate transamination. 6. Based on the presented results it was concluded that in rabbit renal mitochondria utilizing glutamate as substrate the rate of ammonia production, phosphoenolpyruvate formation and aspartate synthesis vary in response to different metabolic conditions, in which both the glutamate--H+ symport and the glutamate--aspartate exchange systems are functioning to different extents. PMID- 708720 TI - Turnover kinetics of photosystem I measured by the electrochromic effect in Chlorella. AB - The rise kinetics of the absorption changes induced at 515 nm and 480 nm by a flash were studied using two types of xenon flashes of different durations. The 'slow' rise of the absorption change (t 1/2 = 15--20 microseconds) observed by Cox and Delosme (1978 C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser. D 282, 775--778) and Joliot was found to be due to double hits occurring in the reaction centers of System I during the flash. The turnover kinetics of the reaction centers of System I after a short flash were studied by a double flash method. They are in agreement with a second order reaction between P+-700 and its electron donor. PMID- 708721 TI - Flash kinetic study of the last steps in the photoinduced reaction cycle of bacteriorhodopsin. AB - The reaction cycle of light adapted bacteriorhodopsin (BR) in aqueous purple membrane suspensions was studied by laser flash photolysis at different temperatures (2--49 degrees C) and pH values (3--10). The activation energy for several reaction steps was determined at pH 7.6. The kinetics of O bacteriorhodopsin (one of the last intermediates in the cycle) were analyzed in some detail and it was found that the simple consecutive reaction scheme M-BR leads to O-BR leads to BR may explain the kinetics of O-bacteriorhodopsin as measured at 680 nm. Since the pH change in neutral aqueous suspensions of purple membrane follows similar kinetics as O-bacteriorhodopsin it is suggested that protons are released during the reaction M-BR leads to O-BR and taken up again during the reacton O-BR leads to BR. Another long-lived intermediate, which absorbs to a greater extent than bacteriorhodopsin at 570 nm and less than bacteriorhodopsin at 420 nm, was identified with the strongly fluorescing species, pseudo- or P-bacteriorhodopsin. The decay of P-bacteriorhodopsin in bacteriohodopsin had an activation energy of only approx. 1.2 kcal/mol, which suggests that the last step of the photocycle is a relaxation around a single bond. At pH 9--10, the simple first-order kinetics of all the intermediates were changed into a kinetics consisting of two first-order decays. This change of kinetics was accompanied by a drastic decrease in the rotational diffusion relaxation time. To explain the results obtained in this work and those of others, a model involving proton uptake and release by the Schiff base nitrogen combined with an isomerization reaction is finally proposed. PMID- 708722 TI - Evidence that the intermediate electron acceptor, A2, in photosystem I is a bound iron-sulfur protein. AB - Absorption changes accompanying the formation of light-induced P-700+ were investigated in a highly enriched Photosystem I preparation where an intermediate electron acceptor preceding P-430 could be detected. In an enriched Photosystem I particle, light-induced reversible absorption changes observed at 700 nm in the presence of dithionite resembled those previously seen at 703 nm and 820 nm [9], thus indicating the presence of a backreaction between P700+ and A-2. After this same Photosystem I particle was treated to denature the bound iron-sulfur centers, the photochemical changes that could be attributed to P-700 in equilibrium A2 were completely lost. These results provide evidence that the intermediate electron acceptor, A2, is a bound iron-sulfur protein. Additional studies in the 400--500 nm region with Photosystem I particles prepared by sonication indicate that the spectrum of A2 is different from that of P-430. PMID- 708723 TI - The multifarious couplings of energy transduction. AB - I have attempted to show in this article that biological coupling is of great complexity resembling that in an electronics circuit with many different forms of feed-back control. Major features of the biological apparatus are (i) the control of diffusion (ii) the structural organisation (iii) the simultaneous use of electronic and electrolytic devices. It is important in the analysis of the coupling to discover the regions of space which can equilibrate. I have put the argument for localised reactions. Chemiosmosis, which is not so very different from these schemes, demands more general equilibration. The great uncertainties lie in the energy distribution in the system and the mechanics of ATP formation. Other couplings may be understood more easily e.g. electron/electron, proton/proton, proton/electron, proton/cation, proton/anion. PMID- 708724 TI - Water binding and phase structures for different Acholeplasma laidlawii membrane lipids studied by deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray diffraction. AB - Water binding capability and phase structures for different lipid species extracted from Acholeplasma laidlawii A membranes have been studied using deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance and low-angle X-ray diffraction. The dominating membrane lipids are monoglucosyldiglyceride and diglucosyldiglyceride and each of them takes up limited amounts of water (bound plus trapped), i.e., up to 13% (w/w), whereas the phospholipids and phosphoglycolipids have larger hydration capacities. Addition of magnesium and calcium ions, but not sodium ions, to the diglucosyldiglyceride increases the hydration capability. This increase is accompanied by the formation of a metastable liquid crystalline phase and a hysteresis effect for the transition temperature. Large differences in water deuteron quadrupole splitting were observed between mono- and diglucosyldiglyceride. Both 2H nuclear magnetic resonance and low-angle X-ray diffraction studies on lipids containing biosynthetically incorporated omega-d3 palmitic acid clearly indicate the existence of a reverse hexagonal phase structure for the monoglucosyldiglyceride and lamellar structures for the diglucosyldiglyceride and the other membrane lipids. The low hydration capability of the large diglucosyldiglyceride polar head is discussed in terms of polar head configuration. Both mono- and diglucosyldiglyceride have several physical properties similar to those of phosphatidylethanolamine. PMID- 708725 TI - A differential interaction of daunomycin, adriamycin and their derivatives with human erythrocytes and phospholipid bilayers. AB - Drug-membrane association of daunomycin, adriamycin and three of its derivatives, adriamycin-14-octanoate (AD-14-OCTA), adriamycin-14-acetate (AD-14-ACE) and N trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD32), was studied using phospholipid bilayers and human erythrocytes. The various drugs exhibited a differential affinity to membrane-lipid domains. Lipid-incorporated drugs exhibit a marked change in the shape of the emission spectrum which was utilized for the evaluation of the apparent dielectric constant, epsilon, of the environment surrounding the anthracycline moiety, as well as for the determination ofthe partitioning constant. By measuring the fluorescence polarization and the fluorescence lifetime of the incorporated drugs, rotational relaxation times of 4 -8 ns were derived. These parameters provide a supportive evidence of the association of the fluorophore of the drugs with membrane-lipid domains. The anthracycline derivatives interact to a different degree with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine as reflected by changes in their thermotropic properties assessed by differential scanning calorimetry. Daunomycin was the most effective in decreasing the temperature of the phase transition and brought about a comparable reduction in the enthalpy of melting as AD32 and AD-14 OCTA. Adariamycin was the least potent of the series. AD-14-ACE and AD32 protected erythrocytes against hypotonic lysis, adriamycin and daunomycin had no significant effect on the susceptibility to hypotonic lysis, whereas AD-14-OCTA proved to be hemolytic even at low concentration (approx. 10(-7M). PMID- 708726 TI - Shape and stability changes in human erythrocyte membranes induced by metal cations. AB - Asymmetric human erythrocyte ghost membranes behave as bilayer couple and exhibit a radius of curvature preference depending on the state of expansion or contraction of each side of the bilayer. The inside-out preference in the absence of added metal cations is gradually reduced as the K+ concentration is raised to 200 mM until a slight right-side-out preference may be exhibited Divalent cations (denoted 72+; Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+) induce inside-out curvature at very low concentrations, right-side-out curvature at intermediate concentrations, and inside-out curvature again at high ones. This "triphasic" response is attributed to changes in the packing of acidic phospholipid (PL-) pairs in the A-face as a function of M2+ : PL- binding stoichiometry: 0 : 1 (PL- electrostatic repulsion and A-face expansion), 1 : 2 (PL2M crossbridging an contraction), and 1 : 1 (PLM+ repulsion and expansion). Generally increasing parent vesicle size is associated with higher cation concentrations. This is distinguished from the internal and external membrane blebbing preferred at different concentrations in accord with sidedness preference. Parent vesicle size was interpreted to be most closely associated with cation stabilisation (resistance to fragmentation) of the membrane, while sidedness and size (radius of curvature) of blebs were most closely correlated with packing of lipid molecules in the bilayer. PMID- 708727 TI - Acetylcholinesterase: a probe for the study of antiarrhythmic drug-membrane interactions. AB - Structural consequences of antiarrhythmic drug interaction with erythrocyte membranes were analyzed in terms of resulting changes in the activity of membrane associated acetylcholinesterase. When enzyme inhibitory effects of drugs were compared at concentrations producing an equivalent degree of erythrocyte antihemolysis, a number of distinct groupings emerged, indicating that the molecular consequences of drug-membrane interaction are not identical for all agents examined. Differences in drug-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition in intact erythrocytes, erythrocyte membranes and a brain synaptic membrane preparation emphaized the role of membrane structural organization in determining the functional consequences of antiarrhythmic interaction in any given system. While the inhibitory actions of lidocaine, D-600 and bretylium in intact red cells were not altered by an increased transmembrane chloride gradient, enhanced enzyme inhibition by quinidine and propranolol was observed under these conditions. The diverse perturbational actions of these membrane-stabilizing antiarrhythmics observed here may be indicative of a corresponding degree of complexity in the mechanisms whereby substances modify the potential-dependent properties of excitable tissues. PMID- 708728 TI - Free-calcium and tension responses in single barnacle muscle fibres following the application of L-glutamate. AB - The effect of the putative transmitter, L-glutamate, on free intracellular Ca2+, tension and membrane potential in single muscle fibres from the barnacle Balanus nubilus has been investigated. External application of L-glutamate (0.1--10 mM) resulted in a transient increase in free intracellular Ca2+, monitored by the Ca2+-activated protein aequorin. This increase in free intracellular Ca2+ was associated with membrane depolarization and force development, and was followed by a period of 'desensitization' in which the preparation was unresponsive to L glutamate. This could be reversed by removing L-glutamate from the external saline. External application of a number of closely related compounds, including D-glutamate and L-aspartate, were ineffective for initiating the transient light response. The L-glutamate response was virtually abolished in Na-free (Li) medium and completely abolished in Ca-free (Na) medium. The responses to L-glutamate were not reduced in Mg-free medium. The fibre's response to 1mM L-glutamate was also inhibited by D-600 (10 micrometer) or by La3+ (1mM), suggesting that Ca was directly involved in the underlying ionic conductance changes brought about by this putative excitatory transmitter. PMID- 708729 TI - Effect of magnesium on calcium efflux in dialyzed squid axon. AB - The Ca efflux mechanism located in the axolemma of the tropical squid Doritheutis plei is shown to be affected by the concentration of intracellular Mg (Mgi). The removal of all of the Mg from the experimental preparation causes an increase in Ca efflux. This effect seems to be more pronounced at low levels of internal ionized calcium and high levels of internal Na. PMID- 708731 TI - Sequential preparation of rat liver microsomal and Golgi membranes. AB - A new procedure for the preparation of microsomes, microsomal subfractions and Golgi membranes from the same piece of rat liver has been developed. The smallest amount of liver with which the preparation can be performed is about 1 g (wet weight). 35% of the total activity of marker enzymes for the endoplasmic reticulum was recovered in the microsomal fraction. This recovery is approximately the same as that obtained in our laboratories using other procedures. Golgi membranes, mitochondria, lysosomes and plasma membranes represent less than 13% of the microsomal protein as calculated on the basis of marker enzymes. Golgi membranes must be prepared in two steps to achieve a reasonable recovery and thus a representative sample containing both very low density lipoprotein-rich Golgi vesicles and the heavier cisternal elements. The recovery of UDP-galactosyltransferase activity in the Golgi fraction from the livers of alcohol-treated animals is around 30% of the total activity in the total particulate fraction. PMID- 708730 TI - A new assay system of phospholipid exchange activities using concanavalin A in the separation of donor and acceptor liposomes. AB - A new assay system of phospholipid exchange activities is described. The exchange activities were quantitated by measuring the stimulation of phospholipid transfer between two separate populations of liposomes, which contained, as the major constituents, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol in molar ratios of 6 :2 : 1: 1: 5. One population of the liposomes was made reactive to concanavalin A by the incorporation of 1.8 mol% alpha-D-mannosyl-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-mannosyl-sn-1, 2-diglyceride from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. The concanavalin A-reactive liposomes, a phospholipid donor, were doubly labelled with [6-3H] galactosylglucosyl ceramide and that class of 32P-labelled phospholipids whose exchange was being measured. The 3H-labelled glycolipid served as a non exchangeable reference marker. The other population of the liposomes, a phospholipid acceptor, was concanavalin A nonreactive. These two populations of liposomes were incubated with the cytosol protein of rat liver in a total volume of 0.2 ml. After the incubation, two different procedures were used to separate the two liposomal populations. In one procedure concanavalin A was added to agglutinate the reactive liposomes; the flocculated lectin . liposome complex was separated from the non-reactive liposomes by brief centrifugation. In the other procedure the reactive liposomes were trapped by binding to concanavalin A covalently coupled to Sepharose 2B; the complex was separated from the non reactive liposomes by filtration through a filter paper under suction. In both assay procedures the amount of phospholipid transferred from the donor to the acceptor liposomes was calculated from the decrease of 32P/3H ratio of the concanavalin A-reactive liposomes during the incubation. By the assasy system it is possible to determine phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol exchange activities in 100 micrograms of rat liver cytosol protein. PMID- 708732 TI - Carnitine-induced uptake of L-cartinine into cells from an established cell line from human heart (CCL 27). AB - L-Carnitine is actively transported into Girardi human heart cells, an established cell line from human heart. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different concentrations of L-Carnitine in the growth medium on the rate of uptake of L-[3H] carnitine. Increasing the concentration of L-Carnitine from 2 to 100 mumol/l in the growth medium of cells, increased the rate of uptake of L-[3H] carnitine by about 50%. The maximal effect was reached after approx. 72 h incubation. The increase in rate seemed to be caused by synthesis of increased number of carriers, as judged by the increase of V with unchanged apparent Km for the transport process. This effect of L-carnitine could be inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating the dependence on intact protein synthesis. The morphology of the cells was studied by electron microscopy. No myofilaments were found, thus the cells are dedifferentiated and no longer typical muscular cells. PMID- 708733 TI - Calorimetric studies of the structural transitions of the human erythrocyte membrane. Studies of the B and C transitions. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study several structural transitions of the human erythrocyte membrane. Earlier studies have shown that one of these transitions (the A transition) is due to the thermal unfolding of spectrin on the membrane. In this paper, it is shown that two of the other transitions (B and C) exhibit a high sensitivity to a local anesthetic, benzyl alcohol. Increasing the ionic strength of the suspending medium results in a splitting of the B transition into two indepent transitions (B1 and B2). It is found that one of these (B2) is associated with titrating groups, since the midpoint for the transitions shifts by about 20 degrees C, with an apparent pK near 7.5 Extensive bilateral proteolysis by papain causes a drastic decrease in the size of all transitions except the C transition, which remains unaltered. On the other hand, treatment with phospholipase by A2 largely affects the C transition, causing its disappearance. Because of the lack of sensitivity to proteolysis and the high sensitivity to phospholipase, it appears that the C transition has a large extent of 'lipid involvement'. It might result from the melting of a small fraction of phospholipid which exists in a crystalline state under physiological conditions. Alternatively, the C transition could arise from changes in protein-lipid interactions or from lipid-dependent changes in protein protein interactions, providing one assumes that only protease-resistant portions of membrane proteins are participating. PMID- 708734 TI - The effects of anion transport inhibitors on structural transitions in erythrocyte membranes. AB - Red blood cell membranes have been labeled with several covalent and noncovalent inhibitors of anion transport and their heat capacity profiles determined as a function of temperature. Covalent inhibitors include the amino reactive agents 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, 4-acetamido-4' isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, pyridoxal phosphate and 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitro benzene. The non-covalent inhibitors include several well known local anesthetics. The study was underataken in order to identify regions of the membrane involved in anion transport. Covalent modification in all case resulted in a large upward shift of the C transition, which is beleived to involve a localized phospholipid region. Evidence is presented which indicates that Band III protein and this phospholipid region are in close physical proximity on the membrane. Addition of non-covalent inhibitors affects the membrane in either or both of two ways. In some cases, a lowering and broadening of the C transition occurs; in others the B1 and B2 transitions are altered. These latter transitions are beleived to involve both phospholipid and protein, including Band III. These results may indicate that the non-covalent inhibitors produce their inhibitory effect on anion transport at least in part by interacting with membrane phospholipid. PMID- 708735 TI - Cellular uptake of lithium via amino acid transport system A. AB - We now add to the agencies by which cells take up lithium the process of cotransport with neutral amino acids via System A. In the Ehrlich cell various natural and synthetic amino acids, depending on their structure, can cause substantial accelerations of Li+ uptake over a considerable range of levels of Na+, Li+ and H+. Half the maximal augmentation of uptake, namely 1.2 mequiv. Li/kg cell water per 15 min, was obtained for 5.4 mM alanine in a double reciprocal plot. Alanine also stimulated the exodus of Li+ from the Ehrlich cell. The human red blood cell, lacking System A as it does, becomes an imperfect model for studying cellular uptake of Li+. Until the Li+ dependence of amino acid uptake in the reticulocyte is known, reticulocytosis can be suspected of contributing to the interpersonal variations seen in Li+-for-Na+ exchange. PMID- 708736 TI - Accumulation of small fragments of DNA in isolated HeLa cell nuclei due to transient incorporation of dUMP. AB - [3H]dUMP was incorporated into DNA of isolated S-phase HeLa S3 cell nuclei during DNA synthesis. The incorporated radioactivity was made acid soluble during a chase with excess TTP. A partially purified DNA polymerase alpha incorporated [3H]dUMP into activated salmon sperm DNA. The incorporation rate was equal to the incorporation of [3H]TMP, and the radioactivity incorporated was not made acid soluble during a chase. The nuclei thus have the ability to remove misincorporated uracil. From cytosol we have partially purified an enzyme (80 times purification) that splits the N-glycosidic bond between uracil and deoxyribose in dUMP-containing DNA. This uracil-N-glycosidase has a molecular weight of about 50 000. It does not accept dUTP or RNA as substrates. Pulse labelling of isolated nuclei with radioactive deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in the presence of dUTP lead to a large accumulation of label in small DNA fragments. The size of these fragments was about 80 nucleotides in a 60 s pulse and no increase in size was observed with increasing pulse length. The corresponding value for control experiments with no dUTP, was 200 nucleotides and the fragments increased in size with increasing pulse length. About 90% of the radioactivity was found in the small fragments after a 3 min pulse when the concentration of dUTP in the test mixture was 100 micrometer and no exogenous TTP was present. In control experiments with no dUTP present, only 14% of the radioactivity was found in small DNA pieces. When test mixture containing dUTP was preincubated with cytosol for 60 s before adding the isolated nuclei, the small fragments increased in size to that of DNA fragments found in control incubations; also the relative amount of label bound to the fragments returned to the levels found in the controls. Increasing the TTP concentration from 5 micrometer to 1.88 mM in the absence of exogenous dUTP had no effect on the size of the DNA fragments. PMID- 708737 TI - In vitro HeLa cell DNA synthesis. II. Partial characterization of soluble factors stimulating nuclear dna synthesis. AB - When HeLa cells are lysed in hypotonic buffer and the lysate is fractionated by centrifugation into particulate and soluble components, the particulate component (nuclei) is deficient compared to unfractionated lysate in the extent to which it can carry out in vitro DNA synthesis. In addition, rapidly labeled short DNA chains (Okazaki pieces) accumulate in purified nuclei, and are chased into higher molecular weight DNA to a lesser degree than in unfractinated lysate. When purified nuclei were reconstituted with soluble component, the capacity of the nuclei for in vitro DNA synthesis was fully restored, as was the capacity of the nuclei for conversion of Okazaki pieces to higher molecular weight DNA. This suggests that the soluble component contains a factor or factors necessary for normal DNA replication. The major incorporation-stimulating activity was partially characterized and partially purified from the soluble component. It is heat labile, non-dialyzable, partially recoverable in the supernatant after pH 5 precipitation, found mainly in a 55--85% saturated (NH4)2SO4 fraction, and is included on Sephadex G-100. After passage through Sephadex G-100, the activity displays increased instability to storage at either 4 degrees C or --70 degrees C. Part of the activity does not bind to phosphocellulose at pH 7.2 and low salt; no additional activity can be recovered in a 0.5 M KC1 wash of the phosphocellulose column. The Okazaki-piece-joining activity was found, along with the bulk of the incorporation-stimulating activity, in the 55--85% (NH4)2SO4 fraction. These findings provide some of the groundwork for future attempts to completely purify and characterize those activities in the soluble component of cell lysates which are involved in DNA replication. PMID- 708738 TI - Cellular polyamine depletion reduces DNA synthesis in isolated lymphocyte nuclei. AB - The accumulation of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in activated bovine lymphocytes was blocked by the combined action of two inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) and alpha methylornithine. Lymphocytes were cultured under three conditions: (1) alpha methylornithine alone, (2) MGBG alone, or (3) alpha-methylornithine plus MGBG. DNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from these cells was reduced from control rates by approx. 10, 55 and 75%, respectively. In each case, the degree of inhibition was similar to that observed with the intact cells. Stimulation of nuclear DNA synthesis with the postnuclear supernatant fraction was not affected by polyamine depletion of the cells. Several experiments indicate that the reduced rate of in vitro DNA synthesis was caused by the lack of polyamines and not by alternate effects of the drugs. No inhibition was observed (1) when spermidine was added to inhibited cultures 12 h before harvest and nuclear isolation, (2) when the drugs were added after polyamines had accumulated, and (3) when the drugs were added directly to the in vitro assay. In addition, the degree of inhibition of in vitro DNA synthesis correlated with the degree of polyamine deficiency. These in vitro studies confirm the results obtained with whole cells and support the hypothesis that DNA synthesis is one cellular site of action of the naturally occurring polyamines. PMID- 708739 TI - Purification and properties of DNA polymerase-beta from guinea pig liver. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase-beta (EC 2.7.7.7) has been purified over 100 000 fold from a whole cell extract of guinea pig liver. The enzyme yields a single stainable band when subjected to non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and this band corresponds to the DNA polymerase activity when a sister gel is sliced and assayed. The final fraction has a specific activity of 21 000 units/mg; this value can be increased significantly by addition of various components, including glycols, polyamines or any of several protein factors which can be purified from the crude extract. The DNA polymerase-beta lacks detectable exonuclease or endonuclease activity, has an alkaline pH optimum and has a requirement for all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, a divalent cation and a primer-template for maximal activity. While activated DNA is the preferred primer-template, the enzyme is capable of utilizing native and denatured DNA as well as several synthetic polynucleotides as primer-templates. The latter are especially effective when manganese is the divalent cation. Magnesium, at 10 mM, is the preferred divalent cation when activated DNA is used. Manganese, and to a lesser extent cobalt, can substitute for magnesium while zinc and calcium cannot. The beta-polymerase has a half-life of 10 min at 40 degrees C and this is increased in the presence of either DNA or NaCl. The enzyme is stimulated by glycols, polyamines and NaCal or KCl, and is inhibited by several known inhibitors of DNA polymerase activity including o-phenanthroline, heparin, organic solvents and sulfhydryl blocking agents. Guinea pig liver DNA polymerase beta is remarkably similar to the rat Novikoff hepatoma beta-polymerase with respect to its isoelectric point of 8.4 and its molecular weight of 32 000 as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation under high or low salt conditions or sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This similarity is further extended to the removal, at the final step in purification, of a protein capable of stimulating the homogeneous enzyme. Removal of this protein could explain the lower molecular weight of the guinea pig and other rodent-derived beta-polymerases, when compared to the beta-polymerases from other systems. PMID- 708740 TI - A study of an endogenous nucleolytic reaction and of the action micrococcal nuclease and DNAase I on a salt-soluble, compact form of chromatin. AB - The endogenous nucleolytic reaction occurring in rabbit thymus nuclear lysates has been studied at extended incubation times (up to 4 h). Production of nucleosomal polymers containing multiples of 205 base pairs of DNA was observed. The stability of the bands and the low release (1%) of acid-soluble nucleotides indicated there was only a small fraction of sensitive DNA between the subunits. The salt-soluble chromatin formed in the endogenous reaction at short incubation times (14--24 min) and purified over Sephadex G-200 has been treated with micrococcal nuclease and DNAase I. With micrococcal nuclease, nucleosomal polymers containing multiples of 201 base pairs of DNA were formed. Extensive digestion reaveled a core subunit containing 145 base pairs of DNA. With DNAase I only random degradation was observed and nucleosomal complexes were not produced. PMID- 708741 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II from Acanthamoeba castellanii. Comparison of the catalytic properties and subunit architectures of the trophozoite and cyst enzymes. AB - The actively growing cells (trophozoites) of the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii were found to contain three or perhaps four different forms of class II DNA dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6). The chromatographic and catalytic properties of all forms of the Acanthamoeba class II polymerases suggest them to be cognates of the class II polymerases previously reported. The predominant form was purified to near homogeneity and its subunit composition determined. Nine different polypeptides were found associated with the purified enzyme: 21 000; 185 000; 140 000; 70 000; 35 000; 21 000; 19 000; 18 500 and 16 200. These polypeptides were interpreted in terms of two class II RNA polymerases which differ in the molecular weight of their largest subunit. When A. castellanii is transferred to a medium lacking nutrients, the cells undergo cellular differentiation resulting in the formation of metabolically inactive cells (cyst formation). During this process there are significant changes in the RNA sequences transcribed. In contrast to this, we find that the chromatographic and catalytic properties of all of the class II RNA polymerases remain unchanged. Further, the subunit architecture of the predominant form(s) of polymerase II is unaltered. These findings suggest that although new RNA sequences are transcribed during encystment their appearance is not a consequence of extensive alterations in the subunit composition of the major class II RNA polymerase. PMID- 708742 TI - Evidence for the existence of two forms of RNA polymerases I and II in insect wing epidermis. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases were solubilized from developing wings of the oak silkmoth, Antheraea pernyi, and partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography and sucrose gradient sedimentation. Four enzyme species were resolved on the basis of chromatographic behavior, divalent cation requirements, ionic strength optima, template preference and alpha-amanitin sensitivity. Each class (i.e. RNA polymerase I and II) was present in two forms termed IA, IB and IIA, IIB on the basis of their elution pattern from the column. Both class I enzymes were sensitive to high concentrations of alpha-amanitin but this may be due to general toxicity rather than specific inhibition. The intraclass variants did not differ significantly in enzymatic properties although form IIB was more sensitive to alpha-amanitin (50% inhibition at 2 . 10(-9) M) than form IIA (3 . 10(-8)M). PMID- 708743 TI - Stabilization of adenovirus nuclear RNA by intercalating drugs. AB - The effect of the intercalating drugs proflavine, ethidium bromide and daunomycin on the rate of degradation of newly synthesized adenovirus RNA was examined. As shown previously for heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA) and 45 S precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA), proflavine immediately stabilizes newly synthesized adenovirus RNA, while ethidium bromide stabilizes the RNA after a 30--60 min lag period. In contrast to its effect on HnRNA and pre-rRNA, daunomycin also stabilizes newly synthesized adenovirus RNA. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the processing of late adenovirus nuclear RNA involves cleavage of base-paired regions by specific cellular nucleases. PMID- 708744 TI - Protein biosynthesis in a cell-free system from bovine retina. AB - A cell-free extract active in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein has been prepared from bovine retina. This system may be useful in identifying early precursors and transported forms of the visual pigment apoprotein. The system completed a minimum of 50% of the preexisting nascent polypeptide chains. 20% of the labelled product accumulated in the soluble fraction of the extract. Gel electrophoresis revealed that this fraction contained six major labelled polypeptide species, each of which correspond to a major unlabelled soluble polypeptide. Some completed polypeptides were retained in the particulate fraction of the extract; several of these were resolved on gel electrophoresis and were of very high specific radioactivity. An antiserum to rod outer segment disc proteins precipitated several labelled species from each fraction. The most interesting of these is a polypeptide of molecular weight 41 000 which was found only in the particulate fraction. PMID- 708745 TI - Ursodeoxycholic acid. Effects on sterol metabolism in rats. AB - Sterol balance studies using isotopic and chromatographic techniques were performed in rats fed diets supplemented with ursodeoxycholic acid. Compared to controls, ursodeoxycholic acid dramatically altered sterol metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid was absorbed and circulated in the enterohepatic circulation. The biliary bile acid composition was significantly altered with ursodeoxycholic acid the predominant biliary bile acid (67%). Cholesterol absorption was depressed by 34%; bile acid synthesis was depressed by 30%; however, cholesterol balance was significantly increased. It is apparent that the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on sterol metabolism are different in several respects from chenodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 708746 TI - Regulation of lipoprotein lipase immunological study of adipose tissue. AB - An antibody to purified rat heart lipoprotein lipase was used to determine the relative specific activities of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase from fed and fasted rats. The antibody was immobilized by coupling it to a Sepharose gel. This antibody bound approx. 80% of the lipoprotein lipase activity of extracts of rat adipose tissue. When the extracts were separated by gel chromatography into two lipase activity fractions (lipoprotein lipase "a" and lipoprotein lipase "b") and these fractions incubated with the antibody, only 10% of the lipoprotein lipase "a" activity was bound by the highest antibody concentration employed, whereas 93% of the lipoprotein lipase "b" was bound by the same amount of antibody. Increasing amounts of antibody incubated with extracts of adipose tissue of fed or fasted rats yielded similar titration curves. When a constant amount of antibody was incubated with increasing amounts of the adipose extracts, no significant difference was noted between extracts from fed and fasted animals. The data indicate that the high lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue of fed rats, compared with that of rats fasted overnight, results from the presence of more lipoprotein lipase protein. PMID- 708747 TI - Enzyme activities in lipid-modified membranes of rat livers. PMID- 708748 TI - Retention of acyl groups in LM cell fibroblasts with altered phospholipid composition. AB - Incorporation and loss of membrane lipids were measured in murine fibroblasts grown in suspension culture with [2-14C]acetate in a chemically defined medium devoid of serum or lipid. Greater than 98 and 94% of the 14C present in the phospholipids and neutral glycerides respectively was found in the fatty acyl groups. During a 3-day growth period LM fibroblasts lost 65% of their 14C labelled acyl groups from the phospholipids and 36% from the neutral lipids. Selective retention of 14C in individual isolated phospholipid and neutral lipid species occurred only in phosphatidylethanolamine. Retention of acyl groups in the phospholipids or neutral glycerides was not a property of LM suspension cultured fibroblasts. Supplementation of the LM cells with choline analogues, such as N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, N-monomethylethanolamine, or ethanolamine instead of choline, decreased the loss of 14C-labelled fatty acids from phospholipid and neutral lipid. Ethanolamine supplementation resulted in increased loss of 14C from desmesterol as well as decreased incorporation of 14C into desmosterol. Thus, polar head group manipulation affected acyl group composition, acyl group retention, and sterol metabolism in suspension cultured LM cells. PMID- 708749 TI - Conjugation of 15-keto-prostaglandins by glutathione S-transferases. AB - Incubation of 15-keto[3H]prostaglandin F2alpha with glutathione (GSH) produced a metabolite of 15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha which was not extractable from aqueous solution and thus termed 'water-soluble metabolite'. The addition of cytosol of guinea pig liver to the incubation mixture increased the formation of water soluble metabolite of 15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha 3-fold. The conversion of 15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha to water soluble metabolite in both the presence and absence of enzyme was linear during 10 min of incubation and required 2.5 mM GSH for maximal activity. Liver and kidney cytosol possess about 70 and 25 times, respectively, as much activity as compared to lung cytosol. Chromatographic analysis of the water soluble metabolite obtained from incubation of either 15 keto[3H]prostaglandin F2alpha and GSH or [3H]GSH and 15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha showed that the water-soluble metabolite was an adduct of 15-keto prostaglandin F2alpha and GSH. The addition of prostaglandin A1, a substrate of GSH S-transferases, to the incubation mixture competitively inhibited the formation of the water-soluble metabolite of 15-keto[3H]prostaglandin F2alpha. Presumably, 15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha and other 15-keto-prostaglandins are converted to GSH conjugates by GSH S-transferases. This indicates that 15-keto metabolites produced by prostaglandin dehydrogenase may be further metabolized to GSH conjugates. PMID- 708751 TI - Thiamine-induced alteration in sterol composition of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228. AB - The cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228 grown with added thiamine in a vitamin B-6-free medium did not contain ergosterol and zymosterol (the predominant sterols in cells grown without thiamine). Instead, significant amounts of squalene, lanosterol and unidentified sterols accumulated in the thiamine-grown cells. Of the unidentified sterols, the most predominant was delta5,7-ergostadien-3beta-ol at 26.0% of the total sterol. The accumulation of this sterol in the place or ergosterol (delta5,7,22-ergostatrien-3beta-ol) indicates that the desaturation at C-22 of sterol structure is completely blocked in the thiamine-grown cells. On the basis of chromatographic behaviours, the structures of other unidentified sterols were assumed to be 4alpha-methyl delta8,24(25)-cholestadien-3beta-ol, 4alpha-methyl-delta 8,24(28)-ergostadien 3beta-ol, delta8,24(28)-ergostadien-3beta-ol and delta5,7,24(28)-ergostatrien 3beta-ol. The accumulation of 4alpha-methyl sterols, in addition to that of a large amount of lanosterol (48.4% of total sterol), suggests that the demethylation processes from lanosterol to zymosterol was partially depressed in the thiamine-grown cells. PMID- 708750 TI - Stimulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity after a single dose of the porphyrogenic chemical, allylisopropylacetamide. AB - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in fasting rats was almost doubled 12 h following a single dose (400 mg/kg) of the porphyrogenic chemical allylisopropylacetamide. This doubling effect of the drug on enzyme activity was observed during the basal period, as well as at midnight, when it is maximal in the diurnal rhythm. Cycloheximide, whether given alone or simultaneously with the drug, reduced the enzyme activity to very low levels. Actinomycin D administered alone prevented the normal rise in reductase activity which occurs at night; however, when administered with the drug, it inhibited but did not completely suppress the inducing effect of allylisopropylacetamide. These data suggest a requirement for protein synthesis to observe the stimulating effect of allylisopropylacetamide on hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. A modification in the reductase assay is also described wherein the formation of mevalonolactone from mevalonic acid, the end-product of the assay, is maximized with 3 M HCl. Using this procedure, consistent yields of mevalonolactone in the 90% range are observed since the use of 3M HCl prevents dehydration of mevalonic acid to delta3, 4-methyl-delta-valerolactone. PMID- 708752 TI - Metabolism of all trans 9,12-[1-14C]octadecadienoic acid in the developing brain. PMID- 708753 TI - Thermodynamic studies on the binding of adenosine diphosphate and calcium to beef cardiac myosin. AB - Thermodynamic quantities for the binding of MgADP, CaADP and Ca2+ to purified beef cardiac myosin have been determined by flow calorimetry at 25 degrees C and by equilibrium dialysis at 4 degrees C in 0.5 M KCl, 20 mM tris-HCl (pH 7.5). About 1.65 +/- 0.15 mol MgADP and 1.9 +/- 0.1 mol CaADP were bound per mol myosin. Free energies of binding of MgADP and CaADP were -6.7 and -5.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Enthalpies for binding of MgADP and CaADP were about -12.5 and 19.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, there were 1.8 +/- 0.2 mol high affinity Ca2+ binding sites per mol myosin with an affinity constant of about 10(5) M-1. The enthalpy of Ca2+ binding was about zero. It is concluded that CaADP binds to cardiac myosin with a much greater negative enthalpy than MgADP. Also, the free energy of MgADP binding to cardiac myosin is similar to values reported for skeletal myosin. However, the enthalpy of binding is much less negative than the value obtained for skeletal myosin by Kodama and Woledge (J. Biol. Chem. (1976) 251, 7499--7503). The latter results suggest a subtle difference in the nucleotide binding sites of these myosins. PMID- 708754 TI - The PO protein. The major glycoprotein of peripheral nerve myelin. AB - A glycoprotein, referred to as PO protein, was isolated from rabbit sciatic nerve myelin by gel filtration on Agarose 0.5 m in dodecyl sulfate. The purified myelin was first defatted and extracted at pH 2. The water-soluble proteins such as myelin basic protein and P2 protein were extracted leaving a glycoprotein-rich residue, from which the PO protein was isolated. The purified protein showed a single band on gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulfate when stained with Coomassie Blue of periodic acid-Schiff reagent. The carbohydrate, comprising 6.3% by weight, appears to exist as a nonasaccharide unit having 3 mannose, 3 N acetylglucosamine, 1 sialic acid, 1 galactose and 1 fucose residue. The polypeptide moiety has a high content of non-polar amino acids. A single amino acid, isoleucine, was found at the NH2-terminal end by dansyl and Edman procedures. The PO protein is the major protein of peripheral nerve myelin. PMID- 708755 TI - Isolation of a product from the trypsin-digested glycoprotein of sciatic nerve myelin. AB - When purified rabbit sciatic nerve myelin, whether lyophilized or not, is treated with low amounts of trypsin (25 microgram/ml) for 0.5, 3, or 24 h the resulting protein patterns viewed on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis are similar. The most striking feature of the trypsinized myelin is the accumulation of a heavy band at the basic protein position, molecular weight 19 000, which is accounted for as a degradation product of the PO protein, referred to as the TPO protein. The PO protein, the major glycoprotein of sciatic nerve myelin, as well as the 23K and P2 proteins and albumin, an absorbed component, are all partially degraded; most high molecular weight bands are lost. The TPO protein, isolated by gel filtration in 2% SDS on an agarose column, like the PO protein, is highly insoluble in aqueous solvents. It is a glycoprotein (8% carbohydrate), staining with periodic acid-Schiff reagent; containing 3 mannose, 1 galactose, 3 N acetylglucosamine, 1 sialic acid, and 1 fucose residues and is identical to the nonasaccharide of the parent PO protein. The amino acid composition of the TPO protein, is similar to the PO protein, but has a much higher content of hydrophobic residues and begins with NH2-methionine. This suggests that the PO protein is an amphipathic membrane protein in which its more polar character is confined to the first third of its NH2-terminus. This polar domain is probably positioned above the lipid leaflet where it is accessible to trypsin which cleaves a sensitive lysinyl (or argininyl)-methionine linkage. The more hydrophobic domain (the TPO protein) is buried in the myelin bilayer where it is protected from further tryptic attack. Thus trypsin can serve as a useful probe of myelin structure. PMID- 708756 TI - Interaction studies of the 165 000 dalton protein component of the M-line with the S2 subfragment of myosin. AB - The M-line protein component of molecular weight 165 000 was isolated and purified from rabbit skeletal muscle using ion exchange chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis revealed that the protein was homogeneous. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that the protein interacts with myosin and heavy meromyosin subfragment 2 (S2). There was an increase in negative ellipticity at 221 nm upon interaction, relative to the calculated values assuming no interprotein interaction. The net increaes in negative ellipticity at 221 nm as a result of interaction of M-protein with myosin and subfragment 2 were 600 degrees and 800 degrees respectively. When the protein was mixed with subfragment 2 in a 1 : 1 mol ratio in 0.5 M KCl/25 mM Tris buffer at pH 8.0, low speed sedimentation equilibrium studies gave a molecular weight of 235 000 +/- 10 000 for the complex, indicative of an interaction of the two components. On a Bio gel A 0.5 m column, M-protein and S2 when applied in 1 : 1 mol ratio, were eluted as a single symmetrical peak and a molecular weight of 230 000 was obtained for the complex from the observed elution volume. Both circular dichroism and sedimentation equilibrium studies indicated no interaction of M-line protein with light meromyosin and subfragment 1. Interaction of the 165 000 component with the flexible hinge region of myosin may have special significance in terms of the mechanism accounting for the reversible expansion of the interfilament distance which occurs during contraction. PMID- 708757 TI - Proteolytic fragments from the lobster myosin molecule. AB - The fragments produced by proteolysis of lobster abdominal muscle myosin with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and papain have been investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. Essentially monodisperse populations of long rods are produced by alpha-chymotryptic and papain digestion of rabbit myosin but corresponding digestion of lobster myosin yields multicomponent species. Similarly the low ionic strength insoluble fraction from tryptic digestion of lobster myosin is polydisperse in contrast to essentially monodisperse light meromyosin from rabbit myosin. Comparative tryptic digestion of rabbit and lobster myosin papain long rods shows that the latter have five susceptible cleavage sites in the subfragment-2 region while rabbit long rods have only one: both long rods appear to have three cleavage sites in the light meromyosin region. The fragments produced by tryptic digestion of rabbit myosin papain long rods have been tentatively identified by comparison with fragments isolated from papain digests of rabbit heavy meromyosin and tryptic digests of rabbit light meromyosin. The results suggest differences in sensitivity to enzymic proteolysis between the subfragment-2 regions in rabbit and lobster myosin as well as relative differences in proteolytic sensitivity between the subfragment-2 and light meromyosin region within the individual molecules. Partial explanation of the observation is proposed on the basis of differences in heavy chain compositions. PMID- 708758 TI - Binding of galactose and lactose to ricin. Equilibrium studies. AB - The interaction of ricin, one of the two lectins of Ricinus sanguineus, with its specific ligands galactose and lactose (4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D glucopyranose) has been studied by means of equilibrium dialysis, analytical ultracentrifugation and fluorescence polarization. In the studied concentration range, only one molecule of galactose is bound per molecule of ricin with an association constant, Ka = 6900 m-1 at 4 degrees C. Scatchard plots of equilibrium dialysis data show that two molecules of lactose bind to one molecule of ricin, without modification of molecular weight of the lectin. Together with results of microcalorimetric experiments and agglutination of erythrocytes by ricin, equilibrium dialysis data indicate that the lectin contains two distinct saccharide binding sites. Regardless of the existence of extended sites, it is not possible to select between the two models: (a) two independent sites (Ka1 = 35 000 M-1, Ka2 = 2800 M-1 at 4 degrees C) or (b) two identical sites with negative cooperativity. PMID- 708760 TI - Raman spectroscopy of intact feline corneal collagen. AB - The Raman Spectrum of Collagen is presented from feline corneas which were fresh and intact, heat denatured, and incubated in 2H20. Two bands in the amide I region at approx. 1630 cm-1 and approx. 1660 cm-1 and two bands at ca. 1270 cm-1 and 1247 cm-1 in the amide III region appear in the Raman spectrum of fresh and heat denatured corneal collagen. The two amide III bands have been assigned to amide III vibrations in the polar and non-polar regions of the protein. Only one small amide I band at approx. 1650 cm-1 appears when corneas are treated with 2H2O suggesting that some portion of the Raman peaks in the amide I region for corneas in water is associated with water vibrations. Feline corneal collagen fibrils do not appear to dissociate appreciably upon heating to 70 degrees C. In fact, heated corneas appear structurally similar to corneas aged 30 h at 50 degrees C. We suggest that the swelling induced by heating and aging is predominantly caused by water being absorbed and remaining between the collagen fibrils, causing a slightly more disordered collagen matrix. PMID- 708759 TI - Isolation and characterization of glycoproteins from canine tracheal mucus. AB - Three homogeneous glycoproteins were isolated from reduced and S-carboxy methylated canine tracheal pouch mucus by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Initial fractionation was carried out on Sephadex G-200; chromatography of the excluded Sephadex G-200 fraction on Bio-Gel A-15 m yielded two high molecular weight glycoprotein fractions. Following rechromatography on the same column, the main fraction behaved as an electrophoretically homogeneous high molecular weight (581 600) glycoprotein, with a high carbohydrate content (80%) and a single amino-terminal amino acid (arginine). Ion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose) of the included Sephadex G-200 fraction yielded two electrophoretically homogeneous glycoproteins of lower molecular weight (20 800 and 24 600, respectively). A single amino-terminal amino acid, glycine and alanine, respectively, was detected for each glycoprotein. Chemical analysis of these three glycoproteins revealed the presence of fucose, galactose, N acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylneuraminic acid and sulfate monoester. The high molecular weight glycoprotein had a higher hexose, sialic acid and sulfate content, per mg of protein, than the low molecular weight glycoproteins. The results of the alkaline borohydride treatment indicated that the majority of the carbohydrate chains of these glycoproteins are linked to the protein core through O-glycosidic bonds involving N-acetylgalactosamine and serine or threonine. PMID- 708761 TI - Circular dichroism studies on the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the conformation of some phytohemagglutinins. AB - Conformation and conformational transitions of phytohemagglutinins (lectins) from Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Lens culinaris (lentil), Glycine max (soybean), and Ricinus communis (castor bean) were studied by the circular dichroism probe. The lectins were found to possess a high amount of the pleated sheet (beta) conformation. The tertiary structure and main chain conformation of the lectins were disorganized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the main chain was reconstructed by relatively high concentrations of SDS (weight ratio of SDS to protein about 5-8 to 1) into new orders of higher helix content than in the native protein. More helix was formed in acid solutions than in nearly neutral solutions. The disorganization of the native tertiary structure by SDS was expressed in a decrease of the circular dichroism bands related to the tyrosine and tryptophan chromophores and in appearance of the vibronic fine structure in the phenylalanine band zone. The tertiary structure of the L. culinaris and R. communis lectins was more sensitive to SDS than the tertiary structure of the two other lectins. PMID- 708762 TI - Quantitative analysis of the spin equilibrium of cytochrome P-450 LM-2 fraction from rabbit liver microsomes. AB - The LM-2 fraction of cytochrome P-450 from rabbits in the presence and in the absence of substrate (benzphetamine) is shown to be a thermal mixture of a high spin (S = 5/2) and a low spin (S = 1/2) form each of which exhibiting its individual optical basic spectrum with the Soret maxima at 387 nm and 417 nm for the high spin form and the low spin form, respectively. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters describing the spin transition and the substrate binding have been evaluated from the temperature and substrate difference spectra, respectively. These two interacting equilibria are presented in terms of a thermodynamic model, which provides a clear quantitative description of the properties of the cytochrome P-450 substrate system. From the thermodynamic model also the cause of the substrate difference spectra can be explained. The importance of the spin shift in the presence of substrate with respect to the reduction rate is discussed. PMID- 708763 TI - Human spectrin. I. A classical light scattering study. AB - Human spectrin heterodimers were analyzed in solutions containing different amounts of salt employing the classical light scattering technique. 1. At 22 degrees C the radius of gyration of isolated human spectrin heterodimers in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution (pH 7.3) was found to be about 22 nm. 2. The radius of gyration of isolated human spectrin heterodimers was found to increase to about 40 nm as the ionic strength of the spectrin solution (pH 7.3) was reduced to about 1 mM. 3. The light scattering study indicates that the isolated human spectrin heterodimers were highly expanded and flexible molecules with a contour length exceeding about 140 nm. PMID- 708764 TI - Human spectrin. II. An electro-optic study. AB - The electrically induced birefringence of human spectrin heterodimer solutions has been studied. 1. Human spectrin heterodimers were found to have a specific Kerr constant Bsp = +(5 +/- 2) . 10(-11) m4/(V2 . kg). 2. Human spectrin exhibited a birefringence relaxation time tau decay = (2.0 +/- 0.3) microseconds. 3. The electro-optic study indicates that human spectrin heterodimers have a contour length of more than 40--50 nm. PMID- 708765 TI - Parvalbumins from coelacanth muscle. I. General survey. AB - Parvalbumins from coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) myogen have been isolated by gel filtration of Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Disc electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis showed the homogeneity of the three first major parvalbumin peaks (pI = 5.44, pI = 4.95 and pI = 4.52). The fourth component was partially resolved into two more parvalbumins (pI = 3.78 and pI = 3.50) by preparative gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analyses and tryptic peptide maps separated the five components in two major categories. The two less acidic components differ only in the presence or absence of an N-terminal blocking group. The three more acidic components constitute the second category; in spite of this heterogeneity, they share the same amino acid sequence. PMID- 708766 TI - Thermodynamic studies of the interaction of alpha-chymotrypsin with water. II. Statistical analyses of the enthalpy-entropy compensation effect. AB - Differential enthalpies (deltaH) and entropies (deltaS) of the interaction of water with a high and low temperature conformer of alpha-chymotrypsin were determined previously by multitemperature sorption measurements. The changes in (deltaH) and (deltaS) with water content of the protein were found to show a pronounced compensation pattern. It is known that van 't Hoff data may exhibit enthalpy-entropy compensation, which is entirely due to statistical error propagation. To discriminate between artifactual and significant compensation, the experimental results are analyzed by statistical methods. The results of two different statistical analyses show that a linear, chemically caused compensation effect can be established for the interaction of water with both chymotrypsin conformers. The compensation temperature beta = deltaH/deltaS was found to be 433 +/- 22 K. The compensation effect is detectable only in the water content range above the monolayer volume (upsilonm), computed by the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller equation. This result is discussed in terms of a monolayer hydration mechanism, formulated on the basis of previous thermodynamic results: The interaction of the first water monolayer with the charged and polar surface area of the dry protein, largely stabilizes its tertiary structure. Further water addition then occurs to a practically invariable protein surface. According to this mechanism (which ensures a maximum of conformational stability with a minimum of hydration water), large conformational changes can be expected to occur mainly in the monolayer water content range. This expectation is confirmed by extra-thermodynamic data (infrared and X-ray measurements). The thermodynamic quantities of the sorption process are thus governed by conformational effects below upsilonm. Above the monolayer water content range, however, the water binding process per se strongly predominates. The deltaH/deltaS compensation effect established for this water content range, is thus attributable to phase transitions of water molecules from the gas (or liquid) phase to the protein bound state (or vice versa). A possible relationship between the linear compensation effect established in this study, and the compensation phenomenon observed in reactions in aqueous solution is discussed. PMID- 708767 TI - Parvalbumins from coelacanth muscle. III. Amino acid sequence of the major component. AB - The primary structure of the major parvalbumin (pI = 4.52) from coelacanth muscle (Latimeria chalumnae) has been determined. Sequence analysis of the tryptic peptides, in some cases obtained with beta-trypsin, accounts for the total amino acid content of the protein. Chymotryptic peptides provide appropriate sequence overlaps, to complete the localization of the tryptic peptides. Examination of the amino acid sequence of this protein shows the typical structure of a beta parvalbumin. Its position in the dendrogram of related calcium-binding proteins corresponds to that usually accepted for crossopterygians. PMID- 708768 TI - Hemoglobin Detroit: beta95 (FG2) lysine leads to asparagine. AB - Hb Detroit is a mutant which migrates between Hb A and Hb J Baltimore on cellulose acetate (pH 8.5), and with Hb A on citrate agar (pH 6.0). Globin chain analyses in alkaline and acid buffers reveal an abnormal beta chain with a mobility between the betaA and betaJ Baltimore chains. Structural characterization of this abnormal chain shows that lysine at position 95 is replaced by asparagine. No hematological abnormalities could be attributed to the presence of the mutant, and the oxygen affinity properties of the stripped hemoglobin are similar to those of Hb A. The beta95 residue which is substituted in Hb Detroit and also in Hb N Baltimore ((beta95 Lys leads to Glu) does not appear to be in a critical functional area of the molecule. PMID- 708769 TI - The partial amino acid sequences of the two H2B histones from sperm of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. AB - Two new histone H2B variants have been isolated from sperm cells of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. They have been designated sperm histone H2B(1) Psammechinus and sperm histone H2B(2) Psammechinus. Both histones are highly homologous to the previously described sperm histones from Parechinus angulosus (Strickland et al. (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 77, 263--275 and 277--286). The amino acid sequences of the Ps. miliaris sperm histones, though highly homologous, are not identical to the amino acid sequence derived from the codon sequence of a histone H2B gene, characterized from the same organism by Birnstiel et al. ((1977) Nature 266, 603--607). PMID- 708770 TI - Primary structure of hemoglobin from trout (Salmo irideus). Amino acid sequence of alpha chain of Hb trout I. AB - The amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of the hemoglobin component of trout's blood which is devoid of heterotropyc phenomena, i.e. Hb trout I, is presented. The sequence has been determined by analyzing the soluble tryptic peptides obtained from the whole globin and the peptides obtained after redigesting the insoluble 'core' with chymotrypsin. Alignment of the peptides with the structure of human as well as carp and Catostomus clarkii alpha chains shows that Hb trout I alpha chain differs from the corresponding human protein by 43% amino acid substitutions and from the two other fish by 34.5% and 33.1%, respectively. Further comparison of sequence data available for the N-terminal region suggests that the divergence between Hb trout I and IV, the other major hemoglobin component of trout's blood, is greater than that found between each trout hemoglobin and the other two fishes (carp and C. clarkii.). PMID- 708771 TI - The shape of spectrin molecules from human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Purified spectrin dimers and tetramers have been directly visualized by low-angle shadowing. The 9-S heterodimer is an asymmetric flexible molecule about 1000 A in length, its constituent monomer polypeptides forming two strands which in many molecules are individually visible, lying partially separated from one another or twisting round each other in a loose double helix. The 12-S tetramer is formed by the end-to-end association of two heterodimers, without overlap. The protein bears no physical resemblance to myosin. PMID- 708772 TI - Formation of the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of bacteriorhodopsin in reconstituted brown membrane. AB - The aggregation state of reconstituted bacteriorhodopsin molecules in the brown membrane has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and CD spectra. It has been confirmed that reconstituted bacteriorhodopsin molecules form the hexagonal lattice spontaneously whereas bacterioopsin molecules do not. PMID- 708773 TI - Disulphide bridging of calf thymus histone H3 by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). AB - Electrophoretic analysis of the reaction products of calf thymus histone H3 with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), under mild conditions, shows that different oxidized forms of this histone are originated by disulphide interchange. One of the species detected is the intramolecular oxidized monomer of histone H3. PMID- 708774 TI - Isolectins of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physicochemical studies. AB - By a combination of solubility fractionation, continuous free-flow high voltage electrophoresis, molecular sieve and affinity chromatography on fetuin-Sepharose 4B, several lectin fractions of different isoelectric point were obtained from the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. "Processor". The albumin isolectin range comprised of five major lectin components with isoelectric points between pH 4.6 and 5.2, while the partly overlapping globulin isolectins contained several more lectin components with higher isoelectric points. The two groups had similar amino acid and sugar composition but were only partially identical by immunochemical criteria. The isolectins were also shown to be similar by physicochemical measurements with a common protomer weight value of about 119000. Values of so20,w, 6.84 and 6.76 S, and of V av, 0.712 and 715 ml/g, for the albumin and the globulin lectins, respectively, also indicated a close similarity. Both groups contained, in a slow equilibrium with the protomer, just over 10% of dimer and oligomers. In addition, the albumin lectins also contained a small, 2 S, dissociation product in a slow equilibrium with the protomer. The hydrodynamic data obtained for the albumin isolectins: [eta] = 0.063 dl/g; beta = 2.42 . 10(6) and f/fo = 1.56 indicated a highly voluminous particle with an effective volume of 8.6 . 10(-18) ml. This type of molecular arrangement was general for the major P. vulgaris seed glycoproteins and was, thus, suggested to be of potential importance for their physiological functioning during seed maturation and germination. PMID- 708775 TI - Glucose in vertebrate skeletal muscle proteins. AB - Neutral sugar was found in proteins extracted with acid chloroform/methanol from skeletal muscle of frog, normal and dystrophic chicken as well as in conventional preparations of frog tropomyosin and rabbit myosin. Whenever tested, the sugar content remained unaffected by two extractions with 5% trichloroacetic acid and by treatment with acid (0.1 N hydrochloric acid) or alkali (0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 60--90 min, 100 degrees C). These and other chemical properties favor the notion that sugar is present in covalent linkage to protein rather than as an attending contaminant. In every protein studied sugar profiles consisted of glucose only except rabbit myosin where it was accompanied by another sugar, presumably ribose. PMID- 708776 TI - Studies on cephalopod rhodopsin. Fatty acid esters of sucrose as effective detergents. AB - Squid rhodopsin was extracted with solutions of fatty acid esters of sucrose (monolaurate and monostearate) and purified by DEAE-cellulose and concanavalin A Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified rhodopsin (A280/A480 = 2.5) contained 2.3 mol of glucosamine and 1.2 mol of phospholipid per mol of rhodopsin. The photoproduct metarhodopsin was also stable in these detergent solutions as in digitonin solution. Concanavalin A had no affinity for retinochrome. PMID- 708777 TI - Multiple forms of albumin and their conversion from pro-type to serum-type in rat liver in vivo. AB - Purified rat serum albumin was resolved into five forms by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, while albumin isolated from the subcellular fractions of rat liver consisted of those of serum albumin and four additional forms. This latter four forms were identified as proalbumin, since they were converted to those of serum albumin by limited proteolysis with trypsin. This method was applied to the determination of the conversion site of proalbumin in the liver, revealing that substantial conversion of proalbumin occurs in the Golgi cisternae as well as in the secretory vesicles. PMID- 708778 TI - Human pituitary thyrotropin. Isolation of alpha and beta subunits by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. AB - Various conditions for the dissociation of highly purified human pituitary thyrotropin into subunits have been investigated. Dissociation on a preparative scale was accomplished by treatment with 1 M propionic acid at 32 degrees C for 16 h. The isolation of one alpha and two beta subunits was achieved by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on pentyl-Sepharose-4B. Radioimmunological technique was utilized to classify the subunits in accordance with current nomenclature and also to express their activities. The activities of the subunits overlapped insignificantly (less than or equal to 0.3%) and their content of intact thyrotropin was negligible (less than 0.05%). The characterization of the subunits included determination of their amino acid compositions. Analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the subunits at acid and alkaline pH values revealed heterogeneity. By free-zone electrophoresis at alkaline pH it was possible to isolate four discrete iso-forms of both the alpha and the beta subunit. All these eight individual subunits had activities consistent with those of their immediate precursor fractions. Isolation of electrophoretically homogeneous thyrotropin subunits has not been reported previously. PMID- 708779 TI - Proton magnetic resonance and conformational energy calculations of repeat peptides of tropoelastin. A permutation of the hexapeptide. AB - The conformation of a hexapeptide sequence occurring in tropoelastin is discussed from the results obtained using a combined approach of theoretical conformational energy calculations on HCO-Val-Ala-Prb-Gly-OMe and 1h nmr studies on t-Boc-Val Ala-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-OMe in a dilute solution of methanol. Both studies have reasonable concurrence with respect to the preferred conformation of the hexapeptide and an analysis of the combined results suggests that the hexapeptide is stabilized by a beta-turn involving the Ala1,iC=O and Val4,iNH groups and a gamma-turn involving Gly5,iC=O and Gly3,iNH groups. A weaker interaction between Gly3,iC=O and Gly5,iNH groups is also found to be possible. Conformational features of the first valyl residue in the sequence Val-Ala-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly and the last valyl residue in Ala-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val are compared and found to have similar torsion angles. The implications of such a similarity are discussed with respect to the conformation of the polyhexapeptide. PMID- 708780 TI - High affinity calcium binding peptides from the gills, gut and kidneys of the freshwater eel (Anguilla anguilla). AB - We report the isolation of high affinity calcium-binding peptides from homogenates of gills, gut and kidneys of the freshwater eel Anguilla anguilla. These peptides show identical gel-filtration profiles on Biogel P-6, from which a molecular weight of 3500 was estimated. The average binding constant (Kf) for calcium is 7 . 10(7)M-1, and MgCl2 up to 5 mM does not displace calcium. PMID- 708781 TI - Extraction of mitochondrial proteins by volatile anesthetics. AB - Heavy beef heart mitochondria were exposed to controlled concentrations of several volatile anesthetics including halothane, enflurane and chloroform. These anesthetics caused a concentration-dependent release of protein from mitochondria with maximal release occurring at 17.5% halothane and less release at lower and higher concentrations. The proteins released into the supernatants were analyzed by electrophoresis on slab gels containing a 6--20% gradient of acrylamide. The anesthetics caused the release of several polypeptides from mitochondria into the incubation medium; the major polypeptides released had molecular weights of 78 000; 48 000; 47 000; 43 000; 32 000 and 22 000. Two of these were identified by enzyme analysis and by co-electrophoresis with crystalline enzymes as the subunits of aspartate aminotransferase (43 000 daltons; EC 2.6.1.1) and malate dehydrogenase (32 000 daltons; EC 1.1.1.37). Mitochondria exposed to saturated halothane vapors were similar ultrastructurally to controls except that the halothane mitochondria appeared uncoupled. Similar results were obtained with O2 or N2 as carrier gas. PMID- 708782 TI - X-ray crystallographic and molecular orbital studies on the conformation of tryptamine. AB - The crystal structure of neutral tryptamine has been determined by X-ray methods. The refinements result in a conventional R value of 0.043. Tryptamine molecules are held together to form layered structures perpendicular to the c axis by van der Waals contacts and by N-H...N type hydrogen bonds. The conformation is similar to that of other cationic tryptamines. By the conformational energy calculation which was carried out by the Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap (CNDO/2) method, it is shown that the folded conformation observed in this crystal structure is attributed mainly to the nature of tryptamine molecule. Furthermore, it seems likely that this conformation is also significant and common in other numerous unsubstituted indolealkylamines, because their conformations are similar to that of the tryptamine. PMID- 708783 TI - The effect of ammonium chloride and glucagon on the metabolism of glutamine in isolated liver cells from starved rats. AB - 1. Glucagon stimulated gluconeogenesis from glutamine in isolated liver cells to a far greater extent than that from any other amino-acid precursor. 2. Low concentrations of ammonium chloride (less than 1 mM) stimulated glucose production from glutamine. Glucagon further stimulated this glucose production, even in the presence of saturating concentrations of ammonium chloride. 3. In agreement with previous reports, glutamine hydrolysis by isolated mitochondria was found to be stimulated by ammonium chloride. It was found that ammonium chloride activated mitochondrial glutamine hydrolysis at the same concentrations at whict it stimulated glucose production from glutamine in liver cells. The effective activation of glutamine hydrolysis by ammonimum chloride in intact mitochondria was partially inhibited by rotenone and was abolished by uncoupling agents. 4. The addition of glucagon to hepatocytes metabolising glutamine led to a decrease in the intracellular concentration of glutamine and an increase in the intracellular concentration of glutamate. 5. It is likely that glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis from glutamine by mechanisms which are additional to those that may operate in the stimulation of gluconeogenesis from other amino acid precursors. It is suggested that both ammonium chloride and glucagon exert their effects on glutamine metabolism by increasing the effective activity of mitochondrial glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2.). PMID- 708785 TI - On the non-ferritin depot iron fraction in the rat liver. AB - Liver depot iron can be divided into two fractions: ferritin iron and non ferritin depot iron. Three methods intended to measure the non-ferritin depot iron in the rat liver were compared using livers of normal rats and livers of rats loaded with iron by transfusion of erythrocytes. Liver depot iron varied between 75 and 850 microgram Fe/g liver. Non-ferritin depot iron, measured as the iron fraction sedimentable at 10 000 x g, was in the range 4--22 microgram Fe/g liver. This fraction did contain ferritin. When measured as the difference between total liver depot iron and heat-stable iron (ferritin iron), the range was 10--270 microgram Fe/g liver but this fraction also includes some ferritin iron. The values derived with both methods were linearly proportional to the total liver depot iron values. Non-ferritin depot iron, when measured as the difference between total liver depot iron and total ferritin iron, ranged from 0 to 190 microgram Fe/g liver. In this last method no ferritin iron is included. This method provides the best estimate of the non-ferritin depot iron fraction. The concentrations obtained with this method were not always linearly proportional to the total liver depot iron concentration. Intravenous injection of rat liver ferritin resulted in a rapid accumulation of ferritin iron in the liver, together with an increase of the non-ferritin depot iron fraction from 18 microgram Fe/g liver to 55 microgram Fe/g liver. This confirms a relationship between ferritin catabolism and the non-ferritin depot iron fraction. PMID- 708784 TI - The topology of epoxide hydratase and benzpyrene monooxygenase in the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. AB - The distributions of benzpyrene monooxygenase and epoxide hydratase in subfractions of liver microsomes from control and from phenobarbital- and methylcholanthrene-treated rats have been investigated. The specific activities of these enzymes in rough and smooth microsomes from control and phenobarbital treated animals are approximately the same, whereas after methylcholanthrene treatment benzpyrene monooxygenase is four times higher and epoxide hydratase twice as high in the rough vesicles. Further subfractionation of rough and smooth microsomes by rate differential centrifugation revealed the distributions of both enzymes among microsomal vesicles to be highly heterogeneous. Comparison of these distributions leads to the conclusion that the benzpyrene monooxygenase system and epoxide hydratase may form a complex of unique stoichiometry in the membrane of microsomes from control rats, but that such a complex is not consistent with the distributions obtained after methylcholanthrene induction. Studies with proteases and the nonpenetrating chemical reagent diazobenzene sulfonate suggest that epoxide hydratase may be buried deeply in the hydrophobic phase of the membrane of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 708786 TI - Proton NMR relaxation study of the binding of pyridine and 1-methylimidazole to some ferriporphyrins and to metmyoglobin. AB - Proton spin-lattice relaxation times of pyridine and 1-methylimidazole complexed on Fe(III)protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester, Fe(III)tetraphenylporphyrin in chloroform and on metmyoglobin in 2H2O have been measured. Caused by chemical exchange of the ligand molecules into the bulk solvent phase, the decay of their MZ-magnetization is given by a superposition of two exponentials from which the mean lifetime of the complexed species can be determined. This method offers the possibility to study exchange kinetics of ligand molecules from a well defined molecular configuration. The present data are compared with the results from linewidth measurements of the bulk phase molecules. From both sets of parameters a detailed picture of the ligand exchange can be gained, particularly if spin transition of the paramagnetic organic metal complex occurs, as is the case for some ferriporphyrins. For metmyoglobin, the NMR result is compared with relaxation times extracted from temperature jump experiments under similar conditions. PMID- 708787 TI - Sex difference in L-glutamine D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase activity of mouse submandibular gland. AB - L-Glutamine D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6 phosphate ketol-isomerase (amino-transferring), EC 5.3.1.19) activities in the three main salivary glands of male and female mice were measured. It was found that the activity in the submandibular gland was about 10 times more in females than in males, whereas the activities in the sublingual and parotid glands of males and females were similar. The activity in the submandibular gland of female mice was not affected appreciably by ovariectomy but it decreased to the level in males on injection of testosterone. The activity in males was not affected appreciably by injection of progesterone or 17beta-estradiol, but it increased to the level in females after castration. The increased activity in castrated male mice was decreased again to the normal level by testosterone injection. Thus, this sex difference is caused by androgen, not by female hormones. On the basis of in vivo experiments using actinomycin D, it was suggested that testosterone produced an "enzyme inhibitor", which suppressed the enzyme activity in the submandibular glands of androgen-rich animals. PMID- 708788 TI - Zinc accumulation and metabolism in primary cultures of adult rat liver cells. Regulation by glucocorticoids. AB - Adult rat liver parenchymal cells were isolated by the collagenase perfusion technique and cultured as a monolayer for up to 20 h. The quantity of zinc accumulated from the extracellular environment was significantly increased by adding physiological concentrations of certain glucocorticosteroids to the medium. The degree of stimulation was directly related to glucocorticoid potency. Sex steroids, certain peptide hormones and prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha did not influence zinc accumulation. Control cells exhibited a decline of zinc accumulation after 4 h in culture although uptake processes were still operative. When dexamethasone, the most potent glucocorticoid used, was present in the medium the cells accumulated zinc at a linear rate greater than that seen in control cells, for at least 20 h. The dexamethasone-induced stimulation of zinc accumulation was relatively specific since 45Ca, 14C-labelled amino acids and [35S]cystine accumulation was not influenced by the hormone. A lag of 4 h was observed before an effect of dexamethasone on zinc accumulation could be detected. Moreover, the hormone-stimulated phase of accumulation was blocked when the cells were simultaneously incubated with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. The additional complement of zinc accumulated by the dexamethasone treated cells was localized in the cytosol fraction. Gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography confirmed that this additional cytosol zinc was bound to metallothionein. [35S]Cystine was incorporated into metallothionein in hormone treated cells indicating that the protein was synthesized de novo during periods of enhanced zinc accumulation. PMID- 708789 TI - Effects of antihypertensive drugs on hepatic heme biosynthesis, and evaluation of ferrochelatase inhibitors to simplify testing of drugs for heme pathway induction. AB - Effects of a series of antihypertensive drugs on the activity of delta aminolevulinate synthase and on the formation of porphyrins and cytochrome P-450 were examined in the 18-day-old chick embryo liver in ovo. Hydralazine, pargyline, phenoxybenzamine, clonidine, and spironolactone were found to induce delta-aminolevulinate synthase in this system. These drugs therefore have the potential to precipitate clinical expression in human hereditary hepatic porphyrias and should be avoided or used with caution in patients with these disorders. Differential effects of these and other drugs were observed in the avian liver, in that delta-aminolevulinate synthase was more commonly induced than were porphyrins and cytochrome P-450; the synthase was usually highest 6-12 h after injection, whereas porphyrins and cytochrome P-450 were highest at 24 h. Furthermore marked porphyrin accumulation was not seen with many drugs that induce delta-aminolevulinate synthase and cytochrome P-450 but was more characteristic of compounds that reduced the metabolism of protoporphyrin to heme, such as 1,4-dihydro-3,5-dicarbethoxycollidine (DDC) and high doese of hydralazine. A sensitive and convenient method to test for capacity to induce heme biosynthesis was adapted for use in the chick embryo liver. This employed a relatively small "priming" dose (0.25 mg) of DDC given with a drug being tested and a fluorometric assay of porphyrins in a liver homogenate obtained at 24 h. This simple method should facilitate screening for those drugs which induce the synthesis of delta-aminolevulinate synthase and/or cytochrome P-450 and are potentially dangerous to patients with hereditary hepatic porphyria. PMID- 708791 TI - Interactions between insulins and liver membrane receptors of guinea pig, calf and chicken. Exclusion of a species-specific insulin receptor. AB - Insulin binding experiments were performed with liver plasma membranes from guinea pig, calf and chicken. Bound insulin was separated from free insulin by a simple and rapid centrifugation of membranes through a layer of silicon oil. 125 I-labeled beef insulin was displaced from receptor sites by unlabelled guinea pig, beef and chicken insulin. The receptors of animals with insulins of different biological activity show similar basic characteristics and affinities to the different insulin molecules and thus are not specialised for the interactions with the homologous insulin molecule. The binding capacity of the membranes for beef insulin seems to be inversely related to the affinity of the homologous insulin to the receptor, guinea pig membranes showing the highest and chicken membranes the lowest receptor concentration. PMID- 708790 TI - Binding of N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate and the inhibition of thymidylate synthesis by a folate-binding protein. AB - A mixture of two ionic forms of a folate-binding protein purified from chronic myelogenous leukemia cells reversibly binds N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate and prevents the coupling of this cofactor to thymidylate synthetase in a terniary complex with fluorodeoxyuridylate. The binding protein also inhibits the enzymic synthesis of thymidine monophosphate by preventing the methylation of deoxyuridylate. These findings suggest that one function of the folate-binding protein may be to regulate the intracellular concentration of free folate cofactors and, thereby, modulate their functional activity. PMID- 708792 TI - Carbohydrate composition of cells and plasma membranes of Dictyostelium discoideum at selected stages of development. AB - Cells of Distyostelium discoideum representing four developmental stages were auto-analysed for constituent monosaccharides and their compositions compared. Rhamnose, ribose, fucose, glucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine and an unidentified sugar were recovered after hydrolysis in 2 M HCl for 2 h at 100 degrees C. The relative proportions of the individual sugars were found to vary as a function of development. The largest variations were in the proportions contributed by galactose (from 2% of vegetative cell carbohydrate to 12% of the carbohydrate of fruiting bodies) and galactosamine (present in measurable quantity only in fruiting bodies). Plasma membrane "ghosts" were found to have the same monosaccharide constituents as whole cells, but in different proportions. Mannose contributed over 24% of the total carbohydrate recovered from aggregating cell "ghosts", but only 13% of carbohydrate recovered from "ghosts" prepared from vegetative cells. Galactose was the most abundant sugar recovered from vegetative "ghosts", and was second only to mannose in aggregating "ghosts". PMID- 708793 TI - Testosterone-induced proton release and inhibition of tryptic hydrolysis of albumin. AB - Further investigation of the effect of bound testosterone on the susceptibility of human serum albumin to tryptic hydrolysis has revealed a stimulation of hydrolysis at low binding levels, becoming an inhibition at higher binding levels. The inhibition, but not the stimulation, is associated with a two-stage steroid-induced proton release phenomenon which may involve the cysteine (SH) group and tyrosine residues. Proton release is also induced by Ca2+ and ethanol. The nature of the effect and the influence of Ca2+ suggests that stimulation of hydrolysis is associated with the presence of one molecule of testosterone and inhibition with the presence of 2-5 molecules at a set of sites which are thermodynamically equivalent. PMID- 708794 TI - Assessment of plasminogen synthesis in vitro by mouse tumor cells using a competition radioimmunoassay for mouse plasminogen. AB - A sensitive, specific competition radioimmunoassay for mouse plasmin(ogen) has been developed in order to determine whether mouse tumor cells can synthesize plasminogen in vitro. The rabbit anti-BALB/c mouse plasminogen antibodies used in the assay react with the plasminogen present in serum from BALB/c, C3H, AKR and C57BL/6 mice, and also recognized mouse plasmin. The competition radioimmunoassay can detect as little as 50 ng of mouse plasminogen. No competition was observed with preparations of fetal calf, human and rabbit plasminogens. A variety of virus-transformed and mouse tumor cell lines were all found to contain less than 100 ng mouse plasminogen/mg of cell extract protein. Thus, if the plasminogen activator/plasmin system is important in the growth or movement of this group of tumor cells, the cells will be dependent upon the circulatory system of the host for their plasminogen supply. PMID- 708795 TI - A constant-volume ultrafiltration technique for the calculation of equilbrium binding data. AB - A constant-volume ultrafiltration technique is described, and details of its assessment presented. The retention characteristics of two membranes were evaluated using molecules of known molecular weight. The technique is rapid, precise, economical of material and yields equilibrium data. In these respects, it compares favourably with conventional techniques such as equilibrium dialysis. PMID- 708796 TI - [The hemoglobin molecule from a cybernetic and thermodynamic point of view (author's transl)]. AB - The biological macromolecule hemoglobin (Hb) represents a reversibly functioning molecular machine. The Hb molecule is engaged in inner or structural work, which is cyclic in nature and is regulated through an exchange with the external milieu, of warmth and matter. The endothermic process of deoxygenation requires an external milieu that gives off warmth and that absorbs oxygen; the exothermic process of oxygenation, on the other hand, requires an external milieu that absorbs warmth and gives up oxygen. The Hb molecule exists in two extreme states: in a signal state for oxygenation and in a target state for deoxygenation. The transition from the signal to the target state occurs via the information process that is coupled to the structural work of the Hb molecule, whereby the absorbed warmth is converted via the structural work, without loss of energy, into the structural energy of the Hb molecule. PMID- 708797 TI - The mechanism of mental scanning in foveal vision. PMID- 708798 TI - Visual detection of spatial contrast; influence of location in the visual field, target extent and illuminance level. AB - A model is proposed that permits the prediction of contrast detection thresholds for arbitrary spatial patterns. The influence of the inhomogeneous structure of the visual field and a form of spatial integration are incorporated in the model. A hypothetical density function for the spatial sampling units, which specifies the distribution of these units with respect to both size and location, is described. The density function is compared with anatomical and electrophysiological knowledge of the density of retinal and cortical receptive fields. This density function permits a particularly lucid interpretation in terms of pattern processing. It can be considered as a system that permits simultaneous global and focal views of the surroundings. Thedensity function, together with a schematized adaptation behaviour of single units, and an incoherent summation rule permit us to calculate a measure of the mass response, and consequently the threshold function. Predictions of the model are compared with recently obtained psychophysical data. In particular an explanation is offered for certain invariance properties of spatial contrast detection that seems to possess promising generality. PMID- 708799 TI - Physiological model analysis of involuntary human-voice tremor. AB - Frequency variations in the human voice result from voluntary and involuntary changes in the parameters of the vocal system. The present work deals with involuntary frequency perturbations from two theoretical aspects: 1) the influence of pitch period variations on frequency changes in the band-limited signal which results from the resonant characteristics of the vocal tract; 2) the physiological parameters of the vocal system which are potentially able to govern involuntary frequency changes. It is shown that the modulation function of the vocal-cord wave can theoretically be derived from its harmonics using FM demodulation techniques, and that higher distortion may appear at higher harmonics. It is also shown that involuntary geometirical changes of the vocal tract and its terminal impedance as well as tension and initial-area changes of the vocal cord--changes well within the physiological range--can influence frequency changes in the human voice. The present results are correlated with our reported experimental findings on involuntary voice tremor, used in psychological stress evaluation. The role of the central nervous system, and possible mechanisms for these phenomena, are discussed. PMID- 708800 TI - A model for light adaptation: producing Weber's law with bleaching-type kinetics. AB - An "adaptation model" having two stages is introduced and its mathematical properties are examined. The two stages are the "adaptive process" (parameter Kb), which has bleaching-type kinetics, and the "response function" (parameters Kr and n), which incorporates response saturation. In order to study the increment threshold functions generated by the "adaptation model" the concept of a "detector" is required. It is demonstrated that without an adaptive process the compression hypothesis, in the form of the "difference equation", produces increment threshold functions which saturate and do not obey Weber's law. It is then shown that an adaptive process with bleaching-type kinetics can prevent saturation and produce Weber's law behavior provided that the "adaptive strength" of the system exceeds the "detector sensitivity". PMID- 708801 TI - On the interaction between the central nervous system and the peripheral motor system. AB - The problem of the control of voluntary human movements is considered from a cybernetic point of view. The human motor system is considered to be divided into a central part and a peripheral part. The peripheral part is relatively well known and may be regarded as a set of subsystems with well known input-output relations. The interaction between the peripheral part and the central part is related to the mechanisms of the peripheral motor part. With regard to the central part two different types of control mechanisms are possible, a) an intricate functioning of the central part which generates the control signals with regard to internal and extrenal dynamical factors, b) the central part has some degree of independence with respect to the dynamics of the peripheral motor part. In the latter case the central part prescribes the desired movement exactly, but the final performance of the movement is also brought about by peripheral feed-back mechanisms. As a functional form of the interaction between the central part and the peripheral part it might be that the control signals are encoded in a way that is related to the muscle lengths. PMID- 708802 TI - Is the adaptation model a valid description of the vestibulo-ocular reflex? AB - The pendulum model of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, including the effects of adaptation, has been evaluated using the responses of 36 normal subjects to impulsive stimuli of 128 and 256 degree/s. Estimates of the model parameters such as the time constants, the slow velocity threshold, and the minimum stimulus required to produce an after-nystagmus have been obtained using a new analytical technique. Although some of the data support the validity of the adaptation model, evidence is presented to demonstrate that the overall applicability of the model is limited. PMID- 708803 TI - A study of the motor unit action potential by means of computer simulation. AB - In order to study the motor unit action potential a computer stimulation model was developed. It is based on the superposition of single muscle fibre potentials of the fibres belonging to the motor unit. The parameters which characterize each fibre (spatial position, diameter, and a dispersion of arrival time of the potential at the electrode) are chosen from statistical distributions which can be derived from anatomical and physiological data. The electrode type, position and dimensions can be specified. Simulated motor unit action potentials are presented in the time and frequency domain. The stimulation results refer to (1) the influence of the electrode position and dimensions with respect to the motor unit territory, (2) the meaning of this model for the study of pathological phenomena, (3) the variability of some parameters characterizing the motor unit, (4) the selectivity of uni- and bipolar electrodes and finally (5) the influence of the geometrical situation of the motor end-plates within the muscle, on the shape of motor unit action potentials. PMID- 708805 TI - Biological oscillators can be stopped--topological study of a phase response care. AB - Many biological oscillators are stable against noise and perturbation (e.g. circadian rhythms, biochemical oscillators, pacemaker neurons, bursting neurons and neural networks with periodic outputs). The experiment of phase shifts resulting from discrete perturbation of stable biological rhythms was developed by Perkel and coworkers (Perkel et al., 1964). By these methods, they could get important insights into the entrainment behaviors of biological rhythms. Phase response curves, which are measured in these experiments, can be classified into two types. The one is the curve with one mapping degree (Type 1), and the other is that with zero mapping degree (Type 0) (Winfree, 1970). We define the phase response curve mathematically, and explain the difference between these two types by the homotopy theory. Moreover, we prove that, if a Type 0 curve is obtained at a certain magnitude of perturbation, there exists at least one lower magnitude for which the phase response curve cannot be measured. Some applications of these theoretical results are presented. PMID- 708804 TI - Anistropic connectivity and cooperative phenomena as a basis for orientation sensitivity in the visual cortex. AB - A computer simulation model of the neural circuity underlying orientation sensitivity in cortical neurons is examined. The model consists of a network of 3000 neurons divided into two functionally distinct cell types: excitatory (E cells) and inhibitory (I-cells). We demonstrate that both orientation sensitivity and shape selectivity can be accounted for by making the following assumptions: 1) thalamic afferents to a sheet of cortical neurons are retinotopically organized; 2) thalamic afferents come from a single neuron, or at most a few neurons, in the lateral geniculate nucleus; 3) cortical activity is cooperative, i.e. largely dependent on intracortical connections, some of which have anisotropies along directions parallel to the pial surface. Anisotropies are specified only by the distribution of cells which are postsynaptic to a particular neuron, without specifying the axonal or dendritic contributions. In this paper, orientation sensitivity arises through cooperative interactions among neurons having anisotropic excitatory, and isotropic inhibitory connections. PMID- 708807 TI - [Hemolytic activity of erythrocytes following exposure of animals to bee venom]. PMID- 708806 TI - [Functional state of the blood anticoagulating system following introduction of acetylsalicylic acid into the body]. PMID- 708808 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on tissue respiration in different parts of the rat brain]. PMID- 708809 TI - [Use of pharmacologic substances and instrumental reflex methods to analyze the nature of the self stimulation reaction]. PMID- 708810 TI - Psychopathy and electrodermal responses to nonsignal stimulation. AB - Electrodermal activity was monitored while 64 prison inmates were presented with a random series of fast and slow rise-time tones ranging in intensity from 80 to 120dB. The inmates were divided into groups on the basis of global ratings of psychopathy and scores on the Socialization (Os) scale. The group considered to be most psychopathic (high ratings of psychopathy and low So scores) gave smaller skin conductance responses than did the other groups, but only to the 120dB tones. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopaths are electrodermally hyporesponsive to intense nonsignal stimuli. High ratings of psychopathy were associated with slow recovery of the skin conductance response, but only with the 120dB fast rise-time tones, and only in the left hand. PMID- 708811 TI - Development of bidirectional operant modifications of the cephalic vasomotor response employing a positive reinforcer. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the effectiveness of a positive reinforcer in the bidirectional operant conditioning of the cephalic vasomotor response and to study the development, across sessions, of operant control over this response. To this end, 24 male, Caucasian subjects participated in five daily sessions (two shaping sessions and three operant control sessions) during which they were reinforced for producing either vasodilations (N = 12) or vasoconstrictions (N = 12) of the temporal artery. The results clearly demonstrated that the cephalic vascular responses can be brought under some degree of operant control employing a positive reinforcement paradigm and further that such control over cephalic vasoconstriction developed more rapidly than did operant control of cephalic vasodilation. Some evidence is presented to support a cognitive mediation effect. PMID- 708812 TI - Physiological response patterning in short--and long--term heart rate control training. AB - The present investigation assessed the physiological response patterns which accompany heart-rate control performance, both early and late in training. Six subjects were employed who received six heart-rate control training sessions, half of which were speeding sessions and half of which were slowing. Heart rate, skin resistance, frontalis EMG, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and respiration rate were continuously recorded throughout all training sessions. Results indicated that the physiological response topography during heart-rate control performance changes from early to late training. Moreover, the changes are different for speeding and slowing performance, suggesting the involvement of different underlying physiological mechanisms in the two tasks. PMID- 708813 TI - Interhemispheric asymmetries in the visual evoked response: effects of stimulus lateralisation and task. AB - VER's were elicited by briefly presented lateralised letters in two experiments. In experiment 1 the subjects engaged in verbal processing of the letters and in experiment 2 they engaged in visuospatial processing. In both experiments the latencies of the first two components of the VER's were consistent with previous findings and with the anatomy of the retino-cortical visual pathways. The pattern of hemisphere asymmetries of the amplitudes of the middle and late components differed in the two experiments in that (i) in the second experiment the amplitude of the middle component from the left hemisphere did not vary with field of stimulus presentation although this was the case in the first experiment and (ii) a hemisphere asymmetry (left greater than right) was observed in the late component only in the second experiment. The results are interpreted as evidence of difference in the cerebral processing of the stimuli in respect of the task demands of the two experiments. PMID- 708814 TI - Circadian variation in performance, subjective sleepiness, sleep, and oral temperature during an altered sleep-wake schedule. AB - The effect of an altered sleep-wake schedule on the interrelation of oral temperature, performance, and sleepiness was studied in 38 male Naval volunteers who maintained a 60 min treatment--160 min testing schedule for 40 consecutive hrs. During the 60 min treatment portion of each epoch, 8 subjected napped, 10 subjects exercised, and 20 subjects rested in bed. Sleep measures (for the nap subjects), oral temperature, performance on several tests, and Stanford Sleepiness Scale ratings were obtained at 10 equidistant intervals throughout the 40-hr period. Within-subject correlations showed that minimum oral temperature was significantly associated with maximum nap sleep time, errors on a vigilance task, and sleepiness ratings. In the nap subjects, errors and sleepiness ratings were highest following naps with high total sleep time, suggesting that sleep was detrimental to immediately subsequent performance and alertness. The distribution and interrelation of temperature, errors, and sleepiness, however, was similar in the three groups; this indicated that the synchronous circadian variation in these measures was responsible for the apparent detrimental effect of sleep in the nap subjects. When the diurnal effect was removed by holding time of day constant, the correlations among the variables fell to near-zero, indicating no causal relationship among the variables independent of the circadian rhythm. PMID- 708815 TI - The relationship between the amplitude and the recovery half-time of the skin conductance response. PMID- 708816 TI - Magnetic relaxation analysis of dynamic processes in macromolecules in the pico- to microsecond range. AB - A formalism based on the theory of Markov processes and suitable for the analysis of multiple internal motions in macromolecules is presented. Computer calculations of specific motional models for (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, treated as special cases of the proposed formalism, demonstrate the potential of this approach for discriminating between different motional models on the basis of NMR relaxation data. PMID- 708817 TI - New electric field methods in chemical relaxation spectrometry. AB - New stationary relaxation methods for the investigation of ionic and dipolar equilibria are presented. The methods are based on the measurement of non linearities in conductance and permittivity under high electric field conditions. The chemical contributions to the nonlinear effects are discussed in their static as well as their dynamic behavior. A sampling of experimental results shows the potential and range of possible applications of the new techniques. It is shown that these methods will become useful in the study of nonlinear responses to perturbation, in view of the general applicability of the experimental principles involved. PMID- 708819 TI - Hapten-linked conformational equilibria in immunolglobulins XRPC-24 and J-539 observed by chemical relaxation. AB - The interaction of oligogalactan haptens with the murine myeloma proteins XRPC-24 and J-539 has been investigated by the fluorescence temperature-jump method. The relaxation spectrum is composed of two processes, the faster representing hapten assocaition and the slower a protein isomerization. In both cases the concentration dependence of relaxation times and amplitudes was consistent with the general mechanism formulated by Lancet and Pecht (1976, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73:3549), in which the equilibrium between two conformations of the protein is shifted by hapten binding. The intact proteins and their Fab fragment had identical kinetic behavior, indicating that the conformational changes are located in the Fab region. Temperature dependence analysis for protein J-539 permitted the calculation of activation parameters and led to a consistent energy profile for all the elementary steps. The conformational states are separated by large activation barriers, but have similar free energies. The results suggest that hapten-induced conformational changes in immunoglobulins are more general phenomena than was previously thought. PMID- 708818 TI - Response of acetylcholine receptors to photoisomerizations of bound agonist molecules. AB - In these experiments, agonist-induced conductance is measured while a sudden perturbation is produced at the agonist-receptor binding site. A voltage-clamped Electrophorus electroplaque is exposed to trans-Bis-Q, a potent agonist. Some channels are open; these receptors have bound agonist molecules. A light flash isomerizes 3(-35)% of the trans-Bis-Q molecules to their cis form, a far poorer agonist. This causes a rapid decrease of membrane conductance (phase 1), followed by a slower increase (phase 2). Phase 1 has the amplitude and wavelength dependence expected if the channel closes within 100 mus after a single bound trans-Bis-Q is isomerized, and if the photochemistry of bound Bis-Q resembles that in solution. Therefore, the receptor channel responds rapidly, and with a hundred-fold greater closing rate, after this change in the structure of a bound ligand. Phase 2 (the conductance increase) seems to represent the relaxation back toward equilibrium after phase 1, because (a) phase 2 has the same time constant (1(-5) ms) as a voltage- or concentration-jump relaxation under identical conditions; and (b) phase 2 is smaller if the flash has led to a net decrease in (trans-Bis-Q). Still slower signals follow: phase 3, a decrease of conductance (time constant 5(-10 ms); and phase 4, an equal and opposite increase (several seconds). Phase 3 is abolished by curare and does not depend on the history of the membrane voltage. We consider several mechanisms for phases 3 and 4. PMID- 708820 TI - The rate of entry of dioxygen and carbon monoxide into myoglobin. AB - The model for carbon monoxide or dioxygen recombination with heme proteins developed by the group at the University of Illinois is reexamined. We propose that the carbon monoxide or dioxygen molecule enters the protein at essentially a diffusion-limited rate determined by the solvent viscosity and that the protein offers no important barriers to this entry. The viscosity dependence of the entry rate k(ED), its magnitude (1 x 10(10) M(-1)s(-1), and the rate of quenching of triplet states of protoprophyrin IX in apomyoglobin by dioxygen are used as supporting evidence. Comparison is made to the model of a fluctuating protein developed by G. Weber. PMID- 708821 TI - Single cell observations of gas reactions and shape changes in normal and sickling erythrocytes. AB - Microspectrophotometry has been applied to single red blood cells to reinvestigate the linked processes of diffusion of gases inside the erythrocyte and their combination with hemoglobin. The experiments took advantage of the photosensitivity of the cabron monoxide derivative of hemoglobin, which allows ligand release from the CO-saturated red cells under strong illumination and recombination when the light is switched off. The photochemical method was also used to study the kinetics of sickling on ligand removal in single erythrocytes of Hb S carriers. The results give new information on the mechanism of the sickling process. PMID- 708822 TI - Nanosecond relaxation processes in liposomes. PMID- 708823 TI - Some problems concerning mixers and detectors for stopped flow kinetic studies. PMID- 708824 TI - Detection of hindered rotations of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in lipid bilayers by differential polarized phase fluorometry. AB - Differential polarized phase fluorometry has been used to investigate the depolarizing motions of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) in the isotropic solvent propylene glycol and in lipid bilayers of dimyristoyl-L-alpha phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dipalmitoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and other phosphatidylcholines. Differential phase fluorometry is the measurement of differences in the phase angles between the parallel and perpendicular components of the fluorescence emission of a sample excited with sinusoidally modulated light. The maximum value of the tangent of the phase angle (tan Delta(max)) is known to be a function of the isotropy of the depolarizing motions. For DPH in propylene glycol the maximum tangent is observed at 18 degrees C, and this tangent value corresponds precisely with the value expected for an isotropic rotator. Additionally, the rotational rates determined by steady-state polarization measurements are in precise agreement with the differential phase measurements. These results indicate that differential phase fluorometry provides a reliable measure of the probe's rotational rate under conditions where these rotations are isotropic and unhindered.Rotational rates of DPH obtained from steady-state polarization and differential phase measurements do not agree when this probe is placed in lipid bilayers. The temperature profile of the tan Delta measurements of DPH in DMPC and DPPC bilayers is characterized by a rapid increase of tan Delta at the transition temperature (T(c)), followed by a gradual decline in tan Delta at temperatures above T(c). The observed tanDelta(max) values are only 62 and 43% of the theoretical maximum. This defect in tanDelta(max) is too large to be explained by any degree of rotational anisotropy. However, these defects are explicable by a new theory that describes the tan Delta values under conditions where the probe's rotational motions are restricted to a limiting anisotropy value, r(infinity). Theoretical calculations using this new theory indicate that the temperature dependence of the depolarizing motions of DPH in these saturated bilayers could be explained by a rapid increase in its rotational rate (R) at the transition temperature, coupled with a simultaneous decrease in r(infinity) at this same temperature. The sensitivity of the tan Delta values to both R and r(infinity) indicates that differential phase fluorometry will provide a method to describe more completely the depolarizing motion of probes in lipid bilayers. PMID- 708825 TI - Creation of a nonequilibrium state in sodium channels by a step change in electric field. PMID- 708826 TI - High-frequency dielectric spectroscopy of concentrated membrane suspensions. PMID- 708827 TI - Subnanosecond fluorescence lifetimes by time-correlated single photon counting using synchronously pumped dye laser excitation. PMID- 708829 TI - Contractile deactivation by rapid, microwave-induced temperature jumps. PMID- 708828 TI - The structure of the retinylidene chromophore in bathorhodopsin. AB - Resonance Raman data on bathorhodopsin (bovine and squid) at 95,77, and 4 degrees K support a mechanism of excitation proposed by Lewis in which both a protein conformational transition and chromophore structural alteration to a "dicisoid" configuration are required to generate the bathorhodopsin species observed in steady-state photostationary mixtures. However, these results also suggest that the molecular structure with a red-shifted chromophore absorption detected at room temperatures in 1 ps using picosecond absorption spectroscopy may not necessarily have the same chromophore conformation as the steady-state bathorhodopsin species. PMID- 708830 TI - Dissociation rate of serum albumin-fatty acid complex from stop-flow dielectric study of ligand exchange. PMID- 708831 TI - Time-resolved resonance Raman characterization of the intermediates of bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 708832 TI - Studies on proteins and tRNA with transient electric birefringence. PMID- 708833 TI - Metal ion interactions with fluorescent derivatives of nucleotides. PMID- 708834 TI - Rupture diaphragmless apparatus for pressure-jump relaxation measurement. PMID- 708835 TI - Probing ultrafast biological processes by picosecond spectroscopy. AB - A brief discussion of the initial events leading to the visual transduction process will be presented to illustrate the capabilities of picosecond spectroscopy. PMID- 708836 TI - Application of pulse radiolysis to the study of proteins: chymotrypsin and trypsin. AB - The one-electron reduction of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and their zymogens have been studied by pulse radiolysis. The optical spectra of the transient products from the two active enzymes display a pH-dependent band at 360 nm, associated with the histidine-electron adduct. The yield of the histidyl radical as a function of pH is consistent with a pK(a) less than 4.5, which suggests that the radical is located at the enzyme active site. The histidines of the proenzymes chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen are unreactive towards the hydrated electron. We conclude that formation of the histidine-electron adduct at the serine protease active site is sensitive to the physical alterations which accompany protease activation. PMID- 708837 TI - Photo-initiated ion formation from octaethyl-porphyrin and its zinc chelate as a model for electron transfer in reaction centers. AB - Ion formation from the reaction of triplet (T) and ground state (P) octaethyl porphyrin (OEP) and zinc octaethyl porphyrin (ZnOEP) and the corresponding cross reactions have been measured in dry acetonitrile. A uniquely sensitive and fast conductance apparatus and a pulsed dye laser allowed the measurements to be made at the necessarily very low concentrations of T. The hemogeneous reaction of T (ZnOEP) and P (ZnOEP) occurs with rat constant k(1) = 2.0 x 10(8) M(-1)s(-1) and an ion yield of 67%. The similar homogeneous reaction of OEP has k(2) = 1.3 x 10(8)M(-1)s(-1) but an ion yield of only 3%. The cross-reaction of T (OEP) with P (ZnOEP) has k(3) = 1.5 x 10(8) M(-1)s(-1) and an ion yield of 27%, while the inverse cross-reaction of T (ZnOEP) with P (OEP) has k(4) = 3 x 10(8) M(-1)s(-1) and an ion yield of 20%. Thus, the rate constants are only slightly affected but the yields are sensitive to the porphyrin. The possible formation of the heterogeneous ions ZnOEP+ + OEP-, thermodynamically favored by 0.3 V over the homogeneous ions, has little influence on the observed yields. The data are explained by electron transfer and Coulomb field-electon spin-controlled escape of the initial ion-pair. PMID- 708838 TI - A picosecond pulse train study of exciton dynamics in photosynthetic membranes. AB - The fluorescence decay time of spinach chloroplasts at 77 degrees K was determined at 735 nm (corresponding to the photosystem I emission) using a train of 10-ps laser pulses spaced 10 ns apart. The fluorescence lifetime is constant at congruent to 1.5 ns for up to the fourth pulse, but then decreases with increasing pulse number within the pulse train. This quenching is attributed to triplet excited states, and it is concluded that triplet excitons exhibit a time lag of about 50 ns in diffusing from light harvesting antenna pigments to photosystem I pigments. The diffusion coefficient of triplet excitons is a least 300--400 times slower than the diffusion coefficient of singlet excitons in chloroplast membranes. PMID- 708839 TI - Voltage-induced changes in the conductivity of erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 708840 TI - Picosecond photodissociation and subsequent recombination processes in carboxyhemoglobin, carboxymyoglobin, and oxymyoglobin. PMID- 708841 TI - Carboxylation kinetics of hemoglobin and myoglobin: linear transient response to step perturbation by laser photolysis. PMID- 708842 TI - Studies of the activation of yeast enolase by metals using a "transition state analogue". PMID- 708843 TI - Scanning molecular sieve chromatography of interacting protein systems. Effect of kinetic parameters on the large zone boundary profiles for local equilibration between mobile and stationary phases. PMID- 708844 TI - Recording of fast biochemical reactions using a logarithmic time sweep. PMID- 708845 TI - Kinetics of association and dissociation phenomena in human hemoglobin studied in a laser light-scattering stopped-flow device. PMID- 708846 TI - Extending the wavelength range of fundamental laser sources. PMID- 708847 TI - An inexpensive microcomputer-based stopped-flow data acquisition system. AB - A low-cost (less than $2,500) microcomputer-controlled data acquisition system for use with a stopped-flow instrument is described. Data acquisition, reduction, signal averaging, kinetic modeling, and plotting are performed under software control. Applications to biological and inorganic systems are presented. PMID- 708848 TI - Picosecond fluorometry in primary events of photosynthesis. AB - Many laboratories in different countries are involved in the study of the mechanism of conversion of light energy into chemical energy, namely photosynthesis. As is evident from the literature, the initial phases of photosynthesis, which determine the character of this process, proceed at time intervals of 10(-8) and 10(-13) s. They are associated with absorption of light quanta and energy transfer from the molecules of light-harvesting antenna (LHA) chlorophyll and accesory pigments to the reaction centers (RC), where the key reaction of photosynthesis occurs: photo-induced charge separation. Evidently it is of importance to study experimentally the process that occurs within the 10( 8) -10(-13)s time domain. PMID- 708849 TI - Fluorescence depolarization studies of conformation changes in pyrene-butyryl fumarase. PMID- 708850 TI - Nonaqueous solutions of DNA: a dilatometric study. PMID- 708851 TI - 1-N-Acetylspermidine: occurrence in normal human serum. AB - Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry following derivatization (N trifluoroacetylation), 1-N-acetylspermidine was found to occur in normal human serum at a level of approximately 0.008--0.5 nmol ml(-1), i.e. about two orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding spermidine level. No evidence for the occurrence in serum of the isomeric 8-N-acetylspermidine was found. Mass spectra of authentic samples of trifluoroactylated 1-N- and 8-N-acetylspermidine are presented. PMID- 708852 TI - Field desorption mass spectrometric analysis of organic compound residues in the environment. I--Organochlorine insecticides. AB - Field desorption mass spectrometry is applied to the positive identification of organochlorine insecticides and their related compounds residing in field soil environment. Additionally, standard field desorption mass spectra of these compounds are presented. Soil samples were collected in lettuce and spinach fields, and insecticides were extracted, cleaned up, and separated with thin layer chromatography. Residue levels were measured by injecting the extract into a gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. Residues of p,p' DDT and dieldrin in field soil samples were clearly identified by field desorption mass spectrometry using the emitter dipping method. Moreover, mixed residues of these insecticides were simultaneously confirmed. However, residues of insecticides and their related compounds other than p,p'-DDT and dieldrin could not be characterized. All spectra of standard showed prominent [M].+, [M(35Cl(n-1), 37Cl)].+ and [M(35Cl(n-2, 37Cl2)].+ ions, and the [M(35Cl(n-1), 37Cl)].+ ion was the base peak in all spectra obtained. PMID- 708853 TI - Electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry of steroidal spirolactones. AB - Electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectra are reported for several steroidal spirolactones and their TMS ethers. The electron impact spectra were characterized generally by low abundance molecular ions and large numbers of fragment ions. Methane chemical ionization spectra exhibited high intensity [M+H]+ and/or [M+H-H2O]+ or [M+H-TMSOH]+ ions with few other fragment ions. Ammonia chemical ionization spectra had intense [M+H]+ and/or [M+NH4]+ ions with a few fragment ions generally formed by loss of H2O or TMSOH from these parent ions. Ammonia chemical ionization gave intense parent ions even for polyhydroxy compounds and their TMS ethers in contrast to methane chemical ionization. The results of this study suggest that a combination of electron impact with ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry would offer the best techniques for detection and identification of these compounds in biological fluids. PMID- 708854 TI - New derivatives of prostaglandin A1 and specific detection of prostaglandin A's and 190hydroxylated prostaglandin A's in human semen. AB - The derivatization of prostaglandins of the A series with 1:1 mixtures of bis (trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and nitrogen-containing non-aromatic heterocyclics such as piperidine, pyrrolidine, morpholine and hexamethylenimine (1--4 h at 60--70 degrees C) gives new types of derivatives, designated as 11 heterocycle, 9-enol PGA (TMS)3. These derivatives show very simplified and characteristic mass spectral patterns strikingly dominated by a common [M-173]+ fragment ion and easily detectable by selected ion monitoring. This feature allows the concurrent analytical detection of both prostaglandin A's and 19 hydroxy prostaglandin A's in biological samples. In this case 2 ml samples of human semen were extracted by direct ultrafiltration on a Pellicon membrane with a nominal molecular weight limit of 1000. The prostaglandins in the approximately or equal to 1.6 ml of ultrafiltrate thus obtained were recovered in ethyl acetate, derivatized as indicated above and detected by monitoring of the corresponding [M-173]+ ions. PMID- 708855 TI - Determination of lithium in microlitre amounts of human body fluids at therapeutic and normal levels by stable isotope dilution and field desorption mass spectrometry. AB - The use of field desorption mass spectrometry for the determination of lithium in body fluids at therapeutic levels--ppm region--as well as at the normal level- ppb region--has been developed. The use of a stable isotope enriched internal standard, together with the outstanding sensitivity of field desorption for alkali cations and the high specificity of mass spectrometry, allows a quantitative determination of lithium in microlitre amounts of body fluids, such as plasma, saliva and urine. The assay allows a determination of lithium even at ultratrace concentrations where routine spectroscopic procedures cannot be applied. Analysis of plasma required a simple protein precipitation, whereas saliva and urine could be analysed without treatment. The precision of the data obtained ranged from 2--10%. The time consumption for one analysis in routine work is about 20--30 min. PMID- 708856 TI - A selected ion monitoring method for the determination of pethidine and norpethidine in plasma. Comparison with a gas chromatographic method using electron capture detection. AB - An analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of pethidine and norpethidine in plasma by selected ion monitoring is described. The method has a capacity of 15--20 analyses per hour and can be used to determine pethidine and norpethidine down to 25 ng ml(-1) and 5 ng ml(-1), respectively. The selected ion monitoring method has been compared with a method based on electron capture detection after analysis of pethidine and norpethidine in spiked plasma samples and in plasma from patients. The two methods are capable of performing selective and accurate determinations of pethidine and norpethidine, in the concentration ranges obtained in man after a single therapeutic dose of pethidine. PMID- 708857 TI - Mass spectral studies on prostaglandins. V--Deuterated analogues of prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - In order to check the fragmentation mechanisms proposed in the preceding paper of this series the mass spectral behaviour of some deuterated analogues of prostaglandin F2alpha have been studied. In general, the investigation of these compounds confirmed the previous assumptions and shed light on some further details of the fragmentation pathways. PMID- 708858 TI - Metabolic N-oxidation of 3-substituted pyridines: identification of products by mass spectrometry. AB - The mass spectral characteristics of the N-oxides of a range of 3-substituted pyridines, and of quinoline and isoquinoline, are described. The molecular ion is the base peak in the majority of cases, provided that thermolysis is minimized when using the direct probe or gas chromatography inlets. Chromatographic and mass spectral evidence is presented which indicates that biological oxidation of the heteroaromatic nitrogen of 3-substituted pyridines is a route of metabolism in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 708859 TI - Selected metastable peak monitoring: a new specific technique in quantitative gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - Using the combined electrostatic analyser-magnet scan facility of a double focusing mass spectrometer, the daughter ion peak for the fragmentation, [M-57]+ leads to [M-57-76]+, of a 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl ether was monitored during gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The detection limit was approximately 20 pg. The steroid was detected by this method in an extract of human blood plasma. PMID- 708861 TI - Efficiency of microbial growth in biomass production. PMID- 708860 TI - Dissimilatory nitrate reduction by liquid membrane encapsulated cell-free extracts and whole cells of Micrococcus denitrificans. AB - The combination of Sephadex G-15 and ion-exchange resin columns allows one-step desalting and separation of cellodextrins using water as the sole eluent. The column apparatus described in this paper has the potential of producing up to 3 g cellodextrins in one day. In addition, the columns described are stable and do not require repacking or regeneration after each run. Hence the potential exists for scaling up this system for even greater production of cellodextrins if need be. PMID- 708862 TI - [Effect of feeding on the activity of duodenal smooth muscle in dogs]. AB - The electric activity of the duodenum smooth muscles was investigated with chronically implanted electrodes. This activity after feeding was compared with that in fasting during the time equal to the period of rest and the active period of the duodenum in fasting. The number of pacesetter potentials was identical during digestion and fasting. The number of spike potentials was significantly different during these compared states. The relationship of the "digestive" and "hungry" electrical activities of the duodenum depended both on the compared type of potential and on the compared time periods. Apparently the optimum of the "digestive" function of the duodenum smooth muscles consists in the fact that this activity fluctuates within a definite range--between the maximum level (during the active period) and the minimum one (during the period of rest, i.e. fasting). PMID- 708863 TI - [Activity in the myelinated fibers of a cat cutaneous nerve in response to cooling]. AB - The afferent activation in cat cutaneous nerve fibres in response to cooling was analyzed using the collision method and the method improving the signal-to-noise ratio in the antidromic action potential neurogram. It was found that the nerve fibres of groups Adelta1 and Adelta2 were activated under cutaneous receptors cooling. The activity of a small group of nerve fibres with conduction velocity 13.0--7.5 m/s was inhibited in response to cooling. A group of "mixed" fibres inhibited mainly its activity, but only an insignificant part of these fibres activated in response to cutaneous receptors cooling. PMID- 708865 TI - [Heat release and body temperature of white rats in the presence of increased oxygen tension]. AB - Experiments were conducted on bodies warmed under constant regimen imitating animals; the effect of hyperoxybaria at 1.2--4.0 atmospheres on the heat flow (HF) from them and their temperature was studied. An increase of the recorded HF with its subsequent progressive decrease during the continuing exposure to high gas pressure was revealed. At the same time a fall of the bodies' temperature was observed; this indicated an increased heat loss. The periods of gas compression and decompression were accompanied by a marked increase and decrease of the HF, respectively. In experiments on albino rats alterations in the HF level under compression and decompression were less, and the HF level during the hyperbaria remained almost constant; the rectal and subcutaneous temperature showed no statistically significant difference from the original one. It is suggested that this may be the result of the thermogenesis rise. PMID- 708864 TI - [Alteration of the antigenic properties of the synaptic membrane proteins of rat cerebral cortex during learning]. AB - Rabbit antisera to the synaptic membrane fraction (SMF) of the cerebral hemispheres of control rats and animals with conditioned avoidance behaviour, reacting with the corresponding antigens in the complement fixation test, were obtained. Antibodies reacting specifically with the SMF of the brain of trained animals were revealed in the "trained" serum after the removal of antibodies to heterologous antigens and to the control SMF antigens. PMID- 708866 TI - [Glycogen metabolism in ischemic organs]. AB - Acute ischemia was created by placing a tourniquet on the extremity or on a clamp on the kidney limb for a period corresponding to the critical metabolism level in the test tissue study. Restoration of circulation in the ischemic kidney led to the excessive accumulation of glucose high-molecular polymer of the glycogen type. The character of its branching in the molecule determined by the iodine complex spectrum pointed to the changes in the processes of glycogen biosynthesis. Lactate of the ischemic kidney could be used for the glycogenesis requirements. This anomalous glycogen was shown to be actively uptaken by the kidney tissue. Glycogen accumulation in the muscle tissue following acute ischemia failed to exceed the normal level, and its structure was unchanged. PMID- 708867 TI - [Experimental analysis of the humoral mechanism of microcirculatory disorders following thermal and mechanical traumatic shock in experiments on parabiotic rats]. AB - In experiments on parabiotic rats with crossed circulation and separate innervation mechanical or burn trauma of one of the partners was followed by shock-like condition of the other one, and by microcirculatory changes in the mesentery typical of burn or traumatic shock. It shows that in burn shock, as well as in traumatic one, the detected changes in microcirculation are due to humoral, but not to neural factors. PMID- 708868 TI - [Effect of cerebral ischemia on the metabolism of individual lipid fractions]. AB - Ninety minutes after ligation of common carotid arteries a decrease of the metabolism intensity both of the total phospholipids (PL) and of their different fractions was nearly the same. In the diencephalon reduction of the metabolic rate of the total PL was accounted for by metabolic depression of phosphatidylcholine and phosphoinositide fractions only. PMID- 708869 TI - [Effect of artificial gravitational force in space flight on the concentration of water soluble proteins in nerve tissue structures]. AB - The content of water-soluble proteins in the grey and white matter of the spinal cord, spinal ganglia, and the sensory-motor area of the large hemispheres of the brain of rats after a 18.5-day space flight was measured. The content of water soluble proteins in the grey and white matter of the spinal cord and spinal ganglia of rats exposed to weightlessness showed a significant decrease 4.5--9.5 hours postflight. The water-soluble protein content in the white matter of the spinal cord diminished in rats exposed to artificial gravity inflight. The water soluble proteins content in the grey matter of the spinal cord of rats exposed to weightlessness increased significantly 25 days postflight. The content of water soluble proteins in the grey matter of the cortex of the sensory-motor area of the large hemispheres of the brain of rats exposed to weightlessness and artificial gravity remained unchanged in comparison with the vivarium controls both 4.5--9.5 hours and 25 days postflight. PMID- 708870 TI - [Structuro-functional changes in dog liver and regional lymph node lysosomes in toxic hepatitis]. AB - Structural and functional changes in the dog liver and regional lymph nodes lysosomes were studied during toxic hepatitis induced by CCl4 administration (single and repeated). Total activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid RNA-ase and beta galactosidase) was higher in the regional lymph nodes than in the liver, reflecting the barrier, protective function of the organ. During acute toxic hepatitis the specific activities of acid RNA-ase and cathepsin D displayed a sharp rise. No normalization of the indices under study occurred during the observation period (from 8 to 30 days). At the same time there was a rise of the regional lymph node weight and an elevation of the relative macrophage and neutrophil content in the sinuses. The increased activity of the lysosome enzymes in the regional lymph nodes in injury of the liver was connected with greater functional load on the lymph nodes effecting hydrolysis of biopolymeres which penetrated into the regional lymphatic node with the lymph. PMID- 708871 TI - [Effect of cocaine molecule fragments on the central nervous system]. AB - The influence of ecgonine, tropine, tropinon, and some of their derivatives, propan, N-methylpyrrholidine, N-methylpiperidine on impulse summation in the central nervous system, conditioned reflex of avoidance, antagonism to hexenal, synergisim to cocaine and also their toxicity (LD50) have been studied under experimental conditions. As shown, benzoyl-ecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, ecgonine, tropine, pseudotropine, carbomethoxytropinon, tropinon, tropine, tropan N-methylpyrrolidine, and N-methylpiperidine produced a pronounced stimulating effect on the central nervous system activity; in this respect they were similar to cocaine. The following conclusions were made: the substances whose molecules contained tropan structure or one of its fragments possess the central stimulating effect. The stimulating effect of cocaine on the central nervous system could be due to the tropan fragment of its molecule. PMID- 708872 TI - [Effect of methylapogalanthamine on the tone of cerebral, extracranial and peripheral vessels]. AB - It was established in acute experiments on anesthetised and nonanesthetised cats by means of resistography that methylapogalanthamine decreased the total arterial pressure, the tone of cerebral vessels, extracranial and femoral vessels. The effect of the latter was more pronounced. A two-phase reaction (dilatation constriction) was not rare. Methylapogalanthamine diminished the constriction reaction of intra- and extracranial vessels in response to st mulation of the cervical sympathetic nerves. The vasodilator action of methylapogalanthamine was enhanced by anesthesia and decreased by rausedyl. PMID- 708873 TI - [Effect of reversible inhibitors on the reaction capacity of functional portions of the active center of acetylcholinesterase]. AB - The effect of galanthamine, tacrine, and oxazyl (ambenomum) on human red cells acetylcholinesterase phosphorylation by armine and Gd-42 (o-ethyl-s-beta ethylthioethyl ester of methylthiophosphinic acid) was studied. In the presence of galanthamine phosphororganic inhibitors interacted only with the active center of the enzyme, the anionic site of which was not occupied by the reversible inhibitor. Tacrine and oxazyl decreased the reactivity of the free enzyme and the rate of its phosphorylation. PMID- 708874 TI - [Kinetics of guinea pig taenia coli smooth muscle relaxation. Effect of papaverine and polarization]. AB - Experiments were conducted on isolated strips of the guinea pig taenia coli by the double sucrose gap technique. The effect of papaverins on the relaxation kinetics of the polarized and depolarized smooth muscle after contractions induced by electric stimulation was investigated. Depolarized muscle was stimulated by long-lasting hyperpolarizing pulses; contraction arose in response to the termination of the current pulse (off-response). It was found that: 1) the relaxation phase of the depolarized muscle off-response was slowed down as compared with the relaxation phase of the spontaneous contractions in Krebs solution; 2) papeverine accelerates the relaxation phase of the off-response of the depolarized muscle; 3) papaverine does not accelerate the relaxation phase of the evoked contractions in Krebs solution; 4) hyperpolarization and additional depolarization accelerate the relaxation phase of the off-response of the depolarized muscle; 5) hyperpolarization does not accelerate the relaxation phase of the off-response of the depolarized papaverine-treated muscle. The data obtained suggest the existence of the slow electroexcitable calcium channels in the membrane of the smooth muscle cells blocked by papaverine. The calcium influx through these channels slows down the relaxation phase of the depolarized muscle off-response. PMID- 708875 TI - [Comparative findings on the stability of plasmid resistance to antibiotics in vitro and in vivo]. AB - The authors carried out comparative study of the incidence of spontaneous plasmide-negative variants occurrence in the S. aureus 8325phi IIde population developing under various conditions in vitro and in vivo. The mean percentage of such variants in the population developing in vitro constituted 0.9 +/- 0.2 in broth, 1.2 +/- 0.3 in the exudate, 6.3 +/- 2.0 in the population developing in vivo in the subcutaneous purulent-inflammatory focus, 9.5 +/- 2.6 in the kidneys. The mean percentage of plasma-negative variants in the purulent exudate in vivo was significantly greater than in the purulent exudate in vitro. The incidence of negative variants occurrence in vivo depended on the macroorganism properties. PMID- 708876 TI - [Increase in the content of thymus hormone sensitive rosette-forming cell precursors in the spleen of mice vaccinated against smallpox]. AB - Smallpox vaccine injection to 2-month-old C57BL/6j female mice caused during the first days significant rise in the number of precursor cells of rosette-forming lymphocytes, sensitive to the differentiating thymus extract effect. The number of these cells returned to the normal level by the 10th day after vaccination. PMID- 708877 TI - [Carcinogenicity of orthoaminoazotoluene for mouse intestines]. AB - Carcinogenic activity of orthoaminoazotoluene in relation to intestinal tissues of A/He mice was revealed. Intestinal tumours developed in 19 of 60 mice given this carcinogen; the tumours were localized in the cecum and represented adenomas and adenocarcinomas secreting mucus. PMID- 708878 TI - [Characteristics of the mitotic cycle of cells during the terminal stage of development of ascitic hepatoma 22A]. AB - The authors studied growth peculiarities of the ascitic hepatoma 22A at the terminal stage of development. As shown by the autoradiography method, some of the cells could be at the G1-period or at the R1-period for 2 or even 4 days; the average duration of the G2-period constituted 16 hours. 55--60% of the cells were at the much prolonged G1- and R1-period, 7%--at the S-period, and 9%--at the G2 period. The rest 25--30% of cells apparently leave the mitotic cycle irreversibly since they take no part in proliferation after the division stimulation. PMID- 708879 TI - [Effect of physical training on restoration of rat liver following partial hepatectomy]. AB - Swimming training of rats led to a change of functional condition of hepatocytes accompanied by the changes in nuclei distribution by classes of DNA ploidity. The blood sugar level and glycogen content in the liver of trained rats were much greater than in the untrained animals 20 and 48 hours after partial hepatectomy. Reparative regeneration following partial hepatectomy in trained rats was characterized by a peculiar distribution of nuclei by classes of DNA ploidity and by entrance into the synthesis of diploid nuclei only, 20 hours after the operation. PMID- 708880 TI - [Effect of extracts of different origin on primary cultures of cells from inbred mice]. AB - The effect of allogeneic and syngeneic extracts from inbred male and female mouse spleens on the primary culture of fibroblasts obtained from subcutaneous connective tissue of CBA and C57BL/6j female mouse fetus was studied. Cytotoxic and growth-inhibiting effect on the cultures increased successively in using extracts from the tissues of syngeneic male mice, allogeneic female and male mice. Consequently, an increase in the degree of antigenic differences of the target=cells and extracts led to enhancement of the allogeneic inhibition phenomenon. For the first time it was shown that in the syngeneic system the extracts from male mouse tissues (containing weak H-Y antigen) exerted a cytotoxic action on the inbred female mouse cells, i.e. caused reaction similar to allogeneic inhibition. PMID- 708881 TI - [Autoradiographic study of stimulation of RNA synthesis in fibroblasts]. AB - The rate of uridine-5 3H incorporation into the skin-muscle wound fibroblasts of control and experimental animals, and also into the fibroblasts of flocculent connective tissue of intact animals was studied. The character of incorporation and distribution of the isotope in the nuclei and cytoplasm in the flocculent connective tissue fibroblasts differed in intact mice from those in the wound fibroblasts only by intensity. Potassium orotate RNA synthesis stimulation in the fibroblast nuclei closely correlated with the increased rate and intensity of the labeled RNA passage from the cell nuclei to the sites of collagen synthesis. PMID- 708883 TI - [Organ cultures of embryonal rat brain tissue (hippocampal area) in a study of the transplacental effect of nitrosoethylurea]. AB - The transplacental action of nitrosoethylurea (NEU) was studied in organic cultures of the embryonic rat brain tissue (the hyppocampus region). The brain tissue proved to be highly sensitive to NEU. This was expressed in a greater survival of the experimental cultures in comparison with the control and in the appearance of epithelial proliferations of the vascular plexus resembling, in individual cases, adenomas. The amount of morphological changes observed in the experiment depended on the carcinogen dose. PMID- 708882 TI - [Migration of hematopoietic stem cells in thermal burns]. AB - Experiments on mice (CBA X C57BL) F1 have shown that a high level of endogenous glucocorticoids in the blood 30 min to 6 hours after burn is accompanied by a 2- 2 1/2-fold decrease of the circulating CFU. At this period CFU migration from the bone marrow area shielded during the irradiation (850 R) is inhibited. The stem cells migration is increased 3--4 days after the burn. PMID- 708884 TI - [Effect of several extreme influences on the submicroscopic organization of rat liver following carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. AB - Submicroscopic structure of parenchymatous cells was investigated in the liver of rats given CCL4 (0.12 ml/100 g body wt) for 25 days. After cessation of this treatment the animals were subjected to the action of extreme stimulants (immobilization or overheating under sunlight or both). CCL4 poisoning led to the appearance of many lipid incorporations in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes serving as the basis for fat infiltration in the liver. The action of extreme factors was followed by accumulation of lipids in the lumina of the granular cytoplasmic reticulum never found in any other pathological conditions, and apparently reflecting profound disturbances of intracellular metabolism. PMID- 708885 TI - [Cytophotometry of DNA in isolated mouse heart myocytes]. AB - Submicroscopic structure of parenchymatous cells was investigated in the liver of rats given CCL4 (0.12 ml/100 g body wt) for 25 days. After cessation of this treatment the animals were subjected to the action of extreme stimulants (immobilization or overheating under sunlight or both). CCL4 poisoning led to the appearance of many lipid incorporations in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes serving as the basis for fat infiltration in the liver. The action of extreme factors was followed by accumulation of lipids in the lumina of the granular cytoplasmic reticulum never found in any other pathological conditions, and apparently reflecting profound disturbances of intracellular metabolism. PMID- 708886 TI - [Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on the shape and surface of erythrocytes (according to observations with transmission and scanning electron microscopes)]. AB - Changes in the surface and intracellular structure of erythrocytes were studied under experimental conditions with consideration to the general morphological blood picture. Hypoxic hypoxia is accompanied by changes of mature erythrocytes and erythroblastic elements of the bone marrow tissue. At the early periods of hypoxia (the 1st-5th day) there is an increase in the count of erythrocytes, their respiratory surface enlarges and hemoglobin content becomes greater. These changes are adaptive. At later periods of hypoxia (the 10th--15th day) there occurs no increase of erythrocyte count, the number of reticulocytes falls, erythroblasts disappear, i.e. erythropoietic bone marrow capacity becomes exhausted and there appear signs of its decompensation. A rise of erythrocyte count and of blood hemoglobin content is the sequence of intensification of the bone marrow series function; this is indicated by the increase of the peripheral blood reticulocyte count and by the appearance of erythroblasts. PMID- 708887 TI - [Effect of CO2 on the excitable membrane of a single node of Ranvier]. AB - Introduction into the chamber containing the preparation of a gaseous mixture with a 5% CO2 content failed to lead to any significant changes in the recorded parameters of the node of Ranvier. Elevation of CO2 concentration to 50% caused a significant increase of resistance, of the critical level of the membrane depolarization, a decrease of the spike amplitude, and of the maximum steepness of its increase. Two minutes after the beginning of the gas mixture introduction spike degeneration stopped. CO2 action was completely reversible. The trace potentials of the node of Ranvier remained unchanged with the CO2 action in the mentioned concentrations. PMID- 708888 TI - Systemic and regional flow distribution in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive young rats subjected to lifetime beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. AB - To determine quantitatively organ blood flow distribution as the result of lifelong beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, 23 and 24 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats, respectively, were treated from conception with tap water (control; 10 WKY and 8 SHR), propranolol (0.5 mg/ml drinking water; 6 WKY and 8 SHR), or timolol (0.5 mg/ml drinking water; 7 WKY and 8 SHR) via placental circulation, mothers' milk, and drinking water. At 12 weeks of age all six groups were studied hemodynamically under ether anesthesia using an electromagnetic flowmeter and radioactive carbonized (15 micrometer) microspheres. Untreated SHR demonstrated normal cardiac output (CO) and CO distribution to all organs except for myocardium and testes, thereby confirming our previous work. With either propranolol or timolol treatment the course of development and maintenance of arterial pressure was no different than the pure tap-water-fed WKY and SHR despite an approximate 30% reduction in CO. Further, with both beta-receptor antagonists CO distribution was significantly reduced to skeletal muscle (p less than 0.001), unchanged to the heart, and increased (p less than 0.05) to the remaining organs (including kidneys and brain) in both groups. Thus, as a result of lifelong beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, CO was reduced; and this was associated with a redistribution of blood flow so that flow to the kidney, brain, and splanchnic organs could be maintained at the expense of skeletal muslce perfusion. PMID- 708889 TI - The innervation of the rabbit ear artery. An ultrastructural study. AB - An examination of sections of the central artery of the rabbit external ear with the transmission electron microscope revealed a single and uniform population of axons near the medial-adventitial border. The dimensions of the neuromuscular cleft (mean closest distance 0.5 micrometer) and of the approaches between smooth muscle cells (not less than 20 nm) were determined. On the basis of the morphology of the neuronal vesicles and their ability to take up 5 hydroxydopamine the axons were classified as adrenergic, confirming previous light-microscopic histochemical observations. The axons also exhibited a weak but definite acetylcholinesterase activity in association with their sxon membrane, as shown by a histochemical technique. PMID- 708890 TI - Differential counts of neutrophil, eosinophil, and macrophage colonies in cultures from human bone marrow and peripheral blood. AB - Differential counts for neutrophil, eosinophil, and macrophage colonies were performed in 364 methylcellulose cultures of myeloid precursor cells. 2n bone marrow cultures from normals we found a mean total colony count of 56 +/- 17/10(5), of which 65% were neutrophil, 12% eosinophil, and 23% macrophages. In cultures from normal peripheral blood, the mean total colony count was 26 +/- 16/10(6) with 49% neutrophils, 44% eosinophils and 7% macrophages. There was an increase of eosinophil and macrophage colonies in cultures from patients with malignant hematological diseases, solid tumors and Graft-versus-Host disease. Highest eosinophil colony counts were found in Graft-versus-Host disease, highest macrophage colony counts in untreated Hodgkin's disease. Only 1 patient with extremely high eosinophil colony counts had eosinophilia in the peripheral blood. We conclude that in vitro conditions favor eosinophil "commitment". Its increase as nonspecific sign of disease is thus more likely to be recognized in vitro than in vivo. PMID- 708891 TI - Creatine kinase in human erythrocytes: a newly detected genetic anomaly. AB - In a family of Italian origin, we found four members with a considerable activity of creatine kinase inside their erythrocytes. All other clinical and hematological findings were normal. The enzyme anomaly seems to be inherited in the autosomal mode. The creatine kinase CK) activity in freshly drawn blood was about 12 U/g Hb. The activity was higher in young red cells than in older ones. Studies with specific antibodies against human CK isoenzymes revealed the CK activity in the probands' red cells to be due to about 90% to the BB-isoenzyme normally found in brain and nerve tissue. The presence of CK in the erythrocytes does not seem to have any consequences for the energy metabolism of the cells. Creatine concentration was slightly elevated, but creatine phosphate could not be detected. PMID- 708893 TI - [Automation in blood banks (author's transl)]. PMID- 708892 TI - [Age and immunity: III. Circulating immune complexes in different age groups (author's transl)]. AB - Circulating immune complexes were determined utilizing an immunofluorescence technique in sera of 271 healthy donors in different age groups. Practically no immune complexes were detected up to the age of 60. Among the donors ranging in age between 60 and 70 years, 20% revealed immune complexes in their sera. The incidence of circulating immune complexes increased up to 33% among the individuals between 70 and 75 years of age and up to 40% among those over 76 years. In view of earlier findings of decreased numerical and functional capacities of peripheral blood lymphocytes and functional capacities of peripheral blood lymphocytes and increased incidence of auto-antibodies, the observation, that the incidence of circulating immune complexes increases with age seems to support the hypothesis of an age-dependent immunological impairment. To what extent such an immunological insufficiency plays a role in the general aging process remains unknown. It can, however, explain some of the auto-immune diseases seen frequently among the elderly population. PMID- 708894 TI - Erythrocyte counts with the instrument compur m-100 tends to let you down in the very cases in which erythrocyte counts would be most useful. PMID- 708895 TI - Psychiatrists and the jurors' dilemma. PMID- 708896 TI - Private practice of jurisprudence in family court. PMID- 708897 TI - Forensic and non-forensic psychiatrists: an empirical comparison. PMID- 708898 TI - The experience of using DSM-III in a court clinic setting: II Practicality and effect of DSM-III on a court clinic's work with the legal system. PMID- 708899 TI - DSM-III and the legal system. PMID- 708900 TI - De Clerambault in court: a forensic romance. PMID- 708901 TI - Guilt and innocence in the pre-sentence psychiatric examination: some ethical considerations. PMID- 708903 TI - Psychiatric malpractice: a California state-wide survey. PMID- 708902 TI - Preschoolers' responses to murder of their mothers by their fathers: a study of four cases. PMID- 708904 TI - Mind-stealing--plagio in Italy: a study in transcultural legal psychiatry. PMID- 708905 TI - Intervention in child abuse cases. PMID- 708906 TI - Psychotherapy and due process. PMID- 708907 TI - President's message: a psychiatric explanation is not an excuse. PMID- 708908 TI - Editor's introduction: the Isaac Ray award symposium. PMID- 708909 TI - Social systems and psychiatry. PMID- 708910 TI - The role of the psychiatrist in the criminal justice system. PMID- 708911 TI - Prescriptions for reform--doing what we set out to do? juvenile justice: changes in goals, procedures and semantics. PMID- 708912 TI - Changing patterns of treatment in Herstedvester: forensic psychiatric considerations in retrospect and prospect. PMID- 708913 TI - Social and cultural factors as a diminished capacity defense in criminal law. PMID- 708914 TI - The many faces of forensic psychiatry. PMID- 708915 TI - Behaviour and justice in primitive and civilized societies: the Inuit and ourselves. PMID- 708916 TI - On the preparation and use of psychiatric expert testimony: some suggestions in an ongoing controversy. PMID- 708917 TI - Confidentiality. PMID- 708918 TI - Hatching success and early performance of chicks from eggs sprayed with 2,4 D,2,4,5-T and picloram at various stages of embryonic development. AB - Aqueous solutions of 2,4-D, 2,4-5-T and picloram were sprayed on hens' eggs at 10x normal rate (11.2 kg/ha). Eggs used were stored prior to incubation over a 24 day period and application on each age egg occurred at the start as well as 4 and 18 days after the onset of embryonic development. No adverse effects on any parameter used to evaluate either incubation or subsequent live performance could be attributed to either spray treatment or embryonic age when applied. Although extended preincubation storage significantly reduced hatching success, it was independent of herbicide contact and germ stage when contaminated. Chicks derived from eggs stored 1--2 and 23--24 days before incubation performed comparably and were uninfluenced by all treatments during incubation. PMID- 708919 TI - Insecticidal and neuroexcitant actions of DDT analogs on the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. AB - The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) was used to test 14 DDT analogs for their ability to cause a) death and b) repetitive firing in the abdominal nerve cord. P,p' -DDT, p,p' -DDD, p,p' -methoxychlor, and o,p -DDT were all found to induce repetitive firing in the nerve cord after a twice threshold stimulus, but only p,p' -DDT, p,p' -DDD, and p,p' -methoxychlor produced mortality within 4 days from injection of the pesticides. Also, cockroaches exposed to sublethal doses of p,p' -DDT and p,p' -methoxychlor were found to exhibit repetitive firing in the abdominal nerve cord three weeks after injection of the pesticide. The 'cause and effect' relationship between neuroexcitation and lethality is therefore questioned, at least in the case of cockroaches. PMID- 708920 TI - Preferential elimination of dieldrin by some diatoms compared to Chlamydomonas and Scenedesmus species. PMID- 708921 TI - Toxicity and sublethal effects of No. 2 fuel oil on the supralittoral isopod Lygia exotica. AB - 1. No. 2 fuel oil was of relatively low toxicity to the intertidal isopod Lygia exotica as indicated by the TLm values of over 100% for the WSF and 73 ppm at 24 and 48 hours and 36.5 ppm at 96 hours for the OWD. 2. Respiration was not significantly affected by short term exposure to several concentrations of No. 2 fuel oil prepared as either a WSF or OWD. 3. Lygia contamined by a spill of No. 2 fuel oil and Bunker C residual oil contained high concentrations of dibenzothiophenes. It is not known whether the dibenzothiophenes were accumulated by the Lygia tissues or absorbed to the exoskeleton. Therefore, the high mortality of Lygia following the spill cannot yet be attributed to the dibenzothiophenes. PMID- 708922 TI - Trace metals in some fish species of South Carolina. AB - Samples of fish from freshwater and saltwater sources of ocean, rivers, and lakes over the state of South Carolina were collected. The fish collected were Shrimp, Silver Snapper, White Bass, Catfish, Mudfish and Trout. The sample flasks were incubated in a constant temperature stirring water bath at 58 degrees C until clear solution in reagent-grade nitric acid. Triplicate samples of fish muscle tissue were analyzed by wet digestion and dry digestion methods. Trace metal levels were determined by flame atomic absorption using a Perkin-Elmer Model 306 spectrophotometer. Mercury determination was made by Coleman MAS-50 mercury analyzer. A significant finding of this report is that saltwater fish have more trace metal levels than freshwater fish, and larger fish have higher trace metals than smaller fish. Iron and zinc levels were much higher in Shrimp than any other species analyzed. PMID- 708923 TI - Mercury in sediments of Lake Paijanne, Finland. PMID- 708924 TI - Exposure of pesticide formulating plant workers to parathion. PMID- 708925 TI - Toxicity of Perchloroethylene, Trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and Methylene Chloride to Fathead Minnows. PMID- 708926 TI - A plankton net designed to exclude air-sea interface phenomena. AB - For use in trace pollutant studies a description is presented of a protected closed plankton net whose purpose is to minimize the exposure of collected samples to surface films and debris. Tests described in this paper appeared to show that the protected closed net was not necessary for the environmental conditions encountered during our field studies. However, additional calculations based on the data of other investigators strongly imply that employment of such a net is heavily polluted surface waters may be highly advantageous. PMID- 708927 TI - Inhibition of Bacterial growth by mercury and the effects of protective agents. PMID- 708928 TI - Field verification of cadmium toxicity to laboratory Daphnia populations. PMID- 708929 TI - The effects of lead on oxygen uptake in the crayfish, Orconectes virilis (Hagen). PMID- 708930 TI - Effect of Exhalt 800-A sticker-extender on the persistence and bioactivity of Plictran on apple trees. PMID- 708931 TI - A water-extractable toxic compound in vinyl upholstery fabric. AB - A compound, highly toxic to goldfish, was found to be released from a vinyl (polyvinyl chloride) automotive upholstery fabric when the material was immersed in their water. The compound, a flame retardant used in such material, was identified by specific detector gas chromatography and mass spectrometry as triphenyl phosphate. Fish exposed to the immersed fabric or pure triphenyl phosphate showed neurologic intoxication and extensive histopathologic lesions. PMID- 708932 TI - Humoral immunity in mice following oral administration of selected pesticides. AB - Five pesticides (carbaryl, DDT, parathion, chlordimeform, and ametryne) were tested for their effects on the immunocompetence of Balb/c mice. All five of the test pesticides were observed to induce statistically significant suppression of the humoral immune response if administered orally, at near lethal doses, during an ongoing immune response. Ametryne and chlordimeform were also observed to have a suppressive effect on humoral immune competence if orally administered in a sufficiently large quantity, 1 LD50, at the time of, or prior to, immunization. Administration of 0.1 LD50 parathion per day, over an extended period of time, resulted in a statistically significant suppression of the humoral immune response. PMID- 708933 TI - Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in the peripheral blood granulocytes of healthy U.N.E.F. soldiers serving in the Middle East. PMID- 708934 TI - Experimental studies on the persistence of a carbamate insecticide in the air of disinsected rooms. PMID- 708935 TI - The effect of mixed infections induced by adenovirus type 5 and vaccinia virus, on the ultrastructure of KB cells. I. Ultrastructure of KB cells infected with adenovirus type 5 and vaccinia virus (within a period of 24--72 hours). PMID- 708936 TI - Morbidity among the seamen of the Polish merchant marine and the merchant fleet of the G.D.R. in 1974-1976. PMID- 708937 TI - Polycardiographic and functional examinations of the circulatory system of physically little active workers employed in sea economy. PMID- 708938 TI - Indices of the occupational exposure to aluminium oxide dusts. PMID- 708939 TI - Spirometric and radiologic estimation of changes in the respiratory system of shipyard workers exposed to the effect of asbestos dust during 4 years of observation. PMID- 708940 TI - Condition of the circulatory system and the hardness of occupational work. PMID- 708941 TI - Effect of the working environment on ocean-going ships on the seaman's health. Suggestions concerning prophylaxis indications. PMID- 708942 TI - [Electronic measuring devices used in the determination of vibration-caused stress at the work place]. PMID- 708943 TI - Preliminary study on some functions of the central nervous system and vegetative system of apprentices from the last classes of the pipeline fitter's and plater's profession. PMID- 708944 TI - Dynamical similarity and the theory of biological transformations. PMID- 708945 TI - Theoretical study of nasal deposition. PMID- 708946 TI - Distributed sensory coding applied to simulations of iconic storage and metacontrast. PMID- 708947 TI - What do mathematical models tell us about circadian clocks? PMID- 708948 TI - Electric field distribution, ionic selectivity and permeability in nerve. PMID- 708949 TI - On the identification by filtering techniques of a biological n-compartment model in which the transport rate parameters are assumed to be stochastic processes. PMID- 708950 TI - Self-similar solution of a distributed model for transcapillary exchange and solute removal by the liver. PMID- 708951 TI - Steady-state distribution of bacteria chemotactic toward oxygen. PMID- 708952 TI - Books and other endangered species: an inquiry into the values of medical librarianship. AB - Major values of medical librarians, as exemplified in their periodical literature 1903-1977, are identified as "professionalism," "cooperation," "sense of community with health sciences practitioners," and "knowledge orientation." These values are examined in terms of interdisciplinary research into human values. Professionalism is studied in greater depth in relation to criteria on a scale of professionalism. Medical librarians have been most concerned with the criteria of organization, specialized education (with more emphasis on continuing education than on introductory medical library education), and service orientation. Indication of challenge to long-held values exists in the contradictions among certain related assumptions underlying our self-image, our current lack of standards, and changing societal views toward commitment to a single, life-long specialization. It is suggested that there is unexplored potential for support of our traditional values and the development of new ones by comparing them with the value systems of health scientists and educators of health sciences practitioners. PMID- 708953 TI - A survey of computer search service costs in the academic health sciences library. AB - The Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, has recently completed an extensive survey of costs involved in the provision of computer search services beyond vendor charges for connect time and printing. In this survey costs for such items as terminal depreciation, repair contract, personnel time, and supplies are analyzed. Implications of this cost survey are discussed in relation to planning and price setting for computer search services. PMID- 708954 TI - Systematic serials selection analysis in a small academic health sciences library. AB - This paper describes the implementation of a straightforward quantitative technique to analyze the serials collection of the Medical Library at the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC). Our simplified operations research approach resulted in a savings of nearly $1400 per year in subscriptions costs without reducing the net number of seven hundred titles or causing an imbalance in the subject distribution of our collection. By detailing both the rationale behind the process and the actual steps followed at UMKC, we hope to demonstrate that operations research techniques can be used practically and successfully even in small health sciences libraries. In the Appendix a more general and more rigorous operations research approach to the analysis of serials collections is also presented in a fashion that is, as far as possible, not mathematically forbidding. PMID- 708955 TI - Management data for collection analysis and development. AB - Sound management data are needed to evaluate the collections of health sciences libraries. This study reports the utilization of computer data bases to compare the libary collections of The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. The University of Texas Medical Branch, and the National Library of Medicine's CATLINE data base. The imprint dates of the records of two libraries are compared to measure acquisitions rates. Subject profiles for the Q and W classes demonstrate the similarity of the collections. Reasons for the variances are considered. PMID- 708956 TI - Fees for information services to hospitals: a California experience. AB - The project was directed toward planning, developing, and implementing a subregional biomedical information network among the forty-three health care facilities (hospitals) of the four-county area served by Loma Linda University's health sciences library. The project coordinator contacted administrators and health care professionals in the forty-three institutions to present a plan for the network. The health care facilities were encouraged to support the continuation of the network through contract fees. The availability of specific information services was assured through contractual agreements. It was anticipated that the subregional network would be self-supporting after the twelve-month project period (December 1, 1976-November 30, 1977). The working territory (40,429 square miles) encompassed Mono, Inyo, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties. The project resulted in nine of the forty-three hospitals signing annual contracts for library services. It is recommended that projects of this kind extend beyond a year's duration in order to educate health professionals concerning the value of access to biomedical literature in improving patient care. PMID- 708957 TI - The clinical librarian and the patient: report of a project at McMaster University Medical Centre. AB - In June 1975 a clinical librarian project was initiated in the Gastroenterology Programme of McMaster University Medical Centre. The objectives of the project were to assist patients in participating more knowledgeably in their own health care and to assist health professionals in applying the latest information from biomedical literature to patient care. The implementation and development of the service are described, including the use of feedback from patients and health professionals to assess the impact of the librarians' participation in clinical settings. Benefits included: 1) increased accessibility of information resources to patients, 2) a greater awareness by health professionals of the usefulness of biomedical literature and the library in patient care, and 3) an opportunity for the librarian to gain a first-hand view of activities and information needs in a clinical setting. Key points in determining the successful implementation of the project are given. PMID- 708958 TI - Area health education center libraries and medical school libraries: establishing an interface. AB - Establishing an interface between area health education center (AHEC) libraries and medical school libraries requires careful planning, including: the overall plan, needs assessment, resource evaluation, a developmental plan, monitoring and evaluation, institutional agreements, and publicity. This paper reports on the development of AHEC libraries in North Dakota. PMID- 708959 TI - The CHIPS project: a health information network to serve the consumer. AB - CHIPS (Consumer Health Information Program and Services/Salud y Bienestar) is a Library Services and Construction Act Title I-funded project that has as its major goal the formation of a health information network to serve the consumer, the public library client, and the hospital patient. Funded for two years, 1976 1978, this bilingual project coordinates efforts of the Los Angeles County Harbor General Hospital Regional Medical Library and the Los Angeles County Carson Regional Public Library to provide health information resources and services to the public. The target population is over two million people of diverse ethnic backgrounds. This paper discusses the project's objectives and encourages an active role for all libraries in the consumer health education movement. PMID- 708960 TI - An information service for practicing veterinarians. AB - Many Indiana veterinarians are relatively isolated from colleagues and information sources. Their information needs cannot be easily met by public or medical libraries. The Veterinary Medical Information Center (VMIC) at Purdue University, which began operation in the fall of 1977, offers information services designed to meet the specific needs of veterinary medical practitioners in the state of Indiana. Questions received by the center have covered all facets of animal medicine and management. After two years of free service, VMIC will begin charging clients for services and will consider expansion of the service to other states. VMIC operations will be evaluated through data collected by the center and follow-up surveys. PMID- 708961 TI - The Medical Library Association's international fellowship programs. AB - This article describes the two international fellowship programs administered by the International Cooperation Committee of the Medical Library Association: (1) the program supported by the Rockfeller Foundation from 1948 to 1963; (2) the Eileen R. Cunningham program, supported by Mrs. Cunningham's bequest to the association, from 1971 to date. Comments and suggestions received from Cunningham Fellows in response to a letter sent to each by the author in the summer of 1977 are listed. The cost of the fellowship program, not only in terms of financial support but also in terms of human resources, is documented. While the program receives enthusiastic support from the International Cooperation Committee and many members of MLA, the membership needs to examine its mission with regard to the training of medical librarians from other countries, to determine whether future funding is to be sought. PMID- 708962 TI - Clinical medical librarians: what they do and why. PMID- 708963 TI - A clinical reference program in the Department of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center Hospital. PMID- 708964 TI - CATLINE as an acquisitions tool for health and patient education materials. PMID- 708965 TI - A new method of classifying clinical nursing monographs. PMID- 708966 TI - Faculty participation in an evaluation review of low-use journals. PMID- 708967 TI - Fees for interlibrary loans. PMID- 708968 TI - Giant cell arteritis: a review. PMID- 708969 TI - The problem of acute myocardial insufficiency. PMID- 708970 TI - The management of suspected myocardial infarction. PMID- 708971 TI - Loss of memory as a clinical problem. PMID- 708972 TI - Rape. PMID- 708973 TI - Self-help groups. AB - The 1970's have been described as the self-help decade. This paper has shown how the groups explicitly focus on certain specific but simple technical problems while implicity addressing a whole range of everyday problems of living. Self help groups attempt to solve these technical and social problems by a process based on shared experience in a context of mutual understanding. An essential ingredient of the self-help solution is to do things together, while social activities with members outside the group meetings sustain the self-help method and give new meaning to a member's life and to his conception of his place in the world. PMID- 708975 TI - Simple mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 708974 TI - Hepatic osteodystrophy. AB - Hepatic osteodystrophy consists of three types: osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and periosteal reaction with new bone formation. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is very rare, if it occurs at all. The cause of osteomalacia appears to be vitamin D deficiency due to a lack of vitamin D substrate. In the presence of adequate substrates, 25-OHD and dihydroxy vitamin D metabolites are formed. The vitamin D deficiency results in osteomalacia and malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus. The osteomalacia can be treated successfully with vitamin D supplements. In some patients calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium supplements may be required. The aetiology and treatment of the osteoporosis and the periosteal reactions remain obscure. PMID- 708976 TI - Traded options--the latest way to gamble. PMID- 708977 TI - Well done Horizon. PMID- 708979 TI - One-stage reconstruction of the penis. PMID- 708980 TI - Accessory urethras in hypospadias. PMID- 708978 TI - Blues for Mister Jimmy. PMID- 708982 TI - Computerised tomography applied for orbital hypertelorism: a case report. PMID- 708983 TI - The lap-joint principle in the repair of the cleft earlobe. PMID- 708981 TI - Malignant schwannoma of the inferior dental nerve. PMID- 708984 TI - Replantation of an entire scalp and ear by microvascular anastomoses of only 1 artery and 1 vein. AB - We present a successful microvascular replantation of a scalp and ear, where almost the entire scalp and right ear survived on 1 artery and 1 vein. PMID- 708985 TI - Local and regional lymph node response to ruptured gel-filled mammary prostheses. AB - A case of augmentation mammaplasty is described in which spontaneous rupture of a gel-filled prosthesis was followed by the appearance of silicone in the regional lymph nodes. PMID- 708986 TI - Long-term follow-up of clefts of the secondary palate repaired by von Langenbeck's method. AB - In analysing our small series with caution we tend to support the findings of Lindsay (1971) and Blocksma et al. (1975). Thus the combination of no facial growth deformity and a reasonable rate of velopharyngeal competence has encouraged us to continue using this simple and safe procedure for the treatment of cleft palates with intact lip and alveolus. PMID- 708987 TI - The post-tragal face lift incision. PMID- 708988 TI - Further evidence for the prevention by guanethidine of noradrenaline efflux from rabbit ventricular slices induced by a low external sodium concentration. AB - When guanethidine was applied to rabbit ventricular slices at 37 degrees C for an initial 30 min incubation period, doses of 4 X 10(-5) and 8 X 10(-5) M irreversibly inhibited increases in efflux of noradrenaline induced by the subsequent reduction of external sodium concentrations to 18 mM. This inhibition was prevented if the temperature was reduced to 0 degrees C during the drug application period. Guanethidine transported into adrenergic nerve endings appears to increase permeability to Na+, thereby leading to the reduction in efflux. PMID- 708989 TI - An investigation of the role of ganglia in the innervation of the rat anococcygeus muscle: an electrical and mechanical study. AB - 1 A preparation is described which allows the rat anococcygeus muscle to be stimulated via its two extrinsic nerves. Each nerve contains both excitatory and inhibitory fibres. A ganglionated nerve plexus lies on the surface of the muscle. 2 The possibility that at least part of the excitatory pathway was interrupted as a ganglion synapse lying in one of the nodes of plexus close to the muscle was suggested by the observations that (a) the excitatory response to extrinsic nerve stimulation was reduced by the nicotinic antagonists tubocurarine (0.13 to 0.26 mM) and dihydro beta-erythroidine (0.1 to 0.14 mM). (b) Fibres from one extrinsic nerve were shown to synapse on a ganglion cell from which intracellular recordings were made while the output from this ganglion cell was traced microscopically to the muscle. 3 Intracellular recording from ganglion cells in this plexus indicated that cholinergic synaptic transmission occurred in these ganglia. Tubocurarine (0.13 mM) and hexamethonium (1.3 mM) reversibly abolished intracellularly-recorded synaptic potentials. 4 Hexamethonium (0.1 to 1 mM) initially enhanced the motor response to nerve stimulation and raised muscle tone, probably by an action involving pre- and postsynaptic sites. Subsequently, hexamethonium inhibited the response to extrinsic nerve stimulation presumably by an effect at ganglia lying along the excitatory pathway. Hexamethonium enhanced, without subsequently inhibiting, the response to exogenously added noradrenaline in both untreated and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. These results suggest that the initial enhancement produced by hexamethonium involved sites at postganglionic nerve endings and on smooth muscle receptors. 5 Inhibitory responses were obtained following extrinsic nerve stimulation when the tone of the muscle was raised and the excitatory response abolished by either guanethidine (3 micron) alone or by carbachol (10 micron) followed by phentolamine (3 micron). The inhibitory response was not reduced by hexamethonium (up to 2.8 mM) tubocurarine (up to 1.3 mM) or by atropine (up to 1 micron). PMID- 708990 TI - The effects of putative 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists on the behaviour produced by administration of tranylcypromine and L-tryptophan or tranylcypromine and L DOPA to rats. AB - 1 The putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor blocking drugs methysergide (10 mg/kg) and methergoline (5 mg/kg) were found to abolish some components of the hyperactivity syndrome, including head weaving and forepaw treading, which follow administration to rats of tranylcypromine (20 mg/kg) and L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg). Hyperactivity and hyper-reactivity were potentiated with a resultant increase in automated locomotor activity counts. In contrast (-)-propranolol (20 mg/kg) inhibited all features of the syndrome. The same results were obtained with these drugs when the behaviour was elicited by p-chloroamphetamine (10 mg/kg) or by tranylcypromine and tryptamine (10 mg/kg). 2 Methysergide and methergoline had similar effects on the syndrome produced by tranylcypromine and L-DOPA (50 mg/kg) whereas propranolol was without effect. 3 None of the putative 5-HT receptor antagonists affected brain 5-HT turnover as assessed by rate of accumulation of 5-HT following monoamine oxidase inhibition with tranylcypromine. 4 Microinjections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the spinal cord resulted in a 70% fall in cord 5-HT concentrations without an effect on brain 5-HT concentrations. The behavioural response to the putative 5-HT receptor agonist, 5 methoxy N,N-dimethyltryptamine (2 mg/kg), was potentiated in these animals suggesting that 5-HT receptors become supersensitive on denervation, and that some components of the behavioural syndrome are mediated by spinal cord 5-HT receptors. 5 Pretreatment with alpha-methyl p-tyrosine (2 X 200 mg/kg) delayed the onset of all components of the behaviour elicited by tranylcypromine/L tryptophan by 60 min, indicating an involvement of catecholamines in the syndrome. 6 p-Chloroamphetamine-induced 5-HT depletion had no effect on any component of the tranylcypromine-L-DOPA behaviour. PMID- 708992 TI - Age-related changes in the response of rabbit isolated aortae to vasoactive agents. AB - 1 In helically-cut strips of aortae from rabbits of different ages (2 to 360 days old), responses to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents were compared. 2 The passive tension developed by the same magnitude of stretch was markedly less in aortae from immature rabbits than in aortae from mature rabbits. 3 Contractile responses to noradrenaline and K+ increased with age in the range from 2 to 90 days. High concentrations of noradrenaline (10(-5) and 5 X 10(-5) M) produced relaxation of aortic strips from immature rabbits (2 to 30 days). The response to histamine was not altered with age. Age-dependent reductions (90 to 360 days) in the response to 5-hydroxytryptamine were observed. 4 Relaxations induced by isoprenaline of aortic strips contracted with prostaglandin F2alpha increased with age in the range from 2 to 30 days but decreased with age from 30 to 360 days. Similar age-related alterations in the relaxant response to adenosine were observed. 5 It is concluded that aortae from immature rabbits are more distensible than those from mature rabbits; alpha-adrenoceptors mature during an early postnatal period (2 to 30 days), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor mechanisms deteriorate with age (older than 90 days). The beta-receptor mechanism does not seem to alter greatly with age. PMID- 708991 TI - The release of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from guinea-pig lung by slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, and its inhibition. AB - 1 Rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS; consisting mainly of thromboxane A2) and prostaglandin-like material were released from guinea-pig isolated perfused lungs by injection of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). 2 SRS-A was resistant to boiling and proteolytic enzymes and was therefore distinguished from rabbit aorta contracting substance releasing factor (RCS-RF). 3 The release of RCS and prostaglandin-like material by SRS-A was anatagonized by indomethacin (1 microgram/ml), betamethasone and dexamethasone (4 to 50 microgram/ml). 4 Imidazole (200 microgram/ml) inhibited the formation of thromboxane A2 but not that of prostaglandins. 5 The activity of SRS-A on guinea-pig ileum and its ability to release RCS and prostaglandins were destroyed by incubation with arylsulphatase (0.83 microgram to 1 mg/ml) and with lipoxidase (16.5 to 50 microgram/ml): SRS-A lost activity on incubation with bovine serum albumin (9 microgram/ml) due to protein binding. PMID- 708993 TI - Some observations on the development of adrenergic innervation in rabbit intestine. AB - 1 Stimulation of periarterial nerves to the ileum of 1 to 12 day old rabbits with supramaximal voltages and frequencies of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 Hz with square wave pulses of 2--5 ms duration for 30--40 s produced responses that were initially contractor. In the course of the first week, the responses changed from motor to inhibitory, the change occurring first at the highest rates of stimulation. By the 7th day of life, almost all responses were inhibitory. 2 The motor responses were potentiated by physostigmine and blocked by hyoscine suggesting that they were mediated by acetylcholine. 3 In preparations from rabbits older than 3 days, motor responses could be converted to inhibitory ones by prior exposure to noradrenaline (NA, 1 microgram/ml) for 20 min. This procedure also significantly increased the responses which were already inhibitory. 4 The ability of the ileum to take up NA increased with age. This uptake was blocked by cocaine. 5 The following explanations are possible: (a) changeover from cholinergic to adrenergic transmission in sympathetic fibres; (b) existence of 'parasympathetic' splanchnic nerves or a permanent cholinergic 'sympathetic' component of splanchnic nerves and (c) temporal delay in the development of adrenergic nerves (compared with cholinergic nerves) in the intestine. PMID- 708994 TI - Localization of vasodilator dopamine receptors in the canine hindlimb. AB - 1 Vascular responses to local injection of dopamine and isoprenaline have been compared in the blood-perfused gracilis muscle and hind paw pads of dogs anaesthetized with chloralose. 2 In the paw pads, dopamine (0.5 to 5.0 microgram) caused a transient vasoconstriction followed by dose-dependent vasodilatation. alpha-Adrenoceptor blockade converted this response to pure vasodilatation, which was attenuated or abolished by the dopamine-receptor antagonist, haloperidol (1 to 2 mg i.a.). In the gracilis, dopamine produced only vasoconstriction. Following alpha-adrenoceptor blockade this was abolished, but only a very small dilator response was revealed. 3 Isoprenaline (0.05 to 0.5 microgram) caused dose dependent dilatation in both beds, which was attenuated by propranolol (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). 4 Glyceryl trinitrate (0.2 to 5.0 microgram) was used to assess vascular reactivity. When responses to isoprenaline and dopamine were compared with those to glyceryl trinitrate, both beds had approximately equal reactivity to isoprenaline. In contrast the paw pads were 10 fold more responsive to dopamine than was the gracilis. 5 We conclude that the vessels of the paw pads play an important part in the femoral dilator response to dopamine. PMID- 708996 TI - The pharmacokinetics of lithium in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and serum of the rat. AB - 1 Addition of lithium carbonate (55 mmol/kg dry wt.) to the diet of rats for 4 days resulted in ratios between lithium in the brain and serum and between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of approx. 1 and 0.4, respectively. The relationships between the concentrations were linear. 2 After single intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (5 mmol/kg body wt.) the concentration of lithium in the CSF was greater than that of the brain for 2 h. 3 Repeated subcutaneous injections of lithium chloride (0.9 mmol/kg body wt.) resulted in steady state ratios corresponding to those observed when lithium was given in the diet. The rate of elimination from the CSF was intermediate between that of the serum and cerebral tissue until a new equilibrium was reached after approx. 24 h. At that time the ratios between lithium in the brain and serum, and in the CSF and serum were increased to approx. 5 and 0.8, respectively. 4 These results are consistent with passive transfer kinetics of lithium in the CSF and elimination of lithium from the cerebral tissue via the CSF. 5 The results may explain some of the phenomena observed in patients during intoxication with lithium. PMID- 708995 TI - Cardiovascular effects of acebutolol following coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in anaesthetized dog. AB - 1 The effects of 5 mg/kg acebutolol given intravenously were investigated in anaesthetized dogs after (a) ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and (b) coronary reperfusion following 60 min of ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. 2 Coronary artery ligation produced, after 4 to 6 h, persistent multiple ventricular ectopic beats and abnormalities of R and T waves and of the S-T segment. Administration of acebutolol, after the development of persistent ventricular arrhythmias, restored normal sinus rhythm within 5 min of injection. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were also reduced. 3 Coronary artery reperfusion (following 60 min of ligation) resulted in multiple ventricular ectopic beats, ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation. Pretreatment with acebutolol, 15 min before starting reperfusion, markedly reduced the arrhythmias. 4 Acebutolol did not affect peak inspiratory airway pressure. 5 Acebutolol produced significant bradycardia and slight, transient, hypotension. It was without effect on left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac output or pulmonary arterial pressure. 6 These results suggest beneficial effects of acebutolol in myocardial ischaemia and coronary reperfusion, without any significant risk of cardiodepression or bronchospasm. PMID- 708997 TI - Demonstration of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors through inhibition by methergoline in cat pial arteries in vitro. AB - 1 In an attempt to characterize further the nature of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT)-induced contraction of intracranial vessels, cat's middle cerebral artery was exposed to this amine and the specific 5-HT receptor antagonist, methergoline, under standardized conditions in vitro. Methergoline, in increasing concentrations, produced a parallel shift of the log dose-response curve for 5 HT. 2 The Arunlakshana-Schild plot gave a straight line with a slope of -0.85. The figure corresponding to the pA2 value was 8.80. 3 The findings offer further support for the assumption that the 5-HT-induced intracranial vasoconstriction is mediated by specific 5-HT receptors. PMID- 708998 TI - The influence of sodium and potassium supplements on the diuretic responses to frusemide administration in normal subjects. AB - 1 Twelve normal subjects received (1) normal diet, (2) normal diet with 100 mmol supplementary sodium chloride and (3) normal diet with 96 mmol supplementary potassium chloride, each for 10 days, in a balanced cross-over study according to a Latin Square design. At the end of each study period, the subjects received 80 mg frusemide orally. Each study period was separated from the other by 10 days. 2 Changes in urinary electrolyte excretion occurred within the first four days of each dietary period then remained constant, with significant differences in urinary Na/K ratio between the dietary regimes. 3 Between-subject correlations, using the mean values over the three study periods, demonstrated significant associations between plasma uric acid and urinary Na/K ratio and between plasma prolactin and urinary potassium excretion. 4 Urinary potassium excretion and Na/K ratio following frusemide were influenced significantly by alteration of diet but there was no change in sodium excretion. 5 Between-subject correlations of pretreatment variables with diuretic response, using the mean values over the three study periods, demonstrated significant associations between both pretreatment urinary Na/K ratio and plasma uric acid and respectively the urinary potassium excretion and urinary Na/K ratio in response to frusemide. 6 While the response to frusemide was altered by short-term changes in dietary sodium and potassium, the difference was less than expected from observations in two populations with customary diets differing in similar manner. PMID- 708999 TI - Inhibition by N-acetyl neuraminic acid of platelet thrombogenesis induced by laser injury to rat and hamster venules. AB - 1 In rats and hamsters under barbiturate anaesthesia, laser radiation to venules about 50 micrometer in diameter in mesoappendix and cheek pouch respectively caused the formation of platelet thrombi which occluded the vessels in about 9 min. 2 This occlusion time was significantly prolonged by the intravenous injection of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) but not by D-glucuronic acid or beta methoxyneuraminic acid, in doses which had no effect on blood pH or on the condition of the animals. 3 The results confirm the anti-thrombotic effect of NANA previously demonstrated with another technique. PMID- 709000 TI - Changes in plasma noradrenaline concentration as a measure of release rate. AB - 1 A method is described for repeated sampling of plasma noradrenaline (NA) in freely moving rats. Na concentration does not change during the day or after adrenalectomy. 2 Exogenous NA has a half-life of 1.5 min; drugs which block neuronal and extra-neuronal uptake lengthen this to 6.3 min. 3 Swim-stress leads to a steep rise followed by a rapid decline in plasma NA concentration. 4 This method of plasma NA sampling can serve as a measure of both steady and rapid changes in release rate over long periods of time. PMID- 709001 TI - Effects of somatostatin on gastric acid secretion and on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the rat. AB - 1 Studies were conducted to examine the effects of somatostatin on pentagastrin induced gastric acid secretion, and on bile, plasma and liver lipid composition in the rat. 2 In addition, liver glycogen and plasma glucose concentrations were measured. 3 Somatostatin was administered intravenously as a bolus (100 microgram) at the start of the experiment followed by a continuous infusion (50 microgram/h) for 2 h. 4 Controls were infused with isotonic saline (1 ml/h) throughout the experiment. Gastric secretions and bile were collected during the infusions. 5 Somatostatin significantly decreased the volume of gastric secretion as well as total gastric acid output but it had no effect on bile or bile lipid composition. 6 Plasma and liver lipids were not affected. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly elevated but liver glycogen was not changed. 7 Our results suggest that somatostatin probably decreases glucose uptake by peripheral tissue. The effect of somatostatin on bile composition and glucose levels in the rat is different from observations reported in other species. PMID- 709002 TI - The pattern of mortality in severe neuroses. AB - Is there an increased relative risk of death in severe neurosis? 1,482 patients from three psychiatric units in different hospitals in Birmingham were followed up after a mean of 10.9 years. 91 per cent of the sample were traced and 139 patients were found to have died; a highly significant increased mortality for both sexes for all causes of death. Although suicide and accidents contributed disproportionately, particularly in early follow-up, there was still a markedly increased mortality from the combined categories of nervous respiratory and cardiovascular disease, more evenly distributed in time. PMID- 709003 TI - Psychiatrists' versus patients' concepts of unpleasant emotions. AB - A semantic differential technique was used to elicit concepts of anxiety, depression and irritability from twenty patients suffering from neurosis and ten experienced psychiatrists. It was found that psychiatrists hold concepts of these unpleasant affects that are much more differentiated than those held by patients. In particular, the psychiatrists' concepts of anxiety and depression showed a correlation of zero, whereas the patients' concepts of these affects overlapped to a considerable degree. Patients were unable to discriminate between anxiety and depression on the basis of 11 somatic symptoms, but were able to use these symptoms to distinguish anxiety and depression from irritability. The psychiatrists were in close accord with the patients over the somatic symptoms that distinguished anxiety from irritability. PMID- 709004 TI - Agoraphobia: a critical review of the concept. AB - Phobic avoidance has been widely accepted as the central feature of the agoraphobic syndrome, and the presence of agoraphobia has been used to define groups of subjects for clinical research. A review of the evidence suggests that agoraphobia should not be classified with the phobias; several lines of inquiry point to the conclusion that it is a variable feature of patients suffering from anxiety neurosis. Implications for research and problems with the present classification of neurotic affective disorders are noted. PMID- 709005 TI - Men remanded into custody for medical reports: the selection for treatment. AB - In a sample of men remanded into custody for medical reports during a three-month period, it was found that those who received recommendations for treatment had a diagnosis of acute mental illness, had in the past been admitted more frequently to mental hospitals and had spent a longer period as in-patients. They were also assessed as being difficult to manage, i.e. they were considered to be nuisances, were threatening and potentially violent. The men who were not recommended for treatment had a history of excessive drinking and drink-related offences; they also had more extensive criminal histories and a diagnosis of psychopathic disorder. PMID- 709006 TI - Men remanded into custody for medical reports: the outcome of the treatment recommendation. AB - Over a three-month period, 634 men were remanded into custody at Brixton Prison for medical reports; 87 received recommendations for psychiatric treatment and 82 individuals were actually referred to hospitals for treatment. Fourteen months later nearly three-quarters of the men who went to hospital had been discharged. They fell into three groups by outcome: men with acute psychoses for whom treatment was definitely beneficial; men who remained behaviourally disturbed after receiving treatment although their mental states improved; a group with chronic disorders for whom admission was not beneficial. The two groups with improved mental states represented only 5 per cent of the initial receptions to Brixton Prison. PMID- 709007 TI - Combination of hormonal and psychological treatment for female sexual unresponsiveness: a comparative study. AB - Thirty-two couples with the presenting problem of female sexual unresponsiveness were treated in a controlled study using a balanced factorial design. Treatment involved a combination of drug therapy and counselling. Half the subjects received testosterone and half diazepam, half received weekly and half monthly counselling. They were assessed before treatment, at the end of treatment and at six months follow-up. Those receiving testosterone did significantly better on a number of behavioural and attitudinal measures than the diazepam group. There were no notable differences in outcome between the two counselling regimes. There were no undesirable side-effects with the testosterone. Further work is needed to establish the indications for testosterone therapy for unresponsive women. PMID- 709008 TI - Childhood behaviour in schizophrenia, personality disorder, depression, and neurosis. AB - Teachers' comments in the childhood school records (grades K-12) of 143 psychiatric patients and their matched controls were coded along 23 bipolar dimensions. Two methods of grouping these scales were compared: rational clusters and factor analysis. Factor analysis yielded more numerous and narrowly defined behavioural groupings. Schizophrenics, personality disorder patients, neurotics, and depressives were compared to their matched controls on each of the cluster and factor scores. Both schizophrenics and personality disordered patients were significantly less agreeable in childhood than their respective controls. Pre schizophrenics also were significantly more unstable. Depressives were more independent than their controls, while neurotics did not differ significantly in any respect from normals in childhood. The data suggest that schizophrenia may have specific developmental patterns of possible aetiological or early diagnostic significance. PMID- 709009 TI - Season of birth among the sibs of schizophrenics. AB - The season of birth distribution of 1,039 sibs of Canadian schizophrenic patients was compared with that of births in the Canadian general population over the same time period. The excess of winter births observed among the schizophrenics was not found among their sibs. PMID- 709011 TI - Clinical research upon mentally ill subjects who cannot give informed consent. PMID- 709010 TI - Depot injections and tardive dyskinesia. AB - A prospective study was undertaken on 374 out-patients receiving depot fluphenazine or depot flupenthixol to determine the incidence of tardive dyskinesia. In three years the percentage showing the bucco-linguo-masticatory syndrome rose from 8 per cent to 22 per cent, though patients had received various neuroleptics for a mean of 13 years previously. Fluphenazine and flupenthixol were equally involved though 75 per cent of affected patients had the condition in mild degree. Six additional cases of generalized chorea were all receiving flupenthixol. Reduction of dose or the substitution of pimozide produced marked improvement, but results suggest that it is unlikely that this will be permanent. Substitution of depot fluspirilene also produced favourable results. Careful monitoring, minimal neuroleptic dosage, and periods of neuroleptic abstinence are recommended. PMID- 709012 TI - Validity of the Zung self-rating scale. PMID- 709013 TI - Suicide in Sudan. PMID- 709014 TI - Experience and nationality in assessment of parasuicide. PMID- 709015 TI - Pseudo-bereavement in the Munchausen Syndrome. PMID- 709016 TI - Necrophilia, murder and high intelligence. PMID- 709017 TI - Specificity of sleep deprivation in depression. PMID- 709018 TI - Pseudopolyposis in Crohn's disease. AB - Eight cases of pseudopolyposis occurring in Crohn's colitis are described. Emphasis is placed on the variability of the lesions. Four of the cases demonstrate localized giant pseudopolyposis which has until recently been regarded mainly as a complication of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 709019 TI - Hepatic oil embolism following lymphography. AB - Lymphograms of 1,000 patients were reviewed with special reference to the occurrence of hepatic oil embolism following the procedure. Oily contrast medium ("Lipiodol" ultra-fluid) was found in the liver in seven cases, five of whom had carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Hepatic oil embolism was not encountered in patients with lymphomas in this series. Complete or partial lymphatic obstruction was present in all seven cases and one patient had almost complete obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Malignant disease need not always be the predisposing factor since hepatic oil embolism occurred in one patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis. The routes through which the contrast medium may reach the liver are discussed and lymphaticoportal communications in the mesentery are thought to play an important role. Contrast was invariably seen in the liver within two hours of commencement of the injection and was still faintly visible in one case three and a half months later. The way in which the contrast-pattern in the liver changes with time is described. An attempt is made to correlate the radiological appearances with the fate of the contrast medium in the liver. PMID- 709020 TI - Volume changes in the rat renal cortex during urography. AB - At different periods of urography rat kidney were instantly frozen at -165 degrees C. Using appropriate histological techniques and planimetry of different cortical compartments and fractions the structural background of renal cortical volume variations during urography was elucidated. The renal cortex reacted to intravenous injection of hypertonic contrast medium with an immediate increase of volume, followed by a decrease from 30 to 60 seconds. Measuring the volume shares of different cortical compartments, the complex nature of cortical volume variations during the first minutes of urography could be demonstrated. Subdivision of the tubular compartments into cellular and luminal fractions showed even greater complexity of volume variations. All the major cortical volume changes came to an end approximately three minutes after the injections. PMID- 709021 TI - Contrast media during coronary arteriography: electrocardiographic changes in the presence of normal coronary arteries. AB - In forty patients with normal coronary arteries, the electrocardiographic changes secondary to Urografin 76 and Hypaque 85 injection into both coronary arteries were monitored. Hypaque caused significantly greater prolongation of the PR interval (p less than 0.001), depression of the ST segment (p less than 0.05) and depth of T wave inversion (p less than 0.05). These effects were more noticeable during right coronary artery injection. Both contrast media slowed the heart rate equally during right and left coronary artery injection. In the absence of coronary arterial disease the ECG changes secondary to contrast media injection probably reflect a direct toxic effect. It is possible that premedication with atropine will reduce these effects. Urografin 76 appears the less toxic of the two media, although one case of ventricular fibrillation occurred with each. PMID- 709022 TI - The tolerance of mouse tails to necrosis after repeated irradiation with X rays. AB - The reduction in the "tolerance" dose for the production of tail necrosis in adult mice seven weeks after irradiation has been measured in tails which had previously received various single or multiple tolerable doses. The major findings are: A. The ability of heavily-irradiated and healed tails to tolerate about a further 90% of the first dose was found to apply between six weeks and ten months after the first irradiation. B. The tolerance dose was reduced to about 65% of the original at the third irradiation, and this dose (approximately) remained tolerable at the fourth, fifth and sixth irradiation, all delivered at six week intervals. C. Subsequent to seven weeks after the sixth dose, late effects were observed as an atrophy of the tail, mostly distal to the healed irradiated region. The occurrence was very marked (occurring in about 40% of tails by eight months) compared with that observed after only one dose (not more than 4% by eight months). Hence, if the assay time was extended to eight months after irradiation to include these late effects, the tolerance dose for the tail after the sixth dose would be reduced to about 55% of the original value. PMID- 709023 TI - Iridium-192 afterloaded implant in the retreatment of head and neck cancers. PMID- 709024 TI - Positioning errors in bone mineral measurement. PMID- 709025 TI - "Floppy" into "flippy"--or two for the price of one. PMID- 709026 TI - New grey tone rapid process films for ultrasound imaging. PMID- 709027 TI - Diagnosis of an ileal duplication with sodium pertechnetate 99Tcm. PMID- 709028 TI - Inverted Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of anaemia and continuing blood loss. PMID- 709029 TI - A radiographically documented intra-uterine femoral fracture. PMID- 709030 TI - Education in, and status of, radiology in Europe. PMID- 709032 TI - Radiation protection in dentistry. PMID- 709031 TI - Absorbed radiation dose in radiation synovectomy. PMID- 709033 TI - Radiology now. The ten day rule--principles and practice. PMID- 709034 TI - Head injuries in children--aetiology, symptoms, physical findings and x-ray wastage. AB - One thousand and thirty-two consecutive children with head injuries have been studied. All were outpatients, and 1000 had X-rays requested and performed. Of those X-rayed, only 21 (2.1%) had fractures, whilst 129 cases (12.9%) required admission for observation. No patient developed complications from their injuries. The presence or absence of a fracture neither correlated with the clinical situation nor affected the management. The fact that two thirds of all new casualty attendances at UK hospitals have an X-ray examination (British Medical Journal, 1977) is an unjustified wastage. Much of this wastage is related to skull X-rays in trauma, especially in children. In only a minority of patients does the presence of a fracture result in any modification of treatment. Some suggestions as to indications for skull X-rays in trauma have been made to help select patients for radiography and to avert wastage. PMID- 709035 TI - Visualization of the cystic artery after injection of Pancreozymin. AB - In 84 patients selective angiography of the common hepatic artery before and after injection Pancreozymin was performed. The results prove that: 1. Pancreozymin produces visualization of the cystic artery and its branches and of the gall-bladder wall in the majority of these normal gall-bladders that are not visualized during angiography without Pancreozymin. 2. Pancreozymin improves visualization of many normal and pathological gall-bladders seen only faintly on angiography without Pancreozymin. 3. In a patient with an angiographically normal liver the non-visualization of the branches of the cystic artery or of the gall bladder wall after injection of Pancreozymin is a reliable sign of organic gall bladder disease, or of a collapsed gall-bladder seen sometimes in patients with bile duct or pancreatic tumour. PMID- 709037 TI - Constancy of radiation output during diagnostic x-ray expousers. AB - Variation in X-ray output and quality during a diagnostic exposure can be undesirable and may result in unnecessary dose to the patient. When significant build-up or decay periods are present errors will arise if factors obtained under steady-state conditions are employed to estimate the exposure. These parameters must be taken into account when calibrating X-ray generators. A variable speed spinning film device and a spectrometry system have been used to measure the variations under fluoroscopic and radiographic conditions for a number of generators. Variations in output due to filament heating, voltage supply and rectification, cable capacity and target pitting have been demonstrated. At low fluoroscopic currents, large surges and long decays have been observed; the significance of these effects is considered. PMID- 709036 TI - Hepatobiliary imaging: the use of 99Tcm-pyridoxylidene glutamate scanning in jaundiced adults and infants. AB - 99Tcm-pyridoxylidene glutamate (99Tcm-PG) scans have been carried out in 24 jaundiced adults (mean total bilirubin 255 mumol/l and 11 infants with prolonged obstructive jaundice (mean total bilirubin 165 mumol/l). Absence of radioactivity in the gut was interpreted as complete biliary obstruction which was the cause of jaundice in ten adults and six infants. Using this criterion occlusion or patency of the bile ducts was correctly determined in 21 adults and eight infants. False negative gut images were found in one adult and two infants, and three scans were inconclusive (two adults, one infant). The scan was unable to show details of the site of obstruction or pathology but the technique was simple and atraumatic and was safely performed in patients with serious complications, e.g. renal failure, coagulation defects, septicaemia. In infants the 99Tcm-PG scan compared well with the 131I rose bengal faecal excretion test and with liver biopsy in the investigation of prolonged obstructive jaundice. Repeat scans in infants with biliary atresia were used to assess postoperative bile drainage. It is suggested that 99Tcm-PG scanning is useful screening test in difficult cases of jaundice. It is especially useful in frail patients, and patients with complications. PMID- 709038 TI - Vascular permeability in the ears of rats after x-irradiation. AB - Late fibrosis in normal tissue is a complication which develops gradually after radiotherapy. It may be related to increase in vascular permeability induced by radiation. Plasma proteins leak into irradiated tissue where fibrinogen may be converted into fibrin which is gradually replaced by fibrous tissue. Vascular changes in the rat ear were investigated for six months after X-irradiation; Blood volume and vascular permeability were measured in vivo by monitoring the radioactivity in both irradiated and control ears after intravenous injection of phosphorus 32 labelled red cells and either iodinated (iodine 125) albumin or fibrinogen. After a single dose of 40 Gy there was an early increase in vascular permeability to both albumin and fibrinogen. After 20 Gy permeability to albumin was only increased during desquamation but extra-vascular fibrinogen accumulated at earlier times. Extravascular albumin was removed rapidly from irradiated ears, whereas some residual fibrinogen remained. Vascular permeability returned to normal but six weeks and showed no further changes up to six months after irradiation. Differences between the accumulation of extravascular albumin and fibrinogen at early times after irradiation could be due to some fibrinogen being fixed in the tissue. However, the rat ear showed no late changes comparable to the gradual development of late fibrosis seen in man. PMID- 709039 TI - The relationship between total dose, number of fractions and fractions size in the response of malignant melanoma in patients. AB - The response of melanomas was assessed retrospectively from the clinical notes on 52 patients from three centres in the United Kingdom. The response was very variable. A tentative isoeffect curve was fitted to the UK data which gave a good fit to data from a prospective study from Yale. Clinical data from the Melbourne Clinic on response and fraction size showed a similar response to that from the UK and the combined data showed that the response to fraction sizes of 400-800 rad was significantly better (p about 0.01) than to fraction sizes of 200-299 rad. PMID- 709040 TI - Technical note. Preparation of the colon prior to radiology--a comparison of the effectiveness of castor oil, Dulcodos and X-Prep liquid. PMID- 709041 TI - Non-thrombotic occlusion of the cavernous carotid from subdural empyema. PMID- 709042 TI - Miliary pulmonary infiltrates and penicillamine. PMID- 709043 TI - Bilateral pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip. PMID- 709044 TI - Phaeochromocytoma diagnosed during barium meal. PMID- 709045 TI - A giant retrofemoral Baker's cyst. PMID- 709046 TI - Human whole body line-scan imaging by NMR. PMID- 709047 TI - Radiation response of mice maintained on a defined diet. PMID- 709048 TI - Radiation exposure to the patient in computerized tomography. PMID- 709049 TI - The effect of misonidazole on lymphocytes. PMID- 709051 TI - Design of tomographic equipment. PMID- 709050 TI - Care with radiosensitizers. PMID- 709052 TI - Maintenance of "Graf Pen". PMID- 709053 TI - Medical iconography. PMID- 709054 TI - The design of the detector and collimators of a hybrid scanner. PMID- 709055 TI - ICRP 1977 recommendations and handling of radionuclide generators. PMID- 709056 TI - Report of the Standing Committee on Urological Instruments: endoscopes. PMID- 709057 TI - Renal growth following reimplantation of the ureters for reflux. AB - Renal growth after reimplantation of a refluxing ureter was measured in 17 patients (26 renal units). Measurements of renal length were made from intravenous pyelograms 1, 3 and 5 years post-operatively. Our findings showed that after successful antireflux surgery the rate of renal growth was greater than normal in the first post-operative year but between 1 and 5 years post operatively was normal. PMID- 709058 TI - An evaluation of techniques used for the production of temporary renal ischaemia. AB - Five techniques of producing temporary renal ischaemia have been evaluated in the rat. Damage was assessed by measuring inulin clearance, change in renal cortical intracellular water and 125I-fibrin deposition. Continuous renal artery occlusion produces significantly less renal damage than the other techniques commonly used. PMID- 709059 TI - The pattern of urolithiasis in the Sudan. AB - Vesical stones in children are the commonest stones in the Sudan. In recent years there has been a progressive increase in the number of operations for upper tract stone, suggesting a change in the pattern of urolithiasis. PMID- 709060 TI - Reimplantation of the wide ureter. AB - A modification of the technique of Politano and Leadbetter for reimplantation of wide ureters is described. Nine patients with obstructive megaureter (10 ureters) and 6 with gross vesicoureteric reflux (9 ureters) were treated. A satisfactory result was obtained in 6 of the obstructed patients (7 ureters) and ultimately, after re-operation, in 1 of the remaining ureters. Reflux was corrected in all 6 patients. This method requires less extravesical dissection than others involving extensive remodelling of the wide ureter. There is therefore less risk of damage to the distal ureteric blood supply and the natural flap valve mechanism at the ureteric orifice may be more effectively emulated. PMID- 709061 TI - The behaviour of the bladder during physical activity. AB - The technical difficulties of obtaining reliable recordings of bladder, rectal and detrusor pressures from patients who are standing, walking or exercising have been largely overcome by a method described in this paper. The recordings help us to understand the behaviour of the lower urinary tract during physical activity and are of value in the diagnosis of urological problems, especially incontinence. PMID- 709062 TI - Bladder neck incision--a treatment for retention with overflow in the absence of adenoma. AB - Twenty-five cases of outlet obstruction with decompensated bladders and minimal adenomatous enlargement were treated by transurethral bladder neck incision. The results showed that bladder neck incision was as effective as transurethral resection of bladder neck and prostate and was a useful operation, especially for the elderly uraemic patient. There were no complications and operating time was considerably less than that required for a formal transurethral resection. The operation should be reserved for cases of outflow obstruction with no or minimal adenomatous hyperplasia. PMID- 709063 TI - The effect of pelvic nerve stimulation and some drugs on the urethra and bladder of the dog. AB - Pelvic nerve stimulation caused an increase in pressure in both the urethra and bladder of anaesthetised dogs. The increases were only partially blocked by intravenous injection of atropine and were not significantly reduced by phentolamine, propranolol or methysergide. Quinidine produced some reduction in the bladder but not the urethral response. Hexamethonium reduced but did not abolish the responses to pelvic nerve stimulation. Close arterial injection of acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine increased the bladder and urethral pressures; noradrenaline produced a biphasic increase in urethral pressure but had no effect on the bladder; ATP increased bladder pressure but the response of the urethra was variable. The results indicate that some fibres in the pelvic nerve to the urethra as well as to the bladder are atropine resistant and suggest that transmission does not involve 5-hydroxytryptamine or noradrenaline and probably not ATP. The significance for treatment of detrusor dysfunction is discussed. PMID- 709064 TI - One-stage excision urethroplasty for stricture. AB - Forty-two patients have had a one-stage excision urethroplasty for localised strictures in the bulbous urethra. The stricture recurred in 2 patients, one requiring a scrotal flap urethroplasty and the other a further excision and repair with a good result. With careful selection this operation gives very good results and has been used successfully in the primary repair of complete rupture of the bulbous urethra. PMID- 709065 TI - Can follicle stimulating hormone estimation replace testicular biopsy in the diagnosis of obstructive azoospermia? AB - Sixty azoospermic men were investigated by means of testicular biopsy and estimation of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. High FSH levels when associated with small testes indicated severe testicular damage. We suggest that these findings offer sufficient evidence to regard such patients as infertile and that further investigation is unnecessary. In men with normal FSH levels testicular biopsy is still necessary for accurate diagnosis; in practice this may often be done at the same time as epididymovasostomy. PMID- 709066 TI - Immunological studies of testicular tissue in oligozoospermic and azoospermic patients. AB - Testicular biopsies from 6 oligozoospermic and 12 azoospermic patients were examined histologically and immunohistologically. Evidence of maturation arrest and of Type II allergic reactions involving tubular basement membranes was found in all oligozoospermic patients. No evidence of an immune reaction was found in 9 azoospermic patients with maturation arrest. Unilateral or bilateral germ cell aplasia with evidence of mixed Type II and III or Type III and IV reactions was present in 2 oligozoospermic and 2 azoospermic patients. The findings have been interpreted to indicate that maturation arrest and germ cell aplasia may occasionally be linked in a chain of immunological events, initiated possibly by damage to tubular basement membranes. No correlation was demonstrable between the histological and immunohistological findings and indirect immunofluorescent tests for sperm antibodies. It is suggested that testicular biopsy is a potentially hazardous procedure in the investigation of infertility, and that prepubertal testicular tissues as well as sperm be used as antigens in the immunological investigation of infertility. PMID- 709068 TI - Neoplasms of tunica vaginalis. PMID- 709067 TI - Renogastric fistula. PMID- 709069 TI - Urethral syndrome associated with chlamydial infection of the urethra and cervix. PMID- 709070 TI - Fracture of the penis. PMID- 709071 TI - Torsion of the mesorchium--the testis twisted upon the epididymis. PMID- 709072 TI - Spermatic cord liposarcoma. PMID- 709073 TI - An isolated injury of right renal artery due to blunt trauma. PMID- 709074 TI - The role of ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of thyroid swellings. AB - This study has determined the ability of grey scale ultrasound to assess if a thyroid is normal or abnormal, if the appearances of the gland are specific for one disease and if the probability of malignancy can be determined. One hundred patients were studied, 65 with histologically confirmed diagnoses. It was found that the normal gland was distinguished from the abnormal with 99 per cent accuracy, simple cysts were diagnosed with 100 per cent accuracy and a specific disease diagnosis was given with 84 per cent accuracy. It was correctly stated in 87 patients that the disease was definitely benign, but in the remaining 12 patients (3 with cancer) it was stated that malignancy could not be excluded. PMID- 709075 TI - Intraoperative autotransfusion for elective aortic surgery. AB - Intraoperative autotransfusion using the Bentley ATS 100 was used in 23 patients requiring Dacron replacement of their abdominal aorta. An average 2000 ml of blood was reinfused and a total heparinization dose was given. The mean haemoglobin fell 2.8 g/dl and on average 2 pints of banked blood were given in the postoperative period. Coagulation studies performed before and after surgery showed minimal alteration. We feel that further evaluation of this system is essential so that an alternative is established for when banked blood is not available. The system is particularly useful at the present time for such emergencies as a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm and severe trauma to the liver. PMID- 709076 TI - The clinical scope and potential of isotope angiology. AB - Arterial imaging using a gamma-camera to follow an intravenously injected bolus of 98Tcm has been performed in over 200 patients. The technique has been found useful in the evaluation of emergency vascular problems, in routine cases where arteriography cannot be performed or is inadvisable and in the assessment and follow-up of patients with intermittent claudication and digital vessel disease. PMID- 709077 TI - The long term sequelae of deep vein thrombosis. AB - Five hundred and sixty-four patients undergoing abdominal surgery, who were carefully assessed at the time of operation for evidence of venous thrombosis, have been followed up to determine the incidence of leg symptoms, varicose veins and post-thrombotic syndrome. Patients are frequently troubled by pain, swelling and phlebitis, which can persist for up to a year after operation. New varicose veins developed by 1 year in 20 per cent of patients. These occurred with increased frequency in patients who also developed a deep vein thrombosis, but they were also seen in patients who showed no clinical or isotopic evidence of thrombosis. The post-thrombotic syndrome was present in 26 patients by 3 years after the operation; half of these patients had suffered the syndrome before the definitive operation. Assessment of the long term effects of venous thrombosis must be carried out against the background of similar effects seen in patients without thrombi, and the development of the post-thrombotic syndrome may best be considered as the summation of a number of incidents, overt or occult, occurring throughout a lifetime. PMID- 709078 TI - Pullthrough operation with delayed anastomosis for rectal cancer. AB - The technique of pullthrough resection with delayed anastomosis for carcinoma of the rectum as performed at the Cleveland Clinic is described. A series of 84 cases of rectal cancer treated in this way is reported. The average tumour diameter was 4.5 cm, the average margin of resection was 4.1 cm and the average distance of the tumour from the anus was 7.6 cm. The incidence of necrosis of the pullthrough was 1.2 per cent. The overall 5-year survival was 63 per cent with 100 per cent, 57 per cent and 53 per cent for Dukes' A, B and C tumours respectively. The quality of bowel function following surgery is described in detail. It is felt that this procedure has an important place in sphincter conservation in carcinoma of the middle third of the rectum. PMID- 709079 TI - Anterior highly selective vagotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy: a simple technique for denervating the parietal cell mass. PMID- 709080 TI - Immediate resection in the treatment of large bowel emergencies. AB - In a consecutive series of 122 patients who required an emergency operation for disease or injury of the colon or rectum, 80 (65 per cent) had an immediate resection of the diseased segment of bowel, with an operative mortality of 15 per cent. The free use of immediate resection is of benefit to patients, but good results depend on the experience of the surgeon and the use of a number of special techniques. PMID- 709081 TI - Parathyroid hormone and calcium homeostasis in acute pancreatitis. AB - Sequential daily measurements of plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been performed in 89 patients with acute pancreatitis. A total of 439 PTH assays was obtained during 98 episodes of the disease. Three main patterns of PTH response were found. These responses were correlated with severity of disease graded by objective criteria and also to corrected serum calcium levels. The first type of PTH response was characterized by significantly elevated PTH levels soon after hospitalization with a subsequent decrease in levels to within the normal range by the third or fourth day of illness. This type of response was specifically associated with transient severe hypocalcaemia (corrected calcium less than 2.0 mmol/l). It was also associated with the most severe forms of disease and 6 of the 7 deaths. The second type of PTH response revealed initial PTH values in the upper level of the normal range (400--600 ng/l) while persistently low PTH levels were characteristic of the third type of response. Persistently low PTH levels were associated with normocalcaemia, and no patient in this group died. None of a group of 14 control patients exhibited the type 1 PTH response. An effective PTH response to an unidentified hypocalcaemic stimulus results in satisfactory calcium homeostasis in most patients with acute pancreatitis. PMID- 709082 TI - The effect of highly selective vagotomy on the relationship between gastric mucosal blood flow and acid secretion in man. AB - Previous work has shown that the duodenal ulcer population can be defined by a lower ratio between gastric mucosal blood flow and acid secretion (during pentagastrin stimulation) than is found in normal subjects. The results of the present investigation have shown that the ratio is restored to normality by highly selective vagotomy. This suggests that increased tonic activity of the vagus on the parietal cell is one of the important disorders in duodenal ulceration. PMID- 709083 TI - Evidence for an enterotropic hormone: compensatory hyperplasia in defunctioned bowel. AB - The relative contributions of luminal and systemic factors to the development of compensatory intestinal hyperplasia were assessed by comparing the adaptive response to jejunal resection in functioning and defunctioned ileum. In Thiry- Vella loops of upper ileum, mucosal contents of RNA and DNA increased by 16--21 per cent 2--7 days after jejunectomy (P = 0.05--0.01), but DNA specific activity was unchanged. In lower ileum remaining in continuity with the nutrient stream, nucleic acids were elevated by 27--86 per cent (P less than 0.001) and specific activity by 34--36 per cent (P = 0.05--0.005). Proximal to the site of resection, duodenal hyperplasia was equally rapid but less intense than in the distal bowel. Full adaptation requires both intraluminal nutrients and enterotropic hormones to be present. PMID- 709085 TI - The aldosterone response to surgery and the relationship of the response to postoperative sodium retention. PMID- 709084 TI - Assessment of the nutritional state of patients with an intestinal fistula. AB - The arm muscle area, derived fat-free mass, urinary excretion of 3 methylhistidine and creatinine were measured serially in a group of patients with an intestinal fistula receiving prolonged nutritional support. While the two anthropometric tests appeared reasonable indicators of changes in muscle mass in these patients, the marked intra-individual variability in excretion of 3 methylhistidine and creatinine created problems in interpretation. It is suggested that more use be made of serial anthropometry in district general hospitals as an alternative, simple, measure of nutritional status. PMID- 709086 TI - Amoebic perforation of the bowel: experiences with 26 cases. AB - Over a period of 14 1/2 years, 26 instances of amoebic perforation of the bowel occurring in 25 patients were treated surgically. Nineteen perforations occurred in males and 7 in females, whose ages ranged from 3 to 74 years. The duration of symptoms varied from 12 h up to 5 months (average 15 days). All patients were toxic and a right lower quadrant mass was present in 14. The correct diagnosis was made or suspected in 14 (54 per cent). Amoebic perforation of the bowel should be suspected in patients presenting with an acute abdomen if a past history of fever, pain and diarrhoea is obtained, particularly if a large tender mass is present in the right iliac fossa. Resectional surgery was performed in 7 patients, with a mortality of 71 per cent, whereas procedures designed to divert the faecal stream were carried out in 19, with a mortality of 43 per cent. All 6 patients with concomitant liver abscesses died. If these patients are excluded, the mortality from resections was 60 per cent and from faecal diversion 27 per cent. Faecal diversion with wide drainage is the treatment of choice for amoebic perforation of the colon. PMID- 709087 TI - Poliomyelitis vaccines: killed or live? PMID- 709088 TI - Nutrition and the patient with cancer. PMID- 709089 TI - Living with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 709090 TI - Chenic acid for gall stones. PMID- 709091 TI - Prognosis of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. PMID- 709092 TI - Low-cholesterol diet: enhancement of effect of CDCA in patients with gall stones. AB - Fifteen patients with gall stones who were taking chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) 15 mg/kg at bedtime participated in two separate experiments to investigate the effects of altering sterol intake on the cholesterol saturation index (SI) of fasting gall-bladder bile. In experiment I the 15 patients on an unrestricted diet had a SI of 0.87 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SE of mean), which fell to 0.75 +/- 0.04 after one week in hospital on a diet of 100 mg cholesterol daily. In experiment II seven of the patients were given four different dietary regimens lasting one month each in random order as outpatients. On a diet of 600 mg of cholesterol daily the mean SI was 0.72 +/- 0.05, which fell to 0.67 +/- 0.05 when the patients were put on a 100 mg cholesterol diet. The addition of plant sterols (3 g daily) to both diets raised the mean SIs to 0.80 +/- 0.05 and 0.77 +/- 0.05 respectively. The percentage CDCA in bile was unaffected by alterations in the cholesterol and plant sterol intakes. We conclude that a low-cholesterol diet but not a high intake of plant sterols enhances the effect of CDCA in patients with gall stones. PMID- 709093 TI - Mortality and morbidity of reusing dialysers. A report by the registration committee of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. AB - The practice of reusing dialysers in renal units in the UK was surveyed by examining the patient questionnaires returned to the EDTA registration committee for 1976 and by a special questionnaire sent to all UK renal units. Altogether 65.6% of the 1785 patients treated with non-disposable dialysers and 49.6% of the 1109 treated with disposable dialysers reused their equipment. Reuse of dialysers caused some morbidity but no mortality. Most centres where disposable dialysers were used accepted that their reuse was necessary because of financial constraints and was ethically defensible. PMID- 709094 TI - A method for self-assessment of disability before and after hip replacement operations. AB - A standardised form was developed to review the daily problems suffered by patients with arthritis of the hip and provide clinicians with information for planning treatment and in judging subsequent progress. The reports made by various patients in a preliminary study provided 81 statements on pain, restricted movements, and restricted activities that were then tested to identify the most reliable. The responses of 32 patients waiting for hip replacements and 66 patients who had undergone operation were compared with independent assessments of pain and physical limitations. The 33 statements eventually selected were chosen mainly on the basis of their sensitivity to differences between preoperative and postoperative patients and their correlation with the independent assessments. The final questionnaire provides a valid and concise summary of a patient's disabilities and is simple enough for the patient to complete while waiting to see the doctor. PMID- 709095 TI - Screening for impaired visual acuity in middle age in general practice. AB - Screening for impaired distant visual acuity was one component of a controlled trial of multiphasic screening in middle age carried out in two general practices. The prevalence of impaired visual acuity (6/18 or worse in the better eye) at the initial screening in 1967 was 9.6% overall, ranging from 5.9% in people aged 40-49 years to 16.3% in those aged over 60. The question "Do you have difficulty seeing distant objects?" had a low sensitivity and high specificity, rendering it unsatisfactory for use in mass population screening for visual impairment. The prevalences of impaired visual acuity in the screening and control groups at the survey in 1972 showed no significant differences in any age group. Mass screening for defects of visual acuity in the course of a multiphasic examination is thus unlikely to reduce the prevalence of impaired distant visual acuity in the community. PMID- 709096 TI - Effect of cirrhosis of the liver on the pharmacokinetics of chlormethiazole. AB - The pharmacokinetics of chlormethiazole were studied in eight patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver and in six healthy volunteers after oral and intravenous administration of the drug. In the patients the systemic bioavailability of oral chlormethiazole was increased about tenfold, whereas its elimination was only slightly retarded. The increased bioavailability was clearly due to decreased first-pass metabolism of chlormethiazole in the cirrhotic liver. The results indicate that chlormethiazole should be used in reduced dosage when given by mouth to patients with cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 709097 TI - Simultaneous measurement of a deficit in total body calcium and phosphorus in diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 709098 TI - Soft tissue sarcomas and intramuscular injections: an epidemiological survey. PMID- 709099 TI - Prolonged treatment of high-renin hypertension with a converting enzyme inhibitor. PMID- 709100 TI - Epidemiology for the uninitiated. What is a case? Dichotomy or continuum? PMID- 709101 TI - How to organise an international medical meeting. VI: The social programme. PMID- 709102 TI - Isolating patients in hospital to control infection. Part V--An isolation system. PMID- 709103 TI - Hypertension. PMID- 709104 TI - Waiting lists for cardiac surgery. PMID- 709106 TI - Sexual pressures on children. PMID- 709105 TI - Medical care in inner cities. PMID- 709107 TI - Comparison of the time and Mantoux tuberculin tests. PMID- 709108 TI - Hospital equipment "Which?". PMID- 709109 TI - Radiology work load. PMID- 709110 TI - Investigating stroke. PMID- 709111 TI - Chlormethiazole addiction. PMID- 709112 TI - Breathing other people's smoke. PMID- 709113 TI - Misdiagnosis of amoebiasis. PMID- 709114 TI - Arenaviruses in perspective. PMID- 709115 TI - Adverse reactions to intravenous induction agents. PMID- 709116 TI - Cord Mayor Treloar Hospital, Alton. PMID- 709117 TI - Distribution of registrars. PMID- 709118 TI - General practice records. PMID- 709120 TI - GP partnerships. PMID- 709119 TI - Q fever: 1976-7. PMID- 709121 TI - Diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 709123 TI - Basics. PMID- 709122 TI - Expanding role for pharmacists. PMID- 709124 TI - Uncomfortable questions on manpower. PMID- 709125 TI - Surma and lead poisoning. AB - Blood lead concentrations were measured in 62 Asian children, of whom 37 had definitely had surma applied to their eyes and 25 were thought not to have done. The mean concentration in those who had not used surma was 0.98 +/- SD 0.42 mumol/1 (20.3 +/- 8.7 microgram/100 ml) compared with 1.65 +/- 0.68 mumol/4 (34.2 +/- 14.1 microgram/100 ml) in those who had. Analysis of 29 different samples of surma showed 23 of them to be composed largely of lead sulphide. We conclude that the use of surma is associated with high blood lead concentrations. In our cases most of it had been obtained abroad, and hence government restrictions might be ineffective in limiting its use: a better method of prevention might be to inform the leaders of Asian communities of the risks. PMID- 709126 TI - Heart valve replacement in the elderly. AB - From January 1973 to December 1976, 70 operations for heart valve replacement were performed on 68 patients aged 65--75 years. These comprised 40 aortic valve replacements, 27 mitral valve replacements, and three aortic and mitral valve replacements. Three patients died within 30 days of operation (early mortality 4.3%), and five died 12 weeks to three years after operation. Four patients showed no improvement. The results were excellent or good in the remaining 56 patients. Valve replacemnt can restore to a useful independent life elderly patients who would otherwise be a burden on costly social and medical domiciliary services. The indications for valve surgery in the elderly should therefore be the same as in any other age group. PMID- 709127 TI - Lack of relation between venous plasma total catecholamine concentrations and ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Electrocardiographic tracings were recorded continuously to monitor ventricular tachycardia and R-on-T and R-on-apex-T ventricular premature beats, and repeated estimations of venous plasma total catecholamine concentrations were carried out in 26 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction. No relation existed between the increased catecholamine concentrations found in these patients and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias occurring six to 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. PMID- 709128 TI - Pupillary signs in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Pupillary function was investigated in 36 insulin-dependent diabetics and 36 controls matched for age and sex. About half of the diabetics had evidence of peripheral somatic or autonomic neuropathy, or both. The diabetic patients had abnormally small pupil diameters in the dark and less fluctuation in pupil size (hippus) during continuous illumination than the controls. They also had reduced reflex responses to light flashes of an intensity adjusted for individual retinal sensitivities. The pupillary findings were compared with results of five tests of cardiovascular function and five tests of peripheral sensory and motor nerve function. Almost all the patients with autonomic neuropathy had pupillary signs, which we therefore conclude are a common manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 709129 TI - Oral tuberculosis--an unusual presentation. PMID- 709130 TI - Computerised tomography in severe methanol intoxication. PMID- 709131 TI - HLA and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. PMID- 709132 TI - Diagnosis of closed neural tube defects by ultrasound in second trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 709133 TI - Anuria in pregnancy. PMID- 709134 TI - Anergy--a prognostic indicator in early breast cancer. PMID- 709135 TI - Stercoral perforation: case of drug-induced impaction. PMID- 709136 TI - Self-administration of metallic mercury by intravenous injection. PMID- 709137 TI - Taking medical histories through interpreters: practice in a Nigerian outpatient department. AB - Consultations through interpreters in the medical outpatient department of a Nigerian hospital were tape-recorded. These recordings were translated completely into English and transcribed, and the performance of the interpreters was analysed. The interpreters often did not provide word-for-word translations of what the doctor or patient had said. Some of these deviations were helpful, but others were confusing or incorrect. In particular, interpreters were inclined to conduct much of the consultations themselves. Hospitals using interpreters should ensure that they have no conflicting duties during consultations and that they have some training in language and interpretation. The quality of interpretation should be checked by native-speaking doctors and by using recordings. Doctors using interpreters should try to make sure that everything said is translated and check the patient's answers by asking questions in several ways. PMID- 709138 TI - How to chair a committee. PMID- 709139 TI - Early detection of scoliosis. PMID- 709141 TI - Letter from...Chicago. Reverse discrimination. PMID- 709140 TI - Epidemiology for the uninitiated. Rates. PMID- 709142 TI - Health information systems. PMID- 709144 TI - Blood cultures for diagnosis of endocarditis. PMID- 709145 TI - Misdiagnosis of amoebiasis. PMID- 709146 TI - Syringe-transmitted hepatitis. PMID- 709143 TI - Behcet's disease. PMID- 709147 TI - Antibiotics in endocarditis. PMID- 709148 TI - Asthma in children. PMID- 709149 TI - Falls and femoral fractures. PMID- 709150 TI - Abuse of pentazocine. PMID- 709151 TI - Swaddling and congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 709153 TI - Central venous catheter embolism. PMID- 709152 TI - Aminoglycosides in patients with impaired renal function. PMID- 709154 TI - Misuse of hypnosis. PMID- 709155 TI - Patient package inserts. PMID- 709156 TI - Side effects of antibodies in mountain climbers. PMID- 709157 TI - Successful defibrillation general practice. PMID- 709158 TI - When and why are babies weaned ? PMID- 709159 TI - Abuse of asthma cigarettes. PMID- 709160 TI - Closed shop in the USA. PMID- 709161 TI - Inhibition of fibrinolysis and abruptio placentae. PMID- 709162 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias due to chloral hydrate poisoning. PMID- 709163 TI - Rubella vaccination and pregnancy. PMID- 709164 TI - Iodine and acetone-containing plastic spray dressings. PMID- 709165 TI - Neonatal chlamydia conjunctivitis. PMID- 709166 TI - Penicillamine and previous treatment with gold. PMID- 709167 TI - HLA B27 and risk of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 709168 TI - Atopic dermatitis and the forefoot. PMID- 709169 TI - Early arrhythmias and prognosis in myocardial infarction. PMID- 709170 TI - Medical care in inner cities. PMID- 709171 TI - General practice records. PMID- 709172 TI - Medical staffing of hospital geriatric units. PMID- 709173 TI - Time and the consultation in general practice. PMID- 709174 TI - Obstetric care in the central Canadian Arctic. AB - All pregnancies that occurred during 1971-5 among 4000 Canadian Eskimos living in isolated settlements in a district of the North-west Territories were reviewed. Obstetric care was provided in settlement nursing stations, at a base hospital manned by general practitioners, and at a teaching hospital in Winnipeg. Of the 622 infants delivered in 1971-5 218 were delivered in nursing stations by midwives, 338 in the base hospital, and 54 in the teaching hospital. Caesarean sections were performed in 10 cases, and the perinatal mortality was 25.7 per 1000 births. Though it is hard to defend patients delivering their babies in remote areas with no medical help, the results seemed to be acceptable. The credit for this goes to experienced midwives, a liberal evacuation policy, close co-operation from general practitioners, and the specialist visiting and consulting service. PMID- 709176 TI - Epidemiology for the uninitiated. Observer variation. PMID- 709175 TI - Treatment of migraine. PMID- 709177 TI - Drug treatment of psychiatric patients in general practice. AB - The prescribing of psychotropic drugs by general practitioners was assessed by analysing the drug treatment of all patients referred from general practice to a psychiatric outpatient clinic over four years. Of the 287 patients, 220 were taking one or more of 56 different psychotropic drugs at referral, diazepam being the most common. Benzodiazepines and barbiturates had been taken for significantly longer than other drugs, and, of a total of 342 drugs, 61 had been prescribed regularly for over a year. Half of the drugs were considered to be incorrectly prescribed on pharmacological grounds, the main errors being unnecessarily prolonged regular treatment, incorrect dosage (particularly common with antidepressants), and polypharmacy with drugs of similar pharmacological action. A basic grounding in the pharmacology of psychotropic drugs might help practitioners to avoid prescribing errors of this kind. PMID- 709178 TI - Subscriptions to medical defence societies. PMID- 709179 TI - Shortage of cocaine hydrochloride. PMID- 709181 TI - Medicine or meetings. PMID- 709180 TI - Children who cannot read. PMID- 709182 TI - Use of digitalis in general practice. PMID- 709183 TI - Carcinoid of the breast. PMID- 709184 TI - Relevance of duration of transient ischaemic attacks in carotid territory. PMID- 709185 TI - Waiting lists for cardiac surgery. PMID- 709186 TI - Radiology work load. PMID- 709187 TI - Inadequacy of information on side effects. PMID- 709189 TI - Effect of quinidine on plasma concentration of digoxin. PMID- 709188 TI - Starting on the pill. PMID- 709190 TI - Patient package inserts. PMID- 709191 TI - Health education in schools. PMID- 709192 TI - Carcinoma of the breast in women under the age of 30. PMID- 709193 TI - Bacterial colonisation of small intestine in tropical malabsorption. PMID- 709194 TI - Nasogastric suction in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 709195 TI - Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland. PMID- 709196 TI - Toilet paper and spread of infection. PMID- 709197 TI - Hospital inquires. PMID- 709198 TI - Medical manpower: the next twenty years. Government discussion paper. PMID- 709199 TI - Thyroid disease and pregnancy. PMID- 709200 TI - Hypnosis in the HNS. PMID- 709201 TI - Preventing cerebral palsy. PMID- 709202 TI - Current vital statistics: methods and interpretation. PMID- 709203 TI - Neonatal death in Northern Ireland. AB - A survey of neonatal deaths occurring over two years in Northern Ireland disclosed that many hospitals where babies could be born probably could not be staffed and equipped to deal effectively with major perinatal problems. The incidence of congenital malformations, especially neural tube defects, was high. A reduction in neonatal deaths from this cause might be expected if facilities for antenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy were made available, although this raises grave ethical problems. Many infants died of prematurity and the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. A considerable reduction in neonatal deaths might be expected with improved care at the place of delivery backed by a regional centre with facilities for transporting and treating severely ill infants needing intensive care. PMID- 709204 TI - National Childhood Encephalopathy Study: an interim report. AB - Data from the first year of the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study were reviewed to see whether any relation was apparent between pertussis vaccination and brain disease. Three hundred and eighty-seven cases of encephalitis and other specified neurological conditions in which the children were admitted to hospital were reported, of which 267 satisfied the study criteria. Control children were matched for age with the index cases, and medical and immunisation histories were reviewed. Few of the index cases had been vaccinated within 28 days before admission to hospital, so that no close association between vaccination and brain disease existed in most cases. The number of children who had recently been immunised was too small for any statistically useful conclusion to be reached about the risk associated with pertussis vaccine. The study is continuing. PMID- 709205 TI - Thyroid crisis and tracheal compression in patient with retrosternal goitre. PMID- 709206 TI - Outpatient suite: a new design. PMID- 709207 TI - Relapsing polychondritis: an autoimmune disease? PMID- 709208 TI - Enigmatic pelvic pain. PMID- 709209 TI - After splenectomy. PMID- 709210 TI - London's postgraduate hospitals. PMID- 709211 TI - Research on children. PMID- 709212 TI - Disentangling Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 709213 TI - Untrained community help in the rehabilitation of stroke sufferers with language disorder. AB - The Newcastle Speech-After-Stroke Project is one of many schemes in Britain that have used untrained helpers to set up community clubs and home visiting for dysphasic stroke sufferers. To examine the contribution to rehabilitation made by such activities, patients' language abilities and social confidence were assessed when they entered the project and after about six months. Formal tests of language showed no significant improvement after six months, but social confidence increased. Such projects can make a valuable contribution in helping dysphasic people to regain a role in the community. Nevertheless, too much should not be expected of them in the way of direct help in the patients' recovery of language. PMID- 709214 TI - Decreased first-pass metabolism of labetalol in chronic liver disease. AB - The effect of chronic liver disease on the rate of elimination and extent of "first-pass" metabolism of labetalol was studied. Pharmacokinetic measurements were made after both oral and intravenous administration to seven healthy subjects and to 10 patients with chronic liver disease. Plasma half life was similar in the two groups. Plasma concentrations were considerably higher in the patients than in the healthy subjects after oral administration but similar after intravenous injection. Thus the bioavailability of labetalol was increased in liver disease due to reduced first-pass metabolism. Bioavailability in the group of patients correlated negatively with serum albumin concentration. There were falls in supine heart rate and blood pressure which tended to be greater after oral administration in the patients with liver disease, suggesting an exaggerated response related to the increased bioavailability. Oral dosage requirements of labetalol and possibly other drugs susceptible to first-pass metabolism are reduced in the presence of liver disease. PMID- 709215 TI - Anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibody concentrations after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - Serum concentrations of anti-acetylcholine-receptor (anti-AChR) antibody were measured in patients with myasthenia gravis. In those patients undergoing thymectomy concentrations were measured before and after the operation to see whether there might be a connection between the thymus and antibody production. We found no correlation between antibody concentration and either thymectomy or duration and severity of the disease before the operation. Our results suggest that if anti-AChR antibodies are the principal pathogenic factor in myasthenia gravis then immunological and neurophysical variables other than the total serum anti-AChR antibody concentration contribute to the severity of the disease. PMID- 709216 TI - A different kind of day hospital--for patients with preterminal cancer and chronic disease. AB - A new day hospital has been set up in Sheffield for patients with preterminal cancer and chronic disease. During the first 26 months 197 patients with cancer and 66 chronically sick patients attended. Of the 2701 attendances by patients with cancer, breast cancer accounted for 38%. One hundred and forty of the patients with cancer died, 83% in the terminal-care unit and 12% at home. Ninety per cent of respondents to a questionnaire thought that the support provided was of great importance to both patient and family; and over two-thirds of the patients were said to have benefited from improved control of symptoms. A similar facility could be developed within existing day hospitals without major revenue consequences, and should produce a genuine improvement in care. This study suggests, however, that it would not shorten the terminal stay in hospital. PMID- 709217 TI - Precocious puberty and non-accidental injury. PMID- 709218 TI - Intestinal permeability assessed by excretion ratios of two molecules: results in coeliac disease. PMID- 709219 TI - Deaths under 50. Medical Services Study Group of the Royal College of Physicians of London. AB - The Medical Services Study Group has started a collaborative study in the Mersey, West Midlands, and Grampian regions to examine the causes of death among medical inpatients aged 1 to 50. The cause of death is determined from the case notes and the consultant's opinion. The rate of ascertainment of cases was initially low, though it is increasing; despite this limitation an analysis of the first 250 cases showed one important finding. No fewer than 98 patients contributed to their own deaths through overeating, drinking, smoking, or not complying with treatment. Despite the present statistical limitations of the study, it has been valuable in enlisting the good will of the participating physicians, which will help to ensure the success of other projects, and it has avoided the problems inherent in determining the cause of death from death certificates alone. PMID- 709220 TI - Death certification and epidemiological research. Medical Services Study Group of the Royal College of Physicians of London. AB - The cause of death shown on 191 death certificates was compared with the cause indicated by the hospital case notes, the consultants' opinions, and the necropsy findings. All 191 deaths occurred among medical hospital patients aged under 50. In 39 cases there was a major discrepancy between the two sources over the cause of death and in another 54 ther was a minor but epidemiologically important difference. Death certificates are not primarily intended for epidemiological research, but researchers often rely on them. This and other studies have shown, however, that death certificates are often inaccurate records of the cause of death--even coroner's certificates issued after a coroner's necropsy. The accuracy of death certificates might be improved if coroners consulted clinicians more closely and if senior hospital staff completed hospital death certificates. PMID- 709221 TI - How to do it. Raise funds. PMID- 709223 TI - Epidemiology for the uninitiated. Repeatability and validity. PMID- 709222 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 709224 TI - Mental Health Act and consent to electroplexy. PMID- 709225 TI - Misdiagnosis of amoebiasis. PMID- 709226 TI - Amoebiasis and corticosteroids. PMID- 709227 TI - Hospital equipment "Which"? PMID- 709228 TI - Syringe-transmitted hepatitis. PMID- 709229 TI - Special care of human milk. PMID- 709230 TI - Preventing deaths from malaria. PMID- 709231 TI - African travel. PMID- 709232 TI - Childhood epilepsy. PMID- 709233 TI - Paediatric anaesthesia. PMID- 709234 TI - False-negative hypoglycaemic screening test for patients in coma. PMID- 709235 TI - Erythema chronicum migrans in Britain. PMID- 709236 TI - Ingrowing toenails in infancy. PMID- 709237 TI - Diflunisal and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 709238 TI - Intraoperative management of phaeochromocytoma with sodium nitroprusside. PMID- 709239 TI - Changing advice on vaccination. PMID- 709240 TI - Indwelling pericardial catheter in cardiac tamponade. PMID- 709241 TI - Paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 709242 TI - Propranolol for acute migraine. PMID- 709243 TI - Thyroid extract. PMID- 709245 TI - Health Service Commissioner and the Rhyl case. PMID- 709244 TI - Maternal nutrition and infant birth weight. PMID- 709246 TI - Medical care in inner cities. PMID- 709247 TI - General practice records. PMID- 709248 TI - Private outpatient consultations in the NHS--where do we stand? PMID- 709249 TI - Pay-beds: proposed withdrawals for 1979. PMID- 709250 TI - Caring for babies of very low birth weight. PMID- 709251 TI - The telephone in general practice. PMID- 709252 TI - Crohn's disease--40 years on. PMID- 709253 TI - Homes for tuberculous homeless alcoholics. PMID- 709254 TI - Zuckerman overtaken. PMID- 709255 TI - Changing social-class distribution of heart disease. AB - Analysis of mortality trends over 40 years in England and Wales showed that mortality from coronary heart disease had become progressively more common in working-class men and women than in those from the middle and upper classes. The change was most noticeable for men. Whereas in 1931 and 1951 heart disease was more common in men of social classes I and II, by 1961 it was more common in men of classes IV and V. This change in social-class distribution can only partly be explained by changes in diagnostic methods. The worsening mortality of classes IV and V correlated with relatively more smoking, a higher consumption of sugar, and a lower consumption of wholemeal bread in these classes. There was no correlation between change in heart disease and change in the social-class pattern of fat consumption. PMID- 709256 TI - How often should patients be reviewed after treatment with iodine-131 for thyrotoxicosis? AB - Six to 18 years after treatment with iodine-131 for thyrotoxicosis 69 euthyroid patients with raised serum thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations (mean 25.0 +/- SE 2.0 mU/l) and 61 with normal concentrations (mean 4.0 +/- 0.2 mU/l) were included in a prospective five-year follow-up study beginning in 1972. During this period 13 patients from the original group with raised serum TSH concentrations became hypothyroid. In contrast it was five years before hypothyroidism developed in a single patient from the group with normal serum TSH concentrations in 1972, although raised concentrations were recorded in 19 of these patients during the study. PMID- 709257 TI - The social toll of Crohn's disease. AB - Eighty-five outpatients with Crohn's disease who knew their diagnosis and that the disease was subject to relapse were interviewed. The personalities of the women as measured by the Eysenck personality questionnaire were similar to those of a control group, but the men were more neurotic and introverted. Most patients continued to live optimistic, useful lives; they felt well, continued to work, hoped that their disease would not deteriorate in the future, and often had an improved relationship with their spouse despite less frequent sexual intercourse. We found that the successful adaptation of patients to this chronic disease was more closely related to their personality than to the activity or extent of the disease. PMID- 709258 TI - Respiratory distress syndrome in infants of Cardiff residents during 1965-75. AB - The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among singleton infants of Cardiff residents was greater during 1970-4 than in the preceding five years. This was consistent with changes in the distribution of gestational age and birth weight. Case fatality rates among infants with RDS fell only slightly during the period examined. Detailed examination of secular trends during 1965-75 suggested (a) that increased use of elective delivery without assessment of pulmonary maturity increases the risk of RDS, and (b) that innovations in the management of RDS during the early 1970s cannot be assumed to have had widespread impact on case fatality rates. PMID- 709259 TI - Increasing prevalence of breast-feeding. AB - Two studies were performed to gauge the prevalence of and attitudes towards breast-feeding. Mothers delivered in one month in 1975 and in one month in 1977 were sent a questionnaire one month later to determine whether they were breast feeding their babies; those that were received a second questionnaire at three months. The prevalence of breast-feeding increased significantly between 1975 and 1977, and in both periods primiparas were more likely to breast-feed than multiparas. A survey of mothers' intentions to breast-feed showed that there were no significant racial differences, but that 82% of women in social classes I and II intended to breast-feed compared with 54% in classes IV and V. These results show that, although the level of breast-feeding was high in 1975, a campaign directed at mothers, doctors, midwives, and health visitors did increase the prevalence of breast-feeding. PMID- 709260 TI - Microcrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite compound in corticosteroid-treated rheumatoid patients: a controlled study. PMID- 709261 TI - Serum trypsin concentrations in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 709262 TI - Tinel's sign and the carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 709263 TI - Timing of female sterilisation. PMID- 709264 TI - Serious verapamil poisoning: treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate. PMID- 709266 TI - Minimum information needed by prescribers. AB - The prescriber needs adequate and concise information about each product that he uses, to allow him to obtain optimal effects while minimising harm. Neither the present UK data sheets nor their equivalents in other countries have succeeded in providing such information clearly or completely. This paper develops the proposals on the arrangement of drug information made in the WHO report "The selection of essential drugs." Three sets of minimum information (on tetracycline, propranolol, and aspirin) which illustrate this approach were compared with the manufacturers' data sheets: the latter were incomplete. The information content of our proposals was worked out with a group of clinical pharmacologists, general practitioners, and specialists, and we suggest that this approach should be extended to other drugs. PMID- 709265 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica and primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 709267 TI - Package inserts for prescribed medicines: what minimum information do patients need? AB - The information a patient needs about a prescribed medicine can be determined by considering what responsibilities he can assume in relation to taking medicine. When the medicine has been dispensed the patient needs to know how to take the drug; how to store the drug; how it is expected to help; and how to recognise problems and what to do about them. A guide was designed to specify what information is required to meet these needs. Using this guide, a set of minimum information on tetracycline was prepared that aimed at being brief, specific, and readable. The best format for the information remains to be determined. Since leaflets produced by professional organisations are generally unsuitable for these purposes, information sets should be put together by small independent groups consisting of clinical pharmacologists, clinicians, pharmacists, and consumers. Each country should produce its own sets, adapting model sets to the circumstances of local practice. PMID- 709268 TI - The Safety Net and preregistration posts. AB - The Safety Net is a clearing system that collects and distributes information about preregistration posts remaining unallocated after as many doctors as possible have been placed by local efforts. Provided that the local systems operate in the final year, the Safety Net should ensure that each student has a post allocated to him before he sits the final examination. PMID- 709269 TI - Clinical examination, xeromammography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of breast tumours. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination, xeromammography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology was compared with definitive histological findings in 255 breast lumps excised during one year. When suitable aspirates were obtained for cytological examination the diagnostic accuracy of aspiration cytology was higher than clinical examination or xeromammography. A diagnostic accuracy of 99% was achieved when all three screening tests were in agreement. As well as confirming a clinical diagnosis of malignancy, cytology is useful in identifying malignancy when clinical findings suggest that the tumour is benign. The availability of accurate cytology has affected patient management in many ways. Xeromammography did not enhance the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination and aspiration cytology in patients presenting with a breast lump and, as a procedure with potential hazard, the benefit of routine xeromammography is questionable when an efficient cytological service is available. PMID- 709270 TI - Planning a survey. PMID- 709271 TI - Early treatment of myocardial infarction in the community. AB - The prehospital management of acute myocardial infarction by general practitioners and emergency-treatment service physicians was analysed in 53 patients. The correct clinical diagnosis was made or suggested before admission in 47 patients. Only 25 patients received analgesics from the general practitioner, and 32 were still in pain and needed diamorphine on admission to hospital. Only one patient received antiarrythmic treatment. The findings suggest that, despite accurate clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, deficiencies exist in the prehospital phase of management and that education programmes are worth consideration. PMID- 709272 TI - How to do it . . . Appear on television. PMID- 709273 TI - Duodenal ulcers. PMID- 709274 TI - Health and safety at work. PMID- 709275 TI - Heat stroke in a "run for fun". PMID- 709276 TI - Preventing deaths from malaria. PMID- 709277 TI - Shortcomings of the NHS: a yawning chasm. PMID- 709278 TI - Natural history and prognosis of recurrent breast cancer. PMID- 709279 TI - Surma and lead poisoning. PMID- 709280 TI - Hormone receptors in breast cancer. PMID- 709281 TI - Radiology work load. PMID- 709282 TI - Behcet's disease. PMID- 709283 TI - Body weight and endocrine function in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 709284 TI - Eyesight standard for driving. PMID- 709285 TI - Hypotensive effect of propranolol and phenoperidine in tetanus. PMID- 709286 TI - Phenothiazine-induced dystonic reaction while swimming. PMID- 709287 TI - Hypertension and oral contraceptives. PMID- 709288 TI - Persistence of barbiturate prescribing. PMID- 709289 TI - Solving clinical questions by research. PMID- 709290 TI - Interaction of warfarin with antacid constituents. PMID- 709291 TI - Paraldehyde and plastic syringes. PMID- 709292 TI - Streptococcus bovis endocarditis with carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 709293 TI - Absence of interaction of digoxin with antacids under clinical conditions. PMID- 709294 TI - Management of dermatomyositis. PMID- 709295 TI - Payment of ancillary staff. PMID- 709296 TI - Pricing the consultants' contract. PMID- 709297 TI - Use and abuse of medical women. PMID- 709298 TI - Prescribing and family planning. PMID- 709299 TI - Suicide and parasuicide. PMID- 709300 TI - Glue ear and grommets. PMID- 709301 TI - Thinking about the unthinkable. PMID- 709302 TI - Terminal symptoms in children dying suddenly and unexpectedly at home. Preliminary report of the DHSS multicentre study of postneonatal mortality. AB - Terminal symptoms in 145 children who died suddenly and unexpectedly at home were investigated and compared with symptoms in 154 control children. Eighty-five (59%) of the children who died had had terminal symptoms, which in 69 cases (48%) appeared to have been major. Non-specific symptoms were especially common among the children who died. Symptoms were often present for several days before death. Only 12 of the 69 children who died with major symptoms had been seen by a doctor within 24 hours before death. We conclude that many deaths in young children might be prevented if doctors and parents were more aware of the importance of non-specific symptoms as markers of life-threatening illness. PMID- 709303 TI - Severe hyponatraemia in hospital inpatients. AB - A prospective study of severe hyponatraemia in adult hospital inpatients showed that 44 patients had plasma sodium concentrations below 125 mmol(mEq)/1. Eighteen cases (41%) were iatrogenic, caused by diuretic treatment or postoperative administration of intravenous 5% dextrose, or both. Chest infection, a seldom recognised and ill-understood cause of hyponatraemia, proved more common than carcinoma of the bronchus. Thirty-one patients had symptoms attributable to the hyponatraemia, but these were severe in only five cases. Analysis of blood and urine was of no value in distinguishing the different diagnostic groups in an emergency. PMID- 709305 TI - Urodynamic findings in chronic retention of urine and their relevance to results of surgery. AB - Fifty-five consecutive male patients aged 18-77 with chronic retention of urine were investigated urodynamically. All were shown to have obstructed micturition. Inflow cystometry defined two groups, one with high-pressure and one with low pressure filling. Recent-onset enuresis and upper-tract dilatation as seen on radiography were significantly associated with high-pressure bladder filling. Postoperative studies showed that patients with high-pressure filling on preoperative cystometryhad a better response to outflow-tract surgery. The poor response of the patients with low-pressure filling was due to a high incidence of inadequate detrusor contraction leading to persistent residual urine. Thus urodynamic studies may be used to indicate which patients are likely to benefit from prostatectomy and, after the operation, whether the obstruction has been relieved. PMID- 709304 TI - Benign postinfection polymyositis. AB - Six patients developed persistent muscular cramps, aching pain, and fatigability after an influenza-like illness. Electromyography showed myopathic changes, although results of routine laboratory investigations were normal in all but one patient, whose serum creatine kinase concentration was slightly increased. All but one of the patients improved: three were asymptomatic within one to two years. The syndrome was probably a benign form of polymyositis. PMID- 709306 TI - Ethanol-induced increase in drug acetylation in man and isolated rat liver cells. AB - Sixteen healthy volunteers took part in a cross-over study examining the effect of ethanol on the rate of sulphadimidine acetylation (blood ethanol concentration about 1 g/1). In both rapid and slow acetylators the apparent half life of the drug decreased by about 20% after ethanol (mean reduction 39 +/- SE 8 min) and the amount of drug acetylated, measured in blood and urine, increased. In three slow acetylators the rate of acetylation in blood increased so noticeably after ethanol that they would otherwise have been classified as rapid acetylators. Suspensions of isolated rat liver cells showed an increase of about 30% in the rate of sulphadimidine acetylation after the addition of ethanol (2 g/1). Patients' usual alcohol consumption should be taken into account in determining their acetylator status. PMID- 709307 TI - Prophylaxis against systemic infection after transrectal biopsy for suspected prostatic carcinoma. AB - Five minutes after transrectal prostatic biopsy 16 out of 21 patients were shown by blood culture to have bacteraemia. Antibiotic prophylaxis--routinely with ampicillin and metronidazole for 48 hours--prevented progression to septicaemia, and four days after the procedure all blood samples were negative. Irrespective of whether antibiotic prophylaxis is used, blood culture should be routine in all patients undergoing transrectal prostatic biopsy. PMID- 709308 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of fetal duodenal atresia by ultrasonic scan. PMID- 709309 TI - Serum 2-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity and ineffective erythropoiesis. PMID- 709310 TI - Effect of chlormethiazole on serum prolactin. PMID- 709311 TI - Diabetes mellitus in idiopathic haemochromatosis. PMID- 709312 TI - Partial mastectomy for breast cancer. PMID- 709313 TI - Long-term survival after resection of carcinoma of the oesophagus. PMID- 709314 TI - Flowering of American bioethics. PMID- 709315 TI - What causes road accidents? PMID- 709316 TI - A self-medication retraining programme. PMID- 709317 TI - Epidemiology for the uninitiated. Comparing rates. PMID- 709318 TI - Drowning risks to epileptic children: a study from Hawaii. AB - The role of epileptiform seizures in causing drowning and near-drowning among children was studied by examining the case reports of all 140 childhood immersion accidents that occurred in an area of Hawaii over five years. Four of the 140 immersion accidents were caused partly by epileptiform seizures, but none were fatal. The combined results of the Hawaiian and Brisbane studies (total population studied over five years 1 600 000) showed that no epileptic children died from accidents in the sea or in swimming pools; and the 2.9% incidence of immersion accidents due to seizures in the Hawaiian study compares well with the incidence found in other series. If an epileptic child is mentally normal, well controlled with anticonvulsants, and supervised in the water then the risk of drowning is very small. PMID- 709320 TI - Hospital equipment "Which"? PMID- 709319 TI - Delivery of wheelchairs. PMID- 709321 TI - Clarinettist's cheilitis. PMID- 709322 TI - Flautist's chin. PMID- 709323 TI - Nutrition and the cancer patient. PMID- 709324 TI - Treatment of childhood cancer: effects on gonads. PMID- 709325 TI - Drug treatment of psychiatric patients in general practice. PMID- 709326 TI - Normality and abnormality in psychiatry. PMID- 709327 TI - Preventing deaths from malaria. PMID- 709328 TI - Trouble with children's feet. PMID- 709329 TI - "Run for fun". PMID- 709330 TI - Executive screening. PMID- 709331 TI - Use of foot for cardiac massage. PMID- 709332 TI - Teaching of geriatric medicine. PMID- 709334 TI - Breathing other people's smoke. PMID- 709333 TI - Ventricular tachycardia during exercise testing. PMID- 709335 TI - Carcinoma of the breast in women under the age of 30. PMID- 709336 TI - How to organize an international medical meeting. PMID- 709337 TI - Postgraduate education in therapeutics. PMID- 709338 TI - Mycosis fungoides treated by PUVA and mustine hydrochloride. PMID- 709340 TI - Persistent excretion of salmonellas. PMID- 709339 TI - Grommets and swimming. PMID- 709341 TI - Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh: reform of fellowship examinations. PMID- 709342 TI - Dental anaesthetic fees: all is now clear. PMID- 709343 TI - Use and abuse of medical women. PMID- 709344 TI - Private practice and the reduction of pay-beds. PMID- 709345 TI - Health services in the Irish Republic. PMID- 709346 TI - Asymptomatic urethral gonorrhoea in men. AB - Over a period of nine months 203 cases of urethral gonorrhoea were seen in 188 men. In 36 (17%) of the cases there were no symptoms, and in 14 (7%) the symptoms were considered so mild that the patients thought medical care was unnecessary. The symptomless patients and those with mild symptoms were found only as a result of efficient contact tracing. This high incidence illustrates the importance of good contact tracing and careful investigation. PMID- 709347 TI - Unsuspected gonococcal infection in female patients. AB - Four hundred and ten female patients attending obstetric and gynaecological outpatient departments were investigated for possible gonococcal infection. All were in their reproductive phase. Forty-two (10.2%) of them harboured Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Of the infected patients, 40.5% had no symptoms at all. Investigation was carried out using a single, endocervical specimen cultured in Chacko-Nair egg-enriched media. PMID- 709349 TI - Efficacy of co-trimoxazole in Donovanosis. A preliminary report. AB - Co-trimoxazole (Septrin, Wellcome) was prescribed in a dose of two tablets twice daily for the treatment of 10 patients with Donovanosis. All the patients responded well to this treatment, and the ulcers healed completely within 10 days in eight patients and within 14 days in the remaining two. Ten days' treatment with 40 tablets of co-trimoxazole is suggested as sufficient to treat Donovanosis. No adverse reactions were noted in any patient. PMID- 709348 TI - Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in non-acute prostatitis. AB - The possible role of Chlamydia trachomatis in non-acute prostatitis was investigated by cultural and serological techniques in a study of 53 adult males. C. trachomatis was isolated from the urethra of only one of the 53 patients and from none of the 28 specimens of prostatic fluid from the same patients. By means of a modified microimmunofluorescent test, serum chlamydial IgG antibodies at a titre of 1/64 or greater, or IgM antibodies at a titre of 1/8 or greater, or both were detected in six of the patients, suggesting a recent or current chlamydial infection, while IgG or IgA antibodies at a titre of 1/8 or greater were detected in the specimens of prostatic fluid from two of the 28 men studied. In the seven patients with evidence of chlamydial infection, as well as in a further 13 of the 53 patients studied, the presenting symptoms suggested non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) rather than prostatitis. Thus in this study C. trachomatis would appear to play a minor aetiological role, if any, in non-acute prostatitis. PMID- 709350 TI - Carcinoma of the penis developed in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. AB - Malignant change developing in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is rare in men. A case is described in a 39-year-old man. PMID- 709351 TI - Cryosurgery of genital warts. PMID- 709352 TI - Sarcoptes scabiei infestation treated with malathion liquid. PMID- 709353 TI - Bilateral tactile aphasia: a tacto-verbal dysfunction. AB - Bilateral tactile aphasia was exhibited by a patient who was operated upon for a left parieto-occipital haematoma. Neuropsychological investigation established the following points: (1) the patient, in whom no expressive or receptive dysphasia could be found, misnamed objects when they were presented to him tactually, whereas he almost always gave the correct name when they were presented visually or auditorily; (2) the naming disturbance was identical when the object was presented to the left hand or to the right hand; (3) not only did the patient have no sensory deficit, but he could give unquestionable proof of correct tactile identification by using the objects presented to him tactually; (4) the defect appeared in the verbo-tactile as well as in the tacto-verbal direction; (5) it was not restricted to the name of the object since the patient was unable to describe, without making dysphasic errors, the morphology or usage of objects presented to him tactually; (6) the tacto-verbal dysfunction did not result from a tacto-visual impairment. Computerized tomography scans showed that: (1) there was no evidence suggesting a lesion of the right hemisphere, nor of the corpus callosum; (2) the left lesion involved the angular gyrus, the posterior part of the second temporal convolution, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the geniculostriate fibres and some fibres of the tapetum. PMID- 709354 TI - Factors influencing the risk of multiple sclerosis developing in patients with optic neuritis. AB - One-hundred and forty-six patients who had presented with optic neuritis but without evidence of demyelination elsewhere in the nervous system, and in whom no specific cause could be identified, were reassessed clinically between one month and twenty-three years after the onset. Fifty-eight patients (40 per cent) had developed MS. All 146 patients were HLA-typed. Three factors were identified which were significantly associated with the development of MS: positive typing for the HLA antigen BT 101, winter onset of the initial attack of optic neuritis in BT 101-positive patients only, and recurrent attacks of optic neuritis. The application of these results to the individual patient is of limited use. However, recurrent attacks of optic neuritis should be given the same significance in the clinical classification of MS as episodes of demyelination occurring elsewhere in the central nervous system in a patient with a previous attack of optic neuritis. The results suggest that optic neuritis is caused by two different environmental agents or groups of agents and that the agent which is most common in the winter leads to the development of MS in the genetically susceptible individual. The agent more common in the summer is much less likely to cause MS in either suscetible or non-susceptible individuals. The biological role of the HLA system in the handling of foreign antigens is discussed and it is suggested that the presence of the HLA antigens associated with MS confers a specific disadvantage on individuals in the ability to handle infection by the MS causative agent and that this allows damaging immunological processes to develop. PMID- 709355 TI - Changes in catecholamine turnover in the anterior part of the mediobasal hypothalamus and the medial preoptic area in response to hyperprolactinemia in ovariectomized rats. AB - High serum prolactin levels in ovariectomized rats were induced by transplantation of additional pituitaries under the kidney capsule. Such high prolactin levels reduced serum LH but not FSH levels 3 days after pituitary transplantion. LH and FSH values were at a control levels at day 15 and above these levels at day 24, although prolactin values were still high. Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) turnover in the anterior part of the mediobasal hypothalamus (AMBH) and in the medial preoptic area (MPO) was measured by following the decrease in NE or DA content after synthesis blockage with a-methyl p-tyrosine. The content was measured using a radioenzymatic assay. DA turnover in the AMBH was significantly increased 3, 15 and 24 days after induction of hyperprolactinemia. Although NE concentration in the AMBH was also increased at these times an increased NE turnover was statistically significant only at day 24. DA as well as NE turnover rates in the MPO were reduced by day 3 after pituitary transplantation and at control values at day 15 and 24. It is concluded that the increased DA turnover in the AMBH depresses pituitary LH release probably by inhibiting hypothalamic LH-RH secretion. This inhibition is counteracted by the somewhat slower increase of NE turnover resulting in normalization of LH levels. The increased gonadotropin levels after long-lasting hyperprolactinemia may be due to desensitization of the DA receptor, which was reported earlier. The reduced NE turnover in the MPO 3 days after induction of hyperprolactinemia may be an additional factor in reducing pituitary LH release acting at the level of LH-RH-producing perikarya. PMID- 709356 TI - L-Proline and related compounds: correlation of structure, amnesic potency and anti-spreading depression potency. AB - The effects of L-proline, D-proline, and L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (L-A.2.C., the lower homolog of L-proline) have been compared in two systems. L-Proline is more potent than either analog in causing amnesia of one-trial avoidance conditioning of the 2-day-old chick and in preventing mechanically induced spreading depression in the retina isolated from 2-3-week-old chicks. The results suggest that the L-configuration and the proper molecular size are essential for the effects of L-proline upon memory and upon spreading depression. This level of specificity is greater than that involved in protein synthesis because L-A.2.C. is incorporated into protein in place of L-proline, in several protein synthesizing systems. PMID- 709357 TI - Specific reinnervation of a target organ by a pair of identified molluscan neurons. PMID- 709358 TI - Cholinergic projection of the diagonal band to the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat brain. PMID- 709359 TI - An electron microscope study of the areas of the Onuf's nucleus in the cat. PMID- 709360 TI - Location of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motoneurons in the cat. PMID- 709361 TI - Stimuli to intramuscular nerve growth. PMID- 709363 TI - The effect of adapting target location on the gain of the surround mechanism in cat retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 709362 TI - Convergence of trigeminal and limb inputs onto cerebellar interpositus nuclear neurones in the cat. PMID- 709364 TI - Membrane voltage noise associated with ciliary beating in the Aplysia statocyst. PMID- 709365 TI - Noradrenaline and spatial memory. PMID- 709366 TI - Cytochemical localization of 5'-nucleotidase in glial plasma membranes. AB - By means of a cytochemical procedure 5'-nucleotidase activity is demonstrated electron microscopically. The enzyme is present in plasma membranes of astrocytes, oligodendroglial cells and microglial cells, but not in neuronal plasma membranes. PMID- 709367 TI - Changes in the synapses of spiral ganglion cells in the rostral anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the waltzing guinea pig following hair cell loss. AB - Between 10 and 60 days of age in the waltzing guinea pig, there is a genetically induced loss of all hair cells in the organ of Corti. About 43% of the spiral ganglion cells degenerate between 30 and 60 days of age. After 90 days of age, there is no further loss of spiral ganglion cells. Both Type I and II ganglion cells remain and are without afferent input. The terminals of these ganglion cells in the rostral AVCN, the end bulbs of Held, are normal until 30 days of age. During the period of ganglion cell loss degenerating end bulbs are seen. After 60 days of age, when most ganglion cell degeneration is complete, the remaining end bulbs have fewer synaptic vesicles and their synaptic junctions are flattened. The channels of enlarged extracellular space, which normally surround each synaptic junction or small groups of junctions, are only infrequently present. In freeze-fracture replicas of the rostral AVCN of waltzing guinea pigs after hair cell loss, the number of large, non-aggregate particles on the external leaflet of the principal cell opposite the end bulb is increased, and the number of perisynaptic aggregates is decreased compared to waltzing guinea pigs 10 days of age. The junctional aggregates are unaltered. These changes in the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane may be related to the loss of afferent input to the spiral ganglion cells, suggesting that activity is important for maintaining the synapse. PMID- 709368 TI - Glutamic acid and aspartic acid in the cochlear nucleus of the waltzing guinea pig. PMID- 709369 TI - Synchronized rhythmic discharges of the secondary olfactory neurons in carp. AB - (1) Rhythmic and synchronized multiunit bursts of spike discharges, which were superimposed on the peaks of the oscillatory potentials of 4--10 Hz (olfactory tract waves), were induced in the olfactory tract fibers of the carp in response to olfactory stimulation. Suppression of the spike discharges was observed during the interburst periods of discharges. (2) Single-unit analysis revealed three types of discharge patterns in the olfactory tract fibers in response to olfactory stimulation: rhythmic excitation (Type 1), suppression (Type 2) and no response (Type 3). A synchronization of spike discharges was observed among the Type 1 units. (3) Mass potentials were evoked in the olfactory tract by electrical stimulations applied to the olfactory nerve. When the time interval between the conditioning stimulation and the test stimulation was about 200 msec, a transient recovery of the evoked mass response was observed. This interval approximately corresponded to the cycle length of the olfactory tract waves. (4) It was concluded from the results obtained that the olfactory tract waves are the summated action potentials from the axons of the secondary olfactory neurons discharging rhythmically and synchronously. (5) An inhibitory phasing mechanism in the olfactory bulb was suggested which may cause the synchronized rhythmic activity of the secondary olfactory neurons. PMID- 709370 TI - Characterization of electrophysiological properties of intracellularly recorded neurons in the neocortex of awake cats: a comparison of the response to injected current in spike overshoot and undershoot neurons. AB - Intracellular recordings were obtained from 212 neurons of the coronal pericruciate cortex of 7 awake, untrained cats. Glass microelectrodes, filled with K+ citrate alone or K+ citrate with either cyclic GMP or 5'-GMP were used for recording and for injecting steady depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents intracellularly. The effects of rectangular linearly rising (ramp) current pulses were also studied. Results were compared in spike overshoot* versus undershoot recordings. Spike overshoot recordings had action potentials (APs) larger than associated baseline shifts on penetration; undershoot recordings had APs smaller than associated baseline shifts on penetration. Undershoot recordings are more commonly encountered in mammalian neocortex than are overshoot recordings. (1) Except for sizes and slopes of APs and other effects consistent with the penetration of passive dendritic cables remote from regions of active spike initiation or propagation, no differences in response to current injection or in other electrophysiological properties were found between overshoot and undershoot recordings. (2) Injection of depolarizing currents produced de-reases in the amplitudes of APs, decreased rates of rise and fall of APs and increased frequencies of AP discharge. Injection of hyperpolarizing current produced slowing or cessation of AP discharge with little or only slight increases in AP amplitude when the resting potential was greater than 47 mV. (3) An effectively linear relationship was found between changes in AP size and the magnitude of weak injection depolarizing currents. This relationship provides a basis for measuring changes in cortical neuronal input resistance by the differential spike height method. (4) Most neurons showed little or no accommodative response to the injection of linearly rising, depolarizing currents. Simple or ceiling threshold latency curves rather than minimal gradient curves were obtained in 83% of the cells in which ramp currents were injected. (5) Modal values of resting potentials between 47 and 53 mV, without increased rates of spontaneous discharge, indicate that most cells have a critical firing threshold near that reported for somatodendritic (SD) rather than initial segment (IS) generated spikes. The evidence suggests that undershoot recordings primarily reflect penetrations of passive dendritic regions rather than functional modification of neurocellular properties as a consequence of impalement. PMID- 709371 TI - The effect of maternal progesterone on brain monoamine oxidase activity of neonatal rats. PMID- 709372 TI - Effect of ischemic anoxia and barbiturate anesthesia on free radical oxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids. AB - The mitochondrial fraction obtained from brains of animals submitted to ischemia shows a decrease of phospholipid level, especially plasmalogens in the fraction of ethanolamine phospholipids and choline phospholipids. There appears simultaneously an increase of free radical oxidation processes of unsaturated fatty acids from these phospholipids. The peroxidation processes of mitochondrial lipids are stimulated by calcium ions and, to a smaller extent, by magnesium ions. Barbiturate anesthesia inhibits the peroxidation of fatty acids and increases the antioxidant abilities of the nervous tissue. Nembutal added in vitro remains without effect on the above processes. The effect of acetylcholine and the antioxidant ability of nervous tissue under barbiturate anesthesia with respect to ischemia are discussed. PMID- 709373 TI - Experimental stroke in gerbils: effect on translation and transcription. AB - The effect of cerebral ischemia on polypeptide synthesis with isolated microsomes and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity with isolated nuclei was investigated by occlusion of right common carotid artery of gerbils. There was a prompt decline of microsomal polypeptide synthesis already at 30 min after occlusion of the artery, and at 4--5 h the specific radioactivity (dpm per microgram protein) was 50% of the control value. At 24 h, when the animals were only slightly responsive to external stimuli, the specific radioactivity of ischemic brain was only 20% of the control value. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity was unaffected for 1 h, and clear suppression did not appear until 3 h after occlusion. However, the extent of suppression was similar between polypeptide synthesis and RNA polymerase activity beyond 3 h after occlusion. Although more selective vulnerability of polypeptide synthesis thus exists in cerebral ischemia, the difference between two biochemical processes was not as striking as seen in cerebral anoxia. Focal progression of cerebral ischemia to diffuse infarction in gerbils was suggested as a possible explanation for the disparity in comparison to the diffuse effect in cerebral anoxia along with the difference in the magnitude of acidosis and depletion of energy reserve. PMID- 709374 TI - Somatic sensory projections to the pretectum in the cat. PMID- 709375 TI - Monocular deprivation in the rat: evidence for an age-related defect in visual behavior. PMID- 709376 TI - Luteinizing hormone releasing action of N-methyl aspartate is blocked by GABA or taurine but not by dopamine antagonists. PMID- 709377 TI - Cerebral metabolism of glucose in adrenalectomized rats: effect of treatment with L-DOPA and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. PMID- 709378 TI - Intrahypothalamic injections of kainic acid produce feeding and drinking deficits in rats. PMID- 709379 TI - Behavioural response to bilateral injections of substance P into the substantia nigra of the rat. PMID- 709380 TI - Cycloheximide interacts with visual input to produce permanent slowing of visual learning in chickens. PMID- 709381 TI - Cerebellar inhibition and ICSS from stimulation in the area of the nucleus locus coeruleus. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and the long-lasting inhibition (LLI) of cerebellar Purkinje cells which are produced by stimulation around the dorsal pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). No strong correlation was found between the dorsal pontine sites which produced LLI and those sites which yielded ICSS. Moreover, ICSS sites were no more effective than non-ICSS sites in producing LLI. LLI of Purkinje cells was produced most effectively by stimulation of an area dorsolateral to the LC where axons arising from the LC collect to ascend to the cerebellum. The LLI produced by stimulation of this dorsolateral region was less often associated with short latency excitations, compared to the LLI produced by stimulation of the cerebellar white matter. This characteristic may be useful as an indication of LC-produced LLI. Sites yielding ICSS were scattered around the LC but were most consistent ventrolateral to the LC. These results indicate that ICSS and LLI of Purkinje cells appear to be independent phenomena which depend on different mechanisms. PMID- 709382 TI - Effects of priming stimulation of catecholamine containing nuclei in rat brain on runway performance. AB - Rats were implanted with bipolar fine wire stimulating electrodes in the region of the pontine nucleus locus coerulus (LC) and the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SN). The reinforcing properties of stimulation of each electrode were determined. Subsequently, rats were run in a two alley runway and the effects of priming stimulation on performance in acquisition, discrimination and reversals were measured. It was found that LC priming caused an increased latency to exit from start box. Also, LC priming reduced running time in the rewarded alley in a reversal task whereas SN priming affected both performance in the rewarded and non-rewarded alley. PMID- 709383 TI - Non-rhythmical hippocampal units, theta rhythm and afferent stimulation. PMID- 709384 TI - Ameliorating effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (OHP) on survival and quality of survival of guinea pigs afflicted with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was investigated. EAE was induced in Hartley and Strain 13 animals by intradermal injections of whole guinea pig spinal cord in complete Freund's adjuvant. The inoculated animals were divided into control and treatment groups; the treated animals received OHP in a variety of treatment schedules. Clinical signs of EAE were quantitated and mean survival times were measured. When Hartley animals were exposed to 100% O2 at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 2 hr/day from 5--19 days postinoculation, the mean survival time (+/- SE) was 19.1 +/- 1.6 days relative to 15.7 +/- 0.7 days in the control (p less than 0.050). When Strain 13 guinea pigs were treated with 100% O2 at 2ATA for 4 hr/day on 5--16 days, the mean survival time was 21.6 +/- 0.6 days compared to 16.0 +/- 0.4 days for the control (p less than 0.001). Clinical sign measurements demonstrated that the onset of EAE in the treated animals of both strains occurred between 4--6 days after these signs became detectable in control animals. These results suggest that OHP therapy can ameliorate EAE in afflicted guinea pigs. PMID- 709385 TI - Neuronal receptive field properties in feline nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis. AB - Nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NGC) has been shown, using both behavioral and physiological techniques, to be involved in the processing of nociceptive information. However, previous studies of the receptive fields of NGC neurons have utilized only innocuous stimuli. Thus, while neurons in NGC may play an important role in nociception, the receptive field properties of these cells remain to be defined. This investigation was designed to determine the receptive field properties of neurons in NGC using nociceptive and innocuous stimuli. Receptive fields were determined for 127 neurons in NGC. Eighty-seven percnet of the NGC neurons studied responded exclusively to noxious stimuli, while 13% also responded to innocuous stimuli. None of the neurons studied responded exclusively to innocuous stimuli. The receptive fields of most NGC neurons (63%) were large, discontinuous, and bilaterally symmetrical. Eighty-one percent of NGC neurons received convergent inputs from both spinal and trigeminal systems. These receptive field properties differ from those previously reported using only innocuous stimulation. PMID- 709386 TI - Effects of nerve growth factor on behavioral recovery following caudate nucleus lesions in rats. AB - Rats with bilateral lesions of the caudate nucleus received intracaudate injections of either nerve growth factor protein (NGF) on inert buffer immediately following surgery. NGF-treated animals demonstrated a faster recovery of normal appetitive behavior and perseverated less than their buffer-treated counterparts on a spatial reversal task, but both groups were impaired relative to sham controls on acquisition of an active avoidance response. Glia to neuron ratios were significantly increased in both lesion groups when compared with sham controls. However, this increase was less in the NGF-treated animals than in the buffer-treated animals. NGF treatment had no effect on steady-state caudate dopamine levels, measured six months after surgery. PMID- 709387 TI - Enhanced passive avoidance learning and appetitive T-maze learning with post trial rewarding hypothalamic stimulation. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of post-trial reinforcing stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus on learning in rats. The reinforcing stimulation was always presented for a duration of 20--30 sec (0.2 sec on/0.8 sec off), and was administered either immediately, 30 sec delayed or 300 sec delayed after exposure to the learning situation. In experiment 1 post-trial stimulation led to improved passive avoidance learning of an alcove-avoidance task when presented 30 sec compared to immediately after the footshock. In Experiment 2 reversal learning of a one-way shuttle-box avoidance task was facilitated by 30 sec delayed, but not 300 sec delayed post-trial reinforcing stimulation. In Experiment 3 appetitive left-right discrimination was investigated using a T-maze task. Thirty sec delayed post-trial reinforcing stimulation presented contingent on errors facilitated learning of this task. Together, the 3 studies provide further support for the hypothesis that reinforcers directly influence labile memory processes (such as short-term memory) and thereby improve learning. PMID- 709388 TI - Ventricular surface of rabbit hippocampus: a scanning electron microscope study. AB - Portions of the ependyma were obtained from the hippocampus of adult rabbits and processed for scanning electron microscopy. The major part of the ependymal surface was covered with a dense layer of cilia, some of these cilia showed bulbous preterminal enlargements. Irregularly arranged pits of variable diameter were also seen. Pes hippocampi showed fewer cilia and deeper furrows than did the remainder of the hippocampus. PMID- 709390 TI - The effect of ovariectomy on liver metabolism and maintenance energy requirement of hens. AB - Six pullets from each of an egg-producing and meat-producing strain were ovariectomised at 12 weeks of age. Ovarian regrowth occurred in two of the egg producing and four of the meat-producing strain. 2. Measurements of heat production and energy balance were made after peak lay with ovariectomised and sham-operated laying pullets of both strains. Measurements on the ovariectomised pullets were made before and after implantation with oestrogen pellets. 3. Within each strain the ME requirements for maintenance (per kg W0.75), determined by linear regression analysis, were similar whether or not the starvation heat production data were included. 4. The ME requirements for maintenance decreased substantially after ovariectomy but subsequent implantation with oestrogen pellets did not increase these requirements. 5. Studies of hepatic enzyme activities indicated that the major influence of the mature ovary was on hepatic lipid metabolism. This was exerted through a specific stimulation of lipogenesis rather than a general increase in metabolism. PMID- 709389 TI - Requirement of the hen for sulphur-containing amino acids. AB - The sulphur amino acid requirements of White Leghorn-type laying hens were determined in two 52-week experiments using diets based on maize and soyabean meal providing from 5.0 to 6.5 g sulphur amino acids/kg, 12.35 MJ ME/kg and 8.6 to 8.8 g lysine/kg. There were six replicates of 15 individually-caged hens each per treatment. 2. A requirement of approximately 775 to 800 mg sulphur amino acids/hen d, of which about 390 to 440 mg was methionine, was found for a maximum of 80 to 83 eggs/100 hen d. There were indications that the requirement for maximum egg production was less than that for maximum efficiency of food utilisation. 3. Diets containing 138 g protein/kg supplemented with methionine and lysine supported production and food utilisation as effectively as a diet containing 167 g protein/kg. PMID- 709391 TI - Effect of progesterone on the magnum proteins during primary stimulation of chick oviduct. AB - The effect of progesterone on the secretion of protein by the magnum of 5-d-old, female chicks was determined. 2. The supernatant prepared by centrifuging an homogenate of the magnum at 105 000g was found, by immunodiffusion, to contain an antigenic component which precipitated the antisera for conalbumin 1, conalbumin 2 and ovalbumin after 5 d treatment with progesterone: there was no reaction to ovomucoid, lysozyme and avidin antisera. 3. Disc-electrophoresis of the homogenate revealed two bands at the site of ovalbumin. 4. Incorporation of 3H lysine into the magnum proteins of progesterone-treated chicks did not differ from that of controls. 5. The secretion available in the magnum may be only a transudate from the serum and not a true secretory product. Progesterone behaved qualitatively as oestrogen in this study although the action is much less pronounced and was delayed. PMID- 709392 TI - The structure of the ileo-caeco-colic junction of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus L.). PMID- 709393 TI - Short-term stressor effects of reserpine. AB - The effects of reserpine on plasma glucose, FFA and cholesterol and on adrenal cholesterol were determined in 1-and 21-d-old chicks over a 24-h period. 2. Irrespective of age, reserpinised chicks became hyperglycaemic and hypocholesteraemic, their stores of adrenal cholesterol were depleted and the mobilisation of the lipid was impaired. The response of the older bird was quantitatively larger than that of the younger bird. 3. Propranolol prevented the increase in plasma glucose concentration seen 1 h after reserpine but it did not affect subsequent changes. 4. It is concluded that reserpine acts as a stressor and it is shown that its effects have not been entirely overcome after 24 h. PMID- 709394 TI - [Long-term treatment of hypertension with a beta blocking agent (sotalol) alone or in combination with a saluretic agent]. PMID- 709395 TI - [Antimicrobial treatment of meningitis in children: problems raised by Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 709397 TI - [Prevention of bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 709396 TI - [Recent data on early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 709398 TI - [Use of sympathomimetic drugs in resuscitation]. PMID- 709399 TI - [Acupuncture. Information received during a stay at the People's Republic of China, April-July 1977]. PMID- 709400 TI - Translation of viral and wheat mRNA's in the presence of "cap" structure analogues. PMID- 709401 TI - Histogenesis of bone cells. PMID- 709402 TI - The morphology of bone mineral crystals. AB - Electron microscopical observations of the size and shape of bone mineral crystallites have not been in complete agreement with X-ray diffraction findings. The two prevalent viewpoints consider bone mineral crystals to be either rod, or plate like in habit. There appears to be agreement that the smallest dimension of the crystals is about 5 nm, but there is discrepancy in the reported c-axial lengths. The method of dark field imaging is used to obtain a quantitative measurement of the c-axial length distribution in rabbit, ox and human bone: mean c-axial lengths 32.6 nm, 36.2 nm and 32.4 nm, respectively, show no significant difference at the 5% level to the mean c-axial length measured by X-ray line broadening. Both bright and dark field images strongly suggest that bone mineral has a plate like form. Reasons for past discrepancies are discussed. PMID- 709403 TI - Selective stimulation of net calcium efflux from chick embryo tibiae by parathyroid hormone in vitro. PMID- 709404 TI - A bone resorbing substance from bovine serum albumin (brA). PMID- 709405 TI - Changes in organic matrix of bone and of bone and blood ATP in rats fed rachitogenic diets. AB - Vitamin D deficient and phosphate deficient states were produced in young rats by the use of synthetic diets. Whole blood ATP, serum calcium and phosphorus and the ash, phospholipid, hexosamine and hydroxyproline contents of metaphyseal bones of control and rachitic rats were measured after 4 weeks on the diets. There was a decrease in whole blood ATP and serum phosphorus of the rachitic rats, and in the contents of ash, phospholipid and hexosamine of the rachitic metaphyses, while the hydroxyproline contents of the rachitic bones were higher than those of the controls. Subcutaneous injection of ATP or inorganic phosphate in rats, fed a low phosphate diet deficient in vitamin D, caused an increase in serum phosphorus and blood ATP levels and in metaphyseal ash contents. It is suggested that some of the metabolic disturbances in rickets are due to alteration in ATP production. PMID- 709406 TI - Changes in the red cell, plasma and inulin spaces and in the total water contents of rat femurs in cortisone induced osteoporosis. AB - Measurements of the bone vascular space by use of 99mTc-labelled red cells and 131I-serum albumin, and of the 3H-inulin spaces and total water contents were carried out in female rats treated for four weeks by daily subcutaneous injections of 15 mg cortisone acetate. Significant decreases in bone vascularity, inulin space and water contents were noted as compared to controls. These changes were not associated with differences in plasma calcium values, or parathyroid gland weights. They were found to be present together with significant decreases in bone density and ash contents of the femoral shafts in the steroid-treated animals. It is suggested that the changes in the vascular and extravascular fluid spaces of bones were probably consequent upon a generally depressed level of cellular activity and bone turnover, which could be found in steroid induced osteoporosis. PMID- 709407 TI - Oestrogen binding proteins in bone cell cytosol. AB - Attempts were made to demonstrate the presence of specific oestrogen binding proteins ("receptors") in bone cells. High speed cytosol preparations of bone were incubated with several concentrations of radioactive oestradiol alone and with radioactive oestradiol in the presence of a specific antioestrogen, Nafoxidine. Separation of bound and free oestradiol was carried out by dextran coated charcoal treatment and by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Several types of bones likely to be oestrogen-sensitive were investigated: human femoral heads, human phalanx, rat and rabbit calvaria, humeri and femora of female rats. In all experiments we were unable to demonstrate the presence of specific oestrogen receptors in bone cell cytosol indicating that the direct effect of oestrogens on bone, if present, is not mediated by specific oestrogen receptors. PMID- 709409 TI - Quantitative measurement of fractional bone volume using digital scanning videodensitometry. AB - A method is described for reproducible and rapid quantitative measurements of fractional bone volume in sections of a bone biopsy. The presence or absence of bone is determined at several thousand points over the entire surface area of each specimen by high-speed digitization and computer analysis of video scans of enlarged microradiographic images of bone sections. An operator interactive light pen assembly permits selective delineation of desired areas of the video image to facilitate computation of regional bone mass within each specimen. Tests of the reproducibility of the method of performed and are described. The results obtained from application of the method to determine the amount of bone in various age groups and in two groups of patients before and after therapy are also presented. These data indicate the potential of this technique for high volume, high resolution measurements of the fractional bone volume in both investigative and clinical diagnostic studies of age dependent and disease dependent processes. PMID- 709408 TI - Fetal rat bone in organ culture: effect of bone growth and bone atrophy on the comparative losses of 45Ca and 3H-tetracycline. AB - Fetal rat bones were cultured in either growth-inducing or resorption-inducing media to study mineral losses during bone growth and atrophy in vitro. Whole radii and ulnae from 19-day-old fetal rats, prelabeled with 45Ca and/or 3H tetracycline, were cultured intact or cut, and then digested by collagenase to obtain the calcified portion of the bones. Three- to five-fold more 3H tetracycline than 45Ca was lost from the calcified portion when the bones were cultured for 4 days in growth-inducing media. Similar small amounts of 45Ca were lost from live and killed bones, but more 3H-tetracycline was lost from live bones than from killed bones. More 3H-tetracycline was released into the growth medium with a low concentration of calcium (0.5 mM) than when the calcium concentration was high (1.0 mM); no significant difference was seen in the release of 45Ca into the medium at different calcium concentrations. Larger amounts of both isotopes were lost when the prelabeled bones were cultured in resorption-inducing media than in growth-inducing media. When parathyroid hormone stimulated bone resorption in a resorption-inducing medium, equal proportions of both isotopes and bone collagen were lost. Greater losses of 3H-tetracycline than of 45Ca suggest that 45Ca was conserved locally during the resorption that accompanies bone growth, but not during resorption that accompanies bone atrophy. PMID- 709410 TI - A quantitative study of the structure of trabecular bone in man, rhesus monkey, beagle and miniature pig. PMID- 709412 TI - Effects of morphine, naloxone, d,l-cyclazocine, and d-amphetamine on behaviour controlled by a schedule of interresponse time reinforcement. AB - The separate effects of graded doses of morphine, naloxone, d,l-cyclazocine, and d-amphetamine on responding maintained by a differential reinforcement of low rate schedule of food presentation were examined in rats. Morphine did not alter response rates at doses of 1--5.6 mg/kg; at 10 mg/kg a 57% decrease in responding was observed and behaviour was even more severely depressed by 30 mg of morphine per kilogram. Naloxone did not affect responding at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/kg. d,l-Cyclazocine at doses of 3 and 5.6 mg/kg induced substantial increases in responding not observed when the dose was increased to 10 mg/kg. Cyclazocine, as well as morphine, produced dose-dependent decreases in the number of reinforcements per session. d-Amphetamine exerted a biphasic effect on responding; small doses increased response rates (0.3--3 mg/kg) and responding was suppressed by the drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Behaviourally active doses of d amphetamine caused a dose-dependent reduction in the number of reinforcements per session. Naloxone at otherwise inactive doses (1--10 mg/kg) was found, in separate experiments, to antagonize the rate-decreasing effects of morphine, and to reduce the rate-increasing effects of d-amphetamine. The latter effect is not easily interpreted but confirms and extends other research employing rats in which naloxone was found to reduce the rate-increasing effects of small doses of d-amphetamine upon locomotor activity and responding maintained by a continuous electric-shock postponement procedure. In additional experiments morphine was given daily for 25 consecutive sessions at a dose of 30 mg/kg, 5 min preceding each test session. Responding was suppressed throughout this period and the dose of morphine given before each session was reduced to 10 mg/kg for 35 further sessions. Tolerance to the rate-decreasing effects of morphine was demonstrated; naloxone given in conjunction with morphine (10 mg/kg) in morphine-tolerant rats restored to control values the number of reinforcements per session without causing significant change in overall rates of responding. Few experiments have dealt previously with the development of tolerance to the behavioural effects of morphine under comparable dose regimens, time-course relationships, or behavioural testing procedures. Systematic analyses of these interrelated variables are needed since it is now evident that the schedule employed to maintain responding itself exerts significant effects. PMID- 709411 TI - Bone mineral turnover in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta estimated by fluoride excretion. AB - A child with severe osteogenesis imperfecta was treated with NaF for 8 years, at the end of which time his iliac bone contained 29 mg F/g Ca. Urine F was assayed at intervals for 4.5 years after discontinuing treatment. After the first few days the decline in urinary F excretion can be described by a two component exponential function, with half-times of 5.4 months (10%) and 8.9 years (90%). The latter half-time value is of the same order of magnitude as those observed for F and other "bone-seeking" elements in normal subjects, which suggests that the turnover rate of bone mineral is normal in this disease. Three methods for estimating the attained body F burden at the end of NaF treatment--namely, metabolic balance, bone biopsy, and integration of the exponential function- yielded comparable values. PMID- 709413 TI - Relationship between analgesia and turnover of brain biogenic amines. AB - The analgesic activity of morphine, delta9THC, and sodium salicylate was studied concomitantly with changes in brainstem and cortex turnover of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5HT). The results show that a correlation exists between the presence of analgesia and the increased turnover rates of the three biogenic amines. Morphine and sodium salicylate induced analgesia is accompanied by an increased turnover rate of all three biogenic amines; delta9THC induced analgesia is accompanied by an increased turnover rate of DA and 5HT only. There is, however, no consistent relationship between the degree of analgesia and the degree of change in the turnover rates. The existence of the endogenous morphine-like substances, endorphines, may explain why morphine analgesia is distinct from that of delta9THC and sodium salicylate. The possible relationship between this morphine-like substance and biogenic amines is discussed. PMID- 709414 TI - Time course of mesenteric vasodilatation following hypophysectomy and the stopping of a vasopressin infusion. AB - Hypophysectomy caused an increase in superior mesenteric arterial conductance that reached a new plateau approximately 20 min after removal of the gland in four pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin (0.74 +/- 0.21 mU min-1kg-1) caused conductance to decrease to approximately prehypophysectomy control values. Stopping the infusion resulted in an increase in conductance and the time course of this vasodilatation was virtually identical to that which occurred following hypophysectomy. The results are consistent with the interpretation that the effects of acute hypophysectomy on the mesenteric resistance vessels are due primarily to removal of the vasopressin system and the concomitant elimination of circulating vasopressin. PMID- 709415 TI - Increased sensitivity of frog skeletal muscle to procaine in the presence of organic anions. AB - In solutions containing an organic anion in place of chloride, frog toe muscles displayed increased sensitivity to the local anaesthetic action of procaine. Twitch inhibition by procaine in all media was accompanied by suppression of action potentials without change in membrane resting potentials. The twitch depressant effect of procaine was greater in solutions with carboxylate anions than with alkyl sulfonates. The intensity and the rapidity of onset of the effects of organic anions was related to the size of their hydrophobic component. Procaine accentuated acetate-induced reductions in the [K]0 required to produce K contractures and in the time course of submaximum K contractures. These effects were not shared by benzocaine. They were antagonized by increased [Ca]0. The results indicate that separate agents can exert mutually enhancing actions from opposite surfaces of the sarcolemma to facilitate the inactivation of depolarization-induced excitation--contraction coupling as well as that of the potential-dependent sodium channel. PMID- 709416 TI - Periodic, short-term heat exposure and reproductive function in male and female rats. AB - Reproductive function of male and female rats was examined in relation to periodic, short-term heat treatment. Daily exposure to an environmental temperature of 38.2 degrees C for 55 min elevated rectal temperatures to 39.9 and 41.2 degrees C in male and female rats, respectively. Heat exposure tended to decrease copulation in males cohabitated with unheated females. The rate of conception was affected similarly, and fetal survival tended to be reduced by paternal heat treatment. Estrous cycles were disrupted initially in heat-exposed females, but the rate of copulation and conception of females cohabitated with unheated males was unaltered by heat treatment. However, maternal heat exposure impaired prenatal survival and growth. During lactation, a high incidence of maternal and pup deaths was observed at approximately 14 days postpartum. Maternal deaths were coincident with a decrease in thermoregulatory ability and rectal temperatures exceeding 42 degrees C. PMID- 709417 TI - Labeling of a glucose binding protein in the rabbit intestinal brush border membrane. AB - Using a double labeling method based on the method of Thomas (Thomas, L. 1973). Isolation of N-ethylmaleimide-labeled phloridzin-sensitive D-glucose binding protein of brush border membrane from rat kidney cortex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 291, 454--464), with radioactive N-ethylmaleimide ([3H]NEM and [14C]NEM) in the presence and absence of D-glucose, a protein band which is periodic acid--Schiff staining insensitive and which has a relative mobility (Rm) of 0.55 (corresponding to a molecular weight of 51 000 daltons) as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis was labeled preferentially. When radioactive p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonate ([203Hg]PCMBS) is used in the presence and absence of D-glucose, as described by Smith et al. (Smith, M. W., Ferguson, D. R., and Burton, K. A. 1975. Glucose- and phloridzin-protected thiol groups in pig intestinal brush border membranes. Biochem. J. 147, 617--619.), a protein band which has a relative mobility of 0.62 and a corresponding molecular weight of 42 000 daltons was labeled. Control experiments have shown that increasing concentrations of nonradioactive NEM (0.1--5.0 mM) do not substantially modify the electrophoretic pattern of SDS-solubilized brush border membrane. Nonradioactive PCMBS (0.1--10 mM), on the other hand, modifies the electrophoretic pattern and especially causes a change in relative mobility of the 0.55 protein band which migrates after 1 mM PCMBS treatment with a Rm of 0.62. The effect of 1 mM PCMBS can be reversed by adding L-cysteine or dithiothreitol. Actin extracted from rabbit muscle migrates with the same Rm as the 0.55 protein band in our electrophoretic conditions. PMID- 709418 TI - The electromyographic response to sudden stretches of limb muscles in normal human subjects. AB - The electromyographic (EMG) activity following a sudden stretch applied to wrist flexor or extensor muscles was investigated using a method which enabled the individual records and cumulative results of 30 trials to be observed simultaneously. The results showed that in each case the spinal reflex EMG burst was followed by one or two additional reflex bursts. The second of these latter bursts, when present, occurred in one of two distinct latency ranges. Thus, three distinct latency ranges were observed for reflex bursts following the spinal reflex burst. A possible explanation for these results is that there are three distinct long-loop reflexes, one or two of which may be active following a muscle stretch. The present results do not distinguish whether any or all of these long loop reflexes are segmental or supraspinal in origin. PMID- 709419 TI - Alterations in polyamines and nucleic acids in the rat ventral prostate during cyproterone acetate treatment and subsequent withdrawal. PMID- 709420 TI - Cryoactivation and tryptic activation of blood 'prorenin' in normal man and animals. AB - Plasma and serum of healthy subjects apparently contain a precursor form of renin, or 'prorenin,' which can be activated by the ice-cold temperature at which samples are customarily handled for prolonged periods in laboratories and blood banks. The effect of such prior cryoactivation for 9 days at 4 degrees C is to increase subsequent plasma renin activity (PRA) at 37 degrees C by 108 +/- 16.3% (mean +/- SE) over the nonactivated control value (P less than 0.001). At a lower temperature (-4 degrees C), the cryoactivation effect is considerably greater than at 4 degrees C. Cryoactivation is not obliterated by the prefreezing of plasma, or reduced by inclusion of bacteriostats. Nor is it attributable to any detectable reduction in angiotensinase activity. In rats, cryoactivation at 4 degrees C is much lower than in humans, suggesting a marked species difference either in prorenin concentration or in the rapidity of its spontaneous conversion after blood collection. Trypsin at near optimal concentrations also consistently activates human plasma prorenin, whether at 4, 23, or 37 degrees C indicating that cold is not an essential concomitant of tryptic activation. In excess, the magnitude of which varies among individuals, trypsin at first produces activation and later a decline in PRA, probably due to degradation of the reactants (prorenin, renin, angiotensinogen) and of the initial product (angiotensin I). The identity of angiotensin I in activated and control plasmas can be established by specific radioimmunoassay, and bioassay. Our data indicate that tryptic activation involves little direct production of angiotensin I but rather converts prorenin, thereby enhancing the angiotensin generating capacity of the plasma renin system itself. Tryptic activation in plasma of anaesthetized dogs is lower than in humans, but higher than in conscious or anaesthetized rabbits in whom the effect appears to be slight. In anaesthetized rats there is virtually no tryptic activation, which is in line with the results by cryoactivation. Since the renin- angiotensin systems of dogs, rabbits, and rats have been extensively studied in experimental models of human hypertension, these observed departures from human levels of cryoactivation and tryptic activation of prorenin deserve further investigation. PMID- 709421 TI - Effect of renal denervation on the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The involvement of the renal nerves in the development of hypertension in Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated by performing bilateral renal denervation in a group (n = 7) of SHR at 8 weeks of age. A sham-operated group (n = 7) of SHR served as surgical controls. Systolic arterial pressure was recorded twice a week until 14 weeks of age using a tail cuff method. Renal denervation significantly (P less than 0.01) altered the time course for development of hypertension, although both groups eventually developed hypertension. During the 6-week observation period, there were no significant differences in body weight, average 24-h food and fluid intake, urine output, or Na+ and K+ excretion between the two groups. At 20 weeks of age there were no significant differences in systolic pressure, average fluid intake, or urine output between the sham and denervated groups. These results suggest that the renal nerves may be involved in the early phase of development of hypertension in the SHR. The possibility that altered renal function may be the mechanism of the above effects is discussed. PMID- 709422 TI - The guinea pig tracheobronchial spiral strip: responses to selected agonists. AB - The guinea pig tracheal spiral strip is a useful preparation for studying bronchoconstrictor and bronchodilator compounds. Employing a simple and rapid modification of this technique, experiments were performed in vitro to quantitate the effects of selected bronchospastic agents on guinea pig tracheobronchial smooth muscle. Three sections of the main airways were prepared from each animal: an upper tracheal, a lower tracheal, and a bronchial segment. The dose-dependent contractile responses of the three tissue segments were determined for carbachol, acetylcholine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and bradykinin. Differences were observed amongst the agonists in magnitudes of contraction, effective concentration ranges, and slopes of dose-response curves. ED25, ED50, and ED75 values were calculated from regression analysis of dose-response data. The relative order for these agents to produce maximum contractions was found to be carbachol congruent to acetylcholine greater than histamine greater than 5 hydroxytryptamine greater than bradykinin. Furthermore, it was found that there was no significant difference between the three tissue segments in their responses to the various agonists. PMID- 709423 TI - Effects of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on ion transport by isolated rabbit gastric mucosa and rat intestinal epithelial cells. AB - The actions of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) were investigated on ion transport in in vitro rabbit fundic mucosa and rat isolated jejunal cells. Addition of dmPGE2 (1.3 X 10(-4)M) to the serosal side of the rabbit mucosa resulted in a significant decrease in the transmural potential difference (PD) and short circuit current (Isc). The transmembrane resistance (R) displayed a significant rise over control values. Furthermore, the net serosa to mucosa flux of chloride ion decreased while the net serosa to mucosa movement of sodium remained unchanged. In the rat intestinal cells, increasing the concentration of dmPGE2 from 10(-10) to 10(-4)M caused a fall in sodium efflux. These data indicate that dmPGE2 alters the rate of active transport of the predominant ion pump of the resting rabbit gastric mucosa and the rate of Na efflux from rat intestinal epithelial cells without apparently affecting the membrane permeability. PMID- 709424 TI - Enzymatic degradation of somatostatin by rat plasma and hypothalamus. AB - A highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for somatostatin has been used to study inactivation of the neurohormone by plasma and hypothalamic peptidase(s). Specificity of the inactivation process was indicated by the absence of interference by addition of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, or substance P. The inactivating ability of hypothalamic tissue and plasma was destroyed by heating and the protease inhibitor benzamidine prevented plasma activity, thus suggesting the enzymatic nature of the processes involved. The present data suggest that the inactivation of somatostatin by hypothalamus and plasma could be an important factor in the regulation of circulating somatostatin levels. PMID- 709425 TI - Metabolism of the isolated perfused rabbit heart. I. Responses to anoxia and reoxygenation. II. Energy stores. AB - Cardiac performance, substrate utilization, and creatine kinase (CK) release were studied in Langendorff rabbit hearts during aerobic perfusion, 25 min of anoxia, and 75 min of reoxygenation. In study I (n = 40), increasing glucose availability during aerobic perfusion enhanced substrate utilization without influencing cardiac performance, and this effect was not modified by insulin. Reoxygenation with glucose decreased CK (milliunits per millilitre) in the coronary sinus effluent but the best early recovery occurred in hearts protected with the 'cocktail' (see Table 1) during anoxia and perfused with glucose and insulin during recovery. This early recovery of performance was associated with transient higher CK loss, an effect that may have been related to one or more of the following factors: squeezing out of interstitial CK, heterogeneous anoxic injury to the myocardium, severe sarcolemmal damage, and preferential energy utilization by the contractile apparatus. In study II (N = 82), increasing recovery of cardiac performance was associated with increasing rate of CK loss (milliunits per minute) during reoxygenation. At 15 min of recovery, creatine phosphate (CP) and ATP stores were 400 and 50% of the aerobic group suggesting the presence of a defect in energy transfer from CP to the cytosolic ADP:ATP system. Thereafter, CP levels gradually declined while ATP reached a peak concentration of 85% of the aerobic group at 30 min. By the end of recovery, ATP stores were low at 23% of control, at a time when cardiac performance and the rate of CK loss were maximal. The significance of these depleted ATP stores remains to be elucidated. PMID- 709426 TI - Brain extracellular potassium and general anaesthetics. AB - General anaesthetic agents (halothane, trichlorethylene, methohexital, pentobarbital, and alphaxalone--alphadolone) depress the extracellular accumulations (deltaEk) and associated focal potentials (deltaV) which are evoked in the cuneate nucleus by tetanic stimulation of peripheral nerves. Depressions of deltaV are significantly greater than those of deltaEk; at the same time there is a dissociation of the relation between deltaV and deltaEk. There are no detectable changes in the resting levels of K+ or the small voltage shifts evoked by low-frequency intranuclear stimulation with a microlectrode. When anaesthesia produces severe hypotension, augmentations of [K+]0 occur which can be attributed to depression of electrogenic Na--K pumping. A possible explanation of the reduction in K+ release resulting from afferent fibre activity would be failure of conduction caused by membrane stabilization or hyperpolarization. PMID- 709427 TI - Atropine blockade of cholinergic drugs on rabbit stomach muscle. AB - The competition between atropine and a full agonist, carbachol, was tested on dibenamine-pretreated smooth muscle of rabbit stomach. Even after extensive irreversible blockade by dibenamine, atropine blockade of the response to carbachol was still competitive and the atropine affinity constant was unchanged. This differed from the noncompetitive action of atropine in blocking the contractile effects of partial agonists such as pilocarpine or heptyl trimethylammonium. The results thus indicate that it is not possible to convert a full agonist into a partial agonist merely by reducing the number of available cholinergic receptors. The present study compares the competitive effect of atropine on the actions of the full agonist carbachol, under conditions of irreversible blockade, with the competitive effect of atropine on partial agonists such as pilocarpine or heptyl trimethylammonium. PMID- 709428 TI - Effect of a local cold stress on peripheral temperatures of Inuit, Oriental, and Caucasian subjects. AB - Male subjects comprised of six Inuit from Igloolik, N.W.T., and five Orientals and six Caucasians from Toronto, Ont., volunteered for tests to determine the effect of localized cold stress on peripheral temperatures. In each subject, skin temperatures of the right index finger, the arm, and the cheek, as well as blood pressure and heart rate, were measured before, during, and after foot immersion in water of 10 degrees C temperature for 10 min. There was an immediate decrease in finger temperature on foot immersion in all three subject groups; however, the Inuit finger temperatures recovered very quickly to control values, the Caucasian finger temperatures began to increase after decreasing for 7.5 min, and the Oriental finger temperatures decreased continuously during the foot immersion and remained cool even 10 min after the removal of the cold stimulus. The cold stimulus did not affect the cheek or arm temperatures of any of the groups. In all subjects, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rates increased on foot immersion, gradually returning towards normal values. No intergroup differences were seen in these parameters. PMID- 709429 TI - The effect of clothing on the initial ventilatory responses during cold-water immersion. AB - The effect of clothing on ventilatory responses during cold-water immersion was studied. Subjects were immersed in water at 13.9 degrees C on two occasions wearing either a bathing suit only or clothed with jacket, shirt, pants, and sports shoes. It was found that the initial gasp and subsequent minutes of expired ventilation were significantly attenuated, whereas the changes in end tidal PCO2 were only significantly different for the 2nd and 3rd min of the immersion. It would appear that the use of clothing may prove beneficial during the first few minutes of a cold-water immersion by decreasing the powerful drive to increased respiration. PMID- 709430 TI - Epileptiform seizures in domestic fowl. IX. Implications of the absence of anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide in a pharmacological model of epilepsy. AB - Acute dose--response studies were conducted to determine if ethosuximide had anticonvulsant activity against seizures evoked by stroboscopic stimulation of epileptic fowl and to correlate the observed effects with the concentration of the drug in the plasma. Ethosuximide, in doses that produced mean plasma concentrations of 366 microgram/ml and signs of sedation, did not reduce seizure susceptibility. Twice daily administration of ethosuximide produced mean plasma concentrations of 430 microgram/ml after 36 h without affecting seizure susceptibility even in the presence of marked sedation. Previous studies have shown that epileptic fowl are sensitive to the anticonvulsant effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and primidone at plasma concentrations similar to those required in humans. Since ethosuximide has a high specificity against petit mal seizures in humans, the failure of ethosuximide to provide protection indicates that epileptic fowl represent a relatively specific pharmacological model for drugs effective against generalized tonic--clonic and focal cortical epilepsies in humans. PMID- 709432 TI - Influence of calcium on the differentiation and growth of aggregated organs in Sphaerostilbe repens. AB - In the ascomycete Sphaerostilbe repens the vegetative mycelium aggregated into structures composed of aerial coremia and rhizomorphs immersed in the culture medium. The morphology and growth of the cultures were examined on a defined medium with and without calcium supplementation. Initiation and growth of aggregated organs occurred only if calcium was present continuously in the culture medium. On calcium-deficient media the fungus produced only vegetative mycelium which retained its ability to aggregate in the presence of the cation. Small concentrations of calcium (less than 1 ppm) stimulated aggregation of the mycelium, but higher concentrations (about 200 ppm) were necessary to obtain optimum development of the aggregated organs. Strontium partially replaced calcium, but lithium did not, as a stimulator of aggregation. PMID- 709431 TI - Purine metabolism and differential inhibition of spore germination in Phytophthora infestans. AB - An analysis of the effect of various purines and pyrimidines on the germination process in three different isolates of the late blight fungus, Phytophthora infestans, revealed increased rates of indirect germination in one isolate by adenine, hypoxanthine, and the riboside of dimethylaminopurine. This observation coupled with the capacity of sporangia of the race affected (1.2.3.4) for the uptake and interconversion of purines, as demonstrated by experiments with labelled purines under in vivo and in vitro conditions, pointed to hypoxanthine as a key intermediate in the purine metabolism directly associated with spore formation and development. This enhanced germination contrasted sharply with the almost complete arrest of indirect germination that occurred when sporangia were incubated with the purine analogue, benzimidazole, or with either of the respiratory inhibitors, sodium azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The pattern of differential inhibition exhibited by sporangia versus zoospores upon treatment with actinomycin D, 4-FLUOROURACIL, OR CYCLOHEXIMIDE INDICATED THat continued translation on preformed messenger RNA may be one essential requirement for the formation and release of zoospores, whereas their subsequent germination and development may depend upon renewed transcription as well. PMID- 709433 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from surface and well waters in Ontario. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from forty-three surface- and well-water samples and one municipal supply. In many cases these samples were negative for coliform bacteria. After incubation of membrane filters on M-Endo agar LES at 35 degrees C for total coliform analysis, filters were held an additional 24 h at room temperature. This method was more productive for isolation of waterborne types of Y. enterocolitica than was cold enrichment in buffer alone or in combination with modified Rappaport broth. Most of the water isolates were atypical in being rhamnose-positive. Eighteen isolates (38%) were serotypable, presenting nine different serotypes with 0:4 occurring most frequently followed by 0:6,30. Water isolates of serotype 0:6,30 resemble human strains of the same serotype. PMID- 709434 TI - Early phases of degeneration of mycoplasma-like bodies in plant tissue cultures infected with aster yellows: morphological analogies with Mycoplasma hominis. AB - Several forms of mycoplasma-like bodies (MLBs) were observed in electron micrographs of phloem cells from explants infected with aster yellows disease. The structures were found only in explants 11--25 days old, when the degenerating MLBs were first observed. They resembled those described by Anderson and Barile in 1965 for Mycoplasma hominis. A sequence of events in the degeneration of MLBs is postulated and morphological analogies with degenerating M. hominis are discussed. PMID- 709435 TI - The effects of a pesticide program on non-target epiphytic microbial populations of apple leaves. AB - The epiphytic microbial community was quantitatively and qualitatively altered when a standard pesticide schedule that comprised applications of an insecticide, a bactericide, and a fungicide was applied to McIntosh apple trees. Effects on non-target organisms were observed for two seasons by three indirect methods and three direct methods: plating of leaf washings, imprinting of leaves onto five different media, spore fall patterns, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and isolation of propagules from leaves incubated in humidity chambers. Magnitude of reduction of bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, and actinomycetes varied annually and between categories of microflora. Populations from treated leaves were reduced 10- to 1000-fold in 1976 and up to 50-fold in 1977. Qualitatively, fluorescent pseudomonads and lactic acid-type bacteria were among those depressed by pesticide. Fungal populations on treated leaves were less diverse than on control leaves. Aureobasidium was only slightly affected and incidence of Sporobolomyces was substantially higher on treated leaves than on controls. The results suggest that numbers of antagonists to foliar pathogens of apple which may occur as part of the natural epiphytic microbial community may be reduced by current pesticide programs and hence have possible implications for the development of biological approaches to integrated control strategies. PMID- 709436 TI - [Identification of actinomycetes with antifungal activity which do not affect Rhizobium meliloti]. AB - Thirteen isolates of actinomycetes that have broad antifungal activity and do not affect two efficient strains of Rhizobium meliloti were identified as: Nocardia autotrophica, Streptomyces antimycoticus, S. anulatus, S. capoamus, S. lydicus, S. murinus, S. roseo-luteus, and S. thermotolerans. PMID- 709438 TI - Rapid spectrophotometric determination of Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. AB - The amount of Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes can be accurately, rapidly, and simply determined by spectrophotometric measurements after solubilization in 0.02 M SDS, 0.02 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0). Extinction coefficients from the 260- to 300-nm absorption region are adequate for quantitative membrane determination. The following values were found: E1%1cm,280 = 9.11 +/- 0.63, E1%,S1cm,280 = 8.52 +/- 0.40 (corrected for light scattering), E1%1cm,280--310 = 8.15 +/- 0.35. The last value is the most satisfactory for routine analysis. These coefficients are not affected by large differences in the carotene and flavin contents of the membranes or by spectral changes that occur when the membranes are exposed to light. The precision obtained with this method is comparable with that achieved in spectrophotometric determinations of proteins. As little as 6 microgram of membrane can be measured in 50-microliter samples. PMID- 709437 TI - [Some amino acid stimulators and inhibitors of growth of Corynebacterium sepedonicum (Spieck, and Kott., Skapt. and Burkh.) in synthetic media]. PMID- 709439 TI - Functional anatomy of the coronary system of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (L.). PMID- 709440 TI - Effects of seasonal availability of sodium and potassium on the adrenal cortical function of a wild population of snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus. PMID- 709441 TI - Blood volume determination in the ringed seal, Phoca hispida. PMID- 709442 TI - Screening for carriers of Tay-Sachs disease: two approaches. PMID- 709443 TI - Behaviour and coronary artery disease: is this the missing link? PMID- 709444 TI - Combination antibiotic therapy in prosthetic endocarditis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. PMID- 709445 TI - The controversial internship. PMID- 709446 TI - Legionnaires' disease in Canada--1974. PMID- 709447 TI - The use of Dermovate in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 709448 TI - Role of the physician in screening for carriers of Tay-Sachs disease. AB - A screening test for carriers of Tay-Sachs disease has been available in Toronto for more than 6 years. In that time more than 11 000 Jewish residents have been tested. Most had requested testing after hearing about the screening program from friends or the media; few had been advised by their physicians to be tested. To sample the attitudes of physicians in Toronto towards carrier screening, we studied questionnaire responses of 42 physicians whose practices were composed largely of Jewish patients. Only 31% regularly advised their young adult Jewish patients to have a carrier screening test but 76% said they had patients who asked if they should be tested. Of the 14 (33%) who had had one or more patients with Tay-Sachs disease 6 did not advise carrier testing. There was a positive correlation between specialty training and support for the screening program. Methods for increasing physician advocacy of these programs are discussed. PMID- 709449 TI - Postural hypotension and diuretic therapy in the elderly. AB - Blood pressures were recorded in 319 ambulatory subjects, largely men, age 50 to 99 years. The mean systolic pressures were maximal in the seventh and eighth decades (136.0 and 132.1 mm Hg with the subjects supine and erect, respectively), whereas the mean diastolic pressures fell progressively after age 69. The distribution of postural changes in mean blood pressure was similar in each decade; a decrease of 20 mm Hg on more was noted in 3.4% of the subjects aged 80 to 99 years and in 4.1% of those aged 50 to 79 years. The frequency of postural hypotension was 4.6% in subjects treated with diuretics and 3.4% in those not so treated. Blood pressures and the frequency of postural hypotension did not progressively increase in age in this elderly population. PMID- 709450 TI - Prolonged outbreak of nosocomial urinary tract infection with a single strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Sixty-six hospitalized patients became infected with a single strain of multiply resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa over a 22-month period. The catheterized urinary tract was the site of the infection in 59 patients (89%). The outbreak was confined to a urology ward until an infected patient from this ward spent 2 weeks in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Subsequently patients who acquired the infection in the SICU were discharged to surgical wards throughout the hospital. Urine measuring containers and urometers used in the SICU were the reservoir of the P. aeruginosa; daily sterilization of this equipment terminated the outbreak. Urometers appeared to be the reservoir of the epidemic strain in subsequent outbreaks. Five patients were still infected when they were readmitted 3 to 12 months after the first admission, and therefore represented an additional reservoir of infection. PMID- 709451 TI - Coma secondary to apathetic thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 709453 TI - Courts and colleges: two parts of a deterrent system. PMID- 709452 TI - Probable interaction of loperamide and cholestyramine. PMID- 709454 TI - Baycrest Centre for geriatric care. Part II: Community living at Baycrest Terrace. PMID- 709455 TI - [Tele-Medic: physicians who come to the home]. PMID- 709456 TI - [Emergencies: a still new broad field]. PMID- 709457 TI - Do physicians meet their professional medicolegal obligations? PMID- 709458 TI - You can save money on mortgages with attention to a few details. PMID- 709459 TI - Physician manpower seminars. Part V: The ins and outs of incorporation. PMID- 709460 TI - Physician manpower seminars. Part VI: A grab bag of investment options. PMID- 709461 TI - Hemoglobinopathies: how big a problem? PMID- 709463 TI - Ontario psychologists' bill: proposed licensing system. PMID- 709462 TI - What do family physicians see in practice? PMID- 709465 TI - Theophylline: a factor affecting bioavailability. PMID- 709464 TI - Relative hyperactivity of brain centres. PMID- 709466 TI - Isoniazid overdose. PMID- 709467 TI - Normal blood pressure in offspring of persons with essential hypertension. PMID- 709468 TI - Hazards of prenatal detection of neural tube defects. PMID- 709469 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in a hospital population in Vancouver. AB - A number of varieties of thalassemia were found to be common in the Vancouver area and in other parts of British Columbia. Of 3117 patients whose blood samples were studied by hemoglobin electrophoresis at the Vancouver General Hospital between Jan 1, 1965 and June 30,1977, 813 had the beta-thalassemia trait, 18 had homozygous beta-thalassemia, 97 had alpha-thalassemia trait, 24 had hemoglobin H disease and 14 had miscellaneous variants. Eight patients had interactions of beta-thalassemia with hemoglobin S,C, D, O arab or Vancouver, and one patient had alpha thalassemia associated with hemoglobin Constant Spring. Twelve other variants were noted. They included hemoglobins B2, E, Q, GHsi Tsou, J Bangkok, British Columbia, KOLN, Lepore, Rampa, Tacoma, St. Claude and an unidentified alpha-chain variant. PMID- 709470 TI - [Thalassemia in French-speaking Quebec residents]. AB - Eighty-five cases of beta-thalassemia minor were found between January 1975 and November 1977 in 18 families of French-speaking Quebeckers without Mediterranean ancestry. Most of the families had settled in Quebec more than 200 years ago, largely in Portneuf county. This is the first report of such a number of cases of beta-thalassemia in this population. Thus, beta-thalassemia minor is a relatively common condition in Quebec and must be considered in cases of microcytic anemia without evidence of iron deficiency. The hematologic findings were similar to those reported in the past in other populations. Two cases of delta beta thalassemia minor (in sisters) are also reported; this is the first report of such cases in French Canadians. PMID- 709471 TI - Pancreaticocolonic fistula: a complication of pancreatitis. AB - In three cases of pancreaticocolonic fistula presenting before the stage of exsanguinating hemorrhage of severe sepsis the problem was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical history, visualization of the terminal part of the fistula by roentgenography after a barium enema had been given and, in two cases, demonstration of the communication with the pancreatic ductal system by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. The lesions were repaired surgically. Pancreaticocolonic fistula should be suspected in a patient with upper abdominal pain who has a history of abdominal pain and excessive alcohol consumption and in whom diarrhea and fever, hematochezia or a disappearing abdominal mass develops. Characteristically barium will collect in the terminal part of the fistula and thus permit a tentative diagnosis; the diagnosis can then be confirmed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. With this approach surgical treatment can be carried out earlier and the often fatal course of the disorder can be averted. PMID- 709472 TI - Death attributed to ventricular arrhythmia induced by thioridazine in combination with a single Contac C capsule. AB - Phenothiazines are known to produce electrocardiographic repolarization abnormalities. Thioridazine and mesoridazine appear to induce such changes more frequently than other neuroleptics and are also known to induce fatal ventricular arrhythmia. The woman described in this article died after taking her usual dose of thioridazine, 100 mg/d, in combination with a single capsule of Contac. C, a decongestant-antihistamine containing phenylpropanolamine and chlorpheniramine. Phenylpropanolamine, an ephedrine-like drug, was thought to have favoured the initiation by thioridazine of the ventricular arrhythmia that led to the woman's death. It is therefore suggested that ephedrine-like medications not be given to patients receiving thioridazine. PMID- 709473 TI - Gonorrhea in homosexual men. AB - Extragenital gonorrhea was seen in 65% of 54 cases of gonorrhea in 43 homosexual men attending a venereal diseases clinic between 1974 and 1977; in 21 cases the infection was extragenital only. This type of gonorrhea was often asymptomatic and was associated with a high rate of failure of initial treatment in 6 of the 50 cases in which the patient returned for follow-up assessment, and in 5 of the 6 the persistent infection was extragenital. Syphillis was seen concomitantly or had previously occurred in 6 of the 54 cases. Fifteen of 28 cases of primary, secondary or early latent syphilis seen in men during the same study period had occurred in homosexuals. Appropriate testing for extragenital gonorrhea and for syphilis is important in homosexual men who present for examination, and homosexuality with the possibility of extragenital gonorrhea should be considered in a man with syphilis of recent onset. PMID- 709474 TI - Impaired serum antibody response to inactivated influenza A and B vaccine in cancer patients. AB - The serum antibody response to vaccination with bivalent inactivated influenza vaccine containing A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) and B/Hong Kong/5/72 antigens was assessed in 44 patients with cancer and in 27 healthy control subjects. A fourfold or greater increase in antibody titre after vaccination occurred in 16 of the 44 cancer patients and 25 of the 27 controls for the A antigen, and in 14 of the 44 cancer patients and 20 of the 27 controls for the B antigen. Patients with lymphoma, who tended to have hypogammaglobulinemia, responded less well than did patients with solid tumours. Among the latter the failure to show a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titre correlated with a poorer 18-month survival. PMID- 709475 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a meningomyelocele. AB - Squamous cell carcinoma developed in the meningomyelocele of a 25-year-old man. This is the third such case reported. The possibility of malignant disease arising in this congenital defect must be taken into account when treatment is being considered. PMID- 709476 TI - Usefulness of three additional electrocardiographic chest leads (V7, V8, and V9) in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Additional electrocardiocardiographic chest leads (V7, V8, and V9) were used in 117 persons consecutively admitted to a coronary care unit. Among the 46 (39%) with a proven acute myocardial infarction the electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 9 (20%) showed ST-segment elevation or abnormal Q-waves, or both, in the three additional leads. In six of the nine, such changes were associated with signs of anterolateral or inferior wall infarction (in three each) on the standard 12-lead ECG, but in the other three (7% of the 46) electrocardiographic changes diagnostic of acute myocardial infarction were found only on the additional chest leads; the last three had characteristic changes in serum enzyme concentrations. This study showed that additional chest leads are helpful in detecting myocardial injury of necrosis in areas of the heart not properly reflected on the standard 12-lead ECG. PMID- 709477 TI - Recent advances in the pharmacologic regulation of fertility in men. AB - An updated review of research into contraceptives for men is presented. New concepts of the pharmacologic effects of chemical agents on germinal stem cells and spermatogenic arrest, and the effect of new compounds that act at the post testicular level but do not affect androgen production are discussed. The latest results of studies on steroidal compounds that inhibit pituitary secretion of gonadotropin and hence result in suppression of spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion are presented. The newer contraceptive pills for men are also evaluated. The major drawback to the development of chemical contraceptives for men is the fear of genetic damage and impotence. New and continued research into this type of contraception is urgently needed. PMID- 709478 TI - Promotion and marketing techniques could help Canada's disorganized immunization schedules. PMID- 709479 TI - U S report describes future prospects of primary care physicians. PMID- 709480 TI - [Planning of appointments and administrative management]. PMID- 709481 TI - Use of a microcomputer in a three-physician practice. PMID- 709482 TI - Physician migration: beware the easy way. PMID- 709483 TI - Salt and sugar in the diet. PMID- 709484 TI - CMA policy review on abortion. PMID- 709486 TI - Symposium--China and mental health. PMID- 709485 TI - Recommendations for influenza vaccination, 1978-1979. PMID- 709487 TI - Chinese approach to mental health service. PMID- 709488 TI - Psychiatric services in China: or, Mao versus Freud. AB - Reportedly, the People's Republic of China has made great progress in health care services, particularly at preventive, primary and community levels. Information on their psychiatric services is still scarce. A group of 12 health professionals visited the country for three weeks in July 1977. This paper provides a description and an analysis of the network of mental health services using a sample of one mental hospital, six general hospitals and a number of health units in cities, factories and communes. The basic principles of policy and administration are those of a collective socialism with strong central guidelines and considerable local administrative initiative. Admissions to the mental hospital in Shanghai reveal that 83% are young acute schizophrenic cases and very few are neurotic or non-psychotic. This distribution stands in great contrast with admissions to mental hospitals in the West, as is the case in Canada, where schizophrenics represent only 12% of all first admissions to mental hospitals and non-psychotic or minor conditions amount to two-thirds. An impressionistic survey of Chinese traditional medicine rooms in general hospitals revealed that a good proportion of their cases (60-70%) are diagnosed as suffering from minor organic or vague organic conditions without evidence of organic pathology and which in the West would be considered as neurotic or psychosomatic conditions. Outside the institutions, in the communes of the rural and urban areas behavioural, interpersonal and family problems are not defined specifically as mental health problems, but handled within the moral and political ideology prevalent in the country. None of the general hospitals visited had a psychiatric unit, but every patient in every hospital or health unit in the cities and countryside received a combination of traditional Chinese medicine (herbal preparations, acupuncture and moxibustion) besides the Western or modern type of treatment. Officially mental illness is not considered a major problem and it is given very low priority in medical school curricula or in the planning of health services. It is concluded that psychiatric services in China are concerned primarily with cases of psychosis and severe neurosis, that neuroses are viewed as general health problems, and personality and behaviour disorders are considered social or community matters. PMID- 709489 TI - An introduction to holistic primal therapy. AB - Holistic primal therapy is a comprehensive system of therapy where the therapist, while establishing a relationship of trust and mutual respect, acts as a catalyst for regression, the dismantling of defenses and the intensification of feelings. He or she acts as a transference object for the patient but also serves as a model of an ideal parent and normal adult. Through his own vitality he re energizes the patient and helps him to overcome therapeutic impasse by focusing and integrating. Holistic primal therapy represents an important addition to the existing psychiatric modalities of treatment and suitable candidates should no longer be denied access to it. PMID- 709490 TI - Operant management of the behavioural sequelae of Wilson's disease: a case report. AB - An approach to the management of the behavioural manifestations of Wilson's Disease by operant technique is outlined. There was considerable improvement in the patient's ability to perform autonomously on this program. When the contingencies were changed the patient's behaviour deteriorated markedly, thereby suggesting that improvement in behaviour was not due to medication alone. PMID- 709491 TI - Flight into femininity. The male menopause? PMID- 709492 TI - Paranoid psychosis with Ventolin (salbutamol tablets b.p.) PMID- 709493 TI - The custody assessment. PMID- 709494 TI - This child is mine! The battle cry for custody. PMID- 709495 TI - Basic principles in custody assessments. AB - The paper discusses some of the principles of custody assessments in divorce proceedings. It is felt that such assessments should be undertaken only upon the request of the judge or both lawyers. The assessment should be extensive and should include collecting and collating all available data obtained through interviews or letters. The report should include historical material, the formulation, and the reasons for the recommendations. Clinically, the important issue is to decide under whose care the child's growth and development is enhanced. Factors that help in this decision include the emotional ties between the parent and the child, the capacity of each parent to provide physically and emotionally, the preference of the child, and the need for continuity. The psychiatric and moral "fitness" of parents is critically reviewed. It is maintained that no parent should be given an inherent preference in custody rulings. Finally, it is argued that access should be expected after divorce and should be changed or eliminated only under strict conditions. PMID- 709496 TI - The authoritarian family and its adolescents. AB - Authoritarian Families possess characteristics similar to those of the Authoritarian Personality. They are power oriented, tend to have dichotomous conceptions, have emotional and intellectual rigidity and submit easily to authoritarian forces. The adolescents in such families are deprived of their basic needs for stability, flexibility and guidance. Consequently they feel frustrated and angry. Their anger manifests itself in various forms. A large percentage of these adolescents adopt their parents' attitudes and develop similar authoritarian personality characteristics. The second group are those who experience considerable conflict and tend to become aggressive and hostile in their interpersonal relationships. STill, there are adolescents who become withdrawn, depressed and apathetic and display great difficulty in dealing effectively with the ordinary demands of their lives. These adolescents and their families are difficult to treat. Several case histories are provided and brief outlines of a treatment approach are given. PMID- 709497 TI - Notes on the treatment of anhedonia. AB - This paper discusses the concept of anhedonia defined as the inability to experience pleasure. Many authors have noted the presence of anhedonia as a personality feature in patients with schizophrenia and other disorders. Anhedonia apparently begins early in life in relation to pathological reactions within the core family. Many authors feel that anhedonia is closely associated with poor premorbid adjustment, interpersonal incompetence and chronicity, and mediates towards poor prognosis. The authors feel that interpretive forms of psychotherapy and psychoactive medication are not particularly effective in the treatment of anhedonic patients. They propose a selection of intellectual, physical and social activities as a more direct attack on this problem of anhedonia. Through these activities the patients are able to gain a tangible experience of pleasure while developing more effective interpersonal skills. The response of patients to activities also provides material for structured forms of psychotherapy and the combination and interaction of activity therapy and traditional psychotherapy is considered to be effective in many anhedonic patients. PMID- 709498 TI - Poppers, a new recreational drug craze. AB - The study was conducted to obtain information on the recreational use of the vasodilators (RVs) amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite in Toronto. The results of 70 interviews (40 complete) indicate that sniffing these RVs gives a 'high' lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes with headache being the most common side effect. None of the more serious side effects mentioned in the literature were reported. RVs are used chiefly in conjunction with sexual activities and dancing. Their use is currently a craze amongst the male homosexual population. PMID- 709499 TI - Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychoses: a diagnostic entity which may respond to pimozide. AB - Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychoses are akin to paranoia. Although presenting with a variety of delusional complaints in individual cases, the condition appears to represent a relatively dis crete diagnostic entity. It is less rare than usually thought, but those afflicted frequently to to the physical specialties, whose treatment does not benefit them. It is important to recognize the illness, since there is tentative evidence that it may respond to treatment with pimozide. PMID- 709500 TI - Treatment of minimal brain dysfunction in a young adult. AB - A discussion of the clinical picture and treatment of minimal brain dysfunction in post adolescence is presented. Small amounts of methylphenidate appear to have a salutary effect on symptoms such as irritability, moodiness, restlessness and poor concentration . PMID- 709501 TI - Electrode-saddle for electrocardiogram recording in large animals. PMID- 709502 TI - Incidence of clinical coccidiosis in chickens in the Ontario Veterinary Services Branch Records 1973--1977. PMID- 709503 TI - Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1977. PMID- 709504 TI - Short bowel syndrome following surgical correction of a double intussusception in a dog. PMID- 709507 TI - Introduction to the International Conference on the Clinical Uses of Carcinoembryonic Antigen. PMID- 709505 TI - Ovine fetal infection due to Salmonella arizonae. PMID- 709506 TI - Case report: cyanide poisoning from Glyceria grandis S. Wats. ex Gray (tall mannagrass) in British Columbia beef herd. PMID- 709508 TI - The analytical reliability of the zirconyl phosphate method of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - We evaluated the analytical reliability of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) method of Hansen. Our experience is based on performing over 23,000 CEA assays in more than 10,000 clinical samples. The sensitivity of the assay is 0.5 ng/ml. The precision must be defined as a function of concentration. In the range 2.6 to 12 ng/ml the coefficient of variation is 4.96 to 7.39%. Long-range studies of the reproducibility of the standard curve, over a period of several years and including 435 standard curves, have shown an overall mean B/Bo of 31.45% which is close to the theoretical optimal of 33%. The long-term 90 and 50% intercepts are 0.55 +/- 0.15 and 7.11 +/- 1.0, respectively. Interlaboratory surveys show good agreement between the means of the survey group and the target values but rather large individual discrepancies. The CEA method studied here is sensitive and reproducible in intralaboratory studies but less so in interlaboratory comparisons. The reagents have performed uniformly and close to specifications over an extended period of time. PMID- 709509 TI - Pre- and postoperative uses of CEA. AB - CEA plasma levels obtained prior to definitive surgery in patients with colorectal cancer in our hands have predictive ability. An elevated CEA greater than 2.5 ng/ml recorded by our laboratory means an increased risk of subsequent local recurrence or of later metastatic disease. The question as to whether or not this is additive as a prognostic variable when tested against careful histopathological staging remains. As a monitor, CEA will detect recurrence. Again, the problem as to how accurate this is remains. If we use two consecutive elevations of plasma CEA greater than 2.5 ng/ml as a criteria, we encounter about 15% false positives which must be weighed against finding disease significantly earlier in about one-third of the patients followed. Our data for second-look procedures indicate clearly that when used in patients with an elevated CEA laparotomy may be useful and further studies showed the presence of disease in 11 of 14 patients with an elevation following surgery for two consecutive tests were greater than 2.5 ng/ml. Two were operable. The significance of these findings is described. PMID- 709510 TI - The use of serial CEA determinations to predict recurrence of colon cancer and when to do a second-look operation. AB - The concept of second-look surgery was introduced by Wangensteen 25 years ago, and 17% of patients were reported to be converted to a cancer-free state. Instead of an arbitrary time interval for reoperation, serial CEA values were used as the indicator of colon cancer recurrence and second-look operation. Twenty-two retrospective and 18 prospective patients were evaluable. There was no operative mortality. The CEA Nomogram was used to determine whether the CEA change was significant. All patient-samples were analyzed in duplicate, stored, and compared with the most recent sample; therefore, each patient served as his own control. The prospective results emphasize the importance of minimizing the time delay between a significant change in CEA values and reoperation. Equally important are the frequency of serial determinations (every one or two months), a thorough understanding of the limitations of the CEA radioimmunoassay, and the clinical condition of the patient. PMID- 709511 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a monitor of chemotherapy in disseminated colorectal cancer. AB - A rising CEA level is accepted as a sensitive indicator of recurrent colorectal carcinoma. In order to assess its efficacy in monitoring responses to chemotherapy in disseminated disease, 47 patients with documented metastatic colorectal cancer were studied. All had pretreatment CEA determinations and 40/47 (85%) patients had CEA levels greater than 4.0 ng/ml. Patients with hepatic metastases had the highest CEA values and none were found to have levels less than 4.0 ng/ml. Thirty patients received chemotherapy and had serial CEA determinations. 4/30 (13.3%) demonstrated probable tumor regression, 7/30 (23.3%) had stable disease, while 19/30 (63.3%) showed disease progression. CEA titers declined in all four responders, but in only one instance did the level fall to below 4.0 ng/ml and provide evidence of a tumor response not appreciated clinically. The only cytotoxic drugs effecting tumor regressions were 5-FU and 5 FUDR. CEA levels usually rose as disease progressed, but once elevated, absolute values did not correlate directly with tumor burden. The further usefulness of CEA assays in monitoring disseminated colorectal cancer awaits the development of improved chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 709512 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): its role as a monitor of radiation therapy for colorectal cancer. AB - Serial CEA radioimmunoassays have been performed on patients receiving radiation therapy preoperatively or as treatment of recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer. Pretreatment circulating CEA titers which were elevated showed a significant decrease with accumulating doses of irradiation, indicating that the bulk of CEA-producing tumor was within the radiation therapy portal. The decrease of circulating CEA with preoperative radiation therapy was short-lived and suggested that surgical resection should be performed within 8 weeks of irradiation. Serial CEA titers are useful as an adjunct to other clinical, laboratory and radiologic data in formulating patient management decisions. PMID- 709513 TI - Reversible elevation of plasma CEA associated with iatrogenic unilateral hydronephrosis in a patient operated for colorectal cancer. AB - A patient is reported with progressively rising plasma levels of CEA in association with iatrogenic, unilateral hydronephrosis, subsequent to surgery for colorectal cancer. The CEA level returned to normal with spontaneous recovery of the hydronephrosis. The knowledge of this association should serve as an additional guideline when a "second-look" operation is being considered in colorectal cancer patients (who have been previously rendered free of disease by pelvic surgery) when plasma CEA begins to rise progressively. PMID- 709514 TI - Long-term follow-up of colorectal carcinoma patients by repeated CEA radioimmunoassay. PMID- 709515 TI - The monitoring role of plasma CEA alone and in association with other tumor markers in colorectal and mammary carcinoma. AB - During the past decade, evidence has accumulated to show that most, if not all, human tumors produce a variety of different factors which, if they pass into the blood and/or urine, may serve as tumor index substances (tumor markers).7 Tumor markers may either be: 1) tumor-derived--i.e., produced by the tumor itself, or 2) tumor-associated--i.e., produced by other tissues in response to the presence of the tumor and its local or distant effects on that tissue. Examples of this latter category include the changes in urinary hydroxyproline output in patients with bone metastases or the altered levels of serum acute phase proteins in neoplasia in general.7 Tumor-derived markers may be produced by either the tumor cell population itself, e.g., CEA, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and other oncofetal antigens, inappropriate hormones such as ACTH etc., or by their supporting framework (stroma), e.g., the osteolysins of human breast cancer.3 PMID- 709516 TI - Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen in pancreatic carcinoma. AB - Circulating CEA levels were determined in 102 patients wtih histologically proven pancreatic carcinoma and 26 patients with chronic pancreatitis. In the group with pancreatic carcinoma eleven patients had resectable tumors, the mean CEA in the nonjaundiced patients was 10 +/- 5 ng/ml while the mean value in jaundiced patients in this group was 27 +/- 40. Thirty-four patients with nonmetastatic locally unresectable disease had a mean serum CEA of 25 +/- 52 with a range of 1 to 250 ng/ml. Twenty-one percent had values of 5 ng/ml or less. The mean value in 57 patients with metastatic disease was 97 +/- 194 with a range of 0.05 to 1000 ng/ml and 19 percent had values of 5 ng/ml or less. Survival of patients with locally unresectable or metastatic carcinoma was significantly longer in those patients who had a normal CEA at the time of diagnosis. Circulating CEA in the metastatic group was much lower in patients with nonhepatic metastases as well as in those with well differentiated adenocarcinoma histology. Twenty-three patients with chronic pancreatitis and normal serum bilirubin had a mean CEA value of 5.3 +/- 4 ng/ml with 65% of values being 5 ng/ml or less but the CEA ranged from 4.6 to 27 in three who were jaundiced. PMID- 709517 TI - Initial levels of CEA and their rate of change in pancreatic carcinoma following surgery chemotherapy and radiation therapy. AB - CEA levels and their rate of change in 41 patients with pancreatic carcinoma following surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy were determined. Surgical resection, though not curative, was associated with a decrease in CEA level, with approximately half these levels returned to normal. No correlation with survival was noted. CEA levels are increased by obstructive jaundice. Radiation alone or in combination with 5-Fluorouracil did not change CEA levels in patients with locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. CEA levels progressively increased in patients with widespread metastatic pancreatic carcinoma, who expired from their disease. PMID- 709518 TI - Prognostic value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) plasma levels in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 709519 TI - Measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Estimation of CEA levels by the Z-gel method indicates that smokers, patients with limited lung cancer and patients with extensive lung cancer have higher values than nonsmoking controls. The CEA levels within each group are significantly different from one another. Use of CEA estimation for diagnostic purposes is limited because of the considerable overlap between normal controls and patients with cancer, the relatively low incidence of elevated values in patients with limited disease and the high incidence of false negatives (20%) even in patients with extensive disease. Elevated CEA values are associated with a poor prognosis and could be of clinical value as an addition to clinical staging to determine survival particularly for patients with extra-thoracic disease. Persistently high values in patients deemed clinically disease-free postoperatively are indicative of residual disease and a poor prognosis. If and when effective therapy for bronchogenic carcinoma becomes available, monitoring of CEA values may be useful in some patients as an early indication of release. Further studies are required to determine if the extraordinarily poor prognosis associated with marked elevations of CEA may be used as an additional criterion of inoperability in such patients. PMID- 709520 TI - CEA levels in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - Serum CEA levels were determined serially by the Hansen Z gel technique on 41 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus and compared to 276 controls. Seventy percent of patients with carcinomas of the esophagus had elevated CEA levels. CEA levels greater than 10.0 ng/ml after therapy correlated with significantly shortened survival. CEA appears promising as an indicator of tumor presence in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 709521 TI - The detection of elevated plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with suspected or established medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and calcitonin (CT) were measured in 35 normal control subjects and in 37 patients with suspected or established medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). None of the normal control subjects had elevated basal plasma levels of either CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) or CT (greater than 0.25 ng/ml). However, of the 37 patients with suspected or established MTC, 23 (62%) had elevated basal plasma levels of CEA (range 9.8--7,000 ng/ml) and 27 (73%) had elevated basal plasma CT values (range 0.30--500 ng/ml). Generally, patients with clinically apparent MTC, either primary or metastatic, had higher plasma CEA and CT levels than those with occult disease. A positive correlation was found (r = 0.785, p less than 0.01) when comparing basal plasma CEA and stimulated plasma CT levels in 20 patients. A marked increase above the basal plasma level of CT but not CEA was detected in each of six MTC patients following intravenous calcium or pentagastrin. These data demonstrate that basal plasma levels of CEA and CT were increased in a large percentage of patients with MTC. Plasma calcitonin levels unlike plasma CEA levels were more often elevated in patients with occult disease and were increased above basal following the intravenous administration of either calcium gluconate or pentagastrin. PMID- 709522 TI - Clinical correlation between CEA and breast cancer. AB - Elevated plasma CEA levels were observed in 14.2% (2/14) of preoperative patients, 7.9% (3/38) of postoperative patients, and 70.9% (83/117) of patients with metastatic disease. Within these respective groups the simultaneous measurement of hCG, three polyamines and three minor nucleosides further enhanced the detection rates to 69.2%, 54.2%, and 98.6%. It was observed that in patients with at least one elevated CEA, measurement of sequential CEA levels paralleled the clinical course of metastatic disease in 25 patients. Prior to therapy for metastatic disease CEA levels greater than 5 ng/ml were associated with lower response rates and a shorter time to treatment failure than were levels less than or equal to 5 ng/ml. This effect was enhanced in patients also having an elevated hCG level. Hepatic and osseous involvement were associated with a greater incidence of CEA elevations than were pulmonary or soft tissue sites of involvement. PMID- 709523 TI - Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen as a plasma monitor for human breast carcinoma. AB - Plasma CEA levels have been determined in 92 normal women and 768 women with benign or malignant breast diseases. Only one of 92 normal women had a CEA level above 5 ng/ml. Of 253 women with benign breast diseases (gross cystic disease, adenofibroma, fibrosis, etc.) only one had a CEA level above 5 ng/ml. Ninety-four percent of the above two groups of women had CEA levels below 3 ng/ml. Of 164 women operated upon for Columbia Clinical Classification Stage A or B breast carcinoma, preoperative CEA levels were above 5 ng/ml in seven (4%). Patients with a preoperative CEA level above 3 ng/ml seemed to have an increased incidence of tumor recurrence. Elevated CEA levels (greater than 10 ng/ml) in our postmastectomy population of 288 patients have correlated with development of metastases in 14 of 46 subjects. Of 216 patients under treatment for metastatic breast carcinoma, CEA levels above 10 ng/ml have been detected in 15 percent of patients with soft tissue metastases, 38% of patients with visceral metastases and 50% of patients with osseous metastases. Of metastatic breast carcinoma patients with CEA levels above 10 ng/ml serial measurements have correlated with the patients response to therapy, progressively increasing in treatment failures and decreasing in treatment responders. PMID- 709524 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancer. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined in 742 postoperative patients with breast cancer. Within this group the percentage of elevated (greater than or equal to 4.0 ng/ml) assays increased with UICC clinical stage and was 14.8% (12/81), 23.7% (27/114), 73.1% (190/260) and 20.0% (49/245) for stages I, II, III, IV and X (unstagable due to insufficient data) patients. We have now followed the above 482 stages I, II, III and X patients in whom CEA was performed less than or equal to 3 months after initial surgery at a time when there was no evidence of residual disease, for an average interval of 255 days from date of diagnosis. At present 16.2% (17/105) of patients with elevated CEA values compared to only 4.8% (18/377) of patients with normal values have developed recurrent disease (p less than .0005). There is an association of elevation of CEA postoperatively with different clinical stages of breast cancer. Elevated CEA levels postoperatively are associated with an increased risk of development of recurrent disease in breast cancer patients. PMID- 709525 TI - Levels of CEA among vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride exposed workers. PMID- 709526 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen: transmission by blood products. PMID- 709527 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the cancer family syndrome. AB - We present findings on plasma CEA in relatives and spouses from six kindreds manifesting the Cancer Family syndrome. The CEA distributions per se were transformed to square root CEA to correct for skewness and kurtosis. Significant effects of age and duration of smoking were adjusted for by linear regression. Relatives were classified as: 1) cancer patients, 2) individuals at high genetic cancer risk (one or more first-degree relatives affected, and 3) individuals at low genetic cancer risk (no first-degree relatives affected) for statistical comparisons. Unrelated spouses were also classified into corresponding groups according to their directline mate's status. Cancer patients and relatives at high genetic risk had significantly greater mean square root CEA than relatives at low genetic risk, and, surprisingly, unrelated spouses had mean levels of square root CEA which were similar to that in the corresponding cancer risk class of their direct-line mates. Our results suggest the existence of both a genetic and connubial effect on CEA, presumably due to a common environmental agent acting in concert with the degree of genetic predisposition to oncogenesis in this syndrome. PMID- 709528 TI - Present status of the zinc glycinate marker (ZGM). AB - ZGM was purified from both primary and metastatic colonic carcinomas demonstrably positive for ZGM by immunofluorescence microscopy. ZGM purification included preparative Pevikon electrophoresis, Sepharose 4B molecular exclusion chromatography and Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. ZGM had an alpha2 electrophoretic mobility, an estimated molecular weight by Sepharose 4B equal to or greater than 2 x 10(6), and did not bind to Con A-Sepharose, although having determinants with CEA-like activity. Its immunologic activity was resistant to trypsin or phospholipase A but not to neuraminidase. Antisera prepared to ZGM and absorbed with saliva, when tested by double immunodiffusion, formed a single precipitation line with saline extracts of colon tumors and did not cross-react with CEA, AFP, normal tissue extracts, ferritin, NCA, NCA-2, CSAp, blood groups A, B, H, Lewis antigen, or buffy coat, alpha-2 macroglobulin, saliva or ovarian cyst fluid. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the presence of ZGM in 40 out of 45 adenocarcinomas of the GI tract staining primarily in tumors, the apical cytoplasm, and in grossly nonmalignant tissues, the deep crypts of the villi, while all of 22 non-GI tumors in the study were ZGM negative. PMID- 709530 TI - Natural occurrence of human tumor-associated anti-fetal antibodies during normal pregnancy. PMID- 709529 TI - Comparative evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen and gross cystic disease fluid protein as plasma markers for human breast carcinoma. AB - A comparative evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP) as plasma markers for human breast carcinoma has been performed. Both assays appear to be useful in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. Of 216 patients under treatment for metastatic disease, 111 (51%) had abnormal plasma levels of CEA and/or GCDFP. Abnormal plasma levels of CEA were present in 73 patients whereas abnormal GCDFP levels were present in 67. Twenty-nine patients had increased plasma levels of both markers simultaneously, 44 patients had increased CEA levels only and 38 patients had increased GCDFP levels only. Thus, of the 111 patients with elevated levels of either CEA or GCDFP, the two markers varied independently of each other in 74%. Utilizing both assays, abnormal plasma levels were present in 79% of patients with osseous metastasis, 53% of patients with visceral metastasis and 26% with soft tissue metastasis. Both assays, when performed serially in patients treated for metastatic breast carcinoma, were found to have utility in monitoring responsiveness; and increasing CEA or GCDFP plasma level indicated disease progression and a decreasing plasma level indicated regression. PMID- 709531 TI - The value of adriamycin in the treatment of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. AB - Thirty-six patients with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma were seen over a period of 15 years. The median age was 60 years (range, 21 to 75 years), and the male to female ratio was 2.3 to 1. The most common symptoms were chest pain and shortness of breath and all patients presented with pleural effusion on chest x ray. The diagnosis was established by tissue biopsy in all cases. The median survival time for all patients was 12.5 months. Twenty-one patients were treated with an adriamycin-containing regimen and in this group, the median survival time from histological diagnosis was 14 months. In contrast, the median survival time for the 15 patients, who did not receive adriamycin, was 6 months (p = 0.009). The median survival time from the initiation of chemotherapy was 9 months for the adriamycin group and 2 months for patients treated with other type of chemotherapy (p = 0.001). Adriamycin appears to be of benefit in the treatment of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. PMID- 709533 TI - Pituitary oncocytic tumor with Cushing's disease. AB - Pituitary adenomas composed of oncocytes are rare. We report a young female with an atypical oncocytic tumor of the pituitary. The histology was unusual because the oncocytic cells--in addition to an abundance of abnormal mitochondria- contained a conspicuous smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The tumor grew invasively and the patient developed adrenal hypercorticism. PMID- 709532 TI - Cytosine arabinoside induced gastrointestinal toxic alterations in sequential chemotherapeutic protocols: a clinical-pathologic study of 33 patients. AB - Sequential chemotherapeutic regimens, primarily used in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies, and employing ara-C as a basic antineoplastic agent induce mucosal alterations in the entire gastrointestinal tract. These are characterized by surface and glandular epithelial atypia, immaturity, and necrosis. Glandular regeneration is characteristically delayed leading to a state of intestinal aproliferative cytopenia. Other toxic intestinal changes include telangiectasia of blood vessels and the formation of intramural hematomas. Intestinal infections develop frequently and are complicated by peritonitis, liver abscesses, pneumatosis cystoides in testinalis and sepsis. These intestinal lesions are accompanied by a predictable clinical syndrome which begins concomitantly with ara-C infusions and is characterized by diarrhea, ileus, abdominal pain, hematemesis and melena, severe hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and a protein-losing enteropathy. Additional toxic manifestations induced by ara-C include transient weight gains, fever elevations and severe bone marrow depression. The genesis of the intestinal lesions is linked to the three day dose schedule of ara-C infusions which insures both arrest of the cycling intestinal cells in the S-phase and a high cytotoxic index. The severity of these lesions is markedly augmented by prior treatment with ara-C and cyclophosphamide which causes synchronization and probable recruitment of intestinal stem cells, respectively. PMID- 709534 TI - Adenosquamous carcinoma of skin appendages (adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, pseudoglandular squamous cell carcinoma, adenocanthoma of sweat gland of Lever) of the vulva: a clinical and ultrastructural study. AB - History and clinical findings of 18 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the skin appendages found among 135 cases of primary carcinoma of the vulva seen at the University of Minnesota Hospital between 1951 and 1970 were analyzed. In addition, two recent cases of this tumor were studied with conventional transmission electron microscopy. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the vulva showed poorer survival and a higher rate of lymph node metastases than squamous cell carcinoma of the corresponding stages (carcinoma in situ excluded). In four out of thirteen cases, the metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes retained glandular pattern. The ultrastructure showed mucin-producing columnar cells lining glandular lumina, and poorly differentiated squamous cells elsewhere; further, cells of the intermediate type between the two were present. This study indicates that adenosquamous carcinoma of the vulva is a distinctively separate entity from squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, and possibly arises from mucin-producing cells of the skin appendages as suggested by Johnson and Helwig. PMID- 709535 TI - Intraoral papillary squamous cell tumor of the soft palate with features of sialadenoma papilliferum-? malignant sialadenoma papilliferum. AB - An unusual, recurring, squamous papillary tumor involving and possibly arising from minor salivary gland excretory ducts in the palate is presented. Similarity to sialadenoma papilliferum and upper respiratory tract papillomatosis is noted. A paraglandular cystic mass with some resemblance to the palatal lesion, and a solitary lymph node with papillary squamous epithelial deposits was found in a radical neck dissection. We suggest that the lymph node lesion represents a metastasis which may have arisen from the palatal lesion, and therefore propose the concept of a possible malignant analogue of sialadenoma papilliferum. PMID- 709536 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a case report. AB - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy developed 5 months before the clinical manifestation of an anaplastic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in a 53-year-old male. The possible association and significance of this relationship, which has not been hitherto reported, is discussed. PMID- 709537 TI - Anaplastic dysgerminoma. AB - A rare case of rapidly evolving dysgerminoma produced death by tumor in less than two months after onset of symptoms. It is important to recall that dysgerminoma possesses considerable malignant potential, which infrequently is manifested by rapidly progressive disease. Certain risk factors, present in the pathological specimen, serve to indicate the aggressive potential of such neoplasms. PMID- 709538 TI - A preliminary study of intralesional, intralymph node, intravenous and intraperitoneal Corynebacterium parvum treatments in patients with advanced cancer. AB - Twenty-one patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and/or cervical lymph node and four patients with soft tissue sarcomas were given intralesional (2-4 mg/m2) and intralymph node (2-4 mg/m2) C. parvum injections followed by 5 intravenous (2-4 mg/m2) C. parvum treatments and conventional therapies. Seven patients with Stage III ovarian carcinomas were given intraperitoneal (2-4 mg/m2) C. parvum injections followed by conventional therapies. The local and systemic effects of the C. parvum treatments were described and the anti-tumor effects were evaluated in this series of patients. PMID- 709539 TI - Value of serum copper levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates as indicators of disease activity in children with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Initial and serial serum copper levels (SCL) and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) of 29 children with Hodgkin's disease were reviewed to determine the relationship of these features to disease activity. Only six of 10 patients who relapsed had SCL greater than adult upper normal levels. Although correction for age increased this to 7, it also increased the number of patients with false positive results to 9 of 19. Although 9 of the 10 patients at relapse had an increase in SCL over the preceding value, almost one-fifth of patients in remission had increases in consecutive SCL greater than the average increase of patients who relapsed. We conclude that SCL, even when age corrected and consecutively followed, are not useful as indicators of disease activity in children with Hodgkin's disease. Although the ESR increased to greater than 20 mm/hour in 9 of 10 patients who relapsed, this determination could not be considered a useful early indicator of disease recurrence since it was so frequently elevated in patients who were free of disease (62 of 109 determinations). The extremely nonspecific nature of SCL and ESR in childhood renders these tests unreliable, particularly in the individual child. PMID- 709540 TI - Cancer and total mortality among active Mormons. AB - Based on Church records for 15,500 California Mormons during 1968 to 1975 and for 55,000 Utah Mormons during 1970 and 1975, the ratio of age-adjusted death rates for religiously active Mormon males compared with U.S. white males is 38% for ages 35 to 64 years and 50% for ages 35 years and above. The remaining life expectancy for active Mormon men at age 35 is about 44 years, over 7 years greater than for U.S. white males. Their standardized mortality ratio is 50% for all cancer, being 23% for smoking-related cancer sites and 68% for all other sites. Active Mormons, defined here to be High Priests and Seventies, abstain almost completely from the use of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, and tea, but appear to be fairly similar to other white males with regard to socioeconomic status, urbanization, and diet. Active Mormons are healthier than Mormons as a whole and rank among the lowest in mortality when compared with other groups of healthy males. PMID- 709541 TI - Relative high frequency of childhood Hodgkin's disease in the north of Portugal. AB - Sex, age and histopathologic pattern of 322 cases of Hodgkin's disease diagnosed at the Laboratory of Pathology of Oporto Medical School between 1930 and 1974 are presented. 35 (10.9%) of the 322 patients were less than 10 years old. The male/female ratio of childhood Hodgkin's disease was 2.9:1 and the histologic observation revealed mixed cellularity in 18 (51.4%) and nodular sclerosis in 10 (28.6%) of the 35 cases. Childhood Hodgkin's disease relative frequency has abruptly decreased in the last five years of the study period. Most of the children belonged to large families living under poor socioeconomic conditions and the majority of them presented in advanced clinical stages. These findings are similar to those previously described in some developing countries of tropical and subtropical regions and reinforce the advanced relationship between under-development and the geographic variations in childhood Hodgkin's disease frequency and pattern. PMID- 709542 TI - Systematic restaging in patients with Hodgkin's disease: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - Eighty-two patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease who were in apparent complete remission (CR) after receiving 10 courses of combination chemotherapy were systematically reevaluated for persisting disease. Occult Hodgkin's disease was found in 10 (12%) of these patients and was predominantly present in nodal sites (91%) which were known to have been involved at initial staging (100%). Repeat chest radiography, Gallium-67 tumor scanning and lymphography were the most helpful procedures for detecting residual disease. Nine of the 72 (13%) patients felt to be free of disease after negative restaging subsequently relapsed within 8 months. Sites of early relapse, like the sites of disease found at restaging, occurred almost always in previously involved nodal areas. We conclude that systematic restaging should be incorporated into subsequent lymphoma trials in order to define more clearly complete remission and that every patient treated for lymphoma should undergo a careful restaging evaluation before therapy is discontinued. PMID- 709543 TI - Mediastinal rhabdomyoma. AB - An 80-year-old black male with gastric adenocarcinoma, liver metastases, and parathyroid adenomas also had a rhabdomyoma of the anterior-superior mediastinum. This appears to be the first reported case of mediastinal rhabdomyoma in the literature. The ultrastructural demonstration of haphazardly arranged myofilaments with prominent Z bands and the absence of demosomes indicates that it is of extra-cardiac type. The probable origin of this tumor from the myoid cells of the thymus is discussed. PMID- 709544 TI - Lymphangioma circumscriptum following radical mastectomy and radiation therapy. AB - Lymphangioma circumscriptum, a rare long-term complication of chronic lymphedema, has been described only twice following radical mastectomy. The case discussed in this report developed 25 years after radical mastectomy and radiation therapy. Both this condition and lymphangiosarcoma, its malignant counterpart, may arise in lymphedematous extremities regardless of the etiology of the lymphatic obstruction. PMID- 709545 TI - Major peripheral arterial occlusion due to malignant tumor embolism: histologic recognition and surgical management. AB - Four cases of major peripheral arterial occlusion due to malignant tumor emboli are reported. All of the emboli originated from primary lung carcinomas, three following resection of the lung tumor, and the fourth occurring spontaneously before discovery of the lung primary. Each patient underwent successful embolectomy and was discharged without any related deficits. Their survival ranged from three to seven months. These cases emphasize the possibility of tumor embolism either spontaneously or following surgical manipulation. Early pulmonary vein ligation and, if indicated, intrapericardial ligation should be performed at the time of resection to try to prevent this complication. PMID- 709546 TI - Recognition and successful management in pulmonary aspergillosis in leukemia. AB - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a common fungal infection in the compromised host. The outcome has been generally poor and, until recently, most reports are derived from autopsy series. We report nine patients with leukemia and the characteristic clinical presentation of pulmonary infarction. There is histological evidence that infarction is due to fungal invasion of the pulmonary arterial system with distal hemorrhagic infarction, cavitation, and mycetoma formation. This complete evolution was detected in six patients, none of whom had previous cavitary pulmonary disease. Therapy included amphotericin B (9 patients), aerosolized nystatin (6 patients), and 5-fluorocytosine (5 patients). Complete resolution of the pulmonary lesions occurred in six patients with a subsequent median survival of 13.5 months (range: 5-32+ months). Three patients died with continuing pulmonary infiltrate. Despite the antifungal chemotherapy, resolution seemed to correlate best with recovery of circulating neutrophils. PMID- 709547 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocyte cultures of patients receiving chemotherapy for malignant disorders. AB - The frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was studied in peripheral lymphocytes of patients receiving chemotherapy for various malignant disorders. Significantly increased SCE frequencies were recorded in six patients 2-7 weeks after CCNU treatment and in one patient 2 weeks after melphalan treatment. One patient treated with prednimustine and one treated with DTIC had SCE frequencies just within the upper limit of the control range 1-2 weeks after therapy. Normal SCE frequencies were recorded in nine patients studied at times varying from 3 days to several weeks after administration of cytostatic courses involving 5 fluorouracil, vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, thioTEPA, methotrexate, and prednimustine. Radiotherapy could not be causally related to increased SCE frequencies in any of the patients. The results indicate that CCNU and melphalan, in contrast to several other chemotherapeutic agents, induce very long-lived DNA lesions, which may be of crucial importance for the development of secondary neoplasms. PMID- 709548 TI - Vindesine: a phase II study in the treatment of breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and other tumors. PMID- 709549 TI - Comparison of the therapeutic effects of adriamycin alone versus adriamycin plus vincristine versus adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 709550 TI - Biology and therapeutic response of a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (16/C) and its potential as a model for surgical adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - A mammary adenocarcinoma (16/C) was isolated and maintained in serial passage by transplantation of metastatic lung foci. This tumor originated as a spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma in a C3H/He female mouse. It was selected as a model from greater than 50 mammary tumors studied because it was highly metastatic and because it responded to most of the agents reported to be active against breast cancer in women. Sc implanted 16/C tumors (in the 300--1000-mg range) metastasized to the lungs in greater than 75% of the mice and to the axillary lymph nodes in greater than 30%. This tumor has been tested for sensitivity to greater than 40 clinically used agents. Adriamycin was the most active single agent. Other active agents included cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, melphalan, dibromodulcitol, maytansine, neocarzinostatin, palmO-ara C, vinblastine, and VP-16-213. Agents most active against 40--1000-mg tumours were also most active against micrometastatic disease (eg, adriamycin). The converse was also true; agents inactive or marginally active against 40--1000-mg tumors were at best marginally active against micrometastatic disease (eg, BCNU). Tumors greater than 20 mg were not curable by chemotherapy alone, although adriamycin treatment caused complete regressions of 100--400-mg tumors in greater than 80% of the mice. Surgical removal of 300--1000-mg tumors plus therapy with adriamycin resulted in 40%--72% cures as compared to 0--26% cures with surgery only. Data resulting from treatment with other agents, singly and in combination, are presented. PMID- 709551 TI - Protective effect of hyperthermia against the cytotoxicity of actinomycin D on Chinese hamster cells. AB - Hyperthermia is being tested as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for clinical use. We elected to study the interaction of heat at 43 degrees C with actinomycin D (AMD) (0.5 microgram/ml) in tissue culture using plateau phase Chinese hamster cells. The simultaneous administration of 43 degrees C and AMD produces more than additive cytotoxicity if the duration of exposure is less than 30 minutes; however, this is quickly reversed with longer exposures with the cells developing resistance to further cytotoxicity of AMD. If heat (43 degrees C) is applied before AMD exposure, the cells also are rendered insensitive, with a greater protection observed for longer periods of heating. For example, for cells heated for 2 hours at 43 degrees C and then exposed to AMD (0.5 microgram/ml for 2 hours), cytotoxicity to AMD is decreased by a factor of 10. Heat-induced resistance to AMD persists for at least 18 hours before full recovery of AMD effect returns. The application of heat following AMD exposure also protects against the cytotoxicity of AMD. Studies using 3H-AMD demonstrate that the resistance does not correlate with reduced membrane permeability to AMD of heated cells. Attention must be given to the timing of hyperthermia when used clinically as adjuvant therapy in patients receiving AMD. PMID- 709552 TI - Hepatic arterial BCNU: a pilot clinical-pharmacologic study in patients with liver tumors. AB - BCNU at a dose of 200 mg/m2 was administered in a 60-minute hepatic arterial (HA) infusion to three patients with liver-predominant neoplastic disease. Nitrosourea blood levels were measured during the 60-minute infusion and for 30 minutes after completion of the infusion in samples obtained simultaneously from a hepatic venous (HV) catheter and a peripheral venous (PV) site. Direct extraction of blood with diethyl ether was used in order to remove quantitatively the nitrosourea from blood and thereby stabilize it against in vitro breakdown in blood prior to colorimetric analysis. As determined by blood levels, steady-state was achieved within 50 minutes of infusion. Mean HV levels at steady-state were 2.5-fold higher in the HV compared to PV samples. The higher HV compared to PV levels must reflect higher tumor exposure to nitrosourea with HA compared to the usual iv route of administration. No drug-related hepatic toxicity was noted. Myelosuppression was noted in only one patient in whom reversible leukopenia (granulocyte nadir, 500/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (platelet nadir, 20,000/mm3) developed. PMID- 709553 TI - Evaluation of single-dose vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide in childhood solid tumors. AB - Bolus chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide was administered to 31 patients with solid tumors. Among 12 patients with measurable disease who had not received prior treatment, a complete response was achieved in one with Ewing's sarcoma and a partial response was achieved in another with rhabdomyosarcoma. The dose-limiting toxicity was granulocytopenia. PMID- 709554 TI - Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer with methyl-CCNU plus 5-day 5 fluorouracil infusion. AB - Thirty-six patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma who had not received prior chemotherapy and had tumor sites measurable or evaluable for response received methyl-CCNU at a dose of 175 mg/m2 orally on Day 1 plus 5-fluorouracil at a dose of 30 mg/kg/24 hours by continuous iv infusion for 120 hours (Days 1-5). Doses were chosen to approach the maximum which could be administered in combination. The cycle was repeated 6 weeks later. Objective partial responses occurred in six patients (17%), with five responses apparent after the first cycle and one additional response after the second cycle. The response duration ranged from 1.5 to 18+ months (median, 5 months). Dose-limiting toxic effects included mucositis in 18 patients (50%) and dermatitis in nine patients (25%), while leukopenia (less than 4000 cells/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000 platelets/mm3) were observed on at least one occasion during therapy in 52% and 46% of patients, respectively. 5-Fluorouracil administration by infusion avoided overlapping myelosuppression and allowed a higher total dose to be given with methyl-CCNU. However, the response to the combination did not exceed the results anticipated for the use of either drug alone. PMID- 709555 TI - In vivo characteristics of resistance and cross-resistance of an adriamycin resistant subline of P388 leukemia. AB - A subline of P388 leukemia resistant to adriamycin (P388/ADR) was developed by exposure to the drug in vivo. Resistance to adriamycin proved to be a stable characteristic of P388/ADR. There was no significant inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis in P388/ADR cells in vivo following a dose of 10 mg/kg of adriamycin in contrast to a prolonged and complete inhibition, particularly of DNA synthesis, observed in parental sensitive P388 leukemia cells. P388/ADR proved to be completely cross-resistant to a spectrum of anthracycline derivatives. Cross resistance was observed to nonanthracycline DNA intercalating agents (with the exception of anthramycin), to agents which interfere with mitotic spindle function, and to antineoplastic inhibitors of protein biosynthesis (with the exception of bruceantin). P388/ADR was sensitive to antimetabolites and alkylating agents. Cross-resistance was also observed to several agents (ICRF 159, a terephthalanilide, taxol, lymphosarcin, bouvardin, and a crude extract of Ervatamia hyneana) whose mechanisms of action have not yet been clearly defined. This observation has proved useful in providing a lead for determination of mechanism of action of some of these drugs. The pattern of cross-resistance of a subline of P388 leukemia resistant to daunorubicin, though not studied extensively, appears to be similar to that of P388/ADR. PMID- 709557 TI - Amphotericin B and combination chemotherapy in the treatment of refractory metastatic breast carcinoma and sarcoma. AB - Nineteen patients resistant to an adriamycin-containing regimen were treated with 4 days of amphotericin B and the same adriamycin-containing chemotherapy regimen that had been given without amphotericin B. Of the 14 evaluable patients (11 with breast carcinoma and three with sarcoma), one patient with breast carcinoma achieved a partial remission and a second patient with breast carcinoma remained stable. All other patients developed progressive disease. Both hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity were significantly increased when amphotericin B was added to chemotherapy. PMID- 709556 TI - Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, adriamycin, and cytosine arabinoside: a pilot study. AB - Fifty-four patients with clinical evidence of residual colorectal adenocarcinoma following surgical removal of the primary tumor were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, adriamycin, and cytosine arabinoside. The objective response rate in these patients was 17%. Bone marrow suppression was the major toxic effect. These data fail to show an advantage of this combination therapy over previously described chemotherapeutic regimens. PMID- 709558 TI - Regression of 180J sarcoma after treatment with substituted indoloquinolinones. PMID- 709559 TI - Phase II evaluation of maytansine in patients with metastatic lung cancer. PMID- 709560 TI - Antitumor activity of fungal metabolites: verrucarin beta-9, 10-epoxides. AB - Verrucarins A (4) and B (5) and verrucarin A acetate, in vivo antileukemic inactive fungal metabolites, have been oxidized with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to give verrucarin beta-9,10-epoxides which show high in vivo activity against P388 mouse leukemia. PMID- 709561 TI - Levamisole granulocytopenia in patients receiving an adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy program after surgery for breast carcinoma with axillary lymph node involvement. PMID- 709562 TI - Ophthalmologic toxicity after cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) therapy. AB - Two cases of apparent ophthalmologic toxicity which occurred during treatment with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP) are described. In the first case, a patient with testicular carcinoma developed papilledema after three courses of DDP and adriamycin therapy. In the second case, a patient with breast cancer developed retrobulbar neuritis after three courses of DDP therapy. The differential diagnosis and possible explanation for these toxic effects are discussed. PMID- 709563 TI - Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate, and procarbazine (CAMP) treatment of non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 709564 TI - Use of the myocardial biopsy to monitor cardiotoxicity. PMID- 709565 TI - Monitoring of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. PMID- 709566 TI - Specific conversion of D-galactose into D-galacturonic acid residues in glycoproteins: a facile method for carbohydrate linkage-analysis. AB - The terminal D-galactopyranosyl residues of asialoglycopeptides isolated from human alpha1-acid glycoprotein were oxidized in nearly quantitative yield to the corresponding uronic acid residues by a two-step sequence employing D-galactose oxidase followed by treatment with Tollens reagent, Ag(NH3)+2. Mild acid hydrolysis of the oxidized glycopeptides led to the isolation of the corresponding aldobiuronic acid(s). Structural and colorimetric analysis revealed that only one aldobiuronic acid 2-amino-2-deoxy-4-O-(beta-D galactopyranosyluronic acid)-D-glucose, was isolated from the oxidized glycopeptides of alpha1-acid glycoprotein. This method can readily distinguish between the (1 leads to 3), (1 leads to 4), and (1 leads to 6) isomers of the corresponding aldobiuronic acids. PMID- 709568 TI - Exercise testing in children and young adults: an overview. AB - This chapter has demonstrated the diagnostic capability and feasibility of documenting functional abnormalities during dynamic stress in a pediatric population. The overview confirms that a controlled exercise procedure can be performed routinely in ambulatory children with or without cardiovascular disease and should be included in the clinical evaluation of specific lesions. It now appears that the primary indications for noninvasive exercise testing in the pediatric population include the following disorders: 1. Left ventricular outflow obstructions, a. Subvalvar obstructions, b. Valvar obstructions, c. Supravalvar obstructions, d. Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, e. Coarctation of the aorta; 2. Chronic left or right ventricular volume overload, a. Atrioventricular or semilunar valve incompetence, b. Left-to-right shunts; 3. Rhythm and conduction disturbances, a. Postoperative ventriculotomy, b. Bradytachyarrhythmias, c. Arrhythmias in patients with or without symptoms. The role of the exercise procedure is not yet established in the following areas: 1. Patients with family history of premature atherosclerosis or Type II hyperlipoproteinemia; 2. Patients with elevated blood pressure; 3. The evaluation of syncope, chest pain, or atypical findings on physical examinations (especially in athletes). Consequent upon increased interest and improved technology, the role of this technique will soon be established in the invasive and noninvasive evaluation of pediatric patients with or without overt cardiovascular disease. PMID- 709567 TI - Role of exercise testing in the preoperative and postoperative assessment of patients with noncoronary disease. PMID- 709569 TI - The National Exercise and Heart Disease Project: development, recruitment, and implementation. PMID- 709570 TI - Psychological factors related to exercise. PMID- 709571 TI - [Luke's classification of malignant lymphogranuloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 709572 TI - [Clinic cytology in diagnostics of thyroid gland cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 709573 TI - [Serum concentration of ascorbic acid during physical load in dialyzed patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 709574 TI - [Systolic time interval changes in patients with chronic renal failure receiving regular dialysis treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 709575 TI - [Our observations on surgical therapy of associated valvular and ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 709576 TI - [Advanced atrioventricular block in diaphragmatic wall infarction]. PMID- 709577 TI - [Blood pressure in trained and untrained young hypertensives in graduated exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 709578 TI - [The effect of periodical sauna bath on certain signs of the neurovegetative system and physical fitness (author's transl)]. PMID- 709579 TI - [Phagocytizing cells in men doing regular physical exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 709580 TI - [Dermatoglyphic findings in males after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 709581 TI - [Schistosomiasis of the urinary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 709582 TI - [Antibacterial peroperative prophylaxis in urology (author's transl)]. PMID- 709583 TI - [Technique and indication of renal hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 709584 TI - [Renal injuries, their diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 709585 TI - [Early diagnosis and determination of the submucous spread of vesical tumours using holographic interferometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 709586 TI - [Grid electron microscopy in urinary calculi genesis and morphology research (author's transl)]. PMID- 709587 TI - [The uses of Sircam 100/6 camera in urological diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 709588 TI - [Comments on methods of treatment of induration penis plastica (author's transl)]. PMID- 709589 TI - [Chronic cystitis and its complications in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 709590 TI - [Serum-lipid problems in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 709591 TI - [On the problems of spinal column "osteoporosis" (author's transl)]. PMID- 709592 TI - [Changes of concentration in electrographical evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 709593 TI - [Recombination between HLA-B and HLA-D loci of the major histocompatibility system in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 709594 TI - [HLA and disease. The problem concerning the choice of the statistical method (author's transl)]. PMID- 709595 TI - [Changes in orthostatic reaction after three weeks' training in juvenile hypertensives (author's transl)]. PMID- 709596 TI - [Adaptation changes in cardiovascular training in men aged 40--55 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 709597 TI - [5-year incidence of arterial obliteration disease in the lower extremities among men in Northern Bohemia]. PMID- 709599 TI - [How to continue in decreasing perinatal mortality and morbidity of newborn infants]. PMID- 709598 TI - [Erythrocyte-membrane resistance in obese children and adolescents]. PMID- 709600 TI - A review of the importance of human parasitic diseases in Rhodesia. PMID- 709601 TI - Rhinosporidiosis in Rhodesia. PMID- 709602 TI - Myasthenia gravis in the African. PMID- 709604 TI - The anginal syndrome without evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). PMID- 709603 TI - OXFAM project RHO--34. PMID- 709605 TI - Aspects of rural health. VIII: role of the medical officer. PMID- 709606 TI - Purification and partial characterization of protein 35/7.7 a cytosol protein that is abundant in rapidly growing hepatomas. AB - Protein 35/7.7 is an abundant cytosol protein of Morris hepatoma 3924A and Novikoff hepatoma which was not found in normal liver. Protein 35/7.7 was isolated from the cytosol of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It migrated as a single major spot on two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-SDS polyacrylamide gels. The N terminal hexapeptide is Val-Asx-Pro-Thr-Val-Phe and its carboxyl-terminal amino acid is phenylalanine. PMID- 709609 TI - A three-dimensional study of organelle interrelationships in regenerating rat liver. 2. Transient connections with luminal continuity between thin- and thick membraned organelles. AB - Luminal continuities can be established between thin- and thick-membraned structures, and serve the transfer of their contents. The abrupt change in membrane thickness at the site of connection suggests that exchange of membrane constituents is very limited. This enables retrograde separation of the connected organelles. sER (endoplasmic space) makes up such continuities with exoplasmic structures (mature Golgi cisterna, GERL-system, occasionally MVB). Transfer tubules, possessing a thiny membrane but nevertheless belonging to the exoplasmic space, take up endocytized material from large coated vesicles or from coated plasma membrane loops and carry it to MVB. They offer the possibility to recycle the internalized plasma membrane. PMID- 709608 TI - A three-dimensional study of organelle interrelationships in regenerating rat liver. 1. The Gerl-system. AB - Arguments are put together indicating that the GERL-system, or at least its thick membrane and part of its content are derived from the mature Golgi cisterna. Just like every Golgi cisterna does, the GERL shows direct continuities with ER, from which a complement of products may be supplied. Rigid lamellae are interpreted as intermediate forms in the transformation of the mature Golgi cisterna into the GERL-system. In hepatocytes the GERL produces two types of lysosomes: dense bodies, which may either contain lipoprotein granules or not, and small coated vesicles. The probable meaning of lipoprotein digestion (crinophagy) is discussed. PMID- 709607 TI - Preparation of membrane-depleted polygonal coat structures from isolated coated vesicles. AB - When coated vesicles isolated from porcine brain are treated with buffers containing 2 M urea and subjected to ultracentrifugation, pellets are obtained which consist of largely smooth-surfaced, i.e. coat-free, vesicles. On dialysis of the urea from the supernatant solution spheroidal particles can be pelleted which are of similar size to the coated vesicles and show the typical polygonal lattice arrays but do not reveal any vesicle membrane profiles. Gel electrophoresis of these membrane-depleted polygonal arrangements demonstrates the predominance, if not exclusive occurrence, of the polypeptide band component with an apparent molecular weight of about 180,000. This suggests that the polygonal coat structure contains only clathrin. PMID- 709610 TI - [Cooperation between the pharmacy school of the Komensky University in Bratislava and schools in the USSR]. PMID- 709611 TI - [The measurement and regulation of quality of dosage forms. XIV. Dimensional analysis of quality and its use in pharmaceutical technology]. PMID- 709613 TI - [Steroidal sapogenins. II. The determination of diosgenin in Trigonella foenum graecum L. by means of gas chromatography and spectrophotometry]. PMID- 709612 TI - [Division of labor in pharmacies. VI. The effect of rational changes on the division of labor in a hospital pharmacy]. PMID- 709614 TI - [The use of differential titration in the determination of a mixture of levomepromazinium hydrogenmaleate and caffeine in a non-aqueous medium]. PMID- 709615 TI - [Sterilization and sterile preparations in pharmacy. X. Antimicrobial substances in drugs and cosmetic preparations]. PMID- 709616 TI - [Bioactivity and cytotoxicity of xenobiotics]. PMID- 709617 TI - [The study of pharmacy abroad and questions of modernizing the course of study. XII. Pharmacy education in Switzerland]. PMID- 709618 TI - [Diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the large intestine--comparison of value of endoscopic and x-ray examinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 709620 TI - [Influence of hepatotoxic substances and ligation of hepatic artery and bile duct on collagen content in rat liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 709619 TI - [Changes of the neurovegetative reactivity under the influence of large amounts of vitamin C (author's transl)]. PMID- 709621 TI - [On the incidence of perforations of Meckel's diverticulum by a foreign body (author's transl)]. PMID- 709622 TI - [Aging, metabolism and nutrition]. PMID- 709623 TI - [News in the diagnosis and therapy of tumors in the digestive system (proceedings)]. PMID- 709624 TI - [News in the diagnosis and therapy of tumors in the digestive system. Working session of the Ceska spolecnost pro gastroenterologii a vyzivu, March 10, 1978 in Prague]. PMID- 709625 TI - [Problems of vitaminology in Czechoslovakia. Seminar of the Commission for Nutrition at the Ceska spolecnost pro gastroenterologii a vyzivu in cooperation with the Section for Nutrition of the Cs. spolecnost biologicka CSAV in commemoration of the 70th birthday of Professor J. Masek, D.Sc., March 30, 1976 in Prague]. PMID- 709626 TI - [The All-union Vitaminological Conference in Moscow]. PMID- 709627 TI - [Current problems in nutrition and dietetics]. PMID- 709628 TI - [4th World Congress of Digestive Endoscopy, Madrid, June 1--3, 1978]. PMID- 709629 TI - [Our experience with the technique of half-open swinging forceps (author's transl)]. PMID- 709630 TI - [Some comments of teratologist to the activity of prenatal medical centers (author's transl)]. PMID- 709631 TI - [Some genetic aspects of infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 709632 TI - [Deciding analysis in the diagnosis and therapy of female functional sterility]. PMID- 709633 TI - [Encephalographic records in women with functional anovulatory sterility (author's transl)]. PMID- 709634 TI - [Dependence of deposits-composition present on the surface IUD "dana super" upon the duration of insertion (author's transl)]. PMID- 709635 TI - [Our experience with Traumacel in gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 709636 TI - [Significance of vitamin E in the radiotherapy of malignant tumors of the female genitalia]. PMID- 709637 TI - [Various experiences with pregnancy and labor in females with pacemakers]. PMID- 709638 TI - [A case of unusually large breasts]. PMID- 709639 TI - [Post-partum sterilization]. PMID- 709640 TI - [Bilateral tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 709641 TI - [Right-side ovarian and tubal incarceration through strangulation in pregnancy]. PMID- 709642 TI - [New data on the mechanism of action of clomiphene]. PMID- 709643 TI - [Comments on the paper by J.E. Jirasek: "Histology of the corpus uteri endometrium"]. PMID- 709645 TI - [Comments on the classification of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 709644 TI - [The 7th Gynecological Congress of the German Democratic Republic in Dresden, May 9--12, 1978]. PMID- 709646 TI - [Problems in thyroid cancer from the otolaryngological viewpoint]. PMID- 709647 TI - [Sudden unilateral perceptual hearing loss progressing to deafness due to hydrops of the cochlear duct]. PMID- 709648 TI - [Examination of the stapedial reflex and its clinical significance]. PMID- 709649 TI - [Anatomical variations of the accessory nerve]. PMID- 709651 TI - [Reliability of the rotational vestibular tests]. PMID- 709650 TI - [Heterotopic muscles in the fallopian canal]. PMID- 709652 TI - [Measurement of impedance of the nasal mucosa and of the tonsils using the DIACA apparatus]. PMID- 709653 TI - [Removable partial denture called "butterfly" as a foreign body in the esophagus]. PMID- 709654 TI - [Spectrum analysis of esophageal voice]. PMID- 709655 TI - [Attempt at monitoring the central parts of motoric feedback in stutterers using electrically evoked innervation pauses (so-called silent periods)]. PMID- 709656 TI - [Protective work respiration masks and the bacterial flora of upper respiratory pathways]. PMID- 709657 TI - [Confrontation of microlaryngoscopic and histological findings in vocal-cord tumors]. PMID- 709658 TI - [Prevention of iatrogenic stenoses following tracheostomy]. PMID- 709659 TI - [Various comments on the occurrence, diagnosis and therapeutic results in peripheral facial-nerve paralyses]. PMID- 709660 TI - [Diligan in the therapy of vertiginous conditions]. PMID- 709661 TI - [Use of objective audiometry in severe unilateral hearing disorder]. PMID- 709662 TI - [Profuse discharge of perilymph in stapedectomy]. PMID- 709663 TI - [Experience from a study trip to Uppsala and Stockholm]. PMID- 709664 TI - [Immunocytology and immunohistology of malignant lymphomas]. AB - Two methods of immunological tests used in haematology were assessed with fairly positive results. However, the authors have some considerable reservations as regards the practical significance of the two methods insofar as practice independent of research is concerned. Their pessimism is substantiated by the demanding complexities of immunological methods, but also by the relatively rare essential diagnostic significance of these findings and by the vulnerability of result interpretation. PMID- 709665 TI - [Prognosis of hematopoietic-system tumors as based on structural properties]. AB - Comparisons were made in a series of 43 orofacial biopsies and 91 necropsies as regards the survival rate in patients with histological types of malignant lymphoma and other tumours of the haematopoietic system. Results listed in tables are, on the whole, in agreement with literary data. Problems were only encountered in the group of immunoblastomas where the nodular and angiofollicular varieties were repeatedly seen in association with a survival time of as much as 3 years as opposed to 1 year survival time in the diffuse variety. PMID- 709666 TI - [Angiofollicular hyperplasia of lymph nodes (Castleman's hyperplasia)]. AB - Intrathoracic angiofollicular enlarged nodes illustrating two histological types according to Flendrig and Keller were removed in a 36- and an 18-year old man. Clinical symptomatology was absent in one of the patients, and disappeared in the other after resection. The histological pictures featured in particular: protein penetration from the hyperplastic vascular bed, regressive changes in the follicles, and plasmocytic hyperplasia. Vascular as well as interfollicular fibrosis were seen as one of the causes of visualization of normal follicular vascularization, which is normally poorly visible. The whole process, however, revealed increased interfollicular vascularization, the significance of which is the subject of discussion. PMID- 709667 TI - [Myxoma of the external nose]. AB - A male bus-driver aged 45 had a proboscoid mass on the tip of his nose removed after three year's duration of the disease. Microscopically, the tumour appeared to be a myxoma with marked mucus accumulation extending subepidermally and leading to the formation of lacunes lined with fibroblasts. PMID- 709668 TI - [Sclerosing lipogranuloma (with lipid pseudocysts)]. AB - A case of sclerosing lipogranuloma (with oil pseudocysts) in a 38-year old woman is described. The disease started at the age of 16 as extensive foci with local inflammatory manifestations on the legs. Later on, it took the form of relapsing disseminations of tiny fibrous nodules with no inflammatory manifestations. Judging from literary data and his own observations, the author describes sclerotizing lipogranuloma as an independent pathological involvement of the subcutis quite distinct from histologically identical lesions caused by exogenous lipids (paraffinomas). PMID- 709669 TI - [Current possibilities in the determination of respiratory tract obstruction using functional technics of lung examination in children and adolescents]. PMID- 709670 TI - [Results of screening for early developmental stages in juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 709671 TI - [Cardiospirography in physiological and pathological premature infants]. PMID- 709672 TI - [Toxocariasis]. PMID- 709673 TI - [The hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. PMID- 709674 TI - [Iron deficiency in childhood]. PMID- 709675 TI - [Current problems in Rh hemolytic disease of newborn infants]. PMID- 709676 TI - [Survey and validity verification of the orientation test for school maturity in the new educational system]. PMID- 709677 TI - [Long-term monitoring of school achievement in relation to the orientation test for school maturity]. PMID- 709678 TI - [Suicidal behavior of children up to 14 years of age]. PMID- 709679 TI - [Undesired effects of ampicillin in the therapy of infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 709680 TI - [International year of the child]. PMID- 709681 TI - [The 15th International Pediatric Congress in New Delhi, October 23-29, 1977. Part I]. PMID- 709682 TI - [The fall working session of the Czech and Slovak Hepatologic Societies]. PMID- 709683 TI - Arabinosyl nucleosides. XII. Influence of arabino-furanosylthymine on growth of L5178y cells. AB - The antibiotic 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylthymine (araThd) is a potent inhibitor of the growth of mouse lymphoma cells (L5178y). The ED50 concentration was found to be 9.8 muM. The cells die as a consequence of an unbalanced growth. The cytostatic activity of araThd can be abolished by coincubation with dThd and dUrd but not with Urd. At cytostatic concentrations araThd selectively blocks DNA synthesis; RNA- and protein synthesis are unaffected. Intracellularly araThd is rapidly phosphorylated to araTTP. This enzymic phosphorylation does not influence the synthesis of the naturally occuring, related triphosphate dTTP. AraTMP is incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis; 1 mol of ara-TMP is incorporated/19,500 molecules of dTMP. PMID- 709684 TI - Arabinosyl nucleosides. XIII. Influence of arabinofuranosylthymine on DNA-, RNA- and protein-synthesizing systems in vitro. AB - The natural metabolite of the sponge Cryptotethya crypta, arabinofuranosylthymine (araThd), is intracellularly phosphorylated to araTTP. The present study demonstrates that araTTP inhibits both isolated DNA polymerases alpha and the DNA polymerase beta from L5178y cells competitively with respect to the analogous substrate dTTP. The affinity of araTTP is higher to the DNA polymerase alpha than to the DNA polymerase beta. The activity of mammalian DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II and III as well as the incorporation rate of a protein cellfree system is not affected by high doses of araTTP. PMID- 709685 TI - Effects of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals on plasma esterases in BALB/c mice. AB - Esterase profiles of plasma from female BALB/c mice treated with a variety of carcinogenic and weakly- or non-carcinogenic chemicals were analyzed. Mice treated with the potent carcinogens diethylnitrosamine, dinitrosopiperazine, dipropylnitrosamine, dimethylhydrazine, urethane, and dimethyldinitrosopiperazine had similarly altered plasma esterase profiles after 7 days' exposure to the chemicals. The alterations consisted of increased activity in 4 esterase bands. The increased activity persisted in some of the bands after cessation of carcinogen exposure. Exposure to high concentrations of the weakly- or non carcinogenic compounds nitrosohydroxyproline, nitrosomethoxymethylamine, 1 nitroso-4methylpiperazine,nitroso-2,6dimethylpiperidine, and ethyl methanesulfonate caused no obvious plasma esterase alterations. Ingestion of carbon tetrachloride resulted in increased activity in one esterase band with concomitant decrease in a second band. Analysis of serum from test mice for levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase-lactate substrate, and D-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase did not differentiate between mice treated with selected carcinogens and those treated with non-carcinogens and/or carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 709686 TI - Benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide modification of DNA: relation to chromatin structure and reconstitution. AB - Purified duck reticulocyte DNA was incubated in vitro with a 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10 oxide derivative of benzo(a)pyrene (BPDE). The carcinogen-modified DNA was somewhat more susceptible to partial digestion by the single strand specific endonuclease S1 than unmodified DNA, suggesting slight denaturation of the helix at sites of modification. Chromatin was reconstituted in vitro utilizing this carcinogen-modified DNA and unmodified-chromatin associated proteins. This reconstituted chromatin showed the same kinetics and extent of digestion by Staphylococcal nuclease, and similar nucleosome profiles on sucrose density gradient centrifugation, as those obtained with native chromatin or chromatin reconstituted with unmodified DNA. Moreover, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments obtained from nuclease digests gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments obtained from nuclease digests of the reconstituted chromatins suggested that the chromatin containing carcinogen-modified DNA had the same subnucleosome structure as that reconstituted with unmodified DNA. In a separate set of studies intact duck reticulocyte chromatin was reacted directly with BPDE. Nuclease digestion studies indicated that 65% of the carcinogen was bound to the 'open' regions of chromatin, and 35% to 'closed' regions. These results indicate that although convalent binding of a benzo(a)pyrene (BP) derivative to DNA produces local distortions in conformation of the helix, this modification does not appear to interfere with the ability of the DNA to associate with histones to form nucleosome structures. In addition, although DNA in the open regions of chromatin is more susceptible to reaction with the BP derivative, there is appreciable reaction with the DNA associated with histones. PMID- 709687 TI - Heavy metal complexation in polluted molluscs. III. Periwinkles (Littorina littorea), cockles (Cardium edule) and scallops (Chlamys opercularis). AB - The accumulation of cadmium, zinc and copper by environmentally contaminated periwinkles, cockles and scallops has been studied by gel permeation chromatography of water-soluble extracts of the shellfish. Three distinct low mol. wt. (less than 3000) zinc complexes were separated from periwinkle extracts. Copper and cadmium were present as a single low mol. wt. species which is apparently responsible for the elevated copper levels in Littorina littorea. PMID- 709688 TI - The glutathione-linked metabolism of 2-allyl-2-isopropy-lacetamide in rats. Further evidence for the formation of a reactive metabolite. AB - 2-Allyl-2-isopropylacetamide (AIA) causes a depletion of liver glutathione in rats only if the animals have been pretreated with phenobarbitone. Phenobarbitone stimulates the excretion in bile of a component derived from AIA and glutathione which is apparently not the same as the conjugate formed by reaction of the two components in simple solutions. The significance of these findings are considered in relation to the suggestion that AIA is metabolised to an epoxide by the microsomal enzyme system; in addition several differences between AIA and the non porphyrogenic compound, acrylamide, are discussed. PMID- 709689 TI - Deuterium isotope effect on rat liver DNA damage in vivo by dimethylnitrosamine. PMID- 709690 TI - Effects of platinum antitumor agents and pyrimidine dimers on the in vitro replication of T7 DNA. PMID- 709691 TI - Inhibition of the alkylation of nucleic acids and of the metabolism of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine by aminoacetonitrile. AB - Pretreatment of rats with aminoacetonitrile inhibited the metabolism of [14C]1,2 dimethylhydrazine to 14CO2 and increased the expiration of [14C]-azomethane. Alkylation of nucleic acids following administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was reduced by aminoacetonitrile to 5% of control levels in liver, 11% of control levels in kidney and 43% of control levels in colon. PMID- 709692 TI - Binding of commercial diuretics with bovine serum albumin. PMID- 709693 TI - Change of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities after administration of carbon tetrachloride to mice. PMID- 709694 TI - Chemical structure and sweet taste of isocoumarins and related compounds. X. Syntheses of sweet 5-hydroxyflavanones and related dihydrochalcones. PMID- 709695 TI - Synthesis of 5-(substituted alkyl) picolinic acids. The dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitors. II. PMID- 709696 TI - Chemical and toxicological studies on bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. I. Introduction, extraction and fractionation of constituents, and toxicological studies including carcinogenicity tests. PMID- 709697 TI - Chemical and toxicological studies on bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum II. Structures of pterosins, sesquiterpenes having 1-indanone skeleton. PMID- 709698 TI - A remarkable elevation of serum calcium concentration induced by ligation of bile duct. PMID- 709699 TI - A superoxide dismutase-like substance in rabbit plasma. PMID- 709700 TI - Isolation and purification of Lea blood-group active and related glycolipids from human plasma of blood-group A Lea individuals. AB - From 81 of human plasma of blood-group A Lea nonsecretors three different Lea blood-group active ceramide pentasaccharides (a total of 4.65 mg) have been isolated, all revealing glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose in molar ratios of 1 : 2 : 1 : 1 as determined by gas liquid chromatography. A fourth blood-group active fraction (0.72 mg) represents a mixture of a Lea active ceramide pentasaccharide and an A active ceramide hexasaccharide (molar ration 7.7 : 2.3 as calculated from the content of different aminosugars). Additionally, two different globosides, two different hematosides and a new N-acetylglucosamine containing ceramide tetrasaccharide were obtained. All 9 glycolipid fractions demonstrated homogeneity in analytical high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) using 4 different solvent systems. 0.2 microgram of each Lea active glycolipid completely inhibited the agglutination of O Le(a+b-) erythrocytes by 50 microliter of 4 hemagglutinating units of caprine anti Lea serum. At least 0.04 microgram of each Lea antigen are sufficient for incubation to convert 9 x 10(7) O Le(a-b-) erythrocytes into Lea-positive cells. Mainly due to the relatively low content of the blood-group A glycolipid in plasma (0.17 mg/81), previously negative erythrocytes readily become agglutinable by anti Lea sera and not by anti A sera after incubation with appropriate plasma. PMID- 709701 TI - [Pyogenic infections of the sacro iliac joint in children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 13 pyogenic infections of the sacro-iliac joint in children. They emphasize the difficulties of the diagnosis. The disease is sometimes recognised only at a late stage because the sign must be misleading. The radiological appearance of the sacro-iliac joint is usually sufficient to diagnose the condition. The germ was most often a staphylococcus aureus. Healing is always obtained by rest or immobilisation on a plaster and antibiotics active against staphylococcus. Surgery is only indicated in presence of an abcess or in cases of diagnostic uncertainty. PMID- 709702 TI - [Personal experience of Cotrel's method in the surgical treatment of scoliosis and kyphosis (author's transl)]. AB - This current report of our experience of Cotrel's method falls within the context of continuing the developments in our treatment of scoliosis. Our follow-up for Harrington's operation is 13 years, 281 patients having undergone surgery. On other words, having known the beginnings of this surgery, we are in a position to measure the progress represented by Berckoise's technique (7, 6, 8). PMID- 709703 TI - [Future of the remaining rectum after treatment of familial polyposis (author's transl)]. AB - In the treatment of familial polyposis the conservation of the rectum is essential to assure a convenient control and rhythm of defecation. Meanwhile the future of resting polyps deserves the attention of the surgeon. Certain authors are optimistic and claim that spontaneous regression of the polyps is possible. Our experience illustrates that the rectal mucosa tends to fabricate new crops of polyps. The prolonged post operative observation of more than 4 years of polyposis in one family has permitted us to follow the evolution of the rectal mucosa and to deduce that gravity of the lesion is quite variable. The polypotique character of the rectal mucosa must influence the choice of certain surgical technic specially that nine of them achieve entire satisfaction yet. PMID- 709704 TI - [Rectal agenesis with absent bladder in a female newborn (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports a very unusual variety of female ano-rectal agenesis without fistula associated with severe urogenital malformations. The patient died of renal failure and, at autopsy, both ureters draining dysplastic ectopic kidneys and two vaginas, either with its corresponding uterus and annexa were found opening to s single perineal orifice through a very narrow conduit. Bladder and urachus were absent and a single left umbilical artery was found. This infant had also thoracic vertebral anomalies. PMID- 709705 TI - [The resection of lumbosacral hemivertebrae (author's transl)]. AB - The spinal deformities due to lumbo sacral hemivertebrae are difficult to correct: The orthopedic treatment is not effective. Surgical correction of the lumbar compensatory curve is of no use as it does not correct the oblique take off. The resection of the hemivertebra is actually the more efficient way. The surgical technique used in 2 cases is described. The results depend mainly upon the age of operation, which should be performed in the first years of life, in order to correct the oblique take off before the lumbar compensatory curve become a structural one. PMID- 709706 TI - [Correction of subcoronal and high penile hypospadias]. AB - The authors present a surgical procedure for the treatment of subcoronal and high penile hypospadias. According to this technique, the urethra is elongated to the extremity of the glans penis, so the anatomic and functional reestablishment of the malformation is absolutely normal. They applied this technique to twenty two cases. The results were very satisfactory. PMID- 709707 TI - [Segmental replacement of thoracic aorta with autologous pericardium during growth (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta in the newborn often recurs during childhood. As a means of avoiding this complication segmental replacement of the thoracic aorta with autologous pericardium was evaluated. The isthmic aorta of seven mongrel puppies was replaced by a tubular live pericardial autograft. Between 5 and 36 months (average 15) after surgery, the status of the graft was evaluated by hemodynamic, angiographic, macroscopical and histological studies. Growth of the graft was appreciated by comparing its diameter to that of the descending aorta DG/DA. No pressure gradient across the graft was noted. No significant structure of the graft was observed. The internal surface of the graft was smooth, and the wall, slightly thinner than that of the aorta showed no aneurysm. The diameter of the graft was increased (DG mean 37 %) proportionally to the increase of the aorta (DA mean 36 %). Histologically the graft was endothelialized, the wall was thickened and made up of concentric collagen fibers, live fibroblasts and muscular cells. These results show that during the first months of life, the isthmus of the aorta can be replaced by an autologous pericardial graft which will follow the growth of the normal aorta and adapt to its hemodynamic regimen. PMID- 709708 TI - [Stress ulcer by hypovolemic shock in pregnant and normal rabbits and in the fetuses (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this experimental work was to study the possibility of stress ulcer in fetal Surgery. Firstly an experimental model of production of stress ulcer by hypovolemic shock was worked out: by removing a volume of blood equivalent to 2% of body weight out of the femoral artery, a stress ulcer was was regularly induced in 25 female rabbits in the fundic area within 3 hours. In 10 pregnant rabbits and in the fetuses a stress ulcer could not be produced by the same method. This observation suggests the hypothesis that the reactions of the gastric wall are modified by the specific hormonal situation of the pregnant rabbit. This assumption ought to be elucidated by further investigations. PMID- 709709 TI - [Mediastinoscopy in children]. AB - This technique enables the exploration of the mediastinum by the cervical way, but remains an unfrequent examination in children. Among almost 1000 mediastinoscopies made by the authors, the indication concerned only 20 children aged less than 17. Made in a prognostical purpose in most of the cases (16 patients) it gave the diagnosis 14 times. In four cases the mediastinoscopy was carried out as a prognosis during a pre-therapeutics of some hematosarcomas. This method requires a general anaesthesia with intubation, but doesn't differ much from the technic for adults. Besides the supra-sternal way leading to the axial mediastinum (Carlens's technic) other ways are used, particularly the anterior mediastinoscopy--exploring the thymic lodge--and the antero-lateral way through an intercostal space. The mediastinoscope enable the visual control of the lesions, completed with biopsies of the tissues for an histological examination and puncture with a needle for the cytology study. The diagnosis was made in 90% of the cases, sometimes after repeat mediastinoscopy. The failures are due most often to an incertitude in the interpretation of the samples than a badly directed biopsy. There was no surgical incident in our serie. The general morbidity of the examination is 1,5% and the mortality is 0,1% according to the authors. But two anesthetic incidents were observed in children with malignant lymphomas and required the use of reanimation technics. The mediastinoscopy is useful in the tumors of the thymus (10 times), the tumors of the lateral mediastinum (8 times) an hematosarcomas or Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 709710 TI - [Vascular traumatic injuries of the limbs in children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review 66 case reports of trauma involving major vessels of the limbs in children and confirm the seriousness of these lesions. It becomes apparent that iatrogenic lesions are quite frequent especially after arterial punctures and arteriographies in general. They stress the importance of clinical diagnosis in vascular blocks. Arteriography should be exceptionally used for infants. Management should aim at restoring vascular continuity by deobstruction, suture or vein grafting. The ideal solution is often easily obtained when repair is undertaken quickly. Normal blood flow was satisfactorily obtained in only 36 patients whereas poor results in the remaining cases was explained because of delayed action. Sequellae are severe and more frequently encountered when blood flow is not restored. On the other hand, the repercussions on growth and development of the limb after chronic ischemia is still not a proven fact. Finally, the authors underline the severe consequences of thromboses after arteriographies by femoral puncture in infants. PMID- 709711 TI - [Gastroschisis. Analysis of 19 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Since 10 years, 19 cases of gastroschisis have been observed in the surgical paediatric unit of Rouen. 12 children are alive and 7 died. It is possible to classify the lesions of the alimentary tract in four groups of increasing gravity. For the first two groups, survival is probable when the treatment is correct. The third group, including bowel resections and risk of short bowel is more difficult to treat. The last group, with necrosis of the main part of the bowel is uncurable. Surgical treatment of choice is immediate closure with small enlargement of the initial parietat defect. It was possible without complication in 8 cases (9 trials). Delayed closure is now employed when immediate closure is impossible. Post-operative treatment is marked by risks of infectious problems and chronic subocclusion. In this last occurence, reintervention must not be too much delayed. Parenteral feeding, with occasionnal continuous enteral feeding must be sufficient. PMID- 709712 TI - [Osteoid osteoma in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - 15 cases of osteoid osteoma are studied and the various investigations are considered. The authors underline the specific characters of this bony tumour of which early diagnosis is difficult for the X-ray signs often delay. They emphasize a complet pathologic investigation of all the specimens. The prognosis is evaluated and possibility of relapse. So the rules of the surgical treatment of the osteoid osteoma are stated. PMID- 709713 TI - [Osteoarticular tuberculosis in children (author's transl)]. AB - A group of sixteen children suffering from osteoarticular tuberculosis were seen over the past five years in the Belgrade Paediatric Surgery Clinic. This disease is now extremely rare and effects chiefly children born outside maternity departments and not receiving BCG vaccination at birth for different reasons. The osteoarticular tuberculosis rate in the Socialist Republic of Serbia over this period was thus one in 500,000 children. The disease is three times as common in male children, most often affecting the hip and presenting above all at about the age of nine. At the time of admission, eight children had tuberculosis lesions affecting the lungs, visible and active or latent, partially or completely. In five children, one of the parents was receiving treatment for active pulmonary tuberculosis at the time of onset of the disease. Conservative treatment (immobilisation, tuberculous bacteriostatic therapy and general measures) was used in fifteen children and only one underwent surgery, in addition to the standard treatment described. In only one child, there was ankylosis of the hip and the end of treatment, the others having less sequelae of returning completely to normal. In one girl, osteoarticular tuberculosis was complicated by exsudative tuberculosis pericarditis. PMID- 709714 TI - [The lungs in congenital diaphragmatic hernias (author's transl)]. AB - In congenital diaphragmatic hernias, the presence of abdominal viscera in the thoracic cavity will arrest the development of the ipsilateral lung, and occasionally of the controlateral lung also. The lung may thus be either compressed or hypoplastic in varying degrees. Its state of development conditions the prognosis of this disease. In severe forms, known as "High Risk" forms, presenting in the 3 first days of life with respiratory distress, the lung is very often hypoplastic, the number of bronchial, bronichiolar and vascular generations is diminished. The airways pulmonary function in medium and long term has been studied in 10 children over a period of 3 to 15 years. The clinical radiological, scannery and fonctional lung study results present not unfrequently signs of overdistention, of obstructive disease, and pulmonary bronchectasis on the side of the hernia. The evolution could be explained by the normal post natal multiplication of airways as well as by an increase of their size in such a manner as to occupy the whole thoracic cavity. PMID- 709715 TI - [Towards reasoned early surgical treatment for hiatal hernia in the infant (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of HH and MCT in newborn of 1 1/2 and 5 months old who quickly develop a peptic stenosis despite a good medical treatment. Reviewing 51 cases of early surgical treatment (29 cases operated on before 2 months of age), they estimate legitimal an early surgical treatment for HH and MCT in newborn. They insist on the necessity to begin with a rigourous medical treatment, which cannot exceed one month if an oesophagitis persist (documented by a good and acurate endoscopic examination). This examination is the guide line for the surgical indication and is more acurate than the clinical and radiological informations. They point out the absence of mortality and the improvement of the results if the patients are operated on before 2 months old. In the literature ones can observe that the incidence of recurrence and peptic stenosis is decreased when the patients are operated on early. PMID- 709716 TI - [Orthopedic problems in fibrous dysplasia in infant's bones. A report on 23 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 23 cases of fibrons in infants who had been treated surgically, and review the therapeutic problem which arise from this particular type of bone fragility. When located in the diaphysis they had been treated by screw fixation, isolated grafts being constantly unsuccessful. Various procedures had been used in 9 cases with localization in the proximal end of the femur, and they are reviewed critically. PMID- 709717 TI - [Segmentary growth of the lower limb after surgical lengthening in the children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review their results after continuous and increasing distraction of either the tibia or femur and attempt to formulate grow the patterns of the lower extremity. To do this, they plotted 23 growth curves of 27 segmentary lengthenings. All measurements were taken on telemetric x-rays and developmental status determined according to the Greulich and Pyle Atlas. Length gain of the elongated segment and limb were analysed in each case. Findings clearly show that growth of the lower extremity depends on the amount of lengthening obtained by distraction. It appears that growth may be normal or accelerated after moderate lengthening (less than 5 cm), reduced or momentarily halted after significant gain. Growth appears to be more favorable when weight bearing is begun early. On the contrary, neither distraction rate, age nor aetology of length discrepancy seem to modify the final outcome. The other segments are equally influenced by distraction. The authors were surprised to find that growth rate here is either exaggerated or reduced in such a way as to result in an over-all lengthening or shortening with regards to the opposite side. They feel that such unexpected variations should promote caution before predicting final status. PMID- 709718 TI - [Fibrosis of the rectus femoris muscle (author's transl)]. AB - The author presents seven cases of isolated fibrosis of the rectus femoris muscle. The retraction of the rectus femoris muscle is characterized clinically by limping and the blocking of the knee flexion in the movement of the hip articulation in fixed in extension. The hip flexion immediately permits the knee flexion. The tenomiotomy of the proximal insertions of the muscle led in all cases to the disparition of the limping and to complete freedom of movement of the knee flexion. PMID- 709719 TI - [Congenital tracheobiliary fistula. Report of a case with choledocal hypoplasia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a new observation of a congenital aerobiliar fistula in a newborn infant showing choleptysies associated with a pulmonary obstruction. The most remarkable facts are the presence of a radiological pneumogallbladder, and the existence of a real trifurcation of the trachea on the bronchography, associated with a choledocal hypoplasia. The death having occured before the operation, the autopsy allowed the confirmation of the termination on the left hepatical duct and the duality of conformation of the fistula, respiratory and biliary. On the occurence of this 9th case, a review of the literature shows the stereotyped nature of the clinical signs and the course of the fistula which seems invariable. The different aspects of the malformation are considered as well as the treatment which necessitates an exeresis by thoracic pathway. PMID- 709720 TI - [Aortic reposition of the anormal subclavian artery (case report of 3 infants) (author's transl)]. AB - The most common anomaly of the aortic arches is retro-oesophageal position of the right subclavian artery. Most often this malposition does not exhibit any clinical manifestation. In some rare cases, eso-tracheal compression is therefore observed. In these cases, a reposition of the subclavian artery in the ascending aorta was performed according to the technique presented. This surgical procedure, suppresses all symptoms without decreasing the vascularisation of the upper extremity as well as of the vertebral and basilarian territories. Long-term follow-up studies were carried out using ultra-sonic flow-metry. PMID- 709721 TI - [High osteotomy of the ulna in the treatment of residual anterior dislocation following Monteggia fracture (author's transl)]. PMID- 709722 TI - [The anomalies of limbs obtained by injections of cyclophosphamid to the pregnant rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - By injections of cyclophosphamid to pregnant rabbits, we obtained different sorts of agenesis. These anomalies are the consequence of a lack of the quantity of mesenchyme necessary to the formation of the limbs. The final malformation depends on the date, the dose and the period of action of the cyclophosphamid. PMID- 709723 TI - [Reliability of signs of hyperlipidaemia in screening for at-risk subjects. Reference value determination (author's transl)]. PMID- 709724 TI - [Disorders of glycide metabolism and insulin secretion--in relation to ischaemic heart disease risk factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 709725 TI - [The albumin binding capacity to bilirubin (ABC/Bil) (author's transl)]. PMID- 709726 TI - [The effect of low-calcium diet on intestinal absorption of calcium in chickens (author's transl)]. PMID- 709727 TI - [Clinical and therapeutical experience of trichinosis treated with thiabendazole and mebendazole (author's transl)]. PMID- 709728 TI - [Dual classification of diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 709729 TI - [Determination of heritability of the character; model: retention of canines (author's transl)]. PMID- 709730 TI - [Peroral test involving 4-(N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl) aminobenzoic acid in children with mucoviscidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 709731 TI - Obstructive jaundice and hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 709732 TI - Pericardial tamponade-induced myocardial ischemic injury. AB - Cats of either sex anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, IV) were subjected to sham pericardial tamponade or pericardial tamponade for five hours. Five cats underwent sham pericardial tamponade and six cats were subjected to pericardial tamponade which reduced the mean arterial blood pressure to approximately 40 mm Hg. Pericardial tamponade produced a 44-51% and a 28-38% decrease in the myocardial activities of cathepsin D and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), respectively. Observation of cellular and subcellular structure of left ventricular tissue of two sham operated cats and two cats after tamponade revealed myocardial injury in cats subjected to tamponade. Tissue stained with hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid stain showed extensive crimson-red basic fuchsin staining in cats subjected to pericardial tamponade and the absence of staining in cardiac tissue of sham-operated cats. Electron micrographs of cardiac tissue of cats subjected to acute pericardial tamponade revealed extensive vacuolization and extreme contracture. These results indicate ischemic injury with loss of cellular and subcellular enzymes in hearts of cats after five hours of pericardial tamponade sufficient to reduce the mean arterial blood pressure to about 40 mm Hg. PMID- 709733 TI - Preserved liver function and leukocyte response in superlethal endotoxic shock. AB - Recent studies reveal that endotoxin-pretreated awake dogs become markedly leukocytotic and survive superlethal endotoxin challenge without hypoglycemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if an association exists between leukocytosis, liver function, and survival in endotoxin shock. Studies were conducted on awake, conditioned adult dogs, with the experimental group (N= 5) injected intravenously with 1/1,000 LD100 E. coli endotoxin on Days 1 and 2, LD100 on Day 3, and 2 x LD100 on Day 4. A control group (N = 6) received equal volumes of saline on Days 1, 2, and 3, but on Day 4 received 2 x LD100 endotoxin. All saline-pretreated dogs died within seven hours following superlethal endotoxin challenge. Each animal in the experimental group was sacrificed at the time of its paired saline control's death for a comparison of liver pathology, since in parallel studies all endotoxin-pretreated dogs (N = 11) survived for 30 days. Animals in the experimental group exhibited a marked leukocytosis of 39,000/cu mm (mature neutrophils, 28,000/cu mm, immature neutrophils, 8,300/cu mm (P is less than 0.001) on Day 4 compared with saline-pretreated controls. At the time of death the liver enzymes, arginase, and SGPT were significantly elevated in the saline-pretreated controls compared with endotoxin-pretreated dogs (P is less than 0.02). Liver pathology in endotoxin-pretreated dogs consisted of mild necrosis, while saline-pretreated animals demonstrated massive hepatocellular necrosis. Results support the view that increased numbers of neutrophils protect liver function and enhance survival in endotoxin shock. PMID- 709734 TI - Adrenal insufficiency secondary to massive corticomedullary junction hemorrhage following hypotension in three anticoagulated patients. AB - Three patients treated by anticoagulation therapy were found at autopsy to have sustained massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhages. In each instance, an episode of hypotension preceded the onset of the terminal course. In two patients death was regarded in retrospect to have probably been attributable to acute Addisonian crisis. Hypotension commonly produces necrosis of the adrenal corticomedullary junction, which normally heals by fibrosis, but in the anticoagulated patient, this necrosis may be complicated by hemorrhage. PMID- 709735 TI - Effects of indomethacin on cardiovascular hemodynamics of goats in hemorrhagic shock. AB - We examined effects of indomethacin, meclofenamate, and prostaglandin E1 on systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance of anesthetized juvenile goats in severe hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock was characterized by low systemic arterial pressure, decreased vascular resistance, and reduction in cardiac output. In acute experiments, indomethacin (3.4 mg/kg) attenuated the systemic hypotension of hemorrhagic shock. The increase in systemic arterial pressure following treatment with indomethacin was the result of increased systemic vascular resistance. Systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output fell during intravenous prostaglandin E1 infusions (3 micrograms/kg/min for 5 min) in both controls and goats in shock. The effects of prostaglandin E1 were more pronounced and prolonged in goats that had undergone the hemorrhagic-shock-producing procedure followed by indomethacin than in control animals treated with indomethacin but not hemorrhaged. Not only was meclofenamate less effective than indomethacin in increasing the systemic arterial pressures of goats in this type of hemorrhagic shock, but also it attenuated the pressor effects of indomethacin. Substances synthesized via prostaglandin fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase may be involved in the systemic hypotension that is characteristic of hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 709736 TI - The effects of heparin pretreatment on plasma histamine following thermal injury in rats and cats. AB - An elevated plasma histamine level in response to thermal injury is demonstrated in the rat and cat. In cats, the initial elevation of plasma histamine occurred within the first 15 minutes following thermal injury, and this was followed by a second rise between 60 and 120 minutes. Heparin pretreatment markedly reduced the plasma histamine elevating effect of thermal injury in both rats and cats. This suggests that the therapeutic basis for the use of heparin in the treatment of burn shock might conceivable be attributed to its ability to interfere with the elevated histamine levels normally associated with thermal injury. PMID- 709737 TI - Sinus node response to premature atrial stimulation in the rabbit studied with multiple microelectrode impalements. AB - In this study we investigated the response of the isolated rabbit sinus node to ectopic atrial premature beats elicited late in the atrial cycle. In three experiments the response of at least 45 different fibers of the sinus node was recorded, whereas, in other experiments, investigation was less extensive. In this way the spread of activation of the total pacemaker area could be mapped accurately both during spontaneous beating and the induction of ectopic atrial beats of different degrees of prematurity. We found that: (1) The conduction of an impulse from the dominant pacemaker area to the atrium during spontaneous rhythm (antegrade conduction) is slower than the conduction of an ectopic atrial impulse towards the center of the sinus node (retrograde conduction). (2) The action potential of the dominant pacemaker fibers in the sinus node is shortened because of premature activation caused by an ectopic impulse from the atrium. Late premature beats had no effect on diastolic depolarization. If the retrograde activation wave did not reach the area of the dominant pacemaker before the spontaneous discharge of these fibers, there was electrotonic influence demonstrable over a distance of about 0.5 mm. (3) Comparison of the true sinoatrial conduction time with the estimated sinoatrial conduction calculated indirectly from the length of the postextrasystolic atrial cycle revealed that, in the isolated rabbit heart, the calculated value is a serious underestimation of the true antegrade sinoatrial conduction time. PMID- 709738 TI - Calcium, strontium, and barium movements during ischemia and reperfusion in rabbit ventricle. Implications for myocardial preservation. PMID- 709739 TI - Relationship of aortic wall and baroreceptor properties during development in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We studied the relationship between aortic baroreceptor function and aortic wall properties in normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats 10-20 weeks old. Baroreceptor discharge, static pressure-volume (P-V), and pressure radius relationships were measured in excised aortic segments. Histological studies of wall thickness and receptor numbers also were made. Circumferential wall stress and strain were calculated, as was the incremental elastic modulus (EINC). EINC in NTR's at 100 mm Hg was similar to values reported for in vivo human, dog, and rat aortas. At 10 weeks, SHR's had significantly elevated blood pressure, but SHR and NTR aortas had similar relationships among pressures, volumes, strains, and EINC's. Differences arose subsequently and, at 20 weeks, NTR aortas had larger volumes, larger strains, and smaller EINC's at equivalent pressures, whereas SHR aortas were unchanged. Thus the reduced distensibility of SHR relative to NTR aortas, rather than being due to retrogressive changes from normal, appeared to result from a failure to pass through a phase of increased distensibility. At 10 weeks, SHR baroreceptors showed resetting in both pressure response and strain-response curves, and it was concluded that early hypertensive baroreceptor resetting was due to primary changes in the receptors. At 20 weeks, the order of the strain-response curves for NTR and SHR baroreceptors was reversed due to a reduction in strain sensitivity of NTR baroreceptors. Resetting of NTR baroreceptors during development may have important implications as a mechanism of blood pressure control in development. PMID- 709740 TI - The distribution of blood rheological parameters in the microvasculature of cat mesentery. AB - In vivo studies of the rheological behavior of blood in the microcirculation were conducted by direct in situ measurements in cat mesentery. Upstream to downstream pressure drops were measured in unbranched arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with diameters from 7 to 58 micrometer. Simultaneous measurements of red cell velocity and vessel geometry facilitated computation of bulk velocity, pressure gradient, apparent viscosity, wall shear stress, and resistance. Arteriovenous distributions of these parameters revealed the following. Maximum pressure gradient (0.015 cm H20/micrometer) occurs in the true capillaries (7 micrometer in diameter); intravascular wall shear stress averaged 47.1 dynes/cm2 in arterioles and 29.0 dynes/cm2 in venules. Extreme values as great as 200 dynes/cm2 were observed in a few shunting arterioles. Apparent viscosity averaged 3.59 cP in arterioles, 5.15 cP in venules, and 4.22 cP overall. Intravascular resistance per unit length of microvessel varied with luminal diameter as a power law function with exponents of -4.04 for arterioles, -3.94 for venules, and -3.99 for all vessels combined. This apparent maintenance of Poiseuille's law is attributed to the opposing processes of hematocrit reduction and decreasing shear rate as blood is dispersed in successive arteriolar segments, and the converse action of these processes in the venous confluences which lessen the extent of network variations in apparent viscosity. Reductions in bulk velocity from the normal flow state to below 0.5 mm/sec resulted in increases in apparent viscosity by a factor of 2 to 10, which are attributed primarily to obstruction of the lumen by leukocyte-endothelium adhesion. PMID- 709741 TI - Effect of changing metabolic rate on local blood flow control in the canine hindlimb. AB - This study examined the effect of changing hindlimb metabolic rate on hindlimb blood flow control in anesthetized dogs. The hyperemias induced by graded levels of arterial hypoxia and the degree of steady state autoregulation evoked by changes in blood pressure were measured. Metabolic rate was increased above the resting value by direct electrical stimulation of hindlimb muscles at rates from 0.5 to 1.5 pulses/second, and in three dogs was reduced by cooling. In response to 6 minutes of arterial hypoxia, hindlimb blood flow steadily increased. At rest, and at each level of muscle stimulation, the steepness of the response increased as arterial oxygen saturation (SAO2) decreased. At all levels of SAO2, the response was steeper at increasing stimulation rates. For SAO2 greater than 50%, the relationship between the percentage increase in blood flow from control and SAO2, however, was unaffected by the degree of muscle activity, suggesting that during mild to moderate hypoxia the dynamics of the response were similar whether the muscles were at rest or exercising. The responses to severe hypoxia (SAO2 less than 50%) during stimulation were significantly enhanced compared with those at rest. Autoregulation of blood flow was measured in the steady state by comparing the relative change in blood flow from control with the relative change in blood pressure that produced it. Steady state autoregulation was weak at rest, but improved markedly with increasing muscle stimulation. Conversely, cooling the hindlimb depressed the resting steady state autoregulation. A close correlation was found between the degree of autoregulation and the hindlimb metabolic rate. The results suggest that tissue metabolic rate determines the precision of local blood flow control. PMID- 709742 TI - Effects of acetylcholine on the ventricular specialized conducting system of neonatal and adult dogs. AB - We determined the effects of acetylcholine on automaticity of isolated cardiac Purkinje fibers from neonatal and adult dogs and on the idioventricular rhythm of adult dogs with complete atrioventricular block. Isolated Purkinje fibers were studied with standard microelectrode techniques during superfusion with Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C. For both age groups, spontaneous rate was decreased by acetylcholine, an effect which was reduced by atropine. The magnitude of the effect is equal in both neonatal and adult dogs. The negative chronotropic effect of acetylcholine was not prevented by phentolamine, indicating that an alpha adrenergic mechanism was not involved. The idioventricular rate of conscious dogs with formalin-induced heart block was decreased by administration of acetylcholine. The effect was augmented by propranolol and attenuated by atropine. Thus, for both the in vitro and in situ ventricular specialized conducting system, acetylcholine decreases automaticity presumably through combination with a muscarinic receptor. PMID- 709743 TI - Metabolic responses to cardiac hypoxia. Increased production of succinate by rabbit papillary muscles. PMID- 709744 TI - Responses to "evidence that neural mechanisms do not have important effects on cerebral blood flow". PMID- 709745 TI - The circulatory influences of vagal afferents at rest and during coronary occlusion in conscious dogs. AB - We studied the role of cardiopulmonary vagal afferents in the cardiovascular responses to coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs with intact carotid sinuses and following functional denervation of the arterial baroreceptors. The contributions of vagal afferents were determined by cold blocking the vagi. In dogs with intact carotid sinuses, coronary artery occlusion produced small decreases in mean cardiac output and arterial pressure, whereas heart rate increased by 35 beats/min. In dogs with intact carotid sinuses, vagal cold block increased mean arterial pressure by 22 +/- 2 (mean +/- SE) mm Hg and heart rate by 90 +/- 6 beats/min. Mean cardiac output increased by 505 +/- 90 ml/min. With the exception of heart rate, responses to coronary occlusion during vagal cold block were similar to the occlusion response prior to vagal cold block. Furthermore, prior occlusion of the coronary artery did not significantly influence the responses to vagal cold block. After arterial baroreceptor denervation, coronary artery occlusion resulted in a substantially greater fall in systemic arterial pressure (-52 mm Hg as compared to -8 mm Hg, with intact carotid sinuses) and peripheral resistance decreased by -0.49 peripheral resistance units (PRU). Vagal cold block following denervation increased the arterial pressure by 49 +/- 10 mm Hg and peripheral resistance by 0.59 +/- 0.13 PRU. Both values were significantly greater than those observed during vagal cold block prior to denervation. In arterial baroreceptor-denervated dogs, vagal blockade significantly attenuated the response to coronary occlusion. Therefore, in conscious dogs, vagal afferents from cardiopulmonary receptors exert a significant inhibitory influence on the peripheral vascular tone. When the carotid sinuses are intact, this inhibitory influence appears to be marked during myocardial ischemia. In the absence of functional arterial baroreflexes, vagal afferent activity contributes to the depressor responses observed during ischemia. PMID- 709746 TI - Inotropic and toxic effects of a polar cardiac glycoside derivative in the dog. AB - It has been suggested that central nervous system (CNS) neuroexcitation plays an important role in digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmias. To elucidate further the role of the CNS in digitalis-induced arrhythmias, the inotropic and toxic effects of a highly polar semisynthetic cardiac glycoside, 3beta-O-(4 amino-4,6 dideoxy beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-digitoxigenin (ASI-222) were compared to those of digoxin and correlated with plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of each drug. Thirteen dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital were given repeated intravenous doses of digoxin or ASI-222. Ventricular tachycardia was elicited at a mean dose of digoxin of 0.12 mg/kg, compared with 0.09 mg/kg for ASI-222 (not significant). Terminal ventricular fibrillation occurred after 0.18 mg/kg of digoxin, a value significantly larger than the ASI-222 dose (0.14 mg/kg, P less than 0.05) required to produce lethal arrhythmias. Digoxin produced a 21% increase in LV dP/dt at a plasma digoxin concentration of 20.0 +/- 2 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) 30 minutes after 0.05 mg/kg; the CSF digoxin concentration at this time averaged 0.7 +/- 0.1 ng/ml. At death, the plasma digoxin concentration was 88 +/- 16 ng/ml and CSF digoxin concentration was 5.7 +/- 1.6 ng/ml. ASI-222 produced a similar 25% increase in LV dP/dt 30 minutes after administration of 0.05 mg/kg, with a plasma concentration of 18 +/- 2 ng/ml as determined by a newly developed radioimmunoassay. The plasma ASI-222 concentration at death, 95 +/- 18 ng/ml, was similar to that of digoxin. However, CSF samples at 30 minutes and at death showed no detectable levels of ASI-222. Thus, despite similar inotropic and toxic responses and similar plasma drug concentrations compared to digoxin, ASI-222 was demonstrated to have limited if any access to the CNS as judged by CSF concentrations. These findings suggest that direct CNS stimulation does not play a primary part in the genesis of digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmias in this experimental model, or that CNS effects are mediated by an area or areas lacking an effective blood-brain barrier. PMID- 709747 TI - Direct evidence that the greater contractility of resistance vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats is associated with a narrowed lumen, a thickened media, and an increased number of smooth muscle cell layers. AB - The mechanical and morphological properties of segments of certain precisely defined resistance vessels (approximately 150 micrometer lumen diameter) in the mesenteric bed of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats have been compared in vitro under carefully controlled conditions and also after fixation. At a given transmural pressure, the relaxed SHR vessels (compared with the WKY vessels) would have had a 16% smaller lumen diameter (P less than 0.01) and a 49% thicker media (P less than 0.005), so that the media volume per unit segment length was 31% greater (P less than 0.05). The smooth muscle cells were arranged circumferentially in about four layers in the SHR vessels and in about three layers in the WKY vessels. The SHR active wall tension in response to potassium was 53% greater (P less than 0.02) and to norepinephrine was 50% greater (P less than 0.01) than for WKY. However, the ED50 values for the norepinephrine dose-response curves were similar (approximately 5 micrometer). Activation with potassium plus norepinephrine gave greater responses in both vessel types, than with either agent alone, but the SHR responses were on average only 19% greater than the WKY (P less than 0.10). However, under these conditions, the SHR vessels would have been able to contract against 45% greater transmural pressures (P less than 0.001) because of their smaller lumen. On maximal activation, the mean force developed by each cell (approximately 3.85 micro N) was the same in both vessel types, even though on average (P = 0.10) the SHR cells had a 21% greater cross-sectional area. The results support the Folkow hypothesis that in genetic hypertension the increased peripheral resistance is associated with structural changes in the resistance vessels. PMID- 709748 TI - Isometric relaxation of rat myocardium at end-systolic fiber length. AB - In a "physiologically sequenced" contraction (PSC), which loads the isolated muscle preparation in a manner which approximates that of the intact heart, isometric relaxation precedes isotonic relaxation and occurs at minimum ("end systolic") length. We studied the effects of inital muscle length, load, temperature, calcium, and isoproterenol on the isometric relaxation phase of physiologically sequenced contractions to define the determinants of the rate of isometric relaxation of rat left ventricular myocardium. At the baseline temperature (28 degrees C), relaxation was found to be nonexponential, and the maximum rate of decline of force (-dF/dtmax) was used to evaluate changes in relaxation. Three factors, shortening, end-systolic length, and total load, were examined as possible mechanical determinants of -dF/dtmax. We found that dF/dtmax is linearly related to end-systolic muscle length for lengths below 94% of Lmax; -dF/dtmax is also strongly related to total load for lightly loaded contractions, but peaks at loads of approximately 80% of peak developed force and declines thereafter. Shortening is poorly correlated with -dF/dtmax. The slope of the linear portion of the relation between -dF/dtmax and end-systolic length appears to be independent of muscle-loading conditions and sensitive to factors known to alter relaxation. PMID- 709749 TI - The relation between arterial viscoelasticity and wave propagation in the canine femoral artery in vivo. AB - The influence of arterial dimensions and viscoelasticity on pulse wave propagation has been expressed in many theoretical models of blood flow in arteries, but few experimental tests of these theories in vivo have been reported. The measurements required for such tests include not only the arterial viscoelasticity, diameter, and wall thickness, but also the true propagation coefficients and impedances, for comparison with the values "predicted" by solution of the model equations. We made such measurements in 16 experiments on the femoral artery in nine anesthetized dogs. A two-point pressure and flow technique was used to measure wave propagation, and an ultrasonic micrometer was used to measure vessel diameter as a function of time and pressure. Measured attenuation constants ranged from 0.010 at 1.3 Hz to 0.075 at 12.7 Hz, and were more than twice as large as those predicted by two representative linear models. True phase velocity, which increased from 6.71 m/sec at 1.3 Hz to 10.54 m/sec at 12.7 Hz, agreed closely with the values computed by the Cox model but were lower than those given by the Jager model. The resistive, but not the reactive, component of longitudinal impedance was significantly greater than predicted by the models at all frequencies. The experiments do not identify the source of these discrepancies. The use of linear models to calculate pulsatile blood flow from pressure gradients in relatively small vessels, or to calculate attenuation and characteristic impedance from arterial viscoelasticity in vessels of any size, produces significant errors. PMID- 709750 TI - A solid angle analysis of the epicardial ischemic TQ-ST deflection in the pig. A theoretical and experimental study. AB - The solid angle theory has long been applied to the interpretation of the ECG; however, quantitative evaluation of its applicability has been minimal. We applied solid angle analysis to the interpretation of the TQ-ST deflection during acute ischemia. Five anesthetized pigs were studied 1--3 hours after coronary occlusion. Multiple unipolar tracings were recorded from precisely determined positions on the epicardium overlying the ischemic and normal zones. The geometry of the hearts and ischemic zones was preserved, the margins of ischemia being defined as the outer border of Thioflavin S nonfluorescence. Wax replicas of the hearts with ischemic zones removed were constructed. Solid angles subtended at electrode positions on the replicas were calculated. A linear relationship (r = 0.84 - 0.97, P less than 0.001) was shown to exist between the observed TQ-ST deflection and the calculated solid angle. A small but patterned deviation from exact fit of the TQ-ST deflection with the calculated solid angle led us to investigate the possibility that dipole moment strength (phi) is not confined to the ischemic margins. Computations using idealized heart models with ischemic zones cylindrical and transmural in shape allowed us to distribute phi arbitrarily within the ischemic zone, comparing this predicted pattern of TQ-ST deflection with that observed experimentally. The experimental data appear most consistent with the condition in which phi is distributed over a 1-cm border region during the first several hours of ischemia. We conclude that the solid angle theory provides a rational basis for interpretation of the ischemic TQ-ST deflection; however, phi may be distributed over a marginal zone. PMID- 709752 TI - The relation of localized myocardial warming to changes in cardiac surface electrograms in dogs. AB - We studied the relationship of the size and severity of alteration of recovery properties in localized areas to changes in cardiac surface electrograms in experiments on six open-chest dogs. Alterations in recovery properties were induced thermally because size and severity of the affected area could be controlled on the basis of physical principles which were modeled. We recorded unipolar electrograms from 75 cardiac surface sites simultaneously during stimulation of atria and pulmonary conus in control periods and in the presence of warmed areas of varying sizes and intensities. Size of the areas was controlled by the diameter of an aperture through which a light source was directed. Intensity was controlled by the light source excitation voltage. Myocardial temperature was monitored with a thermistor. The QRS, STT, and QRST deflection areas were determined by computer processing and displayed as isoarea maps. Difference maps also were determined by subtracting control QRST isoarea maps from those obtained in the presence of warmed areas. QRST area difference maps were related closely to the size and severity of the thermally induced changes in recovery properties. With areas of the same size and increasing myocardial temperatures, the magnitude of the change in QRST area increased, and the gradient of contour lines between the affected and unaffected areas increased. When myocardial temperature at the center of the warmed area was kept constant and the size of the warmed area was increased, the affected cardiac surface area increased, but the number of isoarea contours remained approximately the same. These findings suggest that the change in QRST isoarea maps may be a useful indicator of lesion size when combined with an index of lesion severity such as the QRST area change in the electrogram with the maximum change. QRST areas during both activation orders were similar, suggesting that the QRST area is independent of changes in activation sequence. PMID- 709751 TI - Modulation by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors of the action of exogenous angiotensin II on glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. AB - We studied the effects of angiotensin II (A II) infusion, with and without inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, on the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration in 27 plasma volume-expanded Munich-Wistar rats. The effects of PG inhibition alone and infusion of vehicle alone also were investigated. With a pressor dose of A II single nephron (SN) GFR and total GFR did not change significantly, despite declines in both glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) and the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf), due to an offsetting rise in the transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (deltaP). Afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances (RA and RE) increased by approximately 100% above control during A II infusion. Inhibition of PG synthesis alone and infusion of vehicle alone similarly failed to affect SNGFR and total GFR, and only slight changes occurred in the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration in these rats. When A II infusion was accompanied by inhibition of PG synthesis, however, profound declines in SNGFR and total GFR were seen, due to further reductions in QA and 2 fold greater increases in RA and RE than occurred with the same dose of A II alone. The A II-induced fall in Kf was not affected by simultaneous PG inhibition. Thus, endogenous PGs attenuate the vasoconstrictor actions of A II on the superficial renal microvasculature and minimize changes in QA, SNGFR, and total GFR. It is likely that an interaction between A II and PG may be important in pathophysiological conditions in which endogenous A II levels are elevated. PMID- 709753 TI - Staircase in frog ventricular muscle. Its dependence on membrane excitation and extracellular ionic composition. AB - Staircase was studied in frog ventricle strip preparations where it was possible to alter extracellular ionic composition extremely rapidly in the diastolic interval between beats. Several findings strongly indicate that staircase in this tissue is a result of progressively increasing calcium influx per beat, rather than a beat-by-beat augmentation of an intracellular calcium pool which contributes to activation. After a steady state of force development, the very next beat could be graded, from approximately zero force to the steady state value attained during the staircase progression, by grading the calcium concentration of a new Ringer's solution switched to perfuse the muscle in the diastolic period immediately before that beat. Also, action potentials, elicited during the "quiescent" period in the virtual absence of contraction (in 0.025 mm calcium Ringer's solution), markedly increase force development and accelerate the staircase seen upon return to normal Ringer's solution. Staircase is augmented and accelerated by prior exposure of the muscle, during the quiescent period, to calcium-poor media and markedly suppressed by prior exposure to sodium poor media. Tetrodotoxin, in a dose that markedly slows the action potential upstroke, has no effect on staircase. Finally, staircase is seen to occur during a train of depolarizations (by voltage clamp) to inside positive levels greater than the equilibrium potential for sodium. It is concluded that changes in intracellular sodium concentration will alter the staircase response and may contribute to its genesis, but that this cannot be the sole cause of staircase. PMID- 709755 TI - Unilateral stellectomy and dysrhythmias. PMID- 709754 TI - Age-related changes in Purkinje fiber action potentials of adult dogs. AB - To determine the effects of age on electrophysiological properties of Purkinje fibers (PF), we used standard microelectrode techniques to study PF from normal beagles of five age groups: 19.1 +/- 0.8, 63.7 +/- 2.6, 88.3 +/- 1.9, 107.2 +/- 1.6, and 132.3 +/- 4.3 months (mean +/- SE). Maximum diastolic potential (MDP) did not change over this age range. Action potential (AP) amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 (Vmax) attained peak values at 63.7 months and then declined. As age increased there was an increase in phase 1 repolarization, a prolongation in the time to the peak of the plateau, and a decrease in plateau height. AP duration reached a maximum at 63.7 months and thereafter remained unchanged. Fibers were superfused with the slow channel blocker, AHR-2666, and the fast channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX). AHR-2666 had age-related effects on AP duration, phase 1 repolarization, plateau height, and time to the peak of the plateau. There were no age-related changes in TTX effects on phases 0--2. In another series of experiments, Purkinje fibers from dogs 23 +/- 1.2 to 106 +/- 1.4 months old were superfused with a calcium-rich solution in which Na+ was replaced by tetraethylammonium (TEA+). The resultant slow response action potentials, which are calcium dependent, showed an age-related decrease in AP amplitude, Vmax, and time to peak amplitude. When these fibers were superfused with the slow channel blocker, verapamil, there was an age-related effect on AP amplitude. Our studies indicate that in the normal aging heart, major changes occur in repolarization that appear, in the main, to result from change in the slow inward current carried by Ca2+. PMID- 709756 TI - Ventricular tachycardia--practical and provocative electrophysiology. PMID- 709757 TI - Fixed coupling: different mechanisms revealed by exercise-induced changes in cycle length. AB - Fixed coupled ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) are usually considered reentrant; recent experimental models have demonstrated that parasystolic rhythms may also appear in fixed coupled patterns. To analyze the mechanisms of fixed coupled VPDs, 60 exercise tests were chosen to evaluate the response of VPD coupling intervals to changes in cycle length of the dominant supraventricular rhythm. Selection criteria included the presence of frequent, unifocal VPDs that were fixed coupled (variation less than or equal to 80 msec) at any one cycle length, with the persistence of VPDs at several different cycle lengths. Three patterns of response of coupling intervals to changes in cycle length were noted: 1) 32 patients with a direct linear relation (r greater than or equal to 0.9) of coupling intervals to cycle length; 2) 16 patients with coupling intervals fixed, independent of cycle length; and 3) 12 patients with no consistent relation over a wide range of cycle lengths. Two patients in group 2 and four in group 3 fulfilled criteria for parasystole with interectopic intervals that remained constant at different cycle lengths. These results suggest that VPDs in group 1 are reentrant, while some patients with group 2 or 3 responses have evidence for parasystolic rhythms. We conclude that 1) fixed coupling of VPDs is not diagnostic of reentry, and 2) changes in cycle length induced with exercise may be useful in the analysis of mechanisms of VPDs. PMID- 709758 TI - Abolition and modification of reentry within the His-Purkinje system by procainamide in man. AB - The effects of intravenous procainamide infusion of 10--14 mg/kg body weight (i.e., 750 mg) of procainamide (PA) on reentry within the His-Purkinje system (HPS) were studied in 13 patients using His bundle electrograms and ventricular extrastimulus method. PA abolished reentry in eight patients (group 1) and decreased the width of reentry zone in the remaining five (group 2). At comparable S1S2 intervals, the S2H2 intervals after PA were longer than control in all patients. In group 1 patients, after PA, reentry did not occur even at S2H2 intervals that were significantly longer than control critical S2H2 intervals. In two of eight patients in group 1, PA abolished reentry by converting unidirectional block into bidirectional block in the antegrade limb (right bundle) of the reentry circuit. In the remaining six patients reentry was abolished because of consistent retrograde block of S2 impulse at some point between the site of stimulation and the His bundle recording site. In group 2, reentry was initiated after PA at approximately the same S1S2 intervals as in control, but required significantly longer S2H2 intervals; in these patients the zone of reentry was shortened due to increase in effective refractory period of the ventricular muscle. PA significantly increased the functional refractory period of HPS and the effective refractory period of ventricular muscle. The results of this study differ from the previously reported effects of lower concentrations of PA which facilitated reentry within the same circuit. We conclude that the effects of PA on reentry are dose-related and can both facilitate and suppress reentry, depending on critical changes in conduction and refractoriness of the HPS. PMID- 709759 TI - Disparate electrophysiological alterations accompanying dysrhythmia due to coronary occlusion and reperfusion in the cat. AB - The electrophysiologic changes associated with dysrhythmias induced by coronary occlusion and by subsequent reperfusion were characterized with six complimentary approaches in chloralose-anesthetized cats (n = 57) with proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Occlusion led to reproducible ventricular dysrhythmia which abated in 35 minutes. The electrophysiologic effects of reperfusion initiated at this time could be studied. Simultaneous bipolar electrograms (epi-, myo- and endocardial) from ischemic and normal zones were analyzed by computer. Before the onset of the dysrhythmia induced by occlusion, conduction was markedly slowed, with dV/dt decreasing to 34% +/- 6% of control and conduction time (endo- to epicardial activation) prolonged to 328 +/- 77% of control. However, these values returned toward normal with reperfusion, even though it also consistently induced dysrhythmia. The idioventricular escape rate (determined by intense vagal stimulation) was 62 +/- 6 beats/min during the dysrhythmia induced by occlusion (equal to control), but increased during the reperfusion dysrhythmia to 188 +/- 12 beats/min. The occlusion dysrhythmia was exacerbated, but the reperfusion dysrhythmia was suppressed by rapid atrial pacing. The refractory period progressively shortened after occlusion and remained decreased during early reperfusion. Thus, increased conduction time through myocardial and epicardial regions, asynchronous depolarization and shortening of the refractory period accompanied dysrhythmia induced by occlusion. In contrast, the dysrhythmia induced by reperfusion was characterized by normal conduction time, through myocardial regions with continued significant epicardial delay, overdrive suppression, synchronous depolarization and a high idioventricular rate. PMID- 709760 TI - Multicentric origin of the atrial depolarization wave: the pacemaker complex. Relation to dynamics of atrial conduction, P-wave changes and heart rate control. AB - In studies to ascertain the basis of dynamic changes in the P wave, bipolar epicardial potentials were recorded from multiple atrial electrodes in dogs. One hundred to 120 activation times were displayed by a digital computer and used to construct atrial isotemporal activation sequence maps. Changes in heart rate or beat-to-beat cycle length were induced by vagal stimulation or infusion of autonomic mediating drugs. Changes in cycle length were associated with dynamic changes in the atrial activation sequence and surface P-wave. A conspicuous finding was that epicardial atrial depolarization began at three widely separated locations. These three points were consistently present in all animals and were generally located at the 12, 3, and 6 o'clock positions of the superior vena cava right atrial junction. The dynamic changes in P waves and atrial activation sequence which accompanied the changes in cycle length were due to sudden shifts in the point of earliest activity between the three early sites. Asymmetric atrial depolarization with more rapid conduction along the crista terminalis, superior interatrial band, and pectinate muscles was present in all dogs. Although the anisotropic atrial geometry played an important role in the asymmetric conduction, the widely distributed onset of activity contributed significantly to the uneven spread. The multiple points of origin of the atrial wavefront might be explained by either a trifocal, distributed pacemaker or the epicardial exits of three specialized pathways conducting an impulse emanating from a single focus. These data explain the dynamic variation in P-wave morphology in normal hearts and also imply a relationship between the altered origin of atrial depolarization, atypical P waves, brady- or tachyarrhythmias, and heart rate control. PMID- 709761 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of intracardiac pacing catheters: M-mode and two dimensional studies. AB - Thirty patients with right ventricular (RV) and 15 with coronary sinus (CS) pacing catheters were studied by M-mode echocardiography. RV catheters, detected in 23, appeared as linear echoes in the right ventricle during mitral valve recordings in 12, adjacent or superimposed on the tricuspid valve (TV) in 14, and immediately anterior to aortic root and pulmonary valve echoes in two with a redundant loop in RV outflow. In three with complete heart block, prominent systolic anterior movements of the TV occurred when atrial systole coincided with ventricular systole, probably due to catheter-induced TV "buckling" or exaggerated TV annular motion. Catheter echoes mimicked TV recordings in three, since its motion pattern was similar, although delayed and mimicked prolapsing right atrial myxomas in two because of multilayered complexes behind TV, while reverberations cluttering the left ventricle simulated structural echoes present in that cavity. CS catheters, detected in 14 as linear echoes in the area of atrial septum recorded behind the TV, showed typical small humps in late diastole/early systole. Cross-sectional echocardiography with a mechanical sector scanner demonstrated RV catheters at the RV apex in five of seven patients, while CS catheters were detected near the base of the atrial septum in three of five patients. Echocardiography has the potential to localize pacing catheters which are occasionally difficult radiologically or electrocardiographically. Failure to recognize catheter echo patterns may result in errors in echocardiographic interpretation. PMID- 709762 TI - Physiologic correlates of echocardiographic pulmonary valve motion in diastole. AB - It has been shown that the echographic motion of the posterior aortic wall in diastole is closely related to the underlying left atrial events, possibly due to the anatomical proximity of the two structures. We observed that the pulmonary artery shares a similar close anatomical relationship with the left atrium. The present study in 55 consecutive patients with adequate echocardiographic recordings of the aortic root and the pulmonary valve demonstrates that the diastolic waveforms of the pulmonary valve and the posterior aortic wall are nearly identical in early diastole. The pulmonary valve e-f slope correlated with the posterior aortic wall O-R slope (r = 0.95) and the S2-f interval (second heart sound to f on the pulmonary valve) correlated closely with the S2-R interval (second heart sound to R on the posterior aortic root) (r = 0.94)). No significant correlation was found between the pulmonary valve e-f slope and the pulmonary artery pressures. The presence and amplitude of the maximum "a dip," on the other hand, correlated with the presence of pulmonary hypertension, with some notable exceptions. In addition, the "a dip" on the pulmonary valve and the depth of the A wave on the posterior aortic wall were significantly correlated (r = 0.85). It appears that the "a dip" on the pulmonary valve is influenced by dual mechanisms: pressure differences between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle in late diastole and the left atrial events. Thus, the early diastolic waveform of the pulmonary valve, like the posterior aortic wall waveform, may primarily reflect underlying left atrial events and is not a measure of pulmonary artery pressure. The late diastolic waveform "a dip" has a dual mechanism, related in part to the underlying left atrial events, and also reflecting the instantaneous pressure differences across the pulmonary valve following atrial systole. PMID- 709763 TI - Recommendations regarding quantitation in M-mode echocardiography: results of a survey of echocardiographic measurements. AB - Four hundred M-mode echocardiographic surveys were distributed to determine interobserver variability in M-mode echocardiographic measurements. This was done with a view toward examining the need and determining the criteria for standardization of measurement. Each survey consisted of five M-mode echocardiograms with a calibration marker, measured by the survey participants anonymously. The echoes were judged of adequate quality for measurement of structures. Seventy-six of the 400 (19%) were returned, allowing comparison of interobserver variability as well as examination of the measurement criteria which were used. Mean measurements and percent uncertainty were derived for each structure for each criterion of measurement. For example, for the aorta, 33% of examiners measured the aorta as an outer/inner or leading edge dimension, and 20% measured it as an outer/outer dimension. The percent uncertainty for the measurement (1.97 SD divided by the mean) showed a mean of 13.8% for the 25 packets of five echoes measured using the former criteria and 24.2% using the latter criteria. For ventricular chamber and cavity measurements, almost one-half of the examiners used the peak of the QRS and one-half of the examiners used the onset of the QRS for determining end-diastole. Estimates of the percent of measurement uncertainty for the septum, posterior wall and left ventricular cavity dimension in this study were 10--25%. They were much higher (40--70%) for the right ventricular cavity and right ventricular anterior wall. The survey shows significant interobserver and interlaboratory variation in measurement when examining the same echoes and indicates a need for ongoing education, quality control and standardization of measurement criteria. Recommendations for new criteria for measurement of M-mode echocardiograms are offered. PMID- 709764 TI - The echocardiographic profile of patients after Mustard's operation. AB - In order to establish an echocardiographic profile of patients with simple transposition after Mustard's operation, we examined the M-mode records of 10 patients who were found to be free of significant abnormalities at follow-up cardiac catheterization. When compared with established normals, right ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions were increased, while left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions fell below the mean. The wall thicknesses, cavity dimensions and ratios of right ventricular preejection period/ejection time and left ventricular preejection period/ejection time were appropriate for the physiologic role of the ventricles rather than their morphologic identity. In each patient, a portion of the intra-atrial baffle was identified behind the pulmonary root. There was variation in baffle position and baffle mobility within the group, as well as in individual echograms. A variety of valve motion abnormalities were noted; these included diastolic flutter of the atrioventricular valves in all 10 patients and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in six patients. Paradoxical septal motion was found in nine patients. Although only minimal or no left ventricular outflow gradients were found at catheterization, nine patients had narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract, 10 had systolic flutter of the pulmonary valve and eight had early partial closure of the pulmonary valve. The finding of a large number of echocardiographic abnormalities in a group of patients with good hemodynamic results suggests that these echocardiographic features are to be expected after Mustard's opration. Furthermore, the reversal of the physiologic role of the ventricles must be considered when interpreting the echocardiographic dimensions and systolic time intervals. PMID- 709765 TI - Magnification pulmonary wedge angiography in the evaluation of children with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 709766 TI - Lung biopsy in congenital heart disease: a morphometric approach to pulmonary vascular disease. AB - Fifty patients with congenital heart disease, ages 2 days-30 years (median 12 months) at cardiac surgery, underwent lung biopsy to assess pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). Twenty-six had ventricular septal defects (VSD), 17 d transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA), and seven, defects of the atrioventricular canal (AVC). Quantitative morphologic data was correlated with hemodynamic data. Three new grades of PVD were observed. Abnormal extension of muscle into peripheral arteries (grade A) was found in all patients; all had increased pulmonary blood flow. In addition, 38 of 50 patients had an increase in percentage arterial wall thickness (grade B); this correlated with elevation in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (r = 0.59). Another 10 of 50 patients had, in addition to A and B, a reduction in the number of small arteries (grade C); nine of 10 were patients with elevated PA resistance greater than 3.5 mu/m2 (P less than 0.005). All three patients with Heath-Edwards changes of grade III or worse also had grade C. Reduction in peripheral arterial number probably precedes obliterative PVD and may identify those patients in whom, despite corrective surgery, PVD will progress. PMID- 709767 TI - Systolic time intervals in children: normal standards for clinical use. AB - Systolic time intervals were measured in 253 normal children, with careful attention to precise recording and measuring techniques, to derive regression equations which could be used as reliable standards for clinical assessment of left ventricular performance in this age group. Using stepwise regression analysis, a highly significant correlation was found for electromechanical systole (QS2) and for left ventricular ejection time (LVET) with heart rate alone in both males and females, and age was not found to be a relevant variable. Similarly, for the preejection period (PEP) in males, heart rate was the only relevant variable. PEP in females showed a small but significant influence of age in addition to heart rate; in practice, this small influence can be neglected. Regression equations relating each of the systolic time intervals to heart rate alone were therefore derived for clinical use. The PEP/LVET ratio was found to be only weakly correlated with heart rate in males and with age in females, and in practice can be considered to be independent of these variables. The mean value of the PEP/LVET ratio and its standard deviation (0.30 +/- 0.04) can therefore be used for all children. We found that satisfactory recording of systolic time intervals can be obtained with little difficulty in almost all children using the techniques described. The method is therefore practical for clinical use in children, as it is in adults, and the normal standards derived in this study can serve as a reliable basis for its application. PMID- 709768 TI - Detection of serum cardiac myosin light chains in acute experimental myocardial infarction: radioimmunoassay of cardiac myosin light chains. AB - To develop a more specific plasma test for myocardial infarction, antibodies specific for cardiac myosin light chains (CM-LC) were elicited that showed less than 3% cross-reactivity with skeletal muscle light chains. These antibodies were used to develop a radioimmunoassay for CM-LC that had a sensitivity of 20 ng (+/- 4 SD; P less than 0.001). Normal dog plasma showed no measurable concentrations of CM-LC (n = 6). Plasma samples from 10 dogs with experimental myocardial infarction produced by persistent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion were obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. CM-LC were first detectable in all 10 animals 6 hours after occlusion (97.98 +/- 14 ng/ml [mean +/ SEM]; P less than 0.001). Maximal CM-LC levels were usually obtained between 24 and 48 hours. Sham-operated open chest dogs (0--48 hours, n = 3) showed no measurable CM-LC in the plasma samples. Another group of 10 dogs were subjected to 5 hours of LAD occlusion, followed by reperfusion. In four dogs, CM-LC were detectable as early as 1 hour after reperfusion (81.88 +/- 37.75 ng/ml serum). Sera from all 10 dogs showed elevated levels of CM-LC (199.75 +/- 24.0 ng/ml) by 24 hours. Peak CM-LC concentrations were obtained in five dogs at 24 hours (247.0 +/- 35.28 ng/ml) and in another dog at 120 hours (245 ng/ml). Histochemical infarct size was determined to be 0.5--10% of the left ventricular mass at seven days by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The specificity and sensitivity of this radioimmunoassay for detection of CM-LC, unique proteins to the heart, may be valuable in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 709769 TI - Early imaging of experimental myocardial infarction by intracoronary administraion of 131I-labelled anticardiac myosin (Fab')2 fragments. AB - We examined the feasibility of early imaging of myocardial infarcts by intracoronary injection of 131I-labelled cardiac myosin-specific antibody (Fab')2. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 5 hours by a balloon catheter introduced through the carotid artery in 12 dogs. The catheter was withdrawn and 1 mCi 201Tl was injected intravenously and 500 muCi of 131I antibody were injected into the main left coronary artery. Six of these animals demonstrated evidence of myocardial infarction by ECG and subsequent triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, while the others did not. In each of the infarcted animals, in vivo scintograms one-half hour after injection of isotope showed uptake of 131I in the anteroapical region of the heart corresponding to the region of absent 201Tl uptake. This relationship was confirmed in the excised hearts and in heart slices. In slices, 131I uptake corresponded to regions that did not stain with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In the six animals that did not show evidence for infarction after coronary occlusion, uptake of 131I was not demonstrated, either in vivo or in excised specimens. In four additional dogs subjected to the same procedure, 125I-labelled (Fab')2 from nonimmune IgG was injected simultaneously into the left main coronary artery with 131I-labelled canine myosin-specific antibody (Fab')2. The ratio of uptake between infarct center and normal tissue was 34.3 +/- 1.5 (mean+/-SEM) for the specific antibody fragment as contrasted to 6.6+/-0.4 for the nonimmune IgG fragment, indicating that intracoronary injection does not favor nonspecific sequestration of protein in regions of infarction. Thus, the intracoronary administration of myosin specific antibody fragments leads to early and specific one-half hour imaging of myocardial infarcts. PMID- 709770 TI - Myocardial infarction size from serial CPK: variability of CPK serum entry ratio with size and model of infarction. AB - To study the variability of the fraction of CPK released from the infarcted heart which enters the serum (serum entry ratio, or SER) with size and model of infarction, nine dogs underwent homogeneous infarctions (LAD ligation) of varying sizes, and 10 dogs underwent scattered infarctions (left coronary embolization). In homogeneous infarcts there was an inverse linear relationship of SER to infarct size (IS) (SER = -0.8514% LV + 0.345, r = 0.98). No such relationship was found for scattered infarcts. CPK Kd (exponential disappearance constant for CPK) was not significantly different in homogeneous (-0.00178 min-1) vs scattered infarcts (-0.00195 min-1). Although similar IS was produced in each (homogeneous 19.9% LV, scattered 18.4% LV) cumulative CPK serum entry (CPKr) was much lower in homogeneous (4175 mlU/ml) vs scattered infarcts (7,296 mlU/ml). SER was also much lower in homogeneous (17.7%) vs scattered infarcts (29.0%) (P less than 0.025). Cumulative CPK plateau occurred significantly later in homogeneous (15.8 hours) vs scattered infarcts (11.7 hours) (P less than 0.01). Further corrections to the serial CPK equations for IS determination are indicated. The method may not be applicable in some infarct situations, e.g., scattered infarction. PMID- 709771 TI - Relationship of regional myocardial perfusion to segmental wall motion: a physiologic basis for understanding the presence and reversibility of asynergy. AB - Experimental work has shown that even small reductions in myocardial perfusion impair contractile performance. We, therefore, studied the relationship between regional perfusion, assessed by thallium-201 scintigraphy and segmental wall motion, quantitated on biplane contrast ventriculograms, in patients with coronary artery disease. We evaluated 270 segments in 54 patients, including 27 without evidence of myocardial infarction. Most normally perfused regions (125 of 140) contracted normally, whereas those with scintigraphic defects at rest were usually asynergic (42 of 46). Surprisingly, 57% (48 of 84) of regions with exercise-induced perfusion defects were also asynergic, including 48% (25 of 52) of those in patients without myocardial infarction. In 22 patients who had intervention ventriculograms, improvement of perfusion abnormalities at rest correlated closely with reversibility of asynergy. Although there was an association between the location and severity of coronary artery stenosis and segmental wall motion, myocardial perfusion during exercise was a significantly better predictor of asynergy. These findings suggest that resting asynergy may occur even in patients without previous infarction, predominantly in regions with jeopardized perfusion. Asynergy in regions with exercise-induced perfusion abnormalities may, therefore, be an indicator of resting ischemia and may be reversible by coronary artery revascularization. PMID- 709772 TI - Emergency revascularization for unstable angina. AB - Emergency revascularization for unstable angina (defined according to criteria of the National Cooperative Study Group) was performed in 100 consecutive patients. The mean interval from onset of pain to operation was one day. Nineteen patients had single-vessel narrowing of greater than 70% of lumen diameter, 32 double vessel obstruction and 49 triple-vessel disease. Fourteen of these patients had left main trunk obstruction. Four patients died within 30 days, three from complications of myocardial infarction. Seventeen of 96 (18%) early survivors sustained perioperative infarction. After a mean follow-up of 42 months, four late deaths and three late infarctions occurred. Postoperative angiography in 47 patients (mean interval 14 months) showed 86% graft patency. Of 92 survivors, 72 are symptom-free. Three of the four operative deaths occurred within 24 hours postoperatively; in each of these, postmortem examination confirmed a recent myocardial infarction which antedated the operation, despite the absence of new infarction in the peroperative electrocardiogram or elevation of cardiac enzymes. Results from this emergency series suggest that, although myocardium may be salvaged in some instances, in other cases infarction has already occurred and treatment might better be directed toward alleviation of acute ischemia to provide a stable period in which diagnostic studies are performed and acute myocardial infarction may be ruled out. PMID- 709773 TI - Ventriculographic features predictive of surgical outcome for left ventricular aneurysm. AB - Although clinical and hemodynamic stability predicted outcome very well when left ventricular aneurysm was electively resected in 25 patients (95% survival), more discriminate criteria were essential for 20 patients undergoing urgent operation for severe myocardial decompensation (50% survival). Three methods of ventriculographic analysis primarily sensitive to the function of the non aneurysmal left ventricle were evaluated. These methods separated patients undergoing urgent operation into a population with high operative risk (less than 18% survival) and a population with low operative risk (greater than 82% survival). These criteria also separated 15 patients undergoing operation within three months of myocardial infarction into a group with excellent prognosis (greater than 85% survival) and a group with poor prognosis (less than 15% survival). The high operative risk in patients undergoing urgent operation or operation within three months of myocardial infarction, when non-aneurysmal ventricular function is poor, may be too high; it should be undertaken only under unusual circumstances. PMID- 709774 TI - Effect of preoperative ejection fraction on survival and hemodynamic improvement following aortic valve replacement. PMID- 709775 TI - A conductive catheter to improve patient safety during cardiac catheterization. AB - A 60 Hz current, as small as 20 microamperemeter (rms) is capable of causing ventricular fibrillation when directly applied to the heart. Significant cost and engineering effort has been spent to construct monitoring equipment which satisfies the safety regulations requiring maximum leakage currents below this value. Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization are particularly at risk from electrical hazards, primarily because catheters are made from nonconductive materials. A conductive catheter should allow externally applied currents to leak through its walls before reaching the catheter tip. A new electrically conductive catheter was compared with a standard nonconductive catheter. Five dogs were studied, with 81 attempts to cause fibrillation. Sixty-hertz voltage between the catheter and an external electrode was increased until fibrillation occurred or 130 V was reached. Eight states were studied in randomized sequence: conductive or nonconductive catheter, guidewire or saline-filled and tip touching wall, or free in left ventricle (verified by fluoroscopy and cineangiography). The saline filled and conductive catheter was safer in that fibrillation never occurred, while fibrillation nearly always occurred with the nonconductive catheter. A conductive guidewire negates the protection of the conductive catheter. The application of conductive catheters could reduce instrumentation costs in laboratories and intensive care units and improve patient safety. PMID- 709776 TI - Relationship between plasma concentration and dose of digoxin in patients with and without renal impairment. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a linear relationship between oral doses of digoxin and various measurements of steady-state digoxin plasma concentration and urinary excretion in patients with wide range of renal function. Ten patients (mean age 58 years) with creatinine clearances greater than 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA (mean creatinine clearance 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA) and nine patients mean age 61 years) with creatinine clearances less than 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA (mean creatinine clearance 20 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA) were given digoxin tablets orally at two or three different dose levels (dose range 0.0313- 0.5 mg/day). After a dosing period equal to at least five half-lives, three to four consecutive daily digoxin plasma concentrations were determined. Plasma concentrations and urinary digoxin excretion were measured during one 24-hour dosing interval at each dose level. Digoxin plasma and urine concentrations were determined in triplicate using radioimmunoassay. Individual patient plots provided evidence of linearity for: digoxin 24-hour steady-state plasma concentration vs dose; digoxin 24-hour cumulative urinary excretion versus dose; and area under the digoxin plasma concentration-time curve during a 24-hour dosing interval vs dose. Absolute values for these various parameters indicated substantial interpatient variation probably due to patient differences in both digoxin absorption and digoxin total body clearance. These results indicate that there is a linear relationship between digoxin plasma concentration and dose in patients with normal and decreased renal function. This linearity is support for dose-independent pharmacokinetics of digoxin in man. We conclude from these data that a change in digoxin dose should result in a proportional change in digoxin plasma concentration over the dose range examined. PMID- 709777 TI - Cardiac sarcoid: a clinicopathologic study of 84 unselected patients with systemic sarcoidosis. AB - Although sarcoid may involve the myocardium, there is little information on its incidence or significance. We studied 84 consecutive autopsied patients with sarcoidosis. The patients ranged in age from 18--80 years (average 46 years) and 61% were women; 23 (27%) of them had myocardial granulomas. In eight (35%) these were clinically silent, and in 15 (65%) there was a history of heart failure and/or arrhythmias and conduction defects. Of the 23 patients, only four (17%) had grossly evident, widespread myocardial lesions: three of these four (75%) had documented arrhythmias. All four had sudden, unexpected death at an average age of 36 years; in only two had sarcoid been suspected during life. The other 19 patients (83%) had microscopically evident granulomatous involvement. Of these, eight (42%) had a thythm or conduction disturbance and three (16%) sudden death, although none of those who suffered sudden death had a recognized rhythm or conduction disturbance. Nine (15%) of those without cardiac sarcoidosis had a rhythm or conduction disturbance and eight (13%) suffered a sudden death. The results show that although myocardial involvement occurs in at least 25% of patients with sarcoid, it most often involves a small portion of myocardium and is clinically silent. Since some of the 61 patients in whom myocardial lesions were not identified may still have had small microscopic granulomas, the true incidence of myocardial sarcoid may be even greater than suggested here. Rhythm and conduction disturbances are more common in the cardiac sarcoid group, but the findings suggest that only the small subset of patients with severe, grossly evident myocardial sarcoid are at increased risk for sudden death. PMID- 709778 TI - Radiation exposure during cardiac catheterization. PMID- 709779 TI - Radiation exposure during cardiac catheterization. PMID- 709780 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of the aortic valve. PMID- 709781 TI - Electrode-catheter arrhythmia induction in the selection and assessment of antiarrhythmic drug therapy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia. AB - We performed intracardiac electrophysiologic studies in 33 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Nineteen patients underwent one, 10 patients two, and four patients three serial electrophysiologic studies. Ventricular tachycardia was successfully induced in 83% of the patients, and pacing methods were successful in terminating tachycardia in 71% of the studies, although pacing induced acceleration of ventricular tachycardia occurred at least once in 36% of the studies. Seventeen of the 33 patients (52%) required a total of 24 external direct current cardioversions during study. In 21 patients a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs were given I.V. and attempts at ventricular tachycardia induction were repeated to assess prophylactic effects of the drugs. An acutely effective drug or combination of drugs was found in 15 of the patients (71%). Fourteen of the 15 were placed on chronic oral therapy with the effective agent and were followed for an average period of 8.1 months (range one to 33 months). In all 14 patients we could document complete (13 patients) or partial (one patient) long-term prophylaxis against ventricular tachycardia. We conclude that drug efficacy trials in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia using intracardiac pacing techniques is a rapid and accurate method of selecting effective long-term antiarrhythmic therapy. PMID- 709782 TI - Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia 3. Role of the electrophysiologic study in selection of antiarrhythmic regimens. AB - Twenty patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) underwent serial electrophysiological studies (EPS) 1) to determine the predictive value of the EPS in the selection of antiarrhythmic therapy, and 2) to establish the therapeutic efficacy of available antiarrhythmic agents. In each patient VT could be reproducibly initiated by programmed stimulation. After control EPS, the effects of several drugs (lidocaine, procainamide, quinidine, disopyramide and diphenylhydantoin) on the ability to initiate VT were assessed. An oral regimen was chosen on the basis of acute EPS and its effectiveness was evaluated by repeat EPS in 24--72 hours. Blood levels achieved acutely were used as guidelines to chronic therapy. In 14 patients the initiation of VT was prevented by the acute administration of one or more agents. In 13 of these patients, a chronic oral regimen based on these results prevented recurrence of VT with a three- to 27-month follow-up. In the remaining patient, oral therapy could not achieve blood levels of procainamide shown to be effective intravenously, and VT recurred. In six patients no single drug or drug combination was effective during acute EPS, and VT recurred in all while on therapy with the agent shown to make initiation of VT most difficult. Procainamide prevented VT in nine patients; quinidine in three patients; lidocaine in three patients; diphenylhydantoin in two patients; and disopyramide in one patient. The mean duration of EPS studies was 4.5 days. This study suggests that serial EPS provides rapid identification of successful antiarrhythmic therapy and can predict in which patients conventional therapy would be ineffective, thereby identifying patients requiring more aggressive modes of therapy. PMID- 709783 TI - Induction of ventricular tachycardia: a promising new technique or clinical electrophysiology gone awry? PMID- 709784 TI - Cellular immunity to a lung homogenate in asymptomatic cigarette smokers. AB - Leucocyte migration in the presence and absence of a soluble lung homogenate has been studied in a group of asymptomatic cigarette smokers. Results were expressed as migration indices. Controls consisted of age-matched subjects who had never smoked and had no past history of any pulmonary disease. The migration indices, the number of pack-years smoked and the results of pulmonary function studies were tested for correlation. The mean leucocyte migration index of the test group of sixteen smokers was significantly less than was that of the control group (P less than 0.001). Inhibition of leucocyte migration in the presence of the lung homogenate was not observed in any of the control subjects. Six of the sixteen asymptomatic cigarette smokers, however, were identified by inhibition of leucocyte migration in the presence of the lung homogenate. The number of pack years which had been smoked did not correlate with the migration indices (r = 0.06); however, inhibition of leucocyte migration was not observed in subjects who had smoked less than 6 pack-years. PMID- 709785 TI - Effect of reagins and allergen extracts on radioallergosorbent assays for mite allergen. AB - The reproducibility of the radioallergosorbent (RAST) inhibition and direct binding assys with mite allergen were investigated in the presence of heterogeneous extracts and non-mite-sensitive atopic sera. Both contain components similar to potential contaminants which would occur in the assay of mite allergen and dust allergen and dust allergen extracts. The standardized inhibition and direct binding assays employed had a day to day (n = 4) coefficient of variation [(s.d. x 100)/mean] of 15% and 24% respectively. The inhibition assay for mite allergen was reproducible in the presence of protein concentrations of added plant, fungal, arthropod and animal extracts in excess of the protein concentrations that occur under the operational mite assay conditions. The mite inhibition assay was also reproducible in the presence of non-mite allergen extracts, with and without additional sera containing IgE specific for the non-mite allergens. The binding of a additional sera containing IgE specific for the non-mite allergens. The binding of a constant quantity of mite allergen to the activated solid phase in the direct binding assay was reproducible in the presence of added bovine serum albumin, and of a fungal or arthropod extract, representing the heterogeneous components of an allergen extract at the concentrations of total protein known to occur in the direct binding assay of mite extracts. PMID- 709786 TI - Allergy to penicillin unsuccessfully treated with a haptenic inhibitor (benzyl penicilloyl-N2-formil-lysine; BPO-flys). A case report. AB - In a patient with a past history of allergy to penicillin and requiring treatment, skin tests with penicillin and penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL) were positive, and a penicilloyl RAST was strongly positive, although the Prausnitz Kustner test to penicillin and PPL were negative. The haptin BPO-Flys was administered together with penicillin to try to prevent reactions. An anaphylactic reaction occurred on the fifth day, and treatment was stopped. Serum total IgE values increased markedly after the reaction and PK titres to penicillin and PPL reached values of 1/256. The skin test reaction to PPL was negative the day after the clinical reaction, but became strongly positive again a few days later. The penicilloyl RAST remained strongly positive throughout. The authors consider that there was hypersensitivity to a penicillin metabolite other than the penicilloyl group, e.g. to minor determinants, and for this reason the hapten inhibitor failed. PMID- 709787 TI - The seasonal symptoms of hyposensitized and untreated hay fever patients in relation to birch pollen counts: correlations with nasal sensitivity, prick tests and RAST. AB - A 2 year prospective study of thirty-eight birch pollen-sensitive hay fever patients under specific immunotherapy and of nineteen untreated control patients showed a significant correlation between the total seasonal symptom scores of the patients and their clinical sensitivities assessed by the RAST and a graded nasal test. The agreement between a positive nasal test and a positive RAST was 74%. In the early season with low pollen counts the onset of symptoms was significantly associated with high sensitivity of the patients, while many patients showed symptoms in the late season irrespective of their nasal and RAST sensitivity. About 90% of both the treated and the untreated patients reported mild symptoms when the pollen count exceeded 80/m(3) in the early season. 80% of them still had symptoms when the count was below 30/m(3) in the late pollen season. Although hyposensitization therapy had no effect on the occurrence of the mild symptoms, the treated patinets had severe symptoms significantly less often than the untreated ones on days with high pollen counts. PMID- 709788 TI - Relationship between nasal and conjunctival tests in patients with allergic rhinitis. AB - Simultaneous conjunctival and nasal provcation tests, a total of 174 test pairs, were carried out in fifty patients with allergic rhinitis, using serially diluted antigen solutions of birch, Timothy grass and mugwort pollen, as well as cat and dog dander. The nasal mucosa was found to be more sensitive than the conjunctival mucosa in ninety-six test pairs (55%). This differs from earlier reports. Nasal reaction only was observed in twenty-nine instances (17%). Posterior rhinomanometry was also used to evaluate test reactions, but was found to yield little additional information. In 43% of nasal provocation tests, which according to other criteria were positive, the rhinomanometric results were negative. Despite a fairly good correlation between the results obtained by nasal and conjunctival challenge, the results point to organ specificity in type I reactions. Provocation tests, if indicated in a thorough allergy evaluation, should be performed in the shock organ. The provocation methods and interpretation of reactions of this study differ from those of earlier reports. Comparison of results is difficult and standardization of methods is needed. PMID- 709789 TI - In vivo tests with pollen extracts previously investigated by means of direct RAST titration allergen assay. AB - The allergenic potency of different birch, Timothy and mugwort pollen extracts was determined by means of a direct RAST titration allergen assay. For birch and Timothy allergens, the results of skin and provocation tests did not confirm the results of the in vitro determinations of allergenicity. There was a poor correlation between the results of skin tests and the results of Phadebas RAST for determination of specific IgE to mugwort, whereas the correlation between skin tests and RAST for other allergens was excellent. It is concluded that direct RAST titration allergen assay is not adequate for all kinds of allergen preparations and that the Phadebas RAST for mugwort is less sensitive than the RAST for other allergens. The diagnostic efficacy of the different allergen preparations could not be evaluated. PMID- 709790 TI - Analysis of cell-mediated hypersensitivity, immune complexes and monocyte released factor(s) in allergic alveolitis and asymptomatic exposed subjects. AB - Patients with allergic alveolitis to various antigens, asymptomatic exposed individuals and healthy control subjects were studied. The lymphocyte transformation test and the formation of two lymphokines were shown to be positive in almost all affected subjects and only rarely in asymptomatic exposed individuals. In most symptomatic subjects and only rarely in asymptomatic exposed individuals. In most symptomatic subjects, the presence of antigen-antibody complexes could be demonstrated. However, such complexes were also present in six of the nine asymptomatic exposed individuals having precipitating antibodies. Factor(s) released from sensitized monocytes strongly facilitate the in vitro formation of specific antibodies but are poorly effective when incubated with cells from asymptomatic exposed subjects or normal individuals. PMID- 709791 TI - Cell-mediated immune reactions in asthma. AB - Abnormally high levels of IgE are produced in various diseases, including atopic eczema, and a functional decrease in the T-lymphocyte population occurs at the same time. T-cell function has been studied in a group of asthma patients with high, normal and low IgE levels and in a control group. T-cell function appears to be reduced in asthmatic patients with high concentrations of IgE when skin tests are performed with Candida antigen (P less than 0.05). There was also a decline in the lymphocyte transformation tests with candida antigen in autologous serum (P less than 0.05), although not in foetal calf serum. The responses to in vivo tests with streptokinase-streptodornase were normal, as was the response of the lymphocytes to PHA. PMID- 709792 TI - The use of the radioallergosorbent test in the diagnosis of Hymenoptera anaphylaxis. AB - IgE antibody levels to Hymenoptera (honey bee, hornet, wasp or yellow jacket) venom or venom sac were measured in the serum of ninety-six patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to these insect stings. Normal levels of IgE antibody were found in fourty-four of these patients tested. The severity of the systemic reaction was similar in those patients with normal and elevated IgE antibody levels, and the interval from the systemic reaction to antibody determination was also similar. In twelve patients with a definite reaction to honey bee venom, the IgE antibody was elevated in all and correlated with a positive venom skin test in nine out of the twelve. It is not possible to determine if the other patients with normal IgE antibody and a systemic reaction represent a false negative RAST value, loss of sensitivity to the Hymenoptera venom, or a lack of RAST sensitivity with some venom or venom sac antigens. Without the ready availability of venom skin tests to all Hymenoptera antigens or other in vitro tests, a definite assessment of insect anaphylaxis remains in doubt for the patient and physician. PMID- 709793 TI - A clinical comparison of aerosol and powder administration of beclomethasone dipropionate in asthma. AB - A clinical comparison of conventional aerosol administration of beclomethasone dipropionate and insufflation as a powder using the "Rotahaler" device in four doses of 100 microgram each was made in thirty-seven cases. Each treatment was given for 4 weeks, the order being randomized. Symptom records, twice daily peak flow readings and records of bronchodilator and steroid dosage showed the powder to be as effective as the aerosol. In the physician's opinion the powder was preferable to the aerosol in some cases. PMID- 709794 TI - Complement changes during exercise-induced asthma. AB - Two groups of asthmatic children, one with and one without a history of post exercise wheezing, and one non-asthmatic adult, were exercised on a treadmill, and their complement levels were measured before and after exercise. The first group of patients had the most obvious fall in FEV 1 and all showed a slight rise in haemolytic complement following exercise. Two of the patients of the second group also had a rise in haemolytic complement. The C4 titre did not change in any of the asthmatic children who did not wheeze after exercise, but there were changes, albeit inconsistent, in the titres of C4 in four of the six patients who exhibited post-exercise wheezing. C3 breakdown products were not detected in any of the sera, following exercise. The role of complement in exercise-induced bronchospasm is not clear, but there does appear to be a greater lability of the complement system in patients who are susceptible to this form of provocation. PMID- 709795 TI - Lymphocyte transformation in extrinsic bronchial asthma. AB - Lymphocytes from sixteen patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma and sixteen normals were investigated for their in vitro reactivity to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). No significant differences in maximum lymphocyte responses to PHA or Con A, either in the presence of foetal calf serum or autologous plasma, were found. The significance of these results in relation to T suppressor cell control of IgE formation is discussed. PMID- 709796 TI - Humidifier fever and endotoxin exposure. AB - Three cases of humidifier fever were detected in an office environment. Flavobacteria were found in the contaminated water in a humidifier. After an experimental exposure, the three persons with previous symptoms suffered from fever and slight respiratory symptoms. A leucocytosis and an increase in the number of segmented white blood cells were found the day following the exposure. General immunoglobulins as well as antibodies to Flavobacterium and endotoxin were slightly elevated in the exposed group. The possibility that endotoxins may be the causative agent by means of an indirect complement activation is discussed. PMID- 709797 TI - Measurement of nasal patency using a Vitalograph. AB - A standard Vitalograph was used to measure the volume of air inspired through the mouth (M-FIV0.5) and nose (N-FIV0.5) in 0.5 sec. The ratio of these parameters was used as a nasal patency index (NPI) and the characteristics of NPI and N FIV0.5 investigated in terms of reproducibility and sensitivity. Both indices were significantly reduced by intranasal histamine (100 micrograms and 200 micrograms) and it is concluded that NPI and N-FIV0.5 are reproducible and sensitive indices of nasal patency. PMID- 709798 TI - Asthma and extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to Merulius lacrymans. AB - A teacher with breathlessness of insidious onset developed acute symptoms on return home following his discharge from hospital. His flat was found to have extensive dry rot (Merulius lacrymans). Precipitins and specific IgE and IgG antibody against M. lacrymans were present and intracutaneous testing gave a typical dual skin reaction. Pulmonary physiology demonstrated airflow obstruction with a low DLCO and KCO, and a chest X-ray showed diffuse micronodular shadowing, maximal in the mid-zones. Inhalation challenge testing provoked a combined asthmatic reaction without a change in DLCO. Rapid clinical recovery and more gradual radiographic and physiological improvement followed cessation of exposure to the antigen. PMID- 709799 TI - Methods of quantifying circulating IgE. AB - Four radioimmunoassay techniques, two conventional and two sandwich, have been used to measure circulating IgE levels in 100 sera. The test sera had IgE levels ranging from 1.0 to 20,000 u/ml, and each was measured at five dilutions, ranging from three-fold to 400-fold. The same IgE standards were used throughout, and the optimal range for each assay was determined by assessing data for quality control sera and the WHO standard 69/204. To be of general use in the United Kingdom an IgE test must measure accurately levels as low as 20-30 u IgE/ml. The Phadebas RIST method failed to meet this criterion, and of the remaining tests the double antibody method had the most useful operating range and produced the most reliable results. However, the double antibody method is not available commercially and so, for the majority of laboratories, the Phadebas PRIST technique should be the method chosen. PMID- 709800 TI - Serum IgE levels in amoebiasis. AB - Elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) are found in many parasitic diseases. In order to determine the influence of Entamoeba histolytica on IgE levels of clinically symptomatic patients with intestinal amoebiasis, a controlled study was performed. There was no difference between the serum IgE values from Brazilian patients with amoebiasis and those from age-, race- and sex matched normal Brazilian controls. Based also on our previous similar studies on giardiasis and Chagas' disease, we conclude that protozoan infections do not elevate serum IgE levels. PMID- 709801 TI - Occupational asthma in Finland. AB - In Finland occupational asthma caused by protein allergens and reactive chemicals present in the air of work environments is increasing. This communication describes provocative challenge tests and methods for measuring exposure under simulated work conditions. The importance of lung function measurements during non-exposure and placebo periods is stressed. Especially late reactions are difficult to assess because of the great circadian variation in the lung function parameters of asthmatics. For a positive challenge test, a decrease in peak flow values of at least 15% and a clear deviation from normal circadian variation and placebo periods is required. The allergens of vegetable or animal origin primarily affect patients with an atopic constitution. Chemical allergens seem to attack all exposed workers in the same way. The report lists the occupations with risk for asthma and refers to the population at risk; bakers seem to be the group with the most risk. The importance of early diagnosis, removal of the worker from exposure and improvement of the hygienic aspects of the work environment are stressed. PMID- 709802 TI - Aerobiological studies based in Derby. I. A simplified automatic volumetric spore trap. AB - A simplified version of the Hirst automatic volumetric spore trap has been developed in Derby for aerobiological studies. In comparative trials, the number of spores retained by the Morrow Brown trap were similar in the case of larger spores such as Alternaria (102%), rather higher in the case of grass pollen (136%) and considerably higher (166--201%) for very small spores such as Sporobolomyces and Tilletiopsis. Impaction efficiency has been improved by using a narrower slit. The trap designed in Derby is simple to produce and presents advantages in design over the Hirst version. PMID- 709803 TI - Aerobiological studies based in Derby. III. A comparison of simultaneous pollen and spore counts from the east coast, Midlands and west coast of England and Wales. AB - The air spora of two sites on the east coast of Britain and one on the west coast were compared with each other and with the regular sampling site in Derby by the simultaneous operation of volumetric spore traps. Concentrations of airborne spores and pollen were found to be usually less at the coastal sites than in Derby. The effect of wind direction was shown to be important at coastal sites because daily counts often showed rises and falls corresponding to off- and on shore winds respectively. Counts at the west coast site were nearly always lower than those on the east. These findings, together with the prevalence of westerly winds over Britain and the different land use in the east and west, suggest that fewer airborne allergens may be encountered on the west coast. PMID- 709804 TI - Serum ribonuclease of normal persons and patients with renal impairment. AB - Serum ribonuclease of normal persons and of patients with renal impairment was determined with polycytidylic acid as substrate. There was a pronounced rise in the serum ribonuclease of patients with renal impairment. Average serum ribonuclease values of 25 normal persons and 25 patients with renal impairment, respectively were 110 and 2329 units per ml of serum. Serum ribonuclease, because of its unique specificity, stability and abnormal elevation in the sera of patients with renal failure, might serve as an additional indicator in the assessment of renal function. PMID- 709805 TI - Interactions, in rats, between CC1(4)-induced liver cirrhosis and chronic treatment with the organochlorine insecticide chlordane. PMID- 709806 TI - Semi-automatic data processing in clinical chemistry. AB - A semi-automatic system for data processing in the Clinical Chemistry Department of the School of Pathology, Johannesburg, is outlined. Careful planning of workflow in the laboratory can provide a better interface of laboratory results with a manual cumulative reporting system in which technologists and clerks co ordinate their activities. The system used provides a less tedious and less error prone process via automatic printing facilities. This system achieves improved patient care in terms of quality control (data checks) and cumulative reporting of results. Facility for accounts and administration purpose are also incorporated. In our experience, semi-automatic data processing can provide a solution to the clerical problems generated by the introduction of automatic testing equipment. Hardware costs are minimal in comparison to fully automated systems, which utilize on-line or off-line computers. PMID- 709807 TI - Reliable fifteen-minute assay for theophylline. AB - We describe a reliable, rapid high pressure liquid chromatography assay for serum theophylline which can be performed on 0.5 ml or smaller samples. The procedure involves extraction, centrifugation and sampling all in the same disposable centrifuge tube. In the therapeutic range the coefficients of variation for within-day and day-to-day assays are 1.0% and 2.6%, respectively. The sensitivity of the method is better than 1 microgram/ml in serum. The minimum number of steps, rapid elution and use of only peak heights contribute to the reliability and rapidity of the assay. PMID- 709808 TI - Searches for clinically exploitable biochemical differences between normal and cancer cells: glyoxalase system in malignancy and its relation to cellular proliferation. PMID- 709809 TI - The effects of acute and chronic uremia in rats on their hepatic microsomal enzyme activity. AB - The activity of the hepatic microsomal enzymes hexabarbital oxidase, aminopyrine demethylase, and p-nitrobenzoic acid reductase were determined in the chronically uremic rats, acutely uremic rats and controls. Plasma corticoid levels (corticosterone) were also measured in all groups. A significant reduction in the hepatic microsomal enzyme activity as compared to controls was observed in both groups, with the chronic group showing slightly greater reduction. Furthermore, while plasma corticoid levels were significantly elevated in both groups, the acute uremic group had plasma corticoid levels which were almost twice the levels found in the chronically uremic animals. The significance of these observations are discussed. PMID- 709810 TI - A sensitive method for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in serum by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in serum has been elaborated and verified in a blood level study in normal individuals given a single oral dose of 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide. Based on 5 ml of serum, the limit of detection of the method is 2 ng/ml. PMID- 709811 TI - Comparison of CK-MB fractionation by antibody inhibition reaction and DEAE sephadex chromatography. AB - 1. CK-MB isoenzyme fractionation has been compared between DEAE-sephadex chromatography and the CK-M-subunit inhibiting antibody procedure. 2. It was found that the inhibiting antibody method generally gave lower values than the chromatography procedure. 3. The above difference can be partially attributed to inhibitory factors in the antibody system. 4. It was concluded that although there was general agreement between the two procedures, the CK-M-subunit inhibiting antibody procedure should be viewed with caution at low creatine kinase activities, and should never be done without the appropriate reagent blanks. PMID- 709812 TI - A study of factors affecting laboratory workload. AB - 1. The use of a mathematical modelling technique is described. The factors influencing the day to day variation in laboratory workload were investigated to provide for accurate management forecasts. Analysis by linear stepwise regression showed that a potentially controllable factor the clinician ordering habits, accounted more significantly in this variation than less controllable factors such as admissions, routine and acute, total occupied beds and public holidays. 2. The significant factors remained valid after a review period of one year. PMID- 709813 TI - A water purification system for laboratory use. AB - A water purification system is described, capable of producing Type I water upon demand at multiple locations up to 700 feet, from the purifying equipment. Tap water is initially treated employing reverse osmosis, followed by treatment with activated charcoal and mixed anion/cation exchange resins. The resultant Type I quality water is maintained by means of a recycling loop until removal upon demand. The current cost of producing water of this quality is $0.03 per liter, exclusive of capital and installation costs. PMID- 709814 TI - Experience with Boehringer Mannheim GOD/PAP (Trinder) glucose reagent kit on Autoanalyser I and SMA 12/60 systems. AB - We report here our experience with Boehringer Mannheim GOD/PAP (Trinder) glucose kit on Autonanalyzer I and SMA 12/60 systems. With slight modification on the existing procedures, we are able to obtain an efficient method that yields satisfactory results with very low cost. PMID- 709815 TI - Estimation of free triiodothyronine in serum: a new method and its clinical relevance. AB - We describe a method for estimating free triiodothyronine in serum by polyacrylamide gel filtration. Precise and easy to perform, it avoids the lengthy incubation required for equilibrium dialysis. Results of this procedure correlate well with those by the dialysis method over a wide range of thyroid states. The role of free triiodothyronine as part of a protocol for the evaluation of thyroid status is discussed. PMID- 709816 TI - Additive, multiplicative, and mixed analytical errors. AB - Depending on the change in magnitude of analytical error occuring with change in concentration of analyte, two limiting types of error properties can be defined: additive and multiplicative. We investigated whether one of these two error types also characterizes the overall error of methods involving multiple procedural steps, or whether mixed error properties result in these cases. Using "open" quality-control data (i.e., and analyst identifies controls) from each of two hospitals and "blind" quality-control data from one hospital for 11 different assays, we found: (a) With current methodology, overall errors typically are mixed, though predominantly additive and multiplicative overall errors exist as well. (b) "Blinding" the quality-control system typically augments the multiplicative but not the additive error component. PMID- 709817 TI - Mass-fragmentographic determination of catecholamine metabolites in amniotic fluid and its possible clinical usefulness. AB - We describe the determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenylamandelic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol in amniotic fluid by means of mass fragmentography, with use of deuterated internal standards. The results expressed in terms of absolute concentration and creatinine concentration, are given as a function of gestational age. In the 15th to 17th week, concentrations in amniotic fluid are a reflection of those in the mother's serum, whereas in the 32nd to 40th week, these concentrations, expressed in terms of creatinine, are similar to those found in the urine of newborns. We discuss the possible usefulness of the determination of catecholamine metabolites in amniotic fluid in the diagnosis of congenital neuroblastoma, maternal pheochromocytoma, and underdevelopment. PMID- 709818 TI - New enzymatic method for serum uric acid at 500 nm. AB - We describe a manual method, well suited to mechanization, for quantitating serum uric acid at 500 nm. In the assay mixture (0.10 ml of sample and 3.00 ml of reagent) the hydrogen peroxide produced from uric acid by uricase is coupled with p-hydroxybenzoate and 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of peroxidase to form a colored complex, which is measured. A separate sample blank is obviated by taking an initial absorbance measurement 20 s after the sample is added. The reaction is complete within 5 min; its sensitivity is 0.001 deltaA/mg per liter. Absorbances are linearly related to uric acid concentrations up to 120 mg/liter. Many substances that may be present in normal serum do not interfere, but bilirubin in moderately above-normal concentrations will interfere. The procedure can be modified to largely correct for this, when necessary. The proposed method (y) correlated well (r = 0.979) with the uric acid 293 nm reference method (x) and the relation is described by the equation y = 0.998x + 2.42. PMID- 709819 TI - Bisalbuminemia. A new molecular variant, albumin Vancouver. AB - Of 18 members of a Fiji Indian family investigated, eight of the 12 males and two of the six females had an electrophoretically slow-type bisalbuminemia (alloalbuminemia). The albumin was characterized by the hiterto unique ratio of the two bands (Al A 35%: variant 65%), and by dye-binding studies and electrophoretic mobility in different media. The data suggest that this is a new variant, which we propose to call albumin Vancouver (Al Va). PMID- 709820 TI - Serum prostate-specific acid phosphatase: development and validation of a specific radioimmunoassay. AB - We describe radioimmunoassay for human prostatic acid phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phospho-hydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2] in serum, with use of monospecific antisera raised in rabbits against highly purified acid phosphatase from human prostates. The antiserum did not cross react with partly purified acid phosphatases from human spleen, erythrocytes, or synovial tissues. 125I-labeled acid phosphatase was prepared by a Chloramine T method, and the bound and free antigen was separated in the assay by use of anti rabbit gamma-globulin raised in sheep. Uniform low nonspecific binding of the [125I]acid phosphatase was achieved by using acid-phosphatase-free serum to prepare standard curves and diluted samples of serum with high acid phosphatase activities. Concentrations of immunoreactive acid phosphatase in the serum of healthy men ranged from less than 1 to 10 microgram/liter and for 12 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma between 100 and 500 microgram/liter. The concentrations of the enzyme in sera of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were very similar to those in sera of the reference group. PMID- 709821 TI - Simultaneous determination of retinol and retinyl esters in serum or plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - We propose a single-run liquid-chromatographic determination, with ultraviolet detection at 330 nm, for serum retinol and retinyl esters. The vitamin A derivatives are extracted according to the Bligh-Dyer procedure. With 200 microliter or serum, the lower detection limit is 50 microgram/liter for retinol and about 100 microgram/liter for retinyl esters. Within-run precision (CV) was 2.3% for retinol, 4.3% for retinyl palmitate. Day-to-day percision (CV, n = 20) for retinol was 4.9% during a month. The method can be used for the assessment of vitamin A absorption tests and for the determination of serum retinol (normal, subnormal, and above-normal concentrations). Serum retinyl esters can only be measured in conditions where concentrations exceed 100 microgram/liter. PMID- 709822 TI - A water-soluble cholesterol derivative for use in augmenting serum control materials. AB - Cholesterol determination has been hampered by the lack of suitable means to prepare lyophilized serum control materials with an appropriate range of values. We prepared a water-soluble cholesterol derivative by first esterifying cholesterol with adipic acid and then reacting the cholesterol hemiadipate with Polyethylene Glycol 600 to form polyethoxyethanyl-cholesteryl adipate. The compound reacts quantitatively in several commonly used methods, including enzymic, extraction, and direct-assay procedures. When the additive is directly mixed with human serum that has been depleted of beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins, an optically clear solution results for which cholesterol values are stable. The clarity is retained upon lyophilization and reconstitution. Addition of this cholesterol compound to partially delipidized serum appeared to have no significant effect on results of assay of 18 other commonly measured serum constituents. PMID- 709823 TI - Radioenzymatic assay of DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). AB - We modified the single-isotope radioenzymatic assay for catecholamines [Life Sci. 21, 625 (1977)] to assay 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). DOPA decarboxylase is used to convert DOPA to dopamine, which concurrently is converted to [3H]-3-O methyldopamine in the presence of catechol-O-methyltransferase and [methyl-3H]-S adenosylmethionine and assayed radioenzymatically. For assay of plasma DOPA, 50 microliter of untreated plasma is added directly into the incubation mixture. A duplicate mixture containing an internal standard requires a second 50-microliter aliquot of plasma. Because the assay measures both DOPA and endogenous dopamine, two additonal aliquots of plasma must be assayed for dopamine in the absence of the decarboxylase by the differential assay; DOPA is estimated by difference. The assay is sensitive to 25 pg (500 ng/liter of plasma). Analysis of DOPA (DOPA plus dopamine) and the concurrent differential assay of catecholamines in at least 10 samples can be done in a single working day. Plasma DOPA concentrations for 42 normotensive adults were 1430 +/- 19 ng/liter (mean +/- SEM). In contrast, do pamine concentrations for these same subjects averaged 23 +/- 20 ng/liter. Values for the 24 women subjects (15 10 +/- 62 ng/liter) significantly (P = 0.04) exceeded those for the men (1320 +/- 75 ng/liter). PMID- 709824 TI - Standardization of the Coomassie Blue method for cerebrospinal fluid proteins. AB - Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 can be used to quantitatively determine proteins in cerebrospinal fluid. When the dye combines with protein, the absorption maximum of the dye shifts. The dye-protein color forms almost instantaneously and is stable for at least 1 h. The procedure is also insensitive to changes in temperature in the range of 20--30 degrees C. The absorptivities of the dye complexes with human albumin or globulin differ, thus a pure albumin or pure globulin standard is unsuitable; a standard containing 70% albumin and 30% globulins is the most appropriate for this application. A bichromatic approach to standardization increases the range of linearity of a calibration curve. The method gives values that are about 9% higher than a sodium sulfate-sulfosalicylic turbidimetric procedure for cerbrospinal fluid proteins. PMID- 709825 TI - Proteinuria: accuracy and precision of laboratory diagnosis by dip-stick analysis. AB - We studied and compared results of two urine dip-stick procedures for protein with those of quantitative measurements of total protein and albumin in urine. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of "normal" and "abnormal" dip stick results, assay efficiency, technologist precision, and method association were determined. Precision was poor, attributable largely to variation within each technologist. Relative to a defined measure of precision, technologist performance appears to be uniform within each product. Patients' urinary protein concentrations of less than 200 mg/liter can be distinguished from concentrations greater than 3000 mg/liter with confidence by dip-stick procedures. Urin samples with low albumin/total protein ratios were frequently falsely negative by dip stick assays. PMID- 709826 TI - High-performance liquid-chromatographic assay of aminoglycoside antibiotics in serum. AB - We describe procedures for the high-performance liquid-chromatographic assay of gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin in serum. The aminoglycoside antibiotic is extracted from serum by using a CM-Sephadex column and is measured by reversed phase, ion-pair chromatography. Continuous-flow, post-column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde is used to form fluorescent products for detection. An internal standard is used in each assay. Synthesis of 1-N-acetylgentamicin C1, the internal standard for the gentamicin assay, is described. For each procedure, concentration and instrument response are linearly related in the range of therapeutically important concentrations. The methods are precise and results correlate well with results obtained by bioassay. The between-day CV (n = 10) for each procedure was less than 4%. No substances have been detected in clinical specimens that interfere with these chromatographic procedures. The possible use of these methods for analysis for other aminoglycoside antibiotics is discussed. PMID- 709827 TI - High-performance liquid-chromatographic simultaneous determination of commonly used tricyclic antidepressants. AB - We report a method for simultaneous measurement of five commonly used tricyclic antidepressant drugs (doxepin, desipramine, nortriptyline, imipramine, and amitriptyline) in serum by paired-ion high-performance liquid chromatography, with use of a reversed-phase column and ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The drugs are extracted from 2 ml of serum at pH 14 into hexane/isoamyl alcohol (99/1 by vol) and re-extracted into 200 microliter of 0.1 mol/liter HCI. An aliquot of the aqueous acid phase is chromatographed with use of a methanol/acetonitrile/water (41/15/44) solvent system, containing 5 mmol of pentanesulfonic acid per liter of phosphate buffer (0.1 mol/liter, pH 6.5), at a flow rate of 1,5 ml/min. Analytical recoveries of the drugs from serum increase with increasing concentration, from 62% at 25 microgram/liter to 93% at 300 microgram/liter. Linear response is observed for drug concentrations up to 1500 microgram/liter and the detection limit is 2-3 microgram/liter. Within-run precision ranges from 1.4 to 2.9% and day-to-day precision from 1.7 to 7%, depending on the specific drug. The entire procedure can be completed within 45 min and is well adapted to the routine clinical laboratory. Of 48 common basic and several neutral drugs tested for possible interferences, only three benzodiazepines, three phenothiazines, and three antihistamines interfere with the assay of doxepin, desipramine, and nortriptyline, respectively. PMID- 709828 TI - A one-tube micromethod for radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol. AB - A micro-scale method is presented for measurement of cortisol. Serum or plasma, 2 microliter, is diluted with buffer and the solution heated at 60 degrees C in the presence of high-affinity antibody and [3H] cortisol. Corticosteroid-binding globulin in the serum is denatured, releasing cortisol and making it available to the antibody, which is stable during the incubation. After cooling, ammonium sulfate solution is added, followed by a toluene-based scintillant that does not dissolve in the aqueous phase. The vial is shaken to extract the free cortisol into the scintillant. Antibody bound cortisol remains in the aqueous phase and does not produce any scintillation. The amount of [3H] cortisol that is free at the end of the incubation, and which therefore gives rise to the measured counts, is related to the concentration of cortisol in the original serum, and may be calculated from a standard curve. The assay is sensitive and precise. Ranges are presented for normal and pathologic subjects. PMID- 709829 TI - Modification of the choriogonadotropin beta-subunit radioimmunoassay for determination of urinary choriogonadotropin. AB - The choriogonadotropin beta-subunit radioimminoassay has been used extensively to measure human choriogonadotropin in the sera of pregnant women and individuals with trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic tumors. Unmodified, this method cannot be used to measure choriogonadotropin in urine because of interfering substances. We circumvented the non-parallelism between the standards and serial dilutions of urine containing choriogonadotropin by adding pooled urine from men to the standard tubes and limiting the volume of urine to 100 microliter. This modified assay has a sensitivity of 3 int. units/liter of urine and is specific for choriogonadotropin concentrations of 40 int. units/liter of urine. Analytical recovery of choriogonadotropin added to urine ranged from 96 to 105%. The within assay CV was 7.6%; the between-assay CV was 11.8%. Concentrations of choriogonadotropin in concurrently collected serum and urine samples from pregnant women correlated well. The test can be performed within 24 h by using the double-antibody method for separating bound from free hormone, or in 3 h with a dioxane method. The assay is about 20-fold more sensitive than the 2-min or 2-h slide and tube pregnancy tests, and seven-to 12-fold more sensitive than the radioreceptor assay. PMID- 709830 TI - Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism. AB - We studied 25 borderline-hyperparathyroidism patients whose total serum calcium concentration was within normal limits (reference range: 2.25--2.75 mmol/liter) but whose concentrations of serum ionized calcium were above normal (reference range: 1.03--1.23 mmol/liter). Their hyperparathyroidism was histopathologically verified. To compare the discriminating value of corrected serum calcium with ionized calcium, we studied the serum calcium and albumin concentrations in a reference group of 2098 patients. After patients from endocrine and dialysis departments were excluded from the reference group, we obtained the range (mean +/- 2 SD) 2.05--2.71 mmol/liter for uncorrected serum calcium and 2.11--2.63 mmol/liter for corrected serum calcium. The correction factor for calcium on albumin was 20 mumol/g. Even with this limit for corrected serum calcium, 13 of 25 borderline hyperparathyroidism patients had values that fell within the reference range. We conclude that correcting total serum calcium values for serum albumin concentration improves discrimination of borderline hyperparathyroid patients, but that measurement of ionized calcium in serum discriminates better. PMID- 709831 TI - Effect of in vitro hemolysis on chemical values for serum. AB - Hemolysis in serum specimens is commonplace. This study examines the effect of hemolysis on results of selected chemical assays. Hemolysis was simulated by adding hemolysate to serum to give hemoglobin concentrations of 90 to 2800 mg/liter and a rating by technologists of 0 to 4 + hemolyzed. The effect of hemolysis on values for some serum constituents, particularly acid phosphatase and creatine kinase, was shown to be method dependent. Not unexpectedly, hemolysis most affects results for lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 709832 TI - Isoenzyme distribution of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and skeletal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, collagen disease, and other muscular disorders. AB - We determined the total activity and isoenzyme distribution of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in serum and biopsy specimens from skeletal muscle of nine normal individuals and nine patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (I), five with collagen disease (II), and four with non-progressive unclassified myopathy (III). Mean total serum creatine kinase in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (867 U/liter, SD = 197) was 31-fold that in the control group (28 U/liter, SD = 14). There was also a small (3.3-fold) increase in the mean total serum creatine kinase of patients with III, but none in the serum from patients with II. Changes in the creatine kinase isoenzyme distribution of skeletal muscle were primarily in the MB isoenzyme. The mean percentage of creatine kinase-MB activity in muscle from patients with I (2.81, SD = 1.15) and patients with III (1.69, SD = 1.07) significantly (P less than 0.005) exceeded that of the control group (0.43, SD = 0.18). Muscle from patients with II showed little change. The most striking changes in lactate dehydrogenase were also observed in patients with I, in whom the mean total serum activity (356 U/liter, SD = 115) was 3.4-fold that of serum from the control group (105 U/liter, SD = 19). Skeletal muscle from these patients also showed a significant decrease in mean percent isoenzyme 5 activity (from 50 to 23) and an increase in that of isoenzymes 1 and 2 (from 1 to 9 and 8 to 20, respectively). These changes in the distribution of these two sets of isoenzymes in muscle were reflected in the serum. PMID- 709833 TI - Serum galactose determination with centrifugal analyzers. AB - I describe a rapid quantitative centrifugal analysis for galactose in blood. The technique involves galactose dehydrogenase. As compared to the manual (o toluidine) method for galactose determination, analysis time (4 min 45 s on the GEMSAEC, 4 min 10 s on the CentificCHEM) and sample volume (5 microliter) were considerably reduced. Sample deproteinization is eliminated. A modified commercial kit was also tested. Results by the procedure correlate well with those by the more classical methods and analytical recovery is about 100%. The method is applied to the determination of galactose in intravenous galactose tolerance tests. Results of actual tests are reported. PMID- 709834 TI - Trace elements in scalp-hair of persons with multiple sclerosis and of normal individuals. AB - Scalp-hair samples from 40 multiple sclerosis patients and 42 controls were analyzed by neutron activation analysis, with a SLOWPOKE reactor as the neutron source. Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, l, K, Mg, Mn, Na, S, Sb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn were determined in samples of about 0.1 g. Highly significant differences (99% confidence) were observed between the two groups in concentrations of Cu, l, Mn, S, Se, and V. PMID- 709835 TI - Determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylmandelic acid in urine by mass fragmentography, with use of deuterium-labeled internal standards. AB - We report the determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylmandelic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol in urine, by use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in combination with a simple purification method and deuterium-labeled internal standards. Normal excretion values in terms of creatinine, expressed as a function of age, are given, together with results obtained for patients with neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, or parkinsonism treated with L-DOPA + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, and for a patient receiving dopamine. We were unable to identify 3, 4 dihydroxyphenyllactic acid in urine. The results obtained and their relation to other catecholamine metabolites and catecholamine-precursor metabolites in urine are discussed. PMID- 709836 TI - Copper coproporphyrin excretion in familial coproporphyria. AB - Analysis of stool specimens from a patient with familial coproporphyria by high performance liquid chromatography revealed that 112 microgram per gram of dry feces (14% of the total porphyrin present) was copper coproporphyrin. Examination of stool specimens from other patients with this disease confirmed the presence of significant amounts of both copper coproporphyrin and coproporphyrin. Further investigation showed that the copper coproporphyrin was probably formed by a nonenzymic incorporation of copper by the coproporphyrin in either the bile or feces. PMID- 709837 TI - Relative merits of two electrophoretic and two column-chromatographic kets for determining serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity. AB - Prospective analysis (by use of commercially available kits) of 339 validated admission specimens from patients consecutively admitted to a cardiac monitoring unit revealed sensitivities of 68 and 63% for two electrophoretic assays (Bioware and Helena) and up to 73 and 77% for two chromatographic assays (Roche and Worthington). Specificities were 94.8, 96,6, 90.2, and 89.7% and efficiencies were 90.2, 90.7, 87.0, and 87.0, respectively. Although these results differ from early reports, they agree well with several recent studies. However, 86 (25%) of the specimens gave at least one discrepant result based on clinical evaluation of the patients, and 68 (20%) gave at least one discrepant result between methods. PMID- 709838 TI - Continuous-flow enzymic method evaluated for measurement of serum triglycerides with use of an improved lipase reagent. AB - We compared a modified enzymic continuous-flow method for serum triglycerides, in which a microbial lipase is used without protease, to an extraction-fluorometric method. Results (for total--blank) correlated well with those by the comparison procedure: enzymic = 1.002 fluorometric--14 mg/liter; r = 0.9968. Serum blanks were measured for each sample in both methods, and the concentration of free glycerol measured by the enzymic method was shown to be as much as 15 to 71% of the total triglyceride result in 7% of the samples analyzed. The dual-channel continuous-flow system provides automatic free-glycerol blank subtraction for the enzymic method. PMID- 709839 TI - Measurement of plasma nortriptyline concentrations: radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography compared. AB - We compared measurement of plasma nortriptyline by a recently developed radioimmunoassay technique with values obtained by traditional gas chromatography. The coefficient of correlation (r) was 0.98 for 84 samples from 21 controlled patients; for a separate series of 45 samples from 34 patients who were receiving in addition other medication, r was 0.96. Use of radioimmunoassay in the routine determination of plasma nortriptyline concentration is discussed. PMID- 709840 TI - Manual and centrifugal analyzer determination of cholesterol and triglycerides with single-vial enzymatic reagents. AB - We have assessed Calbiochem single-vial enzymatic reagent systems for the analysis for cholesterol and triglycerides, using manual and centrifugal analyzer techniques. Analysis for cholesterol by both techniques had acceptable performance by the short-term criteria of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) during this study carried out under optimal conditions of variance. Analysis for triglycerides by the manual technique did not meet CDC criteria, and we do not recommend use of this method. Analysis for triglycerides by the centrifugal analyzer technique had acceptable short-term precision but had unacceptable accuracy at high concentrations of triglycerides; this method may be considered to have acceptable performance for routine laboratory use. PMID- 709841 TI - Mechanized micro-scale determination of protein in platelet pellet sonicates. AB - With the method described here, samples can be assayed at the rate of 40/h, with increased reproducibility. As described, the method covers an analytical range of 1 to 7 g/liter, but it can be readily adapted to measure different ranges of concentration in other protein preparations. PMID- 709842 TI - Immobilized-enzyme membrane sandwich reactor used in automated micro-scale assay of plasma uric acid. AB - We describe the automated microassay of plasma uric acid by use of an immobilized uricase-membrane sandwich reactor. Hydrogen peroxide, formed when uric acid is oxidized, oxidatively couples two molecules of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the presence of peroxidase to produce a highly fluorescent compound. The specificity of the uricase reaction is coupled with a significantly lower cost of analysis. PMID- 709843 TI - Continuous-flow analysis for serum albumin, by use of the immediate reaction with bromcresol green. AB - Albumin reacts with bromcresol green reagent almost immediately, other serum proteins more slowly. This phenomenon can be exploited to improve the specificity of this routine method for determining serum albumin. I describe a 30-s reaction as adapted to continuous-flow analyzers, with no interference from other serum proteins. The method shows linearity to 72 g/liter. Results of this method correlate very well with those by the Laurell "rocket" and manual (30-s) bromcresol green methods. This procedure gives a considerable improvement in specificity for continuous-flow analyzers as compared with current bromcresol green methods. PMID- 709844 TI - Should blood samples for assay of plasma renin activity be chilled? AB - Collecting blood on ice for renin determination reportedly may produce falsely high results. To assess the probability of this occurring under actual collection conditions, we measured renin activity in duplicate aliquots of plasma from blood samples from 25 hypertensive patients, both supine and upright, and in 10 supine normotensive controls. One aliquot of the blood was collected on ice and processed at 4 degrees C, the other at room temperature. The two aliquots showed no significant differences in renin activity. If anything, values for samples collected at room temperature were higher. Repeat determination on the same specimens stored at--20 degrees C for nine and 12 months revealed no significant changes in results for any samples, although the amount of angiotensin I found in the sample before incubation at 37 degrees C significantly increased. We conclude that it makes little difference at what temperature one collects blood for renin determination, but because of the wide fluctuations in "room" temperature we recommend that blood samples be collected on ice. PMID- 709845 TI - Enzymatic determination of plasma ammonia: evaluation of Sigma and BMC Kits. AB - We compared two kit methods for the enzymatic determination of plasma ammonia. The procedures involved measuring the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm resulting from the consumption of NADH in the Sigma kit, NADPH in the BMC kit. Both kits gave acceptable results for aqueous samples, but for plasma specimens values with the Sigma kit significantly exceeded those obtained with the BMC kit. In our hands, values with the BMC kit were more accurate and precise. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the BMC kit is the better choice. PMID- 709846 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum myoglobin: evaluation and modification of a commercial kit and assessment of its usefulness for detecting acute myocardial infarction. AB - We evaluated a modified procedure for a commercially available myoglobin radioimmunoassay kit (Nuclear Medical Systems). Within-run and run-to-run precision was acceptable. Normal ranges were established and paralelism studies performed. Clinical usefulness was assessed in 100 consecutive patients admitted to our coronary-care facility. The determinations were done daily, along with creatine kinase and its isoenzymes, and lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes. Fifty of the 100 patients ultimately were shown to have had acute myocardial infarction. Myoglobinemia was present in most of the patients with acute myocardial infarction, but information on its presence was less usefull clinically than was detection of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB. PMID- 709847 TI - Measurement of chloride in sweat with the chloride-selective electrode. PMID- 709848 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme of high relative molecular mass in serum of a cancer patient. AB - We describe an atypical serum creatine kinase isoenzyme in the serum of a woman with cancer of the left breast. This isoenzyme migrated toward the cathode, closely following the MM isoenzyme on agarose gel electrophoresis. Its relative molecular mass was estimated to be about 325,000, fourfold that of normal creatine kinase. It is more heat-stable and is inhibited more by urea than the normal MM isoenzyme. Isoenzyme monomer B activity was observed to be 20 U/liter in the serum, as measured with use of an antibody against the M monomer. On anion exchange column analysis, creatine kinase activity was observed only in the MM fraction, in spite of the fact that B activity was observed in the patient's serum. Results of the immunological investigation make it unlikely that the atypical isoenzyme is linked to immunoglobulin or beta-lipoprotein. It may have been present as the result of modification of normal creatine kinase by the therapeutic radiation the patient was receiving. PMID- 709850 TI - Another source of contamination from blood-sample containers. PMID- 709849 TI - Results by the Phadebas amylase test for human sera in the presence and absence of albumin. PMID- 709851 TI - Detection of septicemia by the "shot-gun" method for assaying creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in serum. PMID- 709852 TI - Specificity of quinidine determination methods. PMID- 709853 TI - Hydroxy-hemopyrrolenone, not kryptopyrrole, in the urine of schizophrenics and porphyrics. PMID- 709854 TI - Higher values for ionized calcium with a new type of electrode for Orion SS-20. PMID- 709855 TI - Azide interference with bilirubin procedures using diazotized sulfanic acid (Ehrlich's reagent) PMID- 709856 TI - Evaluation of a glycohemoglobin kit. PMID- 709857 TI - Blood-collecting tube as a contamination source in vitamin E fluorometry. PMID- 709858 TI - Atherosclerosis--an epilogue. PMID- 709859 TI - The potential value of red cell transketolase in the metabolic evaluation of disease. PMID- 709860 TI - Evaluation of intracranial space-occupying lesions by computed tomography and electroencephalography. A comparison. PMID- 709861 TI - On the chemistry of 'black' pigment stones from the gallbladder. AB - Radiolucent (33 cases) and radiopaque (17 cases) black pigment gallstones from patients who underwent cholecystectomy were studied using several spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Radiolucent pigment stones (mean Ca percentage 2.1%) are composed chiefly of degenerated tetrapyrrolic bile pigments (mean 85.3%) deriving from bilirubin and bilirubinates. Degeneration includes both polymerization and bacterial reduction and leads to products of different grade of polymerization. Final extraction residues (mean 55.5%), called the 'black pigments' are considered to be degenerated bile pigments of high molecular weight. The mean percentage of bilirubin (free and inorganic bound bilirubin) was 8.5%, while the percentage of lipids was very low (mean of total lipids approximately 2.7%). Radiopaque black pigment stones (Ca: 12.4%) were composed of 'black pigments', too, but contained large amounts of calcium phosphate (carbonate apatite) and/or calcium carbonate. 65% of the radiopaque stones were calcified by calcium phosphate. 'Black pigments' were degraded by chromate to maleimides and 2,5-pyrroledialdehyde. These degradation products can be prepared in the same way from normal bile pigments with a tetrapyrrole structure. Polymerized dipyrrolic bile pigments like polymer propentdyopent or 'mesobilifuscin' did not give 2,5-pyrroledialdehydes during chromate oxidation. Thus we conclude that the formation of 'black pigments' starts from the polymerization of tetrapyrrolic, but not from dipyrrolic units. Accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin and bilirubinates within the gallbladder will precede the development of 'black pigments' which play an important role in pigment gallstone formation. PMID- 709862 TI - Radioenzymatic estimation of noradrenalin in small plasma samples without prior extraction. AB - We have developed a radioenzymatic method for the estimation of noradrenalin in small plasma samples by utilizing partly purified phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase. Noradrenalin can be estimated in deproteinised plasma without prior extraction. The sensitivity of the assay is better than 2.5 pg. Inclusion of an internal standard with each sample is necessary as the enzyme reaction is slightly influenced by some components of the plasma. Prior extraction with alumina severely decreases the sensitivity of the assay. PMID- 709863 TI - Glycolic acid in urine. A colorimetric method with values in normal adult controls and in patients with primary hyperoxaluria. AB - An improved Chromotropic acid-sulfuric acid assay for urinary glycolic acid is described. The sample (0.5 ml or less) is precleaned by filtering through strongly acidic and strongly basic ion-exchangers and compared with a standard made up in normal urine. From the many compounds tested, only glyceric acid in pathologically high concentrations interfers partially; this interference can be recognized at 776 nm and eliminated by a second determination. Per man-day, 8--12 samples can be analyzed. Recovery of 0.8 mmol/l glycolic acid added to the urines of 12 persons was 100.6 +/- 4.7% (1 S.D., n=12) without, and 101.9 +/- 5.3% (1 S.D., n=12) with correction for isotope dilution of [1-14C]glycolic acid, respectively, using 0.5-ml sample volumes. The variation coefficients of a single determination were 1.5 and 2.1% without and with correction for isotope dilution, respectively (n=7). The method was checked by mass fragmentography. The following normal values were found in adults (n=15; x +/- 1 S.D. (range)): 47.3 +/- 10.1 (24.4--63.7) mmol/mol creatinine and 0.60 +/- 0.15 (0.29--0.91) mmol/day or 45.8 +/- 11.3 (22.2--69.0) mg/day. Two patients (F.G. and A.S.) with primary hyperoxaluria type I excreted glycolic acid between 112 and 379 mmol/mol creatinine and 1.21--5.64 mmol/day or 92--429 mg/day. Under vitamin B-6 treatment, urinary excretion decreased in one patient (F.G.) to 71--131 mmol/mol creatinine and 0.92--2.0 mmol/day or 70--152 mg/day. PMID- 709864 TI - Continuous monitoring in vivo of blood glucose, lactate, alanine and 3 hydroxybutyrate. AB - Methods are described for simultaneous continuous in vivo monitoring of blood glucose, lactate, alanine and 3-hydroxybutyrate. The methods use dialysis, immobilized enzymes and measure generated reduced pyridine nucleotides fluorimetrically. The methods are accurate, sensitive, stable, and are suitable for use in emergency situations or in clinical investigation. PMID- 709866 TI - Preparation of porphyrin methyl esters for high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 709865 TI - Pancreatitis-like isoamylase pattern in normal persons. AB - On the assumption that a rise in the pancreatic type isoamylases may not necessarily indicate underlying pancreatitis, genetic studies of human serum and urinary amylase isoenzymes have been performed with the use of electrophoresis. Although the preponderant increase in the two principal pancreatic isoamylases Amylase-1 and 2 has been accepted to be a specific index of pancreatic involvement, 1.68% of normal persons had Amylase-2 with an elevated amylase activity (named "Dominant Amylase-2") up to the same levels as the major isoenzymes. Results of pancreozymin-secretin test and other laboratory findings of these persons with Dominant Amylase-2 were all within normal ranges. Pedigree studies confirmed an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for this variant. The important of serial determination and pedigree investigations has been shown to distinguish normal persons having Dominant Amylase-2 from patients with pancreatitis without elevated amylase activity. The existence of an inherited trait of pancreatitis-like isoamylase pattern in healthy individuals must be born in mind before coming to a conclusion when amylase isoenzymes are used for clinical medicine, though preponderance of the pancreatic type isoenzymes in serum and urine has been revealed to be a characteristic finding in pancreatitis. Knowledge of amylase genetic polymorphism provides a scientific basis for amylase isoenzyme interpretation. PMID- 709867 TI - Inorganic phosphate in bile and 'bile-rich' duodenal aspirates. PMID- 709868 TI - Quantitation of red cell porphyrins by fluorescence scanning after thin-layer chromatography. AB - This paper reports a new method for the quantitative determination of erythrocyte and plasma porphyrins by fluoroscanning of the methyl esters separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). After esterification overnight in the dark the polycarboxylated porphyrin methyl esters were extracted into chloroform and aliquots applied to the TLC plates within the range of quantities shown in a preliminary study to be directly proportional to fluorescence intensity. The accuracy and reliability of the technique was tested by comparison of RBC protoporphyrin values obtained by TLC with an established quantitative porphyrin solvent extraction method and with a rapid method presently in common use. Good correlation was demonstrated between the solvent extraction and the TLC techniques. The high sensitivity and adaptability of the TLC technique and its ability to clearly separate all the porphyrins present in the samples are discussed, along with the fluorescence mechanisms involved and the effects of instrumentation. PMID- 709869 TI - Interpretation of urinary oestrogen:creatinine ratio for monitoring fetoplacental function in late pregnancy. AB - In pregnancies with a normal outcome the oestrogen:creatinine ratio in early morning samples of urine showed a smaller day-to-day variation than the ratio in 24-h urine or the 24-h total oestrogen excretion, and a significant fall could be detected more easily. Patients admitted to hospital who eventually delivered a healthy baby provided a reference range which, after logarithmic transformation, increased linearly with period of gestation. A fall in log10 oestrogen:creatinine ratio exceeding 40% of this range is unusual in pregnancies with a healthy outcome, and suggest impaired fetoplacental function. PMID- 709870 TI - Separation fluoroimmunoassay methods for phenytoin in serum. AB - A separation fluoroimmunoassay system for phenytoin was established based on the use of a specific rabbit antiserum, a fluorescein-labelled ligand, and precipitation of the antibody-bound fraction of the labelled ligand with sodium sulphate. Simple measures were taken to obviate non-specific binding and matrix effects. Either the free fraction (in the supernatant) or thebound fraction of the labelled ligand was quantitated fluorimetrically. Assays of patient serum samples by either method correlated well with established gas-liquid chromatographic and radioimmunoassay techniques. Advantages of a separation based procedure as compared with previously described non-separation hapten fluoroimmunoassay techniques are that only simple instrumentation and assay reagents are required, and that the separation step may enable the removal of any interfering intrinsic fluorescence of serum samples. PMID- 709871 TI - The fatty acid composition of various lipid fractions isolated from erythrocytes and blood plasma of patients with Duchenne and congenital myotonic muscular dystrophy. AB - Ten lipid fractions, both neutral and phospholipids, were isolateed from erythrocytes of patients with Duchenne and congenital myotonic dystrophy. These fractions were: phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, glycosphingolipids, triglycerides, diglycerides and one unknown. The fatty acid compositions were compared with control values. The major deviation was a decreased level of palmitoleic acid (16 : 1omega7) in three neutral lipid fractions. It was lowered from 9.1 to 1.3% in diglycerides and from 10.6 to 2.6% in triglycerides in myotonic dystrophy. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy this percentage was decreased from 9.1 to 4.0 in diglycerides. From blood plasma were isolated phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine. The myristic acid (14 : 0) content was raised in lysophosphatidylcholine (from 4.4 to 8.6%) and in sphingomyelin (from 3.3 to 5.0%) in myotonic dystrophy, In the latter phospholipid the stearic acid level was decreased from 18.6 to 12.8%. In phosphatidylcholine from plasma in myotonic dystrophy the level of eicosatrienoic acid (20 : 3omega6) was lowered from 3.1 to 2.0%. Plasma fractions from Duchenne dystrophy showed no deviation. The results do not constitute an explanation for the various biochemical abnormalities found in dystrophic erythrocytes. Neither do they point to a defect in a major pathway in lipid metabolism. However, an aberration in the de novo synthesis of lipids in immature red blood cells cannot be excluded. PMID- 709872 TI - Experimental optimization of the detection limit of two-step solid-phase radioimmunoassay. AB - For two-step inhibition radioimmunoassay (sequential saturation or delayed addition of labeled antigen) generally a higher sensitivity than for one-step inhibition radioimmunoassay (equilibrium assay) is expected. The detection limit of a two-step solid phase inhibition radioimmunoassay for human serum immunoglobulin A was minimized by statistical methods of experimental optimization. Under optimal conditions the detection limit was 2.3 ng IgA. This is about 1.8 times lower than the minimal detection limit of the one-step assay under similar conditions of the qualitative variables such as the origin of the antibody. This increase in sensitivity was associated with a decrease in the precision of the assay. The results are discussed with respect to the comparison of the one-step and the two-step assay and the usefulness of a sensitive radioimmunoassay in practice. PMID- 709873 TI - A simple screening method for plasma lipids by thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection. AB - Thin-layer chromatography was carried out on glass rods coated with Silica gel (chromarod) and the fractions were detected with a flame ionization detector (FID). This system was applied to the fractionation and screening of plasma lipids. As the relative response of the flame ionization detector depends on the nature of the lipids, correction factors had to be introduced. These correction factors were derived from comparison of the results of the thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection with those obtained by conventional chemical analysis of the same sample. The coefficients of variation of the lipid profiles were comparable for both techniques. The absolute lipid concentration for the various fractions obtained by combination of the concentration of the total lipids with the relative lipid profile, correlate very well with the values obtained by conventional chemical analysis of the various lipids. PMID- 709874 TI - A new approach to determining cholinesterase activities in samples of whole blood. AB - A sensitive method, especially suitable for clinical laboratories, for the routine determination of cholinesterase activities in whole blood is presented. This method is based on the hydrolysis of propionylthiocholine and the spectrophotometric determination of the thiocholine produced by reaction with 4,4'-dithiodipyridine. The reaction product 4-thiopyridone has an absorption maximum at 324 nm, so that measurement in the presence of hemoglobin is possible. Propionylthiocholine is used at the substrate for both plasma butyrylcholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. These two enzymes, in the relative amounts at which they are present in human blood, split this ester at about the same rate. Consequently, a first determination gives the total activity of which each individual activity is about 50%. A second determination in the presence of a selective inhibitor ("Astra 1397") for plasma butyrylcholinesterase gives the activity of the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. The difference between the two values represents the activity of the plasma enzyme. The validity of the method and the reliability of the results were checked with each blood sample in two ways: (1) by determining the activities of whole blood with an earlier gasometric technique which uses blood sample dried on filter paper; and (2) by measuring the activities in separated plasma and erythrocyte hemolysate eith propionylthiocholine as the substrate. PMID- 709875 TI - Rapid quantitative surface immunofixation of proteins in polyacrylamide gels. AB - A new method is described which allows rapid identification of sub-microgram amounts of protein in polyacrylamide gels. The technique has been applied to samples of cerebrospinal fluid and serum and is suitable for localisation of both discrete protein bands and diffuse zones. Results from cerebrospinal fluid confirm that IgG is localised in the oligoclonal bands seen in multiple sclerosis. Given antibody excess, there is a linear relationship between the amount of protein applied to the gel and the density of the stained immune complexes on the gel surface. PMID- 709876 TI - Magnesium and phosphate in the serum of patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Magnesium, phosphate, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcium were measured in the serum of nine patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and high serum calcitonin, and compared with the values in nine patients with normal serum calcitonin. Serum phosphate was significantly higher in the group of patients with high serum calcitonin (P less than 0.025). No correlation was observed between the serum concentrations of magnesium and calcitonin, nor of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. PMID- 709877 TI - Indoleamine compartmentation in human blood. AB - Improved methods are described for the fluorimetric determination of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and tryptophan (TRP) in plasma, platelet and RBC blood compartments. The methods for 5-HT and 5 HIAA utilize ion exchange chromatography and allow simultaneous determinations to be made on the same blood sample. The tryptophan assay is a modification of an existing extraction method. All of the 5-HT in whole blood was found to be associated with the platelet fraction (122.6 ng/ml), whereas all 5-HIAA was distributed between the plasma (78.3 ng/ml) and RBC (124.0 ng/ml) compartments. Tryptophan was found in all three compartments although the majority of this amino acid was in the plasma (4.3 microgram/ml) and RBC (1.7 microgram/ml) fractions. PMID- 709878 TI - Human erythrocyte phenol O-methyltransferase: radiochemical microassay and biochemical properties. AB - A radiochemical microassay for the determination of phenol O-methyltransferase (PMT) activity in human red blood cell membranes has been developed. Acetaminophen was used as the substrate. The apparent Michaelis-Menten (KM) value for acetaminophen was 21.2 X 10(-3) M. The apparent KM value for S-adenosyl-L methionine, a co-substrate for the reaction, was 4.8 X 10(-6) M, and the pH optimum of the reaction was approximately 9.0 with four different buffer systems. Phenol was also tested as a substrate and had an apparent KM value of 2.0 X 10( 3) M. Human erythrocyte (RBC) membrane PMT activity did not have the biochemical characteristics of catechol O-methyltransferase, another RBC membrane methyltransferase enzyme activity. Blood samples obtained from 212 randomly selected adult white subjects had a mean activity of 134.5 +/- 41.5 pmol of p acetanisidide formed per mg protein per hour (mean +/- S.D.). Activities varied from 44 to 282 units. There were no differences in the mean activities of samples from men and women. Experiments in which mixtures of "low" and "high" activity RBC membrane preparations were assayed for PMT provided no evidence that the variations in enzyme activity were due to the presence of endogenous PMT activators or inhibitors. RBC membrane PMT activity in blood from 9 patients with renal failure, a pathological state in which there are elevated circulating levels of phenols, was found to be significantly decreased with average activity of 76.2 +/- 9.7 (mean +/- S.E.M., P less than 0.001). PMID- 709879 TI - beta-Sitosterol as a nonabsorbable marker of dietary lipid absorption in man. AB - beta-[14C]Sitosterol was evaluated for its usefulness as a nonabsorbable marker of lipid absorption in intubation studies. A liquid meal, including [3H]triolein as a marker of absorbable lipid, was used. The beta-sitosterol was shown to remain well mixed with triolein in the gastric antrum, validating its suitability for this type of study. In small bowel fluid, the beta-sitosterol was shown to partition into the aqueous phase in proportion to triolein and its hydrolysis products. With this system, lipid absorption was shown to take place chiefly in the jejunum in normal individuals. PMID- 709880 TI - Influence of fatty acids on the isoelectric point properties of human serum albumin. PMID- 709881 TI - A preparative method for the isolation of genetic variant forms of glucosephosphate isomerase and a study of five variants. AB - A method has been developed for the rapid, quantitative separation of normal and abnormal glucosephosphate isomerase allozymes from individuals heterozygous for genetic variant forms of the enzyme. The method utilizes a substrate gradient elution of the enzyme from carboxymethyl Biogel and is far superior in terms of resolution and recovery to methods based on electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Five different genetic variant forms of the enzyme were isolated and subjected to a systematic comparison of their physical, catalytic and stability properties. While the physical and catalytic properties of most of the variants were similar, clear differences in the stability of the allozymes were apparent. In order to detect mutations affecting the stability, a series of different stability tests are required. PMID- 709882 TI - Modification of the radioactive method for erythrocyte galactokinase assay. PMID- 709883 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid enzymology: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase activity and isozyme pattern as a brain damage index. AB - Blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid from a 4.5-year-old girl suffering from convulsive episodes of toxic origin were investigated for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities. Elevated levels of both enzymes were found. Furthermore CK was higher in the CSF (680 I.U./1) than in blood serum (160 I.U./1). The CSF activity was demonstrated mainly as the BB form (96%) for CK and H4 (63%) was the predominant form for LDH. Identical investigations were performed 45 h later and results compared with the first set. These data provide an additional example of interest in CSF enzymatic studies as a brain damage index. PMID- 709884 TI - Interference with the kinetic determination of acid phosphatase. AB - This study advocates cautious use of the kinetic determination method for acid phosphatase with alpha-naphthylphosphate as substrate and a diazonium salt for colour development. The occurrence of considerable blank rates due to the spontaneous hydrolysis of the substrate was noticed. Of the diazonium salts which were tested as alternatives for Fast Red TR, diazotised p-nitroaniline seemed to be useful. Also the interaction between plasma components and diazonium salts may influence the results of the determination. In this respect a number of possible interfering compounds was investigated and from these a structural element which may lead to side reactions was deduced. PMID- 709885 TI - Substrates for the assay of alpha-L-iduronidase. AB - Procedures are described for the preparation of two disaccharides, 4-O-alpha-L iduronosyl-2,5-anhydro[3H]mannitol and 3-O-alpha-L-iduronosyl-2,5-anhydro[3H] talitol, from heparin and dermatan sulfate, respectively. These disaccharides lend themselves to an easy assay of alpha-L-iduronidase which is based on the fractionation of the liberated neutral anhydro[3H]mannitol or anhydro[3H]talitol from the unreacted substrate by adsorption of the latter to Dowex 1. Investigation of the reaction conditions showed that the alpha-L-iduronidase activity (enzyme from human fibroblasts and Helix pomatia) was optimal at pH 3.6 in acetate buffer containing 0.01 M NaCl with iduronosyl-2,5-anhydro[3H]mannitol as substrate. For iduronosyl-2,5-anhydro[3H]talitol the pH optimum was 4.0 with the H. pomatia enzyme. The KM for iduronosyl-2,5-anhydro[3H]mannitol was 0.23 mM with human fibroblasts and 0.04 mM with Helix enzyme; a KM value of 0.02 mM was determined for iduronosyl-2,5-anhydro[3H]talitol with the Helix alpha-L iduronidase. PMID- 709886 TI - An enzymic determination for serum phospholipid. AB - A new colorimetric determination for serum phospholipid is described. Firstly, serum phospholipid is incubated with phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus, and then the released diglyceride and triglyceride are hydrolyzed completely to fatty acid and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Secondly, the glycerol produced is enzymatically determined by glycerol dehydrogenase in the presence of NAD+, using phenazine methosulfate-nitro blue tetrazolium as color reagents. The absorbance at 570 nm is recorded. The amount of the glycerol from phospholipid is calculated by subtracting the amount of glycerol from triglyceride from the amount of total glycerol. The present method requires only 20 microliter of serum and a 40 min incubation and is highly reproducible. The results obtained show good correlation with those obtained by a chemical method (correlation coefficient, 0.925) or the phospholipase D-choline oxidase method (correlation coefficient, 0.936). These results strongly suggest that the proposed method can be utilized as a routine clinical test. PMID- 709887 TI - Lysosomal hydrolases in cystic fibrosis livers. AB - The specific activity of several lysosomal hydrolases in normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) livers has been investigated. Neuraminidase activity with respect to two natural substrates (fetuin and bovine submaxillary mucin) is normal in CF livers. No significant differences were found between CF and normal livers in 4 methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-mannosidase specific activities determined at three different pH values (4.3, 5.65 and 6.5) corresponding to lysosomal, golgi and cytosolic components of the enzyme, respectively. The specific activities of p nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannosidase and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase were also both similar in CF and normal livers. PMID- 709889 TI - Isoelectric focussing of proteins on thick (500 micron) modified cellulose acetate gel membranes. AB - A method is described for isoelectric focussing proteins on thick (500 micron) cellulose acetate gel membrane modified by boron trigluoride in methanol. Longer pH gradients could be formed and larger sample volumes could be applied than on the normal thickness product. PMID- 709888 TI - 3,4-Dimethoxyphenylethylamine excretion of normals and schizophrenics, behaviour during total fasting. AB - A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the determination of 3,4 dimethoxyphenylethylamine (3,4-DMPEA) in urine was developed. In 5 fasting healthy volunteers excretion of 3,4-DMPEA was not diminished, indicating that this substance can be regarded as an endogenous metabolite. In addition, the time profile of the excretion of 3,4-DMPEA was measured in one patient during total fasting. In 25 patients with schizophrenic psychoses, 9 psychiatric patients without schizophrenia and 80 control patients excretion of 3,4-DMPEA was compared. No significant differences could be observed between these three groups. PMID- 709890 TI - Acute endocrine profile of sulpiride in the human. AB - Normal men and normally menstruating women received i.m. injections of 0.1 to 4.0 mg/kg sulpiride. This psychotropic drug induced a very rapid (already significant after 5 minutes) and sustained (still significant after 7 hours) elevation of prolactin (PRL) concentrations in all subjects with no consistent modification of LH and FSH. After injection of 4.0 mg/kg, there was similarly no modification of mean TSH concentrations in the women tested in the luteal phase, as well as of mean GH levels in men. Sulpiride prevented the inhibitory effect on PRL levels of 500 mg levodopa, administered orally simultaneously; levodopa administered 2 hours prior to sulpiride failed to counteract the PRL-stimulatory effect of sulpiride. Under chronic sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinaemia, levodopa exhibited however a very slight inhibitory effect on PRL concentrations. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that sulpiride acts mainly at the pituitary level by blocking dopamine receptors of the lactotropes and support the concept that the menstrual cycle perturbations observed under chronic sulpiride administration result from hyperprolactinaemia itself or from a mechanism quite similar to that by which sulpiride induces hyperprolactinaemia. PMID- 709891 TI - Autoimmune thyroid disease and the polymyalgia rheumatica-giant cell arteritis syndrome. AB - In a study of 250 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, seven (2.8%) were found to have polymyalgia rheumatica or giant cell arteritis. All cases occurred in female patients over the age of 60 years, a prevalence in this group of 9.3%. No cases of either disorder were seen in a control population of 150 female patients over the age of 50 years attending a cardiac clinic at the same hospital. Awareness of this association may allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome in elderly patients with thyroid disease. PMID- 709892 TI - Thyroidal hormone metabolism in obesity during semi-starvation. AB - Six obese subjects were studied over a period of 12 weeks whilst on a 1260 kJ (300 kcal) formula diet. Weight loss was initially rapid, but later slowed markedly despite good patient compliance. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) fell in all patients during the study. Plasma triiodothyronine fell in all patients, whilst the plasma half-life of thyroxine increased. Plasma thyroxine, reverse triiodothyronine (reverse T3) and the serum prolactin and thyrotropin response to thyroliberin all showed no significant change. PMID- 709893 TI - Pituitary-gonadal function in XYY and XXY men identified in a population survey. AB - Evidence on pituitary-gonadal function in XYY subjects has been inconclusive and based, for the most part, on selected samples such as institutionalized individuals or subjects examined for particular behavioural or medical characteristics. We report the results of a double-blind hormonal study of a sample from an entire well-defined birth cohort of men. The starting population included all males born in Copenhagen during the period 1944-1947 comprising 31,436 individuals. Chromosome determinations conducted on 4139 men representing the top 15.9% of the height distribution of the sample identified 12 XYY and 16 XXY men. All the XYY subjects and 14 XXYs consented to participate in an individual case study and were individually matched to XY controls selected from the total sample. The XYY men had significantly higher plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone than matched XY controls. There were no differences in testicular size and in the reported number of children between the XYYs and control group. XXY men from the same population showed significantly higher LH and FSH, lower concentrations of testosterone, had smaller testes and reported fewer children than their matched controls. PMID- 709894 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia in renal disease. AB - Basal prolactin concentrations in 357 patients with renal disease of defined pathology have been compared with those in 210 control subjects. Elevated prolactin concentrations were found in 113 renal patients (32%) including 53 patients in whom elevated concentrations were possibly attributable to drug therapy. In the remaining 60 patients who had hyperprolactinaemia not attributable to drugs, elevated concentrations (P less than 0.005) were found exclusively in patients with impaired renal function. A significant correlation was observed between prolactin and creatinine concentrations in these patients (r = 0.45 P less than 0.005) and prolactin reverted towards normal after successful renal transplantation. A significant arteriovenous prolactin concentration difference across the kidney (mean 16% range 8-29% P less than 0.02) was found in seven patients with non-renal non-endocrine disease. It is concluded that the hyperprolactinaemia found commonly in patients with impaired renal function is only partly attributable to drug therapy. The positive correlation between prolactin and creatinine reversion of prolactin towards normal after successful transplantation and arteriovenous hormone concentration differences across the normal kidney suggests that the kidney has a important role in prolactin metabolism. Abnormal regulation of prolactin secretion in renal failure may also be involved. PMID- 709895 TI - Effect of acute myocardial infarction on pituitary-testicular function. AB - The effect of acute myocardial infarction on the secretions of LH, FSH and testosterone was studied in thirteen male patients. Plasma testosterone fell transiently on the fourth day after acute myocardial infarction. This was accompanied by a rise in LH on the same day which persisted for a week after infarction. Serum FSH showed no significant change. The data suggest that following the medical stress of myocardial infarction, testosterone concentration was suppressed resulting in a compensatory rise in LH. PMID- 709896 TI - The effect of alpha adrenergic receptor blockade on the glucagon-induced growth hormone response. AB - The effect of a alpha adrenergic blockade (phentolamine) on glucagon induced growth hormone response was tested in five normal men. There was no significant difference in growth hormone concentrations between the glucagon test and the glucagon-phentolamine test (mean maximum level, 23.4 +/- 3.7 ng/ml and 23.1 +/- 5.9 ng/ml, respectively). Insulin secretion was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) 30 and 60 min after an injection of glucagon in the glucagon-phentolamine test. The results suggest that the stimulation of growth hormone secretion by glucagon is not mediated through an alpha adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 709897 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in patients with central diabetes insipidus. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters and biological duration of action of DDAVP were measured in five patients with central diabetes insipidus of differing severity. Plasma half-life correlated significantly with the duration of action (r = 0.89, P less than 0.05), 0ut there was no correlation between the severity of diabetes insipidus and either plasma half-life or duration of action of DDAVP. PMID- 709898 TI - Urinary excretion of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3). AB - A simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay for reverse T3 in urine using small Sephadex G25 fine columns is described. The recovery of rT3 added to urine was on average 101.0 +/- 4.2% (mean +/- SEM). Detection limit was 4 pg/column. Urine excretion of rT3 (mean +/- SD) was 72.0 +/- 32.1 ng/24 h in 61 healthy euthyroid subjects with a slight increase with age (P less than 0.05), 28.8 +/- 18.2 ng/24 h in 12 hypothyroid patients and 183.6 +/- 79.7 ng/24 in 25 hyperthyroid patients. PMID- 709899 TI - Glucose-induced insulin secretion in patients with parathyroid disorders. AB - Glucose-induced insulin secretion was studied in ten patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and two with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism both before and after treatment. In each individual, insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test was greater when the plasma calcium was higher. No consistent change in insulin secretion with plasma calcium concentration was observed during an oral glucose tolerance test. These findings could be explained by the suggestion that insulin secretion provoked by orally administered glucose is enhanced by gut hormones which may stimulate insulin secretion by a mechanism independent of extracellular calcium. PMID- 709900 TI - Colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 709901 TI - Current endoscopic practice in the United Kingdom. PMID- 709902 TI - Johanson-Blizzard syndrome in a large inbred kindred with three involved members. AB - An infant with aplastic alae nasi, imperforate anus, focal aplasia cutis over the fontanels, microcephaly, and mental retardation is presented as an example of the Johanson-Blizzard syndrome. The infant failed to thrive and had evidence of malabsorption. He died at 4 months of age. The occurrence of extensive consanguinity in his family and the occurrence of two other members of the kindred with a similar syndrome indicate that this disorder is transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene. PMID- 709903 TI - Autosomal recessive inheritance of metaphyseal dysplasia (Pyle disease). AB - Two young adults with Pyle disease have been investigated in a large Afrikaner kindred in South Africa. Consanguinity was present in the family, and it is likely that the condition was inherited as an autosomal recessive. This contention is supported by the radiographic demonstration of minor degrees of widening of the distal femora in obligatory and potentially heterozygous relatives. Apart from genu valgus of moderate degree, the patients enjoyed good health and their gross radiographic skeletal abnormalities contrasted with the innocuous clinical presentation. Differentiation of Pyle disease from the autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of cranio-metaphyseal dysplasia is of prognostic importance in view of the potentially serious complications in these latter disorders. PMID- 709904 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme patterns in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes were studied in 41 patients suffering from Duchenne type muscular dystrophy and 20 mothers of patients (carriers) by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Both the MM and MB types were found in all cases of Duchenne type dystrophy patients, and in carriers with highly elevated total creatine kinase activity BB was not observed above the detection limits of the methods used. However, a so-called atypical CK--BB band has been demonstrated. PMID- 709905 TI - Autosomal dominantly inherited adductor laryngeal paralysis--a new syndrome with a suggestion of linkage to HLA. AB - A family is reported with autosomal dominantly inherited congenital bilateral adductor paralysis of the larynx. This disorder has apparently not been described previously. A search for linkage in this family with the loci for 19 other genetic markers showed a suggestion of linkage with HLA and GLO, and accordingly a suggestion that the locus for this disorder may be assigned to chromosome 6. PMID- 709906 TI - The effect of maintenance dialysis on lymphocyte function. II. Peritoneal dialysis. AB - Lymphocyte function, as assessed by PHA-stimulated DNA synthesis, was studied in chronic renal failure patients maintained by peritoneal dialysis. In contrast to patients on haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis patients had normal lymphocyte responsiveness pre-dialysis. There was no deterioration in the post-peritoneal dialysis plasma's ability to support control lymphocyte responsiveness as occurred after haemodialysis. Plasma dilution and reconstitution studies indicated that haemodialysis depleted the patients' plasma of nutrients and also added toxins, but peritoneal dialysis had neither effect. PMID- 709907 TI - Complement-mediated immune mechanisms in renal infection. AB - The belief that the inactivation of complement by renal ammonia enhances the susceptibility of renal tissue to infection has been held for some years. This thesis has been investigated in the present experiments using cultures of renal tissue maintained in vitro under physiological conditions. The experiments have confirmed that exposure of normal serum to renal issue in culture does result in the rapid loss of complement activity, but that the inactivation was not due to renal ammonia. Furthermore, in quantitative experiments, the liver was found to have even greater anti-complementary activity than renal tissue. In experiments where the biological significance of this phenomenon was examined, it was shown that the bactericidal capacity of serum was maintained even after exposure to renal tissue. The results of these investigations suggest that the biological significance of the inactivation of complement by renal tissue in vitro has been over-emphasized and requires further studies in vivo. PMID- 709908 TI - Spontaneous and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by lymphocyte subpopulations against cell lines susceptible or resistant to spontaneous cytotoxicity. AB - In the present study we have investigated whether cell lines, which are resistant to spontaneous cytotoxicity, can be killed by lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC), the expression of EAC (7S) receptors on LDCC effector cells, and the relationship between spontaneous cytotoxicity and LDCC when EAC (7S) receptor-positive or -negative subpopulations are tested against different target cell lines. We found that target cells which are resistant to spontaneous cytotoxicity can, indeed, be killed by LDCC, and that there is an inverse relationship between spontaneous cytotoxicity and LDCC, both when unfractionated lymphocytes were tested against different target cells and when fractionated cells were tested against cell lines highly susceptible to spontaneous cytotoxicity. The implications of these findings, in relation to the relative specificity of the spontaneous cytotoxicity system, are discussed. PMID- 709909 TI - Defective neutrophil motility and recurrent infection. In vitro and in vivo effects of levamisole. AB - Eighteen patients with primary abnormalities of neutrophil chemotaxis are described. The most common clinical presentation was one of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (nine patients) or recurrent pyoderma (seven patients), and two children had a history of oropharyngeal candidiasis and recurrent skin sepsis. Of these eighteen patients, sixteen had intrinsic polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) defects as shown by diminished random migration and movement towards endotoxin-activated serum. PMN chemotaxis towards casein was, however, normal. In nine out of the latter patients, there was an associated inability of the serum to generate chemotactic factors. PMN from two adult patients, both suffering from recurrent boils, moved normally both in random and directed systems, but sera from these patients contained heat-stable inhibitors of neutrophil chemotaxis. In vitro levamisole treatment (10(-3) M) markedly improved the PMN function. When patients were treated with levamisole, however, no clinical response was noted, although PMN movement improved in a number of cases. PMID- 709910 TI - Correlation between hypersensitivity to parenteral chymopapain and the presence of IgE anti-chymopapain antibody. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay, similar to the RAST, was developed in an attempt to predict anaphylactic reactions in patients injected with the proteolytic enzyme chymopapain, used in therapy for prolapsed intervertebral disc. The test measured the serum content of anti-chymopapain antibodies of the IgE class. Of 1263 patients tested, twelve gave anaphylactic reactions. The test was predictive for seven of them (58%), while sixty were false positives. Measurements were also made of anti-chymopapain IgE or other classes of antibodies which developed in the sera of patients after chymopapain injection. The presence of antibodies to chymopapain in individuals who had not been injected was also demonstrated. PMID- 709911 TI - Analysis of immunosuppression during early acute infection of mice with Ascaris suum. AB - Immunosuppression was examined at 10 to 12 days following oral inoculation of 10,000 to 12,000 embryonated Ascaris suum eggs. Reduced antibody responses to sheep red cells (SRC) following systemic immunization were confirmed in CD-1 and C57Bl/6 mice. Infection alone induced antibody reactive with DNP equivalent to that observed after immunization with DNP--Ficoll. There was a decrease in thymus and spleen size by day 8 of infection, followed by a splenic proliferative response during the second week. In the second week, serum antibodies reactive with SRC, chicken erythrocytes, DNP and bacterial lipopolysaccharide were demonstrated, suggesting polyclonal B-cell stimulation. The cellular basis of immunosuppression was investigated by in vitro culture of splenocytes from C57Bl/6 mice. Differential leucocyte counts of splenocytes before culture demonstrated a relative increase in plasma cells, blastoid cells, complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes and eosinophils, with a relative decrease in small lymphocytes. The splenocytes had reduced responses to T-cell mitogens, as measured by thymidine incorporation in vitro, and reduced antibody responses to SRC and DNP--Ficoll. In vitro, cell mixing experiments did not demonstrate suppressor cells in the spleens of infected mice. PMID- 709913 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte cytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis. AB - Inhibitory factors were investigated, using 51Cr-labelled Chang cells as targets, based on the inhibition of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). A significant reduction of LMC was noted (P less than 0.001) when autologous sera of patients with CAH was added. The addition of HBsAg-positive and -negative homologous sera from CAH, which were as capable of inhibiting LMC as autologous sera, decreased LMC significantly (P less than 0.001). The LMC fell significantly (P less than 0.001) in the presence of sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A significantly higher inhibition (P less than 0.001) by rheumatoid factor (RF) positive autologous sera of patients with CAH was observed when compared to that of RF-negative sera. Such autologous sera inhibiting LMC contained increased IgG levels (P less than 0.01) when compared to those that failed to inhibit LMC. A significant reduction of LMC was also induced with the addition of anti-HBs (P less than 0.05), HBsAg--anti-HBs (P less than 0.001) and IgG--anti-IgG (P less than 0.01) complexes, or aggregated IgG (P less than 0.001). The LMC was reduced significantly (P less than 0.001) after adding a purified liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (LSP) from human livers. There was some evidence for the inhibition of LMC being effected by these additives as a result of their acting on an effector cell level. These findings suggest that humoral factors including immune complexes, aggregated IgG and LSP play an important role for lymphocyte cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of CAH. PMID- 709912 TI - The acquisition and loss of antigen-specific cellular immune responsiveness in acute and chronic schistosomiasis in man. AB - To characterize the development and evolution of cellular immune responsiveness in individuals infected with the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, we studied fifteen patients with acute, subacute and chronic schistosomiasis. Lymphocytes from the three acutely infected patients responded vigorously to schistosome antigens in an in vitro blastogenic assay. By contrast, cells from nine chronically infected individuals were essentially unreactive to these same antigens. Patients infected for an intermediate period of time (9 months) generated responses between those of acute and chronic patients. The diminished responsiveness of chronically infected individuals was specific for schistosome antigens and did not extend to humoral immune responses. Following treatment of the infection with niridazole, these patients temporarily regained responsiveness to schistosome antigens. From these data we speculate that during the course of this parasitic helminth infection there develops a progressive and specific modulation of antigen recognition and proliferation by lymphocytes to schistosome antigens, and that such diminished immune reactivity may be important in maintaining the unique biological relationship which exists between a host and its parasites. PMID- 709915 TI - Lymphocyte transformation studies using B 512 dextran in dextran-allergic patients and normals. PMID- 709914 TI - The effect of maintenance dialysis on lymphocyte function. I. Haemodialysis. AB - The effect of haemodialysis on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte DNA synthesis was determined in twenty-four uraemic patients. Lymphocytes pre-haemodialysis were significantly less responsive to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) than were control lymphocytes and showed the same degree of impairment as uraemic lymphocytes. Intrinsic lymphocyte responsiveness improved immediately after each haemodialysis. Pre-haemodialysis plasma inhibited control lymphocyte responsiveness and this inhibition was even greater in post-haemodialysis plasma. This effect of haemodialysis on plasma lasted for 4--8 hr. Similar alterations of response were noted, despite the use of different dialysers and also when two other mitogens were substituted for PHA. This deleterious effect of haemodialysis on lymphocyte function is important for its possible immune consequences, and may indicate a deficiency in current haemodialysis technique. PMID- 709916 TI - Operative treatment of displaced Salter-Harris III distal tibial fractures. AB - Displaced, isolated Salter-Harris III fractures of the distal tibia are infrequent. Typically, the mechanism of injury is an external rotation stress to the adolescent ankle. The distal tibial growth plate fuses from medial to lateral during adolescence. If the anterior tibiofibular ligament remains intact, lateral distal epiphysis of the tibia. Closed reduction of displaced fractures is usually unsuccessful. In 5 displaced fractures, periosteal flaps were frequently found to have blocked closed reduction. Follow-up evaluation after open reduction and internal fixation revealed anatomic healing and normal ankle strength. PMID- 709918 TI - A standardized method for the radiographic evaluation of clubfeet. AB - A new standardized technique is presented for positioning patients for the radiographic evaluation of clubfeet. The main reasons for inadequacy of the usual techniques are inaccuracy in measurement, movement of the patient and improper positioning of the patient or X-ray equipment. Means are proposed to avoid or minimize these problems. The critical views are those taken immediately preoperatively to assess deformity combinations and those taken before wound closure to verify completeness of surgical correction. These films are taken with the patient asleep to eliminate movement. Unacceptable films which do not conform to the standard technique are rejected and new films obtained. The method has proven to be acceptably accurate. PMID- 709917 TI - Foreign body (palm thorn) in knee joint. AB - A child who lives in a semitropical or tropical zone and has monarticular symptoms involving the knee joint and a history of playing in the vicinity of plams should be examined for the possibility of a palm thorn within the joint. The diagnosis, made after careful elimination of more common entities, can only be confirmed by surgical exploration. PMID- 709919 TI - Stress fractures in the calcaneus of a child. A case report. AB - An 11-year-old girl with splastic quadriplegia, and immobilization atrophy developed a stress fracture of the calcaneus, are rare cause of heel pain in children. There was complete remission of symptoms with healing of the fracture. PMID- 709920 TI - Muscle transfer for abduction paralysis of the shoulder in poliomyelitis. AB - Muscle transplantation in deltoid paralysis in poliomyelitis has been practiced only sporadically and considered ineffective. Trapezius transfer to humeral shaft with fascia lata extension was performed to restore abduction power of the shoulder in 24 patients between 4--10 years of age. It is recommended that the muscle re-education program and bracing be continued for a sufficiently long time so that the muscle may develop enough strength to function. If a forward subluxation of the joint develops and persists, a Nicola procedure is effective. The functional results obtained in a follow-up of 1--3 years has been encouraging in these children, especially when the accessory muscles were not paralyzed. PMID- 709921 TI - Anterior subglenoid dislocation of the shoulder in an infant following pneumococcal meningitis. AB - A 7 1/2-month-old boy had an anterior inferior dislocation of the shoulder. Dislocations of the shoulder in infants have previously been reported, and were either congenital dislocations with associated anomalies of the glenohumeral joint with dislocations from Erb's palsy or septic arthritis. In the present case, dislocation of the shoulder was associated with spastic brain damage. The marked spasticity of the deltoid muscle may have been the deforming force. Capsular and subscapularis plication plus recession of the deltoid corrected the deformity and prevented further dislocations. PMID- 709922 TI - Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in children. AB - Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in the child is an infrequent occurrence. In 5 cases all occurring after injury about the elbow, the lesion involved not only lateral but also medial structures. The latency period from elbow injury to palsy was not always long and ranged from 2 months to 29 months. Possibly because of the age of the patients and short duration of the palsy, anterior transposition promoted prompt remission of symptoms and signs. PMID- 709923 TI - Solitary bone cyst in the infant radius. A case report. AB - The exceptional case in the distal radius of an 18-month-old girl demonstrates the natural history and characteristic features of solitary bone cyst at an early age. There were recurrent pathological fractures and even recurrence of the cyst, but spontaneous complete healing occurred after a period of 7 years. Splinting of the fractures, curettage and bone graft were performed per primum. Aspiration of the cyst and collapse of the cyst walls were secondary procedures. The recommended treatment is biopsy and prolonged immobilization until spontaneous healing of the cyst is complete. PMID- 709924 TI - The relationship of intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis to venous thrombosis following total hip replacement. AB - Soluble fibrin complexes, fibrin degradation products, and anti-thrombin III levels were determined in the plasma of 20 patients undergoing elective total hip replacement. The presence of deep venous thrombophlebitis was determined by venography at the end of the first postoperative week. Patients who developed thrombosis exhibited impairment of fibrinolysis as de-Patients who developed thrombosis exhibited impairment of fibrinolysis as detected levels of anti thrombin III and soluble fibrin complexes were not useful in indicating the presence of deep venous thrombosis. However, the preoperative level of soluble fibrin complexes closely correlated with the subsequent development of thrombosis. Elevated soluble fibrin complexes appear to identify a group of patients with activated coagulation systems who are prone to develop thrombosis during total hip replacement. PMID- 709925 TI - Proximal femoral focal deficiency: Treatment and classification in forty-two cases. AB - A review of the surgical experiences in 42 patients with proximal femoral focal deficiency has led us to propose a new classification system. This simplified system consists of 4 definite classes based on the roentgenographic appearance of the proximal shaft, and includes distinct prognosis and treatment groups. Early and accurate prognostication facilitates rational prosthetic design and appropriate surgical treatment in all degrees of involvement. In the less severely involved classes, emphasis is placed on the utilization of the proximal shaft signs of Fixsen and Lloyd-Roberts to identify those hips with an unfavorable prognosis. PMID- 709926 TI - Ligamentous laxity and scar formation. AB - The character of scar tissue is relative to or influenced by ligamentous laxity. Patients who are able to passively hyperextend the terminal interphalangeal joint of the index finger to 45 degrees and beyond have a tendency to leave broad scars. This proved to be statistically significance (p less than .001). It is suggested that in female patients in particular, assessment of the passive hyperextensibility of the terminal interphalangeal joint of the index finger can be used preoperatively to determine whether the patient will be left with a cosmetically displeasing scar following any operative procedure. PMID- 709927 TI - Acromioclavicular dislocations: treatment by transfer of the conjoined tendon and distal end of the coracoid process to the clavicle. AB - A retrospective study of 23 acute and 6 chronic acromioclavicular dislocations treated by surgical transfer of the distal 1/2 inch of the coracoid process with the attached conjoined tendon of the coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps to the clavicle revealed 14 excellent, 14 good and one fair result. Results were determined according to symptoms, range of motion at the shoulder and elbow, strength, anatomic reduction, and return to previous activities. Although most patients with this injury are treated conservatively, this procedure is reserved for the athlete or manual laborer below age 45 years, especially with involvement of the dominant-extremity. The 29 cases were evaluated 20--108 months following surgery. Thirteen additional cases with less than 18 month follow-up have also been good or excellent. Weakness and pain have not been as pronounced following this procedure in vigorous individuals as have been noted after conservative treatment. Few postoperative complications developed, and early return to competitive athletics was possible. PMID- 709928 TI - Forces at the glenohumeral joint in abduction. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the forces in the glenohumeral joint for isometric abduction (including all directions of rotation) in the plane of the scapula. The lines of actions of muscles were obtained from 3 upper quarter specimens, electromyographic data was used, as well as geometrical parameters of shoulder motion. The main assumption made in the analysis was that the force in a muscle was proportional to its area times the integrated electromyographic signal. The resultant force reached a maximum of 0.89 times body weight at 90 degrees of abduction, while the shearing component up the face of the glenoid was a maximum of 0.42 times body weight at 60 degrees of abduction. PMID- 709929 TI - Barbotage of the shoulder with image-intensified fluoroscopic control of needle placement for calcific tendinitis. AB - In 9 patients with symptomatic calcific deposits in the rotator cuff, followed for an average of 9 years, good to excellent results were obtained by barbotage (needle irrigation and aspiration). The deposit was localized with a needle using an image intensifier. Postbarbotage X-rays show residual deposits, but films taken on follow-up show complete disappearance of the lesion except in one instance where a small density was seen. One patient had early recurrence of symptoms out of the 3 who had postbarbotage cortisone injection. Barbotage is simple, effective, with virtually no complications. Failures of the method were apparently due to difficulty in locating the deposit with the needle. Barbotage is most indicated in the acute phase of the disease but may be used in cases with chronic symptoms to remove dry granular deposits. It is not essential, however, to completely remove the deposits because the resorption process continues. Local cortisone injection either as a primary procedure of after barbotage is not recommended because it aborts the natural course of the disease and promotes recurrences. PMID- 709931 TI - Management of redislocated Colles' fractures. AB - One question which often confronts the clinician is whether or not a Colles' fracture, shown to be redisplaced, should be subjected to renewed reduction. Earlier reports have shown a rather good correlation between the accuracy of reduction and the functional and cosmetic end result. Roentgenograms of 40 rereduced Colles' fractures are reviewed in order to answer the following questions. What are the chances of a lasting improvement resulting from a renewed reduction of a redislocated Colles' fracture? What is the most suitable time for renewed reduction? Permanent improvement was found in about 1/3 of all the case. To establish the most suitable time for rereduction the material was divided into early rereduced (1-6 days after primary reduction) and late rereduced (7-15 days) fractures. It was found that early rereduction led to lasting improvement of the fractures position in only 2 of the 15 cases. Late rereduction led to permanent improvement in 15 of 30 cases with respect to dorsal angulation and in 9 cases to radial compression. If a rereduction is to be performed, it should be done during the second week after primary reduction. PMID- 709930 TI - Extensor fasciotomy for tennis elbow: a long-term follow-up study. AB - In 37 of 43 cases (86%) the late results of fasciotomy for chronic lateral epicondylitis were excellent or good. The initial result was maintained for an average of 8.0 years. The procedure is simple and morbidity is minimal. Patient selection and technical factors appeared to account for the failures. PMID- 709932 TI - A simple A-K stump dressing. PMID- 709934 TI - Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase in initial intramembranous osteogenesis. AB - Developing fetal calvariae in which calcification of woven bone has been initiated, have been decalcified with formic acid, buffered with citrate at pH5 to remove all traces of calcium and phosphate from the tissue. The decalcified bone was then incubated in medium containing sodium-beta-glycerophosphate, an artificial substrate for alkaline phosphatase. The Hugon and Borgers-modified Gomori reaction revealed the sites of A-Pase activity as electron dense deposits of lead phosphate. 23,24 One site of A-pase localization was in Golgi vesicles. Another site, at the cell membrane, indicated that A-Pase was apparently secreted from the osteoblasts into the calcifying matrix. A strong reaction in the matrix vesicles and at the periphery of bone nodules (vesicles) indicated that A-Pase was localized ultrastructurally in the precise zones of calcification during initial intramembraneous ossification. PMID- 709933 TI - Experiences with U.C.I. total knee. AB - In 200 low friction knee arthroplasties with a minimum follow-up of 2 years the primary goal of relief from pain was accomplished in most patients. However, the evaluation of the result of a knee arthroplasty is difficult. Many of the patients who rated good or better had, to some extent, patellofemoral complaints. Cold flow deformation and prosthetic loosening is a definite concern about the tibial component. A longer follow-up study is needed to better evaluate the significance of the one to 2 mm radiolucent line at the bone cement interface of the tibial component. Collateral and cruciate ligament deterioration with time is also of concern and warrants careful follow-up. Although most patients patients in this series were greatly relieved of pain, even better results might have been obtained if the arthroplasty included the patellofemoral joint and a more substantial tibial component with better fixation. By our rating criteria, rheumatoid patients, in general, were benefited the most. Patients, surgeons and engineers realize that the natural human knee joint is a remarkable product of adaptive evolution, and that it may be imitated with increasing success though it can never be duplicated. PMID- 709935 TI - Short-term effects of varying doses of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on blood and urine chemistry and calcium absorption of osteoporotic patients. AB - During a period of 4-7 days, synthetic 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha-OH-D3) was given to osteoporotic patients with hip fractures in 3 different dose levels, viz. 1 microgram, 2 microgram, and 4 microgram, in combination with calcium. The increase in serum calcium level was more prominent during treatment with 2 microgram and 4 microgram doses of 1 alpha-OH-D3 and was also dependent on the duration of treatment. The level of serum phosphate was only slightly elevated. The urinary calcium excretion increased, while the urine phosphate and hydroxyproline excretion decreased. The intestinal absorption of calcium increased in rate during treatment with 1 alpha-OH-D3. On discontinuation of treatment, values did not normalize within 6 days. The administration of small doses of 1 alpha-OH-D3 did not seem to expose osteoporotic patients to the risks of hypercalcemia. The efficiency of vitamin D metabolites in the treatment of osteoporosis requires further investigation. PMID- 709936 TI - Interim report on treatment of osteoporotic patients with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. AB - Fifteen patients, 13 women and 2 men (mean age 60 years) with osteoporosis of different types have been under treatment with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. The responses were observed clinically and by the use of roentgen morphometry, photon absorptiometry and by blood and urine chemical analyses. The treatment had beneficial clinical effect in all but 3 patients. The intestinal calcium absorption rate increased significantly. Slight hypercalcemia and a significant hypercalciuria occurred during treatment. Serum and urine phosphate levels, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone values were within normal ranges. The bone mineral content increased significantly during treatment. 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium was well tolerated by the patients. Three patients had coincidental acute attacks of spinal pain and 2 had further vertebral crush fractures. A period of time longer than one year is necessary to further evaluate the effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy on the clinical course of severe osteoporosis. PMID- 709938 TI - Femoral bifurcation with tibial aplasia. A case report and review of the literatures. AB - An extremely rare femoral bifurcation in combination with ipsilateral tibial aplasia, lumbosacral myelomeningocele, anomalies of hand and feet occurred in a premature infant. Review of the pertinent literature suggests that femoral bifurcation usually occurs in association with ipsilateral tibial aplasia. The pathogenesis of this rare congenital anomaly may be associated with an ectopic tibial anlage in the femur and insertions of disorganized muscles. PMID- 709937 TI - The in vitro production and activity of 24, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in cartilage and calvarium. AB - Previously reported results from our laboratory have indicated that 24, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol can be formed in vitro during incubations of cartilage tissue or cartilage cells with 25-hydroxycholecalcified. They have also demonstrated the high potency of this dihydroxymetabolite of vitamin D3 in stimulating in vitro the sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans of cartilage cells in culture and in decreasing in vitro the parathyroid hormone action on rat calvarium phosphatases activities. The present report shows that 24, 25-)OH)2 D3 can also be produced during rat calvarium incubations with 25 hydroxycholecalciferol and that therefore calvarium as well as cartilage might be both a site of formation and a site of action for 24, 25-(OH)2 D3. The review of recent experimental and clinical investigations strongly suggests that this metabolite has a physiological significance and may be specifically active on some parameters of bone mineralization. Further studies on the cartilage and calvarium abilities to convert 25-hydroxycholecalciferol into 24, 25-(OH)2 D3 shows that this transformation occurs in the mitochondrial fraction but that it does not seem modified by factors known to control the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism in the kidney. Finally the analysis of experimental and clinical results published so far does not yet bring enough information to understand the significance of this extrarenal metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. PMID- 709939 TI - Corticosteroid-induced avascular necrosis: an experimental study in rabbits. AB - New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 4 groups for the study of the etiology of corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis). Group A and B received intramuscular injections of methylprednisolone acetate and methylprednisolone succinate respectively. Group C, on semirestricted diets, and Group D, on ad libitum diets, were controls. Osteocyte death, necrotic debris and intravascular fat emboli were evident in sections of proximal and distal femur by the 2nd week in experimental animals. Blood analysis revealed elevated lipid and prostaglandin levels. Osteoporosis was first observed at 6 weeks. Evidence of advanced osteonecrosis was present histologically at 18 weeks. It is concluded that osteonecrosis probably develops as the result of the interaction of several corticosteroid-induced alterations, including circulating fat emboli and inflammatory unbound free fatty acids or prostaglandins. Osteoporosis may also be a factor in explaining the sporadic nature of the disorder. PMID- 709940 TI - Delayed surgical repair of ruptured ligaments: a comparative biomechanical and histological study. AB - The importance of prompt surgical repair of complete ligament ruptures was quantitated using 38 rabbits with standardized transection injuries ofthe medial collateral ligament of one knee. Tensile testing of the mechanical properties, coupled with histological evaluation allowed assessment of the integrity of suture repairs performed immediately after ligament injury, versus those with 3 and 10 day delay times as well as those with non-operative management. Surgical repair performed within the first 3 days is beneficial in terms of final repair strength. Irreversible ligament strength and stiffness deficits progressively accumulate during the 10 days immediately following injury. Surgical repair after more than 10 days postinjury is contraindicated since the postoperative mechanical properties of the healed ligament do not differ from those for non operative injury management. PMID- 709942 TI - Blount disease. A review of etiological factors in 110 patients. AB - The infantile form of Blount disease is common in the African Negro population of South Africa, although it is very rare in other groups in this country. A series of 110 affected children, investigated in an attempt to elucidate the pathogenesis of this condition, demonstrates an approximately equal sex incidence while geographic distribution is patchy. Bowing of the legs, which is symmetrical in 82% is usually the presenting feature and develops at the onset of ambulation. There is no preceding illness, either local or systemic, and no dietary inadequacy. The children do not differ from their peers in age of walking, weight or range of joint movements. There are no biochemical or hematological abnormalities and no radiographic evidence of involvement of joints other than the knees. Twenty-two of the patients had never been carried in the traditional "pick-a-back" position and it is therefore unlikely that this posture is a significant causative factor. The children had a total of 231 siblings, of whom 10 had bowlegs, while 16 parents had been similarly affected during their own infancy. On this basis, Mendelian dominant or recessive inheritance is unlikely although it is possible that Blount disease is multifactorial in etiology. PMID- 709941 TI - The strength of metal reinforced methylmethacrylate fixation of pathologic fractures. AB - Fixation of the pathological fracture in terminal patients has in the past added the trauma of an extensive surgical procedure to an already weakened patient. Intramedullary fixation with single and double rods in conjuction with polymethylmethacrylate have been compared to ascertain the effect of different loading conditions using torque and analysis under compression measurements of the strength of repair bone. Extensive intramedullary reaming can be avoided with polymethylmethacrylate. The cement effectively transmits the load from the proximal to the distal fragment. The single large rod method would be more desirable for stiffer bones while the double thin rod technique may be applicable to more flexible bones. PMID- 709944 TI - Cementum-like bone production in solitary bone cysts. (so-called "cementoma" of long bones). Report of three cases. Electron microscopic observations supporting a synovial origin to the simple bone cyst. AB - Three cases of simple bone cysts (S.B.C) in association with cementum-like bone production are reported. Analysis of our cases and the 2 previously reported in the literature as so-called cementomas has led us to conclude that the "cementoma" of long bone is not a distinct entity, but merely, a form of S.B.C. associated with a peculiar, poorly cellular form of bone which mimics tooth cementum by light microscopy only. Electron microscopic studies of this substance demonstrate collagen fibers and numerous matrix vesicles which form the initial sites of calcification. Matrix vesicles are a product of osteoblastic activity and are never found in the cementum of the tooth or oral cementum producing tumors. We also report the first ultramiscroscopic observations on the wall of the simple bone cyst and its lining. Two cell types constitute the lining, having features identical to those described for type A and type B synovial cells. Because of this new observation, we believe, the most reasonable explanation for the simple bone cyst is that it represents a congenital "rest" of synovial tissue displaced into the thin, cortical metaphyseal region of bones at the synovial capsularbone reflection. Its benign nature and slow growth would explain its discovery in early childhood and the marked preponderance of its proximal humerofemoral location dependent upon the fact that these 2 bones have the largest area of capsular to metaphyseal bone reflection. PMID- 709943 TI - An experimental model of osteogenesis: a closed in vivo culture system using diffusion chambers. AB - Part of young mouse radii were isolated and transplanted into an intraperitoneal Millipore diffusion chamber. The survival of the implants was followed for 22 days, using morphological criteria, and by autoradiography with tritiated thymidine. Periosteal cells and epiphyseal plate chondrocytes survived well for one to two weeks. DNA synthesis was noted up to the twenty-second day of culture. Osteogenetic cells proliferated well in transplants of shorter duration, but in the third week there was overgrowth by fibroblasts. The method seems well suited for the culture of osteogenetic cells as whole-bone pieces for at least one to two weeks. PMID- 709945 TI - Reply to "Acute effects of periosteal stripping and medullary reaming on regional bone blood flow". PMID- 709946 TI - Results of posterior iliopsoas transfer for hip instability caused by cerebral palsy. PMID- 709947 TI - The Terry-Thomas sign. PMID- 709948 TI - Congenital synostosis of the knee. AB - Three congenital synostoses of the knee occurred in 2 patients. Complete bony epiphyseal fusion was present on the radiographs. This condition is a failure of joint formation in the early mesenchymal stage at 4--5 weeks gestation and appears as connected cartilaginous cell masses which later ossify. Involvement of other joints has been reported in the literature, but these may be the first documented cases of the condition in knee joints. PMID- 709949 TI - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the ulna. AB - A 3-year-old boy developed an abnormality of the forearm and wrist characterized by asymmetrical overgrowth, premature ossification of the distal ulnar epiphysis, shortening of both bones of the forearm, dorsal bowing of the ulna and formation of an enlarged lunate from 2 ossification centers. The eccentric overgrowth of the distal ulnar epiphysis was similar to the abnormality seen in dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the long bones of the lower limbs, tarsal and carpal bones. PMID- 709950 TI - Supracondylar osteotomy in thalassemia. AB - The skeletal system manifestations of thalassemia are characterized by severe osteoporosis, frequent fractures and delayed healing. Permanent deformity and disability can complicate the fractures. Surgical correction of deformity by osteotomy of severely osteoporotic bone and immobilization without internal fixation was successful in a 20-year-old woman. While operative correction of deformity is not routinely recommended, the good experience with this case suggests that similar orthopedic procedures can be included in the treatment of thalassemia. PMID- 709951 TI - Proximal tibiofibular synostosis. AB - The occurrence of a proximal tibiofibular synostosis is indeed a rare condition with only 2 cases unassociated with other diseases reported to our knowledge to date. Two skeletally immature patients presented with a synostosis of the proximal tibiofibular region associated with shortening of the limb in the affected segments. Although the shortening and the synostosis seem interrelated no explanation of their relationship is evident from these 2 cases. PMID- 709952 TI - The multiple synostoses syndrome. A plea for simplicity. AB - Case reports are presented of a father and daughter suffering from what has formerly been called the Nievergelt-Pearlmansyndrome, and now termed "multiple synostoses syndrome." Features of the condition include: proximal symphalangism; tarsal and carpal coalitions; short first metacarpals and metatarsals; elbow fusions or dysplasias; conductive nerve deafness. This syndrome appears to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait of variable penetrance, and probably caused by a single gene abnormality. PMID- 709953 TI - Pain provoked scoliosis. Observations on the evolution of the deformity. AB - The case reports of 5 children with scoliosis provoked by painful vertebral lesions of osteoid osteoma and eosinophilic granuloma reveal that the final outcome of the deformity is determined by the interaction of 2 factors: the age of the child (in relation to his growth velocity); the duration of symptoms. Complete resolution in 2 children with scoliosis of 10 months' and one year's duration respectively, and partial regression of a curve which has been present for 6 years in another child draws attention to the fact that spontaneous correction of structural scoliosis can and does occur in a growing child. In the light of this and other evidence it is suggested that early idiopathic scoliosis could possess the potential for spontaneous correction. PMID- 709954 TI - Oxacillin induced neutropenia. A case report. AB - Oxacillin-induced neutropenia is reported in a 16-year-old boy being treated for osteomyelitis. The startling neutropenia developed after 20 days of 200 mg/kg/day of intravenous oxacillin. The neutropenia was not associated with symptoms and was rapidly reversible upon stopping the antibiotic. This reaction may happen with any of the betal lactam antibiotics and is believed to be a direct toxic effect on white cell precursors in the bone marrow. PMID- 709955 TI - Acquired os odontoideum. A case report. AB - A 7-year-old boy presented with os odontoideum after a 5 story fall at 19 months of age, at which time roentgenograms documented a normal odontoid. Current flexion-extension films revealed a marked altlantoaxial instability related to the acquired "os." The treatment consisted of an atlantoaxial arthrodesis. Acquired os odontoideum is a recognized, though uncommon entity in which it is hypothesized that trauma produces vascular insufficiency, with subsequent resorption of the central portion of the odontoid, resulting in the classical features of os odontoideum. It is often associated with instability, with potential danger to the spinal cord. Instability in cases of os odontoideum is a positive indication for atlantoaxial arthrodesis. PMID- 709956 TI - Autotransfusions in scoliosis surgery. Review of 20 Harrington fusions. AB - A significant blood loss during a Harrington fusion for scoliosis is usually replaced with homologous bank blood transfusion. To decrease the risk of potential severe complications for the patient, autotransfusions were used in 20 patients undergoing posterior spinal fusions for scoliosis. To have fresh blood at the time of surgery the previous stock was recirculated at each weekly session. The last of the 3 sessions was one week before surgery. The mean age was 17 years and 4 months. On average the hemoglobin before donation was 12.85 g, the volume donated 1455 ml, and the hemoglobin preoperatively 12.04 g. Blood loss averaged 1175.0 ml at surgery and 635.0 ml subsequently by vacuum drainage. Two days after operation the hemoglobin averaged 10.4 g. No complications related to transfusion occurred. Three patients received additional homologous blood. The rationale, modes, technique, value, and underutilization of autotransfusion are noteworthy. PMID- 709957 TI - Congenital calcifying hamartoma. A resolving lesion producing gastrocnemius contracture--report of a case. AB - An 18-month-boy developed a calcifying mass in the gastrocnemius muscle. The lesion presented on the day of birth and resolved completely within 5 months leaving only a fibrous cord replacing the medial head of the gastrocnemius. There were no facts in the history to suggest the etiology of this lesion. Calcification of a vascular hamartoma with subsequent fibrosis is proposed as a possible explanation. The benign course of this lesion is evidence of the value of conservative treatment. PMID- 709958 TI - Role of innominate osteotomy in the treatment of children with Legg-Perthes disease. AB - Innominate osteotomy is based on the supposition that coverage of the femoral capital epiphysis is necessary. The morbidity is minimal, early postoperative weight-bearing is permissible, even encouraged. No further evidence of deterioration of the contour of the hip joint appears following surgery. Prompt consolidation of the fragments may occur. In selected cases innominate osteotomy can provide a better prognosis than non-operative treatment. PMID- 709959 TI - Valgus slip of the capital femoral epiphysis. AB - Valgus slip of the capital femoral epiphysis, a rare entity which may be acute or chronic, occurred in a 12-year-old boy. The displacement may be associated with a pre-existing coxa valga. The patient also had a varus slip of the capital femoral epiphysis on the contralateral side. Both hips were successful treated by in situ pinning. A review of the English literature reveals only 8 previously reported cases of valgus slipping of the capital femoral epiphysis. Either valgus or lateral slips are unusual. PMID- 709960 TI - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A study of 50 cases in black children. AB - In 50 black children with 70 slipped capital femoral epiphyses, a satisfactory result was obtained in 87% of the hips. Chondrolysis developed in 6% of the hips, occurring only when there was persistent intraarticular protrusion of the transepiphyseal fixation device. The chondrolytic process resulted in a relatively painless fibrous ankylosis of each hip. Avascular necrosis developed in 7% of the hips, and occurred only in the presence of a valgus reduction of an acute slipped epiphysis. Each case of avascular necrosis was of the whole-head type and was severely progressive. Biplane subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy was employed as a reconstructive procedure in the severely-displaced slipped epiphysis; it was delayed until after epiphyseal plate closure, and restored satisfactory hip function in all cases. Black children are not predisposed to poor results after slipped capital femoral epiphysis contrary to a commonly held impression. PMID- 709961 TI - The hazards of tibial pin replacement in 90--90 skeletal traction. AB - Tibial pin placement and 90--90 traction may lead to serious knee difficulties. Not only proximal tibial epiphyseal insult, but also serious displacement of the tibia on the femur may occur. In light of these potential complications, distal femoral pin placement should always be preferable for 90--90 traction in treatment of fractured femurs in children. PMID- 709962 TI - [An autopsy case of probable syphilitic cerebral sinus thrombosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 709963 TI - [A family with progressive neural muscular atrophy--with special reference to relation with allied diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 709964 TI - [A case of compression of the optic nerve by a fusiform enlargement of the internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 709965 TI - [Computerized tomography in tuberous sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 709966 TI - [Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 709967 TI - [A big family of paralysis agitans (author's transl)]. PMID- 709968 TI - [A case of Millard-Gubler syndrome presenting pseudo-thalamic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 709969 TI - [Follow-up study of paraplegia in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 709970 TI - [Ocular bobbing (author's transl)]. PMID- 709971 TI - [A family of familial amyloidosis with cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal tract sign -clinical and genetic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 709972 TI - [A case of mirror writing due to a focal cerebral lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 709973 TI - [A case of scapuloperoneal dystrophy having "cartwheel fibers" (author's transl)]. PMID- 709974 TI - [Visual-verbal processing in color-naming disturbance (author's transl)]. PMID- 709975 TI - [Polygraphic studies on involuntary movements during sleep.--In cases of dystonia, choreo-athetosis & ballism (author's transl)]. PMID- 709976 TI - [A case of ocular myopathy associated with abnormal findings in computerized tomography of the brain and ischemic exercise test, & hypoacusis (author's transl)]. PMID- 709977 TI - [Idiopathic unilateral calcification of the basal ganglia (author's transl)]. PMID- 709978 TI - Vascular dynamics in liver scan "hot spot". PMID- 709979 TI - Nuclear anatomy of diversionary central nervous system shunts in children. AB - A simple method of demonstrating shunt morphology with 99m technetium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (99m Tc-DTPA) is described. The anatomic abnormalities are illustrated. Demonstration of the site of obstruction is useful in selecting the neurosurgical approach. The procedure is minimally invasive, accurate, and simple to interpret. PMID- 709980 TI - Detection of active bleeding from ruptured aortic aneurysm by emergency radionuclide angiography. AB - Radionuclide angiography of the abdominal aorta provides hemodynamic information of the kidneys, aorta and aneurysm as well as the location and extent of aneurysm. Visualization of early abnormal activity in the pelvic region simultaneously with iliac artery visualization is thought to be a specific finding of active bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 709981 TI - Radionuclide demonstration of relative increased blood flow in uniappendicular secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. AB - A rare case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HO) limited to one lower extremity is described in a male with a history of familial polyposis coli and bilateral aortofemoral grafts. The precise etiology remains unknown. Radiography depicted the HO, but 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate imaging showed more extensive involvement. An intra-aortic injection of 99m Tc-macroaggregates of albumin portrayed a larger blood flow to the involved limb compared to the contralateral extremity. The major part of this increase was in bone rather than in the adjacent soft tissue. PMID- 709982 TI - Adrenal scintigraphy in low renin essential hypertension. AB - Adrenal scintigraphy was performed on 23 patients with low renin essential hypertension (LREH). After baseline scintigraphy was shown not to be helpful, 13 of these 23 patients underwent dexamethasone suppression adrenal scintigraphy. Four adrenal imaging patterns were observed: unilateral imaging with adenoma; bilateral early or late imaging with hyperplasia; no uptake with normal adrenals. These imaging patterns were shown to be predictive of the individual patient's response to spironolactone administration of functional adrenal cortical abnormalities in LREH supplies direct evidence for the hypothesis that LREH has an adrenal mineralocorticoid etiology. PMID- 709983 TI - Splenic infarct associated with diaphragmatic eventration: case report illustrating the non-specificity of splenic focal defects. AB - The authors report a scintigraph of a 76-year-old man interpreted as being of a partially herniated spleen constricted by the diaphragm. The constriction proved illusory. PMID- 709984 TI - Unusual bone scan presentation in osteomalacia: symmetrical uptake--a suggestive sign. AB - Osteomalacia presents radiographically as deossification, coarsening of the trabecular pattern, and pseudofractures. Contrary to the usual bone scan manifestation of osteomalacia, consisting of a generalized increase in periarticular radionuclide accumulation and pronounced costochondral junctional uptake, this report describes an unusual bone scan presentation with negative radiographic studies showing only some deossification. Symmetric distribution of the focal lesions is considered a suggestive sign of osteomalacia. PMID- 709986 TI - 67Ga uptake in a dissecting retroperitoneal abscess. PMID- 709985 TI - Scintilymphangiography with 99 mTc-antimony sulfide colloid in hereditary lymphedema (Nonne-Milroy diseases). AB - A family of four patients suffering from Nonne-Milroy disease has been examined by pedal scintilymphangiography. Lower limb edema was present in three patients and was bilateral in two instances. Scintilymphangiographic abnormality was invariably present, ranging from almost total obstruction of lymphatic flow to lymphatic pooling. The inguinal, iliac and para-aortic nodes on the affected sides were also noted to be small and few in number. The examination is safe and simple and may be used to distinguish Nonne-Milroy edema from edema due to other causes. PMID- 709987 TI - Sebaceous cysts of the scalp presenting ad doughnut lesions on radionuclide brain imaging. PMID- 709988 TI - Enlarged portal vein causing abnormality on hepatic dynamic and static images. PMID- 709989 TI - Uptake of 67Ga citrate in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 709990 TI - "Increased blood flow on radionuclide cerebral flow studies in subdural hematoma". PMID- 709991 TI - Presidential address: "physician, heal thyself". PMID- 709992 TI - Anatomicoradiological correlations in cervical spine discal disease and stenosis. PMID- 709993 TI - Kinematics of the cervical spine. AB - This has been a review of some of the movements of the cervical spine. Much data remain to be accumulated and certainly much work must be done to evaluate the effect of forces in various directions upon these movements. Perhaps an improved understanding of these movements in association with an understanding of the pathogenesis of disc degeneration will enable us to better understand the development of spondylosis. Most important this review uncovers the fallacy of laying the blame for the development of cervical spondylosis solely at the door of increased or decreased mobility at certain area. Physical stress and tissue degeneration must be playing a significant role. PMID- 709994 TI - The treatment of unstable spinal fractures and dislocations. PMID- 709995 TI - Posterior surgical tactics for the neurological syndromes of cervical disc and spondylotic lesions. PMID- 709996 TI - Anterior operations for herniated cervical disc and for myelopathy. PMID- 709997 TI - Axial radiology of the lumbar spine. PMID- 709998 TI - Indications for spine fusions and techniques. PMID- 709999 TI - The application of biomechanics to the treatment of lumbar intervertebral joint derangements. PMID- 710000 TI - Infections of the spine. PMID- 710001 TI - Histological prediction of malignancy. PMID- 710002 TI - Where are we heading--heat and otherwise. PMID- 710003 TI - Immunotherapy of brain tumors--is there a future? PMID- 710004 TI - The contemporary role of chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant brain tumor. PMID- 710005 TI - Radiation therapy of malignant brain tumors. PMID- 710006 TI - Surgical therapy of primary malignant brain tumors. PMID- 710007 TI - Surgical approaches to intracranial and intraspinal arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 710008 TI - Parasellar tumors: variations on a theme. PMID- 710009 TI - Bone problems in meningiomas invading the base of the skull. PMID- 710010 TI - Localization and diagnosis of spinal cord tumors. PMID- 710011 TI - Metastatic spinal cord tumors. PMID- 710012 TI - Intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumors. PMID- 710013 TI - Microsurgical anatomy of the orbital apex and principles of transcranial orbital exploration. AB - Although many problems may present with unilateral proptosis, a careful clinical investigation can narrow the differential diagnosis to those problems which can be treated best by the neurosurgeon. The primary indication for transcranial exploration is when the pathological process is found to involve both the orbit and the cranial cavity as in all cases of optic nerve glioma, orbital meningioma, encephalocele, and some mucoceles, hemangiomas, aneurysmal bone cysts, and ossifying fibromas. Transcranial exploration may also be indicated for some tumors which crowd the orbital apex, such as, neurofibromas and osteomas; tumors in this location can be more widely exposed and safely dealt with by this route. A prime objective in these cases, however, must be preservation of function with a good cosmetic result. It is of equal importance to be aware that many conditions producing exophthalmos can be cured by direct orbital exploration, radiotherapy, or medical management. Malignant orbital tumors should never be exposed to the cranial cavity by transcranial exploration, whereas, radical exenteration may be curative in some carefully studied cases. Accuracy in clinical diagnosis and the proper selection of treatment modality for conditions in the orbit requires a clear understanding of this regional anatomy. I hope that this brief review of the pertinent microsurgical anatomy of the orbital apical region has helped to substantiate a strong neurosurgical claim to all primary optic nerve tumors; and, incidentally, I hope it provides an explanation for why I sent so many other patients back to Dr. Algernon Reese with the recommendation that transcranial surgery did not seem indicated. The success of this attitude may be attested to by the fact that we performed no unnecessary craniotomies nor did we pass by problems which would have best been treated by transcranial orbital exploration. PMID- 710014 TI - The maintenance of clinical competence, a personal view. PMID- 710015 TI - Causalgia. PMID- 710016 TI - Sympathectomy for vascular syndromes and hyperhidrosis of the upper extremities. PMID- 710017 TI - Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough theory. PMID- 710018 TI - Malpractice, neurosurgery--1977. An analysis of the AANS questionnaire. PMID- 710020 TI - The Washington scene. PMID- 710019 TI - The California scene. PMID- 710021 TI - Approaches to the incisura. PMID- 710022 TI - Parotid and whole saliva in the prediction of serum total and free phenytoin concentrations. PMID- 710023 TI - Role of aldosterone in the antihypertensive effect of spironolactone in essential hypertension. AB - In order to evaluate the relationship between aldosterone status and the blood pressure-lowering effect of spironolactone, 38 patients with essential hypertension were treated with spironolactone (400 mg/day) during one week in hospital on a rigidly sodium-restricted diet. The degree of hyperaldosteronism was assessed by the aldosterone secretory rate after 5 days of salt loading (315 mmol Na+/day). The mean arterial pressure decreased 5.6% (range, -21 to +8%). When the patients were divided into subgroups with low and normal renin activity, there was no difference in the change in mean arterial pressure (-5.0% and 6.1%). When the patients were divided into three groups with low, normal, and supranormal aldosterone secretory rates, the last group had a significantly greater fall in blood pressure after the spironolactone than the other groups ( 1.0, -7.1, -11.1%). Thus there was a correlation between the aldosterone secretory rate after sodium loading and the blood pressure-lowering effect of spironolactone (r = -0.53, p less than 0.01). The blood pressure-lowering effect was not related to changes in body weight, kidney function, or plasma electrolytes. Our findings do not provide solid arguments for the view that the blood pressure-lowering effect of high dose spironolactone is due to its antimineralocorticoid activity, but the correlation between the degree of hyperaldosteronism and the blood pressure-lowering effect strongly suggests that aldosterone does play a role in the genesis or maintenance of the hypertension in these patients. PMID- 710024 TI - Lidocaine and its active metabolites. AB - It has been shown that the antiarrhythmic and toxic effects of lidocaine may be in part dependent on its two active metabolites, monoethylglycylxylidide (MEGX) and glycylxylidide (GX). Presently available gas liquid chromatographic analytic methods require long and tedious steps or sophisticated equipment such as gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The assay method reported here with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography is rapid and allows accurate, precise determination of lidocaine, MEGX, and GX in biologic fluids. On the 3 patients studied extensively with the use of this assay, one patient had MEGX concentrations almost twice those of lidocaine. At 83% lidocaine potency, the contribution of MEGX in this patient was about 1.5 times that of lidocaine. The second patient studied on two consecutive days had a 20% increase in serum lidocaine concentration and an equivalent decrease in MEGX concentration on the second day. In the third patient lidocaine was stopped with a resulting half-life of 3.8 hr, which is consistent with previously reported values for patients on long-term lidocaine infusion. Urinary excretion of lidocaine and its metabolites is in agreement with previous work. These data suggest that much information still remains to be learned about the active metabolites of lidocaine as well as of lidocaine. PMID- 710025 TI - The predictable relationship between plasma levels and dose during chronic propranolol therapy. PMID- 710026 TI - Disposition of metformin (N,N-dimethylbiguanide) in man. AB - Kinetic parameters of metformin (N,N-dimethylbiguanide), an anti-diabetic reported to be associated with a lower number of episodes of lactic acidosis than phenformin, were determined in volunteers with normal renal function and in patients with different degrees of renal impairment. Drug in body fluids was measured by a highly specific and sensitive mass fragmentographic method, after the formation of a triazine derivative, obtained with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The half-life (t 1/2) for the elimination of drug from plasma after intravenous injection in 5 normal subjects (1.52 +/- 0.3 hr) (mean +/- SD) was shorter than that reported for phenformin by a similar assay method (7 to 15 hr). The mean t 1/2 in 5 renal patients was 4.94 +/- 1.11 hr, and a correlation was observed between t 1/2 of drug from plasma and creatinine clearance. After oral administration of metformin tablets, drug recovery in urines was only 37.6%, possibly not as a consequence of low bioavailability (a similar low recovery was found after oral administration of the metformin solution used for the intravenous studies), but of binding to the intestinal wall, as shown in animal and clinical studies with metformin and other biguanides. Metformin is rapidly eliminated through active secretion by the kidney (mean renal clearance, 440.8 ml/min)--it is neither metabolized nor protein bound in plasma. The very brief plasma t 1/2 makes significant cumulation, with a standard tid regimen, unlikely. These findings may help explain the lower incidence of toxic effects, particularly lactic acidosis, than after phenformin. PMID- 710027 TI - Protein binding of tolmetin. AB - The protein binding of the new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent tolmetin to human serum albumin (HSA) and to the plasma of 8 healthy subjects was studied by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees and pH 7.4 with 14C-tolmetin. Over the total concentration (Ct) range 3.0 to 28.7 microgram/ml (therapeutic range), the fraction of tolmetin unbound to 4% HSA was largely invariant at 0.3%. At 100 microgram/ml the unbound fraction rose to 0.8 and at 434 microgram/ml to 3.6%. Within the therapeutic concentration range, tolmetin binding to 0.4% HSA was reduced in accordance with the law of mass action and at Ct = 26.2 microgram/ml, 10.5% was free. Analysis of the 0.4% HSA data showed tolmetin had 3 classes of binding sites (n1 = 1, K1 = 8.3 X 10(5) M-1; n2 = 4, K2 = 2.4 X 10(4) M-1; n3 = 44, K1 = 7.9 X 10(1) M-1). By studying the binding to 0.4% HSA at 23 degrees, it was established that the free energy change in binding for the first two classes of sites was entirely entropic in nature. Albumin accounted for almost all the binding of tolmetin in human plasma. The effect of other drugs, the tolmetin metabolite McN 2987 (5-p-carboxybenzoyl-1-methylpyrrole-2-acetic acid), tryptophan, and oleic acid on tolmetin binding to 4% HSA was studied using ultrafiltration and 14C-tolmetin. Aspirin and salicyclic acid decreased tolmetin binding and a combination of aspirin and salicyclic acid exerted a synergistic displacing effect. Indomethacin and ibuprofen had no effect while phenylhbutazone and acetaminophen increased tolmetin binding slightly. Tolmetin binding was decreased slightly by McN 2987 and tryptophan and markedly increased by oleic acid. McN 2987 was not bound as extensively as tolmetin. Binding of 14C-tolmetin to the plasma of 4 arthritic patients was studied by ultrafiltration and found to be less than to normal plasma and 4% HSA. Distribution of tolmetin in the whole blood of 8 healthy subjects using a centrifugation technique showed that the drug was not taken up by red blood cells at therapeutic concentrations. PMID- 710028 TI - Naproxen-probenecid interaction. PMID- 710029 TI - Plasma levels of free and acid-labile hydralazine: effects of multiple dosing and of procainamide. PMID- 710031 TI - Advice to the Royal Commission on the task as they see it. 22nd Crookshank Lecture, 1978. PMID- 710030 TI - Diazepam concentrations in parotid saliva, mixed saliva, and plasma. PMID- 710032 TI - The role of radiology in the assessment of bladder cancer. AB - Bipedal lymphography and intravenous urography were carried out in 44 patients in an attempt to define the role of these procedures in the assessment of the patient with carcinoma of the bladder. Evidence of lymphatic involvement, even though unsupported by histological proof and a major abnormality on urography, conferred a worse prognosis than if these examinations were thought to be normal. Implications for therapy are considered. PMID- 710033 TI - Representative planes of dose distribution for intracavitary radiotherapy of cancer of the cervix. AB - Four different frontal planes have been evaluated for their usefulness in considering the dose distribution from intracavitary applications for carcinoma of the uterine cervix, in relation to the subsequent planning of supplementary external beam therapy. For the primary tumour and its immediate zone of direct invasion the most useful planes are those passing through the radioactive sources in the body of the uterus. Not one of the planes examined gave satisfactory information concerning the dose in the regional lymph node areas. In order to combine the dose distributions from intracavitary and supplementary external beam irradiation, it is found that every case must be considered individually, particularly in regard to the degree of anterversion or retroversion of the uterus. The dose in the lymph nodes may be calculated directly from coordinates determined by the authors, for each specific regional lymph node group. PMID- 710034 TI - Percutaneous needle biopsy in the management of solitary lesions of bone. AB - Needle biopsies were performed in 12 patients with solitary bone lesions, employing a simple 18 gauge cutting needle. Material sufficient for reliable diagnosis was obtained from eight of our 12 cases, thereby avoiding exploratory surgery. It is concluded that percutaneous needle biopsy of bone is a safe and simple procedure of value in the management of solitary lesions of bone. PMID- 710035 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses. AB - The authors investigated 31 patients suffering from benign and malignant lesions of the paranasal sinuses. Clinical, conventional radiological methods and computed tomography were used. In benign lesions CT added little significant information to that obtained by conventional radiological methods. In malignant lesions, however, CT provides additional valuable information. It gives a clear picture of the posterior, superior and orbital extent of paranasal tumours. It also shows the extent of the tumour into the infratemporal fossa. PMID- 710036 TI - Technetium 99Tcm pyrophosphate scanning in the assessment of the painful hip prosthesis. AB - Technetium 99Tcm pyrophosphate bone scans were done on 35 patients who complained of persistent hip following total hip replacement. The scans of six patients were normal and the symptoms of these patients either resolved (three) or greatly improved (three) without further treatment. Twenty-nine patients had abnormal scans. Seventeen of these were due to infection or loosening of the prosthesis. Paget's disease of bone, protrusion of the prosthesis and heterotopic ossification also caused scan abnormalities. These causes could not be distinguished from one another on the scan. A radiograph of the hip is essential for interpreting the scan correctly. Scanning of the painful hip prosthesis helps to detect patients in whom serious complications are present or are likely to develop. PMID- 710037 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the upper oesophagus. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the upper one-third of the oesophagus is an uncommon entity. A review of the literature reveals 20 reported cases. This paper reports an additional case. The lesion may arise from oesophageal glands, foci of ectopic gastric mucosa, or a Barrett's oesophagus. In contrast with squamous cell carcinomas submucosal spread is not prominent; however, transverse penetration through the oesophageal wall is common. The prognosis is grave. Treatment modalities that have been employed include supportive care, surgery alone, pre operative radiation therapy and surgery and radiation therapy alone. Survival statistics produced by these various regimens are similar. There is little documented evidence for the radioresponsiveness of primary adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The case described demonstrates marked tumour regression following a course of external radiotherapy as shown by serial oesophagrams. Optimum treatment for adenocarcinoma of the upper oesophagus remains to be determined. It is felt that the role of radiation therapy should be further evaluated. PMID- 710038 TI - Correlations between duodenal loop size and external body measurements. AB - Measurements of the area, height and width of duodenal loops in male and female controls were correlated with their body height, weight, surface area, lean body mass and adjusted body surface area in order to assess the possibility of predicting loop size from body habitus. In male subjects the most marked correlations were between bodyweight and loop area (r = 0.58) and between true body surface area and loop area (r = 0.57). No relationship was observed between the size of the duodenal loop and body size in females. PMID- 710039 TI - Transient small bowel intussusception in adult coeliac disease. AB - Considerable disagreement exists in the literature concerning the occurrence and incidence of transient non-obstructive intussusception in adult coeliac disease. Only a few case reports have been published and several standard texts do not mention the association at all. We report six adult patients, all with coeliac disease, who demonstrated transient non-obstructive intussusception on small bowel meal examination. The technique of the small bowel meal and the radiological signs of malabsorption are briefly described. The literature is reviewed and reasons for the disagreement herein are discussed. We conclude that the incidence of finding intussusception in adult coeliac disease is related to the intensity of searching and in our series this association was seen in at least 20% of cases. It is considered to be an additional radiological sign of coeliac disease although in no case did it occur in the absence of other prominent radiological evidence of malabsorption. PMID- 710040 TI - Calcified meconium in the newborn. AB - Six neonates are described in whom plain films of the abdomen demonstrated scattered flecks of calcification. Three of the patients had rectal atresia with recto-urethral fistula, one rectal atresia without fistula, one jejunal atresia and one a severe stenosis of the distal small bowel associated with log segment aganglionosis. At operation the calcification was found to be in meconium within the bowel lumen and not as expected to represent serosal plaques following meconium peritonitis due to an intrauterine bowel perforation. Previous case reports are reviewed and possible mechanism discussed. PMID- 710041 TI - Radiology of the gastrointestinal abnormalities seen in patients with adult hepatorenal polycystic disease. AB - A review of 97 patients with adult hepatorenal polycystic disease (AHRPD) revealed a significant number of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as the initial or primary manifestation of their disease. The typical appearance of the gastrointestinal barium examinations is presented. PMID- 710042 TI - Plain film analysis in sigmoid volvulus. PMID- 710043 TI - The hysterographic diagnosis of stromal endometriosis. AB - The hysterographic appearances in three histologically verified cases of stromal endometrosis are presented. Interpretation of the unusual radiographic findings on the basis of uterine pathology is attempted. Little is known about the preoperative diagnosis of the disease. A triad of uterine enlargement, endometrial stromal hyperplasia with few or no glands in the curettings and unusual hysterographic findings strongly suggests a diagnosis of stromal endometriosis. PMID- 710044 TI - The role of computerised tomography in the diagnosis and management of intracranial abscess. AB - A retrospective study has been undertaken of patients with intracerebral abscess and subdural empyema. Computerised tomography (CT) offers a rapid, non-invasive mode of diagnosis with accurate localisation and assessment of multiplicity of lesions. We propose that early diagnosis and correctly timed surgical intervention has lessened the mortality rate. CT allows for easy follow-up of patients and has allowed us in one case, to treat an inaccessible abscess conservatively. PMID- 710045 TI - The phlebographic demonstration of venous thrombosis occurring during the treatment of scoliosis. AB - The application of plaster casts to the trunk plays an important part in the management of severe scoliosis. The edge of these casts may impair venous drainage from the limbs and predispose to thrombosis, as in the three illustrative cases. A further case shows the possibility of a pelvic halo ring device causing similar venous compression. Steps should be taken to prevent this venous impingement from occurring, both at the time of case application and afterwards. PMID- 710047 TI - Excretion of urea by the foetal guinea pig. AB - 1. The placental transfer of urea was studied by perfusing the guinea-pig foetal placenta in situ with dextran solutions containing various amounts of urea, and radioactively labelled urea. 2. Transfer of urea was linearly related to the difference in concentration between the maternal and the foetal sides of the placenta, but transfer in both directions across the placenta was equal when the concentration of urea in the perfusing fluid was 2.5--3.5 mmol/l less than the maternal arterial value. This suggested that urea may be transferred against a concentration gradient. 3. Foetal plasma urea concentrations were found to be 0.5 mmol/l less than the maternal, suggesting that active transfer from the foetal circulation to the maternal can occur. However, because of the close relationship between foetal and maternal plasma urea (r = 0.96), it is concluded that the major control of foetal urea concentrations is by diffusion of urea between maternal and foetal extracellular fluids. PMID- 710046 TI - Soft tissue changes in early rheumatoid arthritis as seen on xeroradiography and non-screen radiographs. AB - Forty-seven patients with early or newly established rheumatoid arthritis were studied with non-screen radiography and xerography. Estimations of soft tissue swelling, bone erosion and cysts were made by two observers and the results compared between observers and the two types of imaging. The results indicate no significant advantage or disadvantage in xerographic imaging compared with non screen radiographs in the identification of superficial soft tissue swelling and bone erosions. More cysts were, however, identified on the radiographs. In a previous anatomical study of the dissected hand, xerography showed definite advantages in the detection of certain features. PMID- 710048 TI - Effect of prolactin on glomerular filtration rate. AB - 1. The effect of infusion of ovine prolactin was studied in anaesthetized dogs pretreated with bromocryptine to reduce the release of endogenous prolactin. 2. Prolactin, injected intravenously and also directly into one kidney, resulted in a 12--18% increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by both kidneys. 3. This increased GFR was not associated with any demonstrable changes in whole-kidney blood flow, distribution of intrarenal blood flow, fractional excretion of sodium or osmolar or free-water clearance. 4. We conclude that ovine prolactin produced an increase in GFR not dependent on an increase in whole-kidney plasma flow. PMID- 710049 TI - Effect of acute ethanol administration on liver oxidative capacity in rats. AB - 1. The administration of a single oral dose of 2, 3, 4 or 5 g of ethanol/kg (43.5, 65.2, 87.0 or 108.7 mmol/kg respectively) to rats increases the rate of oxygen consumption by liver slices from animals killed 24--48 h later. 2. The increase in the rate of hepatic respiration can be blocked by incubation in a medium containing ouabain, an inhibitor of the sodium pump, or in a calcium-free medium. 3. The enhancement of oxygen uptake caused by a single dose of ethanol can be abolished by adrenalectomy or by prior administration of the alpha adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine, and is markedly less in thyroidectomized animals. 4. It is suggested that the effect which is elicited by acute ethanol administration on respiration by liver slices is mediated by adrenaline and by throid hormones, both of which appear to exert a calorigenic effect by activation of the sodium pump. The results are discussed in relation to the changes in liver oxidative capacity induced by chronic alcohol ingestion. PMID- 710050 TI - Effect of a surgically created side-to-side arteriovenous fistula on heat elimination from the human hand and forearm: evidence for a critical role of venous resistance in determining fistular flow. AB - 1. In eight patients with a unilateral fistula between the radial artery and a nearby superficial vein, heat elimination from both hand and forearm, as measured by calorimetry, was always substantially greater on the side of the fistula (a mean excess from hand-plus-forearm 889 J/min). 2. Fistular blood flow measured by hand-plus-forearm plethysmography in these patients averaged 431ml/min. Correlation between fistular blood flow and heat elimination was poor (r = 0.70, P less than 0.06), probably because heat elimination due to the fistula takes place mainly from veins, whose pattern varies from patient to patient. 3. Approximately half of the total increased heat elimination due to the fistula is from the hand. Occlusion of the circulation to the hand caused fistular flow rate to be reduced by about half. This suggests that the main resistance to fistular is venous, proximal veins offering a similar resistance to distal veins. 4. The obligatory heat loss due to fistula is unlikely to embarrass temperature regulation, except in severe cold stress. PMID- 710051 TI - Identification of a delivery-related influence on proximal tubular reabsorption during expansion with hyperoncotic albumin in the rat. PMID- 710052 TI - Hepatic elimination of renin in man. AB - 1. Hepatic elimination of renin was measured in 10 well-compensated cardiac patients with normal liver function during a control period and during a period of reduced hepatic plasma flow, induced by physical exercise (seven patients) or intravenous infusion of lysine vasopressin (three patients). 2. Hepatic renin elimination rate (hepatic plasma flow x arterial-hepatic vein difference of plasma renin activity) was found to be linearly correlated with arterial plasma renin activity (r = 0.986, P less than 0.001). 3. When hepatic plasma flow fell by 45% the hepatic extraction ratio of renin (arterial-hepatic vein plasma renin activity difference/arterial plasma renin activity) increased by 75%. Hepatic renin clearance (hepatic plasma flow x extraction ratio) remained constant. 4. The results indicate that changes in the hepatic elimination rate of renin do not contribute to changes in plasma renin activity during these events. PMID- 710053 TI - Effects of chronic renal insufficiency and metabolic acidosis on glutamine metabolism in man. AB - 1. Arterial concentration and arterial-venous differences of glutamine across the kidney, forearm, hepato-splanchnic bed and brain were measured in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and in patients with normally functioning kidneys before and during chronic ammonium chloride acidosis. 2. In chronic renal insufficiency and in chronic metabolic acidosis there is a rise in glutamine release from the muscles and a suppression of glutamine uptake by the hepato splanchnic bed and the brain. 3. In chronic renal insufficiency arterial glutamine concentrations is significantly increased in comparison with subjects with normal renal function and either normal acid-base balance or chronic metabolic acidosis. 4. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency the kidney extracts negligible amounts of glutamine, which cannot account for the renal ammonia production measured in the same patients. PMID- 710054 TI - Biliary excretion of dibromosulphthalein in the freely moving unanaesthetized rat: circadian variation and effects of deprivation of food and pentobarbital anaesthesia. PMID- 710056 TI - Tracing the fate of oxygen consumed during phagocytosis by human neutrophils with 15O2. AB - 1. The metabolism of oxygen by phagocytosing neutrophils was traced by using 15O2. 2. The isotope did not exchange with the incubation medium or cells to an appreciable extent and unmetabolized oxygen was readily eluted by gassing the cell suspension. 3. The polarographic measurements of oxygen consumption closely paralleled the recovery of metabolized 15O2. 4. Almost all the metabolized 15O2 was converted into water, both in the presence and absence of KCN, supporting the concept that the oxygen consumed by neutrophils is converted into H2O2. It is unlikely that an appreciable proportion of this oxygen is incorporated into the organic composition of the cell or of the ingested micro-organism. PMID- 710055 TI - Adenine and adenosine metabolism in intact erythrocytes deficient in adenosine monophosphate-pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase: a study of two families. PMID- 710057 TI - Minimal brain dysfunction in children. PMID- 710058 TI - Pancreatic abscesses. PMID- 710059 TI - Ultrasound in clinical practice. PMID- 710060 TI - Chronic hepatitis. PMID- 710061 TI - The amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome. PMID- 710062 TI - Biofeedback training for stress diseases. PMID- 710063 TI - Indications for thyroid surgery. PMID- 710064 TI - Early warning signs of alcoholism. PMID- 710065 TI - Child abuse training: a community-based interdisciplinary program. AB - In the area of child abuse, a scarce resource is trained personnel. This paper describes a training program focusing on the need for individuals representing diverse disciplines to work together. Subjects discussed are the rationale and the organization process for a multidisciplinary, community-based training program; the formulation of the educational experience and the curriculum; evaluation measures; and the implementation of the program in a typical site. Various activities related to child abuse have been initiated in communities where training has occurred. Plans are to provide more intensive training in the treatment area for those professionals trained so far. PMID- 710066 TI - Peer review in community mental health. AB - The paper discusses the medical origins of the peer review legislation and its adaptation to community mental health. Three models of peer eview are presented which could be used in community mental health centers. They are the problem model, the sequential model, and the Psychiatric Utilization Review and Evaluation Project (PURE) model. All three require a review of records by a committee of respected clinical staff, regardless of profession. PMID- 710067 TI - Multimodal outpatient group treatment for the psychiatrically disabled. AB - Outpatient clinics gradually accumulate patients with longstanding disabilities. The traditional treatment approach is to see such patients in brief, intermittent, individual visits. Staff generally dislikes treating such patients and patients may, in part, maintain their symptoms in order to maintain ties with a nurturing institution. The experience with an alternative approach, weekly group meetings using a number of helping modalities, is described. Although no panacea, the approach appears to provide a reasonably effective, efficient, and enjoyable way of helping chronically disabled patients. PMID- 710068 TI - Design considerations for community mental health management information systems. AB - Many community mental health centers are presently faced with the necessity of implementing a management information system. This article offers guidelines for centers dealing with this situation. Whether a center chooses to adapt an existing system or develop one of its own, careful planning prior to the implementation of the system can help ensure that it will meet the needs of the center and operate successfully. The guidelines are organized into the categories of data considerations, people considerations, and system considerations. The first two categories are of general interest, whereas the last category is more technical in nature. PMID- 710069 TI - The acces system: a procedure for evaluating children's services at community mental health centers. AB - This paper describes the efforts made by one community mental health center to develop a system of program evaluation for children's treatment services. The approach described has the capability of objectively assessing (1) patterns of utilization of children's services; (2) satisfaction with services as well as the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services; and (3) the quality of children's mental health services as measured by the attainment of individualized treatment goals. A rationale for the development of this system as well as a description of the modifications and automatization of the procedure are included. By way of illustration, initial results are presented which pertain to 500 goals written for 208 child clients receiving treatment within any one of three of the center's child direct-service programs. PMID- 710070 TI - Referral preferences among the mental health professions. AB - A questionnaire presenting two clinical cases with questions about a diagnosis, type of treatment, and whether the respondent would treat or refer the person was administered to pastoral counselors, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatrists. Psychiatrists tend to see the most and social workers the least pathology in the cases. Psychiatrists see the least need for a psychometric evaluation, but no difference was found concerning need for a neurological examination. The majority prefer to treat the "neurotic" case, whereas there was an almost equal tendency to refer the "phychotic" case. Social workers most prefer to treat and pastoral counselors to refer the "psychotic" case. Overall, social workers refer the most, pastoral counselors the least. Credibility as referral source is ranked as follows: psychiatry, psychology, social work, counselors (both pastoral and marriage, family and child), with laymen ranking lowest. Rankings of credibility and effectiveness as referral sources are highly correlated. Furthermore, the more effective and credible a professional group, the supply of such persons is seen as ample. PMID- 710071 TI - How evaluation findings can be integrated into program decision making. AB - The paper describes difficulties in integrating the findings of research and evaluation studies back into the ongoing process of decision making. The paper suggests how to present information in such a way as to improve its intellectual understandability and to decrease affective resistances to the acceptance of new information. The paper also describes common blocks that are met in the attempt to implement recommendations and describes methods to overcome them. PMID- 710072 TI - A client satisfaction survey as one element in evaluation. AB - Surveys and interviews were conducted with clients and former clients of units of a large mental health and mental retardation authority as part of an evaluation of the agency. Both clients and former clients reported overall satisfaction with services. Highest percent of dissatisfaction was reported toward operating hours of the agency. Results of the survey were compared with those from similar investigations and conclusions drawn as to why clients are inclined to give favorable ratings to services. PMID- 710074 TI - Reflections on health care in China: lessons for the West. PMID- 710073 TI - The journal: Comparative Medicine East and West. PMID- 710075 TI - Together with the farmers: social and rural medicine in Japan. AB - Japan emerged from feudalism a century ago. Farmers comprise 20 percent of the population of 110 million. The agricultural cooperative movement sponsors 118 hospitals in rural areas. Of these, the Saku Central Hospital is the largest, and provides leadership to a vigorous rural health movement. Its unique outreach program and its contributions to rural health are described, together with remarks about Japan's health situation generally. There may be lessons here for America. PMID- 710076 TI - Transcultural aspects of psychiatric patients in Qatar. AB - The illness behaviour of Qatari psychiatric patients is defined by the nature of their symptomatology. The importance of somatic symptoms in determining the patient role and patient-doctor relationship is discussed in the light of cultural characteristics of the Qatari community. Delusory cultural beliefs related to possession, sorcery and envy provide a conceptual framework for explanation of many disorders. Inter-generational conflict is an important factor in neurotic disorders. Failure to report symptoms in an abstract fashion is characteristic of qatari patients. The cultural and religious heritage absorbs many behaviours which would otherwise be considered symptomatic of psychiatric disorder. PMID- 710077 TI - The 14-MeV neutron activation analysis of Chinese medicines for protein, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents. AB - Elementary form of nitrogen (protein), phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contained in sixty-six different kinds of Chinese medicines were analyzed by means of 14-MeV neutron activation technique. The % contents of these elements in Chinese medicines range from 4.1 to 38.6% (average: 12.7%) for protein, 0.1 to 10.5% (average: 1.3%) for phosphorus, 1.6 to 13.8% (average 4.5%) for potassium and 0.1 to 2.5% (average: 0.5%) for magnesium. The procedure proves to be quite precise and potentially quite accurate, while only requiring about 20 minutes per sample. The methods of determining the elements are described. PMID- 710078 TI - Primary health care: an international perspective. PMID- 710079 TI - Endorphin release: a possible mechanism of acupuncture analgesia. AB - The action of acupuncture stimulation on analgesia has been investigated. The brain and serum extracts of acupunctured rabbits injected into rabbits produced a marked analgesic effect on the recipient, as shown by a great increase of their pain threshold. This effect is counteracted by a specific opiate anatagonist, naloxone. The data suggest that the release of the endogenous substances with morphine-like biological properties, endorphins, is increased by acupuncture stimulation, thus inhibiting pain perception. PMID- 710080 TI - Physiological effects of stimulation at acupuncture loci: a review. AB - Recent studies reporting significant physiological effects associated with electrical and manual stimulation at several traditional Chinese acupuncture loci are reviewed. Other reports on the anatomy and electrical properties (DC resistance and potential, AC impedance) of these sites indicate that many are significant local skin resistance minima and may also be points of locally more positive DC potential. Further investigation of the basic properties of the acupuncture system and its mode of action is fully warranted by these preliminary findings. PMID- 710081 TI - Computer-assisted measurement of replicon autoradiograms. PMID- 710082 TI - A computer-aided technique for the generation of a 3-D finite element model of a vertebra. PMID- 710083 TI - Clinical laboratory data processing with a central hospital computer. PMID- 710084 TI - A simple computerized method for generation of dichotic tapes. PMID- 710085 TI - Technical aspects of CT scanning. AB - The advent of computed tomography (CT) has initiated a technological revolution which continues to the present time. A brief review of basic principles of CT scanning is presented, and the evolution of modern CT scanner systems is traced. Some early indications of future trends are also presented. PMID- 710086 TI - Anatomic and pathologic correlations with computerized tomography. AB - Material familiar to the pathologist is reviewed from the view point of confirming and extending the diagnostic utility of computerized tomography. Pathological examples of variations in ventricular shape, acute hydrocephalus and obstruction of arachnoid villi are cited. Calcification in basal ganglia and periventricular leukomalacia are illustrated. Acute traumatic hemorrhage and hemorrhagic necrosis of the visual cortex are shown. PMID- 710087 TI - Radionuclide brain imaging--its role and relation to CT scanning. AB - Separate CNS disease entities are discussed with either the complementary or exclusive indications for radionuclide brain imaging and computerized cranial tomography. Either modality alone has a potential overall precision somewhat in excess of 90% in the localization of cerebral lesions with the effectiveness of each modality differing according to the histology and anatomic location of the lesion. Most investigators agree that the combined application of the two procedures is far superior to their separate use. Routine dynamic isotope studies are essential and in addition, new radiopharmaceuticals and technological advances may improve the radionuclide evaluation of CNS disease. Areas discussed include: primary and secondary CNS neoplasms; acute cerebrovascular accidents; arteriovenous malformations; traumatic cerebrovascular disease; hydrocephalus and dementia; and intracranial inflammatory processes. PMID- 710088 TI - CT diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders--a review. AB - During the past few years CT has emerged as an unsurpassed diagnostic modality in cerebrovascular disease. CT is of limited value in TIA, but reveals a wide variety of findings in completed infarcts. Ischemic, petechial, and hemorrhagic infarcts can be distinguished. Contrast enhancement, varying with the age of the infarct, is frequent. Also the general density of the infarct varies with time. Differential diagnosis, primarily infarct vs tumor, is made by angiography or by followup CT scans. Saccular aneurysms are directly demonstrable by CT if larger than 0.5 cm in diameter. Sequelae of ruptured aneurysm--hematoma, hydrocephalus, ischemia--are consistently visible. This generally also applies to arteriovenous malformations. Angiography is necessary to clarify anatomical details of aneurysms and vascular malformations, and is often indispensable for differential diagnosis. PMID- 710089 TI - CT scanning in traumatic and emergency patients. AB - In emergency cases and traumatic head cases, CT scanning has completely changed the diagnostic method and angiography can in most cases be avoided. Not only can a proper diagnosis be set concerning intracranial bleedings or hematomas of different kinds but also additional information which earlier with help of angiography were not available can now be diagnosed. The article discusses the principles for using CT scanning as a diagnostic method in traumatic and emergency patients and discusses also the limitations and benefits with this method compared with angiography. PMID- 710090 TI - The blood-brain barrier: its role in contrast studies. AB - The concept of a blood-brain barrier includes overlapping control mechanisms which work together to produce a constant microenvironment. Most important is the barrier to macromolecule passage located in cerebral capillary endothelium. Many drugs bound to proteins cannot pass this obstruction. Also important are membrane properties shared by all living cells. Lipid soluble molecules pass cell membranes easily; water soluble and ionized molecules do not. Other components include selective ion regulation, facilitated sugar transport, and resorption by the choroid plexus. The bulk flow of cerebrospinal fluid washes all solutes, and even particulate debris, from the system. PMID- 710091 TI - Craniocerebral computed tomography in the neonate. AB - Craniocerebral computed tomography (CT) is an extremely important component of the armanentarium for diagnosis of neurological disorders in the neonate. The indications, techniques, normal anatomy, and pathologic abnormalities of CT scans in newborn infants are presented. Hydrocephalus and intracranial hemorrhage are discussed in depth. PMID- 710092 TI - CT diagnosis of intracranial cystic abnormalities in children. AB - The introduction of computed axial tomography has been of tremendous importance in the evaluation of intracranial pathology in children. The broad spectrum of cystic intracranial lesions of congenital, infectious, traumatic, vascular and neoplastic origin are discussed. Their CT findings, pathology and pathogenesis are emphasized. PMID- 710093 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of sella and parasella lesions: the value of sagittal and coronal reconstructions. AB - A method is described whereby contiguous, thin-section (3 mm) axial CT scans are obtained followed by computer manipulation of the data to reconstruct good quality images in sagittal and coronal planes. The application of this technique in the evaluation of sella and parasella abnormalities is discussed. In our experience, this has resulted in an increased sensitivity of CT scanning for the detection of abnormalities around the sella. In addition, it has been possible to more accurately define the true extrasella extension of pituitary tumors. PMID- 710094 TI - Midline angio-tomography of the posterior fossa. AB - Interpretation of the angiographic findings in posterior fossa angiography can be improved by a simple angiotomographic device which gives a midline tomography of the posterior fossa. Especially the vessels around the brain stem and close to the midline can be well seen and this is especially helpful with lesions in the brain stem and the anterior part of the posterior fossa. A few examples are given of midline angiotomography which demonstrates the advantages of this technique. PMID- 710095 TI - Contact dermatitis in Salvador, Brazil. AB - In Salvador, Brazil, 536 patients were patch tested with 24 contact allergens. The most common sensitizers included potassium dichromate, thimerosal, hydroquinone, nitrofurazone ointment and nickel sulfate. The results of this South American study are compared with those published by North American and European dermatologists. Low frequencies of positive reactions were encountered in Salvador to some substances, including mercury bichloride and p phenylenediamine. The influences of climate and life style in determining patterns of contact sensitivity are discussed. PMID- 710097 TI - Immunological activity of parthenin and its diasteriomer in persons sensitized by Parthenium hysterophorus L. AB - Persons suffering from allergic dermatitis caused by direct contact with Parthenium hysterophorus (Compositae) showed delayed immunologic reaction to the sesquiterpene lactone parthenin but not to its diasteriomer, hymenin. PMID- 710096 TI - Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. AB - Toothpaste flavors are fragrance mixtures. Oil of peppermint and spearmint, carvone and anethole are ingredients with a low sensitizing potential, but they are used in almost every brand of toothpaste and caused seven cases of contact allergy in a 6-year period at Gentofte Hospital. Toothpaste reactions are rare due to several reasons; local factors in the mouth, the low sensitizing potential of the flavors generally used, and the lack of recognition. It is emphasized that the toothpaste battery for patch testing has to be relevant and changed according to the consumers' and manufacturers' taste and fashion. PMID- 710098 TI - Sensitizing capacity of naturally occurring quinones. V. 2.6-dimethoxy-p benzoquinone: occurrence and significance as a contact allergen. AB - 2.6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone has already been discovered in more than 25 different plants and woods. Several authors have shown its strong bacteriostatic activity against micro-organisms. In 1972 a positive skin reaction to 2.6 dimethoxybenzoquinone was obtained in a patient allergic to Sucupira wood (Bowdichia nitida Benth.). This compound could be isolated from the wood. During the chemical investigations of other commercial woods which have been described as the cause of allergic contact dermatitis, 2.6-dimethoxybenzoquinone could be isolated from an additional 21 different species. In the case of Australian blackwood Acacia melanoxylan R.BR., its structure was elucidated by x-ray analysis. Sensitization of guinea pigs revealed that 2.6-dimethoxybenzoquinone is a relatively good sensitizer. In some of the woods investigated, quinones have never been discovered before, for example in Makore, Australian blackwood, Wenge, White wood, Afrormosia and Afzelia. In 10 of them only this quinone was detectable. Besides its allergenic properties, 2.6-dimethoxybenzoquinone may be responsible for the high termite resistance of these woods. In all cases of contact dermatitis from these wood species in which quinoid allergens other than 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone could be detected, this quinone should be used for patch tests. PMID- 710099 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from chromate in military textiles. AB - Two cases with allergic contact dermatitis from chromate in green military uniform sweater and pants are described. Chemical analysis showed that water soluble chromate was released from a uniform even after repeated washings. PMID- 710100 TI - Purpuric allergic contact dermatitis to paraphenylenediamine. AB - A 59-year-old saleswoman of black hats presented with a severe purpuric eruption of the exposed areas of the face, neck and arms. Patch testing to paraphenylenediamine produced a purpuric test reaction. Similar eruptions have been reported due to N-isopropyl-N-phenylparaphenylenediamine (IPPD), a rubber antioxidant. The patient had previous dermatitis underneath the elastic portions of her undergarments. It was determined that IPPD is added to elastic material used in some elastic trim on undergarments in the United States. This relationship is discussed. PMID- 710101 TI - Contact urticaria. PMID- 710102 TI - Patch testing with lanolin. PMID- 710103 TI - Contact sensitivity to phenylbutazone ointment (Butazolidine). PMID- 710104 TI - Contact urticaria and dermatitis to citraconic anhydride in guinea pigs. PMID- 710106 TI - Sensitivity to variegated ivy (Hedera canariensis). PMID- 710105 TI - Erythema multiforme associated with a contact dermatitis to terpenes. PMID- 710107 TI - Diphenyl guanidine in rubber hoses. PMID- 710109 TI - Synthetic alpha-methylene-gammabutyrolactone, immunological activity. PMID- 710108 TI - Allergic rhinitis from diphenyl guanidine. PMID- 710110 TI - Contact urticaria and anaphylaxis from aminophenazone. PMID- 710111 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to polidocanol (Thesit). PMID- 710112 TI - Breast cancer today--bright searchlights and old riddles. PMID- 710113 TI - Current trends in surgery for breast cancer. PMID- 710114 TI - The therapy of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 710115 TI - Radiation therapy as initial treatment for breast cancer: is mastectomy necessary? PMID- 710116 TI - Breast reconstruction following ablation for cancer. PMID- 710117 TI - Surgical grand rounds from Yale-New Haven Hospital: trends in surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis. PMID- 710118 TI - What are we teaching when we teach human sexuality? PMID- 710119 TI - The future shape of health care. PMID- 710120 TI - The British national health service reorganization--1974 strategy for change or survival? PMID- 710121 TI - Principles of national health plan. PMID- 710122 TI - Consumer price index. PMID- 710123 TI - Peer review: a Maryland case. PMID- 710124 TI - Blood loss: the early killer of the multiple system injury victim. PMID- 710125 TI - Diabetes mellitus, primary optic atrophy and sensorineural deafness: a rare syndrome. PMID- 710127 TI - Radiologic investigation of hepatic metastasis. PMID- 710126 TI - Dietary goals--dreams and reality. PMID- 710129 TI - Psychiatric liaison nursing at Yale-New Haven Hospital. PMID- 710128 TI - Medical Grand Rounds from the Dempsey Hospital of the University of Connecticut. Iatrogenic liver disease. INH hepatitis. PMID- 710130 TI - Unnecessary surgery: how to create it. PMID- 710131 TI - Reflections from the Dean's office. Bureaucrats inside and out. PMID- 710132 TI - About homosexualism. PMID- 710133 TI - Non-vasoactive renal hormones. PMID- 710134 TI - Kinetics of PTH metabolism and PTH fragments in chronic renal failure. AB - Distribution and metabolic degradation of bPTH was studied in man after infusion of 400 U bPTH and blood sampling up to 2h. Disappearance rates of intact 1-84 bPTH, carboxyl- and amino-regional peptides were calculated for healthy subjects (n = 12); patients suffering from moderate (GFR 15--30 ml/min, n = 4) and advanced (GFR less than or equal to 10 ml/min, n = 36) chronic renal failure; and bilateral nephrectomized patients (n = 3). Two components with a rapid and a slow disappearance rate can be separated ("distribution", "metabolism"). Half-lives are found to be in the range known from animal experiments with marked differences between intact 1-84 PTH and peptide fragments. Influence of impaired renal function on metabolic turnover rates of PTH is given. PMID- 710135 TI - Skeletal resistance to the calcemic action of parathyroid hormone: role of the kidney and vitamin D. PMID- 710136 TI - Humoral control by the kidney of intestinal transport to sodium. AB - The impairment of water and sodium absorption by the jejunum following an acute saline load depends on the dietary balance of sodium, the mucosa-to-serosa unidirectional flux of this ion being modulated by a direct effect of the changes in blood concentration and by a humoral material of renal origin which itself is released as a consequence of either chronic or acute sodium loading. A possible interference of mineralocorticosteroids, angiotensin or antidiuretic hormone seems to be excluded. A positive correlation exists between mucosa-to-serosa sodium flux and glucose absorption. The kidney controls the exchanges of sodium and water in the jejunum as well as in the kidney itself by the way of an endocrine function. PMID- 710137 TI - Dopamine-sodium relationship: is dopamine a part of the endogenous natriuretic system? AB - A possible role of DA as an endogenous natriuretic hormone was reviewed under three aspects: (1) its excretion in response to saline vs. albumin-induced volume expansion, (2) the origin of urinary free DA and (3) urinary free DA excretion in an unexplained salt-retaining condition, idiopathic edema. We have shown (1) that the urinary free DA excretion increase in response to saline is specifically related to salt and does not occur when the same degree of volume expansion is induced by albumin, (2) that this increase in free DA originates in the kidney and (3) that idiopathic edema patients excrete less free DA than control subjects. It is proposed that free DA originating in the kidney is a rather sal than volume-dependent endogenous natriuretic factor. Its deficiency may contribute to excessive sodium retention in idiopathic edema. However, DA is probably not the single natriuretic hormone but a part of a natriuretic system, components of which are other renal vasodilating and natriuretic substances such as prostaglandins and kallikrein-bradykinin. PMID- 710138 TI - Natriuretic factor, a lasting enigma. AB - A gel filtration fraction of urine from patients with chronic uremia (natriuretic factor) decreases potential difference, net sodium flux and lumen to peritubular flux of sodium across the isolated rabbit cortical collecting tubule. These effects are consistent with the possibility that natriuretic factor represents a modulator of sodium excretion in the mammalian nephron. Natriuretic factor induces a dose-dependent inhibition of short-circuit current in the isolated toad bladder. By comparing the effects of natriuretic factor to those of a standard unit of reference, it may be possible to develop a quantitative assay for natriuretic factor. The acidic nature of natriuretic factor was confirmed by cation exchange column in a high pressure liquid chromatography system. PMID- 710139 TI - Absolute and relative erythropoietin deficiency in renal anemia. PMID- 710140 TI - Role of erythropoietin in the anemia of renal insufficiency in man and in an experimental uremic rabbit model. AB - ESF deficiency is probably not a major contributing factor in the early stages of the anemia of renal insufficiency. Serum ESF titers are lower in advanced renal failure when compared to that of nonuremic anemic subjects suffering from equivalent anemia. With increasing renal insufficiency a relative ESF deficiency gains increasing importance as a pathogenic factor in reduced erythropoiesis. Kidneys without excretory function may still be erythropoietically effective, since a further increase in the anemia occurs after bilateral nephrectomy. However, a basal erythropoiesis is still maintained by extrarenal ESF production, which is also enhanced by hypoxia. ESF deficiency is compensated after successful renal transplantation. A decreased response of the bone marrow to ESF may be another factor contributing to the hypoproliferative state of erythropoiesis in uremia. As demonstrated in a chronic uremic rabbit model there may be a blockade of further differentiation of the erythroid precursors. The relationship of this blockade in differentiation to the inhibitor of heme synthesis is not clear. PMID- 710141 TI - Regulation of the vitamin D endocrine system located in the kidney. AB - During the past decade, it has been clearly established that the kidney is an endocrine organ which converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to the active hormone 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. The kidney and intestine are the sites of an alternative hydroxylation which places an 24 hydroxyl in the R position on either 25 hydroxyvitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is stimulated by hypocalcemia through the parathyroid gland, hypophosphatemia, the sex hormones and the peptide hormones insulin and prolactin. This vitamin D based endocrine system is of central importance in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism and its disturbances result in a variety of pathological conditions. PMID- 710142 TI - Effect of vitamin D metabolites on calcium and phosphate metabolism. PMID- 710143 TI - Reference values for clinical chemistry using the Coulter Chemistry System. AB - Reference (normal) ranges were established for clinical chemistry results obtained from the Coulter Chemistry instrument on specimens from dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. These results, in general, are very similar to those reported in the current veterinary literature. The specimens obtained from horses and cows were subdivided according to age and lactation status, respectively. Significant differences were noted between the subgroups in the results of certain tests. PMID- 710144 TI - Atypical osteoma of the nasal passage and paranasal sinus in a bull. PMID- 710145 TI - Asymmetries in interpreting and expressing a posed facial expression. PMID- 710146 TI - Visual agnosia in an artist. AB - This report describes a 73 year old left-handed male artist who presented with agnosic symptoms following an occipital cerebral vascular accident. Against a background of a memory disturbance, but otherwise essentially intact linguistic and cognitive capacities, the patient was generally unable to identify single objects on visual presentation, and displayed marked difficulty in interpreting complex objects, depicted scenes, and partially occluded figures. The patient's preserved ability to recognize geometric forms, to perceive optical illusions, and to copy designs, and objects with considerable accuracy suggested the clinical picture of visual agnosia. An examination was undertaken of the effects of this recognition disorder on the artist's capacity to draw. Despite an inability to recognize an object or scene, the patient retained various techniques (perspective, shadowing, designation of texture) which allowed him to copy the display in a veridical fashion. When displays were recognized, or when the patient was given only the name of the object and asked to draw it, he adopted a less slavish approach, characteristic of his pre-morbid artwork. While his post-morbid drawings bore a strong similarity to his earlier works, such features as insufficient differentiation of figure from ground, over-elaboration of detail, and areas of neglect revealed the debilitating effects of the recognition disorder. Moreover, an examination of the patient's strategies revealed numerous compensatory verbal and motor procedures which guided his drawing. Acknowledgments. We wish to acknowledge Dr. Prather Palmer, J.R.'s neurologist, for his cooperation and for making available his very thorough examination notes. Thanks also to Dr. Kent Stevens for providing the stereograms, and to Dr. Frank Benson and Dr. Edgar Zurif for their helpful comments on the manuscript. PMID- 710147 TI - Alliteration and assonance in neologistic jargon aphasia. AB - This paper discusses certain aspects of the speech patterns of neologistic jargon aphasic patients, whose syndrome is one form of a more general classification referred to as Wernicke's or cortical sensory aphasia. The classical lesion site is in the posterior superior temporal convolution of the dominant hemisphere. Patients with such lesions typically have difficulties in the comprehension of auditory linguistic stimuli and their speech is often marked with neologistic jargon. A neologism is a phonological form produced by the patient for which one cannot recover with any reasonable degree of certainty some single item in the patient's vocabulary as it presumably existed before the onset of the disease. Specific analysis is focused on those stretches of speech which exhibit perseveration to the point where there is an excessive amount of alliteration and assonance. The data is described in terms of segments, syllables and sequences of syllables and related to both a mechanism underlying the production of this sort of speech and to the more general problems of neologisms in jargon aphasia. PMID- 710148 TI - Responses to dichotic listening tasks in temporal epileptics with or without clinically evident lesions. AB - Dichotic listening was studied in two groups of temporal epileptics with monolateral circumscribed EEG focus: the first presenting with signs of brain damage and the second free from these signs. The lesional group tended to prefer the ear ipsilateral to the side of lesion, while subjects with non-lesional focus tended to prefer the ear contralateral to the side of focus. The results are discussed and compared with other observations in this field. PMID- 710149 TI - "Semantic" and "acoustic" errors of aphasic and schizophrenic patients in a sound picture matching task. AB - Broca's aphasics, Wernicke's aphasics, brain-damaged patients without aphasia, and chronic schizophrenics were tested on a task to match meaningful sounds to one of four pictures. One of the depicted objects was the natural source of the sound, one was an object belonging to the same semantic category as the correct object, one was an object producing acoustically similar sounds as the correct object, and one was an object not related either semantically or acoustically to the correct object. In one item set the "semantic" distractors produced a sound completely different from the presented one; in another item set the "semantic" distractors made practically no specific sounds at all. Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics were shown to have significantly higher total error scores than brain damaged patients without aphasia and to make significantly more "semantic" errors only on the first item set and "acoustic" errors on both item sets than the brain damaged patients without aphasia. However, after correcting for guessing the differences between groups with respect to "semantic" and "acoustic" errors vanished. The aphasics' difficulties in coping with the sound-picture matching task might be difficulties in processing the acoustic dimensions of the items. It is, however, suggested that the impairment is not perceptual but of the cognitive kind repeatedly demonstrated in tasks which require the analytic extraction of features of the stimulus or of the concept represented by the stimulus. PMID- 710150 TI - Analytic and global strategies in copying designs by unilaterally brain-damaged patients. AB - Different strategies in copying designs were investigated in unilaterally brain damaged patients. Site of lesions (right or left) and presence or absence of aphasia, seen as a planning disorder, were taken in consideration. Aphasic patients proved to be more inclined to use an analytic strategy rather than a global one, differing from both other brain-damaged patients and normals. A comparison between patients with right and left brain lesion failed to yield a significant difference. PMID- 710151 TI - Upright and inverted faces: the right hemisphere knows the difference. AB - The existence of a right hemisphere capacity, specific to upright faces was investigated. Upright and inverted faces, equally complex as patterns, were presented under lateralized tachistoscopic conditions to two groups of normal adult subjects. A significant orientation by visual field advantage was found. While there was a highly significant left visual field advantage for upright faces, the visual field difference for inverted faces failed to reach significane. This pattern of results supports the hypothesis that the right hemisphere is specialized for the perception of faces in particular, in addition to its specialization for the perception of visuospatial patterns in general. PMID- 710152 TI - The effect of unilateral brain damage on the appearance of question-induced CLEM reactions. AB - Three groups of subjects--34 non brain damaged, 15 left hemisphere damaged patients, and 15 right hemisphere damaged patients--were administered 40 questions facing the questioner while eye-movement following each question was recorded. 20 of the questions required subjects to indicate how many letters were in a given word. 20 questions tested their visuospatial capacity. The control group revealed a marked tendency to look to the left visual field regardless of the content of the question. The tendency to left-look or right-look, however, was not found to be related to education, age, length of hospitalization, the score on the "letters in a word" test, or the score on the visuospatial test. The left hemisphere damaged group performed remarkably like the control in that they too looked more to the left visual field than to the right. The right hemisphere damaged group, however, did not show a significant difference between left looking and right looking in response to both questionnaires. The findings were discussed in relation to the previous work of Kinsbourne (1972), and Gur, Gur and Harris (1975). PMID- 710153 TI - Recognition reading in paralexia. AB - Reading aloud and recognition reading were examined in a paralexic patient. Certainty ratings made by the patient during oral reading indicated that he was usually unaware of paralexic errors which he made. In an auditory recognition reading task for words previously misread, the patient still performed poorly, often chosing his paralexic response as the correct alternative. Possible mechanisms underlying paralexia are discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 710154 TI - The effect of auditory rhythmic stimulation on articulatory accuracy in apraxia of speech. AB - In order to study the effects of different rates of rhythmic auditory stimulation on the phonemic accuracy of speakers who have apraxia of speech, eight apraxic subjects read four equated monosyllabic passages under one control and three experimental conditions. In the experimental conditions, rhythmic auditory stimulation provided by a metronome was imposed at each subject's oral reading rate as well as 75% and 125% of this established rate. In the control condition, the subjects read without any accompanying rhythmic stimulation. It was found that the stimulus supplied by an auditory metronome did not significantly improve the phonemic accuracy of these subjects. Articulatory accuracy tended to deteriorate under imposed rhythmic stimulation. PMID- 710155 TI - Equipotentiality, preparedness, and the sensory-limbic hyperconnection hypothesis. PMID- 710156 TI - Microscopic observation of intracellular ice formation in unfertilized mouse ova as a function of cooling rate. PMID- 710158 TI - Controlled variable-rate freeze-thaw apparatus. PMID- 710157 TI - Experimental studies on continuous hypothermic liver perfusion with a synthetic solution containing gelatin polypeptides (haemaccel). PMID- 710159 TI - Quench cooling and ice crystal formation in biological tissues. PMID- 710160 TI - Freezing tolerance in relation to cooling rate in an adult insect. PMID- 710161 TI - Symposium on freezing of gametes and spermatozoa--synopsis papers. PMID- 710162 TI - Deep-freezing of boar semen. PMID- 710163 TI - Characteristics and cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa. PMID- 710164 TI - Aspects of fertility with frozen-thawed ram semen. PMID- 710165 TI - Cryopreservation of salmonid spermatozoa. PMID- 710166 TI - Freezing avian spermatozoa. PMID- 710167 TI - Freezing eggs and embryos of farm animals. PMID- 710168 TI - Indigenous and expatriate addicts in Laos: a comparison. AB - Opium addiction has been reported among virtually all large ethnic groups in Asia. Conspicuous by its absence has been any mention of addiction among the Lao, a people surrounded by poppy-growing tribal groups. A sample of Lao patient addicts are here compared to expatriate Asian addicts in Laos. Lao and expatriate addicts show marked similarity in their sociodemographic profiles and patterns of narcotic use. Some differences in their recent use of narcotic drugs appear related to the greater cash income of the expatriate Asians and their greater access to heroin. No specifically 'cultural' factors for explaining ethnic differences in addiction have yet been identified. PMID- 710169 TI - Scars of experience: the art of moxibustion in Japanese medicine and society. AB - Beliefs and practices surrounding moxibustion, a cautery technique used in Japan, are analyzed to demonstrate that the concept of holism is culture-bound and that the practice of East Asian medicine is often reductionistic. Pluralistic traditional medical belief systems of historical and contemporary Japan are discussed with reference to moxibustion. Moxa is used in popular family medicine, for ritual purification, as a technique to cure disease or as part of a holistic approach to healing; its symbolic meaning changes according to its usage and it serves to unite disparate medical beliefs. Socialization practices concerning attitudes towards illness reflect pluralistic values derived from traditional medical systems. One dominant set of values encourages patient and family responsibility during the healing process, adaptation to psychosocial relationships regarded as causal in disease occurrence and avoidance of verbal analysis of problems. These concepts, fundamental to East Asian medicine, cannot be readily adapted in the West as part of a holistic approach to health care. PMID- 710171 TI - Three faces of culture-bound syndromes: their implications for cross-cultural research. PMID- 710170 TI - Traditional medical practices and medicinal plant usage on a Bahamian island. AB - The traditional medical system of a small Bahamian island is explored through a health survey of 83% of the population and an analysis of the activities and materials of the two main native health 'professionals'--the healing specialist and the 'herbalist'. The present findings suggest that the Bimini medical system has historically been efficacious in the treatment and management of many health problems on the island. Part of the success may be attributed to the resourceful utilization of indigenous medicinal plant species, several of which contain chemical substances that may be curatively effective against a number of diseases as claimed. In recent years the island has experienced a relatively smooth process of medical modernization including the increased availability of 'westernized' health care and the gradual supplementation of the herbal remedies by imported patent and prescription medications. PMID- 710172 TI - Latah: the symbolism of a putative mental disorder. AB - This paper examines the symbolic properties and cultural relevance of latah, a behavioral state noted in Malay and Indonesia since the 19th Century. Most interpretations of latah have been psychological, latah being perceived as a 'mental disorder.' In the following, it is concluded that latah is intimately related to other aspects of Malayo-Indonesian culture and that it is a well-known cultural pattern and not a mental disorder as such, though it may occur among persons, largely women, in a socially and psychologically marginal situation. Latah is a symbolic representation of marginality, and it is as appropriate to certain mythological and religious figures to the socially marginal. PMID- 710174 TI - Ethno-behaviorism and the culture-bound syndromes: the case of Amok. AB - The phenomenon of amok is reviewed in order to demonstrate the heuristic value of an ethno-behavioral model of culture-bound syndromes. The notion that culture bound syndromes share underlying common disease forms is rejected. Instead, the ethno-behavioral model postulates that culture-bound syndromes consist of culturally specific behavioral repertoires legitimated by culturally sanctioned norms and concepts, but with both behavior and norms acquired in accordance with basic principles of human learning universal to all cultures. Consistent with this model, amok is shown to be a common behavioral pathway for multiple precipitants (which may or may not include disease pathology), but with a distinct form and conceptualization which can be traced to the social learning practices and beliefs of the Malay. PMID- 710175 TI - The effect of pentoxifylline on the flow properties of human blood. AB - Recent investigations have revealed that erythrocytes from patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease are significantly less deformable than red blood cells from healthy subjects. The influence of pentoxifylline on red blood cell fluidity was measured by a standard filtration technique using 8 micron membrane filters. Impaired deformability of erythrocytes was significantly improved in patients suffering from peripheral vascular disorders following intravenous injection of 200 mg pentoxifylline. Studies on reduced red cell deformability induced by hyperosmolarity in vitro showed that pentoxifylline (4 and 20 microgram/ml) produced a dose-dependent improvement both in blood from healthy subjects and from patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The results suggest that the positive therapeutic effect of pentoxifylline in peripheral arterial occlusive disease is mediated by improving red cell fluidity in the microcirculation. PMID- 710176 TI - Labetalol in the difficult hypertensive patient in general practice. AB - An open study was carried out in general practice to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of labetalol in the treatment of 53 difficult hypertensive patients, most of whom had failed to respond to previous hypotensive therapy. The results showed that in the 49 patients receiving treatment for more than 3 months good blood pressure control was readily achieved, and with labetalol alone in all but 6 of them. The majority were controlled on doses ranging from 300 to 600 mg per day. Treatment was discontinued in 3 patients because of severe side-effects. Mild, tolerable side-effects, similar to those found with beta-adrenergic blocking agents, were reported by 35 patients. PMID- 710173 TI - The atypical psychoses. AB - The psychiatric literature contains numerous accounts of psychoses found worldwide that do not fit classic definitions of schizophrenia, manic-depression, or organic brain syndrome. These vaguely defined 'atypical psychoses' are under scrutiny because of growing knowledge and more rigorous methodology in descriptive and cross-cultural psychiatry. The authors trace the history of atypical psychosis concepts from the contributions of Kraepelin, Jaspers, and Freud to contemporary European and Anglo-American viewpoints. Studies of the atypical psychoses are reviewed in the light of current validation methods in psychiatry. Several methodologic problems plague this area: inadequate definitions, etiologic prejudice, poor premorbid and follow-up assessment, as well as certain naive notions about psychopathology in different cultures. Consequently, knowledge of atypical psychosis is limited and largely impractical. The authors suggest several possibilities for interpreting present and future evidence about these disorders and certain strategies for future studies. PMID- 710177 TI - Carbenoxolone and incorporation of (3H) glucosamine into gastric mucosa. AB - The effect of carbenoxolone on incorporation of the labelled sugar, (3H) glucosamine, into rat gastric mucosa was examined. Rats were treated with either 25 mg/kg, or 50 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg carbenoxolone for 10 days. The rats were then killed and the uptake of (3H) glucosamine by gastric mucosal scrapings measured. There was no statistically significant difference in uptake between treated and untreated scrapings. The results do not confirm earlier findings of other investigators which suggested that carbenoxolone promoted gastric ulcer healing by stimulating specific glycosyl transferases to produce a modified mucus. PMID- 710179 TI - Empiric caval interruption in operations for inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 710178 TI - Clinical experience with a low dose oral contraceptive containing norethisterone and ethinyl oestradiol. AB - The results are presented of a clinical investigation of an oral contraceptive containing 0.5 mg norethisterone and 0.035 mg ethinyl oestradiol. The medication was administered orally as a 21-day cyclic regimen in 1,168 women. Duration of use was from 1 to 53 cycles with an overall total of 16,345 cycles. When the preparation was taken as directed, no pregnancies occurred. Three women conceived during the course of this study; however, these subjects missed 3, 2, and 1 prescribed tablets, respectively, and their pregnancies are thus judged due to patient failure. The overall pregnancy rate was 0.22 per 100 women years of use calculated as a Pearl Index. Intermenstrual bleeding (spotting and/or breakthrough bleeding) was noted primarily in the early cycles, soon tapering off to a lower and stable level. The overall cumulative cyclic incidence of amenorrhoea was 1.0%. PMID- 710181 TI - Children discharged from foster care in New York City: where to--when--at what age? AB - The Child Welfare Information Service (CWIS) a computerized information system in New York City, provides data shedding new light on the movement of children out of the foster care system. PMID- 710180 TI - Congenital duodenal web in an adult. PMID- 710182 TI - Alaska's children's code. AB - Enactment of alaska's new Children's Code was achieved only after years of struggle involving many professional and public forces. The code is considered a breakthrough in legislation for children. PMID- 710183 TI - Third-party purchase of voluntary agency services. AB - The problem of setting rates for third-party purchase of voluntary agency services is a complex one. The approach taken affects agency efficiency as well as the flow of private donations. PMID- 710184 TI - Youth helping youth in cases of maltreatment of adolescents. AB - The active involvement of youth themselves in meeting the problem of maltreatment of adolescents is the central feature of this innovative project. PMID- 710185 TI - Linking the group home and the community school. AB - A group home lacking an on-grounds school set up a system of progress reports from teachers in a community school, and then integrated the reports into the home program. The benefits were considerable. PMID- 710186 TI - Family outreach: a program for the prevention of child neglect and abuse. AB - A Texas volunteer program designed to prevent child neglect and abuse also stresses promotion of the public's awareness of its responsibility to report suspected cases. PMID- 710187 TI - Acoustic features and auditory perceptions of the cries of newborns with prenatal and perinatal complications. AB - This article describes 2 experiments which examine the relation between neonatal cry features and obstetric histories. Experiment 1 shows that 24 clinically healthy, normal newborns who may be at risk due to a high number of prenatal and perinatal complications can be distinguished from 24 low-complications infants by harmonic and durational features of the cry. High-complications infants required more stimulation to elicit the cry, had a longer latency to cry onset, a shorter first cry expiration, a higher cry pitch, and cried less in total time than low complications infants. In experiment 2, naive adults rated the high-complications infant cries as more aversive, grating sick, urgent, distressing, piercing, discomforting, and arousing than low-complications infant crues. Factor analyses showed that although the low-complications infant cries were described along one dimension of discomfort, a second factor emerged conveying the "sick" nature of the sound of the cry of the high-complications infants. It was suggested that certain cry features may reflect the risk status of the infant. PMID- 710188 TI - The effects of height on infants' social responses to unfamiliar persons. AB - The effects of absolute height of an approaching unfamiliar person and height of the person relative to the infants' viewing height on infants' social responsiveness were investigated. 48 infants, 9--12 months old, were observed as 2 tall (6 feet, 2 inches) and 2 short (5 feet, 6 inches) male strangers approached them. Infants were divided into 3 viewing height groups: low (35 inches from the floor), medium (53 inches), and high (72 inches). Facial expresion, gase aversion, fretting/fussing, and directional movement were measured as the strangers touched the infants. Infants did not respond more negatively to tall versus short strangers. However, they did respond more negatively as a function of viewing-height condition. Infants who were in the low and medium conditions showed more movement away, more gaze aversion, and less concentration than infants in the highest viewing condition. These observations are explained ethologically in terms of an inborn predisposition to respond negatively to towering stimuli in unfamiliar settings. The importance of a multideterminant model of infants' social responses to unfamiliar persons is emphasized. PMID- 710189 TI - Defining the comminity context for parent-child relations: the correlates of child maltreatment. AB - This report presents the results of studies designed to illustrate the use of child maltreatment report data as social indicators of the quality of life for families. It addresses the feedback function of family-support systems and links maltreatment to the overall balance of stresses and supports in the neighborhood context of families. This study focuses on the reported incidence of child abuse and neglect at 2 levels of neighborhood analysis within a single metropolitan county-20 neighborhood areas and 93 census tracts. Multiple-regression analysis is used to develop predictive equations using socioeconomic, demographic, and some attudinal data as the independent variables. For the 20 subareas, 81% of the variance and for the 93 census tract, 52% of the variance is accounted for. Data on the source of reports tend to discount the widely held position that biased reporting accounts for the negative correlation between socioeconomic status and chold maltreatment. The results are related to an emerging ecological perspective on human development. PMID- 710190 TI - The role of spatial cues in the probe-type serial memory task. AB - 2 experiments were carried out with the aim of clarifying the role of spatial cues in the probe-type serial memory task devised by Atkinson, Hansen, and Bernbach. In experiment 1, preventing the formation of specific items-location associations drastically reduced performance at the early to intermediate serial positions for a group of second graders; yet these children still exhibited a primancy effect (position 1 greater than position2). In experiment 2, the stimulus items were spaced farther apart than usual in an attempt to reduce the contextual uniqueness of the first (far left) item. Children aged 4 and 5 years who were administered this task produced a serial-position function that was essentially flat. It was concluded that (a) spatial cues serve as functional stimuli in the standard probe-type task, and (b) the contextual uniqueness of the first item is probably responsible for the occurrence of primacy in young children. Implications of this research for interpreting age-related differences in the shape of the serial-position curve were also discussed. PMID- 710191 TI - The development of time concepts in young children: the relations between duration and succession. AB - 108 children from nursery school, first grade, and third grade were given 5 problems measuring the concept of time, in which they were required to judge and explain which of 2 partially overlapping events started first, which ended first, and which lasted for a longer time. 2 types of problems were used which presented time with and without the interference of movement: "still time" (the duration of 2 lights) and "linear time" (the traveling time of 2 toy cars). In both types of problems, judging the succession of both beginnings and endings was equally difficult and was easier than judging duration. Duration judgments were explaned predominantly by succession, whereas succession judgments were explained tautologically or by mere "seeing." Overall, performance increased with age and decreased with interference. A recent model of the development of time concepts is further elaborated and compared with Piaget's framework. PMID- 710192 TI - The role of perceptual salience in the development of analysis and synthesis processes. AB - The ability of 6- and 11-year-old children to solve problems requiring the analysis or the synthesis of salience-assessed stimulus relations was investigated. The relative salience of the relations of form, color, and position was assessed and a salience hierachy determined for each child. Following salience assessment, children were given a recall problem in which the salience of the relations and the type of evaluation required for solution were varied. In analysis problems, the relative salience of the irrelevant relation was either higher or lower than that of the relevant relation. In synthesis problems, the two relations to be evaluated were either more or less salient. Both younger and older children were able to solve problems requiring the analysis or the synthesis of relations, but the rate of solution varied as a function of the salience of the relations involved. There was no evidence that either analysis or synthesis preceded the other in the course of development. PMID- 710193 TI - The effect of change in stimuli on the transfer of dimensional pretraining to the discrimination learning of kindergarten children. AB - Kindergarten children were given verbal pretaining prior to a simultaneous discrimination learning task under 1 or 2 stimulus conditions. For half the children, the stimuli were changed from the pretaining task to the criterion task; for the other half, the stimuli were identical in the 2 tasks. During pretaining, the children learned to label the values of the dimension that would be either relevant, constant, or irrelevant in discrimination learning. When the stimuli were identical in 2 tasks, pretaining produced significant facilitation and interference effects in discrimination performance. The pretaining effects in the changed-stimulus condition were greatly attenuated and nonsignificant. The relation of these results to earlier findings and to studies of dimensional attention in general is discussed. PMID- 710194 TI - Memory for location and picture cues at ages two and three. AB - 3 delayed-relayed-response experiments are reported, testing 2-and 3-year-old children's memory for location of a hiddeen object under several combinations of spatial and pictorial cue availability and emphasis. In the first study, both age groups responded well on the basis of location cues alone. However, when picture cues were available, the 2-year-olds primarily relied on location while the 3 year-olds depended more pictures. The next studies asked if changes designed to de-emphasize location cues or emphasize pictures could encourage the younger children to make more use of pictorial information. Although these manipulations were only partially successful, the combined results of these studies suggest (1y, that information about both location and picture cues can be represented by both age groups and (2), that there is a real shift from reliance on place cues at age 2 to increased utilization of pictorial cues by age 3. PMID- 710195 TI - The perception of solid form in early infancy. AB - Day and McKenzie determined the rate of habituation of fixation of young infants to repeated visual presentations of a cube. They found the habituation rate to be the same when the stimulus orientation changed between presentations as when it was fixed, and they interpreted this as evidence of shape constancy. However, a failure to discriminate between cubes in different orientations is only evidence of shape constancy if the infant can at the same time discriminate the cube from other cubelike forms. The experiment described here contrasted the rate of habituation of fixation of 12-week-old infants to a homogenous stimulus series (a cube presented in different orientations) with the rates of habituation to various heterogeneous series, in each of which a cube was alternated with some other solid. It was found that, while the infant could distinguish a cube from a photograph of a cube and a concave solid (an L-form), there was no evidence of discrimination between the cube and either a wedge or a truncated pyramid. The results imply limits to the young infants capacity to resolve solid form. PMID- 710196 TI - Effects of similarity grouping on attentional processes in children. AB - First and fifth graders sorted cards into 2 piles based on the orientation of a T figure. Cards did or did not contain irrelevant information: irrelevant information did or did not contrast in line slope with the target. The position of targets varied within arrays from 1 card to the next. Children at both grade levels sorted more slowly in the presence of contrasting irrelevant information relative to no irrelevant information, but younger children were slowed more that older ones when sorting in the presence of similar irrelevant information relative to contrasting irrelevant information. A second card-sorting experiment examined similar effects in a filtering task in which target position was constant from card to card. Effects were minimal for fifth graders, wheras first graders were slower in the presence of contrasting irrelevant information relative to no irrelevant information, and slower in the presence of similar as compared with contrasting irrelevant information. Processing differences underlying these results are discussed. PMID- 710197 TI - The relationship of hand dominance to the motor corrdination, mental ability, and right-left awareness of young normal children. AB - Normal children who had established hand dominance, as measured by the McCarthy Scales, were compared on mental and motor variables with youngsters who did not give evidence of dominance. Using the McCarthy normative sample (N = 1,032) as the data source, significant differences in cognitive and motor ability were found for 2(1/2)--4(1/2)-year-olds but not for 5--8(1/2)-year-olds. However, a significant relationship between handedness and right versus left awareness was obtained for the older group. PMID- 710198 TI - [Change of the lumen of the spinal canal after spinal and spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 710199 TI - [Early results of treatment of malleolar fractures]. PMID- 710200 TI - [Stable osteosynthesis of fracture of the talus]. PMID- 710201 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral spine in Polish youth diagnosed by means of x-ray examination]. PMID- 710202 TI - [Clinico-radiological picture of the lumbosacral spine in patients with ankylosis of the hip joint]. PMID- 710203 TI - [Immunological aspects of juvenile slipped epiphysis of the femur head]. PMID- 710204 TI - [Surgical tactics in various intraoperative complications of endoprosthesis of the hip joint]. PMID- 710205 TI - [Value of the physico-chemical micromethod in evaluation of the functional capacity of the articular cartilage of the patella (preliminary report)]. PMID- 710206 TI - [Arthrodesis of the knee joint]. PMID- 710207 TI - [Modification of the Kite's method of conservative treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus (preliminary report)]. PMID- 710208 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital extension-adduction contracture of the 5th toe]. PMID- 710209 TI - [Progressive tenomyositis ossificans: attempted surgical treatment]. PMID- 710211 TI - [Pseudocystic soft tissue sarcoma]. PMID- 710210 TI - [Osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 710212 TI - [Hemipelvectomy in chondrosarcoma of the femur neck]. PMID- 710213 TI - [Multidigital Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 710214 TI - [Apparatus for measurement of the digital strength]. PMID- 710215 TI - [Multiple injuries: severity and therapeutic measures]. PMID- 710217 TI - [Synovial cysts of the hip joint]. AB - Four cases of a ganglion of the hip joint are reported. Besides the symptomatology and the clinical findings, special attention is payed to the anatomical relationship. The weak part of the joint capsula medially to the longitudinal traction of the ligamentum iliofemorale and laterally to the ligamentum pubofemorale was found to be the source of these ganglions. The most helpful diagnostic measure is arthrography through a lateral access. Therapy consists of resection of the cystic tumor, and careful closure of the hip joint capsula will prevent recurrence. PMID- 710216 TI - [Anatomical directions for the placement of central venous catheters]. AB - Based on approximately 70 dissection studies, the topographical situation of the central veins forming the superior vena cava is described. Actual problems and complications following punctures of central veins are commented upon, from the morphological point of view. PMID- 710218 TI - [The significance of the duodenal papilla within the framework of diseases of gallbladder and bile ducts]. AB - On the basis of 3185 biliary tract operations performed at the city hospitals of Braunschweig and Luneburg, 12% of which included papillotomies, the frequency and pathogenesis of Vater's papilla stenosis is discussed. About 5% of all stenoses of Vater's papilla do not appear in connection with lithiasis in the biliary tract; these are defined as primary stenoses. 95% of Vater's papilla stenoses occur with lithiasis and inflammatory diseases of biliary tract. Stenosis of Vater's papilla is most often seen in connection with severe cholecystitis and pericholecystitis. There exists in most cases a purely inflammatory swelling of papillas mucosa which decreases following sanitation of the biliary tract. Intraoperative findings show good dilatation through catheterization and Vater's papilla should therefore not be discised. In opposite the concommitant stenoses of Vater's papilla caused by choledocholithiasis, chiefly in case of calculus near the papilla, are signed by severe deforming alterations even concerning deeper layers of papilla wall. The high grade destruction of muscle tissue leads to a not retrogressive stenosis, even after sanitation of biliary tract, which principally should be discised. 211 biopsies of papilla were taken and histologically analyzed. A specific pathologic-anatomic substrate of stenosis of Vater's papilla could not be found. PMID- 710219 TI - [Experiences with transumbilical cannulation of the portal vein. Review of 180 consecutive cases]. AB - The canulation of the umbilical vein in the adult is reported on 180 consecutive cases. The small operation hardly stressing the patient and not having led to serious complications, may be allowed without any objection if the necessary precautions are observed. PMID- 710220 TI - [Effect of suture materials on the mechanical strength of intestinal anastomoses. Comparative animal experimental studies on the rabbit ileum with various suture materials]. PMID- 710221 TI - [Endometriosis of rectum and sigmoid]. PMID- 710222 TI - [Postoperative suture ulcer in the stomach]. PMID- 710223 TI - [A technique of surgical correction of severe kyphosis in the child and adolescent. Preliminary communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 710224 TI - [Documents concerning lengthening of the skeleton of the leg in post poliomyelitis patients using the Mitchell-Anderson method (author's transl)]. PMID- 710225 TI - [Non-traumatic intrahepatic aneurysm of the right hepatic artery with an intrahepatic haematoma. Cure by ligation of the aneurysmal artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 710226 TI - [78 benign gastro-duodenal tumours (author's transl]. PMID- 710228 TI - [Goebel-Stoeckel's operation in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence when surgery has already been performed (author's transl)]. PMID- 710227 TI - [Gastro-intestinal caustic injuries. Emergency problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 710229 TI - [Wounds of the lung. 32 cases (author's transl]. PMID- 710230 TI - [The treatment of hyperthyroidism using iodine 131 (author's transl)]. PMID- 710231 TI - [Surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism. Introduction]. PMID- 710232 TI - [The surgical treatment of toxic nodular goitres (author's transl)]. PMID- 710233 TI - [P. Milleret and colleagues' communication on "Surgery of biliary lithiasis in patients aged 75 years and over"]. PMID- 710234 TI - [Risk of appendectomy based on a homogeneous series]. PMID- 710235 TI - Nucleolar size in parallel with ribosomal RNA synthesis at diapause termination in the eggs of Bombyx mori. AB - The eggs of Bombyx mori, both in diapause and nondiapause, were subjected to cytological examination of nucleoli and measurement of RNA precursor incorporation (2 hours) into ribosomal RNA. In diapause eggs, the nucleoli were very small and the rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis was the lowest of the samples tested. Most cells in diapause possessed nuclei with one nucleolus. In contrast, the eggs activated from diapause by long chilling attained the largest size of nucleoli and the highest rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis. A significant proportion of the cell nuclei still had only one nucleolus at this stage. Three days after activation, the eggs exhibited intermediate levels in both the size of nucleoli and the rate of ribosomal RNA sythesis. At this stage, about half of the egg cell nuclei had two nucleoli. PMID- 710236 TI - Identification of the small nuclear RNAs associated with the mitotic chromosomes of Amoeba proteus. AB - Amebas contain 7 electrophoretically distinct species of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), some of which are known to associate in a striking manner with mitotic chromosomes. These RNAs can be divided into 2 classes, one consisting of 4 snRNA species that shuttle in a non-random way between nucleus and cytoplasm during interphase and one consisting of 3 snRNA species that do not leave the nucleus at all during interphase. In the work reported here we sought to determine which class is associated with mitotic chromosomes. Through a series of micromanipulative procedures we arranged for the shuttling snRNAs to be the only radioactive molecules in the cell. Such cells were allowed to enter mitosis, whereupon they were fixed and subjected to autoradiography. In those cells no radioactive snRNAs were found associated with mitotic chromosomes. It is concluded, therefore, that those snRNAs that do associate with mitotic chromosomes must be one or more of the non-shuttling species.--In the Discussion, how the non-shuttling snRNAs may function in cell activities is considered. PMID- 710237 TI - Rectal polyps in Zaria, Nigeria. PMID- 710238 TI - Septic shock associated with operations for colorectal disease. AB - The hospital records of 24 patients with septic shock associated with the need for surgical treatment of diseases of the colon and rectum were reviewed. In this group of patients shock was caused by gram-negative or anaerobic microorganisms. The sources or infection were the abdomen, chest, and urinary tract. Nineteen (79 per cent) patients survived the acute shock episode, but only four (16 per cent) were permanent survivors. The 15 patients who died following resuscitation from shock succumbed to continuing infection and/or multiple organ failure. Although the timing of treatment did not affect immediate survival, long-term survival occurred only among those patients treated early in the course of shock. Accordingly, the pathophysiology of early septic shock is presented, and the need to recognize and treat the condition at this stage is emphasized. In addition, the author's current treatment protocol, with which they have been able to achieve 85 per cent acute and 60 per cent long-term survival, is discussed. PMID- 710239 TI - Prophylactic administration of low-dose heparin in colorectal surgery. AB - A retrospective study of 192 patients operated on by three members of the Edward Wilson Colon and Rectum Unit, Sydney Hospital, was carried out. All operations performed involved dissection within the pelvis. Prophylactic administration of low-dose heparin was used for 71 of these patients. The incidences of clinical thromboembolic disease were 7 per cent in both the group receiving heparin and the other group. In slightly more than half of the patients, pulmonary emboli occurred in the absence of peripheral deep venous thrombosis. It is suggested that the source of these emboli was thrombosis arising in the pelvic veins. PMID- 710240 TI - Urinary retention following operations for benign anorectal diseases. PMID- 710241 TI - Villous lesions of the colon. PMID- 710242 TI - An unusual extracolonic manifestation of chronic ulcerative colitis. PMID- 710243 TI - Juvenile colonic polyposis associated with congenital heart disease. AB - Four members of a family with juvenile colonic polyposis in two generations were examined by the authors. The disease showed a very marked dominant mode of inheritance, not sex-linked, in this family. At the same time, the same members of the family had congenital heart disease, including atrial septal defects and pulmonary stenosis. This disease also resulted from a dominant, highly penetrating gene, not sex-linked. The occurrence of both these hereditary diseases at the same time suggests a close relationship or link between the responsible genes. This combination may represent the emergence of a new syndrome. PMID- 710244 TI - A composite tumor in tubulovillous adenoma of the rectum. PMID- 710245 TI - Benign lymphoid hyperplasia manifesting as a cecal mass: report of a case. AB - We have presented an unusual case of benign lymphoid hyperplasia, which manifested as a cecal deformity in a 15-year-old boy. The clinical manifestation may have been related to partial occlusion of the appendiceal orifice. In future cases of benign lymphoid hyperplasia, colonoscopy may be diagnostic, and if it is used for continuing observation, may avert unnecessary surgical procedures in children and young adults. PMID- 710246 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis associated with ampicillin and erythromycin therapy: report of a case. AB - Pseudomembranous colitis has been observed increasingly often after therapy with several antibiotics. This report describes the case of a patient in whom pseudomembranous colitis developed in association with ampicillin, an extremely rare complication of this drug, and erythromycin, a drug that has not been previously reported to cause the disease. Clinical and pathologic features, pathogenesis, and management are discussed. Early diagnosis and treatment are extremely important to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this disorder. PMID- 710247 TI - Surgical treatment of ischemic colitis: report of a case. PMID- 710248 TI - Elemental diet and postoperative pain. PMID- 710250 TI - [Conformational heterogeneity of the sugar-phosphate chain of double-stranded polynucleotides as a cause of the high optical activity of their compact particles]. PMID- 710249 TI - [Protein composition of matrix and residual protein of rat liver and hepatoma-27 nuclei]. PMID- 710251 TI - [Intracellular study of the effect of GABA and taurine on neurons of the sensomotor cortex in cats]. PMID- 710252 TI - [Inhibitory effect of adaptation to hypoxia on the development hereditary hypertension in rats]. PMID- 710253 TI - [Effect of Ni2+ on the fast sodium channels in frog myocardium]. PMID- 710254 TI - [Effect of benzene and benz(a)pyrene on protein synthesis in isolated nuclei and chloroplasts]. PMID- 710255 TI - [Analgesic effect of electric stimulation of the dorsomedial hypothalamus in rabbits]. PMID- 710256 TI - [Inhibitory effect of cis-diamminodichloroplatinum incorporated into liposomes on lymphogenic metastases of transplanted mouse tumors]. PMID- 710257 TI - [Are there serotonin receptors on the soma of mollusk neurons?]. PMID- 710259 TI - [Primary organization of nucleosomes: order of histone arrangement on DNA]. PMID- 710258 TI - [Mechanism of reverse transcription: requirement for a primer]. PMID- 710260 TI - [Nature of the steroid-binding center of human transcortin]. PMID- 710261 TI - [Free non-heme iron in normal tissues and experimental malignant tumors]. PMID- 710262 TI - [Characteristics of human liver acid alpha-glucosidase (gamma-amylase) as a glycoprotein]. PMID- 710263 TI - [Theory of self-organization of the secondary structure of proteins: relationship between native globule structure and the secondary structure of the unfolded chain]. PMID- 710264 TI - A comparison of treatment effectiveness of nonaddict and exaddict professionals in an adolescent treatment program. AB - This paper examines the relative effectiveness of the nonaddict professional and the exaddict professional in an adolescent drug abuse treatment program. Based upon statistical and clinical considerations, the authors' conclusion is that exaddict professionals untrained in psychology or a related health field should perhaps not work with adolescents who present with drug and mental health problems. Strengths and weaknesses of each group are discussed, as is clinical effectiveness with respect to client retention and discharge rates. Age, race and sex were explored relative to length of employment. It was found that exaddict professionals left work significantly more often than nonaddict professionals as a result of negative or unethical behavior. PMID- 710266 TI - Drug dependence, crime and personality among female addicts. AB - Female drug addicts and female criminals have received relatively little research attention. This study investigates the personality correlates of female addicts attending a London drug clinic convicted for drug-related, violent and other offences. More than half of the sample had at least one conviction, and fourteen out of thirty-seven had convictions for non-drug-related offences. Convicted subjects were more extraverted than non-convicted subjects. This result may reflect some relationship between impulsivity and criminal behaviour, though other personality factors may interact with extraversion. PMID- 710265 TI - Seeking truth in heroin indicators: the case of New York City. AB - An epidemiological investigation of New York City's indirect indicators of heroin activity from 1970 through 1976 yielded insights about New York City heroin trends. Indirect indicators were gathered from official data sources, such as law enforcement, health, and treatment agencies. Since each indicator had significant limitations inhibiting interpretation, a factor analysis of the indicators was performed, resulting in the reduction of a large number of variables to a small number of factors. The factor analysis demonstrated the way in which New York City indicators cluster or move together--a "street" component, including arrests, hepatitis, price and purity of retail heroin; a "new admissions to methadone treatment" component; and a "readmissions to methadone treatment" component. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the time-lag relationships between components--"new admissions to methadone treatment" lag 1--2 years behind the "street" component; "readmissions to methadone treatment" lag 1--3 years behind the "new admissions" component. Finally, the 1970--1976 factor scores were related to 1970--1974 estimates of narcotic addicts in New York City in regression analysis, and were also projected through 1978, yielding estimates of New York City's heroin addict population from 1975 through 1978. PMID- 710267 TI - The association between chronic cannabis use and cognitive functions. PMID- 710268 TI - Social skills training and cognitive restructuring with alcoholics. AB - Social skills training (SST) has been shown to produce significant increases in skills immediately after training. However, persistence of skills has not been demonstrated during the follow-up period. The present study investigated this issue using SST and cognitive restructuring (CR) methods. Twenty-four hospitalized "alcoholics" were allocated to one of the following three group: (i) SST, (ii) CR, and (iii) traditional supportive therapy (TST). Twelve 2-hour sessions were conducted with each group. Before, following, and three months after treatment (i) behaviour ratings through structured interview, (ii) nurses' ratings, (iii) self-reported ratings of social skills and (iv) alcohol intake were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated SST to be significantly superior on all measures compared to CR, which was superior to TST immediately after training. However, 3 months after treatment, the subjects in the CR group indicated greater skill increments than the SST group subjects who, in turn, showed greater improvement than subjects in the TST group. These results led to the conclusion that CR was more effective than SST and TST in producing long-term skill increments. The significance of these findings in providing support for the social learning model of alcohol dependence and cognitive restructuring theory of social skills modification is discussed. PMID- 710269 TI - Influenza vaccination this year. PMID- 710271 TI - Metolazone for hypertension? PMID- 710270 TI - Depression and oral contraceptives: the role of pyridoxine. PMID- 710272 TI - Mental handicap and the general practitioner. PMID- 710274 TI - [Prolonged pregnancy after hormonal contraception]. PMID- 710273 TI - [The role of hysterosalpingography in the treatment of female sterility]. PMID- 710275 TI - [Surgical therapy of ascites by LeVeen shunt]. PMID- 710276 TI - [Sales tax in selling fitments and stores of a hospital]. PMID- 710278 TI - [Noise in the ear]. PMID- 710277 TI - [Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 710279 TI - [Reversible myocardial ischaemia or irreversible myocardial fibrosis? Differentiation by biphasic 201thallium scintigraphy (author's transl)]. AB - The results of biphasic 201thallium (201Tl) scanning were compared with those of coronary arteriography, left ventricular angiogarphy and stress ECG in 56 patients with coronary artery disease and six with no evidence of heart disease. There were 104 201Tl defects, 50 of them reversible. The defects were always located in the area supplied by a critically stenotic coronary artery. Correlation of regional wall motion with 201Tl activity demonstrated that in all forms of abnormal wall motion there was either ischaemia or fibrosis. The resting LV angiogram thus does not make it possible to distinguish between myocardial ischaemia and fibrosis. Taking the LV angiogram as a standard, the rate of false positive 201Tl scintigrams was 5%, that of false-negative ones 23%. The biphasic 201Tl scintigram was more sensitive than the stress ECG in detecting myocardial ischaemia. It furthermore made it possible to localize the ischaemic (or fibrotic) region within the LV and to estimate its size. PMID- 710280 TI - [Peptic ulcer in children: diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Within a period of 14 years 23 children were treated for peptic ulcer (0.039% of all inpatients). Acute ulcers were seen in neonates or after major surgery, and were diagnosed only after perforation or bleeding. Chronic ulcers predominantly occurred after the sixth year. In addition to abdominal pain and colic, perforation and haemorrhage were also seen, the latter occasionally without previous symptoms. Three children were operated on for perforation, two for gastroduodenal haemorrhage. One of them, a neonate, died of septicaemia with subarachnoid haemorrhage. The bleedings were stopped by purse-string suture, the perforations by oversewing in two, local excision in one. Follow-up examination was undertaken in 14 of the 22 surviving children six months to 12 years after the initial manifestation. None had a recurrence. It is concluded that peptic ulcer is more frequent in children than is generally supposed. Treatment is mainly conservative. In case of perforation or haemorrhage the least possible surgical intervention should be practised. PMID- 710281 TI - [On the aetiology of malignant pericardial mesothelioma (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of malignant pericardial mesothelioma are described. Morphologically they corresponded to the epithelial or fibrous type, respectively. In one patient, an old-metal dealer, an increased number of asbestos bodies were found in the lung parenchyma and phase-microscopy demonstrated increased asbestos needles in the lung parenchyma. Since, beyond a certain fibre size, asbestos can induce bronchial carcinoma as well as pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma, it is likely that the pericardial mesothelioma had a similar aetiology. PMID- 710282 TI - [Contraindications of residential treatment in coronary disease and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 710283 TI - [Diagnosis of pneumothorax]. PMID- 710285 TI - [Blood transfusion and patient's consent]. PMID- 710284 TI - [Indication for and technic of pneumothorax therapy]. PMID- 710286 TI - [Colon contrast enema following rectoscopy]. PMID- 710287 TI - [Results of treatment of chronic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 710288 TI - [The hypertensive heart. VII. Effect of atenolol on the function, coronary haemodynamics and oxygen uptake of the left ventricle (author's transl)]. AB - After acute beta-adrenergic blockade (5 mg atenolol intravenously) in 11 patients with essential hypertension but no heart failure arterial blood pressure and inotropic state fell slightly (-5.4% and -7.5%, respectively), but there was a definite decrease in heart rate (-13.8%), cardiac index (-11.5%) and cardiac work (-14.3%). There was a marked decrease in coronary blood flow (-14.5%) and myocardial oxygen uptake (-13.6%), while the coronary arterio-venous oxygen difference remained normal. Coronary vascular resistance increased significantly (+12.7%). Atenolol increased the coronary reserve of the left ventricle by about 21% in the five patients in whom it was measured. The results indicate that during acute beta-adrenergic blockade in essential hypertension there is an effective lowering of the left ventricular systolic load, with an equivalent decrease in myocardial energy requirement. The change in coronary vascular resistance and increase in coronary reserve of the left ventricle during this blockade is apparently the result of metabolic changes. PMID- 710289 TI - [Saralasin for renovascular or essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 710291 TI - [Use of computers in heart catheterization. Possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 710290 TI - [The diagnostic value of determining serum-mercaptans in liver disease (author's transl)]. AB - Aliphatic mercaptans (aethanthiol, methanthiol, dimethylsulphide) can be measured in serum with a simple and rapid gaschromatographic method. The test takes 30 minutes. Aethantiol was found to be increased ten-fold (P less than 0.0001) in patients with acute hepatic failure (endogenous coma), while in exogenous hepatic coma it was always normal or decreased. Mild increase in aethanthiol concentration (two or threefold) was also found in chronic aggressive hepatitis, cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice. Methanthiol concentration was elevated in patients with endogenous and exogenous hepatic coma. Values for methanthiol are, however, of only limited use, because methionine is converted in small amounts to methanthiol during the test procedures. Dimethylsulphide is found in only very severe cases of endogenous or exogenous hepatic coma and can be considered to be a prognostically unfavourable sign. Determination of mercaptans makes it possible to differentiate exactly between endogenous and exogenous hepatic coma. Its value also lies in the recognition of the severity of endogenous intoxication and it is suitable for serial and control determination of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. PMID- 710292 TI - [Lymph-node tuberculosis following the discontinuation of BCG vaccination]. PMID- 710293 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography]. PMID- 710294 TI - [Technic of muscular biopsy]. PMID- 710295 TI - [Nature and concept of neglected assistance obligation and refusal of treatment]. PMID- 710296 TI - [Dialysis primer, a learning program for children]. PMID- 710297 TI - [Sports and drugs]. PMID- 710298 TI - [Alcohol and blood picture]. PMID- 710300 TI - [Charge of times of earlier emergency services]. PMID- 710299 TI - [Therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus and of pseudo-le-syndrome]. PMID- 710301 TI - [Carcinogenic effect of reserpine?]. PMID- 710302 TI - [Pain following exertion]. PMID- 710303 TI - [A trial of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for stage IV Hodgkin's disease with initial lung involvement (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1972 and 1975 a total of 20 patients were treated for stage IV Hodgkin's disease with initial lung involvement. All had pathological findings in the mediastinum, and 17 had a nodular-sclerosing type histologically. Four patients were in full remission after six months of multiple chemotherapy. Further chemotherapy or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy achieved full remission in a total of eight patients, i.e. a six-year survival rate of 40%. The prognosis was poor if lung involvement was still evident after six-month chemotherapy. But if the lung involvement disappears radiologically the authors recommend further treatment, analogous to that in stages II and III, i.e. exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy, plus upper and - if necessary - lower section radiotherapy. PMID- 710304 TI - [Epidemiology, clinical data and immune response of an epidemic of hepatitis A (author's transl)]. AB - Almost all members of an affected family (46 persons) were followed up for a year after contracting hepatitis A during an epidemic in a rural area. Sixteen children, one juvenile and a 42-year-old woman had been infected. A mild subclinical course was present in about a third. All but one person in the studied population who were over 25 years had antibody titres from an earlier hepatitis A infection. As result, those who fell ill were almost exclusively children and juveniles with an average age of 15 years. Contagion rate within the family was 56.7% for those not immunised. Antibodies against hepatitis A virus of the IgG class rose in the majority of patients between the sixth and twelfth month of the infection. There was a significant correlation between the titre after one year and maximal GPT and bilirubin levels in the acute phase of the illness. PMID- 710305 TI - [A simple and quick method for measuring low blood-glucose concentrations (author's transl)]. AB - A new method of measuring glucose concentrations (Reflotest-Hypoglycemie) was tested on 141 serum samples and 119 capillary blood samples and compared with the hexokinase-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method. The Reflotest (reflectance meter) compared well with the reference test. Comparison of results with three sera measured by the method in six different laboratories indicated the accuracy of the test. Endogenous bilirubin, uric acid, and haematocrit values did not influence the result. The test is therefore suitable for quantitative measurements. PMID- 710306 TI - [Suicide with beta-methyldigoxin (author's transl)]. AB - A 50-year-old woman committed suicide by taking an overdose of beta methyldigoxin. The interval between swallowing the tablets and death was about 60 minutes. Plasma and tissue samples, taken 163 hours after death, were analysed for glycosides by radioimmunoassay. The plasma-glycoside level was 75.1 ng/ml, in the left ventricular myocardium it was 143.2 ng/g wet-weight. and in the right ventricular myocardium 159.7 ng/g wet-weight. The tissue-plasma ratio for the various parts of the heart varied from 0.8 to 2.1. Death occurred in the early distribution stage. PMID- 710307 TI - [Intrauterine pessary and fertility in Nulliparae]. PMID- 710308 TI - [Physician's knowledge of function of an anesthesia apparatus]. PMID- 710309 TI - [Cholecystitis without cholelithiasis]. PMID- 710310 TI - [Pericarditis constrictiva]. PMID- 710311 TI - [Pancreatic glucagon and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven patients who had had total pancreatic resection had hyperglycaemia (16.8 +/- 7.7 mmol/1 corresponding to 3.02 +/- 1.38 g/l) after fasting for 14 or 36 hours. After arginine stimulation there was no evidence for pancreatic glucagon. These findings indicate that (1) in man there are no sites of pancreatic glucagon production outside of the (resected) pancreas; (2) marked hyperglycaemia may occur without glucagon. PMID- 710313 TI - [Tuberculosis risk of medical personnel]. PMID- 710312 TI - [Heparin in the prevention of thromboembolism after elective hip-joint operations (author's transl)]. AB - Using the 125I-fibrinogen test, the antithrombotic effect of three different heparin schedules was examined in 113 patients untergoing elective hip surgery. Low-dose heparin (3 X 5000 IU/24 h) reduced the incidence of postoperative thrombosis from 60% in the control subjects (not receiving any heparin) to 33%. Combined low-dose heparin and acetylsalicyl-lysine, given intravenously, further reduced the incidence slightly to 27%. Increasing the heparin dosage postoperatively to 3 X 7500 IU/24 h effectively prevented the incidence of thrombosis by reducing it to 11% in these high-risk patients. PMID- 710314 TI - [Classification of hypnotics poisoning]. PMID- 710315 TI - [Tuberculosis risk of medical personnel]. PMID- 710317 TI - [The patient letter]. PMID- 710316 TI - [Income tax assignment of income and expenses of a laboratory community]. PMID- 710318 TI - [Lithium]. PMID- 710319 TI - [Dopamine and dobutamine in the treatment of severe cardiac failure (author's transl)]. AB - Ten patients in severe cardiac failure were treated with dopamine (4 microgram/kg . min) and dobutamine (7.5 microgram/kg.min). Both drugs brought about a similar increase in stroke volume and cardiac output of about 50% and 60%, respectively, accompanied by a fall in peripheral vascular resistance of about 33%. On dopamine the heart rate increased by 12%, but remained unaltered on dobutamine. There was a significant fall in the preload of both ventricles with dobutamine, while ventricular filling pressure during dopamine infusion was only slightly decreased, unchanged or even increased. The pulmonary (wedge) pressure during dopamine infusion averaged 9 mm Hg higher than during dobutamine (P less than 0.001). There is thus the potential danger with dopamine of aggravating pulmonary congestion. Furthermore, the improvement in cardiac function due to dopamine is at the expense of a higher oxygen demand than with dobutamine. Dobutamine is, therfore, preferable to dopamine in the treatment of advanced myocardial failure. PMID- 710321 TI - [The multiple objectives of virus research]. PMID- 710320 TI - [Activator treatment of acute venous thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - Plasminogen activator contains equimolar proportions of streptokinase and human plasminogen, and as proactivator-streptokinase complex it has activator properties. In nine patients with recent venous thromboses of the upper or lower limbs plasminogen activator treatment achieved complete recanalisation in 14 of 27 veins occluded by thrombosis and partially in six. Clotting tests indicated that activator treatment can be better controlled than streptokinase treatment. PMID- 710322 TI - [Viruses as models in molecular biology]. PMID- 710323 TI - [The nature of viruses]. PMID- 710324 TI - [How does the virus enter the cell?]. PMID- 710325 TI - [What is known about the structure of viral genomes?]. PMID- 710327 TI - [The strategy of RNA viruses in protein synthesis]. PMID- 710326 TI - [Research on adenoviruses changing our view of the expression of eukaryotic genes]. PMID- 710328 TI - [Virus envelope as an membrane model]. PMID- 710329 TI - [Regulation of foreign genes in the cell: bacterial plasmids and lysogeny]. PMID- 710330 TI - [Expression of tumor virus genes in normal and malignant cells]. PMID- 710331 TI - [Viruses as infectious agents--a paradox of molecular biology]. PMID- 710332 TI - [Tuba aperta--an open Eustachian tube syndrome]. PMID- 710333 TI - [Gray-Scale cholecystosonography]. PMID- 710334 TI - [Acquired tracheobronchomalacia]. PMID- 710335 TI - [Typical injuries at an outpatient sport clinic]. PMID- 710336 TI - [Citation analysis of the international use of Finnish medical publications]. PMID- 710337 TI - [Febrile convulsions in children]. PMID- 710338 TI - Bilateral metastatic tonsillar disease due to renal-cell carcinoma. PMID- 710339 TI - An atypical case of Treacher Collins syndrome. PMID- 710340 TI - Suction-inserted ventilating tube. PMID- 710341 TI - The role of the physician in clinic dispensing. PMID- 710342 TI - Tinnitus: classification and acoustics. PMID- 710343 TI - Otolaryngologic sequelae of radiation therapy. PMID- 710344 TI - Pott's puffy tumor in a seven-year-old boy. PMID- 710345 TI - Experience of radioimmunoassay of thyroid hormones in a developing country. PMID- 710346 TI - Infusion tomography of the liver in the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess--a preliminary report. PMID- 710347 TI - Management of leukaemia in a developing country (Kenya). PMID- 710348 TI - Pattern of wound infection in the burns unit, Kenyatta National Hospital 1976. PMID- 710349 TI - Carcinoma of the breast at Mulago Hospital 1970--1975. PMID- 710350 TI - Case report of Histoplasma capsulatum pulmonary histoplasmosis in a Kenyan African. PMID- 710351 TI - Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: report of a case presenting with hypertensive cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 710352 TI - [Atmospheric air distribution of algae in winter]. PMID- 710353 TI - [Vertical distribution of 90Sr and 137Cs in the bottom sediments of the Sea of Azov]. PMID- 710354 TI - [Pathology of the stomach stump carcinoma]. PMID- 710355 TI - [Nerve cells in the gastric wall. A lightmicroscopic study on laboratory animals]. PMID- 710356 TI - [Liver lesions caused by biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 710357 TI - [The effect of chronic liver diseases on the inner ear]. PMID- 710358 TI - [Lipids in early changes of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 710359 TI - [A plum pit as a cause for subileus--a case of coloscopic foreign body removal]. PMID- 710360 TI - [Recurrent epicondylalgias: value of electrophysiological studies (135 cases)]. PMID- 710361 TI - [Electrophysiological aspects of degenerative spinal cord diseases]. PMID- 710362 TI - [The birth of a new society for electromyography]. PMID- 710363 TI - [Cortical localizations seen by the dynamic gamma-camera : a new approach in neuropsychology]. AB - We present here the results obtained in the study of normal brain functions, in normal awake man performing normal voluntary tasks, by mean of new approach developed in our laboratory. Its principle lies on the fact that focal changes in cortical blood flow during brain function are due to the coupling between local function aand metabolism, which has been demonstrated in man during hand movement by Olesen (1971) and by Raichle and associates (1976). So far as the changes are focal (uni- or multifocal) they can be assessed by external measurement of focal cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the 133Xenon clearance technique, provided that the detection apparatus used yields a proper spatial and temporal resolution. A temporal resolution of 45 sec. is made possible by the initial slope calculation of Olesen and coll. (1971), using intracarotid injection of isotope. The spatial resolution has been improved by the design of a special system using 254 scintillation detectors with individual collimation, each 8 mm o, connected to individual ratemeters (Sveinsdottir et al., 1975). This allows the simultaneous processing of the 254 clearance curves by a small on-line Varian computer. The results are displayed as functional colour pictures of the brain on a T.B. screen, less than 3 min. after isotope injection. The studies have been performed to date in more than 200 patients, usually in connection with carotid angiography. 84 subjects could be classified as "normals+ because of lack of detectable brain lesion and of permanent symptoms, and they constitute the reference material for exploring normal brain functions. In each case one or two "rest" studies have been made for comparison with the test situations. The following observations were made: Resting pattern: with the patients lying in a quiet dark room with minimal sensory input the normal pattern is much the same in both hemispheres and it is characterized by higher flows in the anterior upper parts of the frontal lobes (fig. 1 a). The percent variation in a given area during two different rest studies is about 5 percent (fig. 1 b). Primary sensory inputs. Auditory and visual inputs activate the corresponding parts of temporal and occipital regions (fig. 2 and 3). Simple cutaneous stimulation such as touch or vibrations do not change the rest pattern. Moderate pain gives a global increase of CBF, pre-dominantly in the frontal regions (Ingvar, 1976). Vestibular stimulation with cold or warm water in the ear gives an increase of rCBF in the parietal regions. Simple movements. Movements of mouth, eyes, hand or foot clearly activate the corresponding parts of the central region, with an increase of rCBF up to 50--100% (Sveinsdottir et al., 1975). When the movement is repetitive there is in all cases an additional clearcut increase in the upper premotor region, probably including the supplementary motor area. This last region is activated alone when the subject tries to imagine a movement without actually moving (fig. 5 a, b, c). Sensory discrimination... PMID- 710364 TI - Time distortion in acute phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis. A correlation between 30 seconds estimation and urine drugs levels. AB - In fifteen patients hospitalized with phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis, several measures of psychopathology, including those of time distorsion, were examined in relationship to urine PCP levels and duration of hsopitalization. Impaired ability to estimate thirty seconds duration was found to correlate significantly with a higher urine PCP level and a longer hospitalization, the test for ability to estimate thirty seconds may be useful in clinical management of patients with PCP psychosis particularly when there is no urine PCP level available. PMID- 710366 TI - Structure of human luteinizing hormone alpha subunit. AB - Structural studies have substantiated the concept that the glycoprotein hormones consist of a "common" alpha subunit and "hormone-specific" beta subunit. Despite this, consensus is still lacking concerning certain portions of the amino acid sequences, including alignment of residues 81--82 in the alpha subunit. We have carried out sequence analysis of the alpha subunit of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) to clarify the assignment of these residues and to examine further the nature of the amino-terminal heterogeneity found among the different alpha subunits. Our structure showed residues 80--84 to be -His-Cys-Ser-Thy-Cys-, consistent with findings of others for human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The extensive degree of heterogeneity found in the amino terminal region of hFSH and hCG is present to only a minor extent in hLH. The differences in the pattern of amino-terminal heterogeneity among the various hormones may result from differences in the nature of cleavage of subunit from a larger intracellular precursor peptide. PMID- 710365 TI - Plasma mineralocorticoids, plasma renin, and urinary kallikrein in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats. AB - Plasma aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 18-hydroxy-deoxycorticosterone (18OH-DOC), and corticosterone were measured in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt resistant (R) rats. Plasma corticosterone and DOC were not different between strains but plasma aldosterone was decreased and plasma 18OH-DOC increased in S compared to R. Plasma renin activity and urinary kallikrein excretion were both lower in S than R. Urinary kallikrein is known to vary directly with mineralocorticoid activity and 18OH-DOC is a weak mineralocorticoid. The lower urinary kallikrein in the presence of elevated 18OH-DOC could mean that urinary kallikrein differences between S and R are under independent genetic control from 18OH-DOC. PMID- 710367 TI - The occurrence of 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-induced hypertension in the Long Evans rat. AB - The sensitivity of two strains of rat to the hypertensinogenic action of DOC was studied. Hypertensive cardiovascular disease was evident within 3 weeks of implantation of DOC pellets in sensitized female rats of the Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans strains. Cardiac and renal hypertrophy due to DOC treatment was evident in both strains of rat. The DOC treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in absolute adrenal weight. These results, which indicate that Long Evans rats are not resistant to DOC-induced hypertension, contrast with previous reports by others. An explanation of the discrepancy may be the use of free DOC rather than DOC acetate in the present study. PMID- 710368 TI - Electrophoretic and histochemical studies on hepatic 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the rat. AB - Four isozymes of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD) appeared in rat livers to be classified into three categories concerned with the requirement of coenzyme. Two isozymes in the first group had affinity for both NAD and NADP. One of the other isozymes classified in the second was linked with NADP to show specificity for 5beta-androstan-3alpha-ol-17-one (etiocholanolone) as the steroid substrate. An isozyme belonging to the third required only NAD as cofactor. This has the same migration rate of a lactate-dehydrogenase isozyme. In the histochemical observation, the maximal activity of the enzyme was demonstrated with 5-alpha androstan-3alpha-ol-17 one (androsterone) but not with etiocholanolone as a substrate. On the other hand, all 3 alpha-HSD isozymes revealed by electrophoresis showed a higher affinity for etiocholanolone than androsterone. It is worthwhile to note that the zymogram of 3alpha-HSD in the cold acetone-treated section was essentially the same as the zymogram in the intact liver. All isozymes in the section were highest in activity when etiocholanolone was used as a substrate. These findings indicate that in the cold acetone-treated section the enzyme still has affinity for etiocholanolone to resist the histochemical procedure employed. PMID- 710369 TI - Histometric study of the pituitary in mice treated neonatally with steroids and the relationship between prolactin cells and mammary tumorigenesis. AB - Neonatal female mice of the BALB/cC3H/Crgl strain were given daily injections of 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and prolactin, singly and in some combinations, for 5 days beginning within 36 hr after birth. Mice were killed at tumor age or by 12 months of age. Differential cell counts of the anterior pituitary showed that prolactin cells were more numerous in neomatally estrogen-treated mice and progesterone-treated intact mice than in control mice. Paired analysis of tumor bearing and non-tumor-bearing mice of all groups revealed that the occurrence of prolactin cells was greater in the former than the latter. Counts of gonadotropes and thyrotropes did not show any significant correlation with mammary tumorigenesis. However, neonatal estrogen and/or progesterone treatment resulted in significantly decreased numbers of gonadotropes in intact mice. In ovariectomized mice, gonadotropes were significantly increased regardless of neonatal treatment. The present results support the suggestion that the stimulatory effects of neonatal steroid treatment of mammary tumorigenesis may be a consequence of increased prolactin secretion, resulting from sustained minimal estrogen secretion by the ovary. PMID- 710370 TI - Inhibition of fetal adrenal 21-hydroxylase by naturally occurring steroids. AB - Inhibitory effects of naturally occurring steroids on 21-hydroxylase activity were determined by measuring the initial conversion rate of 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3, 20-dione) to 11-deoxycortisol (17alpha, 21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3, 20-dione) in incubation experiments with the microsomal fraction (10,000--105,000 X g percipitate) of the human fetal adrenal gland. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for conversion of 17 hydroxyprogesterone was 13.3 X 10(-6)M. Human fetal adrenal 21-hydroxylase was inhibited by some of the steroids produced in the feto-placental unit. The following steroids acted as competitive inhibitors of the reaction; progesterone (Ki = 20.0 X 10(-6)M), 11-deoxycortisol (Ki = 87.5 X 10(-6)M) and estradiol 17beta (Ki = 87.5 X 10(-6)M). The most potent inhibitor among the estrogens was estradiol-17beta. PMID- 710371 TI - Effect of CB-154 therapy on the glucose tolerance, IRI and GH response to glucose administration in acromegaly. AB - Effects of CB-154 therapy on the glucose tolerance, IRI and GH responses to the oral glucose administration in 5 acromegalic patients with impaired glucose tolerance were examined. Glucose tolerance improved in all patients with a reduction in GH levels. Insulin secretion in response to the oral glucose administration was exaggerated in 3 patients, while it was supressed in 2 patients who had severely impaired glucose tolerance. After receiving CB-154 therapy, hyperresponsiveness of insulin observed in the 3 patients and a suppressed response in one patient were corrected to normal, while a low response in another stayed unchanged. This observation suggest that variable abnormalities in insulin secretion induced by the excess of GH improve with a decrease in plasma GH levels. However, the abnormal GH secretion in response to hyperglycemia persisted still after administration of CB-154 in spite of decreased basal plasma GH levels. PMID- 710372 TI - Plasma TSH and prolactin response to insulin induced hypoglycemia in patients with hypothalamic pituitary disorders. AB - Plasma TSH and prolactin (PRL) responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (ITT) were examined in 37 patients with various hypothalamic pituitary disorders. Four patients showed a definite TSH response to ITT. They were 2 patients with suspected pinealoma with diabetes insipidus (DI), a patient with pituitary adenoma and a patient with acute prophyria. A suspected hypothalamic dysfunction and a slightly impaired pituitary function manifested as GH deficiency were their common endocrinological features. On the contrary, plasma PRL response to ITT was noted in about one third of the patients examined, but no concomitant PRL response was observed in any of the patients with a definite TSH response. This suggested a different mechanism of TSH and PRL secretion may be different under this circumstance and a certain factor related to the hypothalamic disorder may play a modulating role in an unusual TSH response to hypoglycemia in these particular patients. PMID- 710373 TI - Effect of thyroidectomy on the secretory profiles of growth hormone, thyrotropin and corticosterone in the rat. AB - Changes in pituitary hormone secretions following thyroidectomy were examined in sequentially collected blood samples every 15 min day and night for 7 hr from male rats via cannulae into the right atria. Pulsatile growth hormone secretions were observed every 2.5 or 3.5 hr in normal rats, while thyroidectomy 3 weeks prior to experiments abolished the growth hormone burst. Corticosterone profiles from normal rats showed also episodic patterns which were more often observed in the night experiment. The eisodic secretion of corticosterone seemed to inhibit the subsequent growth hormone burst but not vice versa. The interrelation between integrated concentrations of growth hormone and corticosterone showed a negative correlation although the coefficient was not statistically significant. After thyroidectomy, the basal level of corticosterone decreased and the episodic secretion was blunted. There was no nyctohemeral variation in the plasma thyrotropin level in normal rats but small and slow fluctuations. Thyroidectomy caused about ten-fold elevation in the basal thyrotropin level and, in addition to this, a decrease at 1500 hr and an increase during the night, followed thereafter by a decreasing tendency to 0400 hr. Power spectral analysis revealed smaller components in growth hormone secretion of normal rats, which had periods of 60, 40 and 36 min, besides the hormone burst. The spectral analysis also made it clear that there were small and frequent components (40 or 36 min period) in corticosterone secretion. PMID- 710374 TI - Methods of electrophoretical application of estrogen to a single neuron of the brain under in vivo and in vitro conditions. AB - The techniques of the electrophoretical study of hormone sensitivities of neurons were examined in vivo and in vitro. For the in vivo study, estrogen and other hormones were applied electrophoretically to neurons of the rat brain of both sexes under urethane anesthesia. Some neurons were sensitive to estrogen and their activities were all inhibited. These neurons were distributed in the hypothalamus and the septal nucleus of the limbic system. So the in vivo method affords direct evidence for the presence of estrogen-sensitive neurons in the brain. Then a useful method was found to study the similar effects under the microscopic observations of a single neuron instead of stereotaxic insertion of the microelectrode. By this in vitro method the chemicals and hormones are able to be applied to any point on a single neuron through the micropipette and the medium composition around the neuron can be variously changed at the same time. PMID- 710375 TI - Pineal--adenohypophysial relationships in rats. An ultrastructural contribution. PMID- 710376 TI - Effect of a single large hydrocortisone dose on the behaviour of proteins in subcellular fractions of guinea pig liver. PMID- 710377 TI - [Effect of cortisone acetate on acid mucopolysaccharide (glycosaminoglycans) content in rabbit kidney]. PMID- 710378 TI - [Effects of chronic experimental intoxication with benzene and ethylene vapors on the pituitary-adrenal system]. PMID- 710379 TI - Attempt at pharmacological treatment of a pituitary tumor with bromocriptine. PMID- 710380 TI - [Case of olfacto-genital syndrome]. PMID- 710381 TI - [Nomenclature of peptide hormones]. PMID- 710382 TI - Reaction of 4-methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate with proteases in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Protease activity, assayed using 4-methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate, an active site titrant of certain proteases, is significantly deficient in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. The deficiency can be demonstrated with both chloroform-ellagic acid activated plasma in which the proteases can hydrolyze esters of arginine and unactivated plasma in which the proteases have negligible activity towards these esters. The deficiency can also be demonstrated by separation of the proteases by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels or by chromatography on agarose columsn. Since protease deficiency can be demonstrated with unactivated plasma, the deficiency in cystic fibrosis is probably due to a reduced number of protease molecules rather than their decreased catalytic efficiency. PMID- 710383 TI - Dysregulation of protein synthesis in injured liver. A comparative study on microsomal and cytosole enzyme activities, microsomal lipoperoxidation and polysomal pattern in D-galactosamine and carbon tetrachloride-injured livers. AB - Despite the presence of a marked decrease in liver protein content 48 h after a single injection of D-galactosamine, increased activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, low-Km hexokinase and pyruvate kinase type M2 were observed in the injured liver. Microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content in liver decreased significantly in 48 h of galactosamine treatment but not in the first 2 h in contrast with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) intoxication. The extents of those changes were not so great as in CCl4-treated rats. The disaggreation of polyribosomes in liver was observed in 24 h of galactosamine treatment. However, the formation of microsomal lipoperoxidation did not increase in the entire course of acute liver injury by the amino sugar. These results taken together with our previous observations indicate that the dysregulation of protein synthesis is an essential biochemical event of hepatocyte injury induced by treatment of rats with galactosamine as well as CCl4. PMID- 710384 TI - Assay of leucine aminotransferase in rat tissues and tumors. AB - A survey of leucine aminotransferase activities in an extensive variety of rat tissues further defined the unique distribution of this enzyme. Its reaction was measured in cell-free extracts under optimal conditions, and its product assayed both colorimetrically and with 14CO2 formed from it by decarboxylation with H2O2. The two methods agreed, though the second was more precise and dependable. In all the tissues and cell fractions examined, except adult liver, the activities with valine and isoleucine were parallel and similar to that with leucine. In adult liver there was low activity only with leucine, which is referable to a known isozyme (type II). Although the fraction of enzyme activity present in mitochondria has often been neglected, these studies showed that this portion in all tissues is about equal, more or less, to that of the more familiar soluble forms. There was good agreement between the relative concentrations of this enzyme in the commonly measured rat tissue preparations as determined here and in the more recently published studies. The unique occurrence of high levels of this enzyme in heart, kidney, brain and muscle, in that order, was confirmed. The unusual distribution of this enzyme was emphasized by the recognition that equally high or even higher levels also occurred in pancreas, lactating mammary gland and salivary gland. The relative amounts were less in normal, undifferentiated and in neoplastic tissues. PMID- 710385 TI - Dihydropteridine reductase activity of adult, fetal and neoplastic tissues. AB - Optimal conditions for the assay of dihydropteridine reductase in crude tissue extracts have been developed. Among adult rat tissues, liver and kidney had the highest activity followed by thymus, lung, cerebellum and cerebrum. Fetal tissues and neoplasms exhibit lower activities than the cognate adult tissues. In both liver and kidney the developmental upsurge of dihydropteridine reductase, which produces the cofactor necessary for the hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids, begins earlier than does that of phenylalanine hydroxylase. In human liver and lung also, the dihydropteridine reductase activity doubles between midgestation and adult life. The undifferentiated enzymic composition of neoplasms is reflected by the lower dihydropteridine reductase content of pulmonary tumors than of nonneoplastic human lung. PMID- 710386 TI - Postnatal behaviour of guanase activity in rat tissues. AB - The behaviour of guanase activity and the 8-azaguanine/guanine deamination ratio of rat tissues during postnatal development were studied. In the liver and brain, the enzymatic activity, present from birth, gradually increases up to the 4th week. In the kidney, guanase activity appears after the 1st week and reaches the level found in adult tissues after the 6th week. The value of the deamination ratio of tissues at birth is higher than that of adult animal tissues. PMID- 710387 TI - Validity of the relative percent concept for equating training intensity. AB - The validity of the relative percent concept for equating training intensity was investigated using the point of metabolic acidosis (anaerobic threshold) as the criterion variable. Percent oxygen uptake, heart rate and metabolic acidosis were determined at 60, 70, and 80% of max heart rate on a bicycle ergometer test(N = 31). At 60 and 70% of max heart rate only one individual was definitely in metabolic acidosis. At 80% max heart rate 17 subjects were working at a level above the point of metabolic acidosis while 14 were working at or below this point. Thus, it was suggested that even if subjects are exercising at the same relative percent miximum HR, the metabolic stress using metabolic acidosis as the criterion is not constant across subjects. It was further shown that the regression of percent VO2 max on percent max HR was a spurious one resulting in poor prediction of individual VO2 values. The data presented suggest that the relative percent concept for equating exercise or subsequent training intensity needs careful re-evaluation. PMID- 710388 TI - Cardiopulmonary adjustment and metabolic response to maximal and submaximal physical exercise of boys and girls at different stages of maturity. AB - Cardiopulmonary and metabolic variables were investigated at maximal and submaximal bicycle ergometer exercises in 41 swimmers of both sexes, 8--18 years old. VO2 max and VO2 max . HR-1 were higher in boys than in girls and increased with maturity, while VO2 max. kg-1 and HVE were not influenced by this. The HV increased clearly during this growth period, the pubertal and postpubertal subjects showing 16 and 17% higher values for HV and HV . kg-1 than those reported in normal schoolchildren populations. During the submaximal exercise at 70% VO2 max the highest HR values were found in the prepubertal group, whilst the lowest were observed in the postpubertal subjects. These findings suggest that a given percentage of VO2 max as a reference unit, is more reliable than a certain HR to obtain comparable results in subjects with different ages. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after the submaximal exercise. Blood glucose and FFA did not differ in relation to the stages of maturity. During exercise, insulin decreased in prepubertal children, did not alter in pubertal adolescents, and increased in postpubertal subjects. The lactate concentration, during exercise, increased in relation to maturity. The same results were found for HGH, but no differences were found with regard to sex. Since the pattern of HGH secretion during exercise is similar to that found after arginine and insulin administration it is assumed that the same mechanism (i.e., sex hormones) triggers the HGH release. PMID- 710389 TI - Specificity of metabolic and circulatory responses to arm or leg interval training. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolic and circulatory responses to interval training of legs or arms during steady-state, submaximal cycling. 15 college males cycled on a bicycle ergometer twice with arms (63 and 83 W) and twice with legs (100 and 125 W) before and following 5 weeks of daily interval training. Seven subjects trained with arm cycling and eight with leg cycling. Significant post-training decreases in submaximal oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and venous blood lactate (LA(V)) were noted when cycling with trained and untrained muscles with the magnitude of change significantly greater with trained muscles. These results indicate metabolic and circulatory adaptations to interval training that are mediated centrally and peripherally. With respect to HR, but not VO2, training a larger muscle mass (legs) produced a greater central but lesser peripheral effect whereas the opposite was true for the smaller arm muscles. The data also suggested that the peripheral adaptation involves a common mechanism controlling both HR and LA(V)) changes with a separate mechanism controlling VO2. PMID- 710390 TI - Changes in VO2 max and running performance with training. PMID- 710391 TI - [Performance- and strain-compensation with informatory work]. AB - With results from literature it is shown that eye-blinking-rate is negative significant correlated with physiologic performance ability. Experiments with an abstract tracking task presented in this paper confirm that eye-blinking-rate is an indicator for activation. Taking in the indicator for activation (blinking rate), tracking performance and central-physiological strain, phases of performance- and strain-compensation (stability, effort, fatigue, performance break-down) are defined in an hierarchical concept of stability. The compensatory processes of the human operator are discussed on the background of a stress strain-concept taking account of the principle of feed-back. PMID- 710392 TI - Maximal oxygen intake and body composition of female dancers. AB - Complete paucity of any data regarding the influence of habitual dance on cardiovascular-pulmonary fitness and body composition of female dancers prompted this study in which 12 female dancers and 12 sedentary female students of the same age range participated as subjects. Maximal oxygen intake was determined on the treadmill, body composition was calculated from skinfolds and vital signs were determined besides measurements of height and weight. Dancers had significantly lower weight, lower resting heart rate, and lower diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure was also lower in dancers but the difference between the means did not reach statistical significance. Maximal oxygen intake was higher in dancers when expressed in relative terms. Dancers had also significantly lower total body fat. In conclusion, it seems tha, dance with all the variations, should be encouraged in schools as a suitable behavioral modifier of sedentary habits and for maintenance of physical fitness and ideal weight. PMID- 710393 TI - Hormonal changes in serum in young men during prolonged physical strain. AB - The endocrine response to severe physical strain including lack of sleep has been investigated in army personnel during a combat course of 5 days' duration. The thyroxine (T4) concentration in serum increased during the first 24 h, and then declined at a rate corresponding to a halflife of 7.6 days and on day 6 had reached the lowest level, 55 ng/ml. Triiodothyronine (T3) displayed a similar pattern, although an increase during the first 24 h could not be demonstrated. Within 48 h after the course T4 had returned to normal, whereas the serum level of T3 was significantly below the level before the course (p less than 0.05). The serum level of TSH was suppressed during the course. The serum level of prolactin was significantly suppressed and growth hormone was markedly elevated during the course with a significant negative correlation (r=-0.6) between the two. In agreement with a previous report, there was a rapid and sustained suppression of the serum level of testosterone to a mean level of 1.1 ng/ml on day 5. Short periods of sleep (3--6 h) were shown to be effective in reversing the changes described in this paper, especially for growth hormone, prolactin, and testosterone. PMID- 710394 TI - Subcellular localization of two long-chain acyl-coenzyme-A synthetases in Candida lipolytica. AB - Studies have been made on the subcellular localization of two long-chain acyl coenzyme-A synthetases as well as glycerolphosphate acyltransferase and the acyl CoA-oxidizing system in Candida lipolytica grown on oleic acid. Acyl-CoA synthetase I is distributed among different subcellular fractions, including microsomes and mitochondria where glycerolphosphate acyltransferase is located. On the other hand, acyl-CoA synthetase II is localized in microbodies where the acyl-CoA-oxidizing system is located. These results support our previous conclusion that acyl-CoA synthetase I is responsible for the production of acyl CoA to be utilized for the synthesis of cellular lipids, while acyl-CoA synthetase II provides acyl-CoA that is exclusively degraded via beta-oxidation. PMID- 710395 TI - Adaptive responses of enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to dietary alteration in genetically obese Zucker rats (fa/fa). AB - 1. Measurements have been made of the activities of enzymes of the glycolytic route, the pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissue from genetically obese (fa/fa) rats and their lean litter mates (fa/ --). The effect of food restriction for a period of three weeks on the enzyme profile of liver and adipose tissue of the obese rat was also studied. 2. The most striking increases in enzyme activity in livers from obese rats were: (a) among enzymes of lipogenesis; ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) and cytoplasmic glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase; (b) within the pentose phosphate pathway; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; (c) within the glycolytic pathway; glucokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. All of these enzymes showed a significant increase in activity on the basis of U/g liver and U/mg DNA. In adipose tissue all the enzymes of lipogenesis, of the glycolytic route, of the oxidative segment of the pentose phosphate pathway and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were increased when expressed as U/2 fat pads or as U/mg DNA. 3. The restriction of the food intake of obese rats to that consumed by their lean litter mates for periods of three weeks did not produce the expected adaptive decrease in enzymes of lipogenesis; in adipose tissue, only ATP-citrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) showed a marked decrease; no significant change was found in adipose tissue or liver of the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, when expressed on a cell basis (U/mg DNA). The non-oxidative enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway and enzymes involved in glycerogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) all increased in adipose tissue from limit-fed obese rats. 4. The rate of conversion of specifically labelled glucose to (14C)O2 and 14C-labelled lipid by pieces of adipose tissue and by liver slices was also measured. Insulin caused an increase in the conversion of (1-14C)glucose to (14C)O2 and 14C labelled lipid in obese rats fed ad libitum, limit-fed rats and in their lean litter mates. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the raised insulin and hypothyroid state of the obese rat. The effect of this altered hormonal status on the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and cellular levels of adenosine 3' :5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3' :5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3' :5'-monophosphate in relation to the obese syndrome is considered. PMID- 710396 TI - Interaction between membrane functions and protein synthesis in reticulocytes. Isolation of RNase M, a membrane component inhibiting protein synthesis through specific endonucleolytic activity. AB - An inhibitor of protein synthesis has been isolated from reticulocyte membranes by solubilization with Triton X-100; it has been purified using heat treatment, filtration on Amicon filters, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. A final purification of 120-fold was achieved. The purified inhibitor was found to be 95% homogenous when run on a dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel system. Three independent methods were used to estimate the molecular weight of the purified inhibitor: Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sucrose gradient all confirmed that the purified inhibitor was a small molecule with a sedimentation coefficient of 0.7 S and a molecular weight ranging between 5000 and 8000. The purified inhibitor was shown to possess a specific endonucleolytic activity, degrading the 28-S species of ribosomal RNA to species sedimenting between 10 and 14 S. Due to its membrane localisation the name RNase M is proposed. The purified inhibitor's endonucleolytic activity was characterized with regard to its kinetics, concentration dependence, pH optimum and its requirements for divalent cations. Kinetics showed that RNase M retained its specificity after 60 min of incubation with the RNA substrate. Specificity was also demonstrated by incubating the polysomal RNA with high concentrations of purified enzyme. The pH optimum was found to be between pH 6 and pH 7, and the enzyme did not require divalent cations for its activity. Pancreatic RNase B used at a similar protein synthesis inhibitory concentration as the RNase M caused a complete breakdown of ribosomal RNA to oligonucleotides and mononucleotides. The possible biological significance of the purified inhibitor in regulating protein synthesis in the maturing reticulocyte is discussed. PMID- 710397 TI - Characteristics of the active transport of Ca2+ by submitochondrial vesicles. AB - Inner membrane vesicles have been prepared by cholate treatment of rat liver mitoplasts. The vesicles can actively accumulate Ca2+ in the absence or presence of inorganic phosphate. The uptake is inhibited by ruthenium red and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Like in intact mitochondria the driving force for the uptake reaction seems to be the negative inside membrane potential generated during the oxidation of substrates. The level of antimycin-A-sensitive reduction of ferricyanide by succinate indicates that the cholate inner membrane vesicles are about 70% right side out. Using cytochrome-c-extracted inner membrane vesicles it can be shown that only those which have the same right-side-out polarity as intact mitochondria can actively accumulate Ca2+. PMID- 710398 TI - A 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of the solution conformation of the isoinhibitor K from Helix pomatia. AB - The isoinhibitor K from Helix pomatia was investigated by high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance at 360 MHZ. Detailed studies of the labile protons and the resonances of the aromatic residues indicated extensive homologies between the spatial structures of the snail inhibitor, the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) from bovine tissue and the cos colostrum trypsin inhibitor. Comparison of these three homologous inhibitors indicated that the overall flexibility of the globular protein conformation is reduced and its stability with respect to thermal denaturation raised when the content of amino acids with charged side chains is increased. It is suggested that this relation between amino acid composition and stability of the globular solution structure might be valid also for other classes of homologous proteins. PMID- 710399 TI - The amino-acid sequence of S-100 protein (PAP I-b protein) and its relation to the calcium-binding proteins. AB - The amino acid sequence of a brain-specific protein, S-100, has been determined by the analysis of four cyanogen bromide peptides and fourteen tryptic peptides derived from the protein. The protein chain consists of 91 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 10507. The sequence shows regions of stong clustering of hydrophobic, basic and acidic amino acids, with an apparent calcium binding site in the acidic cluster. PMID- 710400 TI - Pyrimidine metabolism in microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. AB - If microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum are exposed to 14C-labelled pyrimidine nucleosides or bases, an unusual pattern of metabolism is found. Only the nucleosides are taken up. Analysis of the distribution of the radioactivity in the cells revealed that ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides are incorporated into nucleotides; however, a substantial catabolism takes place. Thus incubation with [2-14C]pyrimidine nucleosides readily gives rise to [14C]O2, particularly in the case of [2-14C]thymidine. Due to this a significant part of the trichloroacetic-acid-insoluble radioactivity from exogenously supplied [2 14C]thymidine is not associated with DNA. The pattern of labelling of nucleoside triphosphates from exogenously supplied nucleosides indicated that the de novo synthesis of nucleotides was only partly repressed. An unusual conversion of deoxycytidine into cytidine was noted. Enzyme analysis on cell-free extracts revealed that pyrimidine nucleosides can be salvaged by kinases and that their initial catabolism is initiated by hydrolases. Incubation of microplasmodia with pyrimidine analogues showed that only nucleoside analogues are toxic. The experimental results have led us to propose a scheme for the metabolism of pyrimidine nucleosides and bases in Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 710401 TI - Conformation of erabutoxins a and b in aqueous solution as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism. AB - The 270-MHZ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of erabutoxins a and b have been observed in 2H2O solution. By the use of convolution difference and double resonance techniques, proton signals in the aromatic and methyl regions have been assigned. From the pH dependence of NMR chemical shifts, the pKa value of His-26 of erabutoxin b is found to be 5.8, whereas His-7 of erabutoxins a and b is not protonated at pH above 3. The imidazole ring of His-7 is protonated upon the denaturation at pH 2.85. The acid denaturation process has been followed by the His-26 and methyl proton signals and is found to be reversible but is slow as compared with NMR chemical shift time scale. The circular dichroism (CD) of erabutoxin b has also been observed. The denaturation is found to involve a major change from the beta-rich conformation to a disordered one. The NMR and CD changes upon acid denaturation are satisfactorily explained by the two-state process. The deuterium exchange rates of the C-2 protons of His-26 and His-7 of erabutoxin b indicate that His-26 is exposed to the solvent whereas His-7 is tightly buried in the interior of the protein globule. The pKa value of Tyr-25 is as high as about 12.0, possibly due to the hydrogen bond formation between the hydroxyl group of Tyr-25 and a carboxylate group. The hydroxyl group of Tyr-25 is reversibly titrated so that this group is not buried tightly in the interior of the protein globule. The line width of the aromatic proton signals of Tyr-25 is significantly broad at room temperature, suggesting a restricted rotation of the aromatic ring. The aromatic proton signals of Trp-29 are fairly sharp; this aromatic ring is exposed and mobile. Except for His-7, the micro-environments of Tyr-25, His-26, and Trp-29 residues and methyl proton signals of valine and isoleucine are consistent with the locations of alpha carbon atoms as elucidated by X-ray crystal analyses. PMID- 710402 TI - The complete amino-acid sequence of histone H2B(3) from sperm of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus. AB - The primary structure of a third H2B histone isolated from sperm of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus has been determined. H2B(3) consists of a polypeptide chain of the following 148 amino acid residues: Pro-Arg-Ser-Pro-Ala-Lys-Thr-Ser Pro-Arg-Lys-Gly-Ser-Pro-Arg-Lys-Gly-Ser-Pro-Arg-Lys-Gly-Ser-Pro-Ser-Arg-Lys-Ala Ser-Pro-Lys-Arg-Gly-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Arg-Ala-Gly-Lys-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg Val-Val-Lys-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Glu-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Ile-Tyr-Ile-Tyr-Lys-Val-Leu Lys-Gln-Val-His-Pro-Asp-Thr-Gly-Ile-Ser-Ser-Arg-Ala-Met-Ser-Val-Met-Asn-Ser-Phe Val-Asn-Asp-Val-Phe-Glu-Arg-Ile-Ala-Ser-Glu-Ala-Ser-Arg-Leu-Thr-Ser-Ala-Asn-Arg Arg-Ser-Thr-Val-Ser-Ser-Arg-Glu-Ile-gln-Thr-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Leu-Leu-Pro-Gly-Glu Leu-Ala-Lys-His-Ala-Val-Ser-Glu-Gly-Thr-Lys-Ala-Val-Thr-Lys-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Ser-Arg. H2B(3) Parechinus closely resembles HIB(2) Parechinus but has one additional repeating pentapeptide in the amino-terminal region and a serine replacing glycine at position 98. PMID- 710403 TI - Ecdysone oxidase: reaction and specificity. AB - Ecdysone oxidase oxidizes 3-hydroxysteroids of the excysteroid type irreversibly to 3-dehydro derivatives. The hydrogen of the steroid is transferred by the enzyme to oxygen which is reduced to hydrogen peroxide. Ecdysone oxidase is relatively specific for ecdysone and ecdysterone. Apparent Michaelis constants for these two physiological substrates are 98 and 31 micron, respectively. Cholesterol oxidase and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases which catalyze similar reactions are unable to oxidize ecdysteroids. PMID- 710404 TI - D-Glucose transport in Trypanosoma brucei. D-Glucose transport is the rate limiting step of its metabolism. AB - D-Glucose and 2-deoxyglucose enter the 'long-slender' bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei only by means of a carrier-mediated process; no free diffusion can be observed. Permeation is not energy-dependent. The uptake is driven by the downhill concentration gradient of free substrate. The latter is maintained by the continual removal of sugar, due to the extremely high activities of the glycolytic enzymes. The permeation process is the rate-limiting step of glucose consumption, because permeation proceeds at a rate slower than metabolism. The inhibition of sugar uptake by glycerol was tested. Interactions at the carrier site can be ruled out since glucose and its 2-deoxy analog exhibit different inhibition kinetics. PMID- 710405 TI - Structure of an (A-blood-group)-active glycolipid isolated from human erythrocytes. AB - An (A-blood-group)-active glycolipid possessing 23 sugars has been isolated, from human erythrocyte membrane. Smith degradation and methylation studies allow a structure to be proposed of the nonreducing end of the oligosaccharide chain. PMID- 710406 TI - High-resolution proton-magnetic-resonance studies of chromatin core particles. AB - The binding of histones in chromatin core particles and in core particles depleted of histones H2A and H2B has been studied by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at 270 MHZ. At low ionic strengths it is shown that histones H3 and H4 are bound in the core particle. Further, whereas the apolar regions of H2A and H2B are also bound to the core particle, the basic N terminal and C-terminal regions are more mobile and give rise to sharp resonances in the NMR spectrum of the core particle. Between 0.3 and 0.6 M NaCl there is further release of basic regions of histones H3 and H4 from the complex. The dissociation of the core particle between 0.6 and 2.0 M NaCl is accompanied by the release of the structured apolar regions of the histones as evidenced by the appearance of a complex aromatic spectrum and perturbed upfield ring-current shifted methyl resonances. Arginine residues are implicated in the binding between histones and DNA and 69% of these residues are found in the apolar regions of the histones. The interactions between histones and DNA in the core particle thus involves H3 and H4 and the apolar regions of H2A and H2B. It is suggested that these basic regions of H2A and H2B have binding sites outside the core particle. PMID- 710407 TI - Analysis of phosphorylation of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - We describe a method for examining the state of phosphorylation of initiation factor eIF-2 in reticulocyte lysates. The procedure involves incubation of the lysate with iodo[1-14C]acetate in 8.5 M urea, and fractionation of the labelled proteins by two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. This approach has been used to show that haem deficiency, double-stranded RNA, and oxidised glutathione, which all inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis in an analogous manner, all cause a net increase in the level of phosphorylated eIF-2 in the complete lysate protein synthesis system. PMID- 710408 TI - Biochemical characterization of the restriction-modification system of Bacillus sphaericus. AB - A type II restriction endonuclease (endo R . Bsp) has been purified from Bacillus sphaericus to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme appears to be a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 35000. Its pH optimum is around 8.2, it requires 20 mM Mg2+ for optimal activity and it is inhibited by Zn2+. The yield of the enzyme is higher than that of any type II restriction endonuclease so far reported. The enzyme also cleaves single-stranded DNA, albeit at a slower rate. It seems likely that single-stranded DNA is cleaved at the same sequences as double-stranded DNA. Bacillus sphaericus also contains a modification methylase (meth M . Bsp) which completely protects the cell's own DNA against cleavage by its restriction endonuclease. The methylase activity has been partially purified, it copurifies with the nuclease until the next to the last step. The enzyme does not require ATP or Mg2+, it transfers the methyl group of S adenosyl-methionine to cytosine residues of DNA. As the action of this methylase completely protects any DNA from endo R . Bsp cleavage, it seems likely that the methylase recognizes and methylates the same sequence (dG-dG-dC-dC) as the nuclease. PMID- 710409 TI - The structure of chromatin replicated in vitro. AB - Nuclei from concanavalin-A-activated lymphocytes were used to study the replication of chromatin in vitro. Micrococcal nuclease was employed to obtain information about the structure of the replicated chromatin. The nuclease digestion products were examined by sucrose gradient sedimentation and by gel electrophoresis. Experiments are presented which indicate that DNA replicated in vitro is organized into chromatin whose structure is similar to that of bulk chromatin. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (a) DNA replicated in vitro is associated with typical chromatin subunits (nucleosomes) even after short replication times, when the newly replicated DNA consists almost entirely of Okazaki fragments; (b) the length of internucleosomal spacer DNA in part of the replicated chromatin corresponds to that in bulk chromatin. Evidence which suggests that the structure of nucleosomes is transiently altered in the vicinity of the replication fork is presented. PMID- 710410 TI - Purification and characterization of an endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus that acts on depurinated and carcinogen-modified DNA. AB - An endonuclease which is active with regard to depurinated, alkylated, arylated, and arylamidated DNA has been purified 500-fold from Micrococcus luteus. In this purification, separation from the pyrimidine-dimer-specific ultraviolet endonuclease has been achieved. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 30000 on the basis of gel filtration; its activity is not absolutely dependent upon the presence of Mg2+, but 5--30 mM Mg2+ produces a five-fold stimulation. Potassium chloride concentrations of less than 100 mM are optimal, while concentrations exceeding 100 mM inhibit. The enzyme has no effect on native DNA, but introduces single-strand breaks into DNA containing apurinic/apyrimidinic sites produced by heating at an acidic pH. DNA treated with such carcinogens as N-alkyl-N nitrosoureas, alkyl methanesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, nitrogen mustard, beta propiolactone, 7-bromomethyl-benz[a]anthracene, N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, and 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene-5,6-oxide also becomes susceptible to enzymic action. The activity of the enzyme has been detected by making use of the difference in mobility between supercoiled closed-circular DNA of Pseudomonas phage PM2 and its nicked form in agarose gel elctrophoresis. Even depurinated or carcinogen-modified supercoiled PM2 DNA migrated faster than the respective relaxed nicked forms. A comparison of the number of enzyme-catalyzed single strand breaks with the number of alkali-labile (i.e. apurinic) sites in carcinogen-modified PM2 DNA showed that the enzyme preparation introduced approximately twice as many breaks into the substrates as the number of apurinic sites present. We conclude that the enzyme preparation either recognizes both apurinic sites and DNA bases carrying carcinogenic residues or contains DNA glycosidase activity in addition to the endonuclease activity. Exposure of ultraviolet-irradiated PM2 DNA to the endonuclease preparation showed that pyrimidine dimers were not substrates. The yield of enzyme-catalyzed single strand breaks found in ultraviolet-irradiated DNA was five times the number of alkali-labile sites present suggesting that minor photoproducts, possibly 5,6 saturated pyrimidine residues, were recognized in addition to apurinic sites. PMID- 710411 TI - Mannosylation of endogenous proteins of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and of Golgi membranes. AB - Mannosylation of the proteins of microsomal and Golgi membranes was investigated both after incubation in vitro of the isolated subfractions with GDP-[14C]mannose and after injection of [3H]mannose into rats followed by separation of these subfractions. Mannosylation of endogenous and added exogenous dolichol phosphate and also of dolichol pyrophosphate-oligosaccharide occurs in all three fractions. It was essential to inhibit antagonistic enzymes during incubation and to centrifuge after incubation. The presence of detergent in the incubation mixture influences the incorporation pattern of the different fractions in very different ways. In a system in vitro predominantly membrane proteins and not secretory proteins are mannosylated. Trypsin treatment of intact vesicles removes components from the outer surface only; such treatment liberates about one third of the radioactive mannose associated with lipid, releases radioactivity from the protein acceptor to the same extent and causes some inactivation of the transferase activities. It appears that a part of the mannosyl transferase system in rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in Golgi membranes is localized at the cytoplasmic side of these membranes. This activity is probably involved in the glycosylation of proteins localized at the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 710412 TI - The binding of low-affinity and high-affinity heparin to antithrombin. Fluorescence studies. AB - The interaction between antithrombin and two forms of heparin, differing in their affinity for the matrix-linked protein, has been studied by fluorescence. The binding of the high-affinity heparin fraction to antithrombin leads to activation of the inhibitor, allowing it to react more rapidly with a number of serine proteases of the coagulation cascade. The interaction with the low-affinity heparin fraction, however, has considerably less influence on this inhibition rate. The binding of either fraction to antithrombin was found to result in an increase of the tryptophan fluorescence of the protein. This increase was much larger for high-affinity heparin than for low-affinity heparin, suggesting a different mode of binding of the two fractions to the protein. The fluorescence enhancement caused by high-affinity heparin is consistent with a conformational change of antithrombin related to its activation. Only the fluorescence enhancement observed on the binding of high-affinity heparin was of a sufficient magnitude to allow quantitative studies. These showed high-affinity heparin to bind to antithrombin with a stoichiometry of about one and with a binding constant at physiological ionic strength of about 8 X 10(7) M-1. At higher ionic strengths, however, the affinity decreased markedly. PMID- 710413 TI - Birefringence of oriented thin filaments in the I-bands of crab striated muscle and comparison with the flow birefringence of reconstituted thin filaments. AB - Birefringence of the I-band of glycerinated myofibrils of the walking legs of the crab, Plagusia dentipes was examined by rectified polarization optics. The coefficient of birefringence of the I-band was estimated to be 1.64 X 10(-3), which attained about 60% of the birefringence of the H-zone. The number ratio of thin filaments to thick filaments in the A-band was six according to electron microscopy and the spacing between neighbouring thick filaments was about 56 nm according to X-ray diffraction. From these values, the protein concentration in the I-band was estimated to be 91 mg/ml. Thus, the birefringence of the I-band was found to be of the same order as the birefringence of the reconstituted thin filaments oriented by flow at the same protein concentration. The ratio of protein concentration in the I-band to that in the H-zone was determined by interferometry. The ratio of birefringence of the I-band to that of the H-zone per unit protein concentration was found to be about 0.9, which was comparable to the ratio of birefringence of the thin filaments and thick filaments in solution. The imbibition experiment showed that 70% of the total birefringence of the I band is form birefringence and remaining 30% comes from intrinsic birefringence. PMID- 710414 TI - Mechanism of spermine stimulation of rat-liver isoleucyl-tRNA formation. AB - The mechanism of spermine stimulation of rat-liver isoleucyl-tRNA formation has been studied by Cleland's method [Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 67, 104--137 & 173--197 (1963)]. It was demonstrated that isoleucyl-tRNA formation proceeded through a ping-pong mechanism in the presence of spermine and magnesium. From a study of the effect of spermine on both the formation of isoleucyl-AMP . enzyme complex and on the subsequent formation of isoleucyl-tRNA from the isoleucyl-AMP . enzyme complex, evidence is presented that the stimulatory effect of spermine functions mainly through the spermine preventing the tRNA inhibition of isoleucyl-AMP . enzyme complex formation. PMID- 710415 TI - A microsomal (cytochrome P-450)-linked lauric-acid-monooxygenase from aged Jerusalem-artichoke-tuber tissues. AB - A lauric acid monooxygenase which catalyzes the formation of hydroxylaurate from lauric acid has been characterized in ageing tissues of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber. Three reaction products have been identified from the mass fragmentation pattern of their methyltrimethylsilyl derivatives: 10 hydroxylauric acid, 9-hydroxylauric acid and 8-hydroxylauric acid. Enzyme activity is located on the microsomal fraction which also carries cytochrome P 450 and NADPH cytochrome-c reductase. The apparent Km of the enzyme for lauric acid is 0.97 micronM. Laurate monooxygenation is dependent upon O2 and inhibited by CO. The latter effect is light reversible. NADPH is the preferred electron donor although appreciable NADH-sustained activity was observed. NADPH cytochrome c reductase is involved in electron transfer as evidenced by the inhibitory effects of NADP+ and oxidized cytochrome c on laurate monooxygenation. Thus, the enzyme catalyzing laurate oxidation in Jerusalem artichoke tuber tissues appears to be a typical (cytochrome P-450)-linked monooxygenase. PMID- 710416 TI - Cellobiose oxidase, purification and partial characterization of a hemoprotein from Sporotrichum pulverulentum. AB - An extracellular enzyme which utilizes molecular oxygen to oxidize cellodextrins to the corresponding aldonic acids has been isolated from culture filtrates of the white-rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum. This enzyme, tentatively named cellobiose oxidase, has been highly purified by classical techniques and has been demonstrated to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 93000. Ultraviolet spectra of the enzyme in the presence and absence of substrate are characteristic of a hemoprotein. Acidic hydrolyses of the enzyme followed by a spectrofluorimetric investigation of the hydrolysate has demonstrated the presence of approximately one flavin component per enzyme molecule. The possible role of this complex enzyme in cellulose degradation is discussed. PMID- 710417 TI - Regulation of Endo-1,4-beta-glucanase production in Sporotrichum pulverulentum. PMID- 710418 TI - Polyamine stimulation of phosphorylation of nonhistone acidic protein in nuclei and nucleoli from Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 710419 TI - Blood-group-(A + H) complex fucolipids of hog gastric mucosa. AB - A new group complex glycosphingolipids exhibiting blood-group-(A + H) activity was isolated from the lipid extract of hog gastric mucosa. Four components of this group have been purified to homogeneity and their structures and immunological properties were studied. The branched structures of glycolipids were identified by partial acid hydrolysis, sequential degradation with specific glycosidases, oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide, and comparison of the permethylation products of the native and defucosylated compounds. The structures of these fucolipids are proposed to be as follows. PMID- 710420 TI - Regulation of translation of ovalbumin messenger RNA by estrogens and progesterone in oviduct of withdrawn chicks. AB - In the oviduct of chicks withdrawn from previous treatment with estrogens, no ovalbumin synthesis can be detected, although there are a limited number of ovalbumin mRNA sequences. These sequences are predominately associated with membrane-bound ribosomes. However, the size of the polysomes is small compared to those from the laying hen, suggesting that the inability to detect ovalbumin synthesis is the result of inefficient initiation of ovalbumin synthesis. When the rate of peptide chain elongation is reduced by treatment of chicks with cycloheximide, there is an increase in the average size of polysomes and a shift of ovalbumin mRNA sequences from small to large-sized polysomes. Readministration of estrogen to withdrawn chicks results in a time-dependent shift of monosomes to polysomes and a proportional shift of ovalbumin mRNA sequences between the two fractions, indicating that estrogen stimulates the rate of initiation of all mRNA species in the oviduct to essentially the same extent. In contrast, progesterone administration results in a preferential shift of ovalbumin mRNA relative to total RNA, suggesting a preferential effect of progesterone on initiation of protein synthesis with ovalbumin mRNA. PMID- 710421 TI - The composition, structure and origin of proteose-peptone component 5 of bovine milk. AB - Proteose-peptone component 5 has been isolated from bovine milk. Molecular weight values within the range 12000--13500 were obtained by sedimentation equilibrium, dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration in urea containing buffers. A dansylation procedure showed that the sequence Arg-Glu occupied the N-terminal position while hydrazinolysis revealed C-terminal lysine. The latter was confirmed by experiments with carboxypeptidases B and C which indicated that a mixture of molecules was present, about 80% of which had a C terminal sequence -(Ala-Met)-Ala-Pro-Lys while about 20% had an additional -His Lys in the terminal position. These results, together with data on the overall composition, showed that this component of the proteose-peptone fraction of milk corresponded to a mixture of molecules representing residues 1--105 and 1--107 of the beta-casein molecule, a finding that was confirmed by peptide mapping. This demonstration that proteose-peptone components correspond to the N-terminal portions of the beta-casein molecule while the gamma-caseins represent the matching C-terminal portions provides strong evidence in favour of a proteolytic mechanism for the formation of these substances in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 710422 TI - The composition, structure and origin of proteose-peptone component 8F of bovine milk. AB - Proteose-peptone component 8F (or '8-fast') has been prepared from bovine milk. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate and gel filtration in urea-containing buffers all gave molecular weight values between 3300 and 3900. The N-terminal sequence was found to be Arg-Glu- by dansylation and Edman degradation. Hydrazinolysis released lysine from the C-terminus. A mixture of carboxypeptidases A and B showed that the C-terminal sequence was -Thr-(Arg,Ile,Asn)-Lys. The phosphate content was 3.8 mol/mol and was completely released by a short alkaline hydrolysis indicating linkage to serine. This and all other aspects of the composition were entirely consistent with the identification of this proteosepeptone as residues 1--28 of the beta-casein molecule. This identity was confirmed by a peptide mapping procedure. Thus proteose-peptone component 8F represents the N-terminal fragment when the gamma1-caseins are formed by proteolysis of beta-casein. PMID- 710423 TI - The binding of low-affinity and high-affinity heparin to antithrombin. Competition for the same binding site on the protein. PMID- 710424 TI - Evidence against the existence of real isozymes of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. AB - A method for reducing the degree of heterogeneity in the electrophoretic enzyme activity pattern of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase preparations by incubation with a (magnesium) phosphoribosyl diphosphate substrate is described. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was isolated from human erythrocytes and Chinese hamster livers. A subunit molecular weight of 26000--27000 as reported by other authors was obtained for both enzymes by gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecylsulfate. Gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the native enzymes mainly have a molecular weight of 105000--110000 and are thus apparently tetrameric, when held in the active state by the presence of phosphoribosyl diphosphate. The dimeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 52000--55000, was also found under other conditions. The trimer occurred only in the absence of phosphoribosyl diphosphate, for instance by glycerol gradient centrifugation. The enzyme from human erythrocytes was partly degraded during purification in the absence of a protease inhibitor. The purified enzyme has a very low protease contamination level. Proteolysis is an additional cause of heterogeneity and might therefore explain earlier conflicting results. Since the heterogeneous nature of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase is caused only by the secondary processes of dissociation/association and, in the case of the human erythrocyte enzyme, degradation, we suggest that the use of the term 'isozyme' to describe the different forms should be avoided. PMID- 710425 TI - Human serum galactosyltransferase: distinction, separation and product identification of two galactosyltransferase activities. AB - Two different galactosyltransferase activities have been found in normal sera from A and O donors. Galactosyltransferase A incorporated galactose from UDP-Gal into sialic-acid-free ovine submaxillary mucin (asialo-mucin), whereas galactosyltransferase B transferred galactose from UDP-Gal to free N acetylglucosamine or N-acetylglucosamine-glycoproteins. Specificity, kinetic and stability differences permitted the distinction of the activity of galactosyltransferase A from that of galactosyltransferase B; the only substrate found for galactosyltransferase A was asialo-mucin, whereas galactosyltransferase B showed only low activity towards asialo-mucin and free N-acetyl-galactosamine, but had a main specificity for either free N-acetylglucosamine or N acetylglucosamine-protein. Galactosyltransferase B was more stable on heat inactivation than galactosyltransferase A; galactosyltransferase B could be separated from galactosyltransferase A by affinity chromatography on N acetylglucosamine-derivatized agarose. The products of both enzyme activities have been analyzed. The galactosyltransferase A product was cleaved from asialo mucin by alkaline-borohydride treatment. The acceptor used to identify the galactosyltransferase B product was free N-acetylglucosamine. Periodate oxidation studies performed on the reduced disaccharides indicated the linkage type of the products. The anomeric configuration of the respective galactosyltransferase products were determined with specific galactosidases. Using these methods, galactosyltransferase A was found to form a Galbeta (1 leads to 3)GalNAc-protein linkage and galactosyltransferase B was found to form a Galbeta(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc-linkage. PMID- 710426 TI - The biosynthesis of linoleate from oleoyl-CoA via oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine in microsomes of developing safflower seeds. AB - Microsomes prepared from developing safflower seeds rapidly desaturated added [14C]oleoyl-CoA in the presence of NADH. The distribution of [14C]oleate and [14C]linoleate between different lipid classes revealed that phosphatidylcholine was labelled with [14C]linoleate before any other lipid class investigated. Considerable desaturation continued after the disappearance of [14C]oleoyl-CoA in the reaction mixture. No [14C]linoleoyl-CoA could be detected. Incubation in the absence of added NADH caused a rapid disappearance of [14C]oleoyl-CoA by incorporation into triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholine and also by release as [14C]oleic acid. Upon subsequent addition of NADH, [14C]linoleate was formed to the same extent as when NADH was present at the onset of the incubation. These data are contradictory to the previously assumed pathway for linoleic acid biosynthesis in developing safflower seeds, claiming oleoyl-CoA as the direct substrate and linoleoyl-CoA as the primary product. However, our data corroborate published results on Chlorella, Candida, Torulopsis and on developing pea leaves, which strongly suggest that oleoyl-CoA is first incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and then desaturated to linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 710427 TI - Primary structure of histone H2A from gonad of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. AB - The complete amino acid sequence (125 residues) of sea urchin histone H2A has been established by structural studies of peptides derived from tryptic and chymotryptic cleavage of the maleylated protein and from thermolysin cleavage of the intact protein. By comparison with calf homologous histone, the basic amino terminal and carboxy-terminal parts of the protein show 11 substitutions and 4 deletions. The remainder of the sequence, mostly hydrophobic, is almost completely unchanged. PMID- 710428 TI - Isolation and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Thiocapsa roseopersicina. AB - The lipopolysaccharide from Thiocapsa roseopersicina was isolated by phenol/water, being found in the water phase. It is cleaved into a polysaccharide moiety (degraded polysaccharide) and lipid A by hydrolysis with 10% acetic acid (100 degree C, 3 h). D-Mannose, L-rhamnose, 3-amino-3, 6-dideoxy-D-galactose and D-glucose are the major constituents of the degraded polysaccharide. 2-O-Methyl-L rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-D-mannose, D-galactose, glucosamine and quinovosamine are minor constituents. D-Glycer-D-manno-heptose (tentatively identified) and 3-deoxy D-manno-octulosonic acid were detected in only small amounts. Conspicuously, lipid A from T. roseopersicina contains a neutral sugar, D-mannose, in addition to D-glucosamine, as had been observed with lipid A from Chromatium vinosum D. Major fatty acids are beta-hydroxymyristic and lauric acids. Only trace amounts of phosphorus were found indicating this lipid A to be free of phosphate. The lipopolysaccharide of T. roseopersicina represents the O-antigen of the strain. It reacts with antisera prepared against living or heat-killed cells in passive hemagglutination. PMID- 710429 TI - Anthracycline antitumor antibiotic nucleic-acid interactions. Structural aspects of the daunomycin poly(dA-dT) complex in solution. AB - The helix-to-coil transition of the synthetic DNA poly(dA-dT) in the presence of the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic daunomycin has been investigated by high resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrocopy in 1 M salt solution. The dissociation of the complex, containing molar ratios of phosphate to daunomycin (Pi/drug) of 50, 25, 9 and 5, with increasing temperature can be monitored independently at the nucleic acid and the antibiotic resonances under conditions of fast exchange. The antibiotic complex formation shifts suggest that either ring B and/or C of the intercalated anthracycline chromophore of daunomycin overlaps with adjacent nucleic acid base pairs. Ultraviolet/visible melting studies of daunomycin complexes with a series of synthetic DNAs substituted with halogen atoms (Br, I) at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring suggest that intercalation of the antibiotic into poly(dA-dU) is not perturbed by bulky substituents at this position. A comparison of the melting curves for the daunomycin . poly(dA-dT) complex with an analog of the antibiotic where the NH3 + group is replaced by dimethylglycine demonstrates the important contributions of electrostatic interactions between the amino sugar and backbone phosphates to the stability of the complex in low salt solution. The ultraviolet/visible and NMR studies monitor biphasic melting transitions at the nucleic acid markers in the daunomycin . poly(dA-dT) complexes, Pi/drug = 50--9, so that antibiotic-free base pair regions and those centered about bound daunomycin can be independently studied at the synthetic DNA level in solution. PMID- 710430 TI - Studies on the occurrence of disialosyl groups in glycoproteins of salivary glands. AB - The major glycoprotein of pig submandibular and rat sublingual glands were investigated for the presence of disialosyl groups. The content of (C-8) substituted sialic acid in the glycoproteins was determined by three different procedures: colorimetric, periodate oxidation and permethylation. Approximately 13% of sialic acid in pig submandibular glycoprotein, but none in rat sublingual glycoprotein, contained a substituent at C-8. This substituent was identified as sialic acid from its susceptibility to neuraminidase treatment. From our estimation, it appears that one out of four sialic acid residues in pig submandibular glycoprotein occurs in an N-acylneuraminyl-alpha(2 leads to 8)-N acylneuraminyl group. PMID- 710431 TI - A nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of the globular structure of the H5 histone. AB - The structure of the globular region of the chicken erythrocyte H5 histone has been studied by 270-MHz proton magnetic resonance. The aromatic resonances have been partially assigned by a combination of selective deuteration and iodination with the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Detailed titration studies have revealed interactions between residues in the structure. A technique involving the measurement of small nuclear Overhauser effects has enabled the assignment of the aromatic residues causing the perturbation of the ring-current-shifted methyl resonances occurring in the upfield region of the spectrum. Spin decoupling experiments on these peaks has enabled a partial assignment of shifted methyl resonances. The results support the notion that the histone H5 globular structure is different from that of the homologous histone H1 molecule. PMID- 710432 TI - Manipulation of phospholipid composition of membranes with the aid of lipid exchange proteins. Incorporation of phosphatidylcholine into protoplasts of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. AB - Incubation of Micrococcus lysodeikticus protoplasts with phosphatidylcholine liposomes and rat liver exchange proteins (pH 5.1 supernatant fraction) resulted in replacement of about one half of the bacterial total phospholipids by phosphatidylcholine. Protoplasts modified by phosphatidylcholine showed a decreased rate of oxidation of exogenous substrates (NADH, malate) and decreased ferricyanide reductase activity as compared to the initial protoplasts. At the same time incorporation of phosphatidylcholine had no influence on the level of endogeneous respiration. Protoplasts modified by phosphatidylcholine were osmotically more stable than the initial protoplasts. After osmotic lysis of the phosphatidylcholine protoplasts their NADH (malate) oxidase and ferricyanide reductase activities were restored. Incorporation of phosphatidylcholine into membrane ghosts, obtained by osmotic rupture of the initial protoplasts had only small if any effect on the malate and NADH oxidase and dehydrogenase activities. It is concluded that phosphatidylcholine in incorporated predominantly into the outer part of cytoplasmic membrane and that proteinmediated transfer of phosphatidylcholine results in restoration of the permeability barrier due to repair of local defects in the initial protoplast membrane. PMID- 710433 TI - Naja haje haje (Egyptian cobra) venom. Some properties and the complete primary structure of three toxins (CM-2, CM-11 and CM-12). AB - Three toxins (CM-2, CM-11 and CM-12) were purified from Naja haje haje (Egyptian cobra) venom. Whereas toxin CM-11 contains 65 amino acid residues and five intrachain disulphide bridges, toxin CM-2 and CM-12 comprise, respectively, 61 and 62 residues but both contain four disulphide bridges. The complete primary structures of the three toxins have been established. The sequence and the invarient amino acid residues of CM-2 resemble those of part of a long neurotoxin, a short neurotoxin and a cytotoxin. The sequence of CM-11 reveals that it is a homologue of the neurotoxins and to some extent also a cytotoxin. The immunochemical properties and the sequences of CM-12 suggest that it is related to the cytotoxin group. Further, the sequences of CM-11 and CM-12 from Naja haje haje venom show a high degree of homology with those of the corresponding toxins isolated from NaJA annulifera or NaJA melanoleuca venoms. PMID- 710434 TI - Phosphorylase kinase isoenzymes in deficient ICR/IAn mice. AB - ICR/IAn mice present a deficiency in phosphorylase kinase activity; the extent of this deficiency is less in some tissues [Lyon, S.B. Biochem. Genet. 4, 169--185 (1970)] than in skeletal muscle, where enzyme activity is 0.3% of normal [Cohen, P.T. W & Cohen, P. FEBS Lett. 29, 113--115 (1973)]. New-born mice of this strain were also reported (Lyon, 1970) to reveal a small amount of skeletal muscle enzyme activity. The properties of these residual phosphorylase kinases were compared to those of control C57 BL mice, with reference to control muscle and liver enzymes which were shown to be of different molecular species [Daegelen Proux et al. Biochim. Biophys Acta, 452, 398--405 (1976)]. The properties investigated were the immunological reactivity against an antiserum raised against muscle phosphorylase kinase, the thermal stability and the Ca2+ dependency. The results suggest that the muscle enzyme from the new-born ICR/IAn mice and the heart enzyme from adult deficient mice are different to the muscle enzyme from adult normal mice, but they have properties in common with normal adult liver enzyme. These results lead to the conclusion that there exists in the muscle of I strain a "foetal form" of phosphorylase kinase, the activity of which decreases progressively after birth. Out work also confirmed the observations made by Cohen et al. [Eur. J. Biochem. 66, 347--356 (1976)] which showed that there is no evidence for the existence of a cross-reacting material in the muscle of adult deficient mice. PMID- 710435 TI - Rat-liver acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase. PMID- 710436 TI - Influence of mitochondrial radical formation on energy-linked respiration. PMID- 710437 TI - Degradation of the ribosomal genes by DNAse I in Physarum polycephalum. AB - Treatment of nuclei from Physarum polycephalum with DNAse I leads to DNA fragments with a regular pattern of multiples of 10 nucleotides, when analyzed on gels under denaturing conditions as has been shown for other eukaryotes. Reports from Weintraub and Axel lead to the conclusion, that active genes are preferentially digested by DNAse I. When Physarum chromatin is degraded by DNAse I, the ribosomal genes are no longer available for hybridization with 19-S and 26 S rRNA and are thus preferentially destroyed. Degradation of chromatin from nuclei in mitosis, where no rRNA is synthesized and from nuclei in late G2 phase, where rRNA synthesis is maximal, leads to the same proportion of the ribosomal sequences being lost for hybridization. Therefore the preferential degradation of the ribosomal genes in Physarum by DNAse I probably does not reflect the actual momentary activity of these genes. This suggests that DNAse I treatment may distinguish between active chromatin and very strongly repressed chromatin. PMID- 710439 TI - Purification and properties of a ribonuclease induced during the early larval development of Artemia salina. AB - Dormant gastrulae and developing embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia salina contain very low levels of nuclease activity. During early larval development, there is an induction of ribonuclease which has been partially purified and characterized. The enzyme catalyzes an endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA and has no detectable activity on native or denatured DNA. Among a series of synthetic polynucleotides, poly(U) is hydrolyzed with the highest efficiency and poly(G) is not cleaved by the enzyme. The activity on poly(U) is 100 times higher than on RNA. The enzyme requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ and in inactivated by treatment with chelating agent. The inactive preparations can be reactivated by Ca2+ and Mn2+ but not by Mg2+. The ribonuclease is thermosensitive and has maximal activity at pH 7.5. These properties distinguish the Artemia salina ribonuclease from other eukaryotic ribonucleases already reported. The high activity and specificity of this ribonuclease on poly(U) may suggest a role for this enzyme in the processing of the messenger RNA. PMID- 710438 TI - Message sequences are not adjacent to poly(A) in heterogeneous nuclear RNA of Friend leukemic cells. AB - Hybridization of labeled RNA with excess amounts of unlabeled complementary DNA (cDNA) was used to investigate the location of cytoplasmic mRNA sequences in heterogenous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) of noninduced Friend leukemic cells. A heterologous hybrid between hnRNA and cytoplasmic cDNA was formed. Two homologous hybrids were also formed, one between poly(A)-containing mRNA and cytoplasmic cDNA, and the other between poly-(A)-containing hnRNA and nuclear cDNA. All hybrids were selected on hydroxyapatite columns after RNase treatment. The hybrids were further investigated for the presence of poly(A). No poly(A) was found in the heterologous hybrid, while both homologous hybrids contained poly(A). From these results we conclude that there exists a spacer nucleotide sequence between the poly(A) and the message sequences in hnRNA. PMID- 710440 TI - Photo-induced protein-RNA cross-linking in mammalian 40-S ribosomal subunits. AB - RNA-protein interaction in the 40-S subunits of rat liver ribosomes were studied by measuring cross-linking of proteins to RNA induced by ultraviolet radiation. Under conditions which caused neither extensive degradation of the 40-S subunits (or 18-S RNA) nor biological inactivation, the total staining intensity of the proteins extracted from irradiated subunits was considerably reduced on the two dimensional electrophoregrams. Convincing evidence was obtained that cross linking of the proteins to 18-S RNA was the predominant reaction. The cross linking extent of the individual proteins was studied as a function of the radiation dose. At 4 degree C, 13--15 proteins were found to cross-linked to RNA even at low doses of quanta. They generally correspond to proteins which have been previously shown to react poorly on the ribosomes with various chemical reagents. At 25 degree C, all the proteins became cross-linked to RNA using the same radiation doses. PMID- 710441 TI - Second-derivative spectroscopy of proteins. A method for the quantitative determination of aromatic amino acids in proteins. AB - Second derivative spectroscopy has been used to resolve the complex protein spectrum in the near-ultraviolet region and the contributions of the three aromatic chromophores have been evaluated. A method for the direct quantitative determination of phenylalanine and tryptophan in proteins has been carried out. Phenylalanine determination has been carried out in the spectral region between 250 and 265 nm, where there are no significant contributions from other aromatic chromophores. Tryptophan determination has been performed in the 290-295-nm region and the experimental values have been corrected for the presence of tyrosine. The results obtained on 10 highly purified proteins have been found in good agreement with those obtained from sequence analysis. PMID- 710442 TI - Identification and characterization of ribosomal proteins phosphorylated in vaccinia-virus-infected HeLa cells. AB - Two-dimensional analysis of 32P-labelled ribosomal proteins revealed three proteins which are phosphorylated in vaccinia-virus-infected HeLa cells. All three proteins belong to the 40-S ribosomal subunits and were identified as S2, S6 and S16. The ribosomal protein S6 is phosphorylated also in uninfected HeLa cells. Phosphoserine was detected in all three proteins, phosphothreonine only in the protein S2. Phosphorylation of these ribosomal proteins in infected cells is dependent on the multiplicity of the viral infection and increases during the first six hours of infection. All three proteins are also phosphorylated in virus infected cells treated with cycloheximide and in cells infected with ultraviolet irradiated virus. This suggests that the phosphorylation reaction involves a vaccinia virion-associated protein kinase. PMID- 710443 TI - Chemical composition of cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo marmorata based on improved purification. AB - Cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata have been purified to a constant composition and a higher transmitter content than previously reported. By optimising the extraction conditions and using a two-step purification on discontinuous and continuous sucrose density gradients, 10-fold higher acetylcholine and ATP values per weight of protein were obtained. The purity of the vesicle preparation was confirmed by electronmicroscopy, absence of marker enzymes, behaviour in density gradient centrifugation, as well as by a specific and reproducible protein composition. Vesicles contain 6.9 mumol acetylcholine and 1.0 mumol ATP per mg protein. The lipid/protein ratio of 3.5 (w/w) indicates a lipid-rich membrane. The value suggests the absence of a proteinaceous core. Upon dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis a distinct protein pattern is obtained with components ranging from 20000 to 160000 in molecular weight. Vesiculin, reported earlier to be a low-molecular-weight vesicle protein, is not detected. One of the major bands comigrates with muscle actin from the same animal. Further characterisation of this protein by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis suggested that it is an actin-like polypeptide. Evidence for a specific association of this actin-like protein with vesicles and its possible involvement in the neurosecretory process is discussed. PMID- 710444 TI - Physico-chemical evidence for the interaction between aldolase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Polarization of fluorescence measurements of aldolase and D-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate have been used to detect the possible formation of a soluble complex between the proteins. The results suggest an interaction between aldolase and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with an apparent dissociation constant 3 X 10(-7) M and an apparent stoichiometry of two aldolase tetramers bound per tetramer of D-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 710445 TI - RNA-binding proteins of rabbit reticulocytes. Isolation and electrophoretic characteristics. AB - A complete set of RNA-binding proteins was isolated from the ribosome-free extract of rabbit reticulocytes using the method of affinity chromatography on RNA covalently coupled with Sepharose. The purity of the isolated proteins was no less than 90%. These proteins comprised about 1% of the total protein of the extract and included the main polypeptide chains of three sizes, with molecular weights of about 95000, 49000 and 36000, as well as numerous minor components. An analogous set of proteins was observed as a result of chromatography of the extract on the column with poly(U) covalently coupled with Sepharose. The protein with the molecular weight of 49000 had the highest affinity to RNA. PMID- 710447 TI - Studies on the structure of rat-liver polysomes by small-angle X-ray scattering. AB - The spatial structure of rat liver polysomes in dilute solution has been studied by the small-angle X-ray scattering technique. The distance between the mass centres of neighbouring ribosomes on the mRNA molecule is 35 nm, and the distance from next-but-one neighbour, about 55 nm. The spatial arrangement of the ribosomes on the polysome is compact; stretched configurations can be ruled out. The best model is a solenoid with six ribosomes per turn and a pitch of about 33 nm. The greatest diameter of a polysome with eight ribosomes is 130 nm, the radius of gyration 34 nm. PMID- 710446 TI - A comparison of the RNA-binding proteins with the proteins of polyribosomal messenger ribonucleoproteins in rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 710448 TI - Biochemical properties and the physiological role of the fructose-1,6 bisphosphate activated L-lactate dehydrogenase from Staphylococcus epidermidis. PMID- 710449 TI - Three conformationally distinct domains in the amino-terminal segment of type III procollagen and its rapid triple helix leads to and comes from coil transition. PMID- 710450 TI - The role of cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds in the coil leads to and comes from triple helix conversion of collagen. PMID- 710451 TI - Transcription in vitro of adenovirus-2 DNA by RNA polymerases class C purified from uninfected and adenovirus-infected HeLa cells. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase class C (or III) has been solubilized from either uninfected or adenovirus-2-infected HeLa cells and purified by chromatography on phosphocellulose, DNA-cellulose, CM-Sephadex and DEAE-Sephadex. The last column separated the enzyme into three forms CI, CII and CIII, which were completely free of RNA polymerases class A and B and of DNase and RNase. The total and the relative amount of these different enzyme C forms did not vary whether purified from uninfected or infected cells. Irrespective of the stage of purification, the three enzyme forms transcribed deproteinized adenovirus-2DNA very efficiently. This transcription was highly sensitive to elevated ionic strength (especially in the presence of Mg2+) and was accompanied by continuous reinitiation as shown by adding poly(rI), a potent inhibitor of initiation. In addition heparin-resistant initiation complexes could be formed at elevated temperature. The RNA synthesized in vitro on deproteinized intact adenovirus-2 DNA by the different forms of RNA polymerase class C, has been characterized. Analysis of the transcripts by gel electrophoresis, RNA self-annealing, hybridization to separated adenovirus-2 DNA strands and to restriction endonuclease (BamHI, HindIII), adenovirus-2 DNA fragments have demonstrated that restriction endonuclease (BamHI, HindIII), adenovirus-2 DNA fragments have demonstrated that the various regions of the adenovirus-2 genome were randomly transcribed. In addition, hybridization of RNA transcripts labelled at their 5' end by either [gamma32P]ATP or [gamma-32P]GTP indicated that not only elongation but also initiation occurred randomly through the entire adenovirus-2 genome, irrespective of the form of the enzyme and of the origin of the cells (normal or infected). The results are discussed in terms of the components which are possibly involved in specific transcription. PMID- 710453 TI - Steroid-CPK test. A new diagnostic aid for muscular dystrophy and its carriers? AB - The response of serum creatine phosphokinase (SCPK) to intravenous hydrocortisone was studied in different neuromuscular diseases, in Duchenne carriers and relatives of various muscular dystrophy (MD) cases. SCPK activity increased significantly in MD cases, 50% of known and 18.7% of possible Duchenne carriers. No such increase was found in other neuromuscular disease, in other relatives of MD cases and in normal controls. An inverse correlation was observed between the grade of disability and post-steroid percentage increase of SCPK activity in X linked severe (DMD) cases. Such an inverse correlation was also found between the duration of the disease and post-steroid percentage increase of SCPK activity in DMD cases. A possible explanation is given. PMID- 710452 TI - Subacute necrotizing encephalopathy (Leigh) in an adult. AB - The case of a 31-year-old man who died after a 4 month illness of adult subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh) is reported. The disease presented with visual disturbances and the principal symptoms were ptosis, a conjugate ophthalmoparesis and a slight tremor of the hands. The case was misdiagnosed as probable multiple sclerosis. Neuropathology disclosed characteristic symmetrical necrotizing lesions, mainly localized in the brain stem. The similarity of the lesions with Wernicke's disease is pointed out. Possible etiological and pathogenetic factors are discussed. PMID- 710454 TI - The dependence of cerebral blood flow on age. AB - Cerebral circulation time was studied with angiography of the carotid artery within a group of 45 normal cases of different age. The results showed an approximately linear increase of the circulation time with age, the coefficient of which amounts to 1% per year. For an average age of 35 years the average circulation time was determined and found to be 3.2 sec with narcosis and 4.3 sec without narcosis. This indicates that narcosis is another important parameter for the cerebral circulation. PMID- 710455 TI - Nerve cell loss with aging in the putamen. AB - A significant correlation between age and decrease in the number of nerve cells has been found in the putamen. Both small and large cells in this nucleus were proportionally involved. A possible relationship with the outfall of cells in other structures of the brain, with which the putamen is connected, in order to balance the activity of the extrapyramidal system has been suggested. PMID- 710456 TI - Motor nerve conduction velocity in experimental portal-systemic shunting. Preliminary communication. AB - The influence of portal-systemic shunting on motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) was analyzed in rats with portacaval shunts. At 3 and 8 weeks after the shunting there was a marked but transient fall in MCV. At 16 weeks the MCV had almost normalized, despite sustained portal-systemic shunting. The results favour hepatocellular failure as the more important pathophysiological mechanism in hepatic neuropathy. PMID- 710457 TI - Effect of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor on adenine nucleotide degradation in hemorrhagic shock. AB - Biochemical effects of treatment with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (allopurinol) were investigated in an experimental hemorrhagic shock procedure. Allopurinol pretreatment abolished the increase in plasma uric acid which occurs in untreated dogs during hemorrhagic hypotension and resulted in a much lesser increase in plasma allantoin. The pancreatic, liver and duodenal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and total adenine nucleotides of untreated dogs were severely reduced, while those of allopurinol-pretreated dogs were essentially normal 2 h following reinfusion. Pretreatment with allopurinol resulted in a significantly lesser release of the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, following reinfusion. When treatment was delayed until after reinfusion, an infusion of hypoxanthine + allpurinol restored normal ATP concentrations. The role of adenine nucleotide breakdown in irreversible shock is discussed. PMID- 710458 TI - Effect of ex vivo perfusion of isolated canine stomach with fluorocarbon on the composition of gastric tissues. AB - Isolated canine stomachs were perfused for 6 h with fluorocarbon emulsion suspended in a simulated physiological solution of electrolytes with glucose added. Gastric mucosa and extramucosal tissues of perfused stomachs were sampled for biochemical analysis of high energy phosphates, glucose and electrolytes. Comparable samples were also taken from normal canine stomachs, dissected under similar surgical conditions as the stomachs used for perfusion. Gastric tissue ATP, ADP and AMP were reduced but CP was increased in the tissues perfused with fluorocarbon as compared with controls. Gastric tissue water content and sodium were increased but potassium was reduced in a stomach so perfused. The biochemical tests performed were considered as viability tests of organs preserved-perfused in fluorocarbon prior to possible transplantation. Significance of the changes observed is discussed in the light of the current knowledge on energy metabolism. PMID- 710459 TI - Modulation of the prostaglandin-induced intestinal motility in humans through the transmitters of the vegetative nervous system. AB - Research was done on the reciprocity between adrenergic and cholinergic stimulating or inhibiting pharmaceuticals and the prostaglandin-induced intestinal motility. By cholinergic activation, the amplitudes of the prostaglandin-dependent rhythmical contractions of human taenia coli were intensified. There was very little influence on the frequency of contractions, however. Simultaneous stimulation of adrenergic beta-receptors by increasing doses of adrenaline or noradrenaline caused the contraction amplitude and frequency to decrease continually until the contractions were completely eliminated. The cholinergic effect could be suppressed with atropine, the adrenergic-stimulated reaction was reversed by the blockage of beta-receptors. It was completely abolished by simultaneous addition of alpha- and beta-receptor blocking drugs. PMID- 710460 TI - Release of inflammatory mediators into the gastric wall of rats with acute acetic acid induced ulcer. AB - An acute, acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats is associated with increased capillary permeability and albumin leakage into the gastric wall surrounding the ulcer. This is an inflammatory reaction, and the present experiment was undertaken in an attempt to identify inflammatory mediators in the gastric wall around the ulcer. Rats were pretreated with inflammatory antagonists, and the protein leakage was estimated by means of 125I-labelled albumin 40--60 min and 4 h after ulcer induction. We found no effect on the protein leakage of mepyramine (antihistamine) deseril (antiserotonin) or indomethacin (antiprostaglandin) given separately, or of the combination of mepyramine and deseril. The combination of all three substances, mepyramine, deseril and indomethacin significantly decreased protein leakage at 4 h after ulcer induction. This indicates that prostaglandins are released in the tissues near the acute ulcer. Cimetidine (histamine-H2-antagonist) did not decrease the protein leakage either alone or in combination with mepyramine (histamine-H1-antagonist). PMID- 710461 TI - Ex situ surgery of the kidney: experience with 20 autotransplantations. AB - The authors propose a classification of ex situ surgery of the kidney and present their clinical experience of 20 renal autotransplantations over a period of 6 years: 16 were performed for renovascular hypertension with 2 failures and 4 for recurrent staghorn calculi, with 1 stone recurrence. Based on their experience and on the literature they discuss the present status and the future implications of ex situ surgery of the kidney. PMID- 710462 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism and stone formation in medullary sponge kidneys. AB - The etiological role of primary hyperparathyroidism in stone formation in medullary sponge kidney was studied. The necessity of carrying out special biochemical tests for primary hyperparathyroidism has been shown. The combination of two diseases in cases of stones and nephrocalcinosis is explained by the genetic nature of sponge kidney and primary hyperparathyroidism. 4 patients have been under observation; all underwent successful parathyroidectomy. PMID- 710463 TI - Continuous determination of various enzymes and sodium concentration in urine. a usable method for diagnosis of kidney graft rejection. AB - We investigated changes in urinary enzyme activity and sodium concentration of kidney transplant patients. We found that the increase of the activity of brush border enzymes is one of the earliest signs of tubular damage following rejection. The decrease in the urinary sodium concentration points also to rejection episodes. Despite the unspecificity of both variables, their continuous determination and combined analysis of the results could improve the differential diagnosis of rejection after transplantation and might give important information about the pathogenesis of the graft damage. PMID- 710464 TI - Radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma. AB - A modified radical nephrectomy to cope with renal carcinoma presenting at advanced stages, is evaluated. A total of 50 cases were treated in this hospital from 1962 to 1976. The poor results from treatment of renal cell carcinoma in the earlier years, have prompted the modification of the conventional radical nephrectomy to cope with this disease which is still frequently seen at advanced stages. The modification includes exclusion of distant metastasis. The adherent segment of colon is resected along with the tumour. The renal vessels are then isolated. If the IVC is involved by a right-sided tumour, it is resected along with the tumour. The ureter is then ligated and the tumour with the adrenal gland, the resected colon segment, regional lymph nodes and the IVC are removed in one block. 2 such patients who otherwise would have been considered inoperable have survived for over 3 years. PMID- 710465 TI - Usefulness and limitation of estrogen receptor protein (ERP) assay in human renal cell carcinomas. AB - The presence of estrogen-binding sites in human renal cell carcinomas appears certainly demonstrated. The authors analyze the clinical contributions which may be obtained from this finding and the possibility of using the ERP assay currently for the screening of patients with estrogen-dependent tumors. PMID- 710466 TI - Urinary fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in bladder cancer. AB - The value of urinary fibrinogen degradation products (EPD) as a biological marker of bladder cancer has been studied. An increase in FDP was found in 75% of bladder cancer patients, independent of the fact that they had active tumours or that they were disease free. A high correlation between the amount of the increase and the grade, local invasiveness, and risk of recurrence of the tumour has been established. The assessment of urinary FDP is considered as a valuable screening and follow-up test in patients with bladder neoplasms. PMID- 710467 TI - Characterization of bladder tumours by flow cytometry on bladder washings. AB - The DNA content of individual nuclei in bladder washings was estimated by means of flow cytometry. A method of preparation using a detergent to produce single nuclei was used. By means of a differential count the DNA distribution was corrected for the content of leucocytes. The DNA histograms were divided into a 2c fraction containing nuclei with less than 3c DNA, a 4c fraction with 3c--6c DNA and an 8c fraction with more than 6c DNA. Three groups of patients were investigated: 17 patients with invasive bladder tumours, 38 patients with non invasive bladder tumours, and 22 patients with normal bladders. The washings from patients with invasive tumours contained significantly larger 4c and 8c fractions than washings from normal bladders. There was a correlation between cell anaplasia and the DNA distribution: grade III bladder tumours had larger 4c and 8c fractions than grade II tumours. PMID- 710468 TI - On the etiology of cancer of the prostate. AB - This paper demonstrates experimentally that the penetration of spermatozoa into the prostatic tissue can induce prostatic lesions such as abscesses, lithiasis and carcinoma. PMID- 710469 TI - Experimental and clinical investigations on the transfusion of autologous blood in urological operations. AB - In view of the known risks in homologous blood transfusions, the procedures for transfusion of endogenous blood are gaining increasing importance. Using this fact as a basis, the feasibility of direct intraoperative autotransfusion in the area of urology was investigated. 6 mongrel dogs received blood-urine autotransfusions after cystotomy and cavotomy (n = 2) as well as after left-side nephrotomy (n = 4). Coagulation and hemolysis parameters were examined 1, 2, 24 h and 7 days after the autotransfusion, and showed transitory pathological changes which were, without exception, reversible within 7 days. Clinical effects were not observed. On the basis of favorable experience, the intraoperative, machine autotransfusion was also used clinically for renal traumas (n = 13), urinary bladder traumas (n = 4) and nephrotomies (n = 3). Postoperative checks showed pathological changes in the hemolysis and coagulation values only during the first 3 postoperative days. The blood-urine autotransfusion was well tolerated without exception. Indications and contraindications for direct intraoperative autotransfusions in the area of urological operations are discussed. PMID- 710470 TI - Alloplastic replacement of the canine ureter by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (gore-tex) grafts. Preliminary report. AB - In 12 female dogs, subtotal unilateral (8 dogs) or bilateral (4 dogs) ureteric resection and replacement by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) prostheses were performed. Follow-up consisted of periodic excretory urographies. Short- and long-term results, consisting of periodic excretory urographies for up to 12 months, are promising and induce further studies with this new type of graft. PMID- 710471 TI - Cystic kidneys, renal dysplasia and microdissection data in 5 children with congenital valvular urethral obstruction. AB - A survey of the findings in 5 children with urethral obstruction due to valves is presented. The microdissection data found in the 7 kidneys of this series were compared. The microdissection findings in all 7 kidneys are mostly the same with a continuum of processes ranging from relatively mild to severe derangements. We could not find two varieties of renal change designated type II or IV by potter. The characterization of the lesions by nephron dissection always approached those of the type II (multicystic, dysplastic kidney). Renal dysplasia was associated with extrarenal malformations in 2 of our cases and we therefore believe that the significance of the dysplasia lies rather in the period of the insult during organogenesis than in the obstruction. PMID- 710472 TI - Fungus ball formation of aspergillus in the bladder. an unusual case report. AB - An unusual case of fungus ball formation of Aspergillus in the bladder without any evidence of disseminated and renal aspergillosis is presented. A 49-year-old man whose chief complaint was progressively worsening dysuria after a stomach operation was admitted. Cystoscopy revealed many ball-like masses on the retrotrigone and left wall. Histological studies showed that these masses were composed of many Aspergilli. The uniqueness of the case and the route of infection are discussed. PMID- 710473 TI - We visited for you: the urological department of Innsbruck. PMID- 710474 TI - The effects of cyclophosphamide treatment on the epithelium and stroma of the urinary bladder. PMID- 710475 TI - The effect of cyclophosphamide upon mitoses in the cornea of rats, a circadian dependent effect. PMID- 710476 TI - Growth and inhibition of mouse or human tumors in "nude" (athymic) mice monitored by the extent of 125 I-5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine(125-IUdR) uptake. PMID- 710477 TI - Effect of immunotherapy on the kinetics of proliferation of a transplanted rat rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 710478 TI - Temperature effects during and after the diethylnitrosamine treatment on liver tumorigenesis in the fish, Oryzias latipes. PMID- 710479 TI - Cytokinetic changes in two cases of plasma leukemia treated with a multipeptide derivative of m-[di(2-chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine (Peptichemio). PMID- 710480 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibitory activity in the serum of patients affected by Hodgkin's disease and other immunoproliferative diseases. PMID- 710481 TI - The LMI assay in lung and colorectal cancer: the use of allogeneic extracts prepared by different methods. PMID- 710482 TI - White cell stimulation responses to 3MK Cl extracts of allogeneic tumours in lung and colorectal cancer. PMID- 710483 TI - Evaluation of liver and bone scanning in patients with early breast cancer, based on results obtained from more advanced cancer patients. PMID- 710484 TI - The relationship between inflammatory responses and WBP1 tumour cell attachment to the rat omentum. PMID- 710485 TI - Effects of antimitotic agents bound to a macromolecular carrier in normal or cancer cells. Importance of the mode of binding of the agent to the carrier. PMID- 710486 TI - Studies on informational RNAs and ribonucleoproteins of normal rat liver, Zajdela hepatoma and liver of hepatoma-bearing rats. PMID- 710487 TI - Circadian dependence of host and tumor responses to cyclophosphamide in mice. PMID- 710488 TI - Absence of cross-resistance to alkylating agents in cyclophosphamide-resistant L1210 leukemia. PMID- 710489 TI - Prednisolone treatment of hereditary pig lymphoma. PMID- 710490 TI - Variant forms of angina pectoris. AB - 3 patients with different clinical and electrocardiographic manifestations of coronary artery spasm are discussed. All 3 patients had anginal attacks at rest. In addition, 2 of these patients, who did not have significant preexisting narrowing of their coronary arteries, also had anginal pain related to exercise. During pain, 1 patient showed ST-segment elevation, the other ST-segment depression, while the third showed ST-segment depression shortly followed by ST elevation on the electrocardiogram. At coronary angiography, spontaneous or induced spasm of one of the major coronary arteries could be demonstrated in all 3 patients. In 2 cases, sublingual nitroglycerin failed to completely relieve the spasm. This raises the question whether a residual stenosis after NTG conclusively proves a fixed organic narrowing. It is concluded that the clinical spectrum of spasm of the coronary arteries is wider than was originally reported by Prinzmetal and coworkers. Clinical and electrocardiographic manifestations are probably dependent on the site and severity of the spasm, which may cause different degrees of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 710491 TI - Prevention of thromboembolic complications of valve prostheses by agents affecting platelet function. PMID- 710492 TI - Complete heart block due to granulomatous giant cell myocarditis: report of 3 cases. AB - 3 patients with chronic complete AV block were found at autopsy to have granulomatous giant cell myocarditis (GGCM). In 1 patient an unusual clinical course led to more extensive investigation including echocardiography which revealed ventricular septal abnormalities. A review of the literature is presented. Although GGCM is a rare disease echocardiography may be a useful screening procedure in patient with AV block especially in the presence of immunological disorders. PMID- 710493 TI - The electrocardiographic response to exercise in 44 patients with leaflet prolapse. AB - The response to electrocardiographically monitored submaximal exercise stress testing has been studied in 44 patients with mitral leaflet prolapse (MLP). With exercise, ventricular premature contractions occurred in 7, ventricular tachycardia in 1, and atrial fibrillation in 1. Exercise was terminated short of target heart rate in 18 patients, because of chest pain (5), fatigue (7), ventricular arrhythmia (4), dizziness (1) or ST segment depression (1). 23 patients developed postexercise ST segment abnormalities, of whom 5 had 'ischemic' patterns and arteriographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD); among the 18 others, the ST segments were depressed and minimally downsloping in 2, slowly ascending from depressed J point in 3, horizontal for greater than or equal to 80 msec with J depression of less than 1 mm in 12, and cupped in 1. The incidence of arrhythmias provoked by submaximal exercise stress testing in patients with MLP was lower than suggested in previous reports. In all 5 cases where MLP and CAD coexisted, the classical 'ischemic' electrocardiographic response to exercise was not obscured. Even in the absence of CAD, postexercise ST segment abnormalities were common with MLP (18/39 = 46%) and differed from the progressively resolving ST segment deviation characteristic of CAD with angina. Exercise testing can safely be recommended, subject to standard contraindications, in patients with MLP and yields useful information. PMID- 710494 TI - Natural history of valvular pulmonary stenosis in children below the age of two years. Long-term follow-up with serial heart catheterizations. AB - 18 patients with mild and moderate valvular pulmonary stenosis diagnosed by heart catheterization before the age of 2 yr (mean 11.6 mth) were followed for 5 to 21 yr without operation. 15 cases had a repeat catheterization study after a mean interval of 10.7 yr. Of 7 cases with an initial right ventricular peak systolic pressure (RVSP) of 50 mm Hg or below, 6 had a decrease and 1 a moderate increase in RVSP. Of 8 cases with an initial RVSP of greater than 50 mm Hg 2 had a decrease, 2 had no change and 4 had a significant increase in RVSP; the latter subsequently underwent operation. Electrocardiography yielded some information, but neither roentgenography nor history was of any help in evaluating the severity of the stenosis at follow-up. As mild and moderate valvular pulmonary stenosis in infants and children below the age of 2 may progress and require operation a repeat heart catheterization is usually to be recommended later in childhood. PMID- 710495 TI - Effects of verapamil on sinus node function in man. PMID- 710496 TI - Expression of Thy-1 glycoprotein on lectin-resistant lymphoma cell lines. AB - Lectin-resistant mutants with specific defects in glycosylation have been selected from the mouse lymphoma cell line, BW5147 (Thy-1+). The quantitative expression of cell surface glycoproteins on the mutant cells has been studied. The results show that some glycosylation defects that confer resistance to the cytotoxic effects of concanavalin A block the expression of Thy-1 glycoprotein on the cell surface. However, some changes in the oligosaccharides of Thy-1 glycoprotein generated by glycosylation defects found in PHAR mutant cells and restricted to the termini of complex-type oligosaccharides have no effect on the ability of Thy-1 to reach the cell surface. No glycosylation defects were found that interfered with the expression of either gp 69, 71 or H-2 on the surface of the mutant cells. It is concluded that aberrant biosynthesis of Thy-1 oligosaccharides can interfere with its expression on the cell surface, but that specific changes in oligosaccharide structure are necessary to block transport to the cell surface and integration into the plasma membrane. PMID- 710497 TI - Tissue distribution and quantitation of Ia-like antigens in the rat. PMID- 710498 TI - The effect of colchicine and colcemid on the mitogen-induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes. PMID- 710499 TI - Specific antigens of chicken thymus. AB - Purified plasma membranes from chicken thymus and bursa cells were prepared and solubilized with sarkosyl (sodium salt of N-methyl-N-(1-oxodecyl)-glycine). Antisera to solubilized thymus plasma membrane (TPM) were produced in rabbits and the globulin fraction obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Four precipitating antigens were detected in solubilized TPM by immunoelectrophoresis. Following absorption with chicken serum and bursa plasma membrane (BPM) immunosorbents, three antigens, designated T1, T2, T3, were specific for the TPM fraction, and one antigen, T1, was found in soluble extracts of thymus tissue. Absorption with isolated plasma membrane and whole cells indicated that the T1 and T2 antigens in solubilized TPM are associated with the plasma membrane but not expressed on the surface of the cell. A common antigen, designated BT, was detected in BPM and TPM fractions and in membrane preparations of spleen. The antigens were not detected in any other tissues or cells including brain, circulating lymphocytes and erythrocytes. PMID- 710500 TI - The antiarrhythmic action of amitriptyline on arrhythmias associated with myocardial infarction in dogs. AB - The antiarrhythmic activity of amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, was evaluated in anesthetized dogs 24 h after coronary occlusion, during the period of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. In all experiments amitriptyline was administered i.v. in incremental doses of 0.3 mg/kg at 1 min intervals until a conversion to normal sinus rhythm was evident. Amitriptyline administration resulted in conversion of the ventricular arrhythmia to a normal sinus rhythm in 100% of the animals tested at a mean dose of 1.3 +/- 0.1 mg/kg. Smaller doses also resulted in a dose-related decrease in non-sinus nodal pacemaker activity. Lidocaine, when administered to the same group of animals, produced a reduction of ectopic pacemaker activity, but did not eliminate it at a cumulative dose of 2 mg/kg. Antiarrhythmic doses of amitriptyline did not produce significant changes in arterial blood pressure, cardiac output or electrocardiographic parameters associated with atrioventricular or intraventricular conduction. The results of this study suggest that at very low doses amitriptyline may be an effective antiarrhythmic agent in ventricular arrhythmias associated with myocardial ischemia. PMID- 710501 TI - Estimation of brain sensitivity to the convulsive effects of choline and changes induced by chronic barbital treatments in the rat. PMID- 710502 TI - The effect of substantia negra stimulation and morphine on alpha-motoneurones and the tail-flick response. AB - Rats were used to study the effect of unilateral stimulation of the substantia nigra on the reflex discharge of alpha-motoneurones and on the reaction time of the tail-flick response. In preparations with prenigral decerebration, nigral stimulation facilitated monosynaptic alpha-reflex activity, whilst gamma-reflex activity remained unchanged. The facilitation of monosynaptic alpha-reflex activity was reduced by naloxone (1 mg/kg); morphine (2 mg/kg) did not change the number of alpha-reflex discharges, but it reduced the alpha-reflex latency, enhanced the effect of nigral stimulation on the latency and abolished the effect of naloxone on nigral facilitation. Nigral stimulation prolonged the reaction time of the tail-flick response in rats with an intact brain and after prenigral decerbration. Naloxone did not influence the anti-nociceptive effect of nigral stimulation, whilst morphine enhanced it in rats with an intact brain. The anti nociceptive effect exerted by morphine in animals with an intact brain was abolished by prenigral decerbration, and an additional spinalization restored it. Inactivating the nigral neurones by unilateral microinjections of procaine or GABA into the substantia nigra depressed the nociceptive reflex. It is concluded that (1) activation of nigral neurones influenced mono- and polysynaptic reflexes in a reciprocal fashion by a pathway descending via brain stem relays to the spinal cord, (2) inactivation of nigral neurones produced similar changes in reflex activity by altering the function of the nigro-striatal feedback system, the outlet from the system to the spinal cord not being the substantia nigra, (3) morphine influenced the nociceptive reflex by an action at different levels of the central nervous system. PMID- 710503 TI - Aspirin- and indomethacin-induced ulcers and their antagonism by antihistamines. AB - Gastric ulceration produced by aspirin and indomethacin was compared in acutely stressed and non-stressed rats. We found a synergism between these anti inflammatory agents and acute stress in the production of gastric ulcers. Even at relatively high doses, neither agent caused appreciable gastric damage in non stressed rats, whereas moderate doses of both agents produced massive ulceration in stressed rats. The synergism appears unrelated to the effect of these agents on the pituitary-adrenal response. The size and regional distribution of ulcers produced by aspirin and indomethacin in stressed rats were comparable. However, the dose--response curves of the two drugs were markedly dissimilar. Furthermore, the ulceration produced by indomethacin was attenuated by both H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists, whereas ulceration produced by aspirin was attenuated only by an H2 antagonist. The results suggest that the ulcerogenic mechanism of indomethacin may differ from that of aspirin and add to the growing evidence on the importance of endogenous histamine in various forms of gastric ulceration. PMID- 710505 TI - Effect of labetalol on the accumulation and release of noradrenaline in rat ventricle. AB - In rat ventricular tissue, labetalol inhibited the accumulation of (-) [3H]noradrenaline and released [3H] following preloading with ( )[3H]noradrenaline. Cocaine (30 micrometer) inhibited the release observed with tyramine (5 micrometer) and beta-phenethylamine (5 micrometer) but not that observed with labetalol (5 micrometer). Reserpine pretreatment of the animals abolished the release observed with labetalol (5 and 50 micrometer). Labetalol primarily increased the loss of deaminated metabolites of noradrenaline. It is suggested that labetalol may release (-)-noradrenaline from the vesicles. PMID- 710504 TI - Application of high-powered microwave irradiation for acetylcholine analysis in mouse brain. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh) levels in whole brains or discrete areas of mice brains were measured after sacrificing by decapitation, conventional or high-powered microwave irradiation. ACh levels in mice brains varied according to the time required to inactivate the enzymes. ACh levels after high-powered microwave irradiation for a shorter time were significantly higher than those after conventional irradiation. PMID- 710506 TI - Effects of cycloheximide and/or morphine on enkephalin levels in mouse striatum. PMID- 710507 TI - Stimulation of prolactin release by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). PMID- 710508 TI - Chronotropic effect of tyramine on rat heart cells cultured with sympathetic neurons. AB - Dissociated newborn rat superior cervical ganglion neurons in culture without exogenous nerve growth factor survive and extend processes on a monolayer of rat heart ventricular cells. An increase in the contraction rate of the heart cells was observed in 83% of the co-cultures treated with 5 X 10(-6) M tyramine. No increase was seen in heart cell cultures without neurons. These results are consistent with the assumed mode of action of tyramine--the release of catecholamines from nerve terminals--and suggest that functional interaction can occur in culture between sympathetic neurons and heart ventricular cells. PMID- 710509 TI - A new in vivo method for quantitatively evaluating local anesthetics. AB - A method utilizing the reflex contraction of the retractor muscle of the hamster cheek pouch was developed to evaluate onset and duration of blockade produced by a local anesthetic agent infiltrated into or absorbed through the pouch epithelium. It provides a quantitative measure of reflex tension developed by the muscle as a function of afferent nerve conductivity in the pouch. The method is based upon the fact that when the pouch is everted activation of the retractor muscle results in the pouch being pulled toward the oral cavity. The method was validated by comparing the results with those obtained with other animal models and clinical trials. Ketocaine, an experimental drug, was evaluated for its efficacy as a local anesthetic when administered topically. In its present formulation the long latency of onset of blockade renders it impractical for clinical use. PMID- 710510 TI - Morphine: effects on serotonergic neurons and neurons in areas with a serotonergic input. AB - The hypothesis that morphine acts on the serotonergic system to produce analgesia is based on the previous observations that (1) lesions and stimulation of midbrain raphe nuclei after the threshold to nociceptive stimuli; (2) morphine alters the turnover of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). Microiontophoretic experiments were carried out to determine if morphine affected the firing rate of cells in five areas of the serotonergic system consisting of 5-HT containing neurons in the midbrain raphe nuclei (dorsal raphe and median raphe) or neurons in three areas (amygdala, optic tectum and subiculum) which are thought to receive a 5-HT input from the raphe nuclei. Morphine administered microiontophoretically slowed or inhibited the spontaneous neuronal firing in 34% of the cells studied in both the pre- and post-synaptic areas; systemically administered morphine gave similar results. However, the inhibition of neuronal firing by morphine in the five areas of the serotonergic system studied was not a specific narcotic effect because (1) it was not stereospecific; and (2) it was rarely blocked by naloxone. The inhibitory effect of morphine does not appear to be related to the analgesic effects of morphine because neuronal firing in the midbrain raphe nuclei and three possible postsynaptic areas was rarely altered by a nociceptive stimulus. It is concluded that (1) the analgesic effect of morphine is not related to an effect on neurons in the midbrain raphe nuclei and three areas which receive an identified 5-HT input; and (2) the effect of morphine on neurons in these five areas of the serotonergic system is not a specific narcotic effect. PMID- 710511 TI - Consummatory behavior and urine production after cerebroventricular injection of vasopressin and vasopressin antiserum. AB - Vasopressin, or vasopressin antiserum, was injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats. These rats were normally hydrated, cellular dehydrated (NaCl loading) or hypovolemic (polyethylene glycol model). Elevation or reduction of vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid produced no consistent change in consummatory behavior, urine volume or sodium and potassium excretion. These results show vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid not to be an absolute requirement for maintenance of hydration or for response to acute volume and osmotic stimuli. PMID- 710513 TI - Nucleus accumbens lesions reduce amphetamine hyperthermia but not hyperactivity. AB - Electrolytic lesions of the nucleus accumbens were found to produce an increase in spontaneous locomotion; additionally, these lesions attenuated the hyperthermic, but not the hyperkinetic, actions of d-amphetamine. These results suggest that while dopamine release from the mesolimbic system may underlie amphetamine-induced hyperthermia, other structures must also be involved in amphetamine-induced hypermotility. PMID- 710512 TI - Effect of hypothalamic stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. AB - This study was undertaken to determine if central nervous system differences in blood pressure regulation exist between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. Central control mechanisms were examined by observing the effects of posterior hypothalamic (PH) stimulation upon preganglionic sympathetic activity in 14--18 week old SHR and WKY rats. A bipolar, concentric electrode was stereotaxically placed in the PH. Stimulation was delivered at 20, 60 and 100 Hz (3-sec duration, 0.1 msec pulse width) at a voltage twice that producing an increase in blood pressure (less than 5 mm Hg) at 60 Hz. Sympathetic activity was recorded from a portion of the splanchnic nerve just distal to the diaphragm. Blood pressure was measured from a femoral artery catheter. SHR responded with greater increases in sympathetic activity than WKY; the differences were statistically significant at 60 and 100 Hz. SHR also responded with significantly greater increases in blood pressure at all frequencies of stimulation. To determine if the enhanced sympathetic response to PH stimulation seen in adult SHR is an intrinsic difference rather than secondary to sustained hypertension, we maintained SHR normotensive from four weeks of age with antihypertensive drug therapy (clonidine or hydralazine). Chronically treated animals were then tested at 14--18 weeks of age while on antihypertensives or four days after drug discontinuance. Sympathetic and blood pressure responses to PH stimulation were significantly greater in SHR maintained normotensive than untreated or chronically treated WKY. These data support the concept that a central factor is involved in the etiology of hypertension in the SHR. PMID- 710514 TI - Differential centrifugation of 3H-apomorphine and 3H-spiroperidol binding sites. PMID- 710515 TI - [Establishment of a new breeding colony of germfree CF no. 1 mice (author's transl)]. AB - Baby CF no. 1 mice were obtained by hysterectomy and reared by hand feeding under aseptic condition. Temperature in the cage was kept at 33 degrees C for first 14 days of age. Artificial milk, diet RM was composed of rat milk (44%) collected from the stomach of killed baby rats, evaporated cow milk (16%) and vitamin mixture (2%). The diet was homogenized after sterilization and given mice using a latex gum stomach tube at intervals of four hours for 20 to 24 days of age. Feeding size a day (Y ml) was given by the following regression curve, Y = 0.412 X - 0.299, (X : body weights in gram). According to this procedure, 40 out of 74 germfree mice (54%) were weaned with good growth. From a male and a female mice, the germfree CF no. 1 mouse colony of Takeda was established in 1967 and the lines were distributed to several laboratories of this country. PMID- 710516 TI - [Measurement of rat serum corticosterone using radiostereoassay kit for cortisol (author's transl)]. AB - A very simple technique for measurement of rat serum corticosterone with radiostereoassy kit using 75Se-cortisol was devised. Only 25--50 microliter serum was required for this assay. The serum sample was first diluted to 300 microliter with water and heated in a glass tube to denature the endogeneous cortisol binding protein. Then an aliquot of the sample was transferred into an assay vial containing 75Se-cortisol, cortisol binding protein and adsorbent granules. After rotated, an aliquot of the supernatant was taken for counting. High level of rat serum corticosterone was measured with satisfying accuracy by dilution with water. Serum corticosterone levels in 7 normal female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old, Ca 200g body weight) at 2.00 pm were 29.5 +/- 12.2 microgram/dl (mean +/- SD). The levels were lower and higher in rats treated with dexamethasone and with 1-18 ACTH, respectively. PMID- 710517 TI - [Survey of marker genes in the 9 rat strains (author's transl)]. AB - In total of 17 genetic traits of the 9 strains of rats, Rattus norvegicus, examined, 9 loci showed polymorphic, being a, c, d, h, Es-1, Es-2, Es-3, Amy-1 and sex-influenced esterase (d-allele is not identified [12]. These genetic markers are not only useful as linkage markers but also available for inspection of proper maintenance of inbred rat strains. PMID- 710518 TI - [A simplified method for determination of biochemical marker genes in inbred strains of mice (author's transl)]. AB - A rapid method is described for the determination of biochemical variants of mice by Titan III cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Variants examined were hemoglobin beta-chain, serum esterase-1, malic enzyme (supernatant form), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (supernatant form). The present procedure can be recommended as a simplified method to analyze biochemical variants for checking of marker genes in inbred strains of mice. PMID- 710519 TI - [Small scale efficient reproduction of El mice (author's transl)]. AB - Epilepic anormaly strain of mice "El" derived from National Institute of Health, Japan were bred by sister-brother mating during the first 3 months and maintained thereafter by random mating at this laboratory. About 20% (21/101) of virgin females and 4% (2/49) of males were infertile and rate of delivering was relatively poor; mean delivery rate was 70.6%. Delivery rate were drawn after fourth litter. The mean litter size and weaning rate were 7.54 and 97.9%, respectively. Male El mice died following convulsion. Autopsy revealed the obstruction of urether, bleeding in the bladder and seminal vesicules. The time of 50% death was 166 days of age. PMID- 710520 TI - [A micro-method developed for prothrombin time assay (author's transl)]. AB - Prothrombin time was measured by a newly developed micro-method using a plastic film available in the market (PARAFILM, American Can. Co.). The comparative study of this micro-method with that of Quick in rats disclosed a good correlation, with correlation coefficient of 0.951, supporting the usefulness of the method for examination of blood coagulability. The new method gave the physiological values of 9.8 sec in rabbits, 12.5 sec in dogs, 13.3 sec in mice, 14.8 sec in cats and 16.0 sec in rats, respectively. Among them, guinea pigs took the longest time of 25.3 sec for the coagulation. PMID- 710521 TI - [Physiological characteristics of germfree animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 710522 TI - [Animals strains used as models of parasitic diseases]. PMID- 710524 TI - [Rats with hereditary cataract]. PMID- 710523 TI - [Biozzi mice selected on the basis of antibody formation]. PMID- 710525 TI - [NZB/Jms with a high incidence of lymphadenopathy associated with sarcoidosis like lesions]. PMID- 710526 TI - Changes in basic proteins during sperm maturation in a plant, Marchantia polymorpha. PMID- 710527 TI - Induction of cell spreading by substratum-adsorbed ligands directed against the cell surface. PMID- 710528 TI - Preservation by glycerol of DNA synthetic capacity of isolated HeLa S(3) cell nuclei during long term storage at low temperature. PMID- 710529 TI - Chemotaxis toward carbohydrates and amino acids in Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 710530 TI - Modulation of phytohemagglutinin-mediated lymphocyte stimulation by egg lecithin. PMID- 710531 TI - Studies on fertilization in the ascidians. II. Lectin binding to the gametes of Ciona intestinalis. PMID- 710532 TI - Differential behaviour of sister nuclei in methylxanthine-induced binucleate cells. PMID- 710533 TI - Membrane mobility agents. V. Genetic variability in the fusibility of hen red cells. PMID- 710534 TI - Lectin-mediated agglutination of preimplantation mouse embryos. PMID- 710536 TI - Studies on the regulation of insulin receptors in cultured BALB/3T3 fibroblasts. PMID- 710535 TI - Colchicine binding of cell extracts from colchicine-resistant mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. PMID- 710537 TI - Visualization of rDNA spacer transcription in Xenopus oocytes treated with fluorouridine. PMID- 710538 TI - Biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid in the vitreous. V. Studies on a particulate hyalocyte glycosyl transferase. PMID- 710539 TI - Biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid in the vitreous. VI. Isolation of a complex containing hyaluronic acid and glycosyl transferase activity and studies on the activity of a soluble glycosyl transferase. PMID- 710540 TI - Progressive galactose cataractogenesis and regional susceptibility in the neonatal lens. PMID- 710541 TI - Individual variations in human meibomian lipid composition. PMID- 710542 TI - Cataracts in the aging rat lens. Morphology and acid phosphatase histochemistry of incipient forms. PMID- 710543 TI - Microperoxisomes in retinal epithelium and tapetum lucidum of the American opossum. PMID- 710544 TI - Suppression of corneal epithelial choline acetyltransferase activity by lid closure. PMID- 710545 TI - Delta crystallin accumulation in chick lens epithelial cultures: dependence on age and genotype. PMID- 710546 TI - Effect of a single oral dose of oxymetholone on the metabolism of human erythrocytes. AB - Androgenic steroids have been shown to enhance erythrocyte 2,3-DPG production in vivo and in vitro, and to stimulate the pentose shunt oxidative reactions in vitro. Furthermore, a 3 beta- and a 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase have been identified in red cells. The present study was carried out to explore a cumulative effect of androgens on glycolysis and androgen reduction in human erythrocytes in vivo following a single 50 mg oral dose of 17 beta-hydroxy-2 (hydroxymethylene)-17 methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (oxymetholone). The rate of erythrocyte glycolysis was measured by quantitative determination of: fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP); dehydroxyacetone phosphate (DAP); 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG); adenosine triphosphate (ATP); and lactate. Serum and erythrocyte steroids were separated by thin layer chromatography. The reduction of 5 alpha androstan-17 beta-ol-3-one by red cell hemolysate was measured in the presence of NADPH as an index of 3(17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Our results show that oxymetholone administration is followed by the appearance of an unidentified steroid fraction in chromatograms of serum and erythrocytes, simultaneously with the enhancement of glycolysis and of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in erythrocytes. A direct effect of androgen on erythrocyte metabolism, which is independent of the hormone erythropoietic effect, is discussed. PMID- 710547 TI - Population sizes of granulocyte-macrophage and monocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells in Sl/Sld. AB - The sizes of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-c) and monocyte-macrophage (CFC) progenitor cell populations were measured and compared in Sl/Sld and +/+ mice. In the marrow, the CFU-c and CFC population sizes were 40% and 67%, respectively, of the +/+ marrow CFU-c and CFC population sizes. There was no difference in the size of these two-cell populations in the spleens or thymi of Sl/Sld mice as compared with +/+ mice. Furthermore, the marrow CFC population was found to be heterogeneous by velocity sedimentation. One of the marrow CFC subpopulations is characterized by a velocity sedimentation value of 5.05 mm/h while the other has a value of 6.30 mm/h. PMID- 710548 TI - Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on proliferation of CFU-S. AB - Multiple injections of S. typhosa LPS increased the number of CFU-S in the spleen 20-50 fold and decreased the number in the femur to one half or less. LPS injections did not affect the growth rates of CFU-S in the spleen or femur of lethally irradiated mice. The plateau levels which were attained in these mice after proliferation, corresponded with the levels in LPS-treated non-irradiated mice. Local irradiation of the spleen with 3000 rad hardly affected the capacity of the spleen to accommodate the increased CFU-S numbers after LPS injection. These results suggest that irradiation resistant microenvironmental factors in the spleen determine the CFU-S accumulation in this organ after injection of Salmonella typhosa LPS. The increased number of CFU-S in the blood after LPS injection was maintained in splenectomized mice as well as in mice which received a local splenic x-irradiation with 3000 rad, indicating that this rise of blood CFU-S numbers is independent of the spleen. PMID- 710549 TI - Hemopoiesis on macrophage-coated cellulose acetate membranes (CAMS) in mice: an immunological study. AB - Macrophage-coated cellulose acetate membranes (CAMS), implanted into the peritoneal cavities of sublethally irradiated mice, support the growth of hemopoietic colonies. To investigate the nature of the precursor cells (CFU-ML) which form colonies on CAMS, we pre-treated marrow cells with rabbit anti-mouse brain serum (RAMBS), a known anti-pluripotent stem cell (CFU-S) serum, plus complement (C) and studied the number of colonies formed and the distribution of their sizes among the various histological types. Marrow cells pre-treated with RAMBS + C, even with the opportunity for interaction with macrophages in vivo, did not form fewer or smaller colonies than those formed from CRS + C treated cells, suggesting that most of the CFU-ML are antigenically distinct from CFU-S. PMID- 710550 TI - Erythroid colony formation in vitro from the marrow of dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis: interrelationship of progenitor cells. AB - Committed erythroid progenitor cells (Colony Forming Units-Erythroid, CFU-E) have been studied in canine cyclic hematopoiesis (CH) utilizing a semi-solid methyl cellulose culture system. Erythroid colonies were stimulated by the addition of a standard volume of serum from normal dogs that had been phlebotomized and subjected to hypoxia. CFU-E fluctuated over the cycle in dogs with CH from concentrations 4--5 times normal during the periods of peripheral blood neutropenia to less than one tenth of normal during the phases of elevated peripheral blood neutrophil counts. In spite of these marked fluctuations there was no change in the proliferation rate of the CFU-E as estimated by the tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) suicide technique. Failure to demonstrate a change in the CFU-E proliferation rate may be related to the relative maturity of these cells with the fluctuations in number resulting from a 'feed-in' from more immature cells. The results show that CFU-E fluctuate in the same phase as committed granulocytic progenitor cells (CFU-C). Our current knowledge of the interrelationships of marrow progenitor cells and events in the peripheral blood of dogs with CH is briefly reviewed and some additional questions, raised by recent studies regarding the pathogenesis of this disease, are discussed. PMID- 710551 TI - Determination of heme and non-heme iron content of mouse erythropoietic organs. AB - A procedure is described for determining the content of heme and non-heme iron in organs and tissues of the mouse. Heme iron after homogenization and hemolysis of the samples is extracted as hemin by means of a mixture of ethyl acetate and glacial acetic acid, the extraction being followed by washing with hydrochloric acid. Total iron content is determined with commercial analytical sets exploiting color reaction with bathophenanthroline after mineralization of the samples. The presence of bone or other tissues does not distort the results. The procedure is relatively simple and suitable for serial analyses. The results obtained for the mouse by this method are in good agreement with recognized principles of ferrokinetics in mammals. PMID- 710552 TI - Effects of upper respiratory tract stimuli on respiration and single respiratory neurons in the adult cat. PMID- 710553 TI - Effects of phenobarbital and SC-13504 on partially kindled hippocampal seizures in rats. PMID- 710554 TI - Cardioacceleratory sites in the zona intermedia of the cat spinal cord. PMID- 710555 TI - Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: effects of calcium and potassium on the spontaneous release of neuromuscular transmitter. PMID- 710556 TI - Effects of mesencephalic and pontine electrical stimulation on hippocampal neuronal activity in drug-free cat. PMID- 710557 TI - Viscerosomatic convergence in the dorsal column nuclei of the cat. PMID- 710558 TI - The spinoperiventricular fiber system in the rabbit, rat, and cat. PMID- 710559 TI - Behavioral consequences of visual deprivation and restriction in the golden hamster. PMID- 710560 TI - Sex differences in prolactin release after stimulation of the preoptic suprachiasmatic region at selected pulse frequencies in castrated rats. PMID- 710561 TI - The need to control skin temperature when using radiant heat in tests of analgesia. PMID- 710562 TI - Decrease of neocortical choline acetyltransferase after lesion of the globus pallidus in the rat. PMID- 710563 TI - Electrical stimulation of the brain stem in freely moving rats: II. Effects on hippocampal and neocortical electrical activity, and relations to behavior. PMID- 710564 TI - Focal brain hyperthermia: evoked responses in sensorimotor cortex. PMID- 710565 TI - Effects of puromycin on incorporation of [3H]lysine into protein following hemisection of rat spinal cord. PMID- 710566 TI - Sprouting of ipsilateral retinal projections in the optic system of the albino rat. PMID- 710567 TI - Role of somatic nerves in the cardiovascular responses to stimulation of an acupuncture point in anesthetized rabbits. PMID- 710569 TI - Axosomatic synapses in the spinal cord of the shark. PMID- 710568 TI - Zona intermedia pressor sites in the cat spinal cord: right-left asymmetry. PMID- 710570 TI - Effects of caudate nuclei or frontal cortical ablations in kittens: neurology and gross behavior. PMID- 710571 TI - Effects of caudate nuclei or frontal cortical ablations in kittens: responsiveness to auditory stimuli and comparisons with adult-operated littermates. PMID- 710572 TI - Righting ability and skeletal muscle properties of phenytoin-treated dystrophic chickens. PMID- 710573 TI - Motor responses to microstimulation of the medullary pyramidal tract in the cat. PMID- 710575 TI - Neural control of chloride conductance in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. PMID- 710574 TI - Body image: dissociation of real and perceived limbs by pressure-cuff ischemia. PMID- 710576 TI - A possible structural basis for the different modes of action of neurotoxins and cardiotoxins from snake venoms. PMID- 710577 TI - The brain-specific proteins D1, D2, and D3 in the cerebellum of staggerer, reeler and weaver mutant mice. PMID- 710578 TI - Preparative centrifugation of Artemia salina ribosomes in high density sucrose gradients. PMID- 710579 TI - Structure determination of the single glycan of rabbit serotransferrin by methylation analysis and 360 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 710580 TI - Branching reactions in the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 710581 TI - The role of intramitochondrial Pi in stimulation of respiration by calcium and strontium. PMID- 710582 TI - Charge transfer during valinomycin-induced Ca2+ uptake in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 710583 TI - Insulin activates pyruvate dehydrogenase by lowering the mitochondrial acetyl CoA/CoA ratio as evidenced by digitonin fractionation of isolated fat cells. PMID- 710584 TI - On the mechanism of inhibition of the respiratory chain by 2-heptyl-4 hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide. PMID- 710585 TI - Distribution of coding sequences within the nuclear HnRNA-protein complexes. PMID- 710586 TI - A rapid purification method for DNA-dependent RNA polymerase B from rat liver. PMID- 710587 TI - PTH-amino acid analysis by micro high-performance liquid chromatography (MHPLC). PMID- 710588 TI - Angiotensin-induced thirst: peripheral and central mechanisms. PMID- 710589 TI - Beta-adrenergic thirst and its relation to the renin-angiotensin system. AB - Isoproterenol is a potent dipsogen and antidiuretic agent. It also stimulates the release of renin from the kidney. Evidence is presented to substantiate the view that the drinking and increased vasopressin release that follow the systemic injection of a small dose of isoproterenol are mediated via increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system. Larger doses of isoproterenol, which have profound effects on the cardiovascular system, cause drinking and vasopressin release by mechanisms that do not depend solely on the renin-angiotensin system. Other experiments discussed do not support the hypothesis that hypothalamic beta adrenergic neurons are important in facilitating thirst. Low doses of isoproterenol are more effective in causing drinking and vasopressin release when given peripherally rather than centrally. Evidence is discussed that supports the view that isoproterenol given centrally leaks into the periphery and causes release of renin and subsequent stimulation of drinking and vasopressin release. PMID- 710590 TI - Attenuation of thirst in estrogen-treated rats. PMID- 710591 TI - The renin-angiotensin system and thirst: some unanswered questions. AB - Recent experiments dispute the significance of four findings that usually are cited to support the hypothesis that angiotensin is a natural dipsogen. First, although administration of exogenous renin consistently increases water intake, the plasma renin activities that are produced seem to be outside of the normal physiological range when the elicited drinking is substantial. Second, although plasma renin activities are elevated following caval ligation, colloid, or isoproterenol treatment, this activity of the renin-angiotensin system appears to account for only a small portion of the observed water intake. Third, although bilateral nephrectomy abolishes the water intake that otherwise occurs after caval ligation or isoproterenol treatment, the observed blood pressure appears to be so low as to preclude drinking behavior. Finally, although drinking can be stimulated in these hypotensive rats by various treatments, in each case a pressor response also is observed that might have restored the ability to drink. These new observations have provoked a reevaluation of the circumstances in which endogenous angiotensin stimulates thirst and the magnitude of its contribution then. At present, there is no persuasive evidence that the renin-angiotensin system normally plays a direct and substantial role in mediating the ingestion of water or saline. PMID- 710592 TI - Consensus, controversies, and curiosities. PMID- 710593 TI - Characterization of circulating shock-induced cardiodepressant substances. PMID- 710594 TI - Intestinal ischemia and shock factors. AB - Perfusion pressure reduction to the small intestinal vascular bed for 2 hours to followed by characteristic villous damage and a general cardiovascular derangement. In an extensive series of experiments on cats it was demonstrated that the cardiovascular derangement could not be ascribed to any pooling of blood and/or fluid in the small intestine. Cardiotoxic material has been demonstrated in the cat intestinal venous blood in in vivo and in vitro experiments using working rat hearts and isolated rabbit papillary muscles. A relationship between the extent of the villous damage and the appearance of cardiotoxic material in the intestinal venous blood has been found. The cardiotoxic material seems to consist of at least two heat stable fractions. One is water soluble with a molecular mass between 500 and 1,000 daltons and the other is lipid soluble with an unknown molecular mass. PMID- 710595 TI - Human leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF): a lymphocyte mediator with esteratic properties. AB - Sensitized human or guinea pig lymphocytes stimulated by specific antigen or nonspecifically by mitogens elaborate a soluble leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) that selectively inhibits the random migration of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. LIF has the properties of a protein and is unique among lymphocyte mediators because of its esterase nature. While its natural substrate on PMN leukocytes is unknown, a synthetic amino acid derivative ([3H]benzoyl arginine ethyl ester) has been shown to be capable of serving as an artificial substrate. Through the use of selective esterase inhibitors it may eventually be possible to develop a biochemical assay for its detection in lieu of the biologic assay. LIF containing supernatants have been shown to enhance a number of PMN leukocyte functions, including adherence, phagocytosis, metabolism, and electrophoretic mobility. In a chemotactic assay, LIF was found to induce the release of a low molecular weight peptide (neutrophil immobilization factor) from PMN leukocytes which decreased their spontaneous random movement and directed movement in the presence of a chemoattractant. This latter pathway may provide an amplification of LIF activity on the migration of PMN leukocytes. PMID- 710596 TI - Failures following fimbriectomy: a further report. AB - In 1977 we reported on seven patients who presented with intrauterine pregnancy in spite of previous fimbriectomy; in a detailed morphologic study one tuboperitoneal fistula was documented in each of four patients. In the present study three more patients are reported with pregnancy following fimbriectomy, and another four tuboperitoneal fistulas are morphologically investigated and their possible etiology is discussed. In spite of a failure rate of almost 2.6%, the concept about the reliability of fimbriectomy need not necessarily be condemned. This concept can be judged only if information is available both about the total number of fistulas subsequent to a certain technique and about the number of those fistulas which contributed to pregnancy. PMID- 710597 TI - Continued clinical experience with an increasing dosage regimen of clomiphene citrate administration. AB - Between August 1, 1975, and July 31, 1977, 60 patients with infertility and ovulatory dysfunction were evaluated at the Naval Regional Medical Center, Oakland. Of these, 15 had incomplete work-ups or were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 45 patients, 2 (4.5%) failed to ovulate at a maximal dose of 250 mg of clomiphene for 5 days with 10,000 units of human chorionic gonadotropin. Of the 43 (95.5%) who did ovulate, 33 conceived. Of these 33 patients, 9 (27%) required greater than 100 mg of clomiphene and/or longer than three ovulatory cycles to conceive. Of the 10 patients who did not become pregnant, additional infertility factors were present in 5. When these 5 were eliminated, the corrected pregnancy rate was 87% (33 of 38). The spontaneous abortion rate was 12.2% and there were no multiple gestations. These results would further emphasize that clomiphene can be used safely and effectively at doses greater than 100 mg or for longer than three ovulatory cycles. PMID- 710598 TI - Effect of estriol administration on the hypogonadal woman. PMID- 710599 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of hirsutism in women by selective bilateral adrenal and ovarian venous catheterization. AB - To determine the most significant secretory source of their androgens, 13 hirsute nonvirilized women underwent selective bilateral adrenal and ovarian venous catheterization to obtain effluent blood for the assay of testosterone and delta4 androstenedione. In three patients the testosterone and delta4-androstenedione gradients were significantly greater in the adrenal venous effluents. Testosterone and delta4-androstenedione gradients were significantly greater in the ovarian venous effluents in four patients. In six patients there were no significant differences in the testosterone gradients between the adrenal and ovarian venous effluents. The delta4-androstenedione gradients were greater in the adrenal venous effluents in three of these patients, greater in the ovarian venous effluents in one, and not significantly different in two of these patients. The fact that the measurement of urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion, the suppressibility of peripheral plasma androgens with dexamethasone, and the stimulation of peripheral plasma androgens with human chorionic gonadotropin correlated poorly with the selective catheterization data suggests that the former modalities are imprecise in the diagnostic evaluation of hirsutism in women. PMID- 710600 TI - The effects of a once-a-week steroid contraceptive (R2323) on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in women during three months of use. AB - Forty-four women were prospectively evaluated with a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test while they used a new weekly oral contraceptive drug, R2323. The blood tests were carried out before the drug was administered and again 3 months after its use. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. In the 40 women with a "normal" control glucose tolerance test, it was found that only the 1-hour blood glucose value was significantly elevated after 3 months of drug use and the plasma insulin values were unchanged. The tests of three of the four women with borderline abnormal to abnormal control test curves converted to normal with 3 months of treatment and that of one remained unchanged. The fasting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were unchanged over the 3 months' time. These results suggest that this steroid contraceptive has no effect on lipid metabolism. It also has minimal adverse effects on normal carbohydrate metabolism and may possibly improve abnormal metabolism. PMID- 710601 TI - Quantitation of Leydig cells in testicular biopsies of oligospermic men with varicocele. AB - Leydig cell density was evaluated quantitatively in bilateral testicular biopsies from 16 oligospermic men with varicocele. The method utilized for this quantitation is based on the determination of the total number of Leydig cells, Leydig cell clusters, and seminiferous tubules in the entire histologic section of each biopsy, and the calculation of the following indices: mean Leydig cells per seminiferous tubule, mean Leydig cell clusters per seminiferous tubule, and mean Leydig cells per cluster. A significant correlation between Leydig cells per tubule and Leydig cell clusters per tubule was demonstrated, suggesting that determination of Leydig cell clusters per seminiferous tubule in testicular biopsies is an objective and clinically applicable method for quantitative evaluation of Leydig cell density. An association of varicocele with Leydig cell hyperplasia was not noted for the 16 patients studied. In addition, no significant differences in Leydig cell density between right and left testes were found, and no correlation between Leydig cell density and site or degree of varicocele, or age of the patients could be demonstrated. To our knowledge this is the first report of quantitative analysis of Leydig cell density in men with varicocele. PMID- 710602 TI - A new chamber for rapid sperm count and motility estimation. AB - A new chamber for sperm count and motility estimation is described. This chamber, which is only 10 micron deep, enables free horizontal movement of spermatozoa in one focal plane and provides conditions for the examination of undiluted samples. Therefore, with the aid of this instrument it is possible to compare sperm motility in various samples from the same person or in different samples at different times. This can be done either by simple estimation or with any other method of motility evaluation chosen by the examiner. The sperm count can be made rapidly and directly from an undiluted, preheated sample by counting spermatozoa in the area of a grid located within the eyepiece; the count is expressed in millions per milliliter. Thirty-seven specimens were analyzed with this chamber. Statistical evaluation of the results revealed high precision, accuracy, and reliability of sperm counts when compared with the hemocytometric method. Better results were obtained when motility estimation was compared with the ordinary slide technique. Easy performance, rapid sperm counts, and improvement of motility estimation make this chamber a useful tool where sperm analysis is carried out. PMID- 710603 TI - Evaluation of a new silastic seminal fluid collection device. AB - A new Silastic seminal fluid collection device has been tested and compared in vitro with glass jars, latex condoms, and the Milex polyethylene sheath. In a series of tests utilizing 50 different semen samples and observing the effects on motility over a period of 4 hours, the Silastic seminal fluid collection device demonstrated sperm survival slightly better than that with glass jars, superior to that with the polyethylene Milex sheath, and far greater survival (by several hours) than with the latex condom. The Silastic collection device was found to be more comfortable and more pleasurable to the patients than was the Milex sheath. The accuracy of seminal volume measurements was also found to be better in the Silastic collection device. PMID- 710604 TI - Binding of steroids to human spermatozoa and its possible role in contraception. AB - The binding of steroids to human ejaculated spermatozoa and the effect of steroids bound to spermatozoa on sperm migration and motility in vitro was examined. A correlation between progestogens that bind to steroid-binding sites on human spermatozoa and progestogens that inhibit sperm migration was established. The results indicated that there is a direct and specific steroid effect on human spermatozoa, as some steroids such as progesterone, lynestrenol, and norethynodrel markedly inhibited sperm migration and motility, whereas other steroids such as estrone had no detectable effect on sperm migration and motility. The significance of these findings was discussed in relation to the contraceptive action of steroids applied directly to the lumen of the female genital tract. PMID- 710605 TI - The role of phosphate esters in male fertility. AB - Spermatozoa do not achieve full maturation and fertilizing capacity until passage through the epididymis. During this time they also gain motility, although spermatozoa do not move until after ejaculation. The organic fraction of human seminal plasma contains phosphate esters, particularly glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), phosphorylcholine (PCh), and inorganic phosphate (Pi). GPC is found in relatively high concentrations in the semen of many male animals, including man. GPC is synthesized by the epithelial cells of the epididymis, apparently under androgenic control. Consequently, it has been suggested that GPC might be a useful indicator of epididymal function. We have measured GPC, Pi, and PCh in fresh and frozen semen samples, using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR). All samples were assayed for phosphate esters. It was found that PCh was totally hydrolized to Pi. The average ratio of GPC to total phosphate (TP = GPC + Pi) remained constant at a value of about 0.1 for sperm counts over 20 million/ml. The ratio for azoospermic specimens was 0.02 or less; the same results were obtained from vasectomy specimens. This finding indicates that most of the GPC comes from the epididymis. There was a significant correlation between motility, progression, and the GPC ratio. Poor motility and progression in the specimens were accompanied by low GPC ratios regardless of the sperm counts. PMID- 710606 TI - The effect of prostaglandins F2alpha and E2 on pregnancy in mice during implantation. AB - The uterine content of prostaglandins (PGs) increases following insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD). Such IUD-bearing uteri also exhibit impaired decidualization. Although prostaglandins have been shown to be luteolytic in several species, it is not clear that inhibition of decidualization is mediated solely through alterations in ovarian steroidogenesis. In these experiments, ovariectomized, hormone-replaced pregnant mice, as well as intact mice, were treated systemically with either PGE2 or PGF2alpha so that the extraovarian actions of prostaglandins upon decidualization could be segregated from effects mediated by alterations in ovarian steroidogenesis. The results suggest that the effect of PGF2alpha upon decidualization was mediated via an alteration in ovarian steroidogenesis, but that PGE2 acted independently of the ovary. The hypothesis is presented that alterations in the ratio of E to F prostaglandins elicited within the endometrium by an IUD inhibit decidualization at the uterine level, and that this effect might be mediated by impairment of histamine release from endometrial mast cells. PMID- 710607 TI - Human sperm freezing. PMID- 710609 TI - Fallopian tube transplant. PMID- 710608 TI - Inadequate secretion of cervical mucus. PMID- 710610 TI - Plasma progesterone levels in normal and abnormal early human pregnancy. PMID- 710611 TI - The effect of intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha on anterior pituitary hormone release during midtrimester abortion. AB - The effect of intra-amniotic administration of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on pituitary hormone release was studied in women undergoing midtrimester abortion. Serum prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured prior to and at 15-minute intervals for 2 hours following intra-amniotic administration of 40 gm of urea alone, 20 mg of PGF2alpha and 40 gm of urea, or an equal volume of normal saline. Serum PRL levels were significantly higher at sampling times from 15 through 120 minutes when both PGF2alpha and urea were administered than after saline or urea alone. The elevation in serum GH following PGF2alpha and urea was not significantly greater than for urea alone. The GH response in the women receiving normal saline was significantly less than for the two groups of women receiving the abortifacients. These results indicate that the GH response was related to the stress effects of the abortifacients. There was no difference in the TSH, LH, and FSH responses for the three groups. These results suggest that PGF2alpha selectively causes pituitary release of PRL in women during midtrimester pregnancy. PMID- 710612 TI - Effect of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha on human oviductal motility and ovum transport. AB - The effects of an intravenous infusion of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on oviductal motility and ovum transport were studied in women who were scheduled for elective tubal sterilization. Infusion rates of 0.38 microgram/kg/hour or higher caused an increase in oviductal motility in all patients. Lower infusion rates did not always cause a stimulation of motility. Low infusion rates generally caused an increase in the amplitude of contractions without any effect on basal oviductal tone. The higher infusion rates usually caused a large increase in basal tone as well as an increase in the amplitude of contractions. Ova were recovered from the oviducts of five patients who had received an intravenous infusion of 15(S)-15methyl PGF2alpha. The ova were recovered from the ampulla in three patients, from the ampullary-isthmic junction in one patient, and from the isthmus in one patient. Since one would expect to recover ova from the oviducts at similar times under normal circumstances, there was no evidence that this prostaglandin treatment caused an acceleration of ovum transport. These data support the conclusion that a PGF analog which stimulates oviductal motility does not necessarily also accelerate ovum transport in women. PMID- 710613 TI - The duration of infertility: an important datum for the fertility prognosis of men with semen abnormalities. AB - In a group of 584 men with semen abnormalities the relationship between conception and the duration of infertility was studied. "Spontaneous" pregnancies were reported significantly more frequently for men with an infertility duration of less than 2 years than for men with an infertility duration of more than 2 years. Seventy-three conceptions occurred "spontaneously" and sixty-six occurred while the men were undergoing different forms of therapy. When all pregnancies were considered together it appeared that the "chance" of fathering a child after 2 years of infertility was still about 20% during the ensuing 3 years. PMID- 710614 TI - Immunologic studies of male infertility. AB - Blood and semen samples were obtained from 13 men who had self-agglutination of spermatozoa and spermatozoal antibodies in their sera. The seminal plasma of these men produced spermatozoal immobilization and agglutination when added to normal semen from healthy men. Analysis of the seminal plasma samples showed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were higher in the study group than in the control subjects. They contained IgA and complements C3 and C4, whereas only 2 of 15 samples from normal men contained IgA, and only one case contained C3 and C4. IgM was detected in 10 samples of the study group and in one sample of the control group. IgG levels in the blood of the study group were significantly higher than those in the blood of control subjects. Therefore, the immunoglobulins which probably play a role in the mechanism of autoagglutination and immobilization of spermatozoa are IgG, IgA, and IgM, and complements C3 and C4. PMID- 710615 TI - Statisical comparison of the parameters of semen analysis of whole semen versus the fractions of the split ejaculate. AB - The split ejaculate has proven to be a reliable method for concentrating sperm in a small volume. However, there is some controversy whether the spermatozoa in the most sperm-rich fraction of the split ejaculate has better motility than the spermatozoa in whole semen. In this study, at least two specimens of whole semen and two split ejaculates were obtained from 45 infertile males. The mean values for the parameters of the semen analysis were compared statistically. Our data indicate that increased sperm density is a consistent finding with the split ejaculate, even for severely oligospermic men. However, improved sperm motility with the split ejaculate is more variable. On the other hand, patients with mild oligospermia (10 to 40 million sperm/ml of whole semen) and high semen volumes (greater than 5.0 ml) demonstrated improvement in all parameters in the split ejaculate. PMID- 710616 TI - Suppressive effect of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane on human spermatogenesis. AB - Azoospermia was diagnosed in six factory workers who had been chronically exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Infertility was the presenting symptom in two patients and a decrease in libido or impotence characterized the others. Hormone studies revealed elevated plasma follicle-stimulating hormone levels and normal plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations. Testicular biopsy showed selective atrophy of the germinal epithelium, intact Sertoli cells, and a normal appearance of a relatively increased number of Leydig cells. PMID- 710618 TI - Short-loop feedback of luteinizing hormone: dose-response relationships and specificity. AB - The short-loop feedback control of rabbit luteinizing hormone (rLH) was studied by using a highly specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for rLH which does not react with human LH. Permanent intravenous catheters were placed in adult female New Zealand White rabbits at the time of castration. Highly purified human luteinizing hormone (hLH) was injected intravenously at doses of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 50, and 100 IU into unanesthetized animals 1 to 16 days following castration. Blood samples were obtained at -20, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes via catheter, and rLH and rabbit follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) levels were determined by RIA. Doses between 1 and 100 IU of hLH produced a prompt decrease in rLH (within 5 minutes); the maximal response occurred within 20 to 30 minutes. Calculated as integrated area of response between 0 and 180 minutes, a dose-response relationship existed between 0.5 and 4.0 IU of hLH. Human LH, even at high doses of 50 IU, produced no changes in endogeneous rFSH. This is the first description of an entirely specific control system for LH, separate from FSH. The short-loop feedback control system for LH is sensitive to levels of LH estimated to be present in eugonadal animals. PMID- 710617 TI - Quantitative analysis of the seminiferous epithelium in human testicular biopsies, and the relation of spermatogenesis to sperm density. AB - Quantitative analysis of the seminiferous epithelium was performed in bilateral testicular biopsy specimens from 14 patients with sperm counts ranging from 0 to 89 million/ml. All Sertoli cells and germ cells within each seminiferous tubule cross-section were counted in all biopsies. Results were expressed either as number of cells per unit length of seminiferous tubule circumference or as number of cells per Sertoli cell. Results were correlated with sperm count (millions per milliliter), total sperm count (millions per ejaculate), and age. A significant correlation between sperm density and germ cell counts was demonstrated. Coefficients of correlation were higher when results were expressed per unit of tubular wall length than when expressed per Sertoli cell. In men with sperm counts below 5 million/ml the number of germ cells in the biopsy was lower than in men with higher sperm counts. Spermiogenesis appeared to be most affected. In this group of patients an adverse effect of age on spermatogenesis was noted. PMID- 710619 TI - Ultrastructure of the vaginal tissue of rabbits treated with collagen sponge alone and medicated with zinc and copper salts and copper wire. PMID- 710620 TI - Role of blood and fibrinogen in development of intraperitoneal adhesions in rats. AB - One hundred and twenty rats were divided into six groups and laparotomized. In three of the groups the cecum was left intact. In one of these groups the cecum was only lifted up through the abdominal incision and then replaced in the abdominal cavity. In another group the intact cecum was bathed with a certain amount of blood from the animal's tail. In the third group the uninjured cecum was covered with fibrinogen in an amount equivalent to that in the blood used in the other group. In the remaining three groups the cecum was traumatized in a standardized way. In one of these groups the injured cecum was left untreated. In another group the traumatized cecum was bathed in homologous blood and in the third group the injured cecum was treated with fibrinogen as described above. Two weeks later the rats were killed and the number and quality of the intra abdominal adhesions were studied. The findings in the present investigation indicate that neither blood nor fibrinogen per se induced adhesions to the serosa. On the contrary, a defect in the serosa initiated the formation of adhesions. PMID- 710621 TI - Estimation of the size of the seminal vesicles by means of ultrasonic B-scanning: a preliminary report. PMID- 710622 TI - Hypotonic hysterosalpingography with glucagon. PMID- 710624 TI - A simple solution to five of the major problems of the microsurgical reversal of sterilization. PMID- 710625 TI - Antigenic status of semen. PMID- 710623 TI - Difficult removal of an intrauterine device associated with perimenopausal uterine atrophy. PMID- 710626 TI - Reanastomosis of fallopian tubes. PMID- 710627 TI - T-mycoplasma and the effects of Vibramycin therapy. PMID- 710629 TI - [Cytophysiology of the absorption cycle of enterocytes]. AB - The protein absorption (albumin and gamma-globulin) by epithelial cells of small intestine of neonatal rats was studied in order to define the duration of its stages, the role of intracellular structures in trensport of the absorbed substances, and the cyclic activity of enterocytes. The volume of the absorbed substances depends on the number and size of pynocytotic formations at the cell apex. The protein transport via cells into interstitia is an active process involving the Golgi complex, mitochondria, and other cellular structures. Due to be intracellular regeneration, the restoration of enterocytes begins from gradual protein unloading and is over when the product has been transported to the lymphatic capillary lumen from interstitia. As a result, the continuous absorption is possible in the mucous layer of small intestine although the villi enterocytes activity is of a cyclic character. PMID- 710628 TI - [Secretory cycle of pancreatic acinar cells in different functional states]. AB - Time parameter and secretory cycle in acinar cells of the pancreas were studied after atropine, trazilol, pilocarpine administration, and subtotal resection of the small intestine. The duration of secretory cycle was found to be about 45 min. in intact rats. Atropine and trazilol suppressed the secretion process, first inhibiting the release of the formed product and then reducing the synthesis. Pilocarpine first accelerated but very soon decreased the synthetic process. A marked acceleration of synthesis and intensification of secretory cycle in glandular cells occurred in postresectional period. Interrelationships of intracellular mechanisms for the product release and synthesis of new protein molecules, are discussed. PMID- 710630 TI - [Afferent activity of gastric nerves and its secretory activity following histamine administration]. PMID- 710631 TI - [Gastric secretion following three types of vagotomy performed on the same animal]. PMID- 710632 TI - [Effect of histamine and pentagastrin on the functional state of the hypothalamo neurohypophyseal secretory system]. AB - Histochemistry, cario- and zytometry methods showed that the activators of gastric secretion (histamine and pentagastrine) exerted opposite effects upon functional state of hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal secretory system in the guinea pigs. Histamine (4 mg/kg) activated the system and induced the development of gastric mucosa defects. Pentagastrine (5, 12, 15, 25, and 60 mcg/kg) decreased the activity of the system. No gastric mucosa or duodenum defects developed after pentagastrine administration. PMID- 710633 TI - [Comparative study of gastric glands following vagotomy, adrenal--and gonadectomy]. PMID- 710634 TI - [Anabolic effects of parenterally administered gastric gland hydrolases]. AB - In rats, i.v. administration of amylase, pepsinogen, and tripsinogen in microdoses increased the incretion of radiomethyonin from the blood into the tissue proteins of some organs. The incretion of pepsinogen stimulated the protein-production function of pancreas, tripsinogen stimulated the function of stomach glands, amylase--the function of the liver and the small intestine mucosa. The labeled pepsinogen 125I concentrated mainly in secretory organs. PMID- 710635 TI - [Role of secretin in regulating gastric gland activity]. PMID- 710636 TI - [Ultrastructure of pancreatic acinar cells under the influence of pancreozymin, serotonin and histamine]. AB - The pancreas was removed from male white mice given intraperitoneally pancreozymin (2 i. u./kg and 4 i. u./kg), serotonin (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) or histamine (0.1 mg/kg) within 5--10 min. Pancreozymin caused hypertrophy of the Golgi zone and the appearance of multivesicular bodies. Serotonin induced an intensive autophagia in the apical parts of acinar cells. The effect of histamine was revealed in the rapidity of the extrusion of zymogen granules and the dilatation of cisterns of granular cytoplasmatic reticulum. Possible physiological significance of the ultrastructural alterations of acinar cells is discussed. PMID- 710637 TI - [Role of the liver in maintaining enzymatic homeostasis]. PMID- 710638 TI - [Changes in the liver following occlusion of the left branch of the hepatic artery proper and depot-kallikrein administration]. PMID- 710639 TI - [Effect of heat, cold, muscular exertion on the amylolytic and invertase activity of different portions of the small intestine in rats]. PMID- 710640 TI - [Effect of synthetic macromolecular gastrin on functioning gastric glands]. PMID- 710641 TI - [Effect of antibodies to gastrin on the endocrine cells of the antral region of the rat stomach]. PMID- 710642 TI - [Studies on the purification and the immunological properties of LATS immunoglobulin (author's transl]. AB - It has been shown that LATS activity is mainly distributed in the fraction of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum from hyperthyroid patients. The present paper examined the immunological character of LATS and the method for separation of LATS activity from LATS positive serum using DEAE-Cellulose and affinity chromatography methods. LATS activity was distributed in the IgG fraction that could be separated by the DEAE-Cellulose column equilibrated with a 0.0175 M prosphate buffer, pH 6.3 from LATS positive serum. When LATS positive serum was fractionated by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose-bound antibody against human IgG, Fab of IgG and Fc of IgG, LATS activity was always retained in IgG fraction. When LATS positive serum was fractionated by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose-bound anti-K chain, LATS activity was found in the fraction that reacted with the anti-K chain. Because of the low antibody titer of the anti lambda chain, LATS activity did not react with this antibody. By affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound Concanavalin A, serum LATS activity was also retained in IgG fraction. LATS activity could be separated from LATS positive serum without significant loss of biological activity by affinity chromatography. When IgG (1) was purified from the fraction by affinity chromatography on anti IgG (1)-bound Sepharose, about 80% of the original LATS activity was found in IgG (1) fraction. When the Fab fragment of IgG (1) was separated from papain hydrolysed IgG (1), using a Protein A-bound Sepharose column, a short-acting type of thyroid stimulating activity was found in only this fraction. These data suggest that the biological activity of the thyroid stimulation is distributed mainly in the Fab fragment of IgG (1). PMID- 710643 TI - [A rapid and direct 125 I-based radioimmunoassay for unconjugated estriol in pregnancy serum and its clinical application (author's transl)]. AB - A rapid and simple R.I.A. method for serum unconjugated estriol in pregnancy had been studied for its usefulness as a routine obstetrical test to assess fetal well-being. Diluted serum samples or known amounts of standard estriol were applied with 125 I-estriol on pre-packed minicolumns of Sephadex G-25, followed by appropriately diluted antiserum. During incubation, the columns were counted in an Auto Well gamma-System to read the total counts (T). After a 90 minute incubation period, the columns were eluted with a buffer solution to remove the bound fraction, and the free estriol remaining in the columns was counted (F). Two quality control samples and sera from 74 pregnant women were analysed by this new method, and the results were compared to those obtained by the conventional radioimmunoassay method. The new column method is simple, specific and accurate. Results can be calculated within 4 hours after 30 sample sera are brought into the laboratory. Within and between assay coefficients, variations are 12.6 and 13.5%, respectively. This method correlates well with the results of the conventional method (r=0.7088, p less than 0.001), which requires almost 2 full days to process the same numbers of samples. Results of clinical cases as well as advantages of measuring free-circulating estriol in pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 710644 TI - [Temporal relationship of LH and estradiol at mid cycle (author's transl)]. AB - In order to quantitate the feedback effect of estradiol (E2) on the release of LH, serum LH and E2 were measured in 27 ovulatory women daily during the menstrual cycle. The initial rise of LH levels concomitantly occurred when serum E2 concentrations over 100 pg/ml and over 200 pg/ml were maintained for 2 approximately 4 days and for 1 approximately 2 days respectively. The initial rises of LH levels were observed on the day of preovulatory E2 peak. A more detail analysis of the relationship between the two hormones were obtained in five subjects whose blood samples were taken at every eight hours around the time of ovulation. In one among five cases, samples were not obtained early enough to ascertain the relation of the E2 peak to the LH peak. In 3 out of the 4 cases, the intial rises of LH levels occured prior to or concomitant with the time of the E2 peak. By average of all of the five cases, a significant initial rise of LH levels was observed simultaneously with the time of the E2 peak. These results suggest that the increase of the circulatory E2 levels is essential for the initiation of LH surge and their decrease levels are an unrequired mechanism for the midcycle LH release. PMID- 710645 TI - [Iodine metabolism in the autonomous functioning thyroid nodule and para-nodular tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 710646 TI - [Changes in serum thyrotropin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine after complete thyroidectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Changes in serum TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations after complete thyroidectomy were observed for 4 weeks in 9 euthyroid patients with thyroid carcinoma. Completeness of the thyroidectomy was confirmed by a 131 I scintigram performed one or two months after the operation. Serum TSH levels rose progressively during the 4 weeks of observation, and a significant increase was noticed as early as 3 days after the thyroidectomy. Serum T4 and T3 concentrations decreased significantly 3 days and 18 hrs, respectively, after the thyroidectomy. A sharp decrease in serum T3 concentrations within 18 hrs without a significant change in serum T4 levels and possibly without a significant change in the amount of T3 derived from T4 suggests that the amount of T3 secreted from the thyroid is large enough to affect serum T3 concentrations. The rate of decrease of serum T4 (t 1/2: 16 days) or serum T3 (t 1/2: 23 days) after the 3rd day of the thyroidectomy was much slower than the rate of disappearance of labeled T4 or T3 reported previously. The slow decrease rate of serum T3 is probably due to the conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues, and that of serum T4 may be due to either the decrease in T4 disposal rate in hypothyroidism or due to the release of T4 from peripheral tissues to serum. PMID- 710648 TI - Nutritional services program. PMID- 710647 TI - [Microdetermination of corticosteroids in adrenocortical zones in various adrenal diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Since the relationship between steroidogenic activity and morphological differentiation is not necessarily clear in the human adrenal cortex, aldosterone (Al), cortisol (F) and corticosterone (b) from the adrenal tissues cut into four small pieces (capsule and glomerulosa, outer fascicular, inner fascicular, and reticular zones) on a cryostat immediately after their removal at surgery were estimated by radioimmunoassay in 15 patients with adrenal diseases (8 primary aldosteronism, 1 idiopathic aldosteronism, 4 Cushing's syndrome and 2 pheochromocytoma) and 8 control subjects with other diseases. A larger amount of Al was contained in the outer fascicular zone than in other zones in control subjects. Al showed a high value of 0.16 approximately 7.40 ng/mg tissue in adenomas of primary aldosteronism and a low value of 0 approximately 0.25 ng/mg tissue in adenomas of Cushing's syndrome. A high value of Al was detected in idiopathic aldosteronism but not in the remaining adrenal of primary aldosteronism. In Cushing's syndrome, F showed a high value of 2.58 approximately 12.3 ng/mg tissue in adenoma and a relatively low level of 0.77 ng/mg tissue in carcinoma. A larger amount of F and B was found in the inner fascicular zone than in other zones in the control subjects. These results indicate that the corticosteroid content in each adrenal zone correlates with the morphological findings. PMID- 710649 TI - Attitudes of nonparticipation toward the swine influenza immunization program in southern Delaware. PMID- 710651 TI - Medical rounds at a tropical disease hospital. PMID- 710650 TI - Management of breast cancer: limited mastectomy. PMID- 710652 TI - Common suggestions arising from surveys--part II. PMID- 710653 TI - [Special clinical observations of Lichen sclerosus et atrophicans. 1. (report): Lichen sclerosus et atrophicans penis at 8 boys with phimosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 710654 TI - [Special clinical observations of Lichen sclerosus et atrophicans 2. (report): Familial lichen sclerosus et atrophicans in a married couple and their 9-year-old daughter (author's transl)]. PMID- 710655 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutical problems of the Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring of tender age (author's transl)]. PMID- 710656 TI - [PUVA-treatment of pustular psoriasis of the von Zumbusch type (author's transl)]. PMID- 710657 TI - [Subsepsis allergica Wissler (author's transl)]. PMID- 710658 TI - [Intralesion BCG vaccine therapy in cutaneous melanoma metastasis]. PMID- 710659 TI - [Preparation of the complement component C12 for the quantitative determination of immuno-complexes using radioimmunologic methods]. PMID- 710660 TI - [Recommendation for the construction of a photochemotherapy device]. PMID- 710662 TI - The individuality of plasmatocytes and granular hemocytes of arthropods--a review. PMID- 710661 TI - [Society for Medical Mycology in the GDR. Current problems in moniliasis of infants and small children (proceedings)]. PMID- 710663 TI - The phylogenetic development of anaphylactic activity and homocytotropic antibodies. PMID- 710664 TI - An improved method for the isolation of lobster lectins. PMID- 710665 TI - Thymocyte stem cell inflow in Xenopus laevis, after grafting diploid thymic rudiments into triploid tadpoles. PMID- 710666 TI - Ontogeny of macrophage function. II. Increase of A-cell activity and decrease of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages during ontogenetic development of immune responsiveness in mice. PMID- 710667 TI - Identification and characterization of three immunoglobulin classes in the northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus. PMID- 710669 TI - Development of the rabbit appendix. II. Localization of thymus-derived cells. PMID- 710668 TI - Responsiveness of the slug (Limax maximus) to injections of fluorescein- and rhodamine-conjugated immunogens. PMID- 710670 TI - Fine structure of the secretion granules in the mandibular gland of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata). AB - The cells of the secretory tubules in the mandibular gland of the echidna are packed with fairly large birefringent granules, which show a lamellated structure consisting of alternating thin and thick layers or shells of protein. This presumably rigid substructure collapses during exocytosis and the shells unravel as sheets that form a tangled mass in the lumen of the secretory tubule. Relatively pure fractions were obtained of the relevant granules and protein sheets, which should allow a further study to be made on the secretory proteins in this gland. PMID- 710671 TI - Estrogen and tracheal secretion: the effect of estrogen on the epithelial secretory cells of the rat trachea. AB - Epithelial secretory cells of the tracheal mucosa obtained from ovariectomized control and ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats were studied morphologically by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by the combined periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) staining method. A significant decrease was observed in the number of large PAS-reactive secretory cells following estrogen treatment. Concomitantly the number of the Mixed+ cells containing both weakly acid and neutral glycoproteins was found to increase significantly. A majority of the observed secretory cells exhibited either an apical protrusion loaded with secretory granules, extending to a maximum distance of 7.9 micrometer into the tracheal lumen or an apical indentation devoid of mature secretory granules, descending to 5.6 micrometer below the luminal surface. The frequency of cells exhibiting an apical indentation was significantly greater in estrogen-treated animals than in controls. The present findings indicate that estrogen treatment of ovariectomized rats results in: 1) an increase in the synthesis of weakly acid glycoprotein within tracheal secretory cells; 2) a concomitant decrease in the frequency of secretory cells containing neutral glycoprotein; and 3) a general increase in the secretion by the tracheal cells. PMID- 710672 TI - The influence of microinjected phalloidin on locomotion, protoplasmic streaming and cytoplasmic organization in Amoeba proteus and Physarum polycephalum. AB - Microinjected phalloidin induces both time and concentration-dependent changes in morphology and motility of amoebae and acellular slime moulds. In A. proteus injection of a 10(-3)M solution of the drug causes a separation of cortical hyaline plasma from central granular plasma. Simultaneously protoplasmic streaming and cellular locomotion are lost irreversibly. Lowering the concentration of phalloidin to 2 x 10(-4)M results in a reversible disturbance; amoebae recover after 30 to 60 minutes and show normal movement. In Ph. polycephalum the injection of a 10(-3)M solution of phalloidin into single veins induces a local gelation of the protoplasm followed by the separation of hyalo- and granuloplasm. In semi-thin and ultrathin sections the hyaline plasma regions contain a fine granular groundplasm rich in ribosomes but free of cellular organelles. The central granular plasma consists mainly of membrane-surrounded cellular compartments. The two morphologically distinct plasma regions are separated by a 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer layer of filamentous material. In A. proteus the filamentous layer is found shortly after phalloidin injection in close proximity to the plasma membrane, and consists of thin 5 to 6 nm filaments. With increasing time this layer contracts, separates from the inner plasma membrane and moves to the interior of the cell. During contraction thicker filaments with diameters of 10 to 30 nm and lengths of 300 to 500 nm are formed. The results indicate that the display and contraction of the phalloidin-induced filament layer can account for the changes observed in cellular movement and cytoplasmic organization. The resulting phenomena i.e. separation of hyaline plasma from granular plasma and changes in both the protoplasmic streaming pattern and locomotory activity of the cells, are discussed in terms of a general understanding of amoeboid movement. PMID- 710673 TI - Chromatin activation in peritoneal exudate leukocytes after fusion with L cell cytoplasts. AB - Cells reconstituted from the L cell cytoplasts and nuclei of mouse peritoneal leukocytes (PL) have been obtained by fusion procedures. The dormant nuclei of leukocytes undergo reactivation after fusion with active L cell cytoplasms. The reactivation is manifested by the swelling of nuclei, the increase of 3H actinomycin D binding to chromatin in situ and the 3H-uridine incorporation in nuclei in vivo and by the appearance of nucleoli. The data obtained indicate that the process of dormant nuclei reactivation does not require the presence of the nucleus of the active cell partner. Moreover, the process of chromatin reactivation is more rapid in reconstituted cells than in PL + L cell heterokaryons. Some other details of PL chromatin activation in reconstituted cells and heterokaryons are discussed. PMID- 710674 TI - Reaction of the contractile apparatus in Physarum to injected Ca++, ATP, ADP and 5'AMP. AB - After replacement of endoplasm by artificial media, the ectoplasmic tube of the plasmodial veins survives and contraction automaticity continues. Motive force generation for plasmodial locomotion is widely independent of the presence of endoplasm, i.e. force generation is located within the ectoplasmic tube. The replacement of endoplasm offers the possibility to study the effects of physiologically active substances upon the contraction activity of cytoplasmic actomyosin under in vivo conditions. Using different methods for measuring the force output as indicator of the effects of injected substances, the influences of free Ca++-ions and different nucleotides were studied. The injection of Ca++ buffers revealed that force output of the veins increased with ascending Ca++ concentrations between 2 x 10(-7) and 10(-6) M. Half maximal response was found to lie in the range of 4 x 10(-7) M, the saturation value at 6 x 10(-7) M Ca++. The injection of adenosine nucleotides induced optimal contraction responses at 0.2 mM ATP, 0.5 mM ADP and 2.5 mM 5'AMP, respectively. The contraction response induced by 0.2 mM ATP depends strongly on the concentration of the available Ca++. From a threshold concentration of 2 x 10(-7) M Ca++, force output increased up to 10(-5) M Ca++. In presence of 0.2 mM ATP, the value for half maximal contraction response to Ca++ was 10(-6) M Ca++. It is concluded that 0.2 mM ATP and 2 to 4 x 10(-7) M Ca++, are the conditions, under which the cytoplasmic actomyosin system of Physarum performs its function in vivo. The implication of the results and the possibilites of the new method for further investigations of the contraction physiology of Physarum as a model system for cytoplasmic actomyosin are discussed. PMID- 710675 TI - Influence of intragastric food administration on duodenal insulin-releasing activity (DIRA) in rats. PMID- 710676 TI - Glucose tolerance in jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: a fifteen month follow-up. AB - Twelve patients with body weight varying from 106 to 163 Kg, underwent jejunoileal bypass operations; their oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) were evaluated before the operation and one, five, and fifteen months afterwards. The lowering of the glycemic curve and the decrease of the insulinemia values during oGTT have been studied in relation to intestinal absorption deficit and weight loss. It is concluded that weight loss was the main factor determining the improvement of glucose metabolism. PMID- 710677 TI - Humoral antibacterial immunity in first degree relatives of insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Humoral immunity to bacterial antigens was investigated in 68 tissue typed and glucose tolerance tested first degree blood relatives of insulin dependent diabetics (IDD). The data were compared with those obtained in 60 IDDs and in 55 healthy controls. The prevalence of bacterial antibodies to E. coli, staphylococci, pertussis and diphtheria toxins were just slightly, but not significantly reduced in the blood relations compared with controls. Incidence of antibacterial antibodies was almost identical in blood relations with impaired and in those with normal glucose tolerance. By contrast, antibody formation to E. coli and staphylococci (p less than 0,0005, p less than 0,0005) respectively was significantly impaired in IDD. No correlation between genes of the major histocompatibility complex and humoral antibacterial immunity could be observed in IDD and blood relations. In conclusion, antibacterial antibody formation was found to be severely impaired in IDD patients but to be almost normal in blood relations of insulin dependent diabetics. These findings suggest that the humoral antibacterial immunodeficiency observed in IDD is a disease associated process probably independent of major histocompatibility complex linked genes. PMID- 710678 TI - [Adipocyte size in primary hypertriglyceridemia with and without obesity (author's transl)]. AB - Adipose tissue cellularity of patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia whether associated with obesity or not has been studied by means of a semiautomatic method of counting and sizing osmium tetroxide fixed adipocytes. Cell population distributions were analyzed by mathematical computation. The Coulter Counter system was able to determine mean diameter (or volume) and cell size dispersion which defined adipocyte population. An overall shift of cell population size has been found to characterize adipose tissue cellularity of the different groups examined. Adipocyte population in the obese was defined by increased fat cell size with overlapping distributions between both groups of same weight. Nevertheless normolipemic obese patients were characterized by larger cell size than hypertriglyceridemic subjects matched for adiposity index. The results are discussed in relation to the removal defect found in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 710679 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin F2alpha on insulin and glucagon plasma levels during the intravenous glucose tolerance test in man. AB - The influence of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin F2alpha on circulating concentrations of insulin and glucagon during the intravenous glucose tolerance test has been studied in normal man. Insulin responses to glucose during PGE1 infusion (0.2 microgram/Kg/min) were significantly lower than in control infusions (p less than 0.001 at 2, 5, 10 and 15 min). Moreover, PGE1 caused a clear elevation of basal glucagon (p less than 0.02). PGF2alpha, at the two doses used (0.2 and 0.5 microgram/Kg/min), had no effect on basal glucose, insulin and glucagon levels, nor upon glucose-induced insulin secretion. Neither prostaglandin affected the glucose-induced inhibition of pancreatic alpha-cells. There is thus some evidence that PGs of E series may play some role in modulating the secretion of human pancreatic beta-cells. PMID- 710680 TI - The cellulase complex in the culture filtrate of the thermophyllic fungus, Talaromyces emersonii. PMID- 710681 TI - Cortical and medullary lipids of normal and nephrosclerotic human kidney. PMID- 710682 TI - Circular dichroic properties of rat liver arginase. PMID- 710683 TI - Evidence of carnitine acyltransferases associated with rat heart microsomes. PMID- 710684 TI - Purification and characterization of the ferroxidase-II from rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) serum. PMID- 710685 TI - Membranes of mammary gland--XVIII. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose and 5-thio-D-glucose decrease lactose content, inhibit secretory maturation and depress protein synthesis and secretion in lactating rat mammary gland. PMID- 710686 TI - On the relative rates of synthesis and degradation of catalase in vertebrate tissues. PMID- 710687 TI - The influence of Ehrlich ascites tumour growth on the turnover of lactate dehydrogenase in tissues of the mouse. PMID- 710688 TI - Action of acetazolamide on liver pyruvate carboxylase activity, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis of mice. PMID- 710689 TI - The synthesis of pyridoxal phosphate in rat brain regions. PMID- 710690 TI - Characterization of glycine-extracted calf thymus deoxyribonucleoproteins. PMID- 710691 TI - Ionic strength effects on nucleoproteins. PMID- 710692 TI - Further observations on the effects of S-triazine derivatives on purine metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 710693 TI - Regulation of gluconeogenesis from propionate and propanol in the perfused guinea pig liver. PMID- 710695 TI - Kinetic studies on the flavoprotein component (E3) of rat brain pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. PMID- 710694 TI - Regulation of polyamine synthesis in the chicken. PMID- 710696 TI - Coupling of acetylcholinesterase to activated nylon nets. PMID- 710697 TI - Influences of op'DDD, op'DDE and solubilization procedures on the in vitro biosynthesis of 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone by sheep adrenals. PMID- 710698 TI - Use of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line with a temperature sensitive defect in cytoplasmic protein synthesis to examine protein synthesis associated with cell nuclei. PMID- 710699 TI - Glycogen phosphorylase from human normal and leukemic leucocytes: activities and interconversions between active and inactive forms. PMID- 710700 TI - Biochemistry of prostaglandins. PMID- 710701 TI - The role of prostaglandins in pyrexia. PMID- 710702 TI - The structure of the rabbit beta-globin gene. PMID- 710703 TI - The ovalbumin structural gene in genome and messenger. PMID- 710704 TI - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent deoxyribonucleases of eukaryotic origin. PMID- 710705 TI - Insulin regulates the translation of rat skeletal-muscle messenger ribonucleic acid. PMID- 710706 TI - Oestrogen-induced changes in the population of uterine polyribosomal polyadenylated RNA. PMID- 710707 TI - Non-polyadenylated messenger ribonucleic acids with affinity for polyadenylyl Sepharose from Friend murine leukaemia cells. PMID- 710708 TI - Complex kinetic data obtained with neutral proteinase and its inhibitor present in tumour-cell preparations. PMID- 710709 TI - The effects of zinc and lead on delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase [proceedings]. PMID- 710710 TI - Separation of gluthathione S-transferases by affinity chromatography [proceedings]. PMID- 710711 TI - Displacement of trypsin from the tumour-cell inhibitor-trypsin complex by exchange, by using enzymes with blocked active centres [proceedings]. PMID- 710712 TI - The O-, 4- and 6-sulphated disaccharides of chondroitin sulphates: their electrophoretic separation and detection with p-anisidine [proceedings]. PMID- 710713 TI - Evidence for the presence of a calcium-ion-binding site within fibrinogen fragment D [proceedings]. PMID- 710714 TI - N-Methylindoxyl acetate-linked stain for acetylcholinesterase [proceedings]. PMID- 710715 TI - Progesterone binding in rat uterine cytosol during early pregnancy [proceedings]. PMID- 710716 TI - Glycolic acid- and lithocholic acid-binding components in 100 000g-supernatant preparations from rat ileum and jejunum [proceedings]. PMID- 710717 TI - Plasma clearance and tissue distribution of liposomes containing different sterols. PMID- 710718 TI - Intrajejunal absorption of liposomally entrapped insulin in normal man [proceedings]. PMID- 710719 TI - The role of 1,2-epoxyindene in the metabolism of indene in vivo [proceedings]. PMID- 710720 TI - Intracellular protein degradation. PMID- 710721 TI - Filling family planning gaps. PMID- 710722 TI - Studies on progesterone receptor in rabbit uterus. PMID- 710723 TI - [The hormonal dynamics picture of tamoxifen treatment cases, in comparison of clomid treatment cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 710724 TI - [Biological activities of 3 different types of ethynodiol diacetate-ethynyl estradiol combinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 710725 TI - [Clinical studies on the outcome of pregancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 710726 TI - [Some informations from the blastocyst to the endometrial cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 710728 TI - [Philosophy of sterility (author's transl)]. PMID- 710727 TI - [Mycoplasma infection and infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 710729 TI - Determination of fructose and glucose in semen: evaluation and comparison of colorimetric and enzymatic methods. PMID- 710730 TI - [Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) in human semen (author's transl)]. PMID- 710731 TI - [Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens; four personal cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 710733 TI - [Activities of the Family Planning Center at the Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University of Rome during the 2 years of 1975--76]. PMID- 710732 TI - [Evaluation of an estrogen-progestagen combination in reduced doses with contraceptive purpose]. PMID- 710735 TI - Fine structural changes in the liver of methotrexate-treated psoriatics. AB - Ultrastructure of 55 liver biopsies obtained from 52 patients, all but 1 with psoriasis and all but 5 treated with methotrexate (MTX), have been studied. In MTX-treated psoriatics, liver cell nuclei showed reduced electron opacity with frequent cytoplasmic invaginations and glycogen inclusions. In the mitochondria nonspecific changes, such as pleomorphism, gigantism, paracrystalline inclusions, compartmentalization, signs of division and sequestration via autophagosomy were noted. The pericanalicular ectoplasm exhibited widening with accumulation of microfilaments. Detachment of desmosomal plaques between hepatocytes was common. A striking finding was the hyperplasia of fat-storing perisinusoidal (Ito) cells. No definite correlation was found between morphology, duration of disease, treatment as well as cumulative dose of MTX. PMID- 710734 TI - Ascorbic acid status in idiopathic hemochromatosis. AB - Vitamin C status was studied, by means of leucocyte ascorbic acid concentrations, in 67 cases of idiopathic hemochromatosis subdivided into 44 untreated and 25 treated cases (2 patients belonging to both subgroups) and compared to 31 normal subjects and 37 alcoholic cirrhosis patients. The control groups exhibited the following mean levels (+/- SEM): 34.4 +/- 1.9 microgram/10(8) WBC in normals and 22.0 +/- 1.8 microgram/10(8) WBC in alcoholic cirrhosis. In idiopathic hemochromatosis the mean levels were: for the untreated group 19.5 +/- 1.7 microgram/10(8) WBC and for the treated group 34.3 +/- 2.3 microgram/10(8) WBC. These results (1) affirm an important vitamin C deficiency in the untreated disease; (2) suggest that iron overload is the main causal factor in view of the striking difference--to date unreported--between untreated and treated cases of idiopathic hemochromatosis. Besides its possible theoretical interests, this vitamin C deficiency is responsible in idiopathic hemochromatosis for a significant underestimation of the desferrioxamine-induced urinary iron excretion. PMID- 710736 TI - Physiologic release of secretin measured in peripheral and portal venous blood of dogs. AB - The effect of food on circulating levels of secretin, measured by radioimmunoassay, was studied in 7 dogs. Significant postprandial increases in secretin were found in portal and peripheral plasma of dogs fasted for 18 h. Basal levels of secretin were significantly lower in dogs fasted for 72 h when compared with dogs after an 18-hour fast. After the prolonged fast, food caused a significant release of secretin, measured peripherally. We conclude that secretin is released by a physiologic stimulus (food) and that circulating levels of secretin are depressed after prolonged starvation. PMID- 710737 TI - Lack of parallelism between microsomal enzyme induction and phenobarbital-induced hypercholeresis in the rat. AB - The relationship between microsomal enzyme induction and the increase in bile flow associated with phenobarbital administration was studied in rats in three experimental situations: examination of the time-course effect of a single dose of phenobarbital (8 mg/100 g body weight) on bile flow and hepatic cytochrome P 450 concentration; study of the influence of SKF 525-A (8 mg/100 g body weight) and cobaltous chloride (6 mg/100 g body weight/day for 3 days) on the phenobarbital-induced hypercholeresis. It was observed that: (a) the maximal increase in bile flow occurred 18 h after the single injection of phenobarbital, while the maximal increase in cytochrome P-450 occurred at 48 h; (b) in rats pretreated with phenobarbital for 3 days, SKF 525-A did not suppress the hypercholeresis due to phenobarbital, and (c) in rats treated with phenobarbital and cobaltous chloride, cytochrome P-450 concentration in the liver was not increased, while bile flow was increased to approximately the same extent as in animals treated with phenobarbital alone. These results further support the hypothesis that microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme induction and increase in bile flow are two separate effects of phenobarbital. PMID- 710738 TI - Antral vagotomy in parietal cell vagotomized dogs with a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty. Effect upon gastric emptying and motility, serum gastrin concentration, and Heidenhain pouch acid secretion. AB - In 6 Heidenhain pouch (HP) dogs who previously had undergone parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) with a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty (Ppl), the antral nerves were cut. No significant changes in HP acid secretion or serum gastrin concentration occurred. In a similar previous study using HP dogs with a PCV and a gastroduodenostomy (GD), a significant rise in HP acid secretion without concomitant changes in serum gastrin concentration were observed after antral denervation. These findings indicate that the antral vagal nerves have no direct influence on HP acid secretion, but the rised HP acid secretion in the GD dogs after antral denervation may be related to the changed gastroduodenal emptying pattern which partly excludes the food acid stream from the acid inhibitory mechanism in the duodenal bulb. PMID- 710740 TI - Effect of food intake on circulating antigen-antibody complexes in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. AB - Serum antibodies directed against 5 alimentary antigens and antigen-antibody complexes were determined in 15 control subjects and in 15 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients presented an increased immune response against these antigens. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected in the fasting plasma of 7 cirrhotic patients. The level of immune complexes increased in 6 out of these 7 patients 1 h after lunch. PMID- 710739 TI - Effects of prostaglandins and their methylated analogues upon human adenylate cyclase in the upper gastrointestinal tract. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin A2 and their methylated analogues upon the adenylate cyclase in human gastric mucosa were studied. PG E2 and 16,16 dimethyl-PG E2 stimulated the enzyme activity to a greater degree than PG A2 and 16,16-dimethyl-PG A2. 16,16-dimethyl-PG E2 was less potent in activating the enzyme system than its parent compound. The results suggest that the more pronounced antisecretory activity of 16,16-dimethyl-PG E2 is due to its greater resistance against enzymatic degradation. PMID- 710741 TI - Who will educate? PMID- 710742 TI - An assessment of primary nursing. PMID- 710743 TI - Human rights and the employment process. PMID- 710744 TI - Upgrading the work of new graduate nurses. PMID- 710745 TI - Measuring activity by "work sampling". PMID- 710746 TI - Civil commitment of the mentally ill. PMID- 710747 TI - Designing a supply department. PMID- 710749 TI - Confidentiality code introduced. PMID- 710748 TI - Don't blame hospitals. PMID- 710750 TI - Dietary fibre and diabetes. PMID- 710751 TI - Effects of diet on the cellular insulin binding and the insulin sensitivity in young healthy subjects. PMID- 710752 TI - Continuous blood glucose analysis in vitro and in vivo. AB - A practical method for continuous blood glucose analysis in vivo is described. Using an interference-free enzyme reagent in a modified Auto-Analyzer whole blood glucose concentration can be monitored continuously and interpreted in terms of the actual plasma glucose concentration. The method uses a novel technique for preheating the sample diluent without introducing additional time delays, consumes whole blood at a rate of 0.05 ml/min, and demonstrates a transport delay of 148 s. Other improvements include an average baseline drift of -0.11 mg/dl/h and a mean change in sensitivity of -0.4% after 8.5 h. In vitro glucose recovery studies comparing whole blood to the corresponding plasma samples show the method is precise (101.3 +/- 0.7%), linearly proportional (slope of 1.007 +/- 0.012) and highly correlated (greater than 0.998) over the range of 0 to 500 mg/dl, with reference to a Beckman glucose analyzer. In vivo applications are presented to show that this method is suitable for us in systems such as the 'artificial endocrine pancreas'. PMID- 710753 TI - Thickening of glomerular basement membrane in spontaneously diabetic rats. AB - The glomerular basement membrane of spontaneously diabetic rats was investigated by quantitative analysis using electron microscopy, with special reference to the effect of ageing. Constant age-related increase in the width of basement membrane was ascertained both in diabetic and control rats, and the mean values of basement membrane thickness were always higher in the spontaneously diabetic rats than in normal control rats. Significant thickening of glomerular basement membrane was found in the diabetic rats at 12 weeks of age, while younger diabetic rats had no definite increase. The difference in basement membrane thickness between diabetic and normal control rats became larger with increasing age. PMID- 710754 TI - Effect of free fatty acids and amino acids on glucagon and insulin secretions in normal and diabetic ducks. AB - The relationship between two metabolites free fatty acids (FFA) and amino acids (AA), and the two main pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, was studied by infusing small amounts of these metabolites into normal and diabetic Peking ducks, i.e. two days after subtotal pancreatectomy. Infusion of oleic acid (0.365 g/kg/30 min as an emulsion in plasma) indicated a suppressive effect of free fatty acids on glucagon secretion, but was without effect on insulin secretion, in normal as well as in diabetic ducks, indicating that insulin might not be directly involved in the FFA-glucagon feedback in the duck. Infusions of arginine for one hour (1 g/kg/h) into normal ducks, hyperglycaemic normal birds (as a result of glucose infusion: 1 g/kg/h) and diabetic ducks, suggested the persistence of amino acid effect on glucagon secretion, and a slight reduction of the effect on insulin secretion in diabetes. This suggests that insulin may not be involved in amino acid-induced glucagon secretion in the duck. PMID- 710755 TI - Sulphydryl requirement for insulin release from the perfused pancreas. Studies with ethacrynic acid and dithiothreitol. AB - Using the isolated, perfused rat pancreas the importance of sulphydryl groups for the secretory process of insulin was investigated. It was found that ethacrynic acid (EA, 0.075-0.6 mmol/1) caused a dose-dependent, monophasic insulin release. Addition of EA to a glucose-stimulated (20 mmol/1) pancreas led to a sudden increase in hormone release, followed by a dose-dependent inhibition of release, which was not reversible after removal of EA. The same phenomenon was seen in the presence of 20 mmol/1 leucine. Dithiothreitol (DTT, 0.1 and 1 mmol/1) had no effect on basal insulin secretion. Added to a glucose-stimulated pancreas DTT (1 mmol/1) caused a reversible inhibition of insulin release. The persistent inhibitory action of EA on glucose-induced insulin release could be reversed by simultaneous perfusion of EA and DTT. Sequential exposure of a glucose-stimulated pancreas to EA and DTT led to a rapid release of insulin, due to DTT; however, the EA-induced inhibition of insulin secretion could not be prevented. Two kinds of thiol groups in the plasma membrane and in the beta cell might be responsible for the various kinetics of insulin release induced by EA and DTT. PMID- 710757 TI - [Clinical use of a minicomputer in heart surgery intensive care units]. AB - The Authors present three respiratory parameters useful to estimate the respiratory and hemodynamic conditions of a cardiac patients before these turn into obvious pathological clinical pictures. The parameters are: alveolar arterial oxygen difference, respiratory index and arterial-venous pulmonary shunts. The sophisticated mathematic calculations necessary to calculate and to elaborate such data are made, in few seconds, by a minicomputer which is very easy to work with. A clinical example in which the above-mentioned data have been employed helps to demonstrate their extreme usefulness. PMID- 710756 TI - Haloperidol, a dopaminergic antagonist: somatostatin-like inhibition of glucagon and insulin release from the isolated, perfused canine pancreas. AB - The effect of haloperidol, a dopaminergic antagonist, on insulin and glucagon secretion was investigated using the isolated, perfused canine pancreas. Haloperidol at 4 X 10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/l caused a dose-dependent inhibition of glucagon release both at low (25 mg/100 ml) and high glucose concentrations (150 mg/100 ml). At the low glucose concentration insulin release was already maximally suppressed. At the high glucose concentration haloperidol (4 X 10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/1) also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of insulin release. Haloperidol (10(-5) mol/1) inhibited dramatically pancreatic A and B cell responses to isoproterenol (2 ng/ml), acetylcholine (1 mumol/1) and arginine (5 mmol/1). The inhibitory effect of haloperidol on both glucagon and insulin release could be eliminated by increasing perfusate calcium concentration from 1.3 to 8.8 mmol/1. These findings suggested that haloperidol blocks glucagon and insulin release in a somatostatin-like manner by affecting a fundamental step of the stimulus-secretion coupling, probably by interfering with calcium handling of the pancreatic A and B cells. PMID- 710759 TI - [Correlation between echocardiographic and phonomechanocardiographic parameters of left ventricular contractility]. PMID- 710758 TI - [The administration of an association of sodium nitroprusside and adrenaline in cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In 223 operations of cardiovascular surgery, myocardial performance was supported, after the interruption of cardiopulmonary bypass, by means of a combined and strictly controlled administration of a pure vasodilator drug (sodium nitroprusside) and of an inotropic agent (epinephrine). The reduction of afterload achieved by the former, the increase of contractility and heart rate induced by the latter, the coronary dilator effect of both, associated with an adequate maintaining of preload proved to be rapidly effective. This appeared to be particularly true in patients with overt left ventricular failure after valve replacement and/or myocardial revascularization procedures. The proposed association of drugs and treatment program seem to be an appropriate way of managing the myocardial and hemodynamic response to the metabolic reactivation that follows the surgical ischemic cardiac arrest. PMID- 710760 TI - ["T'orsade de pointe" and amiodarone (author's transl)]. AB - A long Q-T interval syndrome is described, followed by "torsade de pointe" and by irriducible ventricular fibrillation that is ascribed to a badly conducted therapy with amiodarone, in a patient affected by mitral valve disease, microcitaemia and hemolitic intercurrent moderate jaundice. PMID- 710761 TI - [Fiction and reality in the problem of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 710762 TI - [Natural history of angina pectoris: follow-up on 519 unoperated patients (author's transl)]. AB - 519 patients with angina pectoris studied by selective coronary arteriography and left ventriculogram, were followed for a period ranging from 18 months to 7 years. The mean follow-up was 42.2 months. The patients showed a survival probability of 81% at the 7th year. After 5 years the survival probability was 83.2% for patients with typical stable angina, 70.3% for patients with unstable angina, 96.7% for patients with atypical angina. The survival probability was 78.8% for the male sex and 94.6% for the female (at the 5th year). Age, a long lasting angina, the presence of: previous infarction, myocardial failure, cigarette smoking, hyperlipidemia, cardiomegaly and an ischemic resting EKG were factors with poor prognostic value. The prognostic value of significant coronary stenosis was confirmed. The survival probability at the 5th year of the patients without critical stenosis was 96.6%, of patients with stenosis of 1, 2 and 3 main coronary arteries was respectively: 87.6%, 79% 54.7%. Significative prognostic differences were observed in patients with normal left ventricle kinesia (survival probability at the 5th year: 90%), compared with patients with severe VS ipokinesia (62.7%) and with VS diskinesia (69%). In the follow-up period an incidence of 9% of myocardial infarctions was observed. The degree of each stenosis and the number of vessels involved, the type of angina, the presence of risk factors or previous myocardial infarction did not affect the clinical evolution of angina. PMID- 710763 TI - [Coronary lesions, regional impairment of ventricular synergism and of left ventricular performance in patients with previous myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 710764 TI - [Myocardial infarction in young people. A coronary angiographic study in 21 patients under the age of 30 (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors have taken into account 21 patients who complained of myocardial infarction before they were 30 years old. We performed coronary angiography, left ventriculography and left cardiac catheterization in all the patients. In 20 cases we found atherosclerotic alterations (50 or greater obstruction) at least in one of the three main braches of coronary tree. The coronary angiography in one patient showed a picture of dissection of right coronary. The alterations are localized more frequently on the anterior descending branch than on the right coronary. On the contrary we found very seldom atherosclerotic lesions on the circumflex artery. Monovascular alterations were more frequent than plurivascular alterations (more than 40% of the total). Left ventricular function was out of order in almost all cases. In summary the important differences between young patients with myocardial infarction and older patients are the following: 1) from the clinical point of view the sudden onset of myocardial infarction without previous symptoms of angina pectoris; 2) from the angiography point of view high incidence of monovascular alterations and low incidence of collateral circulations. PMID- 710765 TI - [An echocardiographic study of the isovolumetric relaxation period in the myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Variations have been examined in the left ventricle's transverse dimension (TD) during the isovolumic relaxation period (IRP) in 12 healthy subjects and in 38 patients with anterior or antero-inferior infarct. Healthy subjects have shown no increase in TD during the IRP whereas this fact has been noted in 24 out of 38 (63%) patients with different distribution according to the site of the infarct (29%) for inferior infarcts and 86% for anterior or antero-inferior infarcts). These results suggest that inferior infarct compared with anterior infarct, implies a less incoordinate ventricular contraction. It is thus stressed the opportunity of echocardiography approach for the identification of the incoordinate ventricular contraction and for the determination of IRP duration which may be exposed to serious mistakes using the traditional phono apexcardiographic method. PMID- 710766 TI - [Usefulness of x-ray parameters in the functional evaluation of patients with nonvalvular cardiopathies]. AB - In 49 patients suffering of heart diseases we have studied the changes of radiologic cardiac measurements and systolic time intervals (STI) in the four functional classes of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, investigating also the existence of any relationship between these different parameters. Only the patients in functional classes 3rd and 4th showed significant changes in STI and radiologic measurements as compared to the control group. Moreover, a significant negative correlation has been observed between relative heart volume and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) (r = 0.69, P less than 0.001) and LVETc (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001) and a positive correlation between relative heart volume and pre-ejection period (PEP) (r = 0.59, P less than 0.01) and PEP/LVET ratio (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). These results seem to demonstrate that relative heart volumetry is a fairly accurate index of the cardiac conditions in non valvular heart diseases. PMID- 710767 TI - [A specific anomalies of ventricular repolarization. Dysgenetic syndromes caused by functional asymmetry of the cardiac sympathetic nerves]. AB - The following is a personal study of the case histories of 3 patients, spontaneous carriers of "labile pseudo-ischemic T wave" and of their direct consanguineous, a total of 25 subjects. In these three families the family incidence on electrocardiographic anomalies is confirmed. In these same subjects as well as in others belonging to families examined in a previous study, a total of 90 subjects, the duration of the QT interval was measured, showing values which tended to be above the average and, in some cases, above the accepted maximum. The analogy among the anomalies of the ventricular repolarization to be found during the course of neurological diseases and under experimental conditions of unilateral lesions of the sympathetic cardiac innervation and the "labile T wave" syndrome, sometimes coexisting in the same family with a report of elongated QT interval, suggests the hypothesis that this may be placed within the ambit of disgenetic syndromes from alterations of the functional balance between right and left component of the sympathetic heart innervation. PMID- 710768 TI - [Progress in the evaluation of the electrophysiological mechanisms of the ventricular pre-excitation syndrome. Recognition of multiple accessory pathways]. PMID- 710769 TI - [Reflex pressor response in young subjects with labile hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - A study on the pressor response to various tests of sympathetic stimulation has been performed in 36 young subjects, 9 with labile hypertension and 27 normotensive. All have been studied with "tilt test", "cold pressor test" and "mental arithmetic stress". In the labile hypertensive subjects the "tilt test" induced increases of the systolic and diastolic pressure significantly higher than in the normotensives. The "cold pressor test" produced an increase of the arterial pressure and of the heart rate significantly lower in the labile hypertensive than in the normotensive. The pressure responses and the changes of the heart rate produced by the "mental arithmetic stress" did not show significant differences in the two groups of patients studied. The results are discussed. PMID- 710770 TI - [Standards of health care in Mexico]. PMID- 710771 TI - [Physician-patient relationship]. PMID- 710772 TI - [Fatal poisoning caused by tullidora (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Report of a case]. PMID- 710773 TI - [Management of acute respiratory infections in children]. PMID- 710774 TI - [Present status of the treatment of urinary infections]. PMID- 710775 TI - [Ecological impact of the use of antibiotics. I. Mechanism of action of antibiotics]. PMID- 710776 TI - [Mechanism of resistance to antibiotics]. PMID- 710777 TI - [Hospital infections]. PMID- 710779 TI - [Research as a form of relating the university with reality]. PMID- 710778 TI - [Drug interactions]. PMID- 710780 TI - [Problems of the biomedical education-research process. I. Reflections on the education-learning process]. PMID- 710781 TI - [Teaching-learning and research at the pregraduate level]. PMID- 710782 TI - [Research in public health]. PMID- 710783 TI - [Alcoholic cirrhosis: a disease caused by immunological mechanism?]. PMID- 710784 TI - [Hepatic amebiasis at 23 days of age]. PMID- 710785 TI - [Treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 710786 TI - [Occupational diseases. I. Introduction]. PMID- 710788 TI - [The humanization of work]. PMID- 710787 TI - [Pulmonary occupational diseases]. PMID- 710789 TI - [Research of the damage caused by air pollutants to public health]. PMID- 710790 TI - [Laughter]. PMID- 710791 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of ascaridiasis of the choledochus by endoscopic cholangiography]. PMID- 710792 TI - [Pathology of noise. I. Introduction]. PMID- 710793 TI - [Experimental acoustic trauma]. PMID- 710794 TI - [Diseases caused by noise]. PMID- 710796 TI - [Pathology of noise. V. Conclussions]. PMID- 710795 TI - [Prevention of the effects of noise on human health]. PMID- 710797 TI - [Laterality. Its neurologic and sociocultural implications]. PMID- 710798 TI - [Preoperative echocardiographic diagnosis of myxoma of the left atrium]. PMID- 710799 TI - [Diagnosis of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 710800 TI - Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities of ascites tumor cells of rats, with reference to their role in metastasis formation. AB - Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities of rat ascites tumor cells avoiding any stromal elements were examined and the role of these activities in the blood borne metastasis was discussed. Ten lines of tumor cells showed varied thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities. Tumor cell lines examined were classified into four groups; (1) lines AH-130, AH-62, and AH-7974 with high thromboplastic and high fibrinolytic activities, (2) lines AH-130F(N), AH-66F, and AH-7974F with low thromboplastic and low fibrinolytic activities, (3) line SLC with high thromboplastic and low fibrinolytic activities, and (4) lines AH 109A, AH-41A, and AH-41C with moderate thromboplastic and low fibrinolytic activities. The cell lines AH-130 and AH-130F(N), as well as AH-7974 and AH 7974F, have the same origin and showed different enzymic activities. AH-130 caused more prominent thrombus formation in the pulmonary vessels of rats in the early stage of intravenous inoculation and induced more prominent decrease in the number of platelets and fibrinogen levels in peripheral blood than AH-130F(N). Also, AH-130 developed more abundant metastatic foci in the lung 72 hr and 7 days after intravenous inoculation than AH-130F(N). PMID- 710801 TI - Autoradiography and organ distribution of N-methyl-N-nitro-sobenzylamine in rats. AB - Donryu strain male rats were administered a large amount of N-methyl-N nitrosobenzylamine directly into the stomach through a tube. Ulcers were found to develop in the portion of the esophagus where esophageal carcinoma is known to develop. Autoradiography of the entire body of rats after an intravenous injection of N-methyl[U-3H]-N-nitrosobenzylamine showed specific incorporation of radioactivity in the esophagus. When N-methyl[U-3H]-N-nitrosobenzyl-amine was injected intravenously, incorporation of radioactivity in the esophagus was higher than in other parts of the alimentary canal, and remained at the same value even after 24 hr. Microautoradiography of rats injected with N-methyl[U-3H] N-nitrosobenzylamine through the tail vein showed that the silver grains were dominant in the mucous membrane than in the muscle layer in the esophagus. These results suggest that N-methyl-N-nitrosobenzylamine accumulated specifically in the esophagus, resulting in the production of carcinoma. PMID- 710802 TI - Comparative immunological studies on cryosurgery and surgical operation using Moloney murine sarcoma virus-induced primary tumors in BALB/c mice. AB - The effect of cryosurgery and surgical operation on Moloney murine sarcoma virus induced primary tumors in the treated and untreated groups of BALB/c mice was compared in terms of tumor growth, cumulative mortality, lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, proliferative response of lymphocytes, and humoral antibody formation. The results indicate that cryosurgical treatment showed both in vivo and in vitro effects; (i) tumor growth and cumulative mortality in mice treated by cryosurgery were significantly lower than those in untreated groups, and (ii) their cellular immune response was enhanced, as manifested by increase in a proliferative response and in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic activity against Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced lymphoma. The proliferative response of spleen cells and the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes were not parallel; the proliferative response detected by 3H-thymidine incoroporation manifested peak activity 3 days after cryosurgery, but the cytotoxic activity detected by 125I iododeoxyuridine-releasing tests was considerably decreased at this stage. Two weeks after cryosurgery and thereafter, however, the cytotoxic activity of this group increased to a level higher than that of untreated or surgically treated groups. On the contrary, surgical operation abrogated the proliferative response of spleen cells. Immunofluorescence tests revealed, however, that humoral antibody formation was higher in surgically operated groups than in other groups. PMID- 710803 TI - Preferential incorporation of some 14C-labeled D-amino acids into tumor-bearing animals. AB - In order to acquire a fundamental knowledge for the development of better tumor scanning agents, the in vivo incorporation pattern of three 14C-labeled D-amino acids, alanine, leucine, and tryptophan, into the tumor cells and organs of animals bearing Ehrlich mouse tumor, sarcoma-180, leukemia L-1210, or Yoshida sarcoma was investigated, and compared with that of the corresponding L-forms. The radioactivity of D-amino acids tested was most highly found in tumor cells and pancreas, and the activity in tumor cells was several times higher than that of L-forms. A large portion of the radioactivity of D-forms was found in trichloroacetic acid-soluble fraction of the cells, whereas that of L-forms was mostly in protein fraction, except L-alanine. Although the mechanisms whereby the radioactivity of D-amino acids was concentrated more than that of L-forms in the tumor cells have not yet been clearly elucidated, it was concluded that gamma emitter-labeled D-amino acids themselves or their derivatives might be useful as tumor-detecting radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 710804 TI - Antitumor activity of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride in a variety of experimental tumors. AB - A water-soluble nitrosourea, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU, NSC-245382), was tested for its antitumor activity against some kinds of transplantable mouse tumors. The compound was markedly active against myeloid leukemia C1498, plasmacytoma X5563, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and mammary tumor FM3A43, and moderately active against mammary tumor MM102 and meningeal sarcoma MS147. It appears that ACNU has a broad antitumor spectrum. PMID- 710805 TI - Mechanism of natural resistance of rat ascites hepatomas to 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine. AB - The biochemical basis for natural resistance to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was investigated in the intact cells of 4 rat ascites hepatomas, AH-66F, AH-60C, AH-109A, and AH-66, whose sensitivity to ara-C was different in that decreasing order. The initial rapid uptake of ara-C, mediated by the facilitated diffusion, was similar in all the cell lines tested but the subsequent slow uptake due to phosphorylation of ara-C was inversely correlated with their drug resistance. The capacity for drug phosphorylation was slightly higher in AH-66F and much lower in AH-60C, AH-109A, and AH-66 than in the host bone marrow. In contrast, mouse leukemia L-1210, one of the tumors sensitive to ara-C, phosphorylated the drug about 7 times faster than AH-66F and 4 times faster than the host bone marrow. More than 95% of phosphorylated ara-C was the triphosphate, the active form. Deamination of ara-C was not observed in any tumor or bone marrow. It is concluded that the low capacity for nucleotide formation is related to the natural resistance of rat ascites hepatomas to ara-C. PMID- 710806 TI - Effect of dose on the carcinogenic activity of orally administered N-bis(2 hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in rats. AB - The carcinogenic activity of orally administered N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN) in male Wistar rats was evaluated with respect to its dose. DHPN was administered at two doses, 100 ppm and 500 ppm, in the drinking water to rats for 25 to 52 weeks. Tumors developed in the lung, liver, and thyroid of rats receiving 100 ppm DHPN and in the lung, liver thyroid, esophagus, kidney, and urinary bladder of rats receiving 500 ppm DHPN. The principal target organ was the lung in rats receiving either 100 or 500 ppm DHPN, indicating that the carcinogenic action of these doses of DHPN was similar to that of higher doses previously reported. Histologically, the tumors were adenoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and combined carcinoma of the lung, hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangioma of the liver, adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the thyroid, squamous cell papilloma and carcinoma of the esophagus, renal cell and transitional carcinoma of the kidney, and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. No pancreatic tumors were observed. PMID- 710807 TI - Distribution of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in mice. AB - Distribution of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, a tryptophan metabolite suspected of being carcinogenic, was studied in mice. After sc injection of 3 hydroxyanthranilic acid generally labeled with tritium into male (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 mice, the distribution of tritium was investigated by whole-body autoradiography and radioactivity measurement. Then, metabolites in the organs and urine was analyzed by paper and thin-layer chromatography. At 30 and 60 min after injection, tritium was distributed mainly in the liver and kidneys, and after 6 hr, tritium remained in the lymphoid organs. However, at 30 min and 6 hr after injection, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and its metabolites that might be related to carcinogenic action could not be detected in the liver, kidneys, spleen, or lymph node. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid and its sulfate were detected only in urine. These results suggest that 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid is rapidly metabolized and does not accumulate per se in the specific organ. However, urinary organs can be exposed to this compound. PMID- 710808 TI - Frequency of anti-AG-4 antibody in patients with uterine cervical cancer and controls. AB - Association of herpesvirus type-2 (HSV-2) with cervical cancer was studied from seroepidemiological viewpoint, using early antigen induced in Hep-2 cells by HSV 2 4 hr after infection (AG-4). The AG-4 antibody was assayed by the microquantitative complement fixation method. Antibody to AG-4 was respectively detected in 47% and 14% of cervical cancer patients and controls (P less than 0.001). There was a tendency of the antibody prevalence to increase with clinical stage. There was no correlation between prevalence of AG-4 antibody and that of HSV-2 neutralizing antibody estimated by the kinetics of neutralization assay, confirming previous conclusions that AG-4 differs from viral antigens involved in neutralization. Although previous study could not confirm higher prevalence of neutralizing antibody to HSV-2 in cancer patients, the present data suggest that HSV-2 is not unrelated to cervical cancer. PMID- 710809 TI - Induction of renal and hepatic tumors in mice by ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin. PMID- 710810 TI - [Fibrosarcoma of the liver. Report of two cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 710811 TI - [Value of D-xylose and folic acid absorption tests in patients with small intestinal lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 710812 TI - [Intestinal absorption in Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 710813 TI - [Prognostic value of gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 710814 TI - [Studies on esterification of erucic acid by human and rat jejunal mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 710815 TI - [Experimental study of bismuth subnitrate effect on glycoconjugates biosynthesis in rat intestinal mucosa and brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 710816 TI - [Duodenopancreatectomy for papillomatosis of the common bile duct. Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 710818 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 710819 TI - [Presence of vitamin E in fecal lipid extracts]. PMID- 710817 TI - [What is the significance of a dose of glandular stimulant proportional to body weight?]. PMID- 710820 TI - [Cimetidine and humoral immunity]. PMID- 710821 TI - Bioassay of cholecystokinin in the duodenal mucosa. AB - Cholecystokinin (CCK)-like activities in the duodenal mucosa were measured by bioassay in patients with duodenal ulcer, cholelithiasis and some other gastrointestinal diseases as well as in healthy normal subjects. The mean CCK like activity of the duodenal mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer and cholelithiasis was 0.405 Ivy dog units per milligram and 0.376 Ivy dog units per milligram of dry weight of the duodenal mucosa (IDU/mg d.w.), respectively. Both these figures are significantly higher than 0.180 IDU/mg d.w. in normal subjects (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.005, respectively). It can be speculated that the CCK-level of the duodenal mucosa in patients with cholelithiasis may be regulated by a feedback mechanism and CCK in patients with duodenal ulcer may act physiologically for the cure of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 710822 TI - Evaluation of fibergastroscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of gastric cancer: a study of 339 cases. AB - Three hundred and sixty-five biopsies under direct vision, using a fibergastroscope, were performed on 339 patients with gastric cancer from 1966 to 1975. Diagnostic accuracy improved with an increased in the number of biopsy specimens and reached 100% when 6 or more biopsy specimens were obtained. Positive specimens were obtained with 48.5% of the biopsied tissue from the center of the lesion (A), 52.2% from the inner margin of the lesion (B1), 19.6% from the outer margin of the lesion (B2), and 1.6% from the area around the lesion (C). The combined result of the biopsies from A and B1 was highly positive in 49 out of 51 cases (96.1%). Diagnostic accuracy of the early cancer reached 96.9%. This was significantly higher than that of advanced cancer (80.3%). False negative biopsies were found in 51 (16.3%) of the 313 patients who were gastrectomized and diagnosed by histological examinations. Twenty-three of the 27 patients, who were diagnosed as benign either by x-ray or endoscopic examination, and 4 of the 5 patients who were diagnosed as benign under both examinations, were found to have positive results by biopsy. Positive biopsy examination was particularly helpful with patients showing on inconclusive or benign diagnosis by x-ray and/or endoscopic examinations. PMID- 710823 TI - Clinicopathological study of gastric leiomyogenic tumors. AB - 1. Seventy cases of the leiomyogenic tumors were found in 5451 resected stomachs; 49 leiomyoma, 17 leiomyosarcoma and 4 leiomyoblastoma. These leiomyogenic tumors occupied 40.5% of 173 submucosal tumors of the stomach. 2. The average age was 51.7 in leiomyoma, 57.3 in leiomyosarcoma and 41.6 in leiomyoblastoma with male predominance. 3. The leiomyoma and leimyosarcoma were frequently found in the upper 2/3 of the stomach. 4. The size of the tumors was within 3 cm in diameter in about 80% of leiomyoma with ulcer formation of 10.2% and over 3 cm in about 88% of leiomyosarcoma with ulcer formation of 64.7%. 5. The classification of the leiomyogenic tumors into the benign and malignant was occationally difficult. For the diagnosis of the leiomyosarcoma, the number of mitosis, irregularity of nucleus, increase of cellularity and decrease of smooth muscle production were helpful. PMID- 710824 TI - Recurrent common duct stones, with special reference to primary common duct stones. AB - A series of 1,358 cholelithic patients operated on at 32 affiliated hospitals during the last year and 492 patients operated on at authors' hospital during the last 21 years were reviewed with special reference to the cases of recurrent common duct stones. Of the former series 15 patients and of the latter series 12 patients respectively were reoperated on for recurrent, but not for residual, common duct stones, and all of them had in the markedly dilated common duct bilirubin stones showing characteristics of stasis stone-primary in common duct. Two representative cases are presented briefly. Congenital hypotonia of the common duct and inflammatory choledochitis are condemned and bilioenterostomy is recommended for preventing stone recurrences. PMID- 710825 TI - A case of Menetrier's disease associated with protein-losing gastropathy and abnormal serum complement profile. AB - A 44-year-old man with Menetrier's disease associated with protein-losing gastropathy and with abnormal serum complement profile is reported. He was treated by an antifibrinolytic compound tranexamic acid (trans-AMCHA) since he was found to have elevated fibrinolytic activity in the biopsied gastric mucosa. The therapy brought his serum protein from 3.8 g/dl to 5.6g/dl, however could not reduce his mucosal disorder. Substitution of a placebo for trans-AMCHA resulted in marked depression of his serum protein to 3.7 g/dl. It was concluded that trans-AMCHA was effective in raising his serum protein to a certain extent but failed to block the vicious circle of "mucosal disorder", "increased tissue fibrinolysis" and "hypoproteinemia" (Kondo, M. et al. Gastroenterology 70, 1045, 1976). Abnormal serum complement profile seen in this patient was found to be due to cold activation of the classical complement pathway (Kondo, M. et al. J. Immunol. 117, 486, 1976). Although no correlation between the phenomenon and Menetrier's disease has been clarified yet, the appearance of wheezing as in asthma when exposed to cold suggested that cold activation of complement occurred in vivo and resulted in increasing of the vascular permeability in the lungs. PMID- 710826 TI - Plasma alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine ratio: nonspecificity as a marker for alcoholism. AB - Recent studies suggest that the ratio of plasma alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine is increased specifically by chronic heavy alcohol consumption. To test this hypothesis, we determined this ratio in normal controls and (1) currently drinking chronic heavy alcoholics; (2) currently abstaining chronic alcoholics; (3) patients with nonalcoholic liver disease; (4) chronically alcohol-fed rats and mice; (5) mice infected with murine hepatitis virus; and (6) mice exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Mean ratios in control persons, drinking alcoholics, abstaining alcoholics, and nonalcoholic liver disease patients were not statistically different. Of 5 drinking alcoholics followed serially from the beginning of abstinence, 1 had an elevated ratio on admission and a persistently elevated ratio even 2 weeks later; another had a ratio more elevated after 2 weeks of abstinence, than on admission; and 3 had ratios in the normal elevated after 2 weeks of abstinence than on admission; and 3 had ratios in the normal range. Compared to control rats, chronically alcohol-fed rats had a significantly elevated mean ratio after 1 month and an even higher ratio after 2 months (P less than 0.001). In control, alcohol-fed and carbon tetrachloride-treated mice, alpha amino-n-butyric acid was undetectable, but in two sets of mice with severe murine hepatitis virus infection, elevated ratios were found. We conclude that because the ratio of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine is not necessarily elevated in chronic heavy alcoholics but can be elevated in acute experimental liver cell injury, it does not appear to be a specific marker for the detection of alcoholism. PMID- 710827 TI - Drug metabolism in liver disease. Identification of patients with impaired hepatic drug metabolism. AB - Antipyrine half-life (AP t1/2) was measured in 62 patients with, and 10 control patients without, liver disease to ascertain possible factors which may be useful in identifying patients with abnormal drug metabolism. Antipyrine metabolism was normal or marginally impaired in patients with compensated cirrhosis or acute hepatitis, whereas it was frequently abnormal in those with chronic active hepatitis or advanced alcoholic liver disease. A high degree of correlation was found among AP t1/2 and prothrombin time, hepatic encephalopathy, and ascites. Of patients with severely impaired drug metabolism, 80% had one or more of these features. The severity of histological changes in liver biopsies was of additional help in predicting impaired drug metabolism. Concurrent drug ingestion enhanced antipyrine metabolism in most patients with liver disease as well as in control patients. Inadequate diet was associated with prolongation of AP t1/2, but other environmental factors such as alcohol ingestion, cigarette smoking, and coffee consumption did not affect rates of drug metabolism in patients with liver disease. Consideration of all of the above factors allows qualitative predictions of the rate of hepatic drug metabolism in patients with liver disease, as assessed by the AP t1/2. PMID- 710828 TI - Radioimmunoassay of plasma ligandin: a sensitive index of experimental hepatocellular necrosis. AB - The development of sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for ligandin, a protein present in abundance in the hepatic cytoplasm, has permitted measurement of ligandin in rat plasma. Plasma ligandin levels were estimated in normal, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated, and bile duct-ligated rats, with parallel estimation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Plasma ligandin levels rose at a greater rate and to higher levels than did SGOT in CCl4-treated rats and showed a more linear increment to increasing doses of CCl4. A marked depletion of hepatic, but not renal ligandin, was associated with CCl4 poisoning. Twelve hours after acute bile duct ligation, both plasma ligandin and SGOT were moderately elevated, plasma ligandin returning to normal by 24 hr, at which time SGOT was still raised. The findings of this study indicate that plasma ligandin is a sensitive index of experimental hepatocellular necrosis. PMID- 710829 TI - Bilary lipids and bile acid pool size after vagotomy in man. Evidence against a predisposition to gallstones. AB - Eight male subjects who had previously undergone vagotomy and pyloroplasty were found to have significantly larger bile acid pools than did a group of matched control subjects. Associated with these expanded pools was a significantly lower molar per cent cholesterol of gallbladder bile in the vagotomy group. These findings are the opposite of those expected in a group predisposed to cholesterol cholelithiasis, suggesting that vagotomy, at least in males, does not predispose to cholesterol gallstones. If such stones form after vagotomy, they presumably do so by a mechanism not presently appreciated. PMID- 710830 TI - Some parameters of large bowel motility in normal man. AB - This study presents normal values of bowel habits, colonic transit times of radioopaque markers, and anorectal pressure obtained from 114 normal subjects. Their stool frequency ranged from 3 to 11 per 7 days, whereas their diet contained an average of 14.4 g of crude fibers. Radioopaque markers progressed regularly along the large bowel and a range of transit times was established for its different segments. Manometric studies included measurements of anal pressure at rest, amplitude and duration of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, anal inflation reflex, and amplitude of rectal contraction in response to rectal distension. Normal ranges were established. Amplitude, duration and magnitude (as measured by planimetry) of anal relaxation elicited by rectal distensions were related to rectal distending volume (P less than 0.001). The incidence of spontaneous variations of anal pressure at rest and of overshoot of pressure after the inhibitory reflex was also established. These data obtained on normal subjects may be compared to those obtained in patients with constipation in order to define the symptoms and to understand pathophysiological mechanisms. This has been done in a companion study. PMID- 710831 TI - Barium enema in chronic constipation: is it meaningful? AB - Seventeen pairs of pre- and postoperative barium enemas performed under fixed conditions (same preparation, filling technique, and radiographic factors) were selected from the records of a group of 62 chronically constipated patients who had undergone anorectal myectomy. Measurements at different levels of the large bowel and over-all subjective diagnosis were compared to those made in group of 26 controls. The barium enema did not aid in the diagnosis of constipation or its evolution after surgery. PMID- 710832 TI - Mechanisms of idiopathic constipation: outlet obstruction. AB - Anorectal myectomy was performed in 62 patients suffering from symptoms attributed to ineffective colonic motility. Indications for surgery rested on the presence of one or more of the following three criteria: abnormally reduced stool frequency, prolonged transit of radioopaque markers, and abnormal anorectal manometry. One year after myectomy in the 50 patients with less than three stools per week the average number of stools per week increased from 1.2 to 4.2 (P less than 0.001). The remaining 12 patients, who had more than three stools per week, were completely relieved of their symptoms. In all cases with improved symptoms, myectomy acclerated the transit of radioopaque markers through the large bowel. Organic constipation amenable to surgical treatment is more frequent than previously thought. Idiopathic constipation may result from colonic inertia or outlet (anorectal) obstruction. PMID- 710833 TI - Predisposition to gastric erosions in the rat: behavioral and nutritional effects of early maternal separation. AB - After early maternal deprivation (on postnatal day 15), the incidence of restraint-induced gastric erosions on day 30 increases to approximately 5 times that of rats separated at the customary (day 21) weaning age. These data suggest that factors in the mother-infant relationship during postnatal development in young rats can influence later susceptibility or resistance to gastric erosions. We present a series of experiments to test whether loss of behavioral interaction with the mother or loss of maternal milk results in this increase in gastric erosion susceptibility. The results show that the absence of maternal milk, rather than behavioral deprivation, is primarily responsible for the increase in susceptibility after early maternal separation. However, behavioral interaction with the mother can additionally modify this susceptibility. PMID- 710834 TI - Effects of compounds chemically related to salicylate on isolated antral mucosa of rabbits. AB - This study examines some of the gastric mucosal effects of compounds structurally related to salicylate (which consists of a hydroxyl and a carboxyl group attached to a benzene ring) in order to determine the importance of the various ligands of the salicylate molecule. The presence of carboxyl group increases mucosal permeability to acid. This increase in cation flow initially is associated with a decrease in anion permeability. These ion selective effects subsequently give way to a nonspecific increase in permeability. The presence of a carboxyl group also is associated with a more than 80% decrease in short circuit current. A similar decrease in short circuit current occurs when the mucosa is exposed to a pyridine molecule with an attached carboxyl group (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), but in a relatively low concentration, this agent also decreases the back diffusion of acid. The above noted changes in mucosal permeability and short circuit current do not appear to be attributable to the benzene or phenolic ligands of the salicylate molecule. It is concluded that the presence of a sufficient concentration of an exposed carboxyl group on the mucosal side of the tissue causes an increase in the permeability of the mucosa to acid. The presence of a carboxyl group also appears to alter active ion transport, but this effect cannot be attributed to enhanced diffusion of acid into the tissue. The data implicate the carboxyl group of salicylate as being key to its damaging effects on the stomach. PMID- 710835 TI - Effect of propranolol on ricinoleic acid- and deoxycholic acid-induced changes of intestinal electrolyte movement and mucosal permeability. Evidence against the importance of altered permeability in the production of fluid and electrolyte accumulation. AB - Hydroxy fatty acids and bile acids produce both intestinal fluid and electrolyte accumulation and increases in inulin clearance, a parameter of mucosal permeability. The relationship of the changes in mucosal permeability to the production of fluid and electrolyte accumulation is uncertain. These experiments were designed to determine whether the alterations of mucosal permeability produced by ricinoleic acid and deoxycholic acid were related to production of hydroxy fatty acid- and bile acid-induced fluid and electrolyte accumulation in the rat colon. Propranolol (1 mg per 100 g of body weight) administered daily for 3 days inhibited ricinoleic acid- and deoxycholic acid-induced Na and water accumulation. In contrast, propranolol did not affect either the increase in inulin clearance or the decrease in electrical potential difference produced by ricinoleic acid and deoxycholic acid. Further, amphotericin B increased inulin clearance by the colon and also increased water and Na absorption. These studies suggest that changes in mucosal permeability are not primarily responsible for hydroxy fatty acid- and bile acid-induced fluid and Na accumulation. PMID- 710836 TI - Cell proliferation in esophageal columnar epithelium (Barrett's esophagus). AB - In order to correlate histopathology and cell turnover in esophageal tissue in patients with esophageal columnar epithelium, biopsy specimens from 11 patients were studied. Two of the patients had adenocarcinoma of the esophagus not present in the specimens studied. In the heterogeneous esophageal columnar epithelium, the DNA synthesis phase averaged 10.4 +/- 0.3 hr; labeling index of cells in the crypt-like structures was 23.3 +/- 0.3%; generation time was 44.6 +/- 1.2 hr, and the mitotic index was 1.82 +/- 0.07%. Significant differences were not present among specimens with columnar epithelium but they differed from cell proliferation in adjacent squamous epithelium where S phase was similar but labeling and mitotic indexes were lower and generation time increased to 105 +/- 6 hr. In the 2 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, and in 1 of 9 without adenocarcinoma, labeling of surface columnar cells after brief exposure to [3H]thymidine was present suggests that this may be a manifestation of early malignant change. PMID- 710837 TI - Iron transport by isolated rat intestinal mucosal cells. AB - In vitro uptake of radioiron by suspensions of isolated rat duodenal mucosal cells has been examined. The cells bind iron avidly, with uptakes of 15 to 20% after 20 min of incubation. Uptake is dependent upon temperature, pH, and iron and cell concentration. It is unaffected by inhibitors of cellular respiration but is blocked in a concentration-dependent fashion by iron-chelating agents. Iron-deficient cells take up iron at the same rate as normal cells. Binding by brush borders appears to account for 50 to 60% of the total uptake by isolated cells. In vitro radioiron uptake by isolated cells occurs by passive diffusion, is not regulated by the animal's iron status, and is primarily a function of bioavailability of iron in the incubating medium. If the model reflects the behavior of cells in vivo, the initial uptake of iron by the mucosa is a passive process which may serve to concentrate dilute luminal iron at the mucosal surface in preparation for absorption. PMID- 710838 TI - Definitive diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Use of an in vitro organ culture model. AB - The flat mucosal lesion of the small intestine is not pathognomonic of gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE). Frequently, the definitive diagnosis of this condition can only be established after three intestinal biopsies are performed: an initial one to show a flat mucosal lesion, one after a gluten-free diet to show morphological recovery, and one after a gluten challenge to show morphological deterioration. We used an organ culture model of GSE to determine the usefulness of this technique in establishing a diagnosis of GSE on the basis of the initial biopsy. Seventy-five patients with diarrhea, and/or malabsorption were evaluated prospectively; 40 had a flat mucosal lesion of variable degree; of these 26 were ultimately determined to have gluten-sensitive enteropathy by the above criteria. A rise in alkaline phosphatase activity of intestinal tissue from 22 of these 26 patients was inhibited when the tissue was cultured in gluten containing medium as compared to enzyme activities of cultures in a gluten-free medium (108 +/- 69 versus 206 +/- 96, mean +/- SD, P less than 0.001). Mean enzyme values in the similarly cultured intestinal tissue from 13 of 14 patients ultimately shown not to have GSE were not affected by gluten (224 +/- 94 versus 201 +/- 109, P greater than 0.4). Examination of the data by stepwise discriminant analysis provided a function which correctly classified 35 of the 40 patients (88%). The false-positive and false-negative rate for establishing the diagnosis of GSE was 7% (1 of 14) and 15% (4 of 26), respectively. All patients with normal biopsies were classified correctly. The model can be used to establish prospectively the definitive diagnosis of GSE, obviate the need for additional diagnostic biopsies, and allow for the prompt pursuit of alternative diagnoses when gluten sensitivity is not shown. PMID- 710839 TI - Rectal mucosa in cystic fibrosis. Morphological features before and after short term organ culture. AB - Histological changes observed in the large intestinal mucosa of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, including crypt enlargement as well as intracellular and extracellular accumulation of mucus, have been considered by some to be useful diagnostic signs of this disease. The extent of these changes, however, has not been evaluated quantitatively. In this study, quantitative stereological methods were applied to biopsies of rectal mucosa from 5 CF patients, 5 sibling controls, and 2 normal adults, to measure goblet cell numbers, crypt luminal volume, and volume of intracellular mucus. It was found that CF crypt lumina were variably dilated, but that the average relative volume of intracellular mucus and the numbers of goblet cells in CF mucosae were comparable to those of sibling and adult controls. In CF biopsies, however, surface columnar absorptive cells consistently contained putative lipid droplets and rapidly accumulated additional large lipid droplets during short term organ culture. Lipid droplets were not observed in the same cell types of control biopsies before or after short term organ culture. PMID- 710842 TI - Ratio of plasma alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine in alcoholism. PMID- 710841 TI - Jejunal biopsy with the Watson capsule and perforation in the elderly. AB - Details of jejunal biopsies using the Watson small intestinal biopsy capsule done from 1966 through 1976 at three centers in Liverpool were obtained. The only complications were jejunal perforation which occurred in 2 patients over 65 years of age, 1 of whom died. This increased risk in elderly does not appear to have been previously recognized and both cases are reported. Diagnostic yield in the age group over 65 is discussed. Stricter criteria in selection of these patients for biopsy are suggested. A period of in-patient observation after biopsy in those over the age of 65 may decrease the risks of perforation. In addition, the use of a pediatric capsule, ideally with controlled suction, may lessen the risk further. The use of duodenal biopsy via an endoscope may prove to be a useful additional technique in elderly patients. PMID- 710843 TI - Motions without emotions. PMID- 710840 TI - Small intestinal epithelial renewal in the Syrian hamster exposed to cholera enterotoxin. AB - Epithelial renewal of the small intestine was measured in the Syrian hamster utilizing tritiated thymidine by standard autoradiographic and a scintillation counting technique. Scintillation counting of intestinal replicates proved to be as accurate as standard autoradiography. Average mucosal cell turnover was 71 +/- 3.0 hr in jejunum and 79 +/- 4.2 hr in ileum. Scintillation counting was utilized to study the effect of a maximum cholera enterotoxic secretory stimulus on small intestinal mucosal cell turnover. No significant change in epithelial cell migration occurred during cholera enterotoxin (CT)-induced fluid and electrolyte secretion. The rate of decline in radioactivity as a measure of cell turnover in CT-exposed animals was no different from controls. Epithelial cell proliferation 1 to 42 hr after CT exposure showed no difference from controls. Intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion persisted for 24 hr after CT exposure. It is concluded that (1) the small intestinal epithelial cell migration was unaltered by this metabolic secretory stimulus, and (2) the data are consistent with the concept that epithelial migration after CT exposure was one factor, although not necessarily the major determinant of the progressive decline in intestinal secretory activity. PMID- 710844 TI - Missing pieces in the puzzle of Crohn's disease. PMID- 710845 TI - Pseudomonas-like group Va bacteria in Crohn's disease. PMID- 710846 TI - Endotoxins in liver disease. PMID- 710847 TI - Lipase, colipase, amphipathic dietary proteins, and bile acids. PMID- 710848 TI - Countercurrent controversy. PMID- 710849 TI - Tryptophan and hepatic coma. PMID- 710850 TI - Cimetidine and gastric pH. PMID- 710851 TI - Comparison of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and serum anticore with tissue HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). PMID- 710852 TI - Conversion of arginine to proline in murine schistosomiasis. PMID- 710854 TI - Plasma amino acid profiles in patients with fulminant hepatic failure treated by repeated polyacrylonitrile membrane hemodialysis. PMID- 710853 TI - Sex differences in hepatic sulfation of taurolithocholate in the rat. AB - Metabolism of the bile salts by formation of sulfate esters is catalyzed by bile salt sulfotransferase, an enzyme isolated from rat liver and kidney. The activity of bile salt sulfotransferase was measured in liver and kidney of male and female rats and in oophorectomized rats with or without estrogen replacement. In vitro sulfotransferase activity was correlated with in vivo sulfation by measuring the percentage of an infused dose (0.03 micron per 100 g per min) of taurolithocholate, which was excreted in bile as the sulfate. The activity of sulfotransferase in liver was higher in females (26.3 +/- 3.0 pmoles per mg of protein per min) than in males (9.6 +/- 3.9) and was lower (12.1 +/- 3.8) after oophorectomy. The decrease in activity was prevented by replacement of estrogen. Renal sulfotransferase activity did not differ between the sexes and was unaffected by oophorectomy. Hepatic sulfotransferase activity measured in vitro correlated with in vivo sulfation of taurolithocholate. This study shows definite sex differences in hepatic bile salt sulfotransferase activity, which in females is affected by the presence of estrogen. The correlation between in vitro sulfotransferase activity and in vivo bile salt sulfation suggests that bile salt sulfotransferase is responsible for bile salt sulfation in vivo. PMID- 710855 TI - Decarboxylation to tyramine: an important route of tyrosine metabolism in dogs with experimental hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Tyrosine metabolism via decarboxylation to tyramine was evaluated in dogs with functional end-to-side portacaval shunt. It was found that the endogenous plasma levels of both tyrosine and tyramine increased steadily after the construction of the shunt. These elevations became more pronounced when the dogs manifested symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. In encephalopathic dogs, average endogenous plasma tyrosine and tyramine concentrations were 110.1 mumoles per liter and 7.6 ng per ml as compared to 55.4 and 1.2 in control dogs, respectively. The pattern of plasma concentrations of tyrosine and tyramine after an oral dose of L tyrosine (50 mg per kg) was also investigated in control and shunted dogs. There was a progressive rise in peak levels of tyramine (to about 50-fold increase, at 6 weeks) after the construction of the shunt, as compared to levels obtained in pre- and at 1 and 4 weeks postoperatively (70.6 versus 1.20, 3.9, and 8.11 ng per ml). Similar observations were made with levels of plasma tyrosine. Six weeks after portacaval shunt, mean peak levels of plasma tyrosine, achieved at 5 hr after dose administration, were 450 as compared to 85 mumoles per liter obtained in preshunted dogs. These studies demonstrated a correlation between abnormalities in tyrosine metabolism and postshunt hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 710856 TI - Significance of microscopic cholangitis in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Marked biochemical cholestasis mimicking extrahepatic obstruction may occur in alcoholic liver disease. Twenty-three consecutive hyperbilirubinemic alcoholics who underwent liver biopsy were studied. Comparison of the clinical, laboratory, and histological features was made between patients with no or rare intraductal polymorphonuclear leukocytes, group A (19 cases), and those with polymorphonuclear leukocytes in multiple bile ducts ("microscopic cholangitis"), group B (4 cases). Extrahepatic biliary obstruction was excluded in group B by cholangiography. Group B had significantly higher serum SGOT, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol than group A. All group B patients had periductal acute inflammation and severe panlobular cholestasis. However, there was no significant histological difference comparing group A patients with alkaline phosphatase greater than 300 mIU per ml and group B patients, except for the presence of intraductal polymorphonuclear inflammation. Therefore, we conclude that microscopic cholangitis is a feature of severe cholestasis which may accompany alcoholic liver injury. PMID- 710858 TI - Survival in peptic ulcer. AB - The present study of the prognosis in peptic ulcer comprises (1) an analysis of deaths caused by the disease itself, and (2) an independent actuarial analysis of life expectancy. The computations are based on 235 deaths that occurred among 1905 patients with peptic ulcer who constituted a random sample of the occurrence of ulcer disease in an area of Denmark comprising half a million inhabitants. The two methods of analysis both showed that peptic ulcer does influence the survival, but the excess of deaths was small and, in the case of solitary peptic ulcer, was present only in the first year or two after the diagnosis. The prognosis tended to be more serious in gastric ulcer than in duodenal ulcer, but the difference was not significant. In duodenal ulcer the survival tended to be better when only a deformed bulb was present. The life expectancy was not significantly different for men and women. Patients with combined gastric and duodenal ulcers had a fatality twice as great as those with solitary ulcers. No excess of deaths was found in patients under the age of 50 years at diagnosis. The duration of prediagnostic symptoms was not predictive for the prognosis. PMID- 710857 TI - Experimental evidence for vasoactive intestinal peptide as the cause of the watery diarrhea syndrome. AB - We have infused pure porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) into 8 healthy ambulant unsedated pigs. At plasma VIP levels closely comparable to those found in the human Verner-Morrison syndrome, gross watery diarrhea and hypokalemia were produced. When the VIP infusion was discontinued the water diarrhea ceased abruptly. This study therefore provides some evidence to implicate VIP as a possible causal agent in the pathogenesis of the human watery diarrhea syndrome. PMID- 710860 TI - Binding of secretin to plastic surfaces. AB - Five carboxyl-terminal fragments of secretin ranging in size from 6 to 21 amino acid residues were tested for pancreatic secretory activity in the rat. None of the fragments displayed activity when given alone but each displayed significant activity when given after secretin. This apparent activity was shown to be the result of displacement of secretin bound to the walls of the injection catheter. The activity was abolished by dissolving secretin in 2% bovine serum albumin. The finding emphasizes the ease with which secretin can bind to plastic surfaces and consequently the need to reevaluate previous dose-response studies and the caution required in the design of future studies. PMID- 710859 TI - Alterations in cell surface membrane components of adapting rat small intestinal epithelium. Studies with lectins after massive proximal jejunoileal resection and jejunoileal transposition. AB - After proximal resection or transposition of intestinal segments, the small intestinal mucosa of rats was examined with fluorescein-conjugated lectins derived from Ricinus communis and Triticum vulgare (wheat germ). These agglutinins are thought to be specific for the nonreducing end-terminal carbohydrate residues, beta-D-galactose and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, respectively. After 70% proximal jejunoilealal resection as well as transposition of ileal segments to jejunum, ileal villus cell surface labeling by both lectins was changed to a pattern characteristic of normal rat proximal intestine. Alterations were not detected proximal to the surgical anastomosis after massive resection or in the jejunal segments transposed to ileum. Although the labeling pattern of goblet cell mucin differed in proximal duodenum from the remainder of control small intestine in normal animals, no differences were detected in goblet cell mucin labeling between normal and resected or transposed animals. This study confirms the previously reported differential lectin-labeling patterns of the small intestinal crypt and villus cells and further emphasizes the differences between cell surface carbohydrate and secretory mucins of goblet cells. Furthermore, the changes induced in the cell surface-labeling pattern by massive proximal jejunoileal resection and transposition suggest that cell surface and secretory components may be altered differently during adaptation of the small intestine. PMID- 710861 TI - Profiles of pure pancreatic secretions obtained by direct pancreatic duct cannulation in normal healthy human subjects. PMID- 710862 TI - Profiles of pure pancreatic secretions in patients with acute pancreatitis: the possible role of proteolytic enzymes in pathogenesis. AB - Studies have been performed on pure pancreatic juice obtained by direct cannulation of the pancreatic duct in 2 patients with acute pancreatitis. The striking abnormalities observed, which were in marked contrast to our observations in 15 normal subjects, were high concentrations of protein throughout the period of secretin stimulation and the sporadic appearance of free proteolytic activity in many 1-min specimens throughout the collection period. In 1 subject repeat studies were performed after resolution of the pancreatitis when the profile observed was normal. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that obstruction of ductules and intraductal activation of zymogens may be important in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 710863 TI - Effect of acute hypercalcemia on human esophageal motility. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of acute moderate hypercalcemia on both smooth and skeletal muscle function of the human esophagus, 12 subjects were given intravenous calcium chloride in normal saline. Serum calcium increased from a basal value of 9.6 +/- 0.1 mg per dl (mean +/- 1 SEM) to 11.4 +/- 0.2 mg per dl at 90 min after initiation of calcium infusion (P less than 0.01). Both amplitude and Dp/Dt of esophageal contractions decreased significantly in the skeletal muscle segment; however, amplitude and Dp/Dt increased significantly in the smooth muscle segment. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure remained unchanged. Duration of contractions and peristaltic wave speed were unaltered. Possible explanations for the divergent effect of hypercalcemia on the two types of esophageal muscle are discussed. PMID- 710864 TI - "Sucrose gap" technique for measurement of focal gastric mucosal potential differences in the rat. AB - Bile salts, mechanical trauma, and ischemia were used to produce focal alterations in rat gastric mucosa in a chamber preparation. Gastric mucosal to serosal potential difference (PD) was measured from both treated and untreated areas using electrodes in contact with the mucosal surface. The sensitivity of the measurements was increased if a nonconducting solution (isotonic sucrose) was used to isolate electrically the control from the experimental sites. This "sucrose gap" technique thus allows the identification of focal areas of gastric mucosa with an altered PD. In addition, this technique was used to measure the PD of the forestomach, fundus, and antrum of the rat, and to demonstrate that atropine and pentagastrin influence the PD only in the fundus. PMID- 710865 TI - Rapid fall of serum phosphorus secondary to antacid therapy. AB - Two patients with marked hypophosphatemia secondary to antacid therapy are described, 1 asymptomatic and the other symptomatic. In contrast to previous reports, these 2 patients were on aluminum hydroxide-containing antacids for relatively short periods of time before the hypophosphatemia occurred. Hypophosphatemia developed after only moderate doses of antacid in the symptomatic patient who was on a low phosphorus diet. An adequate intake of dietary phosphorus or phosphorus-containing antacids may be necessary to avoid a low serum phosphorus in patients taking aluminum hydroxide antacids even when the duration of therapy is as short as 2 weeks and the dose of antacids is not large. PMID- 710866 TI - Giant pseudopolyposis in colitis with colonic intussusception. AB - When an area of giant pseudopolyp formation resulted in intussusception in a patient with known ulcerative colitis, operative intervention was required. The double contrast barium enema and fiberoptic colonoscopy were valuable complimentary diagnostic techniques in the evaluation of such a patient. PMID- 710867 TI - Diffuse ischemic colitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus--response to subtotal colectomy. AB - A 26-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus developed massive rectal bleeding that failed to respond to medical treatment. X-rays and proctoscopy indicated that she had universal colitis. She underwent emergency subtotal colectomy because of a rapidly declining clinical course. The small intestine appeared normal. Pathological examination demonstrated a gangrenous large intestine, ischemic ulcerations, and extensive fibrinoid vasculitis that was typical of systemic lupus. The patient has had no further gastrointestinal complaints for 2 years since surgery. PMID- 710868 TI - Reversibility of hepatitis B virus-induced glomerulonephritis and chronic active hepatitis after spontaneous clearance of serum hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - A patient presenting with nephrotic syndrome was found to have hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic active hepatitis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Glomeruli stained positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, IgG, and C1q. After spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen both the glomerulonephritis and the chronic active hepatitis improved. The natural history, pathogenesis, and treatment of this disease complex are discussed. PMID- 710869 TI - Hepatitis B virus infection: more than meets the eye. PMID- 710870 TI - Smoking and ulcer. PMID- 710871 TI - Tissue iron distribution in primary hemochromatosis. PMID- 710872 TI - First report of familial pseudoobstruction. PMID- 710873 TI - Cytoprotective effect of prostaglandins. PMID- 710874 TI - Control of pancreatic exocrine secretion. PMID- 710875 TI - [The value of roentgenography in the lateral projection for the conduct of breech delivery (author's transl)]. AB - Breech delivery is still attended by considerably higher perinatal mortality and morbidity than is the normal presentation. Additional diagnostic methods are, therefore, needed for the safe conduct of breech deliveries. Roentgenograms in the lateral projection are a simple, but too rarely used, means that, in conjunction with the clinical findings, will provide essential information regarding the obstetric technique to be adopted. The objections to "X-ray diagnosis during pregnancy" are totally unfounded it Guthmann's single exposure technique is used. A retrospective analysis of 221 roentgenograms of breech presentation was correlated with the course of delivery. The results were highly informative in respect of both the pelvic abnormality and, especially, the therapeutic consequences. The X-ray evidence made it possible to reduce perinatal mortality (uncorrected) to 1.8 percent (generally stated to be 10--15 percent) and corrected mortality to nil. PMID- 710876 TI - [The problem of enterocele (author's transl)]. AB - During the past nine years 70 enteroceles were observed. There were 27 primary and 43 secondary enteroceles. Etiologic factors were multiparity, advanced age, general lack of elasticity, obestiy, constipation and increased intra-abdominal pressure. The pathogenesis of primary enteroceles was usually to do a genital prolapse, tissue atrophy, a distended pouch of Douglas due to a tumour. The pathogenesis of secondary enterocele following previous uterine surgery was that at times the pre-existent enterocele had not been observed and the space between the uterosacral ligament and the rectum not been closed, or the patients had vaginal hysterectomies and anterior and posterior colporrhaphies, or the patients had previous uterine suspensions or abdominal hysterectomies. The interval between uterine surgery and enterocele was a mean 1.5 years for vaginal hysterectomies and a mean 15 years for the other operations. Different operative procedures for enterocele are discussed. In 90% of the cases the enteroceles were repaired vaginally by the method of Shaw O'Sullivan. PMID- 710877 TI - [Tubal sterility and surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 710878 TI - [Descending salpingitis following ruptured appendicitis (author's transl)]. AB - The retrospective study of ovarian abscesses alerted us to the possibility of a descending salpingitis. The salpingitis arises from the pelvic periteneum following perforation of abscesses. Usually the fimbriated end remains open despite the inflammation. The pelvic peritonitis starts with ovarian abscesses, periappendiceal abscesses or complications of inflammatory intestinal diseases. PMID- 710879 TI - [Comments on the diagnosis of tubal pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - 51 women with suspected tubal pregnancy were admitted to our hospital during the past two years. Tubal pregnancy was present in 31 women. Diagnosis is rarely accurate with the conventional examination methods. The "LH/HCG" test was positive in all of our patients. Hence it appears resonable, whenever tubal pregnancy is suspected, to combine several noninvasive examination methods, special preference being given to the LH/HCG test. PMID- 710880 TI - [Comparison between intra and para cervical anaesthesia in therapeutic abortion (author's transl)]. AB - Therapeutic abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy was carried out as an out-patient procedure under local anaesthesia in 40 women. The intracervical injection of 1% mepivacaine resulted in satisfactory freedom from pain just as the paracervical injection. There was no dignificant difference in the intensity of pain in intracervical and paracervical local anaesthesia. The dilatation of the cervical canal was the determining factor for pain during the procedure. The intracervical and the paracervical local block are equally suitable for out patient therapeutic abortion in our series. PMID- 710881 TI - [Ultra sonography for the localization of intra-uterine contraceptive devices (i.u.d.'s) (author's transl)]. AB - The localization of uterine devices by ultra-sound techniques was investigated. Seven different types of intra-uterine contraceptive devices were checked under immersion in water and in the uterus of 585 wearers of I.U.D.'s. The quality of the ultra-sound pictures is mostly determined by the type of intra-uterine device. Under optimal conditions the investigated types of I.U.D.'s produced standard ultra-sound pictures which permitted their identification. The evaluation of the localization of the intra-uterine contraceptive devices in the uterus was reasonably accurate. At first the classification of normal localization, lower segment localization and cervical localization was used, and this was later enlarged by the measurement of the distance between the uterine fundus and the end of the device closest to the fundus. It was possible to estimate the contraceptive efficiency with these measurements. In 486 cases (83%) the intra-uterine device was found in normal position. In 24 (4.1%) of the cases removal and repeat insertion of the device was suggested. In 18 (3.1%) cases the device was not localized despite normal intra-uterine localization. PMID- 710882 TI - [Conisation during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The paper reviews 15 cases undergoing conisation during pregnancy. In 2 conisation was immediately followed by radical operation for invasive squamous carcinoma. 11 patients had pre-invasive carcinoma by microscopic evidence on serial step sections, while the remaining 2 showed high-grade dysplasia of the cervix. Atypical tissue was successfully removed in toto in 6 of the 8 cases with lesions predominantly localizing at the cervical surface. Of the 5 abnormal epithelial processes which were almost entirely endocervical only 1 was completely removed. Abortion occurred in 4 of the 13 patients undergoing conisation without prophylactic cerclage. Shirodkar's operation was done at the time of conisation in 7 cases, in one after an interval of 10 weeks. This prophylactic measure failed to prevent prematurity in 2 cases, while the remaining 6 gave birth to living and mature infants between the 37th and the 40th week of gestation. PMID- 710883 TI - [Percutaneous antegrade needle hydronephrosis as an emergency measure in the management (author's transl)]. AB - The needle of acute aspiration of the pyelon assures immediate drainage of the urine in a hydronephrosis with a distended calceal system. This emergency measure often is necessary in acute high risk cases which are often gynecological cases. A cannula for percutaneous needle aspiration of the kidney basin is presented. With this cannula antegrade percutaneous translumbar needle drainage of the kidney basin is possible without operative risk. Operative exposure of a hydronephrotic kidney with the only aim of nephrostomy can be avoided with this method in most cases. PMID- 710884 TI - [Bilateral carcinoma of the breast after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - A 34-year-old patient had radiotherapy and chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosing type 2 A thirteen years prior to the treatment of a right cancer of the breast in the stage M0 N1 T3. Seven months later the patient had a left cancer of the breast in the stage M0 N0 T4. The literature is reviewed and the possibility of occurrance of secondary carcinoma following treatment of Hodgkin's disease is discussed. PMID- 710886 TI - Allozyme polymorphism in the parasitic hymenoptera Diadromus pulchellus WSM. (Ichneumonidae). PMID- 710885 TI - [Determination of microelements in the human placenta. III. Commun.: atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Mg contents of human placentas (author's transl)]. AB - In human placentas from the West Berlin area is the content on Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Mg determined by means of the flameless and the flame atom absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. PMID- 710887 TI - Mechanism of infertility in t-complex mice. PMID- 710888 TI - Digynic triploidy in rabbit blastocysts after delayed insemination. PMID- 710889 TI - Variation for X chromosome expression in mice detected by electrophoresis of phosphoglycerate kinase. PMID- 710890 TI - Should you treat systolic hypertension in elderly patients? AB - Systolic hypertension is difficult to control in the elderly, but this is not an excuse for denying these patients the benefits of carefully controlled antihypertensive treatment, particularly when target organ disease is present. Although drug therapy may produce alarming symptoms, it is highly doubtful that it increases the incidence of myocardial infarction or permanent neurologic damage. In fact, evidence indicates that antihypertensive therapy may prevent hemorrhagic and thrombotic strokes. Arterial pressure should be reduced slowly and cautiously--to allow control without interfering with cerebral flow stability. Drug therapy should be started in small doses and may be initiated with diuretics. Methyldopa in small or moderate doses has been effective and does not often cause postural hypotension. Drugs that interfere with reflex arteriolar constriction should not be used. PMID- 710891 TI - Four common ocular complications of diabetes--and how to treat them. AB - To minimize the risk of visual loss in diabetic patients, recognition of early signs of oculopathy is essential. Diabetes-associated third-nerve palsy is manifested by unilateral ptosis and exotropia. Symptoms of closed-angle glaucoma are intense pain, halos around lights, and blurred vision. Open-angle glaucoma does not necessarily produce symptoms and is treated medically. A gradual decrease in visual acuity, sometimes associated with photophobia and difficulty in night driving, and monocular diplopia, are manifestations of cataract. The patient with "background" retinopathy usually complains of blurred or distorted central vision. Once the macula is involved, vision progressively decreases. Although the relationship of metabolic control to retinopathy has not been settled, evidence indicates that good medical control of the disease may delay onset of vascular complications. PMID- 710893 TI - Can you recognize and treat mycosis fungoides? AB - Whenever lesions resembling psoriasis or nummular eczema remain unchanged for several months or do not respond to topical steroid therapy, mycosis fungoides should be suspected and multiple biopsies performed. Early diagnosis increases the possibility of destroying malignant cells before they involve internal organs. Early treatment is usually conservative, with topical steroids and occlusion. Topical nitrogen mustard, oral psoralens, long-wave ultraviolet light, and--ultimately--radiation are used as the disease progresses. Use of whole-body electron beam therapy appears promising. PMID- 710892 TI - Intestinal stomas: managing the "unmentionable". AB - Learning to live with an intestinal stoma is a difficult adjustment for elderly patients. Thoughtful, sensitive preoperative counseling and postoperative education in caring for the stoma are essential, and both are often the responsibility of the primary care physician. Irrigation is the preferred method of colostomy management, and with proper instruction, most patients can learn the technique. The physician and nurse should work in concert to teach patients how to control bowel movements, prevent odor, and maintain the integrity of the stoma and the skin. Elderly patients are able to accept a stoma much more readily if they can manage it easily. PMID- 710894 TI - What we know--and don't know--about bone loss in the elderly. AB - The incidence of fracture in women increases with age; yet studies of age associated bone loss have shown conflicting results. Cross-sectional studies show that variation in bone content does not increase significantly with age, supporting the theory that there is a universal bone loss with age, and that women with low initial bone mineral are the most susceptible to osteoporosis. On the other hand, prospective studies show that people do lose bone at different rates. Both types of studies indicate that the rate of bone loss is significantly lower in elderly women than in those in the early postmenopausal period. The hallmark of osteoporosis is vertebral fracture, which is most often asymptomatic and increases in incidence in elderly women. However, there is considerable overlap in the amount of bone mineral in those with fracture and those without fracture. The overlap at fracture sites may indicate that factors other than low bone mass--such as osteomalacia--may play an important role in the development of fracture. PMID- 710895 TI - Techniques for communicating with your elderly patient. AB - A physician can best treat elderly patients if he or she understands their unique problems and employs effective techniques of communication. Be aware how your patient's anxiety or your own view about the elderly can erect a barrier to communication. Your position in the room, your tone of voice, your touch all communicate--either positively or negatively--to your elderly patient. PMID- 710896 TI - How to do office-based screening for organic brain disorders. PMID- 710897 TI - Does exercise prevent heart attacks? PMID- 710898 TI - Stroke risk study leaves questions unanswered. PMID- 710899 TI - Pinpointing the cause of disturbed behavior in the elderly. PMID- 710900 TI - What your aging patient may want to know about cataracts. PMID- 710901 TI - Your cataract. PMID- 710902 TI - [Characteristic quantities of summer heat protection of outside walls and roofs]. PMID- 710903 TI - [Aerodynamics close to the ground: representation of local wind conditions across built-up and vacant lots based on the available literature. Part I: description of natural wind close to the ground]. PMID- 710904 TI - [Proposal for a representation of the stationary operational behavior of flat plate collectors]. PMID- 710905 TI - [Dynamics of higher nervous activity indices in programmer mathematicians]. PMID- 710906 TI - [Organization of work and health safety for workers in the building trade and the construction materials industry in the GDR]. PMID- 710907 TI - [Effectiveness of protective agents in the chronic intake of 137Cs and 90Sr into the body]. PMID- 710909 TI - [Hygienic approaches to the standardization of limiting the entry of hazardous substances into the soil]. PMID- 710908 TI - [Hygienic assessment of new filtration materials intended for drinking water purification]. PMID- 710910 TI - [State of the processes of liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation under the action of an electrical field]. PMID- 710911 TI - [Physiological and hygienic requirements for the thermal insulating properties of blankets]. PMID- 710912 TI - [Further rise in agriculture and the tasks of hygienists and health officers]. PMID- 710913 TI - [Precise determination of the heat comfort zone for group quarters for children's preschool institutions]. PMID- 710914 TI - [Half-life periods of naturally radioactive substances in the lungs and their hygienic significance]. PMID- 710915 TI - [Protection of the internal environment is the basis for the prevention of diseases]. PMID- 710916 TI - [Practical occupational experience of III-course students of sanitary hygiene departments at epidemiological health station laboratories]. PMID- 710917 TI - [Role of medical measures in providing accident-free work for railroad workers]. PMID- 710918 TI - [Role of experimental hygienic research in predicting pesticide behavior in the environment]. PMID- 710919 TI - [Evaluation of the information content of indices of the thermal state of infants (1-1 1/2 years)]. PMID- 710920 TI - [Mapping as a method of the sanitary and hygienic assessment of territories coming under the jurisdiction of comprehensive regional planning]. PMID- 710921 TI - [Isolation and identification of Bacillus thuringiensis from environmental objects]. PMID- 710922 TI - [Use of zeolites for the gas chromatographic determination of carbon monoxide air pollution]. PMID- 710923 TI - [Genetic hygienic classification of chemical mutagens]. PMID- 710924 TI - [Sanitary helminthological study of swimming pools]. PMID- 710925 TI - [Data on hygienic standards for 2,4-D herbicides in environmental objects]. PMID- 710926 TI - [Use of thin-layer chromatography for determining pirimicarb and aktellik]. PMID- 710927 TI - [Change in the water quality of open reservoirs under the influence of lumbering]. PMID- 710928 TI - [Cardiotocography at admission of normal risk patients]. PMID- 710929 TI - [Appendicitis in gyneco-obstetrics]. PMID- 710930 TI - [Morbidity and mortality caused by peridural block in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 710931 TI - [New concept related to implantation. II. Decidual reaction]. PMID- 710932 TI - [Fetal hypothrophy]. PMID- 710934 TI - [Substantiation of the thermal insulation of clothing by conduction cooling of the body surface]. PMID- 710933 TI - [Industrial hygiene and the urbanization problem]. PMID- 710935 TI - [Nature and frequency of sleep disorders in persons subjected to vinyl chloride exposure in the work process]. PMID- 710937 TI - [Dimethylformamide metabolism depending on the intensity of exposure]. PMID- 710936 TI - [State of health in workers subjected to toluene nitro derivative exposure in modern industry]. PMID- 710938 TI - [Effect of the atmospheric pollution of industrial yards on the workers of the auxiliary shops and outbuildings of chemical enterprises]. PMID- 710939 TI - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of the work of rolling mill tongsmen]. PMID- 710940 TI - [Hygienic working conditions of workers in the manufacture of choline chloride]. PMID- 710941 TI - [Effect of unithiol on the bile excretion of mercury in rats]. PMID- 710942 TI - [Toxicity of chlorpalladosamine in the chronic inhalatory exposure of experimental animals]. PMID- 710943 TI - [Experience in organizing an intercollegiate comprehensive scientific research laboratory in industrial hygiene and protection under the Khabarovsk Council of Rectors]. PMID- 710944 TI - [Establishment of the differential MPEL for manganese in the form of condensation and disintegration aerosols for the work area of industrial premises]. PMID- 710945 TI - [Prediction of the work successfulness of operators based on personality characteristics]. PMID- 710946 TI - [Determination of trace amounts of acrylic acid esters by a gas-liquid chromatographic method]. PMID- 710947 TI - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of the "Universal" anti-aerosol respirators]. PMID- 710948 TI - [Assessment of the work severity and the ways of health promotion among workers of a forge shop]. PMID- 710949 TI - [Analysis of personality structure of women hospitalized with various pregnancy complications]. PMID- 710950 TI - [Evaluation of the state of newborn infant from post-term and prolonged pregnancy. 1. General condition of the newborn]. PMID- 710951 TI - [Morphological evaluation of the vaginal part of the cervix and of the endometrium in uterine prolapse]. PMID- 710952 TI - [Remote results of treatment of precancerous conditions of the cervix by means of electroconisation]. PMID- 710953 TI - [Ovarian endometriosis. Clinico-pathological study. 1]. PMID- 710954 TI - [Analysis of the effects of prevention of threatened abortion and premature labor with intravenous and oral preparation, Partusisten]. PMID- 710955 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the complex method of treatment of early forms of invasive cancer of the cervix uteri (radiotherapy followed by surgery)]. PMID- 710956 TI - [Fetal bone tissue in the uterine cavity as a cause of complications after evacuation of dead fetus]. PMID- 710957 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in Addison's disease]. PMID- 710958 TI - [Utilization of energy sources in pregnant rats during exertion]. PMID- 710959 TI - Histamine and insulin dose-response studies of gastric secretion in Indian control subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer in the Ganges delta. AB - The gastric secretory responses to various doses of histamine and insulin have been studied in 11 control and 12 duodenal ulcer subjects belonging to the Ganges delta of India where the incidence of duodenal ulcer disease is known to be high. A dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of histamine acid phosphate was sufficient to produce peak gastric acid output both in the control and duodenal ulcer subjects. However, a dose as low as 0.025 U insulin/kg body weight was enough to produce peak rates of gastric acid output in duodenal ulcer subjects, whereas in the controls a minimum dose of 0.05 U insulin/kg body weight was sufficient. A greater proportion of the duodenal ulcer patients also showed a peak acid secretory response in the first hour after administration of insulin. Furthermore, increasing doses of insulin in this population did not produce lower levels of blood glucose but did produce increasingly high acid output as subjects do in the West. K values derived from the intravenous glucose tolerance test showed that 75% of duodenal ulcer patients and 54% of the controls had variable degrees of intolerance to glucose. Gastric acid secretion in response to a bolus of 50 ml 50% intravenous glucose was also studied in a separate group of 16 duodenal ulcer and 13 control subjects. A sharp rise in the volume, titratable acidity, and total acid output was observed in the early part of the fourth hour in the control and duodenal ulcer subjects. In a separate group of controls a bolus of intravenous hypertonic saline produced no such increase in gastric acid secretion. PMID- 710960 TI - Availability of monoglutamyl and polyglutamyl folates in normal subjects and in patients with coeliac sprue. AB - Intestinal folate absorption was assessed in six normal subjects and in four patients with coeliac sprue who were studied before and after treatment by dietary gluten exclusion. Comparisons were made of the luminal disappearance from the perfused jejunum of 3H-pteroylmonoglutamate and pteroyl 14C glutamylhexaglutamate, and of the 48-hour urinary recovery of each isotope after perfusion and a tissue saturating dose of folic acid. The labelled urinary folates consisted of folic acid, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5 methyltetrahydrofolate. In each group urinary recovery of 3H was significantly greater than that of 14C, confirming the evidence from jejunal perfusion that the availability of monoglutamyl folate is greater than that of polyglutamyl folate. According to the urinary recovery data, both folates were poorly absorbed in untreated coeliac sprue, but were normally absorbed after treatment. Assuming uniform displacement of the absorbed labelled folates by the parenteral flushing dose, the finding of greater urinary isotope recovery than of luminal folate disappearance from the perfused proximal jejunal segment suggests an adaptation of the distal small bowel for folate absorption in coeliac sprue. PMID- 710962 TI - Comparison of rectosigmoid myoelectrical activity in the irritable colon syndrome during relapses and remissions. AB - Recent studies have suggested that a high incidence of 0.05 Hz (3 c/m) slow wave electrical activity is present within the rectosigmoid of patients with the irritable colon syndrome during symptomatic phases. However, it is known that this is a chronic relapsing disorder and in this study we have compared myoelectrical recordings, using an on-line frequency analyser, during periods of severe symptoms and asymptomatic phases. Treatment with either bran (in the form of bran tablets) or an antispasmodic resulted in 12 of the 20 patients becoming free from symptoms after one to three months. In those patients who were initially constipated a statistically significant increase in mean stool weight and a decrease in mean transit time occurred, but this was not associated with any alteration in either percentage motility or electrical activity. In patients with predominant diarrhoea no statistically significant difference occurred in either transit time or stool weight after treatment nor did the abnormal myoelectrical activity return towards normal with symptomatic improvement. These results suggest that a fixed basic myoelectrical abnormality exists which is unrelated to symptoms. This may help to explain the chronic relapsing nature of the irritable colon syndrome. PMID- 710961 TI - Lundh test and ERCP in pancreatic disease. AB - The Lundh test and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were used to investigate 40 patients with known or suspected pancreatic disease. Pancreatograms were classified as being normal or showing minimal or gross changes. There was good correlation between the two tests in assessing the degree of pancreatic disease (P less than 0.01). Gross radiographic changes were associated with a mean tryptic activity (MTA) of less than 6 IU/ml, while minimal changes were associated with an MTA between 6 and 14 IU/ml. Although some patients with normal pancreatograms had MTAs within this range, no patients with an MTA above 14 IU/ml had an abnormal pancreatogram. The Lundh meal is of great value in detecting extensive pancreatic disease and an unequivocally normal result virtually excludes significant chronic pancreatic disease. Values in the equivocal range usefully draw attention to early pancreatitis which may be confirmed by ERCP. In this paper the interpretation of pancreatograms is discussed and the clinical features of the patients with minimal change disease are reviewed. PMID- 710963 TI - Serum factor affecting neutrophil function during acute viral hepatitis. AB - Sera from eight of 17 patients with acute viral hepatitis was deficient in its ability to support neutrophil bactericidal function in vitro. This defect appeared to be related to the viral infection itself. Sera from patients with drug hepatitis or mechanical obstructive jaundice did not show this effect. PMID- 710964 TI - Portal and systemic bacteraemia and endotoxaemia in liver disease. AB - Using a percutaneous transhepatic technique, blood was obtained from the portal veins of 30 patients with various hepatic disorders and examined for the presence of bacteria and endotoxin. Simultaneous samples also were drawn from hepatic and peripheral veins. In three cases, portal vein cultures grew diphtheroids, which were of doubtful significance, while all hepatic and peripheral cultures were sterile. Endotoxin was detected in seven portal vein samples; in none of these patients were the hepatic or peripheral blood samples positive. In three cases, only peripheral blood samples were positive for endotoxin. It was concluded that portal bacteraemia occurs as infrequently in patients with liver disease as in those without. Portal endotoxaemia was detected in patients with all degrees of liver disease but, even in patients with moderately severe portal hypertension, the liver may remain an effective filter of endotoxin. PMID- 710966 TI - Gastric emptying after treatment of stenosis secondary to duodenal ulceration by proximal gastric vagotomy and duodenoplasty or pyloric dilatation. AB - A consecutive series of 12 patients with stenosis secondary to duodenal ulceration were treated by proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) and duodenoplasty or PGV and dilatation of the stenosis. Three months after operation the rate and pattern of gastric emptying of a solid meal was measured in each patient and compared with 18 patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer treated by PGV alone. Two patients developed gastric stasis in the early postoperative period which resolved with medical treatment. All patients were asymptomatic and were eating normally three months after operation. There was no significant difference in the rate of gastric emptying postoperatively between the patients who had stenosis and those who had uncomplicated duodenal ulcers. These results indicate that despite early postoperative difficulties in some patients pyloric dilatation or duodenoplasty with PGV are both effective treatments for stenosis due to duodenal ulceration. PMID- 710967 TI - Treatment of encephalopathy during fulminant hepatic failure by haemodialysis with high permeability membrane. AB - Forty-one patients with fulminant hepatic failure and coma underwent 180 periods of haemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile membrane (AN 69 HD). Hepatic failure was due to viral hepatitis in 40 and drugs in one. Total recovery of consciousness occurred in 17 patients (43.6%), and partial in seven (17.9%)--that is, an overall figure of 61.5%. Regain of consciousness was not related to liver regeneration as assessed by levels of factor V and hepatocyte volume fraction. At the time of the first haemodialysis, neurological status was significantly impaired in the patients who could not be aroused. Mean duration of coma grade IV averaged 6.1 +/- 4.3 days and mean duration of illness until death or decerebration 8.6 +/- 8.3 days. Of the 17 patients who totally regained consciousness, nine recovered and eight died (three from intercurrent complications and five with no liver regeneration). PMID- 710968 TI - Increased serum immunoreactive gastrin levels in idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. AB - The serum immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) level in infants with confirmed idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) has been determined and compared to that found in vomiting infants without IHPS, in normal infants, and in normal adults. The mean serum IRG level of normal infants (103 +/- 9 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM) exceeded that of normal adults (28 +/- 5 pg/ml). The preoperative mean serum IRG level in IHPS infants (256 +/- 26 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that of both normal infants and vomiting infants without IHPS (93 +/- 9 pg/ml). Twenty five per cent (5/20) of the IHPS infants had serum IRG levels within the upper range of normal infants. Fasting serum IRG levels in IHPS infants were not altered immediately by pyloromyotomy. The results from this study suggest a relationship between gastrin and idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 710965 TI - Progress report intestinal protozoa. PMID- 710969 TI - Parietal cell hyperplasia induced by long-term administration of antacids to rats. AB - Suspension of magnesium and aluminum hydroxide (30--60 mEq/24h) or a comparable volme of water was orally administered by gastric intubation to two groups of 20 male Wistar rats each over 60 days. The antacid treatment led to a significant increase in the height (0.464 +/- 0.02 mm v. 0.318 +/- 0.06) and in the volume (472 +/- 32 mm3v.328 +/- 45) of the fundic mucosa of the stomach, in the average count of parietal cells per unit area of the mucosa (32.37 +/- 1.8 v. 22.3 +/- 1.6), and in the total parietal cell population of the stomach (53.6 +/- 3.5 x 10(6) v. 43.2 +/- 3.7 x 10(6)). Furthermore fasting serum gastrin concentration was significantly higher in the antacid treated rats (81.2 +/- 7.4 pg/ml) than in control animals (56.9 +/- 6.9 pg/ml). PMID- 710970 TI - Drug metabolism in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in the Sudan: a study with antipyrine. AB - The disposition of antipyrine following oral administration of 1200 mg has been investigated in 10 patients with histologically confirmed hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and 11 normal subjects living in Sudan. Drug metabolising activity as assessed by antipyrine clearance was similar in patients when compared with normal controls. We conclude that antipyrine disposition is normal in patients with clinically compensated hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. PMID- 710972 TI - Relationship of the constituents of bile to biliary peritonitis in the rat. AB - The local action of bile salts has been associated with a wide variety of gastrointestinal diseases. This paper describes an animal model to determine which of the major solid components of bile are responsible for peritoneal destruction in biliary peritonitis. In the rat, bile salts within the peritoneal cavity cause peritonitis but cholesterol and lecithin are without deleterious effect. PMID- 710971 TI - Suppression of rejection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in iron and protein deficient rats: effect of syngeneic lymphocyte transfer. AB - Rejection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is impaired in iron and protein deficient rats and this suggests that iron and protein deficiency directly or indirectly suppresses the immune response. The site of the immunological defect in deficient rats was investigated using the technique of cellular transfer of resistance. The functional activity of immune mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from iron and protein deficient donors was not depressed as measured by their capacity to cause parasite rejection in nutritionally sufficient recipients. In contrast, immune lymph node cells obtained from either sufficient or deficient donors did not result in parasite rejection in iron and protein deficient recipients. These results indicate that there is no permanent defect of lymphocyte function in iron and protein deficient rats and suggest that either some other component of the rejection mechanism is defective, or that lymphocyte function is blocked in an iron and protein deficient environment. PMID- 710974 TI - Ultrastructural study of gonads in the complete and incomplete feminization syndrome. AB - The gonads of two individuals with complete and one with incomplete testicular feminization were examined by light and electron microscopy. In the seminiferous tubules of the complete forms, clear, intermediate, and dark-type Sertoli cells could be distinguished. These are immature elements which had assumed, under the influence of hormones, different morphology. Leydig cells were also immature, at varying stages of differentiation. In the complete form Sertoli and Leydig cells had an almost normal fine structure; the lamina basalis of the tubules, however, was considerably thickened. PMID- 710973 TI - Membrane lipid composition of red blood cells in liver disease: regression of spur cell anaemia after infusion of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine. AB - The morphology of red blood cells was studied in 30 patients with severe liver cirrhosis, in 10 patients with extrahepatic jaundice, and in 10 control subjects. In all the patients with extrahepatic jaundice more than 30% of red blood cells were target cells with increased resistance to osmotic lysis. In 12 patients with liver cirrhosis more than 30% of red blood cells were spur cells. The cholesterol: phospholipids (C/PL) molar ratio was 0.89 in target cells, 1.33 in spur cells, and 0.74 in normal red blood cells. The red blood cell membrane cholesterol and phospholipids exchanged with plasma lipoproteins, the lipid composition of which was studied in eight patients with spur cells; the free cholesterol: phospholipid (FC/PL) molar ratio was 0.33 (0.16 in the controls) in high density lipoproteins (HDL) and 1.40 (0.82 in the controls) in low density lipoproteins (LDL); in these patients the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was low in both phospholipids and cholesterol esters of lipoproteins. The irregular folds of the spur cells regressed when polyunsaturated lecithin was infused (2 g daily for five days) in eight patients with spur cell anaemia; the infusions decreased both C/PL ratio in RC to 0.88 and the concentration of unconjugated bilirubin (104.3 to 82.0 mumol/l (6.1 to 4.8 mg%)), whereas the activity of the plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) increased from 31.2 to 54.4 mumol/l/h. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content of RC lecithin increased after the infusion as it did in HDL, the FC/PL ratio of which decreased to 0.23. PMID- 710976 TI - Fine structure of the human placenta in prolonged pregnancy. Preliminary report. AB - Placentas from 15 prolonged (is greater than 42 weeks), but otherwise normal pregnancies, and 8 normal-term placentas were studied. Placental villi from term placentas revealed intact syncytial and cytotrophoblast elements. All term placentas presented a minimal to mild degree of villous necrosis and deposition of fibrinoid material. Placental villi from cases of prolonged pregnancy presented a moderate to severe degree of necrosis in 11 of 15 placentas and a minimal to mild degree in 4 of 15 placentas. A moderate to severe degree of fibrinoid deposition was noted in 7 of 15 placentas, whilst 8 of 15 revealed a minimal to mild degree of deposition. The presence or absence of meconium was noted in the prolonged-pregnancy group and correlated with the above morphological features. Statistically, a correlation was found between prolonged pregnancy and necrosis (p is less than 0.001), prolonged pregnancy and fibrinoid deposition (p is less than 0.03) and between necrosis and deposition of fibrinoid (p is less than 0.05). There was no correlation between the incidence of meconium staining and the above parameters. PMID- 710975 TI - Energy metabolism in the exteriorized fetus. AB - Umbilical blood flow rate (UBF) was measured in 9 exteriorized fetal lambs by weight changes of the fetus during total umbilical vein occlusion. Concentrations of oxygen, lactate and pyruvate in umbilical arterial (UA) and umbilical venous (UV) blood were determined. Rate of fetal oxygen consumption (.QO2) was 5.2 +/- (SEM) 0.48 ml. kg(-1) . min (-1), and was correlated with UBF (r = 0.793), but not with the content of O2 in UA or UV. The UV-UA differences in lactate/pyruvate ratios indicated varying degrees of anaerobic metabolism in those fetuses with highest UBF and .QO2, but not in poorly perfused fetuses with low .QO2. Fetal exteriorization can result in inadequate perfusion of fetal tissue, lowering of fetal oxygen consumption and some anaerobic metabolism. PMID- 710977 TI - Estriol antagonism of the action of bradykinin and adrenalin on human umbilical artery. AB - The effect of estriol on the response of human umbilical artery to bradykinin (0.2 microgram/ml) and adrenalin (0.8 microgram/ml) was studied by an in vitro perfusion method. Estriol (10 microgram/ml) added to the nutrient medium decreased the response of the preparation to the two vasoactive agents. The results suggest the participation of estriol as a modulator of the vascular response at the level of the umbilical circulation, where it may act to protect the maternal-fetal circulatory system from physical or chemical stimuli. PMID- 710979 TI - The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the hand. AB - This paper is a review of a series of forty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hand. The various forms of treatment carried out are outlined and the results reported. PMID- 710978 TI - Dupuytren's disease--the influence of occupation and previous hand injuries. AB - The influence of handedness, work and previous hand trauma is studied in 901 persons with Dupuytren's disease, collected in an epidemiological study of 15,950 citizens in a small, Norwegian town. Dupuytren's disease occurred in all occupational groups, but the prevalence was higher and the contracture more severe in people doing hard manual work than in people doing light or non manual work. Persons with Dupuytren's disease has sustained previous hand trauma more frequently than the general population, and the interval between trauma and first sign of disease was usually a few years. Previous hand injuries were definitely more common among people doing hard manual work, but even when these were excluded from the work material, Dupuytren's disease was still more common among people doing hard manual work, than in people doing light or non manual work. The study has indicated that Dupuytren's disease in certain cases is precipitated and/or aggravated by both work and definite hand injury. PMID- 710980 TI - Reconstruction of the digital tendon-sheath in "no-man's" land with autologous transplanted vein-graft. AB - A two-stage procedure is described for severely damaged flexor tendons in "no man's land". In the first stage the damaged tendons and scarred tendon sheath are excised and a segment of the saphenous vein, cannulated by a silicone rubber rod is transplanted into the tendon bed. In the second stage the silicone-rod is replaced by a free transplanted tendon. The endothelial lining of the vein is a guarantee of a good gliding surface and an obstacle to adhesion formation, and so it ensures good function. A review of the method and a survey of thirty-nine cases are presented. PMID- 710981 TI - The length of flexor tendon grafts. AB - The distance between the origin of the lumbrical muscle and the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon was measured at surgery in forty-eight patients. It was found that this distance was predictable and could be estimated without measurement prior to operation. A standard technique of flexor tendon grafting is described where this distance equals the length of the tendon graft. PMID- 710982 TI - Avulsion of the ring finger flexor digitorum profundus tendon: an experimental study. AB - The results of an experimental study of the breaking strength of the tendon-bone junction of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon in cadaver specimens indicates a significantly weaker insertion of the ring finger compared to the middle finger. This explains in part the more frequent occurrence of avulsion of the ring finger profundus tendon as observed clinically. PMID- 710983 TI - Upper-limb-cardiovascular syndrome. Two cases of Holt-Oram syndrome. AB - Two cases of Holt-Oram syndrome with an atrial septal defect and thumb deformities are reported. The embryological basis for the association between skeletal malformations particularly of the hand, and congenital heart disease, is discussed. PMID- 710984 TI - Long-term results of ulnar to median nerve pedicle grafts. AB - Nerve pedicle grafts in the upper limb were performed on nine patients with Volkmann's Ischaemia. Long-term follow-up of three cases has shown that the results of this operation are successful. Sensory and motor recovery of the median nerve occurs and consequently useful hand function is regained. Since Volkmann's Ischaemic contracture is not rare in developing countries, this operation should be the treatment of choice when the median and ulnar nerves have been damaged beyond hope of recovery. PMID- 710985 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome due to thrombosed persisting median artery. A case report. AB - Surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome in a seventy year old woman revealed thrombosis of a double persisting median artery. The persisting median artery is a rare anomaly and its association with a thrombotic process to cause carpal tunnel syndrome is even rarer. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a widely-known phenomenon about which much has been written in the medical literature. A persisting median artery accompanying the nerve into the carpal tunnel is uncommon, occurring in only about 10% of such cases (Pecket, 1973) and thrombosis of such an artery as a cause for carpal tunnel syndrome is very rare (Burnham, 1963; DeAbreu & Godoy Moreira, 1958). We describe a case in which thrombosis is a double persisting median artery was discovered to be the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome at operation. PMID- 710986 TI - The anatomy of the space of Guyon. PMID- 710987 TI - Saint Anthony's fire or carpal tunnel syndrome? (a case of iatrogenic ergotism). AB - A case of unilateral upper limb ischaemia from ergot overdosage is presented. An unusual feature was a median nerve neuropathy suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome. The arteriographic appearances are demonstrated and management discussed. PMID- 710988 TI - Racquet player's pisiform. AB - Four patients whose sport involved wielding a racquet presented with symptoms at the base of the hypothenar eminence which were due to minor degrees of subluxation of the pisiform. In two there was in addition a chondromalacia of the articular cartilage of the joint. PMID- 710989 TI - Three-dimensional architecture of blood vessels of tendons demonstrated by corrosion casts. AB - Three-dimensional observation of the microcirculation of the tendon was readily and clearly demonstrated by preparing methyl methacrylate casts and observing them under the scanning electron microscope. In the muscles blood vessels made a network like a ladder surrounding every muscle fibre. The fibrous digital sheath had blood vessels made in a fine meshed cylinder. By microdissection of the vessels of the sheath the blood vessels of the vinculae and tendons were observed stereoscopically in relation to the peritendinous tissues. The casting method contributes to better understanding of vascular architecture of tendons. PMID- 710990 TI - The conservative treatment of the Swan-Neck deformity in the rheumatoid hand. AB - A technique is described to correct rheumatoid Swan-Neck deformity in those patients where there is limited proximal interphalangeal joint flexion in all positions. It involves the manipulation of these joints and their temporary immobilisation with Kirschner wires followed by mobilisation using an elastic band method. PMID- 710991 TI - The use of the Flatt hinge prosthesis in the rheumatoid thumb. AB - Nine patients with marked destruction in both the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb, were treated with fusion of the interphalangeal joint and insertion of the Flatt hinged metal prosthesis into the metacarpophalangeal joint. Of the nine thumbs treated in this manner, eight had good to excellent results. One prosthesis was removed after it became infected, leaving both joints fused. PMID- 710992 TI - Microvascular great toe transfer for congenital absence of the thumb. AB - Two cases of microvascular great toe transfer for congenital absence of the thumb in children are reported. A rationale and operative details are discussed. A long term follow up is needed, but at this stage the results are most encouraging. There has been no interference with gait. PMID- 710994 TI - A comparison of three techniques of micro nerve repairs in dogs. AB - An assessment of the results of three techniques of nerve repair. Epineurial repair, Funicular repair with resection of epineurium and Combined Funicular and Epineurial repair. The results were essentially similar. PMID- 710993 TI - Digital replantation and revascularisation. A long term review of one hundred cases. PMID- 710995 TI - The determinants of flexor tendon fibrosis following trauma: an experimental study in rabbits. AB - Twenty-six rabbits were subjected to various types of forepaw flexor tendon laceration. After two weeks the tendons were examined. Fibrosis was densest around the proximal stump of the divided profundus tendon. Double partial transverse nicks, designed to induce local ischaemia, caused no more fibrosis than a single longitudinal slit of the same length. Rendering the proximal stump ischaemic with a snare caused no increase in fibrosis. It was concluded that movement and tissue trauma are more important than ischaemia in determining the degree of fibrosis around the injured flexor tendon in the rabbit forepaw. PMID- 710997 TI - Restoration of opposition of the thumb. AB - During the period 1966--75 operation to restore thumb opposition was performed in thirty four patients. Out of twenty seven patients who could be traced, twenty one had obtained a satisfactory result, five had considerably improved, while one had to be classified as a failure. Complications from the operation and the motor tendon are discussed. Among 147 cases with injury to the median nerve treated during the same period, operation to obtain opposition was indicated in 14%. PMID- 710996 TI - Primary repair of flexor tendons within the digital theca of the hand. AB - The results of primary repair of the flexor tendons within the digital theca of the hand in twenty-three fingers have been very encouraging. Eighty-seven percent of the fingers had excellent to good results. Primary tenorrhapy by the technique described in selected cases offers the patient a shorter period of disablement with functional results as good or even better than those after a free tendon graft. PMID- 710998 TI - Unusual causes of peripheral nerve compression. PMID- 710999 TI - Compression of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve by the arch of the adductor pollicis. AB - A case of palsy of the distal part of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve is described. The possibility of an entrapment by the arch of the adductor pollicis is discussed. Anatomical features of this arch are reported. PMID- 711000 TI - Fracture of the hook of the hamate presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - This case report of a fracture of the hook of the hamate presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome emphasizes the importance of a careful physical examination, the necessity for a carpal tunnel roentgenogram and a high degree of suspicion by the surgeon in patients with symptoms of median nerve compression following trauma to the wrist. PMID- 711001 TI - Bone density and the carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Bone density was studied in ten patients before and after release of an idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. A corticomedullary ratio was measured at the mid-point of the metacarpals and proximal phalanges of both hands. There was a significant increase in the mean bone density over the period of observation in the thumb and middle finger metacarpals and in the index, middle, and ring finger proximal phalanges of the operated hand. There was no significant increase in the density of either metacarpal or proximal phalanx on the non-operated side. Release of the carpal tunnel syndrome provides not only symptomatic relief but also leads to increased bone density. PMID- 711002 TI - The effects of sural nerve excision in autogenous nerve grafting. AB - The effect of excising fifty sural nerves from the legs of forty-five patients undergoing nerve grafting are described. Forty-two per cent of patients complained of tenderness in the calf, likely to be due to neuroma formation. Ten per cent of patients had other minor complaints. One would haematoma and one deep vein thrombosis occurred. Overall patient satisfaction was high when the functional result of the nerve grafting was taken into account. PMID- 711003 TI - Brachydactyly. PMID- 711004 TI - Metacarpal shortening. AB - A case of Psoriatic Arthritis with disabling flexion deformities at the metacarpo phalangeal joints of the fingers is described. Skeletal shortening decreased the deformity and improved the function. PMID- 711005 TI - Findings of hand anomaly associated with pectoral muscle anomaly. PMID- 711006 TI - Acute flexor tenosynovitis caused by gonococcal infection. A case report. AB - Gonococcal infection of tendon synovial sheath is discussed. A case of acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis without joint involvement is presented. PMID- 711007 TI - Tooth fragment in a metacarpophalangeal joint. AB - A patient with septic arthritis and a retained tooth fragment in a metacarpophalangeal joint is described. The case illustrates the mechanism of the initial injury. PMID- 711008 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial function using systolic time intervals]. PMID- 711010 TI - [Management and treatment of meromelia]. PMID- 711009 TI - [Pancreatic abscess]. PMID- 711011 TI - [Renin activity in amniotic fluid and maternal and cord blood in toxemia of pregnancy]. PMID- 711013 TI - [Heat-induced migraine and its treatment]. PMID- 711012 TI - [ECG in Holt-Oram syndrome]. PMID- 711014 TI - [Prevalence of pterygium in Israel]. PMID- 711015 TI - [Recent advances in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 711016 TI - [Hemolytic uremic syndrome following measles]. PMID- 711017 TI - [Nephroptosis and hypertension]. PMID- 711019 TI - [Pseudomyotonia with cervical osteoarthrotic changes]. PMID- 711018 TI - [Basal cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastases]. PMID- 711020 TI - [Damage to coronary vessels following irradiation of thorax]. PMID- 711022 TI - [Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 711021 TI - [The complement system]. PMID- 711023 TI - [Acquired renal cysts]. PMID- 711025 TI - [Drug treatment in the elderly]. PMID- 711024 TI - [Cancer and mind--are they connected?]. PMID- 711026 TI - [Bronchodilating and cardiovascular actions of (-)-1-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) 5, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (l-DTI) in the anesthetized dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 711027 TI - [Observation of animal behavior by revolving activity cage method: A new automatic measuring and recording system of motor activity of a mouse by means of revolving activity cage is presented (author's transl)]. AB - With this system, several parameters can be recorded continuously over several months without exterior stimuli. Time per revolution is counted and punched into the paper tape as binary coded numbers, and the number of revolutions and the frequency of "passage" in a given time are printed out on a rolled paper by a digital recorder. "Passage" is defined as one revolving trial without a pause over a fixed time (criterion time) and used as a behavioral unit of "stop and go". The raw data on the paper tape are processed and analyzed with a general purpose computer. It was confirmed that when a mouse became well accustomed to the revolving activity cage, the time per revolution followed the law of exponential distribution probability, while the length of passage (i.e. the number of revolutions per revolving trial) followed that of geometrical distribution probability. The revolving activity of mice treated with single subcutaneous injection of methamphetamine was examined using these parameters. PMID- 711028 TI - [Distribution, metabolism and excretion of toluene in mice (author's transl)]. AB - Tissue distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-labeled toluene were investigated after a single intraperitoneal administration (290 microgram/kg) of the compound into mice. The highest radioactivity was detected in the adipose tissue, followed in descending order by the kidney, liver and lung. The lowest radioactivity was retained in brain tissue and the brain/blood concentration ratio was about 0.4 throughout. Radioactivity in the blood declined exponentially and the biological half-life was estimated to be 25 min. Radioactive materials detected at as early as 8 min in the kidney (78%) and liver (64%) proved to be non-volatile metabolites. On the contrary, 70% of radioactive materials in the brain and near 100% in the adipose tissue were found to be a volatie compound (probably unchanged toluene). The cumulative urinary excretion of radio-activity was 26.4% of the dose at 30 min and 73.8% at 18 hr, whereas the pulmonary or fecal excretion was negligibly small. Radioactive materials excreted in the urine were identified by paper and the thin-layer chromatography as hippuric acid (59%) and benzoylglucuronic acid (41%). These results show that toluene is metabolized rapidly and is excreted mainly in the urine. The relative importance of glucuronide formation in detoxication mechanisms was noted. PMID- 711029 TI - [Experimental asthma in rats, and the effect of N (3', 4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5') (author's transl)]. AB - Although guinea pigs have been frequently used as a model of asthma, antibodies produced in this species are generally gamma1 and gamma2 and belong to IgG. The antibody responsible for asthmatic attacks in humans is IgE, and such is quite different from gamma1 and gamma2, immunologically. Guinea pigs are not therefore an adequate model for investigating anti-asthmatic drugs which inhibit IgE mediated mediator release, such as disodium cromoglycate. On the other hand, rats do produce an antibody similar to human IgE, the so-called homocytotropic antibody (HTA), by sensitization with dinitrophenylated ascaris extract (DNP-As) together with killed Bordetella pertussis as an adjuvant. To rats actively sensitized with DNP-As or passively sensitized with HTA serum against DNP-As, intravenous administration of antigen did not produce a transient increase in respiration (unlike that of guinea pigs) immediately after the antigen treatment, but a respiratory disorder similar to that seen during asthmatic attacks in humans did occur. The response to antigen was reproducible in passively sensitized rats compared with that of actively sensitized ones, though the symptom was moderate. The effect of N(3', 4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5'), a new anti-allergic drug, was determined in cases of experimental asthma in passively sensitized rats. Respiratory disorders as a result of antigen were clearly inhibited with oral administration of this agent. PMID- 711031 TI - [Effects of a vitamin B complex on functional recovery after nerve injury (author's transl)]. AB - Functional recovery after nerve crushing was investigated in the following manner: Under pentobarbital anesthesia the sciatic nerve of the rat was crushed at the level of the hip (proximal crush) or the thigh (distal crush). The recovery processes after the nerve crushing were followed by measuring distances between the first and fifth digits(DBD.1 approximately 5) and between the second and fourth digits (DBD.2 approximately 4) of the hind paw, and by observing changes in "behavior" scored on a scale of 10 according to the degree of behavioral disorder of the hind paw and leg. Results obtained by these methods showed good reproducibility. The DBD values and the scores for behavior recovered significantly faster after weak nerve crushing than after strong crushing, and after distal rather than after proximal crushing. When a segment of the sciatic nerve was resected, there was no recovery. These results suggest that DBD.1 approximately 5, DBD.2 approximately 4, and the behavior observed in these experiments serve as good indices for evaluating the degree of functional recovery after nerve injury in unanesthetized and unrestrained animals. Effects of a preparation of vitamins B1, B6, and B12 (B complex) on these three parameters and on weights of 9 muscles of the hind leg were also studied. These studies showed that the B complex facilitated functional recovery from nerve injury faster than its components, and that on muscle atrophy the B complex had its most effects on the soleus. It was also shown that B1 and B12 by themselves had significant facilitating effects on the functional recovery. PMID- 711030 TI - [Effects of hog pancreatic kallikrein and kallidin on regional blood flow and the heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 711032 TI - [Anti-inflammatory activity of SL-573 (author's transl)]. AB - In the carrageenin-induced edema test in rats, the anti-inflammatory activity of SL-573 was 1.6 times as potent as those of phenylbutazone (PB) and ibuprofen (IP), 3.3 times as potent as that of mefenamic acid (MF) and 6.7 times as potent as that of mepirizole (MP). In the yeast-induced edema test in rats, SL-573 showed equipotent activity with IP, the activity of which was 4 times as potent as that of MP. In the dextran-induced edema test in rats, the anti-inflammatory activity of SL-573 was significantly higher than those of IP and MP. SL-573 showed no anti-inflammatory activity in the formalin-induced edema test in rats in the same way as seen with IP and MP. SL-573 markedly inhibited the increase in capillary permeability in mice induced by intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid, and its activity was 12 times as potent as that of PB and 17 times as potent as that of MF. SL-573 showed anti-granuloma activity neither systemically nor locally. SL-573 showed equi-potent activity with PB in the adjuvant arthritis test in rats and had little effect on the healing process of the skin wound in rats. The effect of SL-573 on the carrageenin-induced edema was not diminished in the adrenalectomized rats. The gastric bleeding effect of SL 573 was significantly weaker than that usually seen in nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs. SL-573 did not induce intestinal perforation even at the high dose of 800 mg/kg. Additionally, SL-573 showed a protective effect on the indomethacin-induced intestinal lesions. These pharmacological profiles of SL-573 were considered to be quite characteristic as compared with those of known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 711033 TI - [Evidence for existence of type A MAO in mitochondria from human placenta (author's transl)]. AB - The existence of type A and B MAO in mitochondria from human placenta was investigated on the basis of inhibitions by selective MAO inhibitors, such as clorgyline (type A inhibitor) and pargyline and deprenyl (type B inhibitors) with serotonin (substrate for type A MAO), tyramine (substrate for both types of MAO) and beta-phenylethylamine (substrate for type B MAO) as substrates and the results were compared with those obtained with MAO in rat liver. The rates of serotonin, beta-phenylethylamine and benzylamine oxidations by placental MAO were approximately 191, 12 and 48% to those of rat liver MAO, respectively. Placental MAO was more sensitive to tryptic digestion than the enzyme in rat liver. Both MAO's could be separated into two fractions by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, but the two types could not be distinguished when inhibitor sensitivity and substrate specificity experiments were carried out. Placental MAO activity was inhibited by low concentrations of type A inhibitor and was relatively insensitive to those of type B. Simple sigmoidal and identical inhibition curves with various concentrations of either type A or type B inhibitors were obtained with these substrates. These findings suggest that mitochondria MAO in human placenta essentially consists of one distinguishable type of MAO which closely resembles the type A MAO found in other tissues of many species. PMID- 711034 TI - [Irritative activity of antiinflammatory agents, betamethasone 17-valerate, beclomethasone 17, 21-dipropionate, betamethasone 17, 21-dipropionate, or indomethacin on the gastrointestinal tract in rats and dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Irritative effects of three steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastrointestinal tract of rats and dogs were determined. With either single or repeated subcutaneous administration these drugs dose dependently irritated the gastric mucosa of both species. The intestinal mucosa was less affected. Concomitant oral administration of aspirin or subcutaneous administration of indomethacin revealed an aggravation of aspirin-induced gastric ulcers by betamethasone valerate and inhibition of indomethacin-induced intestinal ulcers by beta-methasone dipropionate. These two steroidal drugs had no noxious effect on healing of chronic gastric ulcers induced in rats and dogs. Betamethasone valerate, however, delayed the healing of gastric ulcer in rats. Indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, also induced serious damage to the gastric and intestinal mucosa both of rats and dogs. Indomethacin ingestion delayed the healing of chronic gastric ulcer in rats but not in dogs. Since both steroidal and non-steroidal drugs induce damage to the gastrointestinal tract, a careful monitoring of the patients' complaints should be carried out when these compounds are used as a systemic treatment. Steroidal drugs used in this study, however, appear to be highly safe from the point of dose inasmuch as they are used as a topical treatment. PMID- 711035 TI - Relationship between the vascular bed and differentiating interstitial tissue structures during ontogensis of the proximal extremity in man. PMID- 711036 TI - The lymph bed of the wall of the calf reticulum. PMID- 711037 TI - Fractionation of rat telencephalic cell nuclei isolated at different stages of postnatal development. PMID- 711038 TI - A contribution to the special differentiation of the mitochondria in the cleaving rat ovum. PMID- 711039 TI - Studies on the neuroendocrine system of the grasshopper, Poecilocerus pictus (Fabr.) II. the Corpora cardiaca. PMID- 711040 TI - Fate of formation centres of Globuli cells of the brain in adult cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.). PMID- 711041 TI - Recruitment of cerebral neurosecretory cells from globuli cells in the brain of cockroach, Blatta orientalis (L.). PMID- 711042 TI - Relationship between fetal weight in certain congenital anomalies from the 28th to 42nd week of gestation. PMID- 711043 TI - The weberian apparatus in 18 mm embryo of Rasbora daniconius (Ham. Buch.). PMID- 711044 TI - Cytochemical demonstration of non-specific esterase in the cleaving rat ovum. PMID- 711045 TI - Annelid nerve cells. I. Distribution of neurones in central nervous system of Allolobophora with special reference to neurosecretion. PMID- 711046 TI - The conducting system of the heart in the syndrome of visceral symmetry. PMID- 711047 TI - Variability of the origin of the coronary arteries in basic ramification types in the prenatal in man. PMID- 711048 TI - The structure and functions of the olfactory organs in the fresh water teleost Notopterus notopterus (HAM.). PMID- 711049 TI - A new omomyid primate from the Wasatch formation of southern Wyoming. AB - A new omomyid primate, Arapahovius gazini, is represented by many jaws and teeth and a few tarsal bones from a 15-meter stratigraphic interval at the base of the uppermost one-third of the Main Body of the Wasatch Formation, south-central Wyoming, USA. This primate is a conspicuous element in a faunule which lived at about the same time as the fauna of the Lysite Member of the Wind River Formation, estimated to be in the interval 52-50 million years before present. Individuals referable to the new omomyid are chiefly specialized by the intricate corrugation of enamel on the occlusal surfaces of their incisors, premolars and molars and by relatively molariform posterior lower premolars. These specializations may be interpreted as adaptation toward a more herbivorous frugivorous diet. The tarsal bones referred to Arapahovius suggest that animals in this genus were habitual leapers. This new omomyid bears 'omomyine' and 'anaptomorphine' characters and may have been derived from an earlier Wasatchian (earliest Eocene) 'anaptomorphine' such as Tetonoides pearcei Gazin. Arapahovius seems to have had no phylogenetic successors. PMID- 711050 TI - Continual sexual receptivity in the female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). AB - Daily observations during a 5-year period showed that the mean frequencies of copulation per day during various sexual states of the female chimpanzee were almost identical, except for during maximum tumescence and lactation. The mean frequency of observed copulation peaked during maximum tumescence and was lowest during lactation. PMID- 711051 TI - Gut microflora interactions with two experimental polymeric food additives in the rat. PMID- 711052 TI - Intestinal absorption, distribution and excretion of an orally administered polymeric antioxidant in rats and mice. PMID- 711053 TI - Studies on the purity and short-term toxicity of ethyl methylphenylglycidate (strawberry aldehyde) in rats. PMID- 711054 TI - Short-term toxicity study of isobutyl isobutyrate in rats. PMID- 711055 TI - Metabolism of buturon in the rat. PMID- 711056 TI - Citrinin mycotoxicosis in the Syrian hamster. PMID- 711057 TI - Comparison of the efficiencies of ascorbic acid and sulphamic acid as nitrite traps. PMID- 711058 TI - Acute toxicity studies on roquefortine and PR toxin, metabolites of Penicillium roqueforti, in the mouse. PMID- 711059 TI - An appeal for reason. PMID- 711060 TI - Hepatic nodules and tumours in the rat. PMID- 711061 TI - Biphenyl metabolism on land and sea. PMID- 711062 TI - The nephrotoxicity of lysinoalanine in the rat. PMID- 711063 TI - Influence of ronidazole on chromosomes of the Chinese hamster in vivo. PMID- 711064 TI - Distribution and excretion of two phthalate esters in rats, dogs and miniature pigs. PMID- 711065 TI - Short-term oral toxicity study of diethyl phthalate in the rat. PMID- 711066 TI - Alteration of hepatic detoxication enzyme activity by dietary arsenic trioxide. PMID- 711067 TI - Citrinin mycotoxicosis in the rat. I. Toxicology and pathology. PMID- 711068 TI - Citrinin mycotoxicosis in the rat. II. Clinicopathological observations. PMID- 711069 TI - Mycotoxicosis produced in rats by cultural products of an isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus. PMID- 711071 TI - Effects of low levels of butylated hydroxytoluene on the prothrombin index of male rats. PMID- 711070 TI - Inhibitory effect of capsaicin on intestinal glucose absorption in vitro. PMID- 711072 TI - Trichloroethylene: hepatic effects, metabolism and elimination. PMID- 711073 TI - Carbon disulphide: still some way to go. PMID- 711074 TI - A new approach to investigating the genetic toxicity of processed foods. PMID- 711075 TI - Carcinogenic risk estimation for chloroform: an alternative to EPA's procedures. PMID- 711076 TI - [The effect of the kallikrein-kinin system on spermatogenesis]. PMID- 711077 TI - [Kallikrein and prostaglandin E-1--comparative study on the increased motility of spermatozoa by laser-doppler spectroscopy]. PMID- 711078 TI - [Therapeutic experience with kallikrein in astheno-oligo-spermia]. PMID- 711079 TI - [Therapy of subfertility with kallikrein]. PMID- 711080 TI - [Successful kallikrein therapy of subfertile patients]. PMID- 711081 TI - Evaluation of breath alcohol instruments. I. In vitro experiments with alcolmeter pocket model. AB - An Alcolmeter Pocket Model breath alcohol device, on an electrochemical (fuel cell) oxidation principle for ethanol analysis, has been evaluated under in vitro conditions. The result of a test is displayed on an analogue meter within 20--30 seconds after sampling: replicate tests may be made within 3--5 minutes. The electrochemical detector used was found to respond to acetaldehyde, methanol, isopropanol and n-propanol vapours besides ethanol, but it was insensitive to acetone vapour. The Alcolmeter response with a 0--2.0 mg/ml scale was linearly related to ethanol vapour concentration up to 1.0 mg/ml blood alcohol equivalent concentration; above this level the response was curvilinear, the Alcolmeter reading being too low. The standard deviation of an ethanol vapour determination in vitro was +/-0.0175 mg/ml at a mean concentration of 0.902 mg/ml. The accuracy of the device expressed as percent recovery at 0.50, 1.0 and 1.4 mg/ml blood alcohol concentrations was 96.8%, 98.3% and 88.3%, respectively. When the Alcolmeter was was calibrated at 0.50 mg/ml and used occasionally each day over an 18-day period, the drop in initial calibration was 0.01 mg/ml per week. PMID- 711082 TI - Evaluation of breath alcohol instruments. II. In vivo experiments with alcolmeter pocket model. AB - The precision and accuracy of an Alcolmeter Pocket Model breath alcohol instrument have been investigated in experiments with human subjects under controlled conditions. The instrument response was zero in all tests with breath samples from alcohol-free subjects. The standard deviations of ethanol determinations in breath were +/-0.0722 mg/ml during ethanol absorption and +/ 0.416 mg/ml during ethanol elimination. The standard deviation during the elimination phase increased with ethanol concentration in the sample, being +/ 0.0416 mg/ml on average at a mean concentration of 0.420 mg/ml, corresponding to a coefficient of variation of 9.9%. The blood alcohol estimates using the Alcolmeter were somewhat too high during active absorption of ethanol, and too low during elimination, when a constant blood-breath alcohol ratio of 2100:1 was used to calibrate the instrument. During the elimination phase of ethanol kinetics and at a mean blood alcohol concentration of 0.50 mg/ml, the mean Alcolmeter result was 0.456 +/- 0.169 mg/ml with 95% confidence, i.e. varying between 0.287 and 0.625 mg/ml 95 times out of 100 tests at this critical blood alcohol level PMID- 711083 TI - Biochemical reconstruction of three cases of death--results of international cooperation. AB - Biochemical serotonin and histamine determinations were applied to the reconstruction of three suspected homicide cases. To distinguish between ante mortem and post-mortem wounds and to time the ante-mortem injuries the concentrations of free histamine and serotonin in the wound samples and in the control samples from neighbouring intact skin were examined. The results of these biochemical determinations allowed a reconstruction of the events and one of the three cases was shown to be suicide instead of homicide. The methods can be used at least during the first 4--5 days after death and sometimes even longer. This allows for international cooperation when investigating and reconstructing complicated cases of death. PMID- 711084 TI - Post-mortem hypoxanthine levels in the vitreous humour. An introductory report. AB - Post-mortem hypoxanthine levels in vitreous humour were determined in 86 consecutive legal autopsy cases. In cases of sudden death caused by trauma or by myocardial infarction, levels ranging from 0 to 540 mumol/l were found. The mean value was about ten times higher than normal in vivo plasma levels. The hypoxanthine levels seem to be independent of time post-mortem, at least during the first 48 hours. It is known that augmentation of the hypoxanthine plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine levels reflects tissue hypoxia. In the present material no elevation of hypoxanthine levels in the vitreous humour was found in cases of strangulation or suspension, while statistically significant elevation was found in cases of drug intoxication. It is concluded that this may reflect the effect of drug-induced prolonged tissue hypoxia caused by respiratory depression. PMID- 711085 TI - The possible effect of hashish on leukocytes and plasma lipids. AB - The possible fluctuation of leukocytes and plasma lipids, 30--60 min after smoking hashish, was studied. Total phospholipid content in both leukocytes and plasma was increased in a similar way to the total lipid content after smoking hashish. Differences in most of the phospholipid classes in leukocytes and plasma before and after smoking hashish were observed while the values in controls and chronic users of the drug before smoking hashish were found to be relatively close. Findings are discussed in relation to the pharmacological action of the drug on liver lipid metabolism. PMID- 711087 TI - Sudden death due to congenital malformation of the left coronary artery: a case report. PMID- 711086 TI - Isolation of drugs from blood and tissues with XAD-2 bags. AB - Nylon bags containing 2-g portions of Amberlite XAD-2 resin were used for systematic analysis of drugs in biosamples. The procedure requires 10 or less grams of material, two XAD-2 bags, and enables rapid and economical isolation of most common drugs. The method was demonstrated on autopsy blood spiked withe 19 of the most common drugs, and was routinely used in cases of fatal and non-fatal poisoning. The eluates were clean and suitable for direct gas chromatographic and ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis. The procedure used appeared more convenient than XAD-2 column extraction procedures. Classic solvent extraction methods were usually less efficient. PMID- 711088 TI - Comments on "sudden infant deaths in Israel". PMID- 711089 TI - [Early socialization instead of resocialization. The hazards of early childhood deprivation for later criminal behavior]. PMID- 711090 TI - [Adipose tissue and obesity. Part 1: fat cell size and fat cell number]. AB - The role of the number and size of adipocytes in the pathogenesis of obesity is reviewed. The observation that hyperplasia of adipose tissue is associated with child-onset obesity was over-interpreted. Nevertheless most recent studies suggest that fact cell size and number are regulated and can influence food intake. The discovery of preadipocytes has opened a new field or research offering the possibility of new concepts in the prevention and therapy of obesity. PMID- 711091 TI - [Is the Atkins diet safe in respect to health?]. AB - The "Atkins dietary revolution" is a ketogenic diet consisting almost exclusively of food from animal origin. A similar diet was introduced as the "Banting diet" more than a century ago by the English physician Harvey. This carbohydrate-free diet is high in fat, cholesterol and purines. The measurable ketosis is a precondition for the effect of this kind of diet. However, the predictable hyperlipacidemia and ketosis are recognized health risks. Additionally, hypercholesterolemia is to be expected in a greater part of the adherents to such a diet. Even children under ketogenic diet develop hypercholesterolemia within a short time. A similar high-fat diet, known as the Sippy diet for ulcer therapy, was found earlier to cause an increased incidence in coronary heart disease. On the basis of the known facts the Atkins diet seems to be potentially hazardous to health, unless a controlled study is performed. However, considering the risks it seems very problematic to perform such a study. PMID- 711092 TI - [Leisure sports and health]. PMID- 711093 TI - [Serologic studies during pregnancy]. PMID- 711094 TI - [Prevention of special complications in gynecologic operations. Part 2. Prevention of adhesions in the peritoneal region, prevention of wound healing disorders]. AB - Own experiences in the prevention of certain complications of gynecological operations are presented. Prophylaxis proved to be possible intraoperatively in capillary bleedings and infections as well as postoperatively in disorders of intestinal motility, peritoneal adhesions and healing disturbances. The successful treatment of our patients in 1976 (1583 major operations including 158 patients at high risk) is summarized in suggestions for therapy. PMID- 711095 TI - [Physician and legal decisions. Aspects of the latest rulings]. PMID- 711097 TI - [Justus von Liebig's theory of disease]. PMID- 711096 TI - [Early diagnosis of genital cancer in women. Critical consideration of a preventive program in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 711098 TI - [Percutaneous kidney biopsy. Evaluation of a diagnostic method]. AB - The evaluation of the results of nearly 800 percutaneous renal biopsies, including biopsies in which insufficient renal tissue was obtained or histologic changes were non-specific, indicated that in 85% of the cases a positive diagnosis could be made. The liberal extension of the indication to percutaneous renal biopsy to include oligosymptomatic renal diseases, the nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure often resulted in therapeutic and prognostic consequences. Renal biopsy does not facilitate the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Uremia, severe atherosclerosis, small kidneys, advanced age and lack of cooperation are not contraindications to percutaneous renal biopsy nor do they increase its risk. Severe complications are extremely rare and are always secondary to retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Close observation and prompt treatment can always preclude a fatal outcome. Long-term complications are not to be expected. If the technique of percutaneous renal biopsy and its histologic evaluation are efficiently performed, further extension of the indications to biopsy could be medically sanctioned. PMID- 711099 TI - [Medicine and general knowledge in modern science]. PMID- 711100 TI - [Behavior of the fasting blood sugar values in diabetics treated with oral and parenteral pentoxifylline]. AB - Fasting blood sugar levels in hospitalized diabetics with peripheral vascular disease receiving pentoxifylline i.v. and p.o. did not-in comparison to a control group-show statistically significant changes during the observation period in well-controlled, stable diabetes mellitus (BS is less than or equal to 130 mg%); a decrease did occur in hyperglycemic patients. As a hypoglycemic drug effect was not demonstrable in the well-controlled patient-group, the decrease might well be attributable to improved dietary and antidiabetic care during the hospital-stay. PMID- 711101 TI - [The development of a general practice]. PMID- 711102 TI - [Allergic alveolitis. Diagnosis and therapy in practice]. AB - The diagnostic steps for the disease are listed and are discussed. The diagnosis includes: 1. the anamnesis, 2. the clinical examination, 3. the chest X-ray, 4. serological-immunological methods of examination including detection of antibodies, skin tests, allergen inhalation test, 5. lung function tests. The therapy consists in antigen exclusion and corticosteroids. PMID- 711103 TI - [Perbronchial lung biopsy and respiratory function tests]. AB - 27 patients with diffuse pulmonary disease according to X-ray findings were examined by lung function and perbronchial lung biopsy. The lung function tests are compared with the extent of impairment of lung function expected according to lung specimen obtained by perbronchial biopsy. It is shown that lung function is a good indicator if the lung specimen is representative for the disease, and that the results of perbronchial biopsy mostly are representing the disease. The use of perbronchial biopsy is discussed and shown in some cases. PMID- 711104 TI - [Juvenile hip pain. 2. Femur head epiphysiolysis, hip dysplasia, tumors]. AB - The early symptom in hip joint diseases in children is pain. Pain is localized in the groin and thight, but mostly in the knee. Other important signs are limping and reduced internal rotation. If a hip disease is suspected it is necessary to take X-rays in two planes. If diagnosis is early and special therapy started immediately, the results are usually excellent without deformation of the hip. Otherwise early osteoarthritis can develop. This is important because osteoarthritis in the hip joint is in 75% of the cases due to hip joint diseases in childhood. The problems of diagnosis and treatment of the most common hip joint diseases in children (transient synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteomyelitis, Legg-Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, dysplasia, tumors) are discussed. PMID- 711105 TI - [Allergic alveolitis. Diagnosis and therapy in practice]. PMID- 711106 TI - [Viroids. The structure of a new class of pathogens]. PMID- 711107 TI - [Death and dying in our time]. AB - As modern technical medicine more and more progresses, more old and sick people die in hospitals. Therefore, there arise new tasks of dealing with dying people and their families, which the doctors and nurses are not sufficiently prepared for. The question of telling the truth to the patient and accompanying him during the process of dying is a problem of communication between doctor and patient, connected with many emotional conflicts not only for the dying patient, but also for doctor and nurses and people taking care of him. Since the management of dying people is often inhuman, it is necessary to integrate the subject of "death and dying" into the education of doctors and nurses. PMID- 711108 TI - [An old man and a child. Biological differences and similarities]. PMID- 711109 TI - [Effect of fractures on the juvenile epiphysis]. AB - In a clinical and experimental study two factors have been found to be most important for the increase of growth after fractures in childhood: 1. Trauma leads to changes of blood circulation in the epiphysis. Changes in oxygen tension cause morphometric alterations of cellular and intercellular constituents of the plate as well as measurable changes in thickness of the plate and length of the cartilage columns. These changes are relatively uniform and nearly independent of the kind of fracture and its treatment. Growth stimulation by fracture alone is moderate, limited to the time of fracture healing and hardly influenced by implantation of metallic material for osteosynthesis. 2. Angular deformity stimulates the epiphyseal plate to spontaneous correction. This correction is mostly stimulated by the change of pressure caused by the muscular coat and only minimally by static load. Correction of angular deformity can only happen under simultaneous increase in longitudinal growth, as long as pressure in the plate is changed. If angular deformity does not lead to changes in pressure by muscular tension on the concavity of the fracture (e.g. recurvation of tibia, varus in supracondylar fracture of humerus, torsion deformity of long bones) no stimulation of the epiphyseal plate will occur. In these cases the increase of growth is insignificant. PMID- 711110 TI - [Supportive drug therapy of varicose veins with venelbin]. PMID- 711111 TI - [Intravaginal contraception]. PMID- 711112 TI - [New aspects in preventive medicine]. PMID- 711113 TI - [Experiences with replantation of large limbs]. AB - From November 1975 to August 1978 26 limb replantations were performed. All 5 lower extremities had to be reamputated. Of the 21 replanted arms 15 healed without major complications, 9 have regained sufficient function up to now; 3 others show signs of reinnervation. PMID- 711114 TI - [Drug emergencies]. PMID- 711115 TI - [Prevention in general practice: what is dangerous for liver cells?]. AB - The liver is engaged in detoxication and elimination of toxic-nutritional foreign material. In addition it is of high affinity to viruses and parasites. Different influences may cause pathological reactions, which are of great consequence to the normal and even more to the previously damaged liver. In general, interactions and cumulative effects of different toxic agents occur. The increase of chronic hepatic disorders in the last years has to be noticed considering economic and social medical aspects. At the first place of agents with a toxic effect to the liver there is alcohol, followed by hyperalimentation and malnutrition. Numerous drugs with different reactions to liver morphology, liver impairment caused by environmental influences and infections retain further places. Prophylaxis and therapy of toxic-nutritional liver damage is based on recognition and elimination of the noxes. Patients with chronic liver disease need a special management and consultation by their physician. PMID- 711117 TI - [The one child family, the family of the future?]. PMID- 711116 TI - [Alcoholic embryopathy]. PMID- 711118 TI - [Rehabilitation in ambulatory coronary groups]. AB - In Western Germany anti-coronary clubs are a relatively new form of organized rehabilitation and secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. At the present time there are operating about 120 such groups, sponsored by hospitals, sports clubs, groups of family doctors, educational organizations and patient selfhelping groups. The groups divided in "good risk", "bad risk" and "preventive" group play an important role in a comprehensive rehabilitation program. Their aims are: changing the risk factors and life style, easing anxiety, depressions, denial and overmotivation, improving life quality, reintegrating the patients into social life, improving physical fitness. Multicenter studies are necessary to find out, if Anticoronary Clubs are able to lower the mortality rate and the reinfarction morbidity. PMID- 711119 TI - [BCG vaccination and leukemia. Epidemiologic studies on the effect of BCG vaccination on leukemia]. AB - The possible influence of BCG vaccination on leukemia mortality of infants was investigated by various authors. The methods used were prospective trials, retrospective studies and epidemiological analyses. In some of these studies a protective effect of BCG vaccination was observed, in other studies no influence was found. Up to now this problem is subject to controversial discussions. An epidemiological analysis of the Austrian data using trend analyses, regression analyses and analyses of rank correlation showed an inverse correlation between BCG vaccination rate of newborns and leukemia mortality in the age group 0--5 years. From this correlation a protection rate of 0.77 could be calculated. PMID- 711120 TI - [The protein spectrum and its clinical significance. 2. Total serum protein concentration in hypo and hyperproteinemia]. PMID- 711121 TI - [Cytological smears in gynecological practice]. AB - The technique of gynecological smear is discussed. Since poor results, i.e. false negative findings, are frequently caused by an inadequate preparation, the possible errors in smear taking and their elimination are described. The validity of additional microbiological and cyto-hormonal findings in routine smear is pointed out. PMID- 711122 TI - [Post-pill amenorrhea and menarche]. AB - After stopping hormonal contraception, some women have temporarily impaired fertility. In a study on more than 500 women, using the age of menarche as parameter, it was evaluated which would develop post-pill amenorrhea. It was found that women with early menarche are emotionally more stable, get higher school degrees and have a more positive state of mind regarding sexuality, pregnancy and birth than those with late menarche. All these factors should be considered in patient care. PMID- 711123 TI - [Wound healing complications after obstetric interventions]. PMID- 711124 TI - [Possibilities of treatment in acute failure of the right heart]. AB - Acute right heart failure can be influenced positively by means of right-sided respectively left-sided intraventricular balloon pump and the intraaortic counterpulsation. Yet, due to a narrow safety margin one should not try the right sided intraventricular balloon pump in humans. Left-sided intraventricular balloon pumping immediately enhances cardiac output by 20--30%; the myocardial blood-flow to the subendocardium increases by 50%; finally the myocardial oxygen supply improves. Balloon inflation only during ejection time is demanded. So, up to 6 hours, properly timed left intraventricular balloon pumping does not damage left ventricular dimensions. The use of the intraaortic balloon pump was without problems. This pump device increases myocardial bloodflow to the subendocardium most effectively. There is a broad safety margin, too. Intraaortic counterpulsation should be started as soon as acute right heart failure is evident. PMID- 711125 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on changes in lysosomal enzyme activity in fatty livers (author's transl)]. AB - In order to examine a role of lysosomes in the pathogenesis of fatty livers, analysis was made on possible etiologic factors, clinical signs and symptoms as well as laboratory data of routine liver function tests in 32 subjects with fatty livers. Of 18 cases, enzyme activities of serum acid phosphatase (Acp), beta glucuronidase (betaG) and n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (nbetaG) were measured and compared with those obtained in 20 normal subjects. Subjective symptoms were observed in 75% of the cases examined, liver swelling in 56%, positive GOT, GPT and BSP retention were in 59, 75 and 68%, respectively. The activity of serum lysosomal enzymes such as Acp, betaG and nbetaG were significantly increased and their incidence was 28, 89 and 78%, respectively. In animal experiments, activities of these enzymes in both serum and liver homogenate were examined in rats with choline-deficient, ethionine-treated, and alcoholic fatty livers. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Lysosomal enzyme activity in sera and livers of choline-deficient rats showed a significant decrease in lysosome-rich fraction and a significant increase in supernatant fraction and sera. 2) The enzyme activity in ethionine-treated rats decreased significantly in lysosome-rich fraction and tended to increase in supernatant fraction. The activity of betaG in sera increased markedly. 3) In rats given ethanol for 4 weeks, the enzyme activity of sera and liver homogenates significantly increased in lysosome-rich fraction. These results indicate that the analysis of serum lysosomal enzyme activity, in the light of clinical features and laboratory data of routine liver function tests, is useful for the diagnosis of the fatty liver. A discussion is given of a possible mode of variation of lysosomal enzymes in rats with fatty livers. PMID- 711126 TI - [Effect of physical exercise on glycolysis in human red blood cells (author's transl)]. AB - Untrained healthy male volunteers were studied to observe the effects of physical exercise (bicycle ergometer, 920 kpm/min for 10 min, 15 min and 30 min) upon glycolytic intermediates in red blood cells. The levels of glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, pyruvate and lactate increased after each exercise. The levels of fructose 1,6-diphosphate increased and phosphoenolpyruvate decreased respectively only after 30 min of exercise. At the rest period of 30 min after 30 min of exercise the lactate level still remained unchanged, however all the other intermediates returned to the preexercise values. A negative crossover point seemed to exist between fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1, 6-diphosphate after 15 min of exercise. A positive crossover point was observed between phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate after 30 min of exercise. There were significant increases in hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activities, but not in phosphofructokinase activity after 30 min of exercise. These facts suggested that the increase in pyruvate kinase activity was due to the elevated fructose 1,6 diphosphate level after 30 min of exercise. A significant increase in plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity was found after each exercise. A close positive correlation was observed between pyruvate-phosphoenolpyruvate ratio and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity after 30 min of exercise. It was suggested that pyruvate-phosphoenolpyruvate ratio provided a reliable index of physical exercise. PMID- 711127 TI - [Diagnosis and problems of vibration disorders]. PMID- 711128 TI - Effects of phosphate deprivation on carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 711129 TI - Effect of catecholamines on insulin secretion and liver glycogenolysis in the rat. AB - The relative activities of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline in producing hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and glycogenolysis in liver and skeletal muscle have been studied in both fed and fasted rats. Independent of prandial state isoprenaline significantly elevates plasma insulin level. Noradrenaline has no demonstrable glycogenolytic action in the liver even at a dose of 1 mg/kg regardless to the prandial state. These observations suggest that in the intact organism enhanced insulin-secretory effect of isoprenaline counteracts and masks the glycogenolytic effect of this drug in the liver. PMID- 711130 TI - Recovery of immune system in diabetic mice after treatment with insulin. AB - In mice with alloxan-induced diabetes, humoral and cellular immunological reactivity were weak. The number of leucocytes, and especially lymphocytes, was reduced, and the weight and cellularity of lymphatic organs were lower than in normal mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with insulin reversed morphological and functional deficiency of the immunological system. Observed depression of immunological functions was attributed to impaired transport of glucose into immunocompetent cells, rather than to toxic effects of alloxan. PMID- 711131 TI - Adipose tissue cellularity: effect on insulin and thyroxine. AB - The influence of insulin and thyroxine on the cellularity of adipose tissue in the rat epididymal fat pad has been studied. Incorporation of (3H) thymidine into the DNA of fat cells and stroma was measured together with fat cell size and number in rats pre-treated with either one of these hormones. There was an increase in fat pad weight in insulin treated rats which was due to 'lipid filling' of existing adipocytes and not increased proliferation of new fat cells. Thyroxine treated rats showed a decrease in fat pad weight caused by a decrease in size of individual fat cells. Cell number remained unaffected by either treatment. PMID- 711132 TI - Effects of pinealectomy and of sham-pinealectomy on blood glucose levels in the alloxan-diabetic rat. AB - Alloxan-diabetic male rats were used to test effects of pinealectomy (PX) and of sham-pinealectomy (SPX) on blood glucose levels at mid-dark in the daily light dark (LD 12:12) cycle. Animals received a diabetogenic dose of alloxan 10 days postoperatively. Blood glucose was measured on days -1,1,2,3,4,5,7,10 and 15 after 8-hour fasts. Pinealectomized (PX) and non-operated (C) animals were equivalent in their hyperglycemia following alloxan. SPX animals contrastingly showed significantly less response to alloxan than did animals of the other two groups. This difference of the SPX animals was in terms of lower hyperglycemia, better maintenance of body weight and of survival. It is concluded that intracranial surgery alone (SPX) and without visible brain damage can affect mechanisms of glucose homeostasis, and that at least in some circumstances such a surgical effect is not only different from effects of surgical pinealectomy (PX), but is also probably not pineal-dependent. PMID- 711133 TI - Action of insulin on thyroid protein synthesis in dogs. AB - The study was performed on dog thyroid slices after in vivo administration of monocomponent insulin (carotid perfusion of a lobe: 25 mIU/kg/min for 15 min, and 2nd lobe perfused as control: saline) and after in vitro hormone addition (100 mIU/ml of glucose-free incubation medium). The 3H-leucine incorporation in thyroid proteins (dpm/mg) was determined following incubation of slices for 1 h and 2 h. Insulin given in situ significantly increased the mean incorporation into homogenate and cytosol proteins: about 130% after 1 h of incubation, for an identical hypoglycaemia in both lobes. When insulin was added to the medium, a similar response was observed after 1 h of incubation, the effect being less pronounced after 2 h but still significant. The sucrose gradient analysis of the soluble fraction showed that the stimulation affected all thyroid proteins. Polyribosomes isolated from in vivo insulin-perfused thyroids exhibited an increased activity when tested in cell-free system. These data suggest that insulin stimulated the thyroid protein synthesis in dogs through a direct action on the thyroid cell. PMID- 711134 TI - Dynamic evaluation of prolactin secretion with perphenazine in normal and hyperprolactinemic subjects. PMID- 711135 TI - Prolactin cell adenomas of the human pituitary. Morphologic features of prolactin cells in the nontumorous portions of the anterior lobe. AB - Twenty pituitary glands, harbouring prolactin cell adenomas, obtained from autopsy of male and female patients of various ages and dying of different diseases have been investigated by the immunoperoxidase technique in order to reveal the morphologic changes of prolactin cells in the nontumorous protions of the anterior lobes. For comparison, 40 nontumorous pituitary glands and 20 pituitaries lodging adenomas not consisting of prolactin cells have also been studied. In all four prolactin cell adenoma cases, the anterior lobes contained numberous prolactin cells outside the tumors, indicating a lack of involution of prolactin cells in the nontumorous portions of the pituitary glands. PMID- 711137 TI - 31P magnetic resonance of intact endocrine tissue: adrenal glands of dogs. AB - Intact dog adrenal glands were examined for their phosphate profiles in the 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer at 36.43 MHz at 31 degrees, and the resultant spectra were compared to those obtained from perchloric acid extracts of the same endocrine tissue. The adrenal gland presents a unique organ for whole tissue spectroscopy in that its phosphate profile shows a number of features which have not been previously observed in similar phosphate profiles obtained from other intact tissue preparations. A number of prominant resonances are observed in the intact adrenal gland which arise from phosphorus-containing substances that are not extractable with perchloric acid. The 31P shifts of these resonances indicate that they may arise from phosphorylated proteins and membrane phospholipids. PMID- 711136 TI - Specific weight loss in hyperthyroidism. AB - To assess metabolic turnover in patients with hyperthyroidism weight loss in mg . kg-1 . min-1 (specific weight loss, SWL) was measured by means of a new type of scale working on the buoyance principle with a minimal susceptibility of 10 mg per 100 kg. Weight loss rate was significantly increased in hyperthyroid patients (n=22;SWL, 22.0 +/-1.4 (SE) mg. kg-1 . min-1) compared to health controls (n=11; SWL, 10.0 +/-0.4 (SE) mg . kg-1 . min-1). The fall in SWL paralleled the decrease in thyroid hormone levels in serum in the beginning of antithyroid treatment and remained unchanged thereafter in spite of a further drop in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. After six weeks of treatment SWL reached the upper normal range despite hormone levels in the low range of normal. The findings indicate that the normalization of the basal metabolic rate as assessed by the estimation of SWL is slower than the decline in serum hormone levels. There was no correlation between thyroid hormone levels and SWL before initiating therapy or during antithyroid treatment (T4 vs. SWL, r = 0.22;n = 56). Thus serum levels of T4 and T3 appear to be rather insufficient indices regarding the respective metabolic state as estimated by SWL. PMID- 711138 TI - Changes in plasma amino acid levels during the human menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy. A preliminary report. AB - Fasting plasma amino acids have been measured in two normal females. In one subject changes in the levels of the amino acids have been followed weekly during four normal menstrual cycles. In the second subject changes in amino acid levels have been followed through a normal cycle, conception and early pregnancy. During a normal menstrual cycle it has been found that not all amino acids behave in a similar fashion. At least three distinct patterns of behaviour in respect of changes of concentration have been identified. In pregnancy it has been found that the depression in amino acid levels, reported by other workers in later pregnancy, in fact occur immediately following conception. The changes in levels of plasma amino acids which occur during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy appear to be inversely related to the reported changes in progesterone levels which occur during these physiological events. PMID- 711139 TI - Actions of salbutamol in late pregnancy. Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin, human placental lactogen, total oestriol and progesterone in diabetic and non-diabetic women during infusion of salbutamol. AB - The acute effects of salbutamol on the serum levels of hPL, hCG, oestriol and progesterone in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women in the last trimester were studied. I.V. administration of salbutamol in an increasing dose from 0 to 22.5 ug/min caused no change in hPL or hCG levels in any group. Progesterone showed a significant fall after 40 min in the diabetic group and a less pronounced, although still significant fall after 80 min in the non-diabetic group. The oestriol levels increased significantly after 40 min in the diabetic group while no significant change was noted in the non-diabetic group. It is speculated that the effects in the diabetic women might be explained by a redistribution of the available placental 5-pregnenolone due to an increased fetal conversion into oestriol. This might be due to an increased sensitivity of the adrenal cortex of these foetuses to a supposed stimulatory effect of salbutamol. PMID- 711140 TI - Effects of calcium intake and renal function on plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels in rats. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was estimated with a radioimmunoassay system which recognised presumably intact rat PTH as the major circulating species. A low calcium diet was found to increase PTH levels in shamoperated and in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. In rats with normal renal function, a low calcium intake resulted in a significant mean increase of PTH levels, while changes in plasma calcium, magnesium, phosphate and protein concentrations were not detectable; at the same time the ability of the duodenum to transport calcium in vitro was accelerated. In 5/6-nephrectomized rats, on the other hand, PTH levels were dramatically increased in hypocalcemic animals kept on a calcium deficient diet, while intestinal calcium transport was impaired. These data support the concept that hypocalcemia is the most important stimulus for increased PTH release. Since increased PTH levels can be seen in situations where increased 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol synthesis is known to occur, it appears that this metabolite cannot inhibit a rise in plasma PTH levels. PMID- 711142 TI - Effect of NH4 and Ca2+ on gluconeogenesis from lactate by isolate rat hepatocytes. PMID- 711141 TI - Experimental hypertriglyceridaemia and plasma PHLA in man. PMID- 711143 TI - Prolactin clearance rates in male rats. PMID- 711144 TI - Concentrations and chromatographic profile of serum GH in old ob/ob mice. PMID- 711145 TI - Heterogeneity of immunoreactive calcitonin in normal human thyroid. PMID- 711146 TI - Study of calcitonin heterogeneity using a radioreceptor assay. PMID- 711147 TI - [Covalent C-terminal fixation of cyanogen bromide peptides in the liquid-phase sequenator (author's transl)]. AB - This paper describes the covalent fixation and hydrophilisation of homoserin lactone peptides enabling complete C-terminal sequencing in the squenator. Dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide and 6M guanidine hydrochloride in water were used as solvents, ethylendiamine, hexamethylendiamine and histamine base as amino components. The diamine peptide derivative was reacted with the hydrophilic isothiocyanates I and IV, the fixed peptide was sequenced to the C-terminal amino acid, Histamine reacted particularly well and the program with 0.1N quadrol and the hydrophobic buffers was especially suitable for this derivative. The phenylthiohydantoin derivative of homoserine was proven in good yields. The application of this method is suggested. PMID- 711148 TI - Affinity chromatography of bovine brain beta-hexosaminidases with substrate as affinity ligand. PMID- 711149 TI - Effect of organic anions on bile acid uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 711150 TI - Kinetic investigations of liver microsomal esterases with oxazepam esters. AB - Hepatic microsomal esterases of the mouse responsible for the bioactivation of inactive (prodrug) esters of the centrally acting oxazepam were studied. The enzymes are situated on the cytoplasmic side of the microsomes. The esterases are partly solubilized and partly inactivated by homogenization in aqueous glycerol and treatment with deoxycholate. There is good correlation between the rates of hydrolysis and steric constants of the acyl moiety. Substrate binding increases to an optimum with the number of carbon atoms in the acyl moiety and is of hydrophobic nature. An attempt has been made to classify the esterases on the basis of the effect of inhibitors and activators. PMID- 711151 TI - Pentagastrin analogs containing alpha-aminooxy acids, I. Synthesis of analogs substituted at the N-terminus. AB - Nine new pentagastrin analogs containing a free or protected alpha-aminooxy acid at the N-terminus were synthesized stepwise. Analogs containing leucyl, norleucyl, norvalyl, L- and D-2-aminodecanoyl residues instead of methionyl residue were also prepared. The peptides were synthesized by the active ester method with subsequent removal of the protecting groups. The purification of the end products was performed by crystallization or column chromatography on silica gel. PMID- 711152 TI - Pentagastrin analogs containing alpha-aminooxy acids, II. Simultaneous substitutions at the N- and C-terminus. AB - Twenty-seven new pentagastrin analogs containing free or protected aminooxy acids at the N-terminus and D-2-aminooxy-3-phenyl-propionic acid, L-(4 chlorophenyl)glycine, L- and D-phenylglycine, or L- or D-cyclohexyglycine instead of the C-terminal L-phenylalanine and analogs extended by aminooxyacetic acid at the C-terminus, were synthesized stepwise. The end products were purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose or silica gel. PMID- 711153 TI - Pentagastrin analogs containing alpha-aminooxy acids, III. Biological studies and structure-activity relationships. AB - The stimulation of gastric acid flow by thirty-six new pentagastrin analogs administered intravenously, intrajejunally and intrarectally was determined in rats. Some of the analogs are several times more active than the pentagastrin (Peptavlon, I.C.I.) used as control. Unlike the control, some analogs are absorbed in active form from the jejunum. The N-terminal substitution with alpha aminooxy acids seems to increase the gastric secretory response, probably by improving the enzymatic resistance of the molecule to various enzymes. None of the analogs tested significantly inhibit the gastric acid output in rats induced by pentagastrin. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. PMID- 711154 TI - Diazoniobenzenesulfonate as marker for cell surface proteins: study of the surface coat of Trypanosoma congolense. AB - It is possible to label selectively the surface coat of Trypanosoma congolense with radioactive sulfanilic acid diazonium salt. As demonstrated by both sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, radioactivity is incorporated into only one protein, which has a molecular weight of 57 000 and an isoelectric point of 6.25. This indicates that the surface coat of T. congolense is a homogeneous layer, composed of molecules of one type of protein. PMID- 711155 TI - Structure and activity of insulin, XVI. Semisyntheses of desheptapeptide-(B24- 30)- up to destripeptide-(B28--30)-insulin with lysine or alanine in place of arginine in position B22: influence on the three-step-increase of activity in positions B24--26 (Phe-Phe-Tyr). AB - The desonapeptide-(B22--30)-insulin pentamethyl ester, protected with Boc- at the two N-terminal amino groups, was prepared as described in the preceding XVth communication[6]. The free carboxyl group of the glutamic acid residue B21 of this compound was coupled to the following synthetic oligopeptide esters (X = Lys or Ala): X-Gly-OMe X-Gly-Phe-OMe X-Gly-Phe-Phe-OME X-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-OMe X-Gly Phe-Phe-Tyr-Ala-OMe After coupling, the semisynthetic products were deprotected and purified. Their biological activities were determined in the mouse fall test and by measurement of blood glucose levels. There were no statistical differences between the values obtained for the lysine B22 and alanine B22 products. The three-step increase in activity due to the amino acids Phe-Phe-Tyr (B24--26) was still recognizable, but compared with the analogues containing arginine B22, the activities were very stronly diminished. These results are in contrast with the assumption that activity of insulin is dependent on the formation of a strong ionic linkage between the asparagine-A21 carboxyl group and any positive charge in B22. The results, however, demonstrate the high specificity of the arginine guanidino group in position B22. PMID- 711156 TI - The conformer nature of the multiple forms of beef liver catalase as obtained by biochemical and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. A model for the quaternary structure of the beef liver catalase molecule. AB - Two of the five multiple forms of beef liver catalase have been extensively studied using biochemical and biophysical analysis techniques. The two molecules, cat I and cat V, have different isoelectric points (pH 6.55 and 5.6), different surface charges (25.8 and 32.7 elementary charges) and display different numbers of primary amino groups on their surfaces. The numbers of tyrosine residues on the surfaces of the two molecules are also different (16 and 10 at pH 10). Since the two forms of catalase can be interconverted, the described changes may be caused by conformational changes of the four protein subunits within the molecule. This mobility of the polypeptide chains is also demonstrated by the different absorption spectra below 390 nm. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, the radii and the volumes of the two catalase forms were shown to be different (cat 1 is smaller than cat V). All five multiple forms of beef liver catalase are concormers of the molecule. A model for the quaternary sturcture of the beef liver catalase are conformers of the molecule. A model for the quaternary structure of the beef liver catalase molecule is suggested. It consists of a regular configuration of four prolate rotational ellipsoids (semiaxes: a = 52 A, b = c = 21 A) in close contact in which the nearest neighbour subunits are shifted by 37 A parallel to each other. Thus the height of the complete molecule is 141 A and the diameter 94 A. PMID- 711157 TI - Crystallization, crystal structure analysis and atomic model of the complex formed by a human Fc fragment and fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Crystals of the complex formed by human Fc fragment and fragment B (FB) of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus were prepared and the crystal structure determined at high resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement. Phase were improved considerably by combining these phases with calculated phases from the Fc component. FB is a small globular protein built of three parallel helices arranged in a triangular array. It binds by the first two helices of Fc and is attached to segments of CH2 and CH3. The CH3 module is unchanged between complex and Fc fragment crystals, but CH2 changes its position slightly relative to CH3. In addition, the upper third of CH2 is disordered in the complex crystals. Possible sources of this disorder are discussed. PMID- 711158 TI - Synthesis of protected decapeptide (B21--30) of human insulin. AB - The synthesis of the C-terminal decapeptide derivative B21--30 of the B-chain of human insulin (benzyloxycarbonyl-gamma-t-butoxyglutamyl-arginyl-glycyl phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-O-t-butyltyrosyl-O-t-butylthreonyl-prolyl-Nepsilon-t butyl-oxycarbonyllysyl-O-t-butylthreonine t-butyl ester, (XIII) by the fragment condensation of the tripeptide B21--23 with the heptapeptide B24--30 is described. Two new routes for both the tripeptide and the heptapeptide were established. A simplified method for the purification of O-t-butylthreonine t butyl ester was developed. PMID- 711159 TI - Inactivation of boar acrosin by peptidyl-arginyl-chloromethanes. Comparison of the reactivity of acrosin, trypsin and thrombin. AB - A survey of the reactivity of 16 peptidyl-argininyl-chloromethanes with boar acrosin indicated that these compounds as a general group of reagents were highly effective in the inactivation of acrosin since at least half of the reagents tested rapidly inactivated this protease at a concentration of 0.10 micrometer or lower. For example, Dns-Glu-Gly-ArgCH2Cl inactivates acrosin by 50% in 1.8 min at a concentration of 75 nM, whereas in contrast, a 14000-fold higher concentration of Nalpha-tosyllysyl-chloromethane is required to obtain an equivalent rate of inactivation. A comparison of the reactivity of acrosin and trypsin with the peptides of arginyl-chloromethane containing different substituents in the P2 and P3 positions suggests that the secondary binding sites of these two proteases are very similar. Reagents with homoarginine, lysine and D-arginine in the P1 position have also been prepared and evaluated, but these were considerably less effective than the corresponding arginyl-chloromethanes in the inactivation of both acrosin and trypsin. PMID- 711160 TI - Further studies on the membrane glycoprotein defects of S--s--and En(a--) erythrocytes. AB - Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic methods were applied to S--s--and En(a--) red cells as well as to erythrocytes from individuals being heterozygous for these defects. The results demonstrate more conclusively than previous data, that the glycosylated part of the MN glycoprotein is lakcing in En(a--) red cell membranes. S--s--U--erythrocytes either lack the Ss glycoprotein completely or contain a defective molecule which is devoid of the glycosylated part. Conversely, S--s--U+ cells exhibit small amounts of Ss glycoprotein which could only be detected when large amounts of extracted glycoproteins were separated. It is shown that this molecule possesses the 'N' antigenic determinant. PMID- 711162 TI - Crystalline [A21-desamido]bovine insulin. AB - [A21-Desamido]insulin is the major product formed during mild acid hydrolysis of bovine insulin at low insulin concentration. The derivative was isolated by standard procedures and its purity established by isoelectric focusing, disc electrophoresis and electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. The identity of the acid-transformed derivative was determined as [A21-desamido]insulin by the action of carboxypeptidase A, using conditions under which a C-terminal aspartic acid residue would not be removed. The biological activity of this crystalline derivative was found to be 15.9 units/mg as measured by the mouse convulsion assay. PMID- 711163 TI - Size fractionation of protein-dodecylsulfate complexes by liquid polyacrylamide contained in capillary spaces between glass beads. PMID- 711161 TI - Comparison of the kininogenase activity of human pancreatic trypsins and porcine Kallikrein on Met-Lys-bradykinin and human plasma kininogen. AB - Human trypsins 1 and 2 both converted Met-Lys-bradykinin to bradykinin and released bradykinin from kininogen in human plasma as measured by bioassay with the isolated guinea pig ileum. Porcine kallikrein did not act on Met-Lys bradykinin and released kallidin from human kininogen. Since human trypsin 1 is only partially and trypsin 2 completely inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, these data show that the criterion of susceptibility to soybean trypsin inhibitor cannot be used to discriminate between trypsin and kallikrein of different species. PMID- 711164 TI - Studies investigating in vitro the methylation of N,N-dimethylphosphatidyl ethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in human liver. PMID- 711165 TI - Hormonal control of invertebrate behavior. PMID- 711166 TI - Stimulation of maternal responsiveness after pregnancy termination in rats: effect of time of onset of behavioral testing. PMID- 711167 TI - Testosterone determinations in lines of chickens selected for differential mating frequency. PMID- 711168 TI - Mental health outreach staff help elderly hotel residents form tenants' organization. PMID- 711169 TI - Using biofeedback to treat muscle contration headache in a hospital setting. PMID- 711170 TI - A modified prayer book for regressed patients. PMID- 711171 TI - Mental health services: equity, quality, and constraints. AB - The current restrictions on resources for mental health care reflect political priorities rather than immutable economic forces, the author contends. He believes that despite the public cynicism about the motives of professionals who plead for additional resources for mental health, professionals have a continuing obligation to be advocates for patients and to lobby for universal access to effective services. In his view, the best use of resources would take three major programmatic thrusts: a full range of services for psychotic patients, consultation and collaboration with primary-practice physicians to enhance their skill in the management of psychiatric and psychosomatic problems, and comprehensive maternal and child health programs. He emphasizes the need for services for minority groups, who continue to bear a disproportionate health burden as reflected in longevity and mortality rates, and for increased funding for health research. PMID- 711172 TI - Developing a psychiatric inpatient service in a rural area. AB - An inpatient psychiatric service was developed in a community hospital in Appalachia by building on the hospital's existing mental health components, a comprehensive alcoholism program and an inservice training program for general duty nurses. In its first phase, the program offered a consultation service to help physicians deal with emotional problems of medical-surgical patients and a daytime therapy program for selected patients referred by the consultation service. In the second phase, psychiatric patients were admitted directly from the community and placed in wards throughout the hospital. Eventually a separate 23-bed psychiatric unit was opened. Between 1973 and 1976 more than 2200 patients were treated by the therapy service or as psychiatric inpatients. The author discusses problems that occurred during each phase of development, including a continuing shortage of nursing staff. PMID- 711173 TI - Meeting the special needs of Appalachian alcoholics. AB - The Appalachian Regional Comprehensive Alcoholism Program in Beckley, West Virginia, was established in 1972 to meet the needs of a four-county catchment area. In designing the program, planners took into account the special cultural and economic characteristics of the population to be served--individualism, isolation, religiosity, conservatism, distrust of newcomers, and economic deprivation--and set up a program they believe respects local norms. For instance, the program has been staffed mainly by local professionals. Individual therapy, family therapy, and crisis intervention are used much more frequently than group psychotherapy, and clients have a strong voice in treatment decisions. Local ministerial associations are involved whenever possible, and outreach efforts include home visits as well as the use of the media to disseminate information. PMID- 711175 TI - The roles of chaplains in community mental health: in an inpatient setting. PMID- 711176 TI - On an outpatient treatment team. PMID- 711174 TI - The alcohol emergency room in a general hospital: a model for crisis intervention. AB - The alcohol emergency room at Denver General Hospital provides a model for crisis intervention for alcoholics. The unit is staffed 24 hours a day by nurses. Patients spend an average of 45 minutes in waiting time and triage. About half the patients require inpatient treatment; the others are referred to outpatient programs. Unit staff emphasize consultation and liaison with other hospital staff to coordinate the treatment system and provide education on aspects of alcoholism. They also explain the patient's condition and needs to his significant others, who provide crucial external support. Staff currently see 400 patients and answer about 270 telephone requests for information about alcoholism treatment monthly. PMID- 711177 TI - The roles of chaplains in community mental health: in consultation and education. PMID- 711178 TI - The roles of chaplains in community mental health: as advocates. PMID- 711179 TI - Mental health training and consultation: a model for liaison with clergy. AB - A chaplain, a psychiatrist, and a social worker developed a program to train clergy in more effective mental health case management, counseling, and referral skills, and to sensitize mental health center professionals to the work of the clergy in mental health. The program consists of 12 two-hour meetings conducted by a clinician and a chaplain once a week. In the first four meetings, clergy are trained to use a self-report personal-data kit with individuals presenting with emotional problems. In the next eight meetings, clergy make case presentations that are used as a basis for consultation and group discussion. The project has established a firm basis for collaboration between clergy and mental health center staff in providing care. PMID- 711180 TI - Schizophrenia through the eyes of families. AB - The authors contend that families of schizophrenics have received too little help from mental health professionals, even though in many cases families are the real primary care agents for long-term patients released from mental hospitals. They discuss some of the problems that occur in living with a long-term patient and describe mutual-support and advocacy groups that relatives have formed. They emphasize that mental health professionals can help families of schizophrenics by providing practical, realistic advice on how to deal with the illness, by offering empathy and support rather than placing blame, and by working to ensure that there are adequate treatment and rehabilitation services available. PMID- 711181 TI - HEW proposes replacing CMHC Act with more flexible services managed by state authority. PMID- 711182 TI - No-fault malpractice insurance: Swedish plan shows us the way. AB - No-fault medical accident insurance could help solve some of the medical malpractice insurance problems that plague American physicians and hospitals. In Sweden, the Patient Injury Insurance Plan has been working for two years, and, with the statistics that are now available, the claims experiences under the new Swedish system can be compared with the claims experience in the United States under the traditional liability system. The author believes that an insurance system similar to the Swedish plan can work in the United States, but only if certain conditions are created. PMID- 711183 TI - Computerized systems cut dietary department's costs. AB - The department of dietetics at a large teaching hospital has substantially reduced its food and labor costs through use of computerized systems that ensure efficient inventory management, recipe standardization, ingredient control, quantity and quality control, and identification of productive man-hours and appropriate staffing levels. PMID- 711184 TI - Materials management cuts costs with internal, external controls. AB - A hospital's materials management division is helping to contain nonpayroll expenses, particularly purchasing expenses, through centralized purchasing, inventory control, a monitoring and projection system for costs related to procurement activities, and participation in a group purchasing arrangement. PMID- 711185 TI - Doctors, nurses must discuss differences, work together. PMID- 711187 TI - Survey shows link between life-style, health ratings. PMID- 711186 TI - North Dakota's health measure: clinically dead but clinging to life. PMID- 711188 TI - NAIC study update promises new insights on patient injuries. PMID- 711189 TI - Separate building for service functions features low construction cost, easy expansion. PMID- 711190 TI - Little change found in utilization statistics. PMID- 711191 TI - Synopsis '78: hospital cost containment stalled; few health bills pass. AB - During 1978, hospitals brought to Capitol Hill the heaviest barrage of information that Congress has ever seen about rising health care costs, the causes of those costs, and what is being done about them. PMID- 711192 TI - A legislator's view of the voluntary effort. PMID- 711193 TI - Education and training need to be brought up-to-date. AB - Training of hospital employees consumes a large segment of total hospital dollars, so it is important to document clear proof of value. If training programs are to be successful, they must be relevant to the measured needs of the institution. In addition to this essential characteristic of the training process, the author discusses six others that affect the outcome of such programs. PMID- 711194 TI - Hospital takes systematic approach to educational programs. AB - After analysis of its educational programs showed them to be deficient, Deaconess Hospital, Evansville, IN, undertook the development of a comprehensive, systematic program of education and training. First steps were the establishment of an independent department of education and the preparation of an official position on the use and value of educational programs within the hospital. PMID- 711195 TI - Emergency department key factor in hospital admissions. AB - A significant proportion of a community hospital's inpatient population is admitted through the emergency department. Administrators who are aware of the frequency of this practice in their institutions can schedule and staff services more efficiently. A 1975 survey conducted by the American Hospital Association shows that the number of emergency department admissions depends on hospital size, location, ownership, and type of physician coverage in the emergency department. PMID- 711197 TI - HANYS study shows regulations cost $40 per patient per day. PMID- 711196 TI - Alternative birth centers offer family-centered care. AB - With the endorsement of the five major health care associations involved in maternity/newborn care and the support of the American Hospital Association, hospitals throughout the country are beginning to offer alternatives to traditional maternity care. Alternative birth centers (ABCs) have sprung up throughout the country and are providing one-room, homelike environments for labor, delivery and recovery; Leboyer atmosphere; natural childbirth techniques; rooming in; and early discharge. Consumer demand has greatly influenced the changes, and hospital costs have been cut in half. PMID- 711198 TI - Nelson's cost plan is likely administration model. PMID- 711199 TI - Seven congregations and one hospital form coalition. PMID- 711200 TI - Brothers form Alexian Brothers Health Management, Inc. PMID- 711201 TI - Baptist and Catholic hospitals share to save money, improve services. AB - Highlands Medical Center, Louisville, is the first instance of a Baptist-Catholic sharing arrangement in the nation. Without attempting to alter the religious dedication or legal operation of either of the two hospitals involved, the Highlands Center arrangement helps the facilities and their patients to save money and the hospitals to provide their community with a greater range of services at the lowest possible cost. PMID- 711203 TI - CHA as an ecclesial community. AB - In discussing the CHA Study Committee's description of the CHA as an ecclesial community, Fr. Clarke explains why the committee chose this particular description and outlines in theological and pastoral terms what accepting this concept means for the present and future activities of CHA. PMID- 711202 TI - Anointing the healers: a consecration ceremony for all staff. AB - All persons who serve the Lord through their work in a health care facility should be considered healers and need to be made aware of the special charisms in healing. Among the means of accomplishing this are pastoral department input into new staff orientation, periodic workshops recalling the Church's commitment to healing, special days of recollection, Masses, Bible services, scriptural sharings, and prayer groups. Especially meaningful may be a ceremoney in which individuals are anointed with oil to dedicate them to the charisms of their particular tasks. PMID- 711204 TI - Theological and scientific understandings of health. AB - A pilgrimage to discover the meaning of "health" within a Christian orientation begins with religious and scientific definitions of the term. The ideas of thinkers such as Tillich, Hiltner, Lapsley, and Illich are briefly explored, as is the unrealistic American insistence on complete and constant physical well being. This leads to the consideration of a holistic concept of health and the suggestion of theological guidelines for a Christian approach to defining health. PMID- 711205 TI - A board searches for a CEO. AB - The board of directors of Mercy Hospital, Urbana, IL, recently chose to conduct its own search for a new CEO. Research on other self-directed searchers, delineation of the hospital's needs, and development of criteria for the CEO led to the screening of candidates. Both the board and the new CEO believe that the selection method--a time- and energy-consuming one--contributed greatly to the current mutual satisfaction. PMID- 711206 TI - Unions and health care cost inflation. AB - Since the 1974 Taft-Hartley amendments gave nonproprietary hospital employees the right to organize and bargain collectively, the rate of growth of work stoppages has decelerated and the number of man days lost has been reduced. Wage rates, earnings differential, and fringe benefits have not been significantly improved by unionization. And little evidence supports the contention that unionization has contributed substantially to the inflation experienced in the health care industry. PMID- 711207 TI - Needed: cooperation to create a health care data bank. AB - Only the best possible utilization of existing data collection systems and the cooperative development of more comprehensive systems will enable participants in health care delivery to control the vast bulk of health care data and thereby make more rational efforts to control industry costs and quality. Relief from the threat of antitrust action would facilitate such necessary cooperative efforts. PMID- 711208 TI - Hospital sued because of surgical resident's error. PMID- 711209 TI - Physician challenged closed staff in hemodialysis unit. PMID- 711210 TI - Hospital schools of nursing excluded from state funds. PMID- 711211 TI - North Carolina's regional program revisited. PMID- 711212 TI - Refinements in maintenance therapy benefit asthmatics. PMID- 711213 TI - A puzzling arthralgia. PMID- 711214 TI - Standards for evaluating surgical therapy. PMID- 711215 TI - Aftermath of a cesarean. PMID- 711216 TI - Drug-induced liver injury. AB - In the usual course of events, the liver detoxifies hepatocytotoxic intermediates of drug metabolism. But when protective systems are overloaded by normally harmless drugs, the intermediates can cause massive, even fatal, hepatic necrosis. PMID- 711217 TI - Material management Q's and A's: the related and varied functions of material management. PMID- 711218 TI - Activity measurement program system promotes productivity. PMID- 711219 TI - The development of a unique, pharmacy based, poison prevention program. PMID- 711221 TI - Carcinoma in situ. PMID- 711220 TI - How to implement case cart systems for central service and O.R. use. PMID- 711222 TI - The fine structure of human thyroid cancer. AB - This ultrastructural description of human thyroid cancers is based on the available literature and on our own studies of about 150 cases. Electron microscopy is an invaluable diagnostic adjunct to light microscopy, as it may eliminate inaccurate designations such as "small cell malignant tumors of the thyroid," which include tumors of different histogenetic origin with a different prognosis and treatment that share only a similarity in appearance under the light microscope. Ultrastructure is also of diagnostic importance in cases of medullary carcinoma that imitate papillary or follicular patterns or lack amyloid stroma. Its importance in separating follicular adenomas from carcinomas, however, has not been proven. In conjunction with other methods ultrastructural study might throw new light on the controversial classification of papillary and follicular carcinomas and improve our understanding of their different biologic behavior. Immunoelectron microscopy may help in solving the problem of amyloid pathogenesis in endocrine tumors and in charting the subcellular mechanisms involved in the production of multiple polypeptide hormones in a single tumor. PMID- 711223 TI - A re-evaluation of diabetic glomerulosclerosis 50 years after the discovery of insulin. AB - Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is a degenerative-proliferative lesion involving most glomeruli in the kidneys of all individuals with hereditary, pancreatic, or experimental diabetes mellitus. The exact nature of the lesion and its etiology remain unknown. Morphologically there appear to be two courses this disease may follow. There is a benign course, which occurred in 89 per cent of our series of adult diabetic patients, consisting of concurrent thickening of the capillary basement membranes and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. The benign course is slowly progressive over many years, and rarely leads to renal failure. The accelerated course, in our experience is always superimposed on the changes of the benign course, and consists of a more rapid progression with the development of glomerulocapillary microaneurysms. Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules, exudative-deposit lesions, and glomerulocapsular adhesions leading to glomerular obliteration and renal failure. Data are presented to support the concept that large Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules are formed by the organization of the glomerulocapillary microaneurysms. PMID- 711224 TI - Histologic changes in Paget's disease treated with calcitonin. AB - In recent years the use of calcitonin in the medical treatment of Paget's disease of bone has been gaining in popularity. Seventeen patients on long term calcitonin therapy showed objective morphologic evidence of improvement in the quality of bone matrix deposition, in the trabecular organization, and in the parameters used to evaluate the rates of bone turnover. The usefulness of bone biopsy and fine detail radiography of the biopsy core in evaluating the progress of disease and the effects of therapy is discussed. It is concluded that the longer the period of therapy and follow-up, the higher the proportion of patients showing histologic evidence of improvement. PMID- 711225 TI - Collision carcinoma of the gastric cardia. AB - A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower end of the esophagus colliding with adenocarcinoma of the cardiac end of the stomach is reported. The rarity of the lesion, its diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic implications are briefly discussed. PMID- 711226 TI - Localized congenital hepatic fibrosis presenting as an abdominal mass. AB - A six month old male with a liver mass localized to the right lobe that had the histological features of congenital hepatic fibrosis is presented. The mass was resected and the patient was asymptomatic 10 months after surgery. This case serves to further broaden the range of lesions with the histological features of congenital hepatic fibrosis; only one other example of localized congenital hepatic fibrosis has been previously reported. PMID- 711227 TI - Tenosynovial chondroma of the hand: a case report with a brief review of the literature. AB - Tumors of hyaline cartilage occurring in the soft tissues of the hands and feet arise by metaplasia from the synovium of tendon sheaths and have a benign clinical evolution. Although recurrences may develop, they show no tendency to metastasize. The majority of these tumors prove to be diagnostic difficulties because of the alarming histologic atypia they display. We report a case of tenosynovial chondroma of the hand and briefly review the salient features of these lesions. PMID- 711228 TI - Cardiac amyloidosis in hereditary neuropathic amyloidosis diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. AB - A 57 year old male first developed progressive neuropathy of the lower extremities and then similar involvement in the upper extremities. Two years later he developed dyspnea and then complete atrioventricular block requiring the use of a permanent cardiac pacemaker. An older brother had an almost identical clinical course, including the installation of a permanent pacemaker. Both died of left ventricular failure. An endomyocardial biopsy revealed extensive amyloidosis and fibrosis of the myocardium. This is the first report of a myocardial biopsy showing amyloid on electron microscopy. PMID- 711229 TI - The role of the clinical laboratory in assessing occupationally related diseases. PMID- 711230 TI - Immunohistochemistry of human cutaneous sarcoidosis: a study of nine cases. AB - Biopsy specimens of sarcoid skin lesions from nine patients with sarcoidosis were examined for the presence of immunoglobulins, complement (C3 and C4), and fibrinogen. Granulomas in all skin lesions were positive only for fibrinogen. The literature relating to the immunohistochemistry of sarcoidosis is reviewed and its significance discussed. PMID- 711231 TI - Yolk sac tumors with pure and mixed polyvesicular vitelline patterns. AB - Four cases of polyvesicular vitelline tumor are presented; two were of a previously unreported pure type, and the other two were mixed with endodermal sinus tumor. The morphologic features of the vesicles favor an endodermal origin, as originally proposed by Teilum. Marked specialization of the vesicular lining cells, seen ultrastructurally, suggests a differentiation toward gut structures and mature yolk sac. One case of pure polyvesicular vitelline tumor showed massive erythropoiesis. We propose that the pure tumor reflects an intermediate degree of differentiation within the selectively endodermal yolk sac tumor group, that is, a further stage of organization than the endodermal sinus tumor. In our cases of pure polyvesicular vitelline tumor, the marked degree of differentiaiton was correlated with an improved prognosis, as in the case of the possible homologue of this tumor, the yolk sac tumor of the infant testis. In contrast, the two cases of the tumor admixed with endodermal sinus tumor illustrated the low survival rate expected in the pure endodermal sinus tumor; in these cases the metastases had no polyvesicular component. Because of the significance of such a difference in prognosis we emphasize the importance of an accurate diagnosis, suggesting that a large number of sections be taken in order to demonstrate any endodermal sinus tumor component that may be present, and that the possibility of pure polyvesicular vitelline tumor always be considered in the differential diagnosis of multicystic ovarian tumors. PMID- 711232 TI - Genital actinomycosis and intrauterine contraceptive devices. Cytopathologic diagnosis and clinical significance. AB - This study from a community hospital documents the relatively frequent occurrence of Actinomyces in 36 women diagnosed by Papanicolaou stained cervicovaginal smears. Actinomyces was identified exclusively in patients wearing an intrauterine or vaginal foreign body (intrauterine devices and pessaries). By using fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled antiserum, the organisms were shown to be Actinomyces israelii in eight randomly selected smears. In five cases Actinomyces was demonstrated in tissues obtained by endocervical and endometrial curettage. Anaerobic microbiologic studies performed in 11 of the 36 cases showed a relatively high rate of recovery of Actinomyces (36.3 per cent) with a yield of four positive cultures. In two cases the isolated organisms were shown to be Actinomyces israelii. In the remaining two cases the exact species of Actinomyces has remained uncertain. Of the 36 patients with smear evidence of Actinomyces, nine (25 per cent) had pelvic inflammatory disease, a rate that appears to be much higher than the already high rate among all intrauterine device users. This observation underscores the importance and clinical significance of the finding of Actinomyces in the vaginal smears of intrauterine device users. Papanicolaou stained cervicovaginal smears provide a relatively easy, inexpensive, fast, and highly specific method for the morphologic diagnosis of Actinomyces and allows us to recognize at a relatively early stage a group of patients who are potentially at risk for the development of pelvic inflammatory disease and its associated more severe complications. The hope is that prompt identification of Actinomyces in cervicovaginal smears can help to prevent the more serious infectious complications in intrauterine device users. PMID- 711233 TI - Histogenesis of cloacogenic carcinoma. Fine structure of anal transitional epithelium and cloacogenic carcinoma. AB - The fine structural morphology of the anal transitional zone is described and is compared to the ultrastructure of urothelium and anal squamous epithelium. Electron microscopic observations in eight cases of cloacogenic carcinoma are also presented. Anal transitional epithelium is not highly specialized and incorporates features of both urothelium and squamous epithelium; slight urothelial differentiation is considered vestigial. Cloacogenic carcinoma is a specific morphologic entity, which can be distinguished from urothelial and squamous carcinoma. The "transitional" variant is composed of cells similar to the intermediate zone cells of anal transitional epithelium, an observation confirming the concept that the transitional form of cloacogenic carcinoma is derived from the anal transitional zone. The "basaloid" and pleomorphic variants appear to represent less differentiated forms of cloacogenic carcinoma. PMID- 711234 TI - Infarction of the lymph nodes: a cause of a palisading macrophage reaction mimicking necrotizing granulomas. AB - A case of multiple cholesterol atheromatous emboli with infarction in various parts of the body is described. The histologic appearance of infarction in the lymph nodes, a rare condition, mimicked that seen in necrotizing granulomas usually secondary to micro-organisms. PMID- 711235 TI - Long term post-traumatic retrograde corticospinal degeneration in man. AB - The spinal cord and brain of a man who died 18 years after a crush injury of lumbar segments contained some unusual lesions. There was a reduced number of myelinated axons in the corticospinal tracts as high as the fifth cervical segment. Such retrograde degeneration has been described in human pyramidal tracts only a few times. The results of reported studies of experimental retrograde degeneration have been inconsistent. The course of the fasciculus gracilis, as delineated by gliosis, was atypical, and an unusual glial nodule, possibly neoplastic, was present in the dorsal columns at C8. PMID- 711237 TI - Partial deletion of 4p16 band in a ring chromosome and Wolf Syndrome. AB - A new case of ring chromosome 4 in a 2-day-old female child with multiple malformations is described. By means of the GTG-banding technique, a karyotype 46,XX,r(4), (p16 leads to q35) was determined. The characteristics of the child's karyotype and the relationship with the structure of the chromosome, especially the location of the deletion that produces the syndrome, are compared with previous reports. PMID- 711238 TI - Chromosome 7 short-arm interstitial deletion (p14). AB - A 13-year-old girl presented with microcephaly, short and broad neck, low posterior hairline, congenital heart disease, limitation of joint movement, and mild mental retardation. Chromosomal analysis showed interstitial deletion of band p14 of the short arm of chromosome 7. The patient's physical and cytogenetic findings are compared with those of five other patients with 7p- deletions. PMID- 711240 TI - Types and frequencies of Q-variant chromosomes in a Japanese population. PMID- 711239 TI - Small metacentric nonsatellited extra chromosome: report of five mentally retarded individuals and review of literature. Contribution to further delineation of a new syndrome. AB - Five mentally retarded male patients with a supernumerary small metacentric nonsatellited chromosome were found to have many clinical features in common. The face showed characteristic small crowded features, the bodily habitus was asthenic, and the hands and feet had minor abnormalities. Renal anomalies were present in two patients. One patient had a myelomeningocele. Cytogenetic studies employing Q, R, and C banding in four patients showed the small extra chromosome to have staining properties compatible with an isochromosome of the short arm of chromosome 18. A comparison with previous case reports suggests a new syndrome. However, the identity of the extra chromosome has not yet been determined. PMID- 711241 TI - Partial trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 2 due to familial balance translocation. AB - A partial trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 2 (p21 leads to pter) was observed in a severely retarded infant with facial, skeletal, genital, renal, and CNS anomalies. The phenotypically normal mother and older brother had a balanced translocation between the short arm of chromosome 2 and the long arm of chromosome 14: 46, XX-XY,t(2;14)(p21;q32). PMID- 711236 TI - Male pseudohermaphroditism: genetics and clinical delineation. AB - The genetics and clinical delineation of male pseudohermaphroditism are reviewed. These disorders are categorized initially by their genetic etiology--cytogenetic, Mendelian, or teratogenic. It is especially important to distinguish cytogenetic forms, usually associated with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, from Mendelian (genetic) forms because in the former the prevalence of gonadoblastomas or dysgerminomas is about 15--20%. Genetic forms include (1) those associated with a multiple malformation pattern, (2) those due to an error in adrenal or testicular hormonal biosynthesis, (3) complete testicular feminization, (4) incomplete testicular feminization, (5) Reifenstein syndrome, (6) pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias, and (7) agondia, and possibly other conditions. Incomplete testicular feminization and the Reifenstein syndrome may or may not represent varied expressivity of the same trait. The designation pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias is appropriate only if constellations of clinical features are present and if no metabolic abnormalities are demonstrable. Etiology and available genetic data are reviewed for each of these disorders. PMID- 711242 TI - The effects of payoff on the visual processing of dental radiographs. PMID- 711243 TI - Some effects of chromostereopsis on stereoscopic performance: implications for microscopes. PMID- 711244 TI - Macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG): a novel protein from mouse lymphocytes--I. Isolation and characterization. PMID- 711245 TI - On the immune precipitation of phosphorylcholine lipids with TEPC 15 mouse myeloma protein and with anti-lecithin sera from guinea pigs. PMID- 711246 TI - Detection of a membrane-like IgM inside of murine spleen cells. PMID- 711247 TI - Comparison of human, bovine and rabbit secretory component-immunoglobulin interactions. PMID- 711248 TI - A suggested method for the resolution of Scatchard plots. PMID- 711249 TI - Humoral immune responses in foetal sheep. AB - A total of fifty-two foetal sheep between 49 and 126 days gestation were injected with polymeric and monomeric flagellin, dinitrophenylated monomeric flagellin, chicken red blood cells, ovalbumin, ferritin, chicken gamma-globulin and the somatic antigens of Salmonella typhimurium in a variety of combinations. Immune responses were followed in these animals by taking serial blood samples from them through indwelling vascular cannulae and measuring the circulating titres of antibody. Of the antigens tested, ferritin induced immune responses in the youngest foetuses. A short time later in gestation, the majority of foetuses responded to chicken red blood cells, polymeric flagellin, monomeric flagellin and dinitrophenylated monomeric flagellin. Only older foetuses responded regularly to chicken gamma-globulin and ovalbumin. However, antibodies to all these antigens were first detected over the relatively short period of development between 64 and 82 days gestation and this made it difficult to define any precise order in the development of immune responsiveness. Of the antigens tested only the somatic antigens of S. typhimurium failed to induce a primary antibody response during foetal life. The character and magnitude of the antibody responses in foetuses changed throughout in utero development. Both the total amount of antibody produced and the duration of the response increased with foetal age. Foetuses younger than 87 days gestation did not synthesize 2 mercaptoethanol resistant antibodies or IgG1 immunoglobulin to any of the antigens tested, whereas most foetuses older than this regularly did so. PMID- 711250 TI - Insect sex chromosomes: Part I--Differential response to 5-bromodeoxyuridine of the two X chromosomes in females of the mole cricket Gryllotalpa fossor (Scudder). PMID- 711251 TI - Effect of prolactin on testis of the domestic pigeon Columba livia (Gmelin). PMID- 711252 TI - Comparative in vitro metabolism of I-14C-oleic acid & I-14C-erucic acid in liver, heart & skeletal muscles of rats. PMID- 711253 TI - Changes in the composition of mouse brain due to experimental amoebic meningo encephalitis. PMID- 711254 TI - In vitro calculogenesis: further studies & comparison of different experimental models. PMID- 711255 TI - Concentration of glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, collagen & elastin of the aorta of some animal species susceptible & resistant to atherosclerosis. PMID- 711256 TI - Direct effect of drugs on intact sino-auricular node of dog. PMID- 711257 TI - Interaction of digoxin with adrenaline, acetylcholine & aminophyllino on intact sino-auricular node of dog. PMID- 711258 TI - Anticancer properties of isoniazid & hydrazine-sulphate. PMID- 711259 TI - Effect of copper intra-Fallopian tube device on the biochemical responses of rabbit Fallopian tube. PMID- 711260 TI - Influence of insulin & acetylcholine on transport of glucose & glycogen deposition in liver slices of pigeon & rat. PMID- 711261 TI - Screening of Mesua ferrea (Nagkesar) for estrogenic & progestational activity in human & experimental models. PMID- 711262 TI - Response of gastric motility to drugs in the unilaterally vagotomized buffalo. PMID- 711264 TI - A study of blood glucose level in the newborn--from birth to 7 days. PMID- 711263 TI - A longitudinal study of physical growth and morbidity pattern of small for date babies from birth to six months of age. PMID- 711265 TI - Clinico-therapeutic aspects of acute bacillary dysentery in children (a hospital study). PMID- 711266 TI - Therapeutic trial with syrup of metronidazole in amoebiasis. PMID- 711268 TI - Genetic heterogeneity in cataracts. PMID- 711267 TI - Clinico pathological conference. An infant with peritonitis. PMID- 711269 TI - Retinal haemorrhages in the newborn (an autopsy study). PMID- 711270 TI - Pretrabecular filtration in aphakic glaucoma. PMID- 711271 TI - Cartilagenous choristoma of lacrimal gland. PMID- 711272 TI - Partial coloboma of the limbus. PMID- 711273 TI - Laurence Moon Bardet Biedl syndrome (a typical presentation). PMID- 711274 TI - Nasal orbital dermoid. PMID- 711275 TI - Total superior rectus transplantation in lateral rectus paralysis. PMID- 711276 TI - An unusual case of synkinetic ptosis. PMID- 711277 TI - Malignant melanoma of the eye with secondaries in the breast (a case report). PMID- 711278 TI - Paradoxical lid movement. PMID- 711279 TI - Episcleral osseous choristoma. PMID- 711281 TI - Koch's cutis: (a case report). PMID- 711280 TI - Larval conjunctivitis. PMID- 711282 TI - Our ophthalmic hospitals and institutions--1. PMID- 711283 TI - Hypoglycaemic effect of 'Catalin' an anti-cataract agent in rabbits, (a preliminary study). PMID- 711284 TI - Treatment of keratomycosis with amphotericin B. ointment. PMID- 711285 TI - Hypertension. PMID- 711286 TI - A study of some correlates of blood pressure on its distribution in a group of sedentary workers. PMID- 711287 TI - A comparative study of precipitation-in-gel test and virus culture in diagnosis of small-pox. PMID- 711288 TI - Cancer detection in asymptomatic persons--a prospective study. PMID- 711289 TI - A five year microbiological study of cholera incidence in twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad during 1971-75. PMID- 711290 TI - A KAP study on MTP acceptors and their contraceptive practice. PMID- 711291 TI - A study on the source of tetanus in a large teaching hospital in Calcutta. PMID- 711292 TI - Abridged stay table for pulmonary tuberculosis patients in three selected hospitals of West Bengal. PMID- 711294 TI - Studies in Duchenne like muscular dystrophy of female children of Eastern India. PMID- 711293 TI - Efforts of Indian railways in eradication of smallpox. PMID- 711295 TI - Sickle cell disorder in aboriginal tribes of Chotanagpur. PMID- 711296 TI - Morbidity and mortality among under-5 children hospitalised with medical disorders in Afghanistan. PMID- 711297 TI - Growth standards for urban and urban slum area infants of Varanasi. PMID- 711298 TI - A study of maternal and neonatal factors in relation to perinatal mortality. PMID- 711299 TI - Urinary phenolic acids in Indian childhood cirrhosis and portal cirrhosis. PMID- 711300 TI - A study of incidence of different birth-weight babies and related factors. PMID- 711301 TI - Anthropometric study of inner canthal, interpupillary and outer orbital dimensions--range of normal. PMID- 711302 TI - Foreign body nose perforating the hard palate in an infant. PMID- 711303 TI - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia. PMID- 711304 TI - Volvulus of the caecum in children--a report of two cases. PMID- 711305 TI - Lumbosacral agenesis in a neonate. PMID- 711306 TI - Treacher Collins syndrome: (a case report). PMID- 711307 TI - "Long term use of cyclophosphamide in nephrotic syndrome". PMID- 711308 TI - Correlation between intestinal synthesis of specific immunoglobulin A and protection against experimental cholera in mice. AB - The importance of locally and systemically formed antibodies of various classes for protection against experimental cholera has been studied in mice immunized with cholera toxin. Groups of mice were given various numbers of peroral or intravenous immunizations, or a combination of both. Serum antibodies and antibodies synthesized by spleen and small intestine in vitro during tissue culture were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and protective immunity against intestinal toxin challenge was determined by means of a small bowel loop assay. Regression analyses showed a close correlation between the magnitude of intestinal synthesis of specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies and protection (r = 0.98), whereas neither the local formation of IgG or IgM nor the production of antitoxin antibodies of any immunoglobulin class by spleen showed any significant correlation with protection. The serum titers of IgG and IgM antibodies did not show any such relation, whereas the level of specific IgA in serum, probably mainly derived from the intestine, correlated significantly (r = 0.90). PMID- 711309 TI - Increased tissue conductance and ion transport in guinea pig ileum after exposure to Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin in vitro. AB - Prior studies had shown that Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin was able to inhibit water absorption in guinea pig ileum and to elevate the cyclic AMP content of this tissue, but was unable to elicit certain cyclic AMP-mediated changes in Y-1 adrenal or Chinese hamster ovary cells. Because water movement passively follows the net movement of electrolytes in the gut, this study investigated the effect of delta-toxin on ion transport in guinea pig ileum maintained in vitro. The transmural potential difference (PD) of guinea pig ileum was measured and nullified with an automatic voltage clamp. The short circuit flowing under these conditions (I(sc)) was measured, and the conductance was calculated (I(sc)/PD). Unidirectional (22)Na(+) and (36)Cl(-) fluxes were measured. In a glucose-free Ringer solution, delta-toxin caused an immediate spike in PD and I(sc), and the extent and duration of the spike generally increased with increasing toxin concentration. The conductance of ileum was increased by delta-toxin, and this effect on conductance could be blocked by lecithin, a known inhibitor of delta-toxin. Tissue in the presence of glucose did not exhibit a spike in PD or I(sc) when exposed to delta-toxin. In a glucose-free medium, delta-toxin caused a 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in both the unidirectional absorption and secretion of Na(+) and Cl(-), whereas the net secretion of Na(+) increased above basal levels. The observation that delta-toxin causes a prompt increase in intestinal ion flux lends credence to the concept that the elevation in cellular cyclic AMP, which occurs later, is a secondary response to the toxin. The rapid increase in ion flux may reflect the ability of delta-toxin to augment intercellular movement of ions across the mucosa rather than the stimulation of transcellular processes. PMID- 711310 TI - Pulmonary infection of mice with Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The survival of Staphylococcus aureus in the lungs of mice was studied under various conditions. Doses of 10(7) to 10(9) washed staphylococci were quantitatively introduced into the lungs after intratracheal inoculation in mice under either ether or sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Mice were sacrificed at intervals, the lungs were excised and homogenized, and the cocci were enumerated by plate count. The 50% lethal dose was 6 x 10(8) cocci per mouse, and mice died within 24 h but without proliferation of the inoculum. Mice given 10(8) cocci intratracheally under pentobarbital anesthesia regularly survived and eliminated the organisms over a 48-h period. The use of ether anesthesia resulted in persistence of the inoculum for up to 48 h, but the organisms were then eliminated. Inability to proliferate did not appear to result from a lack of iron because pretreatment of the mice with ferric ammonium citrate or Imferon did not alter inoculum survival. Staphylococci inoculated intratracheally in mice infected with influenza virus 3 to 21 days previously showed no enhanced persistence or multiplication. Cocci preclumped with fibrinogen, inocula mixed with 10 times the number of Formalin-killed staphylococci, or inocula of the encapsulated Smith strain did not survive any better than conventional inocula, suggesting that phagocytosis might not be the sole mechanism for elimination. However, a sedimentable fraction from normal or infected lung homogenates proved either inhibitory or cidal for staphylococci in vitro. PMID- 711311 TI - Immunoprophylaxis with BCG of experimental Echinococcus multilocularis infections. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that prophylactic treatment with BCG protects cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) against experimental infections with Echinococcus multilocularis; this treatment can, however, induce granulomatous reactions. In an attempt to identify a minimum prophylactic dose of BCG which would not induce granulomas, cotton rats were treated intraperitoneally with various doses of BCG (10(1) to 10(7) colony-forming units [CFU]) and then inoculated intraperitoneally with one brood capsule of the parasite. Consistent and complete protection was obtained by the inoculation of as few as 10(3) CFU of BCG. A dose of 10(1) CFU gave no protection whatsoever, and 10(2) CFU gave only partial protection. Doses larger than 10(3) (10(5), 10(7) CFU) also afforded complete protection but gave rise to granulomatous lesions. At the time of the inoculation of the parasite, protection coincided with a general elevation of leukocytes, especially cells of the monocyte/macrophage series. It is proposed that these results support evidence for the macrophage being the principal potential effector cell in hydatid disease. PMID- 711312 TI - Morphological and cytochemical characterization of cells infiltrating mouse lungs after influenza infection. AB - To initiate evaluation of the cell-mediated immunological response to influenza virus in a major site of disease, lung cells were obtained by transpleural lavage from lungs of uninfected mice and from those infected 3 or 6 days previously with 5 50% mouse infectious doses (MID(50)) of avirulent (P3) or virulent (P9) influenza A Hong Kong (H3N2) virus. The number of cells recovered by lavage was dependent on the dose, time after inoculation, and the type of virus used for inoculation. Although lavage pools were shown to contain peripheral blood leukocytes, this contamination was shown to be consistently less than 5% of the total leukocytes harvested. Among the ca. 0.75 x 10(6) lavage cells obtained from each uninfected mouse, about 90% were macrophages or lymphocytes in approximately equal proportion. T, B, and null (lyphocytes lacking theta or surface immunoglobulin markers) lymphocytes averaged 23, 9, and 7% of cells in these suspensions, respectively. After infection with either P3 or P9 virus, increased numbers of activated macrophages and lymphoblasts were observed. The major change during P3 infection was an increase in absolute numbers of null lymphocytes. In contrast, during P9 infection, T and B lymphocytes and macrophages progressively increased in absolute numbers while null cells decreased. These data suggest that cell-mediated immunological responses to influenza virus occur in the lung during infection, but that the responses to virulent and avirulent variants may differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. PMID- 711313 TI - Analyses of glucans from cariogenic and mutant Streptococcus mutans. AB - The extracellular, water-soluble and cell-associated, 1 N NaOH-soluble glucans from cariogenic Streptococcus mutans 6715-13 "wild type" (WT) and glucan synthesis-defective mutants with diminished virulence have been quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by methylation analysis and gel chromatography. The mutants synthesized more of a highly branched alpha-(1 --> 6)-rich extracellular polymer than WT, and some of this glucan was also found to be cell associated in all but one case. WT, in distinction to the mutants, also synthesized a highly branched, alpha-(1 --> 3)-rich, cell-associated polymer. Treatment of these two distinct polymer types with dextranase or an alpha-(1 --> 3)-hydrolyzing enzyme indicated they were composed of both alpha-(1 --> 3) and alpha-(1 --> 6) linkages and of alpha-(1 --> 6) with branches at the 3-position, rather than of separate alpha-(1 --> 3) and alpha-(1 --> 6) homopolymer mixtures. Gel chromatography before enzymatic hydrolysis disclosed a high degree of polydispersity in both glucan classes. After hydrolysis polydispersity was reduced, again without resolution of two glucan populations. These findings suggest that (i) there are two distinct glucan classes, one alpha-(1 --> 3) rich and the other alpha-(1 --> 6) rich in WT, (ii) diminution of virulence in the mutants is probably ascribable to a failure to form the alpha-(1 --> 3)-rich component, (iii) both alpha-(1 --> 6)- and alpha-(1 --> 3)-rich glucans are found in association with the cell, and (iv) both highly branched glucan types are dextranase and alpha-(1 --> 3) hydrolase sensitive, and methylation analysis and gel chromatography suggest polymers with highly polydisperse molecular weights which contain mixtures of linkage types. PMID- 711315 TI - Genetic mapping of mutations in independently isolated nontoxinogenic mutants of Vibrio cholerae. AB - Conjugal mating experiments were performed between donor strains of Vibrio cholerae carrying the vibrio sex plasmid P and recipient strains lacking the P plasmid. Donor and recipient genotypes differed with respect to toxinogenicity (tox), nutritional requirements, and antibiotic susceptibilities. Recombinants carrying selected donor and recipient markers were produced at low frequencies in conjugal matings. Mapping of tox markers was accomplished by scoring for the frequency of coinheritance of the donor tox allele with selected and unselected donor markers. Four independently isolated tox markers were analyzed. Each of these four tox markers was shown to be linked to the his-1 site in linkage group I on the genetic map of V. cholerae. In matings between a recipient strain carrying the tox-1 marker and donor strains carrying either tox-2, tox-3, or tox 4, all selected his+ recombinants remained nontoxinogenic. Matings between multiply marked strains demonstrated that the position of tox-1 with respect to other genetic loci in linkage group I is as follows: met-2--trp-1--asp-1--nal-1- his-1--tox-1. These findings demonstrate that a chromosomal determinant linked to his-1 in linkage group I on the genetic map of V. cholerae is essential for toxinogenesis and suggest that tox-1,tox-2, tox-3, and tox-4 may be alleles of a single tox gene. PMID- 711314 TI - Induction of a mucosal antitoxin response and its role in immunity to experimental canine cholera. AB - The induction of a jejunal antitoxin response was studied in dogs immunized with cholera toxin or toxoid. Single doses of toxoid given subcutaneously (s.c.) or of toxin given intraluminally (i.l.) were each effective in priming the mucosal immune system, whereas toxoid given i.l. was much less effective. In contrast, toxin and toxoid given i.l. were each effective as booster antigens. The local secondary response was rapid and brief, the peak occurring at about 7 days after i.l. boosting and declining by 90% after 2 more weeks. After s.c. priming and i.l. boosting with toxoid, antitoxin-containing plasma cells appeared predominantly in the portion of jejunum exposed to the i.l. booster. The appearance of antitoxin-containing plasma cells in jejunal lamina propria correlated with the amount of antitoxin recovered in jejunal washings which, in turn, correlated with protection against challenge with cholera toxin. Thus, lamina propria antitoxin-containing plasma cells appeared to be the source of protective antitoxin. However, after sequential s.c.-oral immunization with toxoid, protection against challenge with Vibrio cholerae far outlasted the major systemic and local antitoxin responses and was not obviously explained by either. These studies reveal methods for induction of a mucosal antitoxin response, but leave in question the mechanism of prolonged protection induced by s.c.-oral immunization of dogs. PMID- 711317 TI - Demonstration of three different subtypes of adenovirus type 7 by DNA restriction site mapping. AB - Restriction site mapping of the genomes of eight different isolates of adenovirus serotype 7 (Ad7) has been performed with six different restriction endonucleases. In this analysis, 37 different restriction sites were localized. Three distinctly different cleavage patterns of the genomes of the Ad7 strains were observed. These strains could not be distinguished by serological techniques. The following three subtypes were defined on the basis of their restriction site patterns: the Ad7 prototype, represented by strain Gomen originally isolated from a case of pharyngitis; subtype Ad7a, represented by the Ad7 vaccine strain and strains isolated from undifferentiated respiratory disease and from a healthy carrier; and a third subtype of Ad7, represented by three strains which were isolated from Swedish patients, all having pronounced clinical symptoms indicating severe systemic infection. A comparison of the restriction site maps of the protype of Ad3 and the three subtypes of Ad7 indicated greater differences in the position of restriction sites between strains of Ad7 than between strains of the two serotypes. This technique is consequently recommended to obtain a more precise definition of distinct entities of viruses. PMID- 711318 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of experimental Trichophyton mentagrophytes infections in guinea pig skin. AB - Trichophyton mentagrophytes invasion of guinea pig skin was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Biopsies were obtained daily for 12 days from experimental infection sites. Dermatophyte invasion, examined in detail by scanning electron microscopy of cross-sectioned, prefixed skin was evidenced by: the appearance of hyphae within the stratum corneum; follicular invasion by hyphae, which remained initially within the follicle wall; emergence of the hyphae from the wall into the follicular canal; proliferation of the fungus down the follicle, with furrowing of the follicle wall and hair shaft cuticle; penetration of hyphae into the hair shaft by subcuticular and transcuticular routes; and massive peripilar hyphal proliferation with arthrosporogenesis. A three-dimensional perception of the invasion sequence of a dermatophyte in guinea pig skin was obtained by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 711316 TI - Local and systemic immunity to influenza infections in ferrets. AB - To establish whether immunity to influenza infection in the ferret is local or systemic, two sites of challenge were utilized: the nose and the anatomically isolated tracheal pouch. Infection of either site did not spread to the other site, and challenge of either site resulted in seroconversion by 13 days. Simultaneous challenge of both sites 21 days after the primary infection revealed that prior infection of the pouch prevented subsequent reinfection of the pouch, but not infection of the nose. Thus, systemic immunity did not prevent the initiation of nasal influenza infection in the ferret. However, the duration of virus shedding from the nose was reduced to half of that seen when ferrets were infected for the first time, showing that the prior pouch infection did lead to a more rapid recovery from the subsequent nasal infection. Passively administered anti-influenza antibody did not prevent or modify the nasal infection, but it did prevent the pouch infection. This is consistent with the observation that an initial infection of the nose prevented pouch infection upon challenge 21 days later. The prior nasal infection also prevented the subsequent nasal infection. These data suggest that immunity to acquisition of influenza infection in the ferret is a local phenomenon, whereas recovery from active infection is influenced by systemic immune mechanisms. PMID- 711319 TI - Characterization of glucosyltransferase-deficient, plasmid-containing mutants of Streptococcus mutans LM-7. AB - The possibility that glucosyltransferase (GT)-mediated insoluble-glucan synthesis from sucrose is controlled by the 3-megadalton plasmid pAM7 in Streptococcus mutans LM-7 has been examined. A low-sucrose agar medium was developed to readily detect and quantitate presumptive GT-negative mutants. Such mutants were isolated from Todd-Hewitt broth cultures grown either with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate (10 microgram/ml) or acriflavine (0.5 microgram/ml) at frequencies ranging from about 0.01 to 1%. Independently isolated mutants had the following characteristics: (i) cells were virtually devoid of cell-associated GT and did not aggregate upon addition of sucrose; (ii) cell-free culture fluids synthesized 10X less insoluble glucan than those of the parent; and (iii) cultures grown with sucrose did not form adherent deposits on the wall of the culture tube, as is typical of S. mutans. Both parent and mutants formed relatively little soluble glucan in 1-h assays. Three independently isolated mutants and the parent were found to contain similar amounts of plasmid DNA. Analysis by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis did not reveal a size difference between the plasmids from parent and mutants. These results show that (i) S. mutans LM-7 generates GT-deficient mutants at relatively high frequency that still contain a 3-megadalton plasmid; (ii) both cell-associated and extracellular GT levels are depressed in the mutants, which suggests that these activities are directly or indirectly controlled by the same gene or by genes that segregate as a unit. PMID- 711320 TI - Ciliated respiratory epithelial monolayers: new model for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. AB - Hamster respiratory epithelial cells were cultured in a monolayer format, and 20% of the cells were ciliated. Mycoplasma pneumoniae attached to the epithelial cells in a neuraminidase-specific fashion and induced ciliostasis and cytonecrosis. PMID- 711321 TI - Long-term fecal excretion and resistance induced in mice infected with Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - European isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O3 and O9 were shown to infect but not kill mice, which became fecal excreters for up to 135 days. The mice challenged with 500 50% lethal doses of the virulent WA strain of Y. enterocolitica serotype O8 survived, and some excreted the virulent strain. This rodent model may be of value in assessing the ecological significance of rodents in the maintenance of Y. enterocolitica. PMID- 711322 TI - Enhanced glucosyltransferase activity in penicillin-treated cultures of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Penicillin-treated cultures of Streptococcus mutants GS-5 produced elevated levels of extracellular glucosyltransferase activity. PMID- 711323 TI - Protective effect of vaccination against Mycoplasma pulmonis respiratory disease in rats. AB - Intravenous vaccination of rats with either viable or Formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma pulmonis reduced the incidence and severity of lower respiratory tract lesions after intranasal challenge with viable organisms. Intranasal vaccination with killed organisms reduced the severity of rhinitis, but did not affect lesions in any other region of the respiratory tract. The maximum protection against upper tract lesions (rhinitis, otitis, and laryngotracheitis) was provided by intravenous immunization with viable organisms. Dual vaccination (intraperitoneal plus intranasal) with killed organisms provided no significant protection in any segment of the tract. However, these ineffective vaccine regimens did not potentiate the lesions. These results conclusively demonstrate that vaccination of rats against mycoplasma respiratory disease is feasible and also suggest that systemic vaccination may provide greater protection for the lungs than intranasal vaccination, at least when equivalent antigen doses are used. PMID- 711324 TI - Lung clearance of Staphylococcus aureus strains with differing protein A content: protein A effect on in vivo clearance. AB - We have studied the clearance from murine lungs of two strains of Staphylococcus aureus, one possessing high and the other possessing low levels of protein A.S. aureus FDA 209 and S. aureus Wood 46 were assayed for their ability to bind mouse immunoglobulin G, using an indirect radioimmunoassay. S. aureus FDA 209 binding of mouse immunoglobulin was significantly greater than that of S. aureus Wood 46 (118,909 versus 37,845 cpm). Clearance of these two strains from the lung after a 30-min aerosol inoculation period was not significantly different. The percentage of bacteria remaining in the lung was 49.2 and 55.0% at 2h, 31.8 and 33.2% at 3 h, and 25.4 and 17.2% at 4 h for protein A-rich and protein A-poor strains, respectively (P greater than 0.20 at each time). These data suggest that the previously demonstrated in vitro antiphagocytic effect of protein A may not be relevant to pulmonary clearance mechanisms. PMID- 711325 TI - Cross-protection in mice after immunization with H2N2, H3N2, and Heq2Neq2 influenza virus strains. AB - Mice were vaccinated with the influenza viruses A/Japan/57 (H2N2), A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2), and A/Equi/Miami/63 (Heq2Neq2) and the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase recombinants derived from these viruses. After infection with the parent viruses, protection was compared with serological findings. It was found that influenza vaccine protects not only against infection with a strain identical or closely related to the vaccine strain, but against heterologous strains as well. Vaccination with Hong Kong/68 and its neuraminidase recombinant resulted in a heterologous neuraminidase inhibition titer against Japan/57 and in a protection against infection with Japan/57. By contrast, after vaccination with Japan/57 and its neuraminidase recombinant, no relevant heterologous neuraminidase inhibition titer against Hong Kong/68 was observed, whereas a protection against infection with Hong Kong/68 did exist. A cross-protection between Hong Kong/68 and Miami/63, but no relationship in the hemagglutination or neuraminidase inhibition tests, was established in the preinfection sera. A one-way antigenic relationship between these viruses was confirmed by the rise of hemagglutinin or neuraminidase antibodies against Hong Kong/68 in the postinfection sera. No cross-protection or serological relationship existed between Miami/63 and Japan/57. Besides the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, a third factor, the "mouse-protecting antigen," was considered to contribute to the protection obtained. According to the protection observed, the mouse-protecting antigen of Hong Kong/68 virus is related to that of Japan/57 as well as Miami/63 virus. The mouse-protecting antigens of both Japan/57 and Miami/63 are related to that of Hong Kong/68. PMID- 711327 TI - Specific binding of staphylococcal alpha-toxin to isolated rabbit vagus nerves in vitro. AB - The binding of staphylococcal [125I]alpha-toxin to rabbit vagus nerves in vitro was a saturable process. The radiolabeled alpha-toxin binding was reduced by the coaddition of added navive alpha-toxin, indicating that the binding is specific. Sucrose gradient analysis of detergent-extracted complexes of [125I]alpha-toxin rabbit vagus nerves showed both high and low S-value peaks analogous to those observed with similarly treated alpha-toxin-rabbit erythrocyte preparations (P. Cassidy and S. Harshman, Biochemistry, in press). PMID- 711328 TI - Requirement for a radiosensitive lymphoid cell in the generation of lipopolysaccharide-induced rejection of a murine tumor allograft. AB - Lipopolysaccharide-initiated rejection of a tumor allograft requires the cooperation of a radiosensitive nonadherent lymphoid cell population and an adherent cell, presumably a macrophage. PMID- 711326 TI - In vitro colonization of Streptococcus mutans on enamel. AB - An in vitro model consisting of enamel from extracted human molars, suspended from wires in inoculated culture tubes, was used to study the adhesion of bacteria to enamel. Under conditions in which there was no macroscopically visible plaque formation, electron micrographs showed no bacterial deposits on the enamel surface. In samples where Streptococcus mutans attached to enamel, an extracellular, pellicle-like material was associated with the bacteria adjacent to the enamel. This material appeared to bind to the enamel surface and to mediate bacterial attachment. Membrane-filtered (Millipore Corp.) saliva deposited a thin surface layer on the enamel, but there were no observable alterations of S. mutans attachment to enamel pretreated with saliva. It was noted that Bratthall serotype c and e strains of S. mutans, when grown in glucose containing medium, attached, although less tenaciously, to enamel and nichrome wires. Chemical and gas chromatographic analyses of cell-associated materials formed by serotype c and e strains cultured in glucose-containing medium revealed low amounts of glucose-positive material and no polymer linkages characteristic of glucan; yet the same strains cultured in sucrose-containing medium had relatively high amounts of glucose-positive material, with polymer linkages characteristic of glucan. Serotype a, b, and d strains could attach only in sucrose-containing media. PMID- 711329 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity responses of experimental animals to histoplasmin from the yeast and mycelial phases of Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Controlled yeast lysate (CYL) and controlled mycelial lysate (CML) histoplasmins were produced from Histoplasma capsulatum grown in a nutritionally lean, chemically defined medium. The lysates were assayed for skin-test activity in guinea pigs sensitized by infection with the homologous organism. In some studies, nonliving vaccine preparations were employed also. Inter-lot biological variation was minimal, and 20 lots of the CYL reagent elicited strong dermal reactions with high specificity. Further, CYL reagents were nonreactive in guinea pigs infected with Coccidioides immitis, whereas the commercial Food and Drug Administration preparations cross-reacted to some degree. The CML histoplasmins were generally less reactive than the CYL preparations and exhibited somewhat more inter-lot variation in sensitivity and specificity. No correlation between potency and protein:polysaccharide ratios were observed with either reagent. An intradermal test with the CYL reagent did not induce significant changes in the complement-fixing titer of sensitized guinea pigs. Such changes in sensitized animals were elicited by a skin test with commercial histoplasmin. PMID- 711330 TI - Parameters affecting the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of immunoglobulin G antibody to a rough mutant of Salmonella minnesota. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies against purified lipopolysaccharide of the rough Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota. The time necessary for each step was investigated, and this resulted in a test that could be completed in 1 working day. Serial dilutions of rabbit sera drawn throughout immunization with the Re mutant revealed an elimination of the prozone effect upon prolonged immunization. We interpret this to demonstrate an increase in immunoglobulin G affinity for the lipopolysaccharide on prolonged immunization. We propose that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay prozone effect be investigated for use as a measure of antibody affinity. PMID- 711331 TI - Susceptibility of mice to acute and persistent measles infection. AB - Intracerebral inoculation of neonatal mice with the Edmonston strain of measles virus produced an acute, lethal encephalitis and thymic dysplasia in susceptible mice. There was an age-related development of resistance to infection. This resistance was strain-dependent and appeared to be associated with the extent of virus growth in the brain. Studies on the genetic basis for susceptibility, using hybrid and backcross mice, revealed that the principal determinant of host resistance to acute infection was a dominant gene or genes which segregated independently of the H-2 complex. A small number of survivors of the acute infection showed persistence of measles virus antigens in the cerebellum and spleen for up to 2 months after inoculation. However, the low frequency of this persistence indicated that, at this time, intracerebral inoculation of neonatal mice with the Edmonston strain of measles virus constitutes a difficult model for the study of persistant measles infection. PMID- 711333 TI - Rapid method for identification and enumeration of oral Actinomyces. AB - Serotype-specific antisera prepared against whole cells of Actinomyces viscosus, A. naeslundii, and A. israeli were labeled with fluorescein dye and used to detect and quantitate antigenically related microorganisms in human dental plaque. By relating the DNA content of the dental plaque microflora to the number of Actinomyces present in the plaque samples, a reproducible method was developed for specifically enumerating five serotypic representatives of this genus found in human plaque. PMID- 711332 TI - Infections of congenitally athymic (nude) and normal mice with avirulent and virulent strains of Venezuelan encephalitis virus. AB - Two strains of Venezuelan encephalitis virus that are avirulent for normal BALB/c mice inoculated subcutaneously were also avirulent for infected congenitally athymic (nude) mice of the same strain. Viremias were of similar magnitudes and durations in normal and nude mice. Brain concentrations were higher in nude mice with the one avirulent strain tested, although the periods of detectable virus in brains were similar. No lesions were found in brains, spleens, or lymph nodes by ordinary histopathological examination. Viral neutralizing antibody titers in plasmas at 1 to 3 weeks after infection were lower and more transient in nude than in normal mice, and implantations of thymic tissues into nude mice partially restored their neutralizing antibody responses. Concentrations of spleen cells producing antibodies that lysed sheep erythrocytes 4 days after inoculation of erythrocytes and avirulent virus into nude mice were above the levels of uninfected nude mice. These concentrations were similar in infected and uninfected normal mice. In contrast, two mouse-virulent strains of Venezuelan encephalitis virus killed nude mice faster than normal mice after subcutaneous inoculation. Yet concentrations and durations of virus in bloods and brains were not consistently different between nude and normal mice. There were perivascular monocytes in brains and slight architectural alterations of spleens and lymph nodes. Concentrations of spleen cells producing antibodies hemolytic for sheep erythrocytes 4 days after inoculation with erythrocytes were depressed in nude and normal mice by infection with virulent strains. PMID- 711334 TI - Pathogenesis of fever in delayed hypersensitivity: factors influencing release of pyrogen-inducing lymphokines. AB - In continuing studies on the pathogenesis of fever in states of delayed hypersensitivity, we have investigated the conditions for the release of an endogenous pyrogen (EP)-inducing lymphokine from draining-lymph-node lymphocytes of rabbits with delayed hypersensitivity to bovine gamma globulin. Using doses of 4 X 10(7) to 5 X 10(7) blood leukocytes (BL) as a source of EP, we found that ratios of about 5:1 of viable lymphocytes to BL were required to stimulate the BL to produce detectable amounts of EP in vitro. Both irradiated lymphocytes (1,700 R) as well as those from steroid-treated donors retained their ability to activate BL when incubated with antigen, properties consistent with activated "T" lymphocytes. In experiments to determine effects of temperature and duration of incubation on lymphokine release, the maximum EP-releasing activity was found to be present in supernatants of sensitized lymphocytes incubated with antigen for 18 h at 37 degrees C. These studies have confirmed that sensitized lymphocytes release a soluble, pyrogen-inducing lymphokine when incubated with antigen and further demonstrate that tissue macrophages (Kupffer cells) as well as BL can be activated to produce EP in vitro by this agent. PMID- 711335 TI - Pathogenesis of fever in delayed hypersensitivity: role of monocytes. AB - The present studies were designed to investigate the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of fever in delayed hypersensitivity. Adherent rabbit blood monocytes (from both normal and sensitized donors) were separated on Ficoll Hypaque gradients and incubated with antigen (Ag; ovalbumin) and sensitized draining-lymph-node lymphocytes (or their supernatants) from rabbits with delayed hypersensitivity, and release of endogenous pyrogen was assayed. Results indicated that monocytes are activated to produce endogenous pyrogen by Ag and suspensions of draining-lymph-node cells or by an agent (lymphokine) in the supernatants of sensitized lymphocytes preincubated with Ag. The release of lymphokine was Ag specific and was correlated with the skin test reactivity of the donor rabbits to the sensitizing Ag. No evidence was found that Ag-antibody complexes or (in the case of sensitized monocytes) cytophilic antibodies play a role in the activity of this lymphokine which appears to act selectively on monocytes rather than on granulocytes. PMID- 711336 TI - Bacteriology of human experimental gingivitis: effect of plaque age. AB - Twenty-five subjects with previously excellent hygiene and healthy gingiva developed heavy plaque accumulations and bleeding or nonbleeding gingivitis about certain papilla after 21 days of no oral hygiene. Gingival marginal plaque about a single papilla was collected at 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks of no oral hygiene in each subject. The plaque was dispersed, serially diluted, and plated on MM10 sucrose agar in an oxygen-free atmosphere. From 50 to 100 colonies from a single high dilution plate were characterized for each sample. Over 8,500 isolates were partially characterized and placed into one of 29 taxonomic species or groups. The flora was predominantly gram-positive at all time periods. Streptococcal species dominated in the 0- and 1-week-old plaques, i.e. 62 and 43% of the colonyforming units (CFU), but dropped to 26 to 32% of the CFU in the 2- and 3 week-old plaques. Actinomyces species dominated in the older plaques, i.e., 40 to 50% of the CFU. Actinomyces israelii was the most prominent species in the older plaques. Veillonella accounted for 15 to 20% of the CFU at all time periods. Although the other gram-negative species increased with time, collectively they averaged less than 5% of the CFU at week 3. The shift from a Streptococcus dominated plaque to an Actinomyces-dominated plaque was the most striking microbial change observed as the plaque aged. PMID- 711337 TI - Bacteriology of human experimental gingivitis: effect of plaque and gingivitis score. AB - The plaque flora isolated from discrete dentogingival sites during a human gingivitis experiment was analyzed as a function of the plaque score and of the gingivitis score. When the gingivitis score was plotted as a function of the plaque score, a nonbleeding gingivitis was associated with a proportional increase in the Actinomyces sp. at the expense of the Streptococcus sp. In particular, the percentage of Actinomyces israelii increased significantly, while the percent Streptococcus sanguis decreased significantly. A. israelii also increased significantly when a bleeding gingivitis developed. When the plaque score was plotted as a function of the gingivitis score, A. israelii increased significantly as the nonbleeding gingivitis developed, but A. viscosus and Bacteroides melaninogenicus increased significantly when the bleeding gingivitis developed. The availability of a sufficient number of plaques with a plaque score of 2.0 permitted the examination of the interrelationship of gingivitis and flora minus the effect of plaque biomass. The bacteriological profile showed that when bleeding occurred, the levels and proportions of A. viscosus and B. melaninogenicus increased significantly. These findings raise the possibility that proportional changes in the gingival plaque flora may uniquely contribute to the development of gingival inflammation in this experimental model. PMID- 711338 TI - Effects of local immunization with glucosyltransferase fractions from Streptococcus mutans on dental caries in hamsters caused by homologous and heterologous serotypes of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Seven serotypes of Streptococcus mutans have been identified. The biochemical, genetic, and serological characteristics of these serotypes have indicated that certain serotypes are quite similar, whereas others are quite distinct. The effect of local immunization with glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzymes from serotypes a, c, or g on infection and disease caused by homologous or heterologous cariogenic S. mutans is reported. Organisms with either similar (a and g) or different (c and g) biochemical and serological characteristics were selected for heterologous challenge. NIH white hamsters were injected four times at weekly intervals with GTF prepared by 6 M guanidine-hydrochloride elution from water-insoluble glucan of serotypes a, c, or g, which resulted in enzyme (homologous) inhibitory activity in sera and salivas. After infection of GTF immunized and sham-immunized groups of hamsters with cariogenic S. mutans of the same serotype as the injected antigen (homologous infection) or with S. mutans of a different serotype from the injected antigen (heterologous infection), the numbers of streptomycin-labeled S. mutans, caries, and lesions were determined. Immunization with GTF preparations from each of the three serotypes resulted in statistically significant reductions in the extent of infection and disease and number of lesions caused by infections with homologous cariogenic S. mutans. Statistically significant reductions in these three parameters were also observed in groups immunized with enzyme from serotype a (strain E49) and challenged with cariogenic serotype g (strain 6715) organisms; or immunized with enzyme from serotype c (strain Ingbritt) and challenged with cariogenic serotype g (strain 6715) organisms; or immunized with enzyme from serotype g (strain 6715) and challenged with cariogenic serotype c (strain Ingbritt) organisms. These studies suggest that soluble antigen preparations containing GTF from one serotype may elicit a protective immune response against infection with cariogenic S. mutans from many or possibly all serotypes. PMID- 711339 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulins and antibody titers in mumps meningitis and aseptic meningitis of other etiology. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from 19 patients with mumps meningitis and 19 patients with meningitis of other etiology were investigated on two or more occasions for at least 1 month after onset. Intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin (Ig) G was found in 55%, of IgA in 26%, and of IgM in 24% of the patients. Oligoclonal Ig was demonstrable by agarose gel electrophoresis in 37% of the patients, mostly already during the first week after onset, and could persist for years. Mumps virus antibody synthesis within the central nervous system occurred in 37% of the mumps meningitis patients. The inflammatory reaction within the central nervous system as reflected by mononuclear pleocytosis, Ig synthesis, and oligoclonal Ig was not correlated to the clinical course. The blood-brain barrier was evaluated by determination of the CSF total protein, CSF/serum albumin ratio, and CSF/serum alpha2-macroglobulin ratio. A significant correlation was found among these three parameters. Persistence of the elevated CSF/serum albumin ratio seems to influence prognosis, and this parameter is recommended for evaluation of the blood-brain barrier function. PMID- 711340 TI - Chemotaxigenic activity of extracts from the mycelial and spherule phases of Coccidioides immitis for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - In order to further characterize human host defenses against Coccidioides immitis, extracts of this fungus were tested in vitro for their ability to attract polymorphonuclear leukocytes derived from peripheral blood of uninfected subjects. Soluble substances prepared from the mycelial (saprophytic) and spherule (tissue) phases exhibited, in the presence of serum, dose-dependent chemotactic activity. The dose-response correlations were different. The spherule derived preparation showed decreased activity at the high concentrations, a diminution not observed with equivalent concentrations of the mycelial filtrate. Chemotactic activity was not observed with either substance in the absence of serum or if heat-inactivated serum was substituted. Because the response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to these fungal substances appears complement mediated, a selective cellular defect in this function which antedates exposure to C. immitis seems unlikely. PMID- 711341 TI - Antigens of Streptococcus sanguis: purification and characterization of the b antigen. AB - The antigen defining Streptococcus sanguis serotype 2 has been designated the b antigen. This antigen can be detected in extracts, obtained from whole cells by autoclaving (Rantz and Randall extraction), as a single precipitin band using a reference antiserum (M-5). However, the extract can also be shown to contain a teichoic acid using anti-polyglycerol phosphate serum. This teichoic acid does not contain the antigenic determinant for group H specificity. Studies of the b antigen have been hampered because of the difficulty in separating the b antigen from the teichoic acid using ion-exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. However, a relatively pure preparation has been obtained by affinity chromatography using anti-polyglycerol phosphate serum coupled to Sepharose. The isolated b antigen is a typical streptococcal cell wall polysaccharide composed of glucose, rhamnose, and N-acetylglucosamine in a molar ratio of 2.5:1.0:0.1. The antigen appears to have a single antigenic determinant closely related to isomaltose (glucose alpha-1,6-glucoside) based upon hapten inhibition studies. PMID- 711342 TI - Effect of cortisol on the growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in McCoy cells. AB - The number of intracytoplasmic inclusions of Chlamydia trachomatis produced in McCoy cell monolayer cultures infected with a constant inoculum of a recently isolated genital strain was compared in cultures of untreated replicating cells and in monolayers which had been incubated in the presence of cortisol at initial extracellular concentrations between 0.0001 and 100 microgram/ml. The effect of adding cortisol was dependent on its concentration, on the time of addition to the tissue culture medium, and on the initial number of McCoy cells seeded to form the monolayer. When a concentration of 1.0 microgram/ml was added at the time of infection with C. trachomatis, the number of inclusions detectable after a further 48 h of incubation was increased by 1.84-fold over those detected in untreated cells. The mean size of inclusions and the ease of their recognition in McCoy cell cultures was also increased by this procedure. PMID- 711343 TI - Polymorphonuclear cell function in the various polar types of leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility, both in vivo and in vitro, and reduction of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium was studied in tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy patients and a group of lepromatous patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). A profound defect in random migration, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis was found in lepromatous patients with and without complicating ENL, and marked depletion of skin window migration confirmed these in vitro findings. Tuberculoid patients exhibited a mild defect in polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility. Serum inhibitors of normal polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis were found in all types of leprosy, but sera from lepromatous and ENL patients were most inhibitory. Resting levels of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction were normal in all three groups. Reconstitution of polymorphonuclear leukocyte cells from normal and ENL patients with ENL serum, however, showed increased Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction well above the normal range, whereas reconstitution with normal, lepromatous, and tuberculoid sera failed to increase Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction above the normal values. PMID- 711344 TI - Cytotoxic activity of Aeromonas hydrophila. AB - Most strains of Aeromonas hydrophila tested demonstrated cytotoxic activity on several tissue-cultured cell lines. The cytotoxin is heat-labile, non-dialyzable, and immunologically distinct from that of Shigella dysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens. None of the aeromonas isolates was found to be enterotoxigenic by either tissue culture or rabbit ileal loop assays. PMID- 711345 TI - Effects of artificial hair-waving on hair mercury values. PMID- 711346 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic procedure for quantitative determination of urinary phenylglyoxylic, mandelic, and hippuric acids as indices of styrene exposure. PMID- 711347 TI - Exposure of passive smokers to tobacco smoke constituents. PMID- 711348 TI - [Biochemical examinations and measurements of conduction velocity of trichloroethylene exposed persons (author's transl)]. PMID- 711349 TI - Biologic monitoring of persons exposed to furfural vapors. PMID- 711350 TI - Solvent exposure in a shoe upper factory. PMID- 711352 TI - A study on the labeling of o-iodohippuric acid with 123I. PMID- 711351 TI - Influence of carbon disulphide on metabolic processes in the aorta wall: study of the rate of cholesterol synthesis and the rate of influx of 14C -cholesterol from serum into the aorta wall. PMID- 711354 TI - The lipoprotein-lipase activity of adipose tissue from different sites in obese women and relationship to cell size. AB - The lipoprotein-lipase activities (LPLA) and fat cell sizes were determined in subcutaneous, adipose tissue from four different sites in a group of 17 obese women. The LPLA per gram and per cell were significantly higher in the adipose tissue from gluteal and femoral sites than in tissue from the abdominal site. The degree of obesity of the subjects, as reflected in the fat cell size, was correlated with the LPLA per cell, so that large cells contained more LPLA per cell than small cells. On the other hand, no correlation was found between the cell size and the LPLA per gram. Intra-individually, the cell weight was related also to the LPLA per gram, so that sites with large fat cells also had high concentrations of LPLA per gram. The interpretation of the results with regard to obesity and to the variation in size of fat depots in an individual is discussed. PMID- 711353 TI - Some aspects of the relationship between body weight and sexual behaviour with particular reference to massive obesity and anorexia nervosa. AB - There is some evidence for the existence of a precise weight/fat threshold for puberty. Following puberty, body weight and shape take on important new psycho social significances for both males and females. Adolescent females usually strive to reduce their 'fatness' even it is not excessive from a biological standpoint. Super-obesity and anorexia nervosa are two human disorders of weight and fatness, more common in women, and importantly related to disturbances of sexual behavior, metabolic, social and experiential. These latter aspects sometimes at least reflect the presence of several factors which have contributed to the development of the disorders. Anorexia nervosa in particular reflects the adaptive psychosocial needs of the person concerned. Attention to this aspect during treatment will often allow the patient to tolerate the major weight gain required for recovery, thereby at the same time providing a paradigm for aspects of the pubertal process which can then be studied. The results of some such investigations together with related studies of the super-obese are reported here. PMID- 711355 TI - An evaluation of the efficacy and acceptability of 'Slender' in refractory obesity. AB - A formula diet 'Slender' was assessed in 55 patients with refractory obesity. During the initial 12 weeks of the study, the subjects were instructed to take a carbohydrate restricted diet designed to provide 1000 kcal (4.2 MJ) per day. They were then advised to replace up to four meals a day with a packet of Slender. Of the 42 subjects completing the study, 21 stopped taking Slender after six weeks and 21 completed 12 weeks. During the pre-Slender treatment, the mean weight gain was 1.7 kg. This contrasts with a mean weight loss during the first six weeks of treatment with Slender of 1.9 kg. Those continuing to take Slender for 12 weeks lost 3.7 kg and subjects who said that they had adhered strictly throughout the trial period had a mean loss of 4.6 kg. The overall results are relatively disappointing but are similar to that which can be achieved with other forms of therapy in comparable patients. If there is use for Slender, and other similar products, it may be the prevention of obesity rather than in the management of the morbidly obese. PMID- 711356 TI - Tolerance and cross tolerance to the anorexigenic effect of appetite suppressants in rats. AB - Rats were treated chronically with various anorexigenic substances which were administered orally once (or twice) daily or bidaily. Complete tolerance to the anorectic effect of d-amphetamine, fenfluramine, benfluorex (780 SE), chlorphentermine, and mazindol developed in 11-17 days. Test doses were given at different points of time after withdrawal in order to recognize the presence or absence of direct or cross tolerance. Direct tolerance to fenfluramine and benfluorex persisted for 46 days, whereas tolerance to mazindol was no longer present at day 20. There was lasting bidirectional cross tolerance between chlorphentermine and fenfluramine, transient bidirectional cross tolerance between mazindol and amphetamine, but only unidirectional cross tolerance between amphetamine and fenfluramine. PMID- 711357 TI - Personal Viewpoint: the 'fat cell pool' concept. PMID- 711358 TI - Diets for weight reduction: mechanisms of action and physiological effects. PMID- 711359 TI - Weight reduction by fasting and semistarvation in morbid obesity: long-term follow-up. PMID- 711360 TI - Multidisciplinary approach to adult obesity therapy. AB - A comprehensive program has been designed to treat medically significant obesity (body mass index greater than 30). The essential components include nutritional education, exercise, mental conditioning, relaxation and assertiveness training. Adherence to this combined program is supported by rapid weight loss utilizing a protein-sparing modified fast. Initial efforts include greater than 18 kg (40 lb) weight loss in three out of four patients and greater than two years maintenance in one out of three patients. The varying success depends on patient adherence to a prolonged education program at least six months to one year directed at modification of lifestyle. Both for lasting safety and effectiveness a professional partnership is required between the physician and patient. Finally the result of therapy appears to be rehabilitation and not cure from the problem of obesity. PMID- 711361 TI - Results of the treatment of obesity with a protein-sparing modified fast. AB - Thirty-six obese adults received a protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) consisting of 1.5 g of meat protein per kilogram of ideal body weight and meeting vitamin, mineral, and fluid requirements. These studies were conducted as short term inpatient metabolic studies followed by a program of outpatient obesity treatment. Thirty-one patients were contacted from one to 4 1/2 years from initial assessment. Significant weight loss of greater than 9 kg (20 lb) occurred in more than half the patients, and of greater than 40 lb in one-third of patients over the study period. A PSMF for weight reduction, accompanied by instruction in behaviour modification, nutrition, and exercise for maintenance of weight loss may be helpful in the management of obesity. PMID- 711362 TI - Physical training in the treatment of obesity. AB - Physical training is useful as a therapeutic means to obtain a decrease in body fat. The success in terms of lost fat is dependent on the ability to adhere to the programme, and probably also on regulatory factors associated with the degree of filling of adipose tissue (adipocyte volume). The rate of weight loss is usually slower than with dietary treatment but physical exercise may be more successful and less uncomfortable in the long run as a means to lose weight and prevent regaining it. Physical training is also effective against the metabolic complications associated with obesity such as decreased glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia and should therefore be a method of choice to prevent or treat adult onset diabetes mellitus and endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in obesity. The feasibility of training in different groups of subjects seems to be dependent on, among other factors, selection of subjects and design of the training programme. PMID- 711363 TI - Jejunoileal bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity. AB - Dietary management of morbid obesity has been uniformally unsuccessful. although abdominal surgery is a drastic therapeutic modality, it may offer the only hope for many morbidly obese patients. In addition to producing weight loss in the vast majority of patients, metabolic complications of obesity have been markedly improved in the post-operative period. Metabolic complications of the procedure are many and varied, but in certain high risk patients the benefits may outweigh the risks. PMID- 711364 TI - Gastric bypass for obesity after ten years experience. AB - Over 625 patients having gastric bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity are currently being followed at the University of Iowa. Many innovations have increased operative exposure, greatly reduced operating time, and improved the effectiveness and safety of the operation. Recent weight figures show that a 55 percent loss of excess weight can be expected. Several comparative studies between gastric and jejunoileal bypass show that gastric bypass, while producing identical weight loss, has few of the many complications such as liver failure, renal and gallstone formation, diarrhea, enteritis, that are commonly associated with jejunoileal bypass. Stomal ulcer occurrence has been only 2 percent. Imporvements in diabetes mellitus and hypertension can be expected with weight loss. Other effects of gastric bypass were determined by use of a questionnaire. It is concluded, by surgeons having experience with both gastric and jejunoileal bypass, that gastric bypass is the treatment of choice for morbid obesity when nonoperative measures fail. PMID- 711365 TI - Treatment of pediatric and adolescent obesity. PMID- 711366 TI - The management of hypertension associated with obesity. AB - For the past several decades, treatment of primary hypertension has relied chiefly upon the use of pharmacologic agents. Many hypertensive patients are obese. Evidence is accumulating that their hypertension may be reversed by aggressive and comprehensive regimens for weight reduction. Controlled studies are needed to determine whether there may be particular subtypes of obesity which respond more favorably to such management and to evaluate the long-term benefits of the dietary approach. PMID- 711367 TI - Some correlates of the maintenance of weight lost through behavior modification. AB - Using a mail and in-class distributed survey, data were collected from 721 members of Weight Watchers classes some 15 months after they reached their goal weights. The group averaged 73.2 kg (162.1 lb) before losing 19.0 percent of their body weight to reach goal weights averaging 59.6 kg (131.2 lb) in an average of 31 weeks. Fifteen months after reaching goal, 24.6 percent were below goal, 28.9 were within 5 percent of their goal, 17.5 percent were from 6--10 percent above their goal and 28.9 percent were 11 percent or more above goal. Those who maintained their goal weight, as opposed to those who regained, tended to have several things in common: they attended classes after reaching goal weight in the same locations and with the same lecturers that assissted their weight loss; they had lower initial weights: they conceived of themselves as 'overweight' when they were approximately three pounds above goal; they had improved self-concepts; they made more lifestyle changes supporting weight maintenance; and they continued, after goal, use of many of the techniques used to reach goal weight. Each of these factors has implications for planning for more programs designed to produce more lasting weight losses. PMID- 711368 TI - Behavioral treatment of obesity: the current status. AB - The introduction of a behavioral approach to the treatment of obesity ten years ago stimulated a large amount of research and clinical application, and has had an influence upon psychological treatment far beyond the field of obesity. This research has demonstrated that behavior therapy represents a significant improvement over traditional methods of treatment of mild and moderate obesity. Furthermore, ten years of investigation have introduced into psychological treatment research designs and a methodological sophistication without precedent in this field. Although behavior therapy has advanced the treatment of obesity, its results are still of limited clinical significance. Weight losses have been modest and the variability in results large and unexplained even long-term maintenance of weight loss, which, it was originally hoped, would be a particular benefit of the behavioral approach, has not yet been established. On possibility of increasing the effectiveness of behavioral treatments is to combine them with other measures--dietary and pharmacological. Three recent efforts at combining treatments show promise. PMID- 711369 TI - Restructuring eating behavior with self-hypnosis. PMID- 711370 TI - Definition, measurement, and classification of the syndromes of obesity. AB - The definition and risks of obesity have been reviewed and a nomogram provided for reference. Organization of information about the syndromes of obesity has been approached from several points of view. An anatomic classification has been developed, in which generalized and localized forms of fat accumulation can be separated. Hypercellularity of the adipose tissue in the childhood-onset forms of obesity is usually, but not always, present. Etiologic mechanisms are also useful in classifying obesity. This nosologic approach has been derived largely from experimental studies but has contributed significantly to understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms in man. Hypothalamic obesity is now thought to result from augmented secretion of insulin. The recessively inherited forms of obesity, on the other hand, appear to result from loss of a thermogenic system involving the ouabain-suppressible thyroid-induced (Na+ + K+) -ATPase which, in turn, accounts for the myriad of defects in these animals. Techniques of cybernetic engineering provide a third approach to classification of the syndromes of obesity. The control of body fat was analyzed as an analogy to the control of temperature in a building. These various approaches, and the new insights which they have provided for understanding the syndromes of obesity, promise to provide new pathways for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of this problem. PMID- 711371 TI - Side reactions in peptide synthesis. VI. A reexamination of the benzyl group in the protection of the side chains of tyrosine and aspartic acid. AB - The acid catalyzed O leads to C migration of the benzyl group in the side chain of tyrosine could be reduced by applying HBr in a mixture of phenol and p-cresol instead of BHr in trifluoroacetic acid for acidolytic deprotection. This side reaction occurs also during the removal of Boc groups. The loss of O-benzyl protection and the formation of 3-benzyltyrosine residues could be suppressed by the application of a 7:3 mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and acetic acid. The acid- and base-catalyzed ring closure of beta-benzylaspartyl residues to aminosuccinyl derivatives was also studied. In this case HBr in trifluoroacetic acid was found to be relatively harmless. Deprotection with HBr in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and p-cresol can be applied for peptides that contain both beta-benzylaspartyl and O-benzyltyrosyl residues. An attempt to reduce the rate of the base-catalyzed side reaction by application of hindered tertiary amines was abandoned because the tertiary amines which were effective in this respect let to significant reduction of the rate of the desired reaction, the aminolysis of active esters, as well. A satisfactory solution for the problem was found in the selective catalysis of the active ester reaction with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole or 4-dimethyl-aminopyridine. These catalysts do not enhance the rate of ring closure and in their presence essentially pure beta-benzylaspartyl peptides can be produced in good yield. PMID- 711372 TI - Side reactions in peptide synthesis. VII. Sequence dependence in the formation of aminosuccinyl derivatives from beta-benzyl-aspartyl peptides. AB - The base catalyzed ring closure in t-Boc-Asp-X beta-napthylamides was examined in a series of 2-peptide derivatives in which position X was occupied by the neutral and acidic amino acid residues that occur in proteins. Bulkiness and functional groups in the side chain of X have a major effect on the rate of cyclization, e.g. acidic groups slow down the formation of aminosuccinyl derivatives. Rate enhancing effect can be observed in serine and threonine, while the side reaction is unexpectedly slow when X is methionine. PMID- 711373 TI - Benzyloxycarbonylarginine nitrophenyl ester salts: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole catalyzed acylations of amines. AB - Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester has been prepared by the p nitrophenyltrifluoroacetate method. The p-nitrophenyl ester derivative was isolated as its crystalline picrate and nitrate salts. The ester salts couple with amino compounds in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, but decompose without acylation of amines in the absence of the 1-hydroxybenzotriazole catalyst. Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis. At the same time, side reactions of such carboxyl activated arginine derivatives may serve as models for side reactions in the couplings of peptide fragments with arginine residues in the carboxyl-terminal position. Peptide fragment couplings of this type may frequently be encountered in semisynthesis of polypeptides from tryptic fragments. PMID- 711374 TI - Coacervation properties in sequential polypeptide models of elastin. Synthesis of H-(Ala-Pro-Gly-Gly)n-Val-OMe and H-(Ala-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly)n-Val-OMe. AB - Syntheses of two sequential polypeptides H-(Ala-Pro-Gly-Gly)n-Val-OMe and H-(Ala Pro-Gly-Val-Gly)n-Val-OMe via the p-nitrophenyl active ester procedure are reported. The two polymers were obtained in good yields and the polymers were shown to be of large molecular weights, n greater than 40. These two polypeptides were synthesized as analogs of the two coacervating sequential polypeptides H (Val-Pro-Gly-Gly)n-Val-OMe, and H-(Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly)n-Val-OMe, in which the Val-l residue is replaced by an Ala-l residue. H-(Ala-Pro-Gly-Gly)n-Val-OMe did not coacervate even at as high a temperature as 100 degrees, and H-(Ala-Pro-Gly Val-Gly)n-Val-OMe did not coacervate; however, it precipitated irreversibly around 65--70 degrees C. This suggests the critical role of the Val-Pro hydrophobic side chain interaction in coacervation. PMID- 711375 TI - Purification and characterization of the surface active proteins of black gram (Phaseolus mungo). AB - The surface active globulin from black gram has been resolved into two components with high foam-forming activity. They were found to be homogeneous by electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal examinations and had high molecular weights around 100,000 daltons. They were rich in acidic as well basic amino acids but low in sulphur amino acids. Heat treatment, proteolysis and treatment with certain inorganic salts such as copper, and mercurous mercury, group specific reagents P-chloromercury benzoate and N-ethylmalemide (PCMB, NEM) and protein denaturants were found to have an adverse effect, while oxidizing agents had no effect. The free sulphydryl content was low (3 and 4 mumol/mol), but essential for full manifestation of surface activity. Other purified proteins also needed free sulphydryl groups. PMID- 711376 TI - Sorghum proteinase inhibitors: purification and some biochemical properties. AB - An investigation has been carried out on the proteinase inhibitors of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). One of the inhibitors has been isolated in a pure form and characterized. The proteinase inhibitor was extracted from the acetone-defatted sorghum meal and purified by selective thermal denaturation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography (DEAE-preparation II). This preparation was demonstrated to be a mixture of three inhibitor components by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Further resolution of this mixture into Inhibitors I to III was achieved by QAE Sephadex chromatography. Sorghum Inhibitor III was homogeneous by the criteria of disc gel electrophoresis and has been more fully characterized. A molecular weight of 25,000 was obtained for Inhibitor III by gel filtration and was in agreement with the value calculated from the amino acid composition of the inhibitor. The N-terminal amino acid residue of Inhibitor III, a single chain protein, was isoleucine. Sorghum proteinase inhibitors inhibit specifically the serine proteinases and are inactive towards the other classes of proteinases. Inhibitor III is primarily a chymotrypsin inhibitor, whereas Inhibitors I and II inhibit both trypsin and chymotrypsin. PMID- 711377 TI - Syntheses of monocyclic and bicyclic peptides of tryptathionine and glycine. AB - L-3a-Hydroxy-1.2.3.3a.8.8a-hexahydropyrrolo [2,3-b-]-indole-2-carboxylic acid (Hpi), obtained from L-tryptophan by oxidation with peroxyacetic acid (Savige, 1975), after introduction of the Boc-residue at N-1, is coupled with various glycine peptides of S-trityl-L-cysteine to give the Hpi-peptides 6(a-f). By treatment with absolute trifluoroacetic acid these peptides are converted by an intramolecular thiolysis to the monocyclic thioethers 7(a-f). Two of them, 7e and 7f, can be subjected to a second cyclization by the mixed anhydride method thus yielding the bicyclic tryptathionine heptapeptide 8e and octapeptide 8f. In their structures the bicyclic molecules resemble the mushroom phallotoxins and amatoxins, respectively. They show CD spectra closely related to the naturally occurring bicyclic peptides thus indicating conformational similarities. The CD spectra of the other cyclic peptides synthesized are also presented and discussed. PMID- 711378 TI - Inhibition of thrombin and trypsin by tripeptide aldehydes. AB - Inhibitory effects of certain tripeptide aldehydes on both thrombin and trypsin have been found to be strongly substrate-dependent. These compounds should therefore be considered as inhibitors of the particular proteolytic reaction for which they had been designed rather than real enzyme inhibitors, i.e. protein or polypeptide proteinase inhibitors of natural origin. PMID- 711379 TI - The need for co-ordination of research in nutrition. AB - On two assumptions, first that the number of dietarily essential nutrients for Man and the common monogastric mammals is 40 and, second, that the effects of at least two dietary levels of each nutrient would have to be examined in order to cover the possible nutrient interactions, then 2(40), or approximately 10(12) diets would need to be prepared. This number is beyond human capacity within any reasonable period of time: moreover, it assumes constancy of the non-essential part of the diet. Very few of the possible nutrient interactions have been studied and, as a supplement to piecemeal studies by individual workers, a co ordinated research programme is desirable. It is noted that, while considerable attention has been paid to the nutrition of growth, the adult stage has been very neglected: the status of adult man in particular calls for attention. Factors concerned in the planning of co-ordinated research are briefly discussed. PMID- 711380 TI - Pancreatic exocrine function in rats with severe retinol deficiency. AB - Starting from the fact that extensive retinol deficiency leads to morphological pancreatic alterations, the secretion of the gland and the specific enzyme activities in the pancreatic tissue were studied in rats fed a retinol-free diet for 70 days. No clear alteration of the exogen stimulated pancreatic secretion and of the enzyme content of the gland was observed. PMID- 711381 TI - Ascorbic acid effect on hypervitaminosis A in rats. PMID- 711382 TI - The effect of medium-chain triglycerides on the bioavailability of vitamin E. AB - Overnight fasted, normal rats were fed a single dose of isotopically labeled vitamin E emulsified in either medium-chain or long-chain triglyceride (MCT or LCT). The animals were sacrificed at various time intervals of up to 72 hours. Levels of radioactivity in the small intestinal wall, liver, plasma, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were higher in animals in which tocopherol was administered in MCT rather than LCT. Thus, the intestinal absorption of vitamin E was enhanced by solubilization in MCT. These findings are consistent with the theory that the gastrointestinal absorption of dietary tocopherol is dependent upon the simultaneous digestion and absorption of the fat in which the vitamin is solubilized. PMID- 711383 TI - Inhibition of platelet aggregation by alpha-tocopherol and its nicotinate and acetate esters. AB - Two esters of vitamin E, dl-a-tocopheryl nicotinate and dl-a-tocopheryl acetate were found to be more inhibitors than tocopherol itself on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and collagen. The nicotinate was 1--5 times more potent than the acetate and 2--18 times more potent than the unesterified tocopherol in inhibiting collagen induced aggregation in human citratet platelet rich plasma. PMID- 711384 TI - Resolution of the initial phase controversy in the thiamine-polyphenol reaction. AB - The kinetics of interactions between thiamine and seven polyphenols were followed by two types of thiochrome assays. The assays on the reaction mixture showed the extremely rapid initial phase whereas those on the eluate of the mixture previously treated by the Decalso column did not. The former assay methods also produced higher estimates of thiamine modification than the latter over the period of 3 hours of reaction. Arguments are given to show the probable non existence of the observed extremely rapid initial phase. Reinterpretation of some past results are also presented. PMID- 711385 TI - Studies on metabolism of thiamine chloride ester monophosphate of bis-D glucosamine. II. Effect of TCMPG in vitamin B1-deficient rats. AB - In order to investigate the metabolism of thiamine chloride ester monophosphate of bis-D-glucosamine (TCMPG) urinary excretion, blood levels and tissue content of thiamine in vitamin B1-deficient rats were measured after intraperitoneal injection of this compound or of thiamine monophosphate or of a mixture of thiamine monophosphate and glucosamine. The greater retention and the higher levels of vitamin observed in the blood and in the tissues of animals treated with TCMPG compared with the control rats confirm the hypothesis that a more efficient utilization of vitamin B1 is obtained by the organism when it is administered salified with glucosamine. PMID- 711386 TI - Vitamin C status of institutionalised and non-institutionalised aged. AB - The vitamin C status of 186 elderly subjects living at home and institutionalised in hospital, residential accommodation and sheltered dwelling was studied. Subjects from hospital and home receiving multivitamin supplements regularly were grouped separately. Ascorbic acid deficiency (plasma ascorbic acid less than or equal to 0.3 mg/100 ml) was noted in 47.2, 39.0, 46.2 and 47.4 per cent subjects of home, hospital, residential accommodation and sheltered dwelling, respectively. All subjects receiving multi-vitamin had plasma ascorbic acid (PAA) levels greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/100 ml. The mean levels of PAA appeared higher in females than males and the percentage incidence of low vitamin C status was higher in males than females in the majority of the groups. Leucocyte ascorbic acid (LAA) levels were measured in only 26 subjects of residential accommodation and of these 38.5 per cent had low LAA levels (less than 15 microgram/10(8) cells). The biochemical vitamin C deficiency was not accompanied by any recognised clinical manifestation. PMID- 711387 TI - The degradation of tryptophan in severe liver disease. AB - Patients with severe acute or chronic liver disease were found to have a high mean plasma free tryptophan, an abnormal urinary excretion pattern of tryptophan kynurenine metabolites and low circulating levels of the vitamins required for tryptophan degradation, i.e. pyridoxine, thiamine and ascorbic acid. In patients with decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD), ineffective vitamin B6(pyridoxine hydrochloride) supplementation with effective thiamine and ascorbic acid supplementation increased urinary 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and xanthurenic acid excretion. Effective B6(pyridoxal phosphate) supplementation did not cause a similar change. It is postulated that the combination of increased input into the pathway together with vitamin B6 deficiency may explain the abnormal tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in severe liver disease. Imbalanced or ineffective vitamin supplementation may aggravate the disturbance of tryptophan degradation. PMID- 711388 TI - Effect of enzyme combination and dialysis on amino acid patterns released from proteins. AB - Different combinations of gastrointestinal enzymes and dialysis altered amino acid yield and patterns released from proteins but did not negate the "variable ratio effect". That is, as substrate was increased relative to enzymes some amino acids increased, others decreased while still others were unchanged as a function of total quantity released. None of the enzymatic treatments degraded proteins proportional to amino acid composition. PMID- 711389 TI - Lacrimal surgery. PMID- 711390 TI - Anophthalmic socket surgery. PMID- 711391 TI - Visual scanning, pattern recognition and decision-making in pulmonary nodule detection. AB - Eye movements were recorded while four subjects searched a set of 60 films, 24 normal and 36 abnormal for pulmonary nodules. Error rates, scanning patterns and the dwell time of fixation clusters on normal and nodule-containing areas of the film were studied. Using the assumption that prolonged dwell time indicates intensive processing of visual data, a model was developed for nodule detection that includes four steps: orientation, scanning, pattern recognition and decision making. False-negative errors were divided into three classes: scanning errors, recognition errors and decision-making errors. Of 20 false-negative errors, 30% were considered scanning, 25% recognition and 45% decision-making. PMID- 711392 TI - Intervertebral disc abnormalities associated with vertebral metastasis: observations in patients and cadavers with prostatic cancer. AB - Abnormalities of intervertebral discs associated with vertebral metastasis from prostatic carcinoma are described in an investigation utilizing patient and cadaveric material. Radiographic and pathologic findings indicate that discal abnormality in this situation relates to three potential processes: intervertebral disc degeneration (intervertebral osteochondrosis); cartilaginous (Schmorl's) nodes; discal invasion by tumor. In most patients with vertebral metastasis, the adjacent intervertebral disc appears normal, a useful radiographic finding suggesting the presence of tumor rather than infection. Occasional patients with vertebral metastasis demonstrate roentgen abnormalities of the adjacent intervertebral disc indicating the occurrence of one or more of the above processes. PMID- 711393 TI - A simple method to measure mesenteric arteriovenous shunt flow during arteriography. AB - A quantitative method for external detection of mesenteric arteriovenous shunts was developed. 99mTc-Human Serum Albumin Microspheres (15--30 microns) were injected into the superior mesenteric artery of dogs through an angiographic catheter, followed by external scintillation counting of the liver activity, which represented the shunted spheres. Thereafter, 99mTc-sulfur colloid was injected identically and the liver activity counted again. The liver net count after sulfur colloid represented a 100% shunt, when a correction factor for the actual liver uptake was applied. The a shunt rate was calculated. Eleven animal studies were performed and shunt rates similar to previous in vitro determinations were obtained. This method is suitable for clinical investigation and can conveniently be applied to mesenteric arteriography. PMID- 711394 TI - A proposed mechanism for transient increases in arterial pressure and flow during angiographic injections. AB - In a series of animal experiments, we have confirmed the observation that arterial pressure and flow increase distal to the injection site during power injections through non-obstructing catheters. Our data suggest that the phenomenon is secondary to the transient production of turbulence. Thus, for a given injection rate, catheters with smaller end holes create more fluid velocity, which increases the Reynolds number and causes augmentation of downstream pressure and flow. The addition of side holes decreases the fluid velocity of the injectate and minimizes the hemodynamic effects. The discussion deals with factors contributing to the generation of local turbulence, the magnitude of pressure and flow changes caused by the injections, and the clinical implications of these artifacts. PMID- 711395 TI - Transcatheter embolization with microfibrillar collagen in swine. AB - Transcatheter embolization of the gastrosplenic and renal arteries was performed in 7 domestic swine with suspensions of microfibrillar collagen (MFC), a recently developed topical hemostatic agent. Embolized vessels remained occluded 2 days following embolization. Recanalization occurred by 14 days, although some occlusion in distal vessel persisted at 3 months. Pathologically a marked granulomatous arteritis was noted at 14 days which resolved by 3 months. Gastric ulcers or infarcts were present in two animals. The severe vasculitis and gastric pathology observed with MFC in this study would seem to preclude its use as a general embolic agent. It may be useful, however, in the preoperative embolization of neoplasms, especially in pediatric patients since its physical characteristics allow it to be easily injected through small diameter catheters. PMID- 711396 TI - Clinical application of Compton and photo-electric reconstruction in computed tomography: preliminary results. AB - Although computed tomography has demonstrated some promise in the direction of quantative radiology, valuable information related to the varying response of tissues to x-rays of different energy is still not utilized on a routine basis. Advancements in a method proposed by Alvarez and Macovski for decomposing dual spectra CT projection data into its material-dependent Compton and photo-electric components are described. Results are presented to demonstrate that such a separation can be performed. Reconstructed images of separated Compton and photo electric data obtained from clinical scans are shown. With the improvements described, the Compton images begin to approach the quality of conventional reconstructions with evidence of improved polychromatic correction. The photo electric data, while separable, suffers from unacceptable noise level. Analysis of this difficulty is presented, with recommendations for future improvement by careful selection of the effective energy of the low energy spectrum. The encouraging results suggest that this technique warrants continued development and evaluation. PMID- 711397 TI - Imaging characteristics of a small germanium camera. AB - A high purity germanium gamma-camera has been developed and is currently being evaluated. This camera incorporates unique performance parameters such as a 2 mm full-width spatial response function with rejection of multiple-scatter in the detector, a 2.2% FWHM energy resolution for 99 mTc, a 180 nsec paralyzable dead time, and a 2 mu sec non-paralyzable dead-time. Imaging studies demonstrate the superior capabilities of this instrument. PMID- 711398 TI - ECG changes and arrhythmias induced by ionic and non-ionic contrast media during coronary arteriography in dogs. AB - Metrizamide (non-ionic, Nyegaard Co., Oslo, Norway), diatrizoate (ionic) and metrizoate (ionic) were selectively injected into the right or the left canine coronary artery. ECG was recorded and external defibrillation was performed whenever ventricular fibrillation occurred. During left coronary injections metrizamide prolonged the PQ and QT intervals less than did the diatrizoate. During right coronary injections metrizamide affected the QT interval less than either diatrizoate and metrizoate. During right coronary infusions metrizamide caused significantly fewer incidences of ventricular fibrillation than diatrizoate. In clinical coronary arteriography it is assumed that metrizamide would generate fewer AV blocks than diatrizoate and fewer incidences of ventricular fibrillation after right coronary injections than diatrizoate. Changes in the PQ and QT intervals during coronary arteriography can be used as tests to predict the safety of new contrast media. PMID- 711399 TI - Reduction in ventricular fibrillation using calcium-enriched Renografin 76. AB - Renografin 76 has been shown to have significant calcium-binding properties in vivo and in vitro. Two contrast media solutions were compared by selective injection into the right coronary artery of dogs. One set of injections was made with commercially available Renografin 76 (referred to as stock Renografin) and another set of injections was made with Renografin 76 to which had been added 24 mMols/liter of calcium chloride dihydrate. Ventricular fibrillation occurred significantly more often with the stock Renografin 76. The nature of the calcium binding and its effects are discussed. PMID- 711400 TI - Observation on the metabolism of iopanoyl (Telepaque) glucuronide in dogs treated with antibiotics. AB - The purpose of our investigation was to determine whether iopanoyl glucuronide, the major metabolite of iopanoic acid (Telepaque), undergoes hydrolysis by bacterial beta-glucuronidase in dogs. The conjugated compound was identified and quantitated by elemental analysis, fluorescent excitation analysis, thin-layer chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography. The experiments were performed before and after combined antibiotic treatment with neomycin and vancomycin. It was first determined that reabsorption and excretion of sodium iopanoate was only minimally diminished during antibiotic treatment. Known amounts of iopanoyl glucuronide were infused into the small bowel of 4 awake dogs with chronic bile fistula, and bile was collected for 5--8 hours. The excretion of the recirculated conjugated compound was 4--5 times lower during antibiotic treatment. Incubation of ileal fluid with bile containing iopanoyl glucuronide suggested that beta-glucuronidase hydrolyzes the conjugated compound. Hydrolysis was markedly decreased after pretreatment with antibiotics. These findings suggest that the beta-glucuronidase produced by bacteria may be a major mechanism in enterohepatic recirculation of iopanoyl glucuronide. Mechanisms and possible implications are discussed. PMID- 711402 TI - Renal cell carcinoma: two new cell lines and a serially transplantable nude mouse tumor (NC 65). Preliminary report. AB - Two long-term tissue culture cell lines and a serially transplantable tumor line growing on nude mice were obtained from a renal cell adenocarcinoma (NC 65). Results of the preliminary characterization of these tumor lines are presented. These data include tumor and cell morphology and growth characteristics in vivo and in vitro. In the nude mouse the tumor matastases to axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. The slow growth rates in culture and in the nude mice as well as the maintenance of the original histologic picture indicate that this tumor still reflects properties of the original carcinoma. Chromosomal analysis proves the human origin of the cell lines. PMID- 711401 TI - Nephrotoxicity of sodium iopanoate in hydrated and dehydrated dogs. AB - The nephrotoxic effect of sodium iopanoate, infused intravenously in dosages of 1.5, 3 and 6 g over a 2-hour period in eight dogs (22--27 kg) in both the hydrated and dehydrated stages, were investigated. On biochemical, hemodynamic and morphological studies, the nephrotoxic effect was found to be clearly dose dependent and greater in the dehydrated stage. Previously suggested mechanisms for acute renal failure, such as a direct tubular toxicity, tubular obstruction and hypotension, could not be supported as main factors in the development of acute renal failure post-cholecystography, although they might well have a contributory effect. The primary cause of renal failure post-cholecystography cannot be determined unequivocally from this investigation. However, the observed findings would appear to be consistent with a toxic effect of iopanoate in the small vessels possibly resulting in ischemic tubular necrosis. PMID- 711403 TI - Internal ureteropexy: a simple technique to prevent reflux after ureteroneocystostomy. AB - An experimental study in dogs showed that the implantation of hydroureters onto a denuded area of the bladder muscle led to mucosal regeneration and formation of a submucosal tunnel. Reflux was prevented in all animals when the bladder wall was immobilized at the reimplantation site by fixation to the psoas muscle. Urinary stasis normalized after 10 to 12 reimplantations. Internal ureteropexy would seem to be a most simple and satisfactory technique for preventing reflux when dissection of a submucosal tunnel fails in ureteroneocystostomy. It has been used in three patients with good results. PMID- 711404 TI - Adrenergic innervation of the ureter. AB - To determine whether the ureter is innervated by the autonomic nervous system, isolated canine ureters were superfused with modified Tyrode solution, and force developed in response to 100-msec duration stimuli at a rate of 3 per min was monitored. Norepinephrine and phenylephrine significantly increased developed force; the latter more than the former. These increases in developed force were blocked by phentolamine, and propranolol enhanced the stimulatory effect of norepinephrine. In the presence of phentolamine, norepinephrine significantly decreased developed force. Isoproterenol significantly decreased developed force and this significant decrease in contractility was not observed in the presence of propranolol. High intensity, high frequency, short duration stimuli which in themselves were unable to excite quiescent rabbit and canine ureteral segments potentiated contractile force of segments contracting at the basal rate of 3 per min in response to long duration stimuli. When these same high intensity, high frequency, short duration stimuli were applied to ureteral segments pretreated with phentolamine, the developed force of the basally driven preparations decreased. These data suggest the presence of alpha-stimulatory and beta inhibitory adrenergic receptors in canine and rabbit ureter and provide evidence for adrenergic tissue within the wall of the ureter that can influence contractile force. PMID- 711405 TI - Lymph and intrarenal venous blood as indicators of canine renal cortical function. AB - Samplings of canine capsular and hilar lymph, and intrarenal venous blood were investigated as in vivo techniques for detecting renal cortical function in control and NH4Cl pretreated anesthetized animals. The glucose concentration of capsular, but not hilar, lymph was indicative of cortical drainage in both groups. When lymph flow was increased by elevating renal venous pressure, capsular lymph glucose concentration reflected cortical function only in the NH4Cl animals. The glucose concentration of intrarenal venous blood indicated cortical drainage in both the control and NH4Cl animals but the cortical function of a high para-aminohippuric acid extraction was only detectable in the NH4Cl group. Conclusions are that sampling of capsular lymph and intrarenal venous blood may prove to be useful techniques for studying certain in vivo cortical functions but the intrarenal venous technique is less sensitive than capsular lymph collection. PMID- 711406 TI - The development of a test system for inhibition of urinary oxalate lithiasis. AB - The production of calcium oxalate deposits on zinc pellets in the bladder of rats was induced by the addition of 0.25 to 1.0 per cent ethylene glycol to their drinking water. Sprague Dawley rats requied more than 0.50 per cent ethylene glycol to produce calcium oxalate exclusively. The quantity of deposits varied widely between test animals, but intermediate operation to check on the amount of deposit showed that each rat at the 0.75 per cent ethylene glycol level maintained its individual rate of deposition within an acceptable standard deviation relative to the mean. At 1 per cent ethylene glycol deposition in the kidneys interfered with deposition on the zinc pellet. PMID- 711407 TI - Transvenous perfusion cooling of the kidney: a new technique of local renal hypothermia. AB - In an experimental study involving ten dogs, the feasibility of transvenous perfusion cooling of the kidney is proven. The theoretical basis of this new method of regional renal hypothermia is presented; the technique is easy to perform and requires cannulation of the renal vein. The perfusate leaves the kidney either via the capsular veins which have been divided during renal exposure, or through the proposed nephrotomy. Renal vein thrombosis or tearing of the venous vasculature was not observed. The only complication encountered in one instance was hemorrhage from the puncture site of the renal vein. PMID- 711408 TI - Transport efficiency of ureteral peristalsis correlated to pacemaker activity of renal pelvis. AB - The transport efficiency of ureteral peristalsis under the control of the pacemaker was examined during renal pelvic perfusion in dogs. Simultaneous recordings of the perfusion rate, renal pelvic pressure, ureteral electromyogram, and bolus volume were made during each period of perfusion at a constant rate. For a graphic representation of transport efficiency of each peristaltic contraction, changes in balance level between the perfusion rate and the bolus volume were registered by a presettable binary counter. A quantitative evaluation of transport efficiency was also made of each group of peristaltic contractions that was classified by its characteristic distribution of the interperistaltic internal. The pacemaker activity of the renal pelvis and its control of ureteral peristalsis were identified in this preparation. Most of the peristaltic contractions excreted the same volume of fluid that had entered the pelviureteral system during the preceding period of nonperistalsis within the range of studied perfusion rates. The transport efficiency defined as interperistaltic interval x perfusion rate/bolus volume showed a small variation around the value 1 for peristaltic contractions in each group. PMID- 711409 TI - Protein electrophoretic patterns of canine prostatic fluid. Effect of hormonal manipulation. AB - The effects of castration and estrogen administration on prostatic fluid proteins were compared in two groups of dogs. Prostatic fistulae were created in 10 animals and prostatic fluid secretions stimulated by electroejaculation. After a stabilization period, five animals were administered polyestradiol phosphate and the remaining five were castrated. After 3 months estrogen administration was discontinued and depo-testosterone was administered to the castrate animals. Fluids were collected at weekly intervals throughout the study and prostatic fluid proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No difference between animal receiving estrogen and castrated animals was noted and administration of testosterone to castrate animals reestablished a normal protein pattern. PMID- 711410 TI - Sex steroid imprinting of the immature prostate. Long-term effects. AB - New periods of sex hormone sensitivity in the life cycle of the male rat that occur before the onset of sexual maturation and that determine subsequent responsiveness and growth of the adult prostate have been elucidated. If high doses of estrogen (17 beta-estradiol--500 microgram per day, or estradiol benzoate--250 micrograms per day, or estradiol dipropionate--100 micrograms per day) are administered to intact male rats for 2 days during the 1st week after birth, the prostate, at adulthood, is diminutive in size and is inert to the action of exogenous androgens. In contrast, lower doses of estrogen (17 beta estradiol--100 micrograms per day) administered at 20 and 22 days of age enhance the sensitivity of the adult prostate to testosterone by approximately 50 per cent. Furthermore, it has been determined that continued testicular function is required up to the time of puberty for full prostatic growth. PMID- 711411 TI - Enhancement of renal excretion of uric acid during long-term thiazide therapy. AB - The effect of thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide 100 mg per day orally in two divided doses for up to 3 years) on uric acid metabolism was examined in 21 patients with renal stones suffering from renal hypercalciuria or absorptive hypercalciuria. Serum concentration of uric acid increased during thiazide therapy in every patient. In 12 of 21 patients, there was a transient or persistent rise in urinary uric acid of more than 50 mg per day during treatment. The mean urinary uric acid produced by thiazide was positively correlated with the change in the renal clearance of uric acid. Thus, an increase in urinary uric acid was often associated with a rise in uric acid clearance. The results suggest that thiazide may either increase the production of uric acid or decrease the extrarenal disposal of uric acid, in some patients. PMID- 711412 TI - Quantitaion of collagen in the wall of contracted schistosomal bladder. AB - Biochemical assay of vesical collagen was carried out in six cases of contracted schistosomal bladders and five controls. It revealed 11.52 and 9.56 per cent of collagen by weight respectively. Detrusor myopathy seems to be more important than fibrosis. Quantitation of the muscle mass in these cases is needed. PMID- 711413 TI - Collagen in 155 human bladders. AB - The percentage of bladder collagen, as obtained by the dosage of hydroxyproline, was determined in autopsy specimens from 48 female and 107 male cadavers. The average percentage of collagen in the human bladder is 57.4 per cent (+/- 9) of the dry weight of insoluble protein. There is good correlation (r = 0.55) between detrusor and trigone collagen content. There is no significant difference between pre- and postpuberty age groups in relative collagen content. In females more than 50 years of age there is a significant increase in collagen. PMID- 711414 TI - In vivo smooth muscle function in normal and obstructed rabbit vas deferens. AB - We characterized smooth muscle function in the rabbit vas deferens in vivo by means of a new strainometer. Intraluminal pressure was measured and smooth muscle tension in the wall was calculated. Our studies revealed a low baseline pressure, no spontaneous contractions, and a constant wall tension. Studies of the effect of vasectomy on in vivo smooth muscle function showed increased intraluminal pressure, diameter, and baseline wall tension, and development of spontaneous contractions with increased wall tension, intraluminal pressure, and diameter with each contraction. PMID- 711415 TI - Response of the rabbit vas deferens in vivo to vasoactive drugs. AB - We evaluated the smooth muscle response to the systemic administration of various vasoactive drugs and hormones in vivo in the rabbit vas deferens. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and urecholine caused contractions of the vas deferens that caused it to shorten and thicken. Isuprel inhibited contractions that were initiated by obstruction of the vas deferens. Catecholamine depletion from guanethidine caused dilation of the vas deferens, increased intraluminal pressures spontaneous contractions, and a spermpacked lumen. The vas deferens in the immature rabbit showed normal response to norepinephrine and obstruction. Estrogen administration prevented the normal dilation and increased peristalsis observed with obstruction. PMID- 711416 TI - Cutaneous tubeless ureterostomy as a procedure to study renal function in conscious dogs. AB - We describe the results obtained with a modified technique for single-side cutaneous ureterostomy in awake mongrel dogs. The success of this surgical procedure was evaluated by intravenous pyelography and urinary cultures that ruled out infection. In addition, we investigated the effects of this procedure on the excretory capacity of the kidney with a diverted ureter. Average values for effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were comparable to those obtained in the literature and in the constralateral untouched kidney of the same dogs. The results indicate that cutaneous ureterostomy can be used successfully to monitor renal function in awake dogs over periods of weeks or months. PMID- 711417 TI - Experimental assessment of graded ureteral obstruction utilizing liquid and gaseous perfusion techniques. AB - Ureteral perfusion studies (Whitaker's test) utilizing both saline and carbon dioxide were performed in nonobstructed canine ureters and in ureters subjected to a standardized partial and high grade obstruction to characterize the pattern of pressure response. Three separate ranges of pressure elevation were identified with each perfusate and a high degree of correlation between saline and CO2 pressures was observed. However, a significant overlap between the pressure range for nonobstructed and partially obstructed ureters was noted. This overlap must be carefully considered in human studies before defining clinically significant obstruction on the basis of an absolute perfusion pressure value. PMID- 711418 TI - Histology and ultrastructure of the R-3327 C-F transplantable prostate tumor of Cophenhagen-Fisher rats. AB - The R-3327 C-F tumor is an adenocarcinoma of the prostate maintained by serial transplantation in male Copenhagen-Fisher hybrid rats. The tumor is histologically different from other tumor sublines derived from the original R 3327 tumor discovered in 1961 in an aged Copenhagen rat. Light and electron microscopy have shown that the R-3327 C-F tumor contains a well organized glandular epithelium with myoepithelial cells and a continuous basement membrane, although epithelial cells were much less differentiated than epithelial cells of either dorsal or lateral normal prostate of the rat. Two features of interest were the presence of large, abnormal fibroblasts in stroma, and of lymphocytes embedded in the epithelium. Virus particles have not been observed in the specimens examined by electron microscopy. PMID- 711419 TI - The effects of vasectomy on the movement of 14C-urea in the seminiferous tubule of the hamster. AB - 14C-urea entry into the hamster seminiferous tubule (SNT) and cauda epididymidal tubule was observed in intact males and in animals vasectomized for 2 weeks and for 4 months. 14C-urea entry rate and plateau level were significantly increased 4 months postvasectomy. 14C-urea entry into the cauda epididymidis was significantly altered 2 weeks postvasectomy. 2, 4,-dinitrophenol significantly increased 14C-urea concentration in the SNT. This is compatible with the presence of an outward directed energy dependent movement of urea in the hamster SNT. Increasing 14C-urea concentrations in the postvasectomy SNT may be attributable to a failure or inhibition of this physiologic activity. PMID- 711420 TI - Comparative polypeptide patterns of representative human and nonhuman adenoviruses. AB - SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel analysis of selected primate and nonprimate adenoviruses has shown these viruses to differ significantly at the polypeptide molecular level. It follows that data derived from study of a single adenovirus serotype are unique to that serotype and are not representative of the adenovirus group as a whole. PMID- 711421 TI - Effect of D-amphetamine on the behaviour of rats in the open field apparatus: interaction with four neuroleptics and changes in biogenic amine metabolsm in discrete brain regions. PMID- 711422 TI - Toxic dilatation of the colon. PMID- 711423 TI - Effect of various ions on the vulnerability of the isolated perfused rabbit heart to an induced ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 711424 TI - Percutaneous antegrade pyelography: a useful urological technique. PMID- 711425 TI - Solitary liver abscess in a neonate: complication of umbilical vein catheterisation. PMID- 711426 TI - Revision of the infectious diseases regulations. PMID- 711427 TI - Major replantation of upper limb. PMID- 711428 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda--A report of seven cases. PMID- 711429 TI - Scoliosis--seven years' experience. PMID- 711430 TI - The male/female differential in life expectancy in Ireland--a note. PMID- 711432 TI - Cancer registration: a measure of disease and a source of information. PMID- 711431 TI - Survey of ophthalmic patients in hospital. PMID- 711433 TI - Mental impairment in the elderly. PMID- 711434 TI - Assessment of mental handicap and educational problems in Ireland--I. A report of the work of one Mental Handicap Diagnostic, Assessment and Advisory Service. PMID- 711435 TI - Assessment of mental handicap and educational problems in Ireland--II. Psychological assessment of a sample of Dublin children. PMID- 711436 TI - Assessment of mental handicap and educational problems in Ireland--III. Medical findings and social features of a sample of Dublin children. PMID- 711437 TI - Complications of the new contraceptive preparations. PMID- 711438 TI - Child criminals? PMID- 711439 TI - The Harvey Society, Inc. A society for the diffusion of knowledge of the medical sciences. PMID- 711440 TI - The biological roots of mental illness: their ramifications through cerebral metabolism, synaptic activity, genetics, and the environment. PMID- 711442 TI - Protection of the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 711441 TI - Gene expression in neoplasia and differentiation. PMID- 711443 TI - Early studies on gene amplification. PMID- 711444 TI - [Classification of angiectatic and angiokeratotic nevi]. PMID- 711445 TI - [Results of incidence analyses in external hemorrhoids]. AB - The perianal region of 294 healthy persons (151 male, 143 female) of different age was examined and the size, the localization and the number of the skin tags were registered. The frequency increases in women especially at the beginning of the second decade and in men especially at the fourth decade of life. 80% of all women and 60% of all men have skin tags. The size of the skin tag increases while the person becomes older. In the average women have bigger skin tags than men. Most of the skin tags are located in the region of 12 and 6 h lithotomy position. PMID- 711446 TI - [The testing of photochemotherapy in various dermatoses]. AB - Experimental PUVA therapy in five different skin diseases showed excellent results in lichen planus and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis. Present experience indicates a favourable influence of PUVA also in pityriasis rubra pilaris and in lymphomatoid papulosis. In Darier's disease PUVA leads to acute exacerbation. PMID- 711447 TI - [Zinc-deficiency syndrome with acrodermatitis]. AB - The symptoms of the zinc depletion syndrome are demonstrated in two males and two females. The four patients, 23 to 39 years old, were suffering from ileocolitis Crohn. After three to eight weeks of total parenteral nutrition they showed signs of acrodermatitis. Serum zinc was found considerably below normal levels (0,21- 0,68 microgram/ml). After oral nutrition was re-initiated the dermatitis healed within four weeks without zinc oxid or zinc sulphate administration. Serum zinc increased to normal levels. PMID- 711449 TI - [Foundation of an "Association for Surgical Dermatology"]. PMID- 711448 TI - [Picture report. Diseases of the mamilla]. PMID- 711450 TI - [Pyoderma vegetans--pyoderma gangraenosum]. PMID- 711451 TI - [Management of epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 711452 TI - The role of the affiliates in the Health Physics Society. PMID- 711453 TI - A mathematical model for estimation of plutonium in the human body from urine data influenced by DTPA therapy. PMID- 711454 TI - Low-dose RBE and Q for x-ray compared to gamma-ray radiations. PMID- 711455 TI - The influence of DTPA on the biological availability of transuranics. PMID- 711456 TI - Plutonium distribution in Rocky Flats soil. PMID- 711457 TI - The influence of exhalation, ventilation and deposition processes upon the concentration of radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their decay products in room air. PMID- 711459 TI - Neutron streaming measurements at an 850-MWe pressurized water reactor and subsequent shielding recommendations. PMID- 711458 TI - A simple electrometer--ratiometer of high sensitivity and precision. PMID- 711460 TI - A simple filter method for measuring peak voltage and inherent filtration of pulsating potential x-ray machines. PMID- 711461 TI - Recent developments for field monitoring of alpha-emitting contaminants in the environment. PMID- 711462 TI - A critique of the determination of atmospheric stability categories for assessing airborne releases of radionuclides. PMID- 711463 TI - The relative uptake of 237Pu(IV) and Pu(VI) oxidation states from water by bush beans. PMID- 711464 TI - Effect of extremely low radiation dosages on synchronized cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. PMID- 711465 TI - Field applications of a radon barrier to reduce indoor airborne radon progeny. PMID- 711466 TI - A general formula for the measurement of concentrations of radon and thoron daughters in air. PMID- 711467 TI - A comment on "three decades of nuclear testing". PMID- 711468 TI - [Arthroses of the upper ankle joint after direct injuries to the joint]. PMID- 711469 TI - [The tibia-calcanear arthrodesis]. PMID- 711470 TI - [Arthrosis of the neighboring joints after upper ankle joint arthrodesis]. PMID- 711471 TI - [Prostheses of the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 711472 TI - [Incongruency arthrosis]. PMID- 711473 TI - [The anatomy of the lateral ligaments of the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 711474 TI - [Biomechanical aspects of fibular ligament replacement]. PMID- 711475 TI - [Plastic surgery of the peroneus brevis as a muscle-activated dynamic ligamental replacement]. PMID- 711476 TI - [Fibulotalar ligament replacement using the plantaris tendon]. PMID- 711477 TI - [Talofibular-calcaneofibular ligament replacement with homologous lyophilized gamma ray sterilized dura mater]. PMID- 711478 TI - [The pedicled periosteal flap as a possibility for outer ligament replacement]. PMID- 711479 TI - [Experiences with a modified Watson-Jones method in fibular ligament instability in the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 711480 TI - [Clinical aspects of upper ankle joint arthrosis]. PMID- 711481 TI - [Conservative therapy of upper ankle joint arthroses]. PMID- 711482 TI - [Late treatment after malleolar fractures. Technic--results]. PMID- 711483 TI - [Corrective interventions in the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 711484 TI - [Pseudarthroses of the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 711485 TI - [The upper ankle joint arthrodesis. Indication--technic and results]. PMID- 711486 TI - [Problems in the treatment of children with myelomeningocele. Changes in the indications for surgery during the last 30 years]. PMID- 711487 TI - [Orthopedic problems of the lower extremities excluding the hips, in meningomyelocele]. AB - Four types of problems relating to the lower limbs, hips excluded are reviewed in connection with myelomeningocele. These are essentially deformities and instability. Deformities follow three patterns: prenatal due to uterine pressure on paralyzed limbs, postnatal either postural or secondary to muscular imbalance. Various means of preventing these deformities are exposed. Lower limb stabilization by means of more or less extensive bracing according to the level of the initial lesion is described. Emphasis is put on early weight bearing and gait training in these patients. Problems of skin lesions and of spontaneous fractures are mentioned. PMID- 711488 TI - [The treatment of the feet in meningomyelocele]. AB - Experiences in management of paralytic foot deformities in 30 children and adolescents with myelomeningoceles are reported. Suitable reconstruction of foot form can be achieved regularly with the help of early manipulation, walking plasters and orthopaedic surgery. However, the impairment of sensation remains unchanged. The polypropylene solid ankle orthosis has proved particularly useful for maintaining good weight-bearing abilities of the foot combined with partial load transfer to sensitive skin regions below the knee joint. PMID- 711489 TI - [Own experiences in the orthopedic treatment of meningomyelocele]. AB - 30 myelomeningocele patients which were surveyed at Zurich's Children's Hospital and at the Wilhelm Schulthess Clinic in the years from 1962 to 1976 have been postexamined. Significant for the rehabilitation of these children in respect for the gaining of their best ever possible independence and capability to walk are primarily the neurosegmental level of the lesion, the remaining motor power as well as intelligence and motivation. Of secondary significance is the orthopaedic operation whereby specifically the correction of fixed deformity is important. The quantity of anesthesias should be hold at minimum, bilateral hip-dislocations can be left alone, and psoas-transfers (SHARRARD) should be made on children with strong quadriceps only. PMID- 711490 TI - [Hereditary angioneurotic edema. Clinical aspects, pathogenesis and therapy]. AB - A family with hereditary angioedema is presented. In 4 members of the family the diagnosis was confirmed by decreased C1 esterase inhibitor levels. Clinical course and pathogenesis are described briefly. New ways of treatment are discussed, especially injection of purified C1 esterase inhibitor and stimulation of C1 esterase inhibitor synthesis by oral therapy with attenuated androgens. PMID- 711491 TI - [Juvenile pernicious anemia with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency and intermediate intrinsic factor secretion in the parents]. AB - A 11 1/2-year-old girl of Turkish origin showed symptoms and signs of pernicious anaemia with low B12 level in blood but normal gastric acid secretion. There were no antibodies to mucosal cells or intrinsic factor. Quantitative determination of intrinsic factor in gastric juice, done by a RIA method, proved absence of the factor. Both parents had normal values for haemoglobin, normal B12-absorption tests and slightly decreased B12 blood levels. The gastric acid secretion was normal in both, but intrinsic factor in the gastric juice was decreased markedly. These findings support the hypothesis that congenital pernicious anaemia, e.g. congenital absence of intrinsic factor, is transmitted by an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 711492 TI - Protein-losing enteropathy due to segmental erosive and ulcerative intestinal disease cured by limited resection of the bowel. AB - Two children suffering from extensive intestinal protein loss due to subacute and chronic segmental small bowel disease are presented. In the first case a tentative diagnosis of chronic erosive and ulcerative non-granulomatous jejunitis as described in adults was made. The second child suffered from subacute erosive and ulcerative segmental transmural ileitis following mechanical ileus. In both instances resection of the involved segments of small intestine promptly cured the enteric protein loss. It is suggested that excessive protein loss due to subacute or chronic segmental erosive and ulcerative intestinal disease may be cured definitively by surgical resection. An explorative laparotomy should be performed if broad internistic investigations do not provide an explanation for the severe and prolonged enteric protein loss. PMID- 711493 TI - Hypophosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism in a case of Bartter's syndrome. AB - In an 18-year-old boy with Bartter's syndrome, hypophosphatemia was discovered (2.4 mg/100 ml) with normal serum calcium concentration (9.7 mg/100 ml) and elevated alkaline phosphatase level: 528 mU/ml (normal less than or equal to 150). Skeleton X-rays showed osteomalacia on the pelvic bones and metaphyseal rickets on the wrists. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHCC) concentration was 7.2 ng/ml (normal = 13 +/- 4.4), and serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration 160 micron1Eq/ml (normal less than or equal to 150). Ca infusion (1500 mg/m2/12 h) induced an increase in serum P level to 3.2 mg/100 ml, in tubular phosphate reabsorption from 72 to 90%, while serum iPTH decreased to 33 micron1Eq/ml. Vitamin D2 administration (45 mg) resulted in increased 25-OHCC concentration to 28 ng/ml and in healing of pelvic osteomalacia. However, there was little change of the radiological aspect of the wrist and of serum phosphorus and iPTH concentrations. In a control 6-year-old hypokalemic girl, administration of parathyroid hormone (8 USP/kg) produced a marked phosphaturic response and an increase in urinary cyclic AMP excretion. These data suggest that hypophosphatemia can be attributed to secondary hyperparathyroidism in the patient with Bartter's syndrome. Hypokalemia does not impair the renal activity of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 711494 TI - [Treatment of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. An example of the problem with interpretation of clinical therapeutic results]. PMID- 711495 TI - [Fatal outcome of retinoblastoma. Retrospective study of 22 patients]. AB - 18 patients of 22 lethal cases of retinoblastoma died of recurrence or metastases of the primary tumor, which were mostly located in the head. Two clinical groups can be distinguished. In the patients with recurrence from the side of the enucleated eye, the mean survival time was 26 months, whereas the four children with a relaps originating in the conservatively treated eye survived 23 to 65 months. Two other children died of secondary tumors, and two of unrelated disease. PMID- 711496 TI - Value of serum thyroxine measurements for the management of congenital hypothyroidism in children. AB - Fourteen cases of primary congenital hypothyroidism were studied and separated for the analysis purpose into two groups. Group A consisted of 7 children whose hypothyroidism was diagnosed after 1971 and the therapy by thyroid gland extracts evaluated by regular serum thyroid hormone determinations. Group B was made of 7 children whose disease was diagnosed and treated before 1971. Two periods were therefore studied in group B: first period, before any hormonal determinations (as a growth control period for group A), and second period, during which hormonal determinations were made and taken into consideration for the dosage. Although growth patterns were similar in both groups, mean thyroid extracts dose was 63 +/- 25 mg/m2/day (mean +/- SD) during follow-up with hormonal determinations, while it was markedly higher during the first period of group B (125 +/- 76, range 46.1 to 219.9 mg/m2/day). The mean dose of 63 +/- 25 mg/m2 induces a mean level of plasma thyroxine of 82 +/- 32 microgram/1 (mean +/- 1SD), a normal growth (with catch-up growth in the patients who had a retarded growth), and a good psychomotor development. Regular measurements of serum thyroxine during therapy seems to be a valid parameter for determining the dose of thyroid gland extracts necessary for adequate substitution. Serum=1-triiodo-thyronine levels have more fluctuations than thyroxine. Serum TSH mainly prevents the underdose of patients but cannot help in case of overdose. The suggested dose for treatment of such patients is 88 mg/m2/day (= 63 + 1SD). PMID- 711497 TI - Liver involvement in cystic fibrosis. A report of 9 cases. AB - 9 out of 204 unselected cystic fibrosis (CF) patients seen at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Berne, Switzerland, over the last 20 years had clinically overt liver disease. In 7 patients liver cirrhosis was demonstrated (3.4%). Focal biliary cirrhosis was the pertinent finding in 3 cases, whereas another 3 showed unspecific nodular cirrhosis. One infant presented with prolonged obstructive jaundice due to partial extrahepatic atresia and delayed passing of meconium. Two other patients had steatosis. A review of the literature dealing with clinical and laboratory findings in CF patients with liver disease is given. PMID- 711498 TI - [BCG vaccination, cancer and infectious mononucleosis. A retrospective study of hospitalized patients]. AB - A retrospective study (1966--1976) of patients hospitalized for cancer was carried out to determine a possible relationship with BCG vaccination, with a control group matched for age and sex and a similar study concerning infectious mononucleosis. Among 105 patients with cancer, 54 (51.42%) had been previously vaccinated with BCG, 56 (53.33%) in the control group, and 22 (33.84%) among the 65 patients with infectious mononucleosis (p less than 0.05, x2). The mean age on admission for cancer or infectious mononucleosis among vaccinees is significantly older than among non-vaccinees, suggesting a transient protection afforded by vaccination. These results need to be confirmed by a prospective study with Epstein-Barr virus serology. PMID- 711499 TI - [Transient diabetes mellitus in a dystrophic newborn infant]. AB - We report a female small for date neonate, who developed transient diabetes mellitus (TDN) five days after birth and required insulin therapy for five weeks. At the onset of the disease, plasma insulin concentration was extremely low. At four weeks of age, after insulin withdrawal, the patient was still hyperglycemic, and basal insulin values assayed over a period of 24 h were mostly inadequate. Glucagon secretion was not suppressed. Growth hormone levels were lower than those of three small for date infants of the same age. At three months of age, the patient was still intolerant to an oral glucose load, insulin secretion remained inadequate while glucagon paradoxically increased 30 min after glucose challenge. The oral glucose tolerance values were in the normal range at six months of age. We conclude that TDN is caused by a transitory defect of insulin secretion, which would also explain the glucagon response as a consequence of insulin deficiency. We found no evidence associating the insulin antagonists observed in our study with the pathogenesis of this illness. PMID- 711500 TI - Endocrine dysfunction in the diencephalic syndrome of emaciation in infancy. AB - A 10-month-old boy with the clinical features of the diencephalic syndrome of emaciation due to a suprasellar spongioblastoma is described. The patient showed high basal levels of growth hormone (GH greater than 80 muU/ml on several occasions). In addition, elevated concentration of plasma testosterone (125.5 ng/100ml) was combined with a relatively high LH-increase to LHRH (45.6 mU/ml). After completion of irradiation basal GH-levels had been normalized, and GH responses to insulin induced hypoglycemia (IIH) and propranolol-glucagon (PG) were adequate. Complete clinical remission of emaciation occurred soon after radiation therapy and went parallel with the normalization of GH-regulation. PMID- 711501 TI - A new familial defect in neutrophil bactericidal activity. AB - A 4-year-old boy with recurrent infections and his clinically healthy father showed a severe, isolated defect in bactericidal activity of peripheral neutrophil leukocytes (the mother and the only sister were normal). Lymph nodes, spleen and liver of the child presented a massive infiltration by macrophages. Such infiltration and the segmentary albinism of the hair resemble traits of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome, but some of the most relevant traits of this syndrome are absent, since all other neutrophil functions were normal in our patient. PMID- 711502 TI - Hyperornithinemia and gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina. Report of a case. AB - A case of hyperornithinemia and gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina has been observed in a 3-year and 9-month-old girl. She presented also mild mental retardation, delayed language development and speech defects. The restriction of protein intake to a minimum of 0.8 g/kg/day induced a significant reduction of plasma ornithine levels. In some of the previous reports of the syndrome, a deficient ornithine-ketoacid transaminase activity has been found in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 711503 TI - [A case of endothelial splenic cyst in an infant]. AB - The authors report a case of isolated splenomegaly in a healthy 7-year-old boy, not showing any other clinical or biological anomaly. The radiological examination (selective arteriography of left renal artery) and spleenscan were compatible with an intrasplenic process. The splenectomy was performed. The spleen was large (15/20 cm) and demonstrating a cystic lesion in the inferior pole. Histological examination revealed polycystic formations covered with endothelial type cells and associated with angiomatous multifocal lesions. Differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the spleen is discussed and complete preoperative investigation is stressed. PMID- 711504 TI - Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis. Case report. PMID- 711505 TI - Effects of exogenous secretin on gastric secretion in rats--comparative study of crude and refined types of secretin. PMID- 711506 TI - Immunological study on cigarette smokers. Part I. Serum protein pattern in smokers. PMID- 711507 TI - Metabolism of bile acids. VI. Metabolism of chenodeoxycholic acid in female rats. PMID- 711508 TI - Metabolism of bile acids. VII. Metabolism of ursodeoxycholic acid in female rats. PMID- 711509 TI - The influence of dietary cholesterol on the lithogenesity of bile in rats treated with clofibrate. PMID- 711510 TI - A simple and rapid screening method of amino acids and amines in biological samples. PMID- 711511 TI - Determination of tissue histamine and spermidine by means of high-performance liquid-chromatography. PMID- 711512 TI - Silver impregnation methods for reticulum fibers and reticulin: a re investigation of their origins and specificity. AB - Maresch (1905) introduced Bielschowsky's silver impregnation technic for neurofibrils as a stain for reticulum fibers, but emphasized the nonspecificity of such procedures. This lack of specificity has been confirmed repeatedly. Yet, since the 1920's the definition of "reticulin" and studies of its distribution were based solely on silver impregnation technics. The chemical mechanism and specificity of this group of stains is obscure. Application of Gomori's and Wilder's methods to human tissues showed variations of staining patterns with the fixatives and technics employed. Besides reticulum fibers, various other tissue structures, e.g. I bands of striated muscle, fibers in nervous tissues, and model substances, e.g. polysaccharides, egg white, gliadin, were also stained. Deposition of silver compounds on reticulum fibers was limited to an easily removable substance; the remaining collagen component did not bind silver. These histochemical studies indicate that silver impregnation technics for reticulum fibers have no chemical significance and cannot be considered as histochemical technics for "reticulin" or type III collagen. PMID- 711513 TI - The histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in the ovarian follicles of adult mice. AB - In the ovarian follicles of adult mice, complex carbohydrate-containing structures have been studied by means of light microscopic histochemical methods. In the ovarian follicles, the zona pellucida of oocytes, follicular fluid and intercellular matrix of the granulosa layer are found to exhibit positive reactions for complex carbohydrates with 1,2-glycol and acidic groups and alpha-D mannosyl and alpha-D-glucosyl residues. The present histochemical analyses have revealed that the complex carbohydrates common to the three types of the structures are hyaluronic acid, sulfated glycosaminoglycans other than isomeric chondroitin sulfates and neutral glycoproteins and that sialic acid is a particular moiety of the zona pellucida, whereas isomeric chondroitin sulfates being that of the follicular fluid and intercellular matrix of the granulosa layer. The histophysiological activities of the carbohydrate-containing structures have been discussed with special reference to their histochemical properties determined in the present study. PMID- 711514 TI - Concanavalin A receptors in normal and inflamed oesophageal epithelium. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - We have examined normal and inflamed oesophageal biopsies for the distribution of alpha-D-mannosyl and alpha-D-glucosyl residues using the concanavalin A--horse radish peroxidase--Diamino-benzidine (DAB) technique at the light and electron microscope level. Receptors were found on the epithelial surface and in the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. A similar distribution was found with the intrusive lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the inflamed state. Some of the increased intercellular debris from inflamed biopsies contained concanavalin A receptors. PMID- 711515 TI - [Inner ear disturbance following long-term usage of hormonal contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of either unilateral or bilateral irreversible hearing loss are reported in young women following long-term usage of hormonal contraceptives. Two different forms of the hearing disturbance and their causes are described, taking into consideration related neurological, medical and ophthalmologic literature. From this material, guidelines for clinical practise are proposed. PMID- 711516 TI - [Disturbances of taste from oral disinfectants (author's transl)]. AB - Oral disinfectants containing chlorhexidine or hexetidine are able to produce disturbances of taste, as demonstrated by Krarup's electrogustometric method and the gustometric method of Harris and Kalmus. Hypo- and dysgeusia are characterized by dissociated disturbances, the most prominent of which concerns the sweet perception. The bitter taste is least affected, whereas the effects on salty and acidic tastes range between that for sweet and bitter. Taste disturbances which include ageusia for 48 h were observed when the tongue was touched with a 20% solution of chlorhexidine. Not only the disinfectants themselves provoked dysgeusia but also other "taste improving" agents (particularly, the volatile oild). In addition to dysgeusia, the authors found disturbances of the mucous membrane sensitivity caused by the test substances. PMID- 711517 TI - [Sudden deafness and vestibular failure in the cervical syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Acute onset deafness with vestibular failure in the cervical syndrome could be due to embolism of the labyrinthine artery. Probably the symptomatology of the cervical syndrome developes independantly. Two patients with sudden deafness and vestibular failure are reported. Embolism of the labyrinthine artery in at least one of these patients appears to have occurred. The prognosis in respect of recovery of function is unfavourable. PMID- 711518 TI - [Cortisol blood level in children with subglottic laryngitis (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical observations have shown that fear of suffocation aggravates respiratory tract occlusion in children with subglottic laryngitis (s.l.). In similar situations of emotional stress, changes occur in the function of the adrenal glands. The author's observations lead to the conclusion that rapid intravenous injection of glucocorticoids results in the alleviation of symptoms endangering a child's life so that in a majority of cases a tracheotomy is no longer necessary. Cortisol blood level was estimated by the technique of de Moor as modified by Derech and Golebiowska. These levels were then determined in 20 children with s.l. not treated with glucocorticoids before hospitalization and 10 children in a control group. In children with s.l., high levels of cortisol were detected at the time of admission. In a few cases 100 microgram/100 ml. After symptoms of s.l. subsided, levels of cortisol resembled those of the control group as seen on primary examination. Administration of ACTH induced a more pronounced increase in cortisol level in children with s.l. than in children of the control group. PMID- 711519 TI - [Spontaneous ethmoid pneumocele in chronic maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis and polyposis (author's transl)]. AB - A 47 year old man with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis and polyposis, in whom for 2 years intraorbital pressure symptoms are experienced on nose-blowing, sneezing and coughing, is presented. Paranasal sinus X-rays demonstrated an intraorbital pneumocoele that increased in size with Valsalva manoeuvre. The diagnosis, pathology and treatment of intraorbital emphysema and pneumoceles are discussed. PMID- 711520 TI - [Testing directional hearing with a modified artificial head recording system (author's transl)]. AB - Previous methods for testing directional hearing are described and a new directional hearing test with a modified artificial head recording system is demonstrated. The new method complies well with natural conditions and allows the possibility of testing different hearing losses. The results of testing in 110 non-exercised subjects are discussed. PMID- 711521 TI - Transport of neonates for intensive care. PMID- 711522 TI - Arterial occlusion in children: report of a case. PMID- 711523 TI - A study of the relationship between Goodwin's high-risk scoring system and fetal outcome. PMID- 711524 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome--physical and intellectual manifestations: comparison of two cases. PMID- 711525 TI - The use of lactulose syrup for the control of hyperammonemia in Reye's syndrome: report of case. PMID- 711526 TI - Hypertension in children. PMID- 711527 TI - Kwashiorkor as a result of food faddism. PMID- 711528 TI - ASTR: friends and relations. American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists 1977 Presidental Address. PMID- 711529 TI - Low dose rate irradiation of advanced head and neck cancers: present status. PMID- 711530 TI - Pharyngeal wall cancer: an analysis of treatment results complications and patterns of failure. PMID- 711531 TI - The relationship of acute to late skin injury in 2 and 5 fraction/week gamma-ray therapy. PMID- 711532 TI - Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 50 MV (Be) neutrons for acute and late skin injury. PMID- 711533 TI - The comparative response of human fibroblast EMT6 and V 79 cells to 50 MeV neutrons. PMID- 711534 TI - The survival of rat mammary gland cells following irradiation in vivo under different endocrinological conditions. PMID- 711535 TI - Spontaneous human lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor target cells- III. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of ionizing radiation. PMID- 711536 TI - Combined radiotherapy and Corynebacterium parvum treatment of rat tumors with different immunogenicity. PMID- 711537 TI - Smoking: the influence of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) on tumor oxygenation and response to radiation. PMID- 711538 TI - Radiation-induced changes in taste acuity in cancer patients. PMID- 711539 TI - Carcinoma of the breast in pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 711540 TI - The prognosis of young women with breast cancer. PMID- 711541 TI - Prophylactic mastectomy for prevention of the second primary. PMID- 711542 TI - Management of inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 711543 TI - Treatment of extensive carcinoma of the cervix with the "transperineal parametrial butterfly": a prelimary report on the revival of Waterman's approach. PMID- 711544 TI - Portal film duplication using instant photography. PMID- 711545 TI - Novel and inexpensive system for interstitial 125I seed implants. PMID- 711546 TI - The promise of low dose rate: has it been realized? PMID- 711547 TI - Time-dose relationships for skin reactions: A comment. PMID- 711548 TI - Extended field para-aortic radiation in cervical carcinoma: the case for prophylactic treatment. PMID- 711549 TI - Symptomatic local tumor failure following abdomino-perineal resection. PMID- 711550 TI - An in vivo investigation of the radiosensitization of metastases by nitroimidazoles. PMID- 711551 TI - Radiosensitization of malignant melanoma--I. The effect of 7-hydroxy chlorpromazine on the in vivo radiation response of Fortner's melanoma. PMID- 711552 TI - 60Co gamma and negative pi meson irradiation of microvasculature. PMID- 711553 TI - Lysozyme levels and macrophage content of tumor tissue in C3H mice bearing fibrosarcoma transplants treated by radiation and Corynebacterium parvum. PMID- 711554 TI - Derivation of cell population kinetic parameters from clinical statistical data (program RAD3). PMID- 711555 TI - Cell survival as a function of depth for modulated negative pion beams. PMID- 711556 TI - The effect of pelvic irradiation on lactose absorption. PMID- 711557 TI - Radical hysterectomy with preoperative intracavitary therapy for stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 711558 TI - The use of custom molds for intracavitary treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 711559 TI - Weekly localization films and detection of field placement errors. PMID- 711560 TI - The treatment of stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease: what is the role of combined modality therapy? PMID- 711561 TI - The four P's of human error in treatment delivery. PMID- 711562 TI - Cancer and coronary artery disease. PMID- 711563 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer: is it a direct cytotoxic or has it an indirect hormone effect? PMID- 711564 TI - Adjuvant castration versus adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 711565 TI - VA/Q inhomogeneity and AaDO2 in man during exercise: effect of SF6 breathing. AB - Pulmonary gas exchange was studied in five normal subjects both at rest and during moderate steady-state exercise on a bicycle ergometer while breathing a) room air and b) a mixture of 20.9% O2-balance sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure differences (AaDO2) widened significantly from rest to exercise. Breathing the O2-SF6 mixture reduced the AaDo2 significantly from 10.9 to 4.2 Torr at rest and from 15.5 to 10.1 Torr during exercise (P less than or equal to 0.01). There were no concurrent changes in metabolism, cardiac output, or heart rate during the SF6 breathing. Possible changes in the anatomic shunt fraction, alveolar-end-capillary equilibration, or the distribution of blood flow cannot account for these observations. We conclude that the AaDO2 increase during exercise reflects an inhomogeneity of ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q) most probably arising within regions of the lung (intraregional inhomogeneity) rather than between regions (interregional inhomogeneity). PMID- 711566 TI - Fibrinogen clearance from alveoli. AB - In experiments lasting 311 +/- 8 (SE) min, we studied the clearance of 125I fibrinogen ([125I])RIF) from distal lung units of anesthetized, ventilated dogs. We instilled varying concentrations of isosmolar, citrated [125I]RIF ranging from 0.75 to 4 mg/ml into alveoli of individual dogs, and we monitored clearance by the use of external detectors and blood and lymph sampling. Approximately 9% [125I]RIF passed into proximal airways according to detector signal analysis. Excluding airway flow, whole lung clearance of [125I]RIF occurred by degradation to small molecules that rapidly became evenly distributed in body extracellular water. The degradation appeared to take place within the distal airway and not within the lung interstitium because 131I-fibrinogen, injected intravenously, was degraded less in passing from plasma to right duct lymph. The intra-alveolar kinetics of [125I]RIF had 1.5 reaction order with a specific rate of 1.27 X 10( 5) ml(3/2)-mg(-1/2)-min(-1). The data indicate that fibrinogen clearance from alveoli occurs by both transbronchial bulk flow and intraalveolar degradation. PMID- 711567 TI - Cardiovascular effects of whole-body heating in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The cardiovascular response to severe whole-body heating was examined in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive (SH) (mean BP = 140 Torr) and normotensive (N) rats (mean BP = 96 Torr). Elevation of colonic temperature to 44 degrees C resulted in an initial increase in arterial pressure (mean BP: SH = 199 Torr, N = 124 Torr) with a subsequent severe hypotension. There was little evidence to suggest that this collapse in systemic pressure was related to a direct heat impairment of cardiac function. It was more likely the result of a progressive venodilation which produced venous pooling and decreased venous return. The arterial blood pressure response to exogenous catecholamine challenge decreased at elevated temperatures. This suggests that there was a deterioration of the vasoconstrictor response and indicated a possible effect of heat at the receptor or effector level. There were significant differences between the responses of normotensive and hypertensive rats to whole-body heating suggesting an enhanced cardiovascular sensitivity in hypertensive rats that may partially explain earlier reports of inferior thermoregulation and heat intolerance in these animals. PMID- 711568 TI - Regional intrapulmonary gas distribution in awake and anesthetized-paralyzed prone man. AB - The intrapulmonary distribution of inspired gas (ventilation/unit lung volume, VI), functional residual capacity (FRC), closing capacity (CC), and the slope of phase III were determined in five awake and five anesthetized-paralyzed volunteers who were in the prone position with the abdomen unsupported. After induction of anesthesia-paralysis, FRC was less in four of five subjects and CC was consistently less. At FRC there was no difference in the vertical gradient of regional lung volumes between the awake and anesthetized-paralyzed prone subjects. Also, there was no difference in VI between the two states. The normalized slope of phase III decreased consistently with induction of anesthesia paralysis, but the vertical distribution of a 133Xe bolus inhaled from residual volume was not different between the two states. The data of the study are compatible with 1) a pattern of expansion of the respiratory system during anesthesia-paralysis and mechanical ventilation different than that during spontaneous breathing and 2) a more uniform intraregional distribution of inspired gas and/or a different sequence of emptying during anesthesia-paralysis. PMID- 711569 TI - Longitudinal changes in basal metabolism in man. PMID- 711570 TI - Camel thyroid metabolism: effect of season and dehydration. AB - The thyroid function of normally hydrated and dehydrated camels was examined in winter, spring, and summer. The thyroid was stimulated in summer when water was available, but was inhibited following dehydration. It is concluded that the decline of thyroid function, as gauged by hormone secretion during dehydration in the summer, aids in preservation of body water by decreasing pulmonary water loss and dropping basic metabolism. PMID- 711571 TI - Pulmonary vasomotion and the distribution of vascular resistance in a dog lung lobe. AB - We examined the influence of stellate ganglion stimulation, hypoxia, and the infusion of norepinephrine, PGF2alpha, serotonin, and histamine on the longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance and intravascular pressures in an isolated left lower lobe of the dog lung using the low-viscosity bolus technique. Sympathetic stimulation, norepinephrine, serotonin, PGF2alpha, and hypoxia increased total pulmonary vascular resistance by increasing the resistance, primarily on the arterial or upstream side of the volume midpoint, whereas histamine increased the resistance near the venous end of the lobar vascular bed. Hypoxia increased the volume upstream from the site of maximum resistance, suggesting that the larger lobar arteries were distended by the elevated lobar artery pressure. Sympathetic stimulation, norepinephrine, PGF2alpha, and serotonin, on the other hand, had little effect on the volume upstream from the maximum resistance, suggesting that these vasomotor stimuli prevented distension of the larger arteries. PMID- 711572 TI - Role of shell diffusion area in incubating eggs at simulated high altitude. AB - Embryonic development is inhibited when eggs are incubated at 9,100 m (0.3 atm) despite a normoxic environment. The problem apparently relates to respiratory gas exchange occurring by diffusion through gas-filled pores in the shell. Gaseous flux is therefore inversely proportional to ambient pressure and is affected by the physical characteristics of the ambient gas (Chapman-Enskog equation). Excess loss of H2O and CO2 occurs in eggs incubating at altitude and could be detrimental. Such increased loss should be correctable by decreasing diffusion area. This was tested by progressively increasing coverage of the shell with paraffin and incubating at simulated 0.3 ATA (225 Torr) in 100% O2. Uncoated eggs failed to hatch, but numbers of chicks increased with increased coverage. Maximum hatch was an extrapolated 90% of controls at 69% shell coverage. With further coverage, hatch size decreased. Egg weight loss, and estimate of H2O diffusion, was around three times controls in uncoated eggs but decreased linearly with paraffin coverage, reaching near normal at maximum hatch. Reduction of diffusion area to 0.3 normal at maximum hatch generally balanced the increased flux predicted for 0.3 ATA. PMID- 711573 TI - Exercise ventilation correlates positively with ventilatory chemoresponsiveness. AB - To determine the relationship of ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia and hypercapnia to exercise hyperpnea, these responses and steady-state exercise ventilation (VE) were measured in 16 athletes during light (1/3 VO2 max) and heavy (2/3 VO2 max) exercise. Both the hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses correlated positively with VE per unit metabolic rate (VE/VCO2) at both exercise levels (P less than 0.05). The contribution of the hypoxic response to normoxic exercise VE was quantified by comparing VE in normoxia to VE during a brief (1 min) exposure to high O2 (PAO2 = 200 Torr). High O2 reduced normoxic exercise VE by a mean of 20% at either exercise intensity. Among individuals this reduction was directly dependent upon the intensity of the hypoxic response, and ranged from 7 to 42% of normoxic VE. After the variable reduction of normoxic VE by hyperoxia, all correlations of ventilatory response with exercise VE were lost except for the correlation of hypercapnic response with heavy exercise VE/VCO2. These findings indicate that the extent of VE in light or heavy exercise is modified by the strength of the hypoxic ventilatory response, and that the hypercapnic response independently correlates with VE during heavy exercise. PMID- 711574 TI - Role of cardiac output in the pressor responses to graded muscle ischemia in man. AB - Ten men repeatedly performed leg exercise (100-150 W) for 7 min with 30-min recovery periods interspersed. Both legs were made ischemic by total occlusion (OCCL), first for 3 min immediately after exercise and second for 30 s before exercise ended and 3 min into recovery. In addition legs were occluded for 3 min at rest (seated). OCCL at rest increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 9 Torr but did not affect cardiac output (CO) or heart rate (HR). OCCL at the end of exercise significantly raised MAP and HR above control values during 3-min recovery but CO was unaffected. OCCL 30 s before the end of exercise further increased MAP and HR significantly during recovery; MAP, CO, and HR were significantly increased above control values (CO by 2.1 1-min-1) during the 3rd min of recovery. We conclude that a strong reflex from ischemic legs maintains normal or elevated CO during leg OCCL. Thus CO was too high relative to total vascular conductance so that MAP was elevated. PMID- 711575 TI - Effects of body position change on thoracoabdominal motion. AB - With a linearized respiratory magnetometer, measurements of anteroposterior and lateral diameters of both the rib cage and the abdomen were made at functional residual capacity and continuously during tidal breathing. Twenty-five subjects with normal respiratory systems were studied in the sitting, supine, lateral decubitus, and prone body positions. When subjects changed from sitting to supine position anteroposterior diameters of both rib cage and abdomen decreased while their lateral diameters increased. Both anteroposterior and lateral tidal excursions of the rib cage decreased; those of the abdomen increased. When subjects turned from supine to lateral decubitus position both anteroposterior diameters increased and the lateral diameters decreased. This was associated with an increase in both lateral excursions and a decrease in the abdominal anteroposterior excursions. Diameters and tidal excursions in the prone position resembled those in the supine position. Diameter changes could be explained by gravitational effects. Differences in tidal excursions accompanying body position change were probably related to 1) differences in the distribution of respiratory muscle force, 2) differences in the activity or mechanical advantage of various inspiratory muscles, and 3) local compliance changes in parts of the rib cage and abdomen. PMID- 711576 TI - Lung vascular permeability following progressive pulmonary embolization. PMID- 711577 TI - Mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus in upper airway obstruction. AB - Pulsus paradoxus, a greater than 10 Torr systolic pressure fluctuation during the respiratory cycle, is seen in upper airway obstruction. To test the hypotheses 1) that blood is pooled in the pulmonary circulation with reduced return to the left heart during inspiration and 2) that inspiration increases left ventricular afterload, the following was done. Esophageal pressure (Pes), pericardial pressure (Pp), left atrial transmural pressure (Platm), and left ventricular transmural pressure at end-isovolumic systole (Plvtm) were recorded during partially obstructed inspirations in spontaneously breathing dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital (25 mg/kg). Changes in Pes and Pp were nearly identical (r = 0.9883) confirming that changes in Pes adequately reflect changes in Pp. During inspiration Platm and Plvtm increased 0.5 and 0.4 Torr, respectively, per Torr decrease in Pes suggesting that increased blood return to left atrium and increased left ventricular afterload occur. Similar changes were observed during near constant thoracic volume (total airway block) and cardiac reflex blockade (atropine 0.05 mg/kg and propranolol 0.5 mg/kg). Thus mechanical factors including left ventricular afterload appear of major importance in producing pulsus paradoxus in upper airway obstruction. PMID- 711578 TI - Effects of exercise training on coronary reactive hyperemia and blood flow in the dog. AB - The reactive hyperemic responses to 10-s coronary occlusions were studied in seven sedentary-control (C) and eight exercise-trained (T) anesthetized dogs, with electromagnetic flowmeters placed on the left anterior descending coronary artery. Radiolabeled microspheres (9 +/- 0.8 micron) were used to measure resting coronary flow per gram and to study the effects of isoproterenol infusion (ISO) (1 mg/kg-min) on total and regional coronary flow. Base-line coronary flow per 100 g was significantly greater in the T dogs (122 +/- 7) than in C dogs (100 +/- 4). During ISO, T and C coronary resistances did not differ significantly, whereas the effects of ISO on total and regional coronary flow were quite different in T dogs as compared to C dogs. C and T hyperemic flow debt repayments did not differ significantly; however, the peak reactive hyperemic flow in T dogs (344 +/- 12%) was significantly greater than the control (306 +/- 10%). Since resting coronary flow per gram was greater in T dogs, the greater peak reactive hyperemic flow implies that T dogs have an increased coronary reserve. Although the mechanisms involved are unclear, the results of this study indicate that chronic exercise training may have beneficial effects on coronary physiology. PMID- 711579 TI - Ventilatory responses to acute CO2 exposure in the rat. PMID- 711580 TI - Relaxed +GZ tolerance in healthy men: effect of age. AB - Fifty-three healthy US Air Force aircrewmen, 26-55 yr old, volunteered for a centrifuge study designed to determine the effect of age on relaxed +GZ tolerance. Each was subjected to G forces of gradual and rapid onset, with G tolerance determined by standardized contraction of peripheral visual fields. Of the subject characteristics studied, only age was positively correlated with rapid-onset G tolerance; both age and weight were positively correlated with gradual-onset G tolerance. A combination of age and weight gave a stronger positive correlation with G tolerance (rapid- and gradual-onset) than did either characteristic alone. No significant negative correlations were observed. We conclude that aging may offer some protection from G stress; there is no evidence that aging leads to a decrement in G tolerance. PMID- 711581 TI - A respiratory jacket for ventilatory measurements in children. AB - The properties of an air-filled polyurethane-coated nylon jacket for measuring volume parameters were determined on a model and in 13 subjects. There was a linear relationship between jacket pressure on a logarithmic scale and the lung volume change over an operating pressure range of 0.7-6 cmH2O. The magnitude of pressure change was frequency dependent. The magnitude of a calibration signal was reduced by superimposed tidal breathing. For the jacket tested, the calibration signal during tidal breathing was 87% of the calibration during apnea. With these properties established, a calibration technique was devised and tested on 13 infants. Corrected tidal volumes (VT) obtained with the jacket correlated well with those obtained with a pneumotachograph (r = 0.986). At the operating pressures used the jacket caused no significant change in functional residual capacity (FRC), VT, or frequency. The jacket is a reliable technique for measurement of VT and immediate changes in FRC in awake children. PMID- 711582 TI - An electrode for PN2O and PO2 analysis in blood and gas. AB - The development of a new polarographic sensor for measuring simultaneously both N2O and O2, in either gas or blood, is described. The cathode is made of silver, and it is shown that silver deposition on normal platinum or gold cathode electrodes can result in an enhancement of a PO2 signal, when measured in the presence of nitrous oxide. Silver can be deposited on the cathode by means of Ag+ ions diffusing through the electrolyte from an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The use of an Ag cathode enables both O2 and N2O signals to be measured. PMID- 711583 TI - A simple technique for measuring alveolar CO2 in infants. AB - We designed a system consisting of a nostril adapter and a catheter for measurement of end-tidal ("alveolar") CO2 in small infants using the Beckman LB-1 analyzer. Using this system, we obtained a capillary-"alveolar" PCO2 difference (PaCO2-PACO2) of 2.4 Torr in 19 normal term infants, 3.5 Torr in 12 preterm infants who had recovered from respiratory distress syndrome, and 9.0 Torr in 4 preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We also found in 5 infants that systems using faster flow rates (140-400 ml-min-1) or slower response times (greater than 0.3 s) reduced the duration of the alveolar plateaus as well as the calculated end-tidal PCO2. In addition, when term infants were not in a steady state, PACO2 values were unreliable and significantly lower than capillary values. We therefore conclude that measurement of alveolar CO2 using our technique is a simple noninvasive way of evaluating newborn pulmonary function. PMID- 711584 TI - Repair of carpometacarpal instability after radiocarpal arthrodesis in a dog. PMID- 711585 TI - The similar locality rule. PMID- 711586 TI - Average incomes of veterinarians in private practice, 1977. PMID- 711587 TI - Effect of interval between booster vaccination and time of breeding on protection against campylobacteriosis (vibriosis) in cattle. AB - Thirteen heifers (group A) given a booster vaccination with Campylobacter fetus 4 1/2 months before breeding to bulls infected with the homologous strain had a pregnancy rate of 54%, compared with a pregnancy rate of 92% for 12 heifers (group B) given a booster vaccination 10 days before the 63-day breeding period began. None of 7 nonvaccinated heifers became pregnant, and all remained infected for at least 136 days. All three groups of heifers were bred by the same infected bulls. Nine of the heifers in group A, but none of the heifers in group B, became infected during the first estrus. Blood serum agglutination titers peaked 2 weeks after the first vaccination but decreased to prevaccination titers 6 weeks later. Titers more than double those produced by one vaccination peaked between 2 and 3 weeks after booster vaccination but in most heifers had decreased to low titers 7 weeks later. When the breeding period began, the median antibody titer was 640 for heifers in group A and 10, 240 for heifers in group B. Indications of an anamnestic response due to natural challenge were not found in any of the 9 infected heifers in group A when serum titers were determined 27 and 34 days after breeding began. Therefore, it appears that in many heifers and cows, only the antibodies produced by booster vaccination will be available to provide protection. Inasmuch as vaccinal antibody titers decrease rapidly, it was concluded that booster vaccinations should be given approximately 10 days before breeding so that titers will be high during the breeding period. PMID- 711588 TI - Evaluation of a transport medium for campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus. AB - A quantitative assessment was performed on a serum enrichment medium for Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus, to test its effectiveness as a transport medium. Abundant yields of C fetus were obtained with an inoculum size of 10(4), even after keeping the medium in air at 22 to 23 C for 4 days prior to incubation at 37 C under microaerophilic conditions. The organism could be isolated from the medium kept in air at 22 to 23 C for at least 2 days, with an inoculum as small as 100 organisms. It was concluded that this formulation comprises a convenient and effective transport medium for field use. Transit time should not exceed 3 days and, ideally, should be restricted to less than or equal to 2 days. At least duplicate vials of transport medium should be inoculated with each sample. PMID- 711589 TI - Anomalous left coronary artery in a calf. AB - An anomalous left coronary artery was seen arising from an ostium in the pulmonary artery in a 4-month-old Hereford calf. Endocardial fibrosis was found in the left atrium and left ventricle. The mitral valve was dilated and thickened. A normal right coronary artery originated from the aorta. PMID- 711590 TI - Age and milk production data of cattle culled from a dairy herd with paratuberculosis. AB - Statistical assessment of age and milk production data revealed a significantly shorter life expectancy and reduced milk production of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected dairy cows, when compared with non-infected herdmates. High producing cows were frequently culled after their 1st or 2nd gestation, contributing to an undetermined economic loss with regard to their potential breeding value. Cows with subclinical infection frequently had problems of infertility and of mastitis. PMID- 711592 TI - Unilateral ureteral ectopia in a Holstein-Friesian heifer. PMID- 711591 TI - Azotemia in cattle. AB - Blood biochemical studies were performed on 21 azotemic cattle with various disease conditions. The cattle were greater than or equal to 4 months old. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations ranged from 41 to 346 mg/dl. The azotemia was determined to be of prerenal origin in 10 cattle and of renal or postrenal origin in 11 cattle. The most consistent biochemical finding was that of hypochloremia. Sixteen cattle had lower than normal concentrations of serum calcium, and 15 had serum inorganic phosphorus concentrations greater than normal. In 17 cattle, the serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus was greater than that of calcium. Plasma sodium content was lower than normal in 9 of the 21 cattle, and plasma potassium concentrations were quite variable. Most of the cattle tended to maintain a normal acid-base status or had metabolic alkalosis. It was concluded that evaluation of biochemical data does not make it possible to determine whether azotemia is prerenal, renal, or postrenal in origin. PMID- 711593 TI - Induced paragonimiasis in cats: clinical signs and diagnosis. AB - Twenty-eight specific-pathogen-free cats were inoculated with 14 to 50 metacercariae of Paragonimus kellicotti obtained from the hearts of naturally infected crayfish. Young flukes excysted in the intestine of cats and appeared in the peritoneal cavity from 1 to 14 days after inoculation (DAI) and in the pleural cavity from 5 to 23 DAI. Flukes penetrated the pulmonary parenchyma and formed hemorrhagic subpleural lesions within 5 weeks after inoculation. Marked eosinophilia developed between 2 and 12 weeks after inoculation. Fluke-containing pulmonary lesions were detected by radiography 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation. Lesions developed most frequently in the right caudal lung lobe. Clinical signs were mild and did not appear until 4 weeks after inoculation. Thereafter, cats appeared dull and coughed intermittently. One cat became dyspneic due to pneumothorax. Paragonimus eggs were first detected at the 34th DAI, using a fecal sedimentation technique. PMID- 711594 TI - Cutaneous asthenia in a dog. PMID- 711595 TI - Soft tissue sarcomas in the cat. PMID- 711596 TI - Portal hypertension secondary to a right atrial tumor in a dog. AB - A German Shepherd Dog was examined because of ascites and hepatomegaly. The finding of proteinaceous ascitic fluid and hepatic histologic features of centrizonal sinusoidal congestion suggested hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Diagnostic tests eliminated heart failure from the differential diagnosis and thus indicated an obstruction between the right atrium and hepatic sinusoids. Vascular manometry and angiography established the site of the lesion in the right atrium and confirmed portal vein hypertension. Surgical exploration revealed an unresectable right atrial tumor occluding the caudal vena cava. PMID- 711597 TI - Acquired achalasia (megaesophagus) in a dog: clinical features and response to therapy. AB - Acquired megaesophagus was diagnosed in a mature mixed-breed dog. The onset of clinical signs, pattern of esophageal motility, and response to surgery differed from these factors in dogs with congenital megaesophagus. The dog improved following esophagomyotomy and feeding from an elevated container. Emptying of the esophagus improved postsurgically. PMID- 711598 TI - Lymphangioma in four dogs. AB - Lymphangioma, a rare benign tumor of lymph vessels, was diagnosed in 4 dogs. The lesions were in the nasopharynx, retroperitoneum, axilla, and medial aspect of thigh. Treatment was either surgical excision or marsupialization. PMID- 711599 TI - Tall larkspur poisoning in cattle and sheep. PMID- 711600 TI - Surgical approach for medial meniscectomy in the horse. AB - After preliminary studies on cadavers, a surgical approach was developed for removal of the medial meniscus, offering maximal exposure and minimal trauma to the articular surfaces of the medial tibial plateau and femoral condyle. Medial meniscectomy was then performed on 10 clinically normal horses that had been given general anesthesia. Nine horses were euthanatized at intervals of 1 to 6 months, and the joints were evaluated grossly and histologically. (One horse will be examined 1 year after surgery). Medial meniscus tears were diagnosed in 5 horses; medial meniscectomy was done on 4 horses and 1 horse was rested. Removal of the medial meniscus was considered feasible in the horse, but the resulting degree of locomotor impairment varies. Prognosis for surgical removal of the medial meniscus was considered to be guarded to good. PMID- 711601 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension in a cat. PMID- 711602 TI - Veterinary medical competence and the law. PMID- 711603 TI - Clinical and clinicopathologic observations in induced malignant catarrhal fever of cattle. AB - In an epizootic of malignant catarrhal fever in 1976/1977 in southern California, 166 cows (17%) died. Blood from one of those cows was used in transmission studies involving 8- to 14-month-old steers. In 17 (74%) of 23 inoculated steers, the disease was reproduced. The clinical signs in 8 of the diseased steers were characterized by an initially mild intestinal form of the disease, which suddenly fulminated and terminated in death within 1 to 3 days. No lesions or only mild oral or ocular lesions were noticed in this group, but in the other steers, such lesions predominated. It was concluded that a subtle form of the disease can terminate in acute fatal indigestion. PMID- 711604 TI - Effect of local anesthesia of the penis and dorsal penile neurectomy on the mating ability of bulls. AB - Eleven bulls were used to study the effect of the loss of nerve sensitivity in the free portion of the penis and glans penis on their ability to copulate. The loss of sensitivity was induced by topical anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia, and dorsal penile neurectomy. Topical anesthesia of the glans penis reduced the ability of the bulls to search for and to locate the vagina and to complete copulation; however, all bulls eventually copulated. Topical anesthesia of the free portion of the penis and glans penis blocked the ability of all bulls to copulate. Infiltration of the glans penis with lidocaine resulted in bulls failing to ejaculate, indicating the need for input from deep nerve receptors. Ten of the eleven bulls with unilateral neurectomy were able to copulate, but a longer time was required. In the one bull that failed to complete intromission and ejaculation, the sectioned nerve made up 75% of the nerve mass to the distal end of the penis, leaving only a small number of functional fibers. With this small number of fibers, there may have been insufficient sensory input to elicit the thrusting responses and to cause the animal to ejaculate. Bulls with bilateral neurectomy were unable to copulate. PMID- 711606 TI - Acquired bilateral cortical cataracts in mature sows. AB - Bilateral cortical cataracts developed in approximately 30% of all sows greater than or equal to 2 1/2 years old on 4 farms in southwestern Ontario and on 2 farms in Quebec. A cataractogenic agent was not established, but hygromycin B was suspected as the cause. PMID- 711605 TI - Evaluation of phosmet for the control of the common scabies mite on cattle. AB - Thirty-four young range cattle heavily infested with the common scabies mite, Psoroptes ovis, were dipped in phosmet (O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(mercaptomethyl)phthalimide) in 15 trials. All concentrations from 0.15% to 0.25% that were applied once failed in at least one trial, but all concentrations from 0.075% to 0.20% were successful in eradicating mites when used twice at 7- to 10-day intervals. One single dip tried at 0.30% also was successful. Uninfested yearlings were dipped in 0.30% phosmet without apparent intoxication, but 2-year-old cattle treated in a spray-dip machine at 0.40% active ingredient became depressed and stiff gaited. PMID- 711607 TI - Repair of fractured dens of the axis in a foal. AB - Quadriplegia of 4 days' duration in a 3-week-old foal was caused by displacement of the dens of the axis due to a fracture at the dens growth plate. The displacement was reduced and was immobilized surgically. Two months after surgery, the foal was able to rise, walk, and trot without apparent neurologic deficiencies. Three years later, the only defect was a mild gait disturbance in the left hindlimb seen at a canter and a gallop. PMID- 711608 TI - Goiter in foals caused by excessive iodine. PMID- 711609 TI - Pharyngeal cysts in horses. PMID- 711610 TI - A new route to the synthesis of cyclitol derivatives. AB - Three cyclitol derivatives, 2,4/3-triacetoxycyclohexanone diethyl dithioketal (XVIII), and 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-O-ethyl-2,4/1,3-cyclohexanetetrol (XXA) and 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-O-ethyl-1,2,4/3-cyclohexanetetrol (XXB), have been synthesized via the cyclisation of 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-5,6-dideoxy-D-xylo-hex-5 enose diethyl dithioacetal (XIV) and the cyclisation of 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-5,6 dideoxy-D-xylo-hex-5-enose diethyl acetal (XV) under ultraviolet or direct sunlight, in aqueous acetone. PMID- 711612 TI - Action of cefoxitin and cefamandole on human neutrophil function. AB - Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte chemotaxis was examined in vitro in the presence to two new antibiotics: cefamandole and cefoxitin. Results indicate that cefamandole inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis to a significant degree only at high antibiotic concentrations of 100 microgram/ml (P less than 0.01) and has no significant effect at normal serum therapeutic range. Cefoxitin was found to produce a 43% inhibition (P less than 0.01) of human in vivo neutrophil chemotaxis at antibiotic concentrations of 100 microgram/ml and have a minimal inhibitory effect (1 approximately 9%) at low concentrations (1 approximately 5 microgram/ml). Both cefamandole and cefoxitin had no significant effect on opsonophagocytosis. PMID- 711611 TI - Cephamycin derivatives: comparison of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of SQ 14,359, CS-1170, and cefoxitin. AB - SQ 14,359 is a new cephamycin-type (7alpha-OCH3) antibiotic belonging to a series containing a 7alpha-ureidoacetyl substituent. The compound is the most potent extended spectrum derivative of this type yet reported, surpassing CS-1170 and cefoxitin by a wide margin. This activity in vitro which extends throughout the Enterobacteriaceae is particularly prominent against Gram-negative organisms that are producers of "cephalosporinase-type" beta-lactamases such as Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter and indole-positive Proteus species. Superior activity also is demonstrated in vitro against streptococci, beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and many Gram negative pathogens resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Experimental chemotherapeutic studies have confirmed these observations in wound and selected systemic infections in mice as well as acute pyelonephritis and meningitis in rats. The pharmacokinetics for each drug including antibiotic bound to serum was similar in both mice and rats. The pharmacokinetic profile in blood and cerebrospinal fluid favored SQ 14,359. PMID- 711613 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of a semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin B (SCH 21420) and five other aminoglycosides. PMID- 711614 TI - Antagonistic mechanism of sulfhydryl compounds on cellocidin activity. PMID- 711615 TI - The chemistry of the rubradirins. I. The structures of rubransarols A and B. AB - The antibiotic rubradirin, C48H46N4O20 was cleaved at an ester function by aqueous methylamine into rubransarol A, C23H23NO8, and a methyl amide, C26H28N4O12. Rubradirin B, C40H33N3O15, was similarly cleaved in methanolic ammonia into rubransarol B, C23H23NO8, and the primary amide, C17H13N3O7. The rubransarols are shown to be unique ansamycins which are isomeric at a double bond in the large ring. PMID- 711616 TI - Trichostatin C, a glucopyranosyl hydroxamate. AB - In addition to trichostatins A and B, a new antifungal antibiotic, trichostatin C was isolated. The structure was shown to be a glucoside of trichostatin A by spectroscopic examinations and chemical degradations. Trichostatin C is presumably the first example of a glucopyranosyl hydroxamate from nature. PMID- 711617 TI - The isolation and characterization of rubradirin B. AB - Rubradirin B, C40H33N3O15, was separated from other components of the rubradirin complex by chromatographic and crystallization procedures. The spectrum of antibacterial activity is similar to that of rubradirin, but the antibiotic is less active. PMID- 711618 TI - Rifamycin R, a novel metabolite from a mutant of Nocardia mediterranea. AB - Rifamycin R is a novel ansamycin produced by a mutant of Nocardia mediterranea; both physical and chemical data indicate that it is 30-demethyl-30-hydroxymethyl rifamycin S. PMID- 711619 TI - G1499-2, a new quinoline compound isolated from the fermentation broth of Cytophaga johnsonii. AB - A new quinoline compound, G1499-2[C18H21NO(I)] is produced by Cytophaga johnsonii. G1499-2 has an unusual structure containing a cyclopropylidene radical. The compound has limited antibiotic activity against a few bacteria. It is not toxic to mice. PMID- 711620 TI - Production of deoxyfrenolicin and a new antibiotic, frenolicin B by Streptomyces roseofulvus strain AM-3867. AB - Two antibiotics of frenolicin group, antibiotic AM-3867 I and II were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces roseofulvus strain No. AM-3867, a soil isolate. The former was a new antibiotic designated as frenolicin B and its structure containing gamma-lactone was determined, while the latter was identified as deoxyfrenolicin having been chemically prepared from frenolicin. PMID- 711621 TI - The structure of the antibiotic griseorhodin C. PMID- 711623 TI - Ionomycin, a new polyether antibiotic. AB - Ionomycin, a new polyether antibiotic with a high affinity for calcium ions, is obtained in pure form from fermentation broths of Streptomyces conglobatus sp. nov. Trejo by solvent extraction. It is unique amongst known polyether antibiotics in that it has a UV absorption maximum at 300 nm. thereby distinguishing it from other antibiotics of its class. The Ca salt has the molecular formula C41H70O9Ca. Ionomycin is a narrow spectrum antibiotic being active against Gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 711622 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of pactamycin and related compounds. AB - All resonances observed in the 13C NMR spectrum of the antitumor antibiotic pactamycin and its degradation product pactamycate have been assigned, employing off-resonance and specific proton decoupling as well as comparison with the 13C NMR spectra of the model compounds m-aminoacetophenone and ethyl 6 methylsalicylate. PMID- 711624 TI - Noboritomycins A and B, new polyether antibiotics. AB - Noboritomycins A and B, two new polycyclic ionophoric polyethers were isolated from a strain of Streptomyces noboritoensis. The crystal structure and absolute configuration of noboritomycin A were established by X-ray analysis of its silver salt C43/63O14Ag. Noboritomycin A is the first metabolic polyether possessing two carboxylic acid functions on the carbon backbone (C-31), namely a free acid and an additional carboxylic acid ethylester group. An unusual spiroketal system as well as a salicylic acid chromophore represent further remarkable elements. Noboritomycin A shows in this respect a structural relationship to salinomycin and lasalocid respectively. Comparison of physico-chemical data, in particular the interpretation of the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, revealed that noboritomycins A and B are structurally closely related, noboritomycin B carrying an ethyl substituent on the aromatic ring in the place of a methyl group present in noboritomycin A. Both metabolites exhibit activity against Gram-positive bacteria and against Eimeria tenella (chicken coccidiosis). PMID- 711625 TI - New antibiotics, enaminomycins A, B and C. I. Producing organism, fermentation and isolation. AB - New antibiotics, enaminomycins A, B and C, were found in the culture broth of streptomycete strain No. 13120, which was identified as Streptomyces baarnensis and designated as S. baarnensis No. 13120. Fermentation of enaminomycins were performed by conventional submerged culture in a 30-liter jar fermentor. Isolation of the antibiotics was performed by centrifugation of the culture broth and adsorption of the antibiotics from the supernatant on a column of activated carbon, followed by elution with aqueous acetone. Enaminomycins A, B and C were separated from each other on a column of Sephadex LH-20. PMID- 711626 TI - New antibiotics, enaminomycins A, B and C. III. The structures of enaminomycins A, B and C. AB - The structures of enaminomycins A and B were determined by their physico-chemical properties and X-ray crystallographic analyses to be 4-amino-2,5-dioxo-7-oxa bicyclo[4,1,0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid and 2-oxo-4-amino-5-hydroxy-5-acetonyl 7-oxa-bicyclo[4,1,0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid, respectively. The structure of enaminomycin C was also determined by the analysis of NMR spectrum and other physico-chemical properties to be 2-oxo-4-amino-5-hydroxy-7-oxa bicyclo[4,1,0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid. PMID- 711627 TI - Production, isolation and chemical characterization of mimosamycin. AB - A procedure is described for the large-scale production of mimosamycin, a satellite antibiotic found in the culture filtrate of Streptomyces lavendulae No. 314. The 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopic data, are explained in terms of the structure of mimosamycin. PMID- 711628 TI - Strong diuretic effect of pepstatin, an acid protease inhibitor. PMID- 711629 TI - Mechanism of action of macromomycin: DNA strand scission, inhibition of DNA synthesis and mitosis. AB - The effects of macromomycin (MCR), a high molecular weight peptide antibiotic, on cell division, DNA synthesis and DNA fragmentation were examined in cultured mammalian tumor cells. When MCR was added to HeLa cell culture simultaneously with [3H]thymidine, inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed depending on the amount of the drug present, although the inhibition was partial even at a high concentration of the drug. Preincubation of cells with MCR for 2 hours before assay was required for the complete inhibition of DNA synthesis. Cell division of synchronized L5178Y cells, arrested at metaphase, was strongly inhibited by MCR, indicating that the inhibition of cell mitosis by the drug was not dependent on the inhibition of DNA synthesis. Strand scission of DNA in MCR-treated cells was observed by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. The fragmentation of cellular DNA occurred at low concentration of the drug and within a very short incubation time (37 degrees C, 5 minutes). At high concentrations of the drug, however, the size of the fragmented DNA remained constant. DNA polymerase activity in isolated nuclei from HeLa and L5178Y cells was stimulated by MCR. These data suggest that MCR works directly on cell nuclei and strand scission of DNA is one of the more important actions of the drug. PMID- 711630 TI - Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XVI. The ionophore-mediated calcium transport and concomitant osmotic swelling of mitochondria. AB - The effects of various carboxylic ionophores on divalent metal cation translocation in mitochondria have been investigated. High levels of divalent cation ionophores lysocellin and lasalocid A (10 approximately 50 micrometer) produced mitochondrial osmotic swelling in Ca2+ or Mg2+ medium, which was associated with an increase of cation influx. The extent of swelling was a function of both the ionophore and cation concentrations in the medium. This effect was larger in mitochondria de-energized by treatment with antimycin A and oligomycin than in respiring mitochondria. On the other hand, the monovalent cation ionophores carriomycin and etheromycin at concentrations of 50 approximately 100 micrometer also induced mitochondrial swelling in Ca2+ medium but were ineffective in Mg2+ medium. Addition of ruthenium red reversed divalent cation ionophore-induced swelling and released Ca2+ from preloaded mitochondria. In contrast, ruthenium red increased monovalent cation ionophore-induced swelling. In a divalent cation-free medium, lysocellin and lasalocid A caused depletion of membrane-bound Ca2+ and released endogenous Ca2+ and Mg2+ from mitochondria, while carriomycin and etheromycin exerted only a limited effect. These results indicate that the divalent cation ionophores affect divalent cation distribution in mitochondria by increasing both influx and efflux of the cations through the inner membrane. PMID- 711631 TI - Physiological disposition of a series of rifamycins in rat: a comparative study. AB - The disposition of four C3-substituted piperazinyl rifamycins was studied in the rat following the intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg of the 14C-labelled antibiotics. Considerable quantitative differences in the pharmacokinetics of these antibiotics were shown in blood levels, tissue distributions and body clearances. Feces were largely the major route of elimination for the parent drug and metabolites. The results suggest that the liver compartimentalization, regulating the biliary excretion, is to be the kinetic parameter affecting the pharmacokinetic behaviour of this class of antibiotics. PMID- 711632 TI - Effects of cycloheximide and streptovitacin A on protein synthesis and gastric secretion in rats. AB - Cycloheximide and streptovitacin A administered in vivo to rats display a similar dual effect on the labelling of soluble liver proteins by valine-14C, and result in a similar enhancement of liver uridine kinase activity. On the other hand, in pylorus-ligated rats, both antibiotics markedly depress gastric secretion, acid output, and the level of mucoproteins and proteolytic activity in secreted juice. Streptovitacin A on a molar basis was in all cases 5 approximately 8 times more effective than cycloheximide. PMID- 711633 TI - A sensitive analytical method for aclacinomycin A and its analogs by thin-layer chromatography and fluorescence scanning. PMID- 711634 TI - Utilization of 13C-13C coupling in structural and biosynthetic studies. XI Biosynthetic studies of coarctatin. PMID- 711635 TI - Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XVII. The structures of lonomycins B and C. PMID- 711636 TI - Effect of season and artificial photoperiod on levels of estradiol-17beta and estrone in blood serum of stallions. PMID- 711637 TI - Changes in respiratory rate and rectal temperature of swine near parturition. PMID- 711638 TI - Effect of intramuscular administration of selenium and vitamine E in dairy heifers on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and blood selenium levels. PMID- 711639 TI - Effect of Orvus ES Paste on acrosome morphology, motility and fertilizing capacity of frozen-thawed boar sperm. PMID- 711640 TI - Effect of estrogens on uterine tone and life span of the corpus luteum in mares. PMID- 711641 TI - Effect of dietary lactic acid content and energy level on rumen lactate metabolism in sheep. PMID- 711642 TI - Response of horses to sweet, salty, sour and bitter solutions. PMID- 711643 TI - [Frequency of cerebrovascular lesions in leprosaria (author's transl)]. PMID- 711644 TI - Antimicrobial drugs in human seminal plasma. PMID- 711645 TI - Treatment of bacteraemia due to anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 711646 TI - Failure of prophylaxis of infective endocarditis following dental treatment. PMID- 711647 TI - Netilmicin therapy of serious Gram-negative bacillary infections. PMID- 711648 TI - Rapid determination of doxycycline based on luciferase assay of bacterial adenosine triphosphate. PMID- 711649 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in infants and children. PMID- 711650 TI - The pharmacokinetics in man of a combination of rifampicin and trimethoprim. PMID- 711651 TI - Synergism of penicillin or ampicillin combined with sissomicin or netilmicin against enterococci. PMID- 711652 TI - Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in a burns unit after stopping routine prophylaxis with erythromycin. PMID- 711654 TI - Do cephalosporins potentiate or antagonize aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity? PMID- 711653 TI - Interaction of fosfomycin with other antimicrobial agents: in vitro and in vivo studies. PMID- 711655 TI - Standardization of MIC testing. PMID- 711656 TI - Absence of bioactive metabolites of ampicillin and amoxycillin in man. PMID- 711657 TI - Inhibition of fast growing mycobacteria with trimethoprim (TMP) PMID- 711658 TI - Serum complement profile in human nephritides. PMID- 711659 TI - Study of subacute hepatitis. PMID- 711660 TI - Electro-diagnostic features of acute lower motor neurone paraplegia. PMID- 711661 TI - Hookworm duodenitis--an endoscopic and gastric secretory study. PMID- 711663 TI - Complement and glomerulonephritis--an overview. PMID- 711662 TI - Acute coronary care. PMID- 711664 TI - Two cases of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome. PMID- 711665 TI - Heterogeneity and distribution of lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of a gram negative marine bacterium. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from Alteromonas haloplanktis 214, variants 1 and 3, separated into three fractions when subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The fractions appeared in the gels as bands which stained for carbohydrate with the periodate-Schiff reagent. Variant 1, a smooth variant of the organism, and variant 3, a rough colonial variant, produced identical banding patterns. Under similar conditions, LPS from Neisseria meningitidis SDIC, Escherichia coli O111:B4, and Salmonella typhimurium LT2 gave rise to one, two, and three bands, respectively. LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) failed to stain clearly with the reagent used. The banding pattern obtained with A. haloplanktis LPS was found not to be due to artifacts produced by the extraction or solubilization procedures employed or to the amount of protein associated with the LPS. When Triton X-100 replaced sodium dodecyl sulfate in the electrophoresis system, LPS failed to migrate into the gel. The lipid A but not the degraded polysaccharide fraction obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the LPS migrated into the gel on electrophoresis. The three carbohydrate-staining bands obtained with A. haloplanktis LPS and referred to as LPS I, II, and III, in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility, were detected in each of the three outer layers of the cell wall of the organism. Estimations from densitometer scans indicated that 17% of the total LPS in the cell was present in the outer membrane, with the remainder divided almost equally between the loosely bound outer layer and the periplasmic space. Of the three fractions, LPS II was present in each of the layers in greatest amounts. Less LPS I and more LPS III were present in the outer membrane than in the periplasmic space. Pulse-labeling studies indicated that LPS I and II may be synthesized independently, whereas LPS III, which appeared only in cells in the stationary phase of growth, may be a degradation product of LPS I. PMID- 711666 TI - Effect of light nitrogenase function and synthesis in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - The metabolic versatility of the purple nonsulfur photosynethetic bacterial permits the expression of either a phototrophic or a dark aerobic mode of growth. These organism also possess nitrogenase activity which may function under semiaerboic conditions. On the basis of these important properties, the light dependence of nitrogenase function and synthesis in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata was investigated. Nitrogenase activity was strictly dependent on light; no activity was observed in the dark, even when energy (ATP) was supplied by oxidative phosphorylation. It was concluded that the low-potential reducing agent required by the nitrogenase-catalyzed reaction could only be generated by a photochemical reaction. Nitrogenase biosynthesis was also largely dependent on light; however, a small amount of synthesis was observed in resting cells incubated in the dark. Resting cells prepared from dark-grown cultures synthesized nitrogenase at high rates upon illumination. The highest stability of nitrogenase in these resting cells was observed when suspensions were exposed to a diurnal pattern of illumination rather than continuous light. Although nitrogenase function and synthesis are closely coupled to photosynthetic activity, the biosyntheses of bacteriochorophyll and nitrogenase are independent of each other and are most probably subject to different regulatory mechanisms by light. PMID- 711667 TI - Modulation of an apparent mRNA pool for extracellular protease in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. AB - Late-log-phase cells of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens have the unusual capacity to produce extracellular protease for over 60 min in the presence of rifampin or actinomycin D at levels which strongly inhibit incorporation of amino acids into cellular protein. If cells are incubated in the presence of high levels of amino acids for 75 min this capacity is exhausted, but it is retained if the incubation is carried out in low levels of amino acids. Transfer of exhausted cells from high to low concentrations of amino acids results in a progressive recovery of the capacity for rifampin-actinomycin-insensitive protease production. The results seem best explained on the basis of the accumulation of a reserve pool of mRNA for extracellular protease. Measurement of the apparent mRNA pool size over 12 h shows a cyclical rise and fall, and these changes correlate with a periodic variation of the rate of protease production. A working hypothesis is presented to account for these observations in terms of a novel control situation over protease mRNA transcription. PMID- 711668 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis, in the presence of tween 20 or sodium deoxycholate, of purified membrane proteins from Acholeplasma laidlawii. AB - Five membrane proteins from Acholeplasma laidlawii have been previously purified on a large scale. These proteins have been used to establish the relationship between the precipitation lines obtained by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of solubilized cell membrane proteins from A. laidlawii in the presence of the neutral detergent Tween 20 or those obtained in the presence of the anionic detergent sodium deoxycholate. This relationship, which was unambiguously established for four of the five proteins, was determined by tandem or "parallel" crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the sodium deoxycholate-solubilized membrane together with the purified proteins. Membranes from strain A of A. laidlawii were composed of proteins, which were immunologically related to and probably identical to membrane proteins from strain B of this organism. PMID- 711669 TI - Kinetics of accumulation of a photodynamically induced cell-surface polypeptide in a species of Arthrobacter. AB - Cells of a species of Arthrobacter were incubated in the light with methylene blue, a dye that sensitizes photooxidative reactions by the production of singlet oxygen. An early and major response by the cells to these conditions was stimulation of synthesis of a single cell-surface polypeptide, 21,000 daltons in mass. The rate of synthesis of this polypeptide reached a maximal level about 30 min after the start of illumination. As a consequence, the amount of this polypeptide increased at least 10-fold during a period of 5 h. The presence of histidine or methionine, scavengers of singlet oxygen, markedly diminished synthesis and accumulation of this polypeptide. Concomitant with the accumulation of this polypeptide on the cell surface was the appearance of an extensive array of pili. PMID- 711670 TI - Characterization and construction of molecular cloning vehicles within Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Four chloramphenicol resistance (Cm) and four tetracycline resistance (Tc) plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus were characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping. All four Tc plasmids had molecular masses of 2.9 megadaltons (Mdaltons) and indistinguishable responses to seven different restriction endonucleases. The four Cm plasmids (pCW6, pCW7, pCW8, and pC221) had molecular masses of 2.6, 2.8, 1.9, and 2.9 Mdaltons, respectively. The four Cm plasmids also differed both in the level of resistance to Cm and in susceptibility to retriction endonucleases. Single restriction endonuclease sites contained within each plasmid included the following: in pCW6 for HindIII, XbaI, HpaII, and BstEII; in pCW7 for HindIII, BstEII, BglII, HaeIII, and HpaII; in pCW8 for HindIII, HaeIII, and HpaII; in pC221 for HindIII, BstEII, and EcoRI. The molecular cloning capabilities of pCW8 and pC221 were determined. Cm and erythromycin resistance (Em) recombinant plasmids pCW12, PCW13, and pCW14 were constructed and used to transform S. aureus 8325-4. A 2.8-Mdalton HindIII fragment from plasmid pI258 was found to encode Em resistance and contain single sites for the retriction endonucleases BglII, PstI, HaeIII, and HpaII. The largest EcoRI fragment (8 Mdaltons) from pI258 contained the HindIII fragment encoding Em resistance intact. Cloning of DNA into the BglII site of pCW14 did not alter Em resistance. Cloning of DNA into the HindIII site of pCW8 and the HindIII and EcoRI sites of pC221 did not disrupt either plasmid replication of Cm resistance. PMID- 711671 TI - Lack of lysogenic induction in "diaminopimelic acid spheroplasts". AB - As part of an attempt to develop a semi-in vitro system of lysogenic induction, using spheroplasts of Escherichia coli K-12 lysogenic for prophage lambda, we prepared spheroplasts by depriving E. coli dap of diaminopimelic acid (DAP spheroplasts). DAP-spheroplasts made from E. coli (lambda cI857) were thermally inducible. However, DAP-spheroplasts of E. coli (lambda) were not inducible by UV light. Thus, it appears that a functional cell wall is required for UV induction of prophage lambda. PMID- 711672 TI - Linkage analysis of Pseudomonas glycinea. AB - The IncP-1 plasmid R68 and variants R68.45 and R68.185 were tested for their chromosome donor ability in a selected recipient of Pseudomonas glycinea PGR12. It was found that variants did not express their selected characteristic of increased donor ability over that of R68 or R68.5, our commonly used donor plasmids. Coinheritance analysis of a variety of crosses provides evidence of a linkage group comprising 11 loci. PMID- 711673 TI - Relationship between extracellular enzymes and cell growth during the cell cycle of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: acid phosphatase. AB - By using the intact cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the activity of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) was compared through the cell cycle with the growth in cell length as a measure of cell growth. The cells of a growing asynchronous culture increased exponentially in number and in total enzyme activity, but remained constant in average length and in specific activity, In a synchronous culture prepared by selection or by induction, the specific activity was periodic in parallel with the increase in average cell length. When hydroxyurea was added to an asynchronous or a synchronous culture by selection, both specific and total activity followed the same continuous pattern as the growth in cell length after the stoppage of cell division. When oversized cells produced by a hydroxyurea pulse treatment to the culture previously syndronized by selection were transferred to a poor medium, they divided synchronously but could hardly grow in the total cell length. In this experimental situation, the total enzyme activity also scarcely increased through three division cycles. These results suggested that the increase in acid phosphatase in dependent on cell elongation. PMID- 711674 TI - Effects of magnesium, calcium, and serum on reversion of stable L-forms. AB - The L-form of Agromyces ramosus was stable in the absence of penicillin when transferred on heart infusion agar containing NaCl and serum. It reverted to its bacterial form, however, when magnesium replaced the serum in this medium. On a dilute medium containing NaCl but lacking serum, the L-form died out unless calcium, magnesium, or serum was added. It grew as the L-form in the presence of calcium of serum but reverted to the bacterial form in the presence of magnesium. Reversion also occurred when magnesium was added to the dilute medium containing serum. Calcium interfered with or prevented the magnesium-induced reversion. The revertant bacterial form resulting from these studies was not NaCl sensitive, as was the case of the bacterial revertant of this organism produced in soil (A. H. Horwitz and L. E. Casida, Jr., Can. J. Microbiol, 24:50--55, 1978). PMID- 711675 TI - Carbon monoxide oxidation by Clostridium thermoaceticum and Clostridium formicoaceticum. AB - Cultures of Clostridium formicoaceticum and C. thermoaceticum growing on fructose and glucose, respectively, were shown to rapidly oxidize CO to CO(2). Rates up to 0.4 mumol min(-1) mg of wet cells(-1) were observed. Carbon monoxide oxidation by cell suspensions was found (i) to be dependent on pyruvate, (ii) to be inhibited by alkyl halides and arsenate, and (iii) to stimulate CO(2) reduction to acetate. Cell extracts catalyzed the oxidation of carbon monoxide with methyl viologen at specific rates up to 10 mumol min(-1) mg of protein(-1) (35 degrees C, pH 7.2). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and ferredoxin from C. pasteurianum were ineffective as electron acceptors. The catalytic mechanism of carbon monoxide oxidation was "ping-pong," indicating that the enzyme catalyzing carbon monoxide oxidation can be present in an oxidized and a reduced form. The oxidized form was shown to react reversibly with cyanide, and the reduced form was shown to react reversibly with alkyl halides: cyanide inactivated the enzyme only in the absence of carbon monoxide, and alkyl halides inactivated it only in the presence of carbon monoxide. Extracts inactivated by alkyl halides were reactivated by photolysis. The findings are interpreted to indicate that carbon monoxide oxidation in the two bacteria is catalyzed by a corrinoid enzyme and that in vivo the reaction is coupled with the reduction of CO(2) to acetate. Cultures of C. acidi-urici and C. cylindrosporum growing on hypoxanthine were found not to oxidize CO, indicating that clostridia mediating a corrinoid-independent total synthesis of acetate from CO(2) do not possess a CO oxidizing system. PMID- 711676 TI - Role of metalloprotease in activation of the precursor of staphylococcal protease. AB - A metalloprotease was isolated from the culture medium of a mutant of Staphylococcus aureus strain V8. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 38,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an optimum pH of 7.0 and exhibited a specificity for peptide bonds on the N-terminal side of large hydrophobic residues. The protease was fully inactivated by 0 phenanthroline but could be reactivated by zinc ions. Cobalt may be substituted for zinc, producing an activity which corresponds to 160% of that of the native enzyme. All these data indicate that this protease is a typical bacterial neutral metalloprotease. The role of this metalloprotease in the activation of the precursor of another protease secreted by the same organism, staphylococcal protease, has been identified. Mutants which lack the metalloprotease accumulated the precursor, which can be specifically activated by the addition of the purified metalloprotease or the related enzyme thermolysin. The purification of the precursor is also reported. PMID- 711678 TI - Coordinated regulation of octopine degradation and conjugative transfer of Ti plasmids in Agrobacterium tumefaciens: evidence for a common regulatory gene and separate operons. AB - By using the analog noroctopine, mutants of agrobacterium tumefaciens were isolated with altered regulation patterns for the Ti plasmid-borne octopine utilization genes. These could be divided into three classes: (i) strains with a constitutive level of octopine enzymes and a high degree of spontaneous Ti transfer; (ii) one strain with constitutive octopine enzymes but no spontaneous Ti transfer; and (iii) strains with an altered inducibility in which, contrary to the wild-type Ti plasmid, conjugation and octopine utilization were induced by noroctopine. These results are best explained by the activity of a common regulatory gene. In a second step, using homo-octopine, mutants were isolated with lesions preventing the utilization of octopine. All mutations were plasmid borne and did not prevent the induction of tumors. Plasmids of two isolates were characterized by large deletions resulting in a decreased virulence and the absence of octopine in the tumor. With a plasmid carrying an inserted transposon Tn1, a significant number of strains were isolated which were unable both utilize octopine and to transfer the Ti plasmid. This suggests that there may be another common factor--presumably positive--between these traits. Transfer-negative mutants were still virulent. This seems to exclude a role for the conjugative transfer during the process of plant tumor induction. A way to test octopine oxidase by the use of permeable cells is described. PMID- 711679 TI - Isolation and characterization of Caulobacter crescentus flagellar hooks. AB - The basal hook structure of the flagellar organelle Caulobacter crescentus was isolated from release flagella. Hook preparations contained a single major proteins species of 73,000 molecular weight and proteins in smaller amounts that may be minor hook components. Hooks isolated from C. crescents CB13B1a and CB15 were immunologically cross-reactive. PMID- 711680 TI - Potentiometric titration of the high- and low-potential 4Fe-4S* centers of Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I. AB - The high-potential 4Fe-4S* center ofAzotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I has been titrated potentiometrically by a reductive procedure. The absorbance decrease at 510 nm accompanying the reduction of the high-potential center titrated with an Em of 320 mV (n = 1). The low-potential 4Fe-4S* center was titrated by using the absorbance decrease at 410 nm to monitor its reduction. This center exhibited an Em of -424 mV (n = 1). PMID- 711677 TI - Consequences of aspartase deficiency in Yersinia pestis. AB - Growing cells of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, but not those of closely related Yersinia pestis, rapidly destroyed exogenous L-aspartic and L-glutamic acids, thus prompting a comparative study of dicarboxylic amino acid catabolism. Rates of amino acid metabolism by resting cells of both species were determined at pH 5.5, 7.0, and 8.5. Regardless of pH, Y. pseudotuberculosis destroyed L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-aspartic acid, and L-asparagine at rates greater than those observed for Y. pestis. Although rates of proline degardation were similar, its metabolism by Y. pestis at pH 8.5 resulted in excretion of glutamic and aspartic acids. Similarly, Y. pestis excreted aspartic acid when incubated with L-glutamic acid (pH 8.5) or L-asparagine (pH 5.5, 7.0, and 8.5). Aspartase activity was not detected in extracts of 10 strains of Y. pestis but was present in all 11 isolates of Y. pseudotuberculosis. The latter contained significantly more glutaminase, asparaginase, and L-glutamate-oxalacetate transminase activity than did extracts of Y. pestis; specific activities of L-glutamate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase were similar. The observed differences in dicarboxylic amino acid metabolism are traceable to asparatase deficiency in Y. pestis and may account for the slow doubling time of this organism relative to Y. pseudotuberculosis. PMID- 711681 TI - Comparison of lipids from Spiroplasma citri and corn stunt spiroplasma. AB - The qualitative lipid composition of Spiroplasma citri and corn stunt spiroplasma is identical. Small amounts of acylated glucose and steryl glucoside were found. PMID- 711682 TI - Determinism versus indeterminism in behavior. PMID- 711683 TI - Dosage schedule and plasma levels of doxepin and desmethyldoxepin. AB - Plasma levels of doxepin and its metabolite desmethyldoxepin were determined in 7 depressed patients treated with doxepin hydrochloride in 3 divided doses at 1000, 1600, and 2200 hours (t.i.d.), and repeated after changing the dosage schedule to a single daily bedtime (h.s.) dose at 2200 hours. Doxepin and its metabolite were measured at 9000, 1200, 1500, and 1800 hours. None of the individual patients showed clinically significant changes in their plasma concentration of tricyclic antidepressant on the 2 dosage schedules. No difference in the clinical condition of the patients was detected on the 2 dosage schedules using the Zung Self Rating Depression Scale, however patients experienced more morning sedation while on the single h.s. dosage. This study provides pharmacological support for the prescription of doxepin on a once daily basis. PMID- 711684 TI - A star-struck service: impact of the admission of a celebrity to an inpatient unit. AB - The celebrity shares features of the VIP or special patient. The celebrity, however, who refuses to remain anonymous within a hospital setting, often evokes more intense and even specific inappropriate reactions in those around him. His presence creates what the authors call the "star-struck phenomenon." The authors discuss the dynamics that produce this phenomenon. PMID- 711685 TI - Family history of alcoholism in patients with chronic fatigue. AB - Persistent fatigue is a common functional physical complaint. This study reports a possible relationship between parental alcoholism or advanced parental age at the patient's birth and the functional fatigue syndrome. PMID- 711686 TI - Dialysis, depression and antidepressants. AB - The treatment of depression occurring in patients undergoing chronic renal dialysis is discussed. This study was conducted on a Dialysis Unit where 10 Travenol dialyzers of the recycling single by-pass type are used to maintain a total of 22 patients. Imipramine in the usual dosage range and schedule was used when an antidepressant was indicated. PMID- 711687 TI - Suicide and female aggression: a contemporary analysis of anomic suicide. AB - Much has been said about the combined efforts of civil disorder and the emergence of the Women's Right Movement during the mid 1960s-early 1970s, suggesting that perhaps now females would rebel against their traditional subordinate/passive role and aspire to more assertive positions within society. Since social disruption and anomic suicide are closely associated, the authors looked at the relationship between suicide and female assertiveness (aggressive suicides). While male/female suicide rates remained proportional over time, female victims, during this period, did manifest a greater degree of aggression than in the past. PMID- 711688 TI - Adolescent infectious mononucleosis with psychosis. AB - This report describes an adolescent with an acute catatonic schizophrenic illness associated with infectious mononucleosis. The literature and clinical evidence supporting a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis encephalopathy are reviewed. Diagnostic questions in such cases are discussed from a clinical psychiatric perspective. Therapeutic and developmental issues in managing adolescent psychosis of uncertain etiology are explored. PMID- 711689 TI - Thrombocytopenia in the absence of leukopenia associated with the use of neuroleptics. AB - Thrombocytopenia, a fairly uncommon side effect of phenothiazine treatment, usually appears in the presence of a concommitant leukopenia. The authors report 1 patient in whom the illness appeared in the presence of a long known Beta thalassemia but without evidence of alteration in myeloid or lymphoid series. Platelet changes were seen in the presence of a butyrophenone and an aliphatic phenothiazine. A piperazine derivative was used without difficulty. PMID- 711690 TI - Agranulocytosis and chlorpromazine. AB - A case of death associated with chlorpromazine agranulocytosis and the pertinent literature is reviewed. The authors conclude that the condition is cumulative dose related. Elderly, sickly Caucasian females are the population at high risk. Daily evaluation of the need for medication, the cumulative dose, and signs of infection and fever can reduce the incidence. PMID- 711691 TI - Generic drugs. PMID- 711692 TI - Psychiatry on death row. PMID- 711693 TI - Demonstration of somatomedin activity of "multiplication-stimulating activity" in rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture. AB - Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), a substance obtained from conditioned medium of Buffalo rat liver cells, stimulated replication of rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture and their DNA synthesis, sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, protein synthesis, and collagen synthesis. These stimulatory effects of MSA were dose-dependent in serum-free medium, indicating that MSA has intrinsic somatomedin activity. Even after several successive passages, cultured chondrocytes were more responsive to MSA than other organ- and cell-culture systems reported. Therefore, cultured rabbit costal chondrocytes proved a good in vitro system for analysis of somatomedin actions. PMID- 711694 TI - Interaction of mucopolysaccharides with glycosaminoglycans on glycosaminoglycan bound AH-Sepharose 4B. AB - Chondroitinase C, chondroitinase AC, heparinase, and heparitinase separated from an extract of Flavobacterium heparinum were subjected to affinity chromatography with glycosaminoglycan-bound AH-Sepharose 4B, previously coated non-covalently with glycosaminoglycan, as the matrix. The results suggested the importance of coating the matrix with glycosaminoglycan in the binding of the enzyme protein to the matrix. PMID- 711696 TI - Tropomyosin inhibits the interaction of F-actin and filamin. AB - The value of flow birefringence of F-actin was greatly decreased by filamin due to precipitate formation. This precipitate could be dispersed into birefringent filaments by sonication. Tropomyosin inhibited precipitation of F-actin induced by filamin, and no decrease in birefringence occurred when filamin was added to tropomyosin-bound F-actin. Hence it appears that filamin acts on F-actin in non muscle cells similarly to alpha-actinin. PMID- 711695 TI - Binding of troponin components to tropomyosin fragments. AB - Binding abilities of troponin components to two fragments of rabbit skeletal alpha-tropomyosin, one the N-chain (residues 1-189) obtained by specific cleavage at Cys 190 and the other the p-fragment (residues 183-284) of the tryptic product, were investigated by gel electrophoresis. The mixture of the tropomyosin fragments showed a new band of complex with either troponin (T + C) or whole troponin, troponin-(T + I + C), irrespective of the presence of Ca2+ in solution. On the other hand, troponin-T and troponin-(T + I) as well as troponin-C, -I, and -(I + C) had little bindin capacity to the tropomyosin fragments. Thus, troponin C enhances the binding capacity of troponin-T to tropomyosin fragments. A two site binding of troponin-T to tropomyosin is proposed. PMID- 711697 TI - Water-soluble lipoproteins from yolk granules in sea urchin eggs. I. Isolation and general properties. AB - Most of the water-soluble lipoproteins in sea urchin eggs (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) were localized within yolk granules. Under hypotonic conditions, yolk granules released lipoproteins and a 24S protein species as high molecular weight components; the lipoproteins constituted about 40% of the total materials released. Three yolk lipoproteins(YLP-1, 2, and 3, in order of quantity) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and gel filtration. The hydrated densities of YLP 1, 2, and 3 were 1.027, 1.062, and 1.009 g/cm(3), respectively. YLP-1, 2, and 3 contained glyceride as a major lipid in quantities of 3.1, 1.8, and 4.3 times the amount of each protein, respectively. These lipoproteins contained large amounts of carbohydrate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed four major periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive polypeptide bands common to the three lipoproteins. All the constituent polypeptides of the 24S protein were also PAS positive. Electron microscopy of negatively stained YLP-1, 2, and 3 revealed the average diameters to be 36, 29, and 48nm, respectively. The 24S protein appeared to be cylindrical in shape with average exterior dimensions of 10--20 nm. Thin-section micrographs showed that yolk granules are packed with particles around 30 nm in diameter, suggesting that these particles are not the 24S proteins but the lipoprotein particles. PMID- 711698 TI - Evidence for the presence of a serine proteinase(s) associated with the microsomal membranes of rat liver. PMID- 711699 TI - Study on the factors yielding high color in the carbazole reaction with hexuronic acid-containing substances. AB - The color yields with hexuronic acids and hexuronic acid-containing substances were studied by means of the carbazole method of Bitter and Muir with or without 0.025 M borate. The carbazole-borate to carbazole (CB/C) ratios thus obtained indicated not only the degree of the borate effects on the color yields with these materials but also the anomalous nature of some of these substances in the carbozole reaction. The present data indicate that the high color yield with heparin in the carbozole reaction may be due to the production of free amino groups from acid-labile sulfamino groups in the early stage of the reaction, resulting in suppression of protonation on the alpha-D-glucosaminidic oxygen atoms attached to the hexuronic acid residues in the molecule. Moreover, it is suggested that the degree of the unusual color yields in the carbazole reaction with glycosaminoglycans is greatly influenced by the anomeric configuration of the hexosaminyl linkages attached to the hexuronic acid residues in these polymers. PMID- 711700 TI - Study on calcium transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles using fluorescence probes. AB - Fluorescence changes of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid and 3,3'-dipropyl 2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine during Ca transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were studied. The fluorescence of both probes is enhanced corresponding to the rapid initial Ca uptake. The enhancement could be interpreted in terms of increased binding of the former (anionic) dye and decreased binding of the latter (cationic) dye to the vesicles, suggesting a change in the surface charge of the membranes associated with Ca transport. Under limited conditions where Na, K, and Mg were not added exogenously, Ca could be transported without concomitant counter-transport of these cations. PMID- 711701 TI - The determination of molecular weights of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor and the complex of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor and subtilisin BPN' by sedimentation equilibrium. AB - The molecular weight of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI), a protein proteinase inhibitor, and that of the complex of SSI and subtilisin BPN' [EC 3.4.21.14] were determined by a sedimentation equilibrium method in 25 mM phosphate buffer, at pH 7.0, ionic strength 0.1 M (NaCl), 25.0 degrees C. The molecular weight of SSI was found to be 23,000 over a wide concentration range, 0.01-10 mg/ml, the range used for inhibitory, spectrophotometric, and kinetic measurements. Based on the amino acid sequence, the molecular weight of SSI has been calculated to be 11,500 (Ikenaka, T., et al. (1974) J. Biochem. 76, 1191 1209); therefore, the molecular weight of 23,000 obtained above suggests that SSI is in a dimeric form under usual conditions in the concentration range of 5 X 10( 7)-5 X 10(-4) M. The molecular weight of the subtilisin BPN'-SSI complex was determined to be 78,000 in the concentration range of 0.03-5.0 mg/ml by sedimentation equilibrium of the crystallized preparation and by that of a mixture of subtilisin BPN' and SSI treated as a multicomponent-polydisperse system. The molecular weight obtained here, combined with the results of binding stoichiometry (Inouye, K., et al. (1977) J. Biochem. 82, 961-967) that showed that one mol of SSI (molecular weight, 11,500) and one mol of the enzyme (molecular weight, 27,500) are tightly bound (Kd less than 1 nM), demonstrate that one mol of dimeric SSI binds two mol of the enzyme to form a stable complex, E2I2. PMID- 711702 TI - Separation and purification of phospholipid exchange proteins in rat small intestinal mucosa. AB - The cytosol fraction of rat small intestinal mucosa stimulated the transfer of [32P]phosphatidylcholine and [32P]phosphatidylinositol from donor liposomes to acceptor liposomes. The proteins which catalyzed the exchanges were separated into three fractions by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose. One of the fractions was purified 340-fold and stimulated phosphatidylcholine exchange but not phosphatidylinositol exchange. The other two fractions were active in the stimulation of phosphatidylcholine exchange as well as phosphatidylinositol exchange. These two fractions were purified 35-fold and 44-fold over the cytosol fraction with respect to the phosphatidylinositol exchange activity. PMID- 711703 TI - Crystal structure of a protein proteinase inhibitor, SSI (Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor), at 4 A resolution. AB - The crystal structure of a protein proteinase inhibitor, SSI (Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor), which strongly inhibits bacterial alkaline proteinases specifically, was determined at 4 A resolution using four heavy-atom derivatives. The SSI molecule can be described as an ellipsoid of about 30 X 40 X 65 A composed of two identical subunits each having dimensions of about 35 X 25 X 40 A and a molecular weight of 11,483. The subunit has an extensive beta-sheet structure, but no long alpha-helices are present. Based on the binding sites of platinum reagents known to form coordination complexes with methionine, it is speculated that the P1 residue, Met 73, of the reactive site is at the protruding edge of the subunit. At the subunit-subunit interface, a beta-sheet of one subunit is stacked on top of the corresponding beta-sheet of the other subunit. PMID- 711704 TI - "Thermal stability" maps for several double-stranded DNA fragments of known sequence. AB - The origin of cooperatively melting regions in DNA, which appear as fine structures in the optical melting profile, has been examined for DNA fragments of known base sequences from bacteriophages phiX174 and fd. Thermal stability maps, which indicate the states of base pairs along these DNA strands, were constructed within the established theoretical framework using the parameters which best reproduce the melting profiles obtained by high temperature resolution experiments. By comparing these stability maps with genetic maps, it was found that several cooperatively melting regions which span several hundred bases have some correlation with the gene locations. PMID- 711705 TI - Age-related changes in the content of the collagen crosslink, pyridinoline. AB - Pyridinoline is a crosslinking amino acid of collagen fibers. The age-related changes in the content of pyridinoline were followed for collagens from human and rat costal cartilage and Achilles tendon. The pyridinoline content of the collagens in fetal or newborn animals was very low and increased markedly with growth of the animals. In rat tissues, the pyridinoline content continued to increase after the animal had reached maturity. On the other hand, in human tissues, it began to decrease after about 30 years of age. Pyridinoline may serve as an interesting index for the aging of connective tissues. PMID- 711706 TI - Biochemical studies on liver functions in primary cultured hepatocytes of adult rats. I. Hormonal effects on cell viability and protein synthesis. AB - Liver parenchymal cells were isolated from adult rats by digesting liver slices or perfusing liver with collagenase. The cell yields were 1.5 X 10(7) and 1.0 X 10(8) cells/g liver from slices and perfused liver, respectively, and in both cases the cell viabilities and attachment efficiencies were over 90% and 60%, respectively. The cells were viable for more than one week when cultured in Williams medium E with 10% fetal bovine serum, and addition of insulin and dexamethasone enhanced the maintenance of cell viability. Various biochemical functions or freshly isolated cells and cultured cells were compared in this medium. In freshly isolated cells, induction of tyrosine transaminase [EC 2.6.1.5] by dexamethasone was low and none of the hormones examined stimulated protein synthesis; but when the cells had been cultured for a few days, induction of tyrosine transaminase became prominent, and insulin and dexamethasone stimulated protein synthesis and glucagon inhibited their effect. About half the synthesized proteins were secreted into the medium and among these proteins, albumin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and lipoproteins were identified immunochemically and electrophoretically. It was also shown that the polysomes in freshly isolated cells were almost completely disaggregated, but that in cells after a few days culture they were reaggregated. These results showed that freshly isolated cells have impaired functions, but that after culture for a few days the cells recover various liver functions and thus become more suitable for use in biochemical studies on liver functions. PMID- 711707 TI - An osmotic effect operative in frontal gel chromatography. AB - The osmotic effect operative in frontal gel chromatography was quantitatively studied. When mixtures of a non-penetrating solute (Kav = 0) and a partially penetrating solute (0 less than Kav less than 1) were subjected to frontal gel chromatography, the latter formed a coextensive concentration gradient across the trailing boundary of the former, leading to the formation of a second plateau where the concentration exceeded that of the original solution plateau. It was shown that this anomaly, which we have previously predicted, was a direct consequence of osmotic perturbation of the bead size of the Sephadex gel and could be satisfactorily described by an equation based solely on the osmotic distention of the gel beads. Finally, the implications of the osmotic effect in the frontal chromatographic analysis of acceptor-ligand interactions is discussed and a method for correcting this effect is presented. PMID- 711708 TI - Isolation of human urinary lysozyme. AB - For the isolation of human lysozyme from the urine of leukemia patients, a simple method has been established which involves precipitation of urinary proteins by 60% saturation with ammonium sulfate, fractionation of crude lysozyme on Sephadex G-50 and purification by CM-Sepharose chromatography. By this method approximately 60% of the lysozyme in the urine was isolated in a pure state in ten days. PMID- 711709 TI - A chromatin-bound neutral protease and its inhibitor in rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - Rat peritoneal macrophages are known to contain a chymotrypsin-like neutral protease associated with a specific inhibitor. By homogenizing the cells in 0.25 M sucrose (pH 8.0) containing 0.5% Triton X-100, both the protease and the inhibitor were found to be localized in the nuclei, particularly in chromatin. The inhibitory factor in chromatin was then separated from the protease by hydroxylapatite gel chromatography in the presence of 2 M NaCl and 5 M urea. The inhibitor fraction obtained was deproteinized by digestion with Pronase and subsequent extraction with phenol; these treatments did not alter the inhibitory potency. The deproteinized inhibitor fraction had a UV absorption ratio, A280/A260, of 0.61, but it was resistant to digestion with various nucleases, including DNase 1, nuclease P1, and snake venom phosphodiesterase. However, when it was incubated with poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase from calf thymus, the inhibitory potency was markedly decreased. An authentic poly(ADP-ribose), with a mean chain length of approximately 30 ADP-ribose units, produced significant inhibition of the neutral protease isolated from macrophage chromatin. No such inhibition was produced by DNA, single-stranded DNA, RNA, polyadenylate, polyuridylate, polycytidylate, or monomeric ADP-ribose. PMID- 711710 TI - Preferential association of newly synthesized H3 and H4 histones with newly replicated DNA. AB - The assembly of newly synthesized histones into chromatin during replication of MH-134SC cells was studied. Cells pulse-labeled with iododeoxyuridine and [3H]lysine were mixed with an equivalent number of normal cells labeled with [14C]lysine. Nuclease chromatin obtained from pooled cells was fractionated by buoyant-density centrifugation in a gradient containing Metrizamide and 3-iodo 1,2-propanediol. Histones extracted from heavy and normal chromatin regions of the gradient were fractionated by acid-urea gel electrophoresis, and 3H/14C ratios of individual histones were compared. The results showed highly preferential association of newly synthesized H3 and H4 with newly replicated DNA. PMID- 711711 TI - D-Glucose anomeric preference of hexokinases in higher animals. AB - The D-glucose anomeric preference of hexokinases isolated from rat liver, brain, and skeletal muscle, and bovine retina was studied using the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-NADP system. The ratios of maximum phosphorylation rates of beta-D glucose to those of alpha-D-glucose were 1.33, 1.46, and 1.54 for hexokinase types I, II, and III from rat liver, 1.45 and 1.63 for type I from rat brain and bovine retina, 1.53 for type II from rat skeletal muscle, and 0.55 (when determined at 5 mM) for type IV (glucokinase) from rat liver, respectively. PMID- 711712 TI - Effects of administration of cobalt chloride and cobalt protoporphyrin on delta aminolevulinate synthase in rat liver. AB - Cobalt protoporphyrin inhibited the drug-induced increase of delta aminolevulinate synthase as well as its transfer from the cytosol fraction to the mitochondria in rat liver in a similar way to protoheme. Cobalt chloride given to animals in a large dose exhibited similar effects. Cobalt protoporphyrin was isolated from the liver of rats treated with cobalt chloride. The observed regulatory effects of cobalt chloride with respect to the induction and the intracellular translocation of delta-aminolevulinate synthase may be mediated by cobalt protoporphyrin synthesized in vivo. PMID- 711713 TI - Oxygen exchange in silicone rubber capillaries. AB - Capillaries of 7 and 12.5 mu diameter have been fabricated in silicone rubber. Whole blood treated with heparin has been perfused through these capillaries. Under flowing conditions, no clotting or other clumping effects have been observed and red cells appear to maintain a constant velocity. Oxygen transfer data to and from saline perfusing the 12.5 mu diameter capillaries have been obtained in order to determine how rapidly O2 will permeate the silicone rubber film. The data indicate that the capillaries simulate lung tissue oxygen exchange and will allow for the first time the experimental determination of oxygen exchange kinetics in flowing whole blood. PMID- 711714 TI - Instrumentation for monitoring oxygen consumption using a replenishment technique. AB - An instrument to measure patient oxygen consumption simply and accurately has been built using a replenishment technique. Oxygen is added to the patient's exhaled gas until its oxygen concentration is the same as the oxygen concentration of the inhaled gas. The rate at which oxygen is added is a measure of the patient's oxygen consumption. Bench tests show that oxygen consumption is measured with an accuracy of +/- 2.3 percent and human tests show an accuracy of +/- 5.9 percent. The instrument interfaces easily with a mechanical ventilator and is readily accepted by the clinician. PMID- 711715 TI - Development of diagnostic Doppler ultrasonics in Brazil. PMID- 711716 TI - A novel filler free silicone rubber biomaterial. II. Radiation chemical and physical evaluation. AB - Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane was polymerized at 60 degrees C by gamma radiation to yield filler free silicone rubber (FFSR). The G (crosslinking) value of 23.5 was found for the FFSR polymerized for 4 hours, compared to about 2 for the pure polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The sol fractions for both FFSR and cross-linked PDMS varied between 5-7%. The FFSR and the cross-linked PDMS both had tensile strength of about 1 kg per cm2 but FFSR was not brittle and could be extended as much as 500% before breaking. It is believed that the marked improvement in physical properties of FFSR is due to the formation of domains of highly cross linked material which act as "internal filler". PMID- 711717 TI - Polymer modification and blood compatibility. AB - Two procedures have been examined for altering the blood compatibility of copolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, where blood compatibility has been measured by the recalcification time of platelet rich plasma. The improvement in blood compatibility of a copolymer of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate resulting from contact with heparin has been shown to be dependent on both copolymer composition and the method of polymerization. The hydrophilicity of a copolymer of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile has been altered by reaction with ethylene oxide gas. The relationship between time of exposure to ethylene oxide gas. The relationship between time of exposure to ethylene oxide gas and clotting time indicates a dependence of compatibility on copolymer hydrophilicity. PMID- 711718 TI - Experimental myringoplasty. AB - Different materials were compared as implants in performing a myringoplasty on rats immediately after making a total perforation, (autologous fascia, homologous tympanic membrane, homologous collagen, heterologous collagen, heterologous amnion and proplast). As a reference one group of rats had no myringoplasty done after perforating their drums. The animals were examined regularly, then killed after 40 and 64 weeks. Macroscopically and microscopically proplast and homologous collagen were very inferior to homograft tympanic membrane and autologous fascia. The best results were obtained both macroscopically and histologically with heterologous collagen and heterologous amnion. PMID- 711719 TI - Solute transport through crosslinked poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) membrane. PMID- 711720 TI - Intra-articular implant of filamentous carbon fibre in the experimental animal. AB - The effects of filling drilled holes and articular cartilage grooves in rabbit femora with 9 micrometer diameter filamentous carbon fibre in vivo were studied. The animals were killed at four weeks and five months and the medial and lateral femoral condyles removed and studied morphologically by gross and scanning electron microscopic examination, and histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson, toluidine blue and safranin O staining techniques. Fibrous tissue appeared to surround the carbon fibre bundle and emerge at the surface in large organised bundles, overflowing to cover the surface adjacent to the hole defects. Fibrous tissue surrounds the carbon fibre bundle, and forms a new surface over grooves made in the articular cartilage of rabbits that were kept alive for five months, the tissue within the control grooves filled with disorganised fibrous tissue. There was very little foreign body reaction and the fibrous tissue appeared to grow parallel and surround the carbon fibre bundle. PMID- 711721 TI - Aortic valve mechanics--Part I: material properties of natural porcine aortic valves. AB - A new methodology has been developed whereby the inhomogeneous and anisotropic aspects of an irregularly surfaced organ component have been incorporated in establishing the material properties of its tissue. Specifically the direction dependent post-transition elastic moduli have been calculated from microtensile experiments for the porcine aortic valve leaflets with an average of ECIRC/ERAD = 3.2. Furthermore pressure-strain data have been measured for a grid of points on the surface of a porcine aortic valve and an isostrain map has been developed for P = 80 mm. Hg. These data are used for the stress analysis of porcine aortic valves which is the subject of a companion paper. PMID- 711722 TI - Effect of polyurethane morphology on blood coagulation. AB - A series of polyurethanes based on the hard segment MDI and soft segment PTMG were synthesized. The molecular weight of the PTMG was 730, 1000, and 2000, and ethylene diamine was used as chain extender. The fabrication process was varied so as to achieve the maximum disorder (nonequilibrium state) and maximum order, fully annealed. It was demostrated that the "quenched" non-equilibrium state reduces the rate of activation of the intrinsic systems, factor XII pathway, when compared to the fully annealed state. Platelet attachment is primarily affected by phase separation. PMID- 711723 TI - The thrombogenicity of radiation grafted polymers as measured by the vena cava ring test. AB - Radiation grafted hydrogels on silicone rubber with water contents ranging from 10--90% have been evaluated by the vena cava ring test. All hydrogel grafted materials were found to accumulate less thrombus than ungrafted silicone rubber, and graft level was found to have little effect on thrombus accumulation. Acrylamide grafts demonstrated superior thromboresistance by this test. Poly (2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethyl methacrylate (HEMA/EMA) copolymers were examined along with pure HEMA and EMA grafts. At two weeks implantation, intermediate HEMA/EMA copolymers were found to have the least thrombus accumulation of any of the polymers in this series. EMA grafted rings were highly thrombogenic. The results from these studies indicate that the sensitivity of the vena cava ring test for detecting certain differences in polymer structure is poor. Also, the significance of the vena cava ring test for evaluating materials for use in contact with flowing human blood is questionable, based upon comparisons of results for similar materials tested in other blood compatibility evaluation systems. PMID- 711724 TI - In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute responses to some amino acid copolymers and their esters. AB - The present study was performed in order to establish if there is any correspondence between specific parameters of tissue reaction to implanted biomedical materials and in vitro cytotoxicity. The presence of various types of inflammatory cells and/or necrosis in rats implanted subcutaneously with a series of 42 alpha-amino acid copolymers and their esters was compared with their in vitro toxic effects, as determined by an agar overlay technique. Only necrosis appeared to correlate with reactions scored as strongly positive by tissue culture procedures. Future studies with slightly toxic materials should assess if tissue culture methods could be helpful in predicting other levels of reaction at the polymer-tissue interface. PMID- 711725 TI - Tissue ingrowth in porous acrylic cement. PMID- 711726 TI - The wear behavior of vacuum-vapor-deposited carbon films. PMID- 711727 TI - A model for evaluating the ocular contusion injury potential of propelled objects. AB - The existing data on experimental ocular contusion were analyzed in terms of a simple mathematical model which predicts the maximum contact force between the eye and the impacting projectile. It was shown that this force was related to the injury producing mechanism, eyeball expansion, which was widely advocated in the literature. The effect of loading rate was also accounted for in the model. A dimensional analysis allowed previous experimental data to be used to generate tolerance curves for ocular injury. The agreement between the prediction of the model and previous subjective opinions of a panel of ophthalmologists was considered to be satisfactory. When the model was used to predict the hazard potential of projectile toys which presently exist in the market place, it was found that the contusive injury producing capability of these products covered the full range from safe to hazardous. PMID- 711728 TI - An accurate data collection method for spatial motion using a sonic digitizer. AB - An accurate collecting method for spatial displacement data utilizing a sonic digitizer which works electronically and acoustically is described. The sequence of the operation of the digitizer system is explained. As an application, the study of elbow flexion-extension is presented. Finally, operational precautions for using this system are discussed. PMID- 711729 TI - Cell-free translation of the messenger RNA coding for the alpha subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone. PMID- 711730 TI - Isolation of a cross-linked dimer of elastin. AB - Salt-soluble elastin, isolated by coacervation from extracts of copper-deficient pig aorta, contains a minor protein component separable by gel electrophoresis in 6 M urea. This protein has a molecular weight of 150,000 compared to 75,000 of the major component. The amino acid analyses of both proteins are typical of elastin but the higher molecular weight component has a significantly lower lysine content and lysine-derived cross-links that are lacking from the major component. The proteins were labeled by incubation of the fresh aortic tissue with [14C]lysine. The acid hydrolysate of the borohydride-reduced higher molecular weight protein contained a labeled amino acid eluting at a time identical to standard merodesmosine and a trace of radioactivity corresponding to lysinonorleucine. We conclude that the higher molecular weight protein is a cross linked dimer of the previously identified soluble elastin. PMID- 711731 TI - The amino acid sequence of radioimmunoassayable neurotensin from bovine intestine. AB - The amino acid sequence of radioimmunoassayable neurotensin, isolated from bovine small intestinal extracts, has been shown to be the same as that of the peptide originally isolated from bovine hypothalamic extracts. This was accomplished by sequence studies on the intact peptide as well as on its chymotryptic and papain generated fragments. Thus, neurotensin joins the group of biologically active peptides shown to be present in the same molecular form in both brain and intestine. PMID- 711732 TI - Mechanism of insulin action on glucose transport in the isolated rat adipose cell. Enhancement of the number of functional transport systems. PMID- 711733 TI - Erythroglycan, a high molecular weight glycopeptide with the repeating structure [galactosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2-deoxy-2-acetamido-glucosyl(1 leads to 3)] comprising more than one-third of the protein-bound carbohydrate of human erythrocyte stroma. AB - Glycopeptides of molecualr weight range 7,000 to 11,000, unusual in size and structure, have been partially purified from pronase digests of lipid-free human erythrocyte ghosts; we term this fraction "erythroglycan." These substances comprise about one-third of the galactose and glucosamine of the ghost. Methylation analysis of erythroglycan yields mainly 4-linked glucosamine, 3 linked galactose, and 3,6-linked galactose, along with mannose and fucose derivatives. Hydrazinolysis and nitrous acid deamination degrade erythroglycan to galactosyl-2,5-anhydromannose, indicating a repeating structure of galactosyl, (1 leads to 4)-2deoxy-2-acetamidoglucosyl (1 leads to 3). Digestion with the endo beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii gives only partial cleavage of the erythroglycan, probably because of the arborized structure indicated by the branched galactose. Since sphingosine is not detectable after methanolysis by chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and since amino acids are present, we conclude that these substances are probably glycopeptidic in origin and are not "macroglycolipids." Erythroglycan may have the same type of keratan-like core structure as the long chain blood group glycolipids from human erythrocytes and could be a protein-bound carrier of the ABO determinants. PMID- 711734 TI - Resistance of lipophilin, a hydrophobic myelin protein, to denaturation by urea and guanidinium salts. AB - The influence of urea, guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), and granidinium thiocyanate (GdmSCN) on the solution structure of lipophilin was examined by circular dischroism and fluorescence techniques. According to the CD results, lipophilin retained at least 60% of organized secondary structure in 8 M urea and 6 M GdmCl (measurements were not possible in GdmSCN). This partial denaturation was of a complex, irreversible nature, and was not appreciably enhanced by prolonged incubation (8 days), by heating to 70 degrees C, by disulfide bond reduction, or by pH variation in the range pH 1.5 to 11. Fluorescence studies demonstrated that the tryptophan residues were only slightly perturbed by 8 M and 6 M GdmCl and remained well buried to the permeant quenching agent acrylamide. A greater, but still far from complete, disruption of lipophilin was achieved in 6 M GdmSCN, and fluorescence polarization provided evidence for some form of cooperative structural change induced by increasing concentrations of this reagent. Transfer of the protein from 2-chloroethanol, in which the tryptophan residues are fully exposed, into 6 M GdmSCN by dialysis resulted in reburial of the fluorophores owing to development of tertiary structure. The combined evidence suggests that the extraordinary resistance of lipophilin to these denaturants is due to the presence of an impervious hydrophobic core. In lipophilin and some other membrane associated proteins, extended sequences of apolar residues might provide the nuclei for such structural domains. PMID- 711735 TI - Rat incisor phosphoprotein. The nature of the phosphate and quantitation of the phosphoserine. PMID- 711736 TI - The covalent structure of bovine liver rhodanese. NH2-terminal sequence and partial structural analysis of tryptic peptides from the citraconylated protein. AB - Nineteen tryptic peptides produced by cleavage at 18 of the 20 arginyl residues in citraconylated S-carboxymethylcysteinyl-rhodanese have been isolated by a combination of gel filtration and high voltage paper electrophoresis. These Tc fragments account for all of the 293 residues in the parent polypeptide and their partial or complete sequences have been determined by automated and manual Edman degradation. In some cases, sequence analyses were completed by degradation of peptides derived by secondary cleavages of the decitraconylated Tc fragments with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or the protease from Staphylococcus aureus. Automated Edman degradation of intact S-carboxymethylcysteinyl-rhodanese was performed for 60 cycles; the information thus obtained permitted the alignment of seven of the Tc fragments and gave the sequence of the first 79 residues in the polypeptide chain. The Tc peptide at the COOH terminus of rhodanese was placed by virtue of the fact that it contained no arginine. Structural analysis of the Tc peptides provided the sequences surrounding all five of the methionyl residues in the enzyme. One of the methionines was found in a 19-residue Tc fragment which also contained the cysteinyl residue essential for catalysis. PMID- 711737 TI - The covalent structure of bovine liver rhodanese. Isolation and partial structural analysis of cyanogen bromide fragements and the complete sequence of the enzyme. AB - Cyanogen bromide fragments from reduced and carboxymethylated rhodanese have been isolated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography on columns of Sephadex G-50 and sulfoethyl-Sephadex C-25, respectively. Partial or complete structural analysis of these fragments has permitted the ordering in sequence of all eleven of the nonaligned tryptic peptides from citraconylated, S-carboxymethylcysteinyl rhodanese and has thus provided the complete covalent structure of the enzyme. Rhodanese is a single polypeptide of 293 residues and the molecule weight calculated from the covalent structural analysis is about 32,900. The cysteinyl residue implicated in the catalytic function of rhodanese is at position 247. In some preparations of the enzyme the NH2-terminal dipeptide Val-His is missing and the sequence begins with the glutamine at position 3. The rhodanese thus obtained contains 291 amino acid residues and possesses full enzymic activity. X-ray crystallographic analysis of rhodanese has shown that the halves of the molecule (Domains I and II) are nearly identical in conformation. Comparative analysis of the sequences in Domains I and II containing residues with conformationally equivalent alpha C atoms has revealed some degree of homology between the halves of the rhodanese polypeptide. Nethertheless, the structural equivalence of the rhodanese domains is reflected much more by their similarity in tertiary structural than by their sequence homology, even when the sequence comparisons are optimized with reference to the crystallographic results. PMID- 711738 TI - Active site cysteinyl and arginyl residues of rhodanese. A novel formation of disulfide bonds in the active site promoted by phenylglyoxal. AB - Chemical modification studies of bovine liver rhodanese have underscored important distinctions between free rhodanese and the catalytic intermediate in which the sulfane atom of the sulfur donor is bound covalently to the enzyme (sulfur-rhodanese). Treatment of free rhodanese with near-stoichiometric quantities of either iodoacetate or phenylglyoxal results in the rapid modification of the essential sulfhydryl group of Cys-247 and the consequent inactivation of the enzyme. Analysis of rate data for the iodoacetate reaction showed that the apparent pK of this group is 7.8 in free rhodanese and 6.7 to 7.0 in complexes of the enzyme with analogs of sulfur donor substrates, in agreement with the previous inference from steady state kinetic observations. Inactivation of free rhodanese by phenylglyoxal in the presence of cyanide was shown to be caused by a novel reaction in which disulfide bonds are formed between Cys-247 and either Cys-254 or Cys-263. In contrast to these results with free rhodanese, the sulfur-substituted enzyme is not inactivated by iodoacetate and is only relatively slowly inactivted by treatment with substantial excesses of phenylglyoxal. The loss of enzyme activity in sulfur-rhodanese does not involve cysteinyl residues but can be correlated with the modification of guanidino groups, notably that of Arg-186, the side chain of which may play a role in substrate binding. These chemical modification studies have implications with respect to the chemical mechanism of rhodanese catalysis and the interpretation of the x-ray crystallographic analysis of this enzyme. PMID- 711739 TI - Regulation of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate metabolism in skeletal muscle. PMID- 711740 TI - Lipid metabolism in cultured cells. Synthesis of vasoactive thromboxane A2 from [14C]arachidonic acid culture lung fibroblasts. PMID- 711741 TI - Protein associations and basic protein conformation in the myelin membrane. The use of difluorodinitrobenzene as a cross-linking reagent. AB - The near-neighbor relationships of proteins in the myelin membrane were examined using dinitrodifluorobenzene and other cross-linking reagents. When intact cat dorsal column or isolated myelin fragments were treated with cross-linking reagents, up to 20% of the myelin basic protein dimerized. The only other cross linked product formed in the intact cat dorsal column was a heterodimer consisting of myelin basic protein and either the major or minor proteolipid protein. The remaining myelin proteins, including the major proteolipid protein, were cross-linked into very high molecular weight aggregates. In contrast, when the myelin membrane was dipersed in sodium dodecyl sulfate before the addition of cross-linking reagent, all the proteins remained essentially monomeric, with the exception of myelin basic protein which dimerized to some extent. In the absence of cross-linking reagent, it was shown by radioimmunoassay that small amounts of myelin basic protein dimer and the heterodimer were normally present in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. We found no evidence of intramolecular cross links between the two peptides formed by N-bromosuccinimide cleavage or between the two peptides formed by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the basic protein monomer. The regions of the myelin basic protein molecule involved in dimerization were also determined by similar cleavage of the cross-linked dimer. A rudimentary model for the structure of basic protein dimer in myelin is presented. PMID- 711742 TI - CO2 kinetics in red cell suspensions measured by 18O exchange. PMID- 711743 TI - Nuclear mechanisms of estrogen action. Effects of estradiol and anti-estrogens on estrogen receptors and nuclear receptor processing. PMID- 711744 TI - In vivo regulation of cell surface and intracellular insulin binding sites by insulin. PMID- 711745 TI - The nonpolar peptide segment of cytochrome b5. Binding to phospholipid vesicles and identification of the fluorescent tryptophanyl residue. AB - The nonpolar peptide segment of cytochrome b5 consisting of the COOH-terminal 43 amino acid residues binds rapidly to dimyristyl lecithin vesicles above the transition temperature of the phospholipid. The binding is complete as indicated by density gradient centrifugation and is accompanied by approximately a 2-fold increase in the fluorescence emission of the protein, and insertion in the bilayer is apparently in an orientation indistinguishable from that of the whole cytochrome b5 molecule. Quantitative reaction of the protein with N bromosuccinimide destroys the fluorescence of the protein with a stoichiometry which indicates that a single tryptophanyl residue is responsbile for the fluorescence. The fluorescent tryptophanyl residue is one of 2 adjacent residues, Trp-108 or Trp-109, as shown by carboxypeptidase digestion of N-bromosuccinimide reacted nonpolar peptide. PMID- 711746 TI - Structural and functional properties of the membrane binding segment of cytochrome b5. AB - Derivatives of cytochrome b5 that had been selectively shortened at the COOH terminal, membrane binding segment of this amphipathic protein were employed to examine the minimum structural requirements for binding to phospholipid vesicles and for catalytic interactions in the stearyl-CoA desaturase system. Three derivatives shortened by 6, 18, and 27 amino acid residues were produced by controlled proteolysis with carboxypeptidases. The two largest derivatives bound to synthetic lipid vesicles and interacted with cytochrome b5. The third derivative neither bound to vesicles nor reacted with the desaturase. Whole nonpolar peptide and the nonpllar peptides of the two largest derivates contain only 29 to 34% polar residues, whereas the nonpolar peptide of the third derivative contains 44% polar residues. The secondary structure of the membrane binding segment was studied by circular dichroism of whole nonpolar peptide and the corresponding peptides of the three derivatives. The data for whole nonpolar peptide are consistent with a structure containing approximately 50% helical and 25% beta sheet structure. The CD of the nonpolar peptides of the two largest derivatives are consistent with structures containing 56% helix and 19% beta sheet structure, and 40% helix and 20% beta sheet structure. These data support a predicted model for secondary structure, proposed previously, based upon the primary structure (Fleming, P. J., Dailey, H. A., Corcoran D., and Strittmatter, P. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5369-5372). PMID- 711747 TI - Mechanism of enhanced renal prostaglandin biosynthesis in ureter obstruction. Role of de novo protein synthesis. AB - Perfusion of a rabbit kidney 72 h after ureter obstruction resulted in a progressive increase in bioassayable prostaglandin-like substances released in response to a fixed dose of bradykinin with time. Contralateral or normal kidneys showed no progressive increase with time of prostaglandin-like substances released in response to the same dose of agonist during perfusion. Actinomycin D, an inhibitor of RNA synthesis and cycholeximide, reversibly blocked the time dependent progressive increase in renal prostaglandin-like substances released from the obstructed kidney. Acetylsalicylic acid, which covalently acetylates the cyclooxygenase, inhibited initial bradykinin-stimulated prostaglandin biosynthesis by 95% in the ureter-obstructed kidney, but within 60 to 90 min of perfusion there was progressive bioassayable prostaglandin E2 release in response to bradykinin which paralleled the non-aspirin-treated control. In the aspirin treated contralateral (unobstructed control) and normal kidneys bradykinin stimulated release of prostaglandin-like substances was inhibited by 85% and did not recover during the perfusion experiments consistent with the evidence that the control kidneys are not synthesizing new enzyme. These experiments suggest that the progressive enhanced prostaglandin release to fixed bradykinin doses in the ureter-obstructed kidney is dependent on de novo cyclooxygenase synthesis. PMID- 711748 TI - A low molecular weight DNA polymerase beta in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpurantus. Partial purification, properties, and changes in development. AB - A low molecular weight DNA polymerase which sediments at 3.3 S on sucrose gradients has been purified from total cell homogenates of rapidly dividing embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. In the presence of 2 mM N-ethylmaleimide, it is the major polymerase activity in whole cell homogenates when assayed with an oligo(dT)10.poly(dA)200 template; a template which it uses about 200 times more efficiently than activated DNA. The requirement for N ethylmaleimide exists only in crude cell fractions where it acts to inhibit a template digesting nuclease activity. The polymerase is highly stable if maintained in the presence of 20% glycerol, is completely dependent on added template, and shows no end addition activity. The physical and enzymatic properties of this enzyme clearly distinguish it from the DNA polymerase previously described by Loeb (Loeb, L. A. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 1672-1681) which sediments as a high moeluclar weight (5.6 to 6.6 S) enzyme and prefers the activated DNA template. In addition, these two DNA polymerase enzymes show distinctive chromatographic properties using DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose columns as well as their sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide. The properties of the low molecular weight polymerase indicate close similarity to the beta-polymerase isolated from mammalian cells. These low molecular weight enzymes are both sensitive to phosphate salt and able to utilize the artificial ribohomopolymer template oligo(dT)10.poly(rA)200. A quantitative analysis of the low molecular weight DNA polymerase during early embryonic development indicates that the activity of this enzyme increases at least 2-fold immediately following fertilization and again during early blastula stage (hatching). Such quantitative changes in a beta enzyme activity are in contrast to findings with the alpha polymerase which remains constant during early development. PMID- 711749 TI - Analysis of the adult and embryonic chicken globin genes in chromosomal DNA. AB - Globin-specific mRNA has been purified from the red blood cells of anemic adult hens and from those of 5-day and 7-day chick embryos. These RNA preparations were used to synthesize labeled cDNA for solution and filter hybridization (Southern blotting) experiments. Hybridization of cDNAs prepared with separated adult alpha and beta-mRNAs and of rabbit globin-specific probes to restriction enzyme digested, filter-bound chicken chromosomal DNA has shown that the adult globin genes of the chicken exist within EcoRI-cleaved chromosomal DNA fragments which are 4.3, 6.0, and 12.5 kilobase pairs (kbp) in size. These fragments contain the majority or entirety of the adult alpha D, beta, and alpha A genes, respectively. Furthermore, we present evidence that the predominant chicken embryonic globins are contained within EcoRI fragments 9.4 and 15 kbp in size. Evidence is also presented that the same globin organization exists in several different breeds of chickens and in several chicken culture cell types. Finally, it is demonstrated that the pattern of globin-specific hybridization to reticulocyte chromosomal DNA digested with several restriction enzymes is unchanged during erythropoietic development. PMID- 711750 TI - Regulation of active amino acid transport by growth-related changes in membrane potential in a human fibroblast. PMID- 711751 TI - Histone H3 thiol reactivity as a probe of nucleosome structure. PMID- 711752 TI - Hepatic malonyl-CoA levels of fed, fasted and diabetic rats as measured using a simple radioisotopic assay. AB - A simple radioisotopic assay for malonyl-CoA is described. The method is based on the malonyl-CoA-dependent incorporation of labeled acetyl-CoA into palmitic acid catalyzed by fatty acid synthetase in the presence of NADPH. Its main advantages over the more conventional spectrophotometric procedure is that it is extremely sensitive and allows the simultaneous determination of picomole quantities of malonyl-CoA in multiple tissue extracts. It should prove particularly suitable for studies on the regulation of lipid metabolism in isolated hepatocytes where the quantity of tissue available for analysis is frequently very small. Application of the method to the measurement of malonyl-CoA in livers from fed, fasted, and diabetic rats yielded values that were consistent with the recently postulated role of malonyl-CoA in the regulation of hepatic ketone body production. PMID- 711754 TI - Platelet factor 4. Crystallization and x-ray diffraction studies. AB - Human platelet factor 4 was crystallized with ammonium sulfate. The crystals were orthorhombic, space group P21212, with unit cell dimensions a = 78.7 A, b = 80.6 A, and c = 54.6 A. Unit cell volume and mass of the protein (7800 daltons) indicated four or five molecules in each asymmetric unit cell. PMID- 711753 TI - The role of malonyl-coa in the coordination of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation were examined in rat hepatocytes under a variety of experimental conditions. In cells from fed animals, glucagon acutely switched the direction of fatty acid metabolism from synthesis to oxidation. Addition of lactate plus pyruvate had the opposite effect. The inhibitory action of glucagon on fatty acid synthesis and its stimulatory effect on fatty acid oxidation were largely, but not completely, offset by the simultaneous addition of lactate plus pyruvate. Changes in cellular citrate and malonyl-CoA levels indicated that glucagon exerted its inhibitory effect on fatty acid synthesis at two levels: (i) blockade of glycolysis; and (ii) partial inhibition of a more distal step, probably acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Under all conditions, fatty acid oxidation was related in a linear and reciprocal fashion to the rate of fatty acid synthesis and the tissue malonyl-CoA content. The latter fluctuated through a range of 1 to 6 nmol per g wet weight of cells. Since malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I of liver mitochondria with a Ki in the region of 1 to 2 micron, the present studies support the concept that this compound plays a pivotal role in the coordination of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. The ketogenic effect of glucagon on liver appears to be manifested in large part through the ability of the hormone to reduce the tissue malonyl-CoA concentration. PMID- 711755 TI - Distribution of membrane marker enzymes in cultured arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The subcellular location of oleoyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine acyltransferase. AB - The subcellular distribution of oleoyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase (E.C.2.3.1.23) in cultured swine aorta endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells was investigated. Isolated membrane pellets were centrifuged through linear sucrose gradients, and the distributions of the activities of seven membrane-bound enzymes were measured. The distribution of acyltrasferase activity was similar to that of the endoplasmic reticulum enzymes. Gradient fractions which contained intact mitochondria had very low activities of acyltransferase. Experiments using mixed fractions and measurements made under conditions which inhibit phospholipase A2 showed that no acyltransferase activity from this location was masked by competing activities. When membranes were treated with digitonin, plasma membranes specifically increased in density, facilitating their separation from endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The plasma membranes were free of acyltransferase activity. We conclude that in cultured swine arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells, acyltransferase is located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 711756 TI - Isolation and characterization of GD3 ganglioside having a novel disialosyl residue from rabbit thymus. AB - A major component of the di- and trisialoganglioside fraction of rabbit thymus was isolated. By neuraminidase treatment, methylation analysis, and CrO3 oxidation, it was identified as GD3 ganglioside with the novel disialosyl residue, NeuNGlyc(alpha, 2-8)NeuNAc(alpha, 2-3)Gal-(beta, 1-4)Glc(beta, 1 1)ceramide. Its concentration was 21.92 nmol/g of wet tissue (12.10% of the total gangliosides) and it contained 91.52% of the lipid-bound sialic acid in di- and trisialogangliosides of rabbit thymus. PMID- 711757 TI - Cholesterol distribution between the two halves of the lipid bilayer of human erythrocyte ghost membranes. AB - The binding of filipin with cholesterol in sealed and unsealed ghosts prepared from human erythrocytes and in right-side-out and inside-out vesicles prepared from ghosts follows second order kinetics (first order in each reactant). The second order rate constant of interaction of filipin with cholesterol, determined by stopped flow measurements of the initial rate, is slower in sealed ghosts than in unsealed ghosts by a factor of 2.0, whereas identical rate constants were obtained with right-side-out and inside-out vesicles. These results suggest that the cholesterol accessible to rapid reaction with filipin is distributed symmetrically between the inner and outer halves of the lipid bilayer of erythrocyte ghost membranes. PMID- 711758 TI - Polyadenylation of RNA in a cell-free system from mouse myeloma cells. AB - Isolated nuclei frommouse myeloma cells which were active in RNA synthesis did not synthesize detectable amounts of poly(A)-containing RNA. On addition of a soluble protein extract from crude nuclei, the highly purified nuclei synthesized significanamounts of poly(A)-containing RNA, as analyzed by chromatography on poly(U)-Sepharose. The poly(A) tract was totally synthesized de novo and was indistinguishable from poly(A) synthesized in vivo. Twenty per cent of the RNA polymerase II products were polyadenylated. More than 80% of the newly synthesized poly(A) was present on molecules at least partially transcribed in vitro. The transcription and polyadenylation reaction could be separated temporally and a portion (10%) of the polyadenylated RNA was released into the extra nuclear fraction. We conclude that this system carries out one RNA processing reaction, polyadenylation, faithfully. PMID- 711759 TI - Insulin receptors in isolated rat hepatocytes. Reassessment of binding properties and observations of the inactivation of insulin at 37 degrees C. PMID- 711760 TI - Boar malpha-acrosin. Purification and characterization of the inital active enzyme resulting from the conversion of boar proacrosin to acrosin. AB - The preparation of highly purified malpha-acrosin is described. Purification was achieved by controlled activation of partially purified proacrosin, followed by gel chromatography over Sephadex G-100 at pH 3.0. The final malpha-acrosin preparation resulted in a single protein band with a molecular weight of 49,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis. Disc arginine naphthylamide hydrolyzing band with a relative migration of 0.39 malpha-acrosin catalyzed the hydrolysis of synthetic substrates containing arginine and lysine, but not phenylalanine. Although calcium ions were not required for enzymatic activity, the addition of calcium chloride stimulated the activity through an increased substrate affinity and an increased maximal velocity. Polyamines stimulated the maximal velocity of the reaction, but were without effect on the substrate affinity. malpha-Acrosin was inhibited by lima bean, ovo-mucoid, and seminal plasma proteinase inhibitors. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate and 1-chloro-3 tosylamide-7-amino-L-2-heptanone treatment resulted in an irreversible inhibition, while L-arginine, benzamidine, and p-aminobenzamidine were competitive inhibitors with respect to substrate. These properties of malpha acrosin are very similar to those previously reported for mbeta-acrosin and suggest that the portion of the molecule lost during the conversion of malpha acrosin to mbeta-acrosin contributes little to the topography of either the active site or regulatory sites of the enzyme. PMID- 711761 TI - Role of dehydrogenase competition in metabloic regulation. The case of lactate and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases. AB - Many tissues expressing capacities for both anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis contain significant amounts of both lactate dehydrogenase and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Since the first serves in oxidation-reduction balance during anaerobic metabolism, while the second serves in the alpha glycerophosphate cycle during aerobic metabolism, a provision seemed to be made (through competition for coenzyme) to encourage relatively exclusive function of either one or the other dehydrogenase. Competition for coenzyme was found to depend upon the isoenzyme form of each dehydrogenase (which determines the sensitivity of each reaction to modulators) and the concentration of two key metabolites, alpha-glycerophosphate and creatine phosphate, which differentially influence alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases and lactate dehydrogenases. The sensitivities of various dehydrogenase isoenzymes to these modulators correlated well with their expected roles in the tissue of origin. PMID- 711762 TI - Interaction of the parathyroid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the control of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism. AB - Parathyroid extract and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) were found to antagonize each other's action to regulate the kidney hydroxylation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3. Parathyroid extract prompted an increase in serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 in thyroparathyroidectomized rats whereas the administration of exogenous 1,25 (OH)2D3 resulted in stimulated 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and suppressed 1,25 (OH)2D3 serum levels. The actions of parathyroid and 1,25-(OH)2D3 to modulate kidney 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 hydroxylase enzyme activities were not additive; rather, the hormone and metabolite acted to suppress each other's in vivo regulatory action. The specificity and rate of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 hydroxylation was determined by the interdependent modulatory actions of parathyroid extract and 1,25-(OH)2D3. Such results suggest that the kidney 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-1- and 24-hydroxylase enzyme systems are regulated in response to the relative modulatory activities of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-(OH)2D3. PMID- 711763 TI - Ligand responses of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites from skeletal muscle and optic lobe of the chick. AB - Binding properties of detergent-solubilized receptors for alpha-bungarotoxin from skeletal muscle of the 13th day chick embryo and from optic lobe of the hatching chick were compared. It was found that both types of receptor are nicotinic, although they differ in their affinities for individual ligands and in the rank order of ligands. In contrast to the muscle receptor, the neuronal receptor binds the toxin in a reversible fashion (KD = 2.1 X 10(-10) M at 23 degrees C). Small ligands inhibit brain equilibrium procedures. Toxin and ligands compete for a single type of noninteracting site, and the ratio of toxin binding sites to ligand-binding sites is unity. The inhibitory potency of ligands parallels their ability, at higher concentrations, to accelerate receptor . toxin by interaction with the same site on the receptor derived from the optic lobe. PMID- 711764 TI - Heterogeneity of concanavalin A as detected by its binding to p-nitrophenyl 2-O alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. PMID- 711765 TI - Biphasic association of p-nitrophenyl 2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D mannopyranoside and concanavalin A as detected by stopped flow spectroscopy. AB - Kinetics of binding of p-nitrophenyl 2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D mannopyranoside (M2) to concanaviln A (con A) were examined. The time course of formation of a M2 . con A complex is clearly biphasic, whereas the association with con A of p-nitrophenyl 2-O-methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and other monosaccharides is a monophasic process. The biphasic time course of the binding of M2 to conA is most simply explained in terms of a model wherein the disaccharide can bind to con A two different ways. In the initial rapid phase of the biphasic reaction, both complexes form in amounts determined by the relative values of the rate constants for association. In the subsequent slow phase, the complexes equilibriate according to the relative values of the initial constants for formation of each complex. The enthalpy of activation for formation of the initial complexes with M2 is about 4 kcal/mol less favorable than for monosaccharides, whereas the entropy of activations about 14 e.u. more favorable for binding of the disaccharide. These differences in the activation parameters for binding M2 and monosaccharides suggest that con A interacts simultaneously with groups on both mannopyranosyl residues. PMID- 711766 TI - Acylation of [3H]corticosterone by acini from mammary gland of lactating rats. Localization of the acylated glucocorticoid in the nuclear fraction. PMID- 711767 TI - Rates of DNA synthesis during the S-phase of HeLa cells. AB - The rates of DNA synthesis were determined for each of two consecutive journeys through S-phase by highly synchronized HeLa cells. Cells at various times after release from the metabolic block were pulsed with [3H]thymidine. The amount of radioactivity in whole cells, purified DNA, and Okazaki fragments provided indexes of the rates of DNA synthesis. Measurements of the average DNA content per cell by the diphenylamine method and the individual DNA content per cell by DNA:propidium fluorescence provided better estimations of the actual rates of DNA synthesis, independent of thymidine metabolism. Unsynchronized cells that had been pulsed with [3H]thymidine were sorted into early, middle, and late S-phase preparations for estimations of the amount of radioactivity per cell. There were differences in the rates predicted by each of the various methods. Rates estimated by fluorescence measurements of DNA content per cell, or by diphenylamine measurements of average DNA content per cell exhibited a pattern of an initial burst, followed by a decreased rate then a final burst. Similar patterns were obtained for the amount of radioactivity in Okazaki fragments, and in early, middle, and late S-phase cells separated from a log-phase culture by electronic cell sorting. Rates estimated by measurements of the amount of radioactivity in whole cells, and the specific activity of purified DNA exhibited a different pattern of an initial slow rate, followed by a maximal rate then a slow rate. PMID- 711768 TI - The mechanism of quenching of liver alcohol dehydrogenase fluorescence due to ternary complex formation. AB - Difference fluorescence emission spectra, reciprocal Stern-Volmer plots, and variable excitation wave-lengths have been used to evaluate the selective quenching of the two tryptophan residues/subunit of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Trp-15, at the surface of the enzyme, is quenched by KI consistent with a collisional mechanism, and has a blue-shifted excitation and red-shifted emission spectrum when compared with the spectral properties of TRP-314, which is in a hydrophobic milieu at the subunit interface of the dimeric enzyme. With excitation at 295 nm, Trp-314 is 80% quenched by formation of a ternary enzyme.NAD+.trifluoroethanol complex, and the quenching is essentially additive to that caused by KI. Alkaline pH also results in selective quenching of Trp-314. These results, and considerations of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, indicate that the quenching of protein fluorescence of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by either ternary complex formation or alkaline pH is due to resonance energy transfer to tyrosinate. Likely candidates as energy acceptors are the Tyr-286 residues are within transfer distance for each Trp-314 residue, as well as being at the surface of the enzyme and 30 A from the active center zinc atom. Alkaline pH directly ionizes this tyrosine residue, while ternary complex formation causes a conformational change resulting in its ionization. PMID- 711769 TI - Cloning of a double-stranded cDNA that codes for a portion of chicken preproalbumin. A general method for isolating a specific DNA sequence from partially purified mRNA. AB - A scheme is presented for cloning a double-stranded cDNA molecule that codes for a portion of chicken preproalbumin. This method, which does not require pure mRNA or cDNA, has widespread applicability. Chicken preproalbumin was identified as a Mr = 72,000 polypeptide by immunoprecipitation of proteins synehesized in a wheat germ cell-free translation system from total, guanidine.HCl-extracted, rooster liver RNA. After removal of the bulk of the ribosomal RNA by poly(U)-Sephadex G 10 chromatography, albumin mRNA was enriched approximately 2-fold by centrifugation through low salt, isokinetic sucrose gradients, until it represented about 30% of the mRNA sequences present. Double-stranded cDNA prepared from this mRNA was then inserted into the Pst 1 site of the plasmid PBR322 by the "G-C tailing" technique and the recombinant DNA was used to transform Echerichia coli stran X1776. Transformants containing putative albumin DNA sequences were identified by colony hybridization with a cDNA probe that was highly enriched for albumin cDNA sequences. This probe was isolated by hybridizing the partially purified RNA preparation to its cDNA, under conditions of RNA excess, to a R0t value such that only the most abundant cDNA sequences had hybridized. Unhybridized, less abundant, sequences were destroyed by subsequent S1 nuclease digestion. The identity of clones that hybridized to this abundant class cDNA was established by DNA-mRNA hybrid-arrested cell-free translation. Hybridization of nick-translated, albumin-containing, plasmid DNA to total liver poly(A)+ RNA, that had been separated on methyl mercury agarose gels and transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper, established that avian albumin mRNA has a molecular weight of 850,000. This molecular weight corresponds to approximately 2,600 nucleotides, or 600 nucleotides longer than the size required to code for the preproalbumin polypeptide. PMID- 711770 TI - The shoulder complex in elevation of the arm: a mechanism approach. PMID- 711771 TI - Relation between computed zero-load aortic flow and cardiac muscle mechanics. PMID- 711772 TI - Musculo-skeletal shock absorption: relative contribution of bone and soft tissues at various frequencies. PMID- 711773 TI - Finite element solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional steady flow through a section of a canine aorta model. PMID- 711774 TI - A method to determine the angular momentum of a human body about three orthogonal axes passing through its center of gravity. PMID- 711775 TI - A piezoelectric model for dry bone tissue. PMID- 711776 TI - Internal bone remodeling induced by a medullary pin. PMID- 711777 TI - A mathematical model of arm swing during human locomotion. PMID- 711778 TI - Mathematical analysis of mitral valve leaflets. PMID- 711779 TI - Factors governing the mechanical behavior of the implant-porous coating- trabecular bone interface. PMID- 711780 TI - Prerupture behavior of biosystems under stress. PMID- 711782 TI - Thixotropy in human skin. PMID- 711781 TI - Mechanical and histological effects of transverse impact on the canine spinal cord. PMID- 711783 TI - Estimation of the biomechanical properties of three body types using a photogrammetric method. PMID- 711784 TI - Fracture toughness, critical crack length and plastic zone size in bone. PMID- 711785 TI - A technique for calculating in vivo ligament lengths with application to the human knee joint. PMID- 711786 TI - Cartilage impact in vitro: effect of bone and cement. PMID- 711787 TI - Jaw muscle EMG-activity and static loading of the mandible. PMID- 711788 TI - Man--tractor system dynamics: towards a better suspension system for human ride comfort. PMID- 711789 TI - A variable axis electrogoniometer for the measurement of single plane movement. PMID- 711790 TI - Progression in idiopathic scoliosis: A preliminary report of a possible mechanism. AB - Recent surveys have shown that idiopathic structural scoliosis of mild degree is generally not progressive. We will propose a mechanism which may be responsible for deterioration in the few. It has been observed that the spinal cord, although displaced towards the concavity, does not rotate in company with the vertebrae, thus exposing the emerging nerve roots to the effects of traction and possibly of entrapment. We suggest that progression occurs when the neuraxis is unable to adjust to the change in the anatomy of vertebral column. Our proposition is based upon our findings in a complete spinal column obtained from a baby with structural scoliosis. Support is provided by intercostal angiography, and by observations upon normal anatomy, the pathological anatomy of mature scoliotic spines and the anatomy of contrived scoliosis in normal spines. Although our histological and electrophysiological investigations are incomplete we can demonstrate a significant increase in degenerate cells in the dorsal root ganglia at the apex on the convex side. Lack of suitable necropsy material prevents us from confirming our observations so that our report is inevitably preliminary. We enter a plea that careful examination of the neuraxis be undertaken whenever a specimen of a scoliotic spine becomes available. PMID- 711791 TI - Perthes' disease. An anthropometric study revealing impaired and disproportionate growth. PMID- 711792 TI - Perthes' disease of the hip in three regions of England. AB - Throughout 1976 orthopaedic surgeons in three regions of England forwarded details of all new patients with Perthes' disease attending outpatient clinics or admitted as inpatients. The incidence in the Mersey region (11.1 per 100 000 children under fifteen years) was twice that in Wessex (5.5) with Trent having an intermediate incidence (7.6). The ratio of male to female incidence varied between the regions as did the age distribution of male cases. These findings point to the importance of environmental factors in the aetiology of the disease, and suggest the need for further epidemiological studies. PMID- 711793 TI - Measurement of the spinal canal by diagnostic ultrasound. AB - A method is described of measuring the lumbar spinal canal by pulsed echo ultrasound. It is simple, safe and has a high degree of accuracy. The lumbar canal has been measured in over 800 subjects including 100 mining recruits and fifty nurses between the ages of fifteen and eighteen years. Ultrasound can demonstrate the degree and extent of bony stenosis. It may have value in preventive medicine, identifying the subject at risk. PMID- 711794 TI - The spinal canal in symptomatic lumbar disc lesions. AB - The oblique sagittal diameter of the lumbar spinal canal was measured by diagnostic ultrasound in seventy-three patients with symptomatic disc lesions, and compared with measurements from 200 asymptomatic subjects. Results suggest that the available space in the spinal canal is highly significant in the symptomatology of disc lesions, and in the patient's response to treatment. PMID- 711795 TI - Low-friction arthroplasty after fracture-dislocations of the hip. AB - Sixty-six patients are presented who have had a total hip replacement by the Charnley low-friction technique after injuries of the hip, the majority of which were fracture-dislocations. The clinical results of the arthroplasties in this relatively young group of patients are shown to be very good. The selection of young patients for total hip replacement arthroplasty is discussed. PMID- 711796 TI - Charnley low-friction arthroplasties of the hip in rheumatoid arthritis. A study of the complications and results of 378 arthroplasties. AB - During the years 1971 to 1975, 378 Charnley low-friction arthroplasties of the hip were performed on 278 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The average age at operation was thirty-nine years. The follow-up time ranged from one to six years (mean two and a half years). Forty per cent of patients were receiving steroids at the time of operation. The most common complications were loosening of the prosthesis (3.4%), perforation of the femoral cortex and fracture. Deep infection occurred in 0.7%, dislocation in 0.7%, and thromboembolic episodes in 1.3%. Ninety-five per cent of patients were free of pain at follow-up compared to 84% who were severely handicapped by pain before operation. In addition, the increased mobility in 98.5% of patients and their improved independence makes hip replacement a recommendable procedure in these patients. PMID- 711797 TI - Closed Kuntscher nailing of femoral shaft fractures. A series of 100 consecutive patients. AB - One hundred and two fractures of the femoral shaft, including eighteen pathological fractures, in 100 patients were internally fixed by closed Kuntscher nailing. Sixty-eight fractures resulted from motor vehicle accidents; ten were compound. Seventy-five patients were under the age of thirty years and thirty four had multiple injuries. Sixty-nine fractures were nailed on the day of the accident and the operative technique is described. Complications during and after operations were few. Fifty-eight patients left hospital within four weeks and 77% of those working returned to work in less than four months. There were no wound or bone infections. The results are discussed and it is concluded that, with the correct equipment and careful attention to detail, closed nailing is a straightforward procedure with few complications. Advantages include the wide range of fractures that can be nailed, the short hospitalisation, the rapid return of function to the knee, the early return to work and the absence of infection. PMID- 711798 TI - Ipsilateral fracture of the femur and tibia. AB - The hospital records of 222 cases of ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia were reviewed, and patients were grouped according to the type of fracture and the method of treatment. Thirty-five per cent of patients required late operation for delayed union or non-union, osteomyelitis, refracture and malunion, regardless of the treatment group. A disturbing factor was the 30% incidence of osteomyelitis in patients treated by fixation of both fractures, almost three times the incidence when only one fracture was fixed. A 30% incidence of delayed union or non-union occurred in patients managed conservatively. Of sixty-three patients personally examined, the worst results found were those following conservative management of both fractures. More use of rigid external fixation and of cast bracing is recommended in the management of the fractured tibia, combined with internal fixation of the femoral fracture. Examination of the knee suggested that, with ipsilateral fractures, disruption of ligaments is a common occurrence and should always be suspected. PMID- 711799 TI - The use of suction drainage in the operation of meniscectomy. AB - A prospective trial has been carried out to determine the value of suction drainage in the operation of meniscectomy. One hundred operations were analysed, in half of which drains had been used. The use of the drain could not be shown to result in any sustained advantages. The demand for analgesics after the operation was reduced but not to a statistically significant level. The size of the early effusion was significantly reduced, but this benefit was lost when the knee was mobilised. The return of power to the quadriceps and of movement to the knee were not hastened. The average volume of fluid drained was 134 millilitres and it has been shown that forty-eight hours is a suitable time for removal of the drain. The use of suction drainage is not advocated for the uncomplicated operation of meniscectomy. PMID- 711800 TI - The repair of cruciate ligaments with flexible carbon fibre. A longer term study of the induction of new ligaments and of the fate of the implanted carbon. AB - Carbon fibre appears to induce the formation of tendon in both animals and humans. Experiments have been conducted in sheep in which new anterior cruciate ligaments have been induced in response to the implantation of filamentous carbon fibre. Long-term studies indicate that the carbon fibre slowly breaks up at the site of implantation and later begins to appear in the regional lymph nodes. PMID- 711801 TI - Chronic tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon with new bone formation. AB - Chronic non-specific tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon is a well-known clinical entity, characterised by pain, swelling and tenderness behind the medial malleolus. There are no reports in the literature of any case associated with any radiological abnormality. Three such cases are discussed, each presenting with the clinical findings typical of the syndrome but with associated radiological changes. These changes may pose diagnostic problems and several primary conditions need to be excluded. Surgical decompression of the tendon may be necessary to relieve symptoms, to prevent erosion and rupture of the tendon, and to establish the diagnosis. PMID- 711802 TI - Peroneal spastic flat foot. Its treatment by osteotomy of the os calcis. AB - A series of patients treated by osteotomy of the os calcis for the relief of peroneal spastic flat foot is reviewed. The late results have been evaluated, and the literature reviewed. It is suggested that this is an effective method of treatment which has advantages over tarsal fusions. PMID- 711803 TI - The natural history of hooked forefoot. AB - This paper reports on a prospective study undertaken to determine the natural history of untreated idiopathic hooked forefoot. The progress of 130 affected feet in eighty-three children was followed for an average of seven years. At review 86% of the feet were normal or only mildly deformed and all were fully mobile; 10% were still moderately deformed but were asymptomatic; 4% remained deformed and stiff. It was not possible to detect these resistant cases before the age of three years, but the low failure rate would seem to justify a policy of expectant treatment. PMID- 711804 TI - The surgical treatment of equinovarus deformity in adults with spasticity. AB - Adults with deformities of the lower limb due to spasticity may be considerably improved by operation, but thorough pre-operative assessment as an inpatient is essential in order to pinpoint the disability. The commonest deformity is equinovarus which often responds to simple operative procedures. The results of seventy-seven operative procedures in fifty patients are recorded. Correction once achieved is stable and the deformity does not recur. PMID- 711805 TI - An analysis of residual deformity in club feet submitted to early operation. AB - The contributions made by metatarsus primus varus, medial subluxation of the navicular, and angulation of the neck of the talus to the residual deformity in treated club feet were assessed from radiographs. Their relation to the appearance of the feet, to the age of the patient, to the results of operations, and to the age at the time of the first operation were investigated. Lateral rotation of the ankle and flattening of the talus were also studied. Medial subluxation of the navicular was found to be the most important factor influencing both the appearance of the feet and the lateral rotation of the ankle. Relocation of the talonavicular joint correlated with the success of operative treatment; and the timing of the primary operation determined the degree of relocation which could be achieved. Metatarsus primus varus and angulation of the talus were of little importance. Increased emphasis is given to the need for early relocation of the talonavicular joint. PMID- 711806 TI - The refractory painful arc syndrome. AB - Twenty-three patients with a severe refractory painful arc syndrome have been treated by excision of the outer end of the clavicle and division of the coracoacromial ligament through a deltoid-splitting approach. After a follow-up of more than six months all patients have been relieved of night pain. Six still have slight pain on movement, but the rest are symptom-free. PMID- 711807 TI - Thoracoscapular fusion for facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. AB - Eleven thoracoscapular fusion operations have been done on six patients. The indication is symptomatic winging of the scapula caused by thoracoscapular muscle paresis with intact function in the deltoid. This situation almost exclusively occurs in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. The operation is successful in achieving stability of the scapula and in greatly improving function and cosmesis. Although the course of this type of muscular dystrophy is variable, the benefits of operation have not deteriorated with progression of the disease over a maximum follow-up period of twenty-three years. PMID- 711808 TI - Clinical application study of multifunctional prosthetic hands. AB - A control system for a multifunctional hand prosthesis, which requires a minimum of training for the amputee, has been developed. The great advantage of the pattern recognition technique in making it possible to control as many as six prosthetic movements has prompted this study. The development of a complete miniaturised system has allowed a clinical trial on four patients. Two different tests have been employed to evaluate this system: an objective computer test and a test representing activities of daily living (ADL test). The computer test shows that a high rate of correct recognition is obtained immediately after the prosthesis is applied to the amputee. The ADL test shows that forearm rotation, and flexion and extension of the wrist are used in most activities, indicating that few compensatory movements are performed. It is suggested that this control system is feasible and that long periods of training are unnecessary. PMID- 711809 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of clinically localised Ewing's sarcoma. AB - The results are presented of thirty-seven patients with Ewing's sarcoma; ten were treated by a combination of operation, radiotherapy and cyclic chemotherapy, the remainder by radiotherapy and chemotherapy but without operation. The drugs, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin were used in combination and were continued for two years. The follow-up ranged from twelve to sixty-two months. The mortality rate and the incidence of metastases were both markedly lower than in a comparable previous series treated by radiotherapy alone, or by operation plus radiotherapy, but all without chemotherapy. The percentage of local recurrences and of metastases was much higher in the twenty-seven patients who had radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, than in the ten in whom operation was also performed. It is suggested that on the basis of these results (and on theoretical grounds) treatment should consist of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy plus, whenever feasible, operative excision of the primary tumour. PMID- 711810 TI - The effects of varying oxygen tensions upon bone resorption in vitro. AB - Calvaria from six-day-old infant mice were grown on a grid culture in a chemically defined medium under varying oxygen tensions. Quantitative isotope studies demonstrated a linear association between bone resorption and oxygen tension in the physiological range. This result was supported by histological, histochemical and vital staining experiments. The clinical finding of osteoporosis in areas of hyperaemia could therefore be attributed to a rise in oxygen tension causing increased bone resorption. PMID- 711811 TI - The uptake by the canine tibia of the bone-scanning agent 99mTc-MDP before and after an osteotomy. AB - The residue and extraction of technetium-labelled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc MDP), a substance used in bone scanning, was examined in the canine tibia and found to be low. Examination of washout curves suggested that there were four compartments in cortical bone, a vascular, a perivascular, a bone fluid and a bone compartment. After an osteotomy in the canine tibia the residue of 99mTc-MDP increased. This was believed to be due to an increase in the blood supply to the bone and to an associated increase in new bone available for exchange. Bone scanning in a fracture is therefore a reflection of the vascular status of the bone being examined and of the uptake by bone. This is dependent on there being an adequate blood supply to the bone and an increased number of mineral-binding sites. PMID- 711812 TI - Enlargement of the right ventricle using a viable atrial pedicle graft. AB - A viable muscle pedicle of right atrial wall was used to enlarge the right ventricle in 5 dogs. The procedure consistently resulted in an increase in right ventricular circumference of approximately 20%. Although ventricular function was adequate to permit survival, cardiac index did not increase appropriately to an elevation in preload. Morphologic studies demonstrated later scarring and thickening of the muscle pedicle suggesting the graft had not maintained its contractile nature. PMID- 711813 TI - Hypernatraemic dehydration following tricuspid valve replacement. AB - The development of abnormally high plasma sodium and plasma osmolality levels is described in 5 patients following open-heart surgery involving prosthetic replacement of the tricuspid valve. These biochemical abnormalities developed in the early post-operative period and were associated with an excessive diuresis during the first 3 to 4 days after operation. Biochemical correction required a prolonged, high volume intravenous water load, and was paralleled by progressive clinical improvement, notably in peripheral circulation, tissue turgor and cerebral function. Plasma sodium and osmolality levels and observed fluid balance in 20 patients undergoing similar surgical procedures for tricuspid valve lesions fail to show this hypernatraemic, hyperosmolar state, and indicate that the majority of such patients have a markedly positive observed fluid balance in the early post-operative period. These differences are statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001). Consideration of urine/plasma osmolality levels reveals a transient but highly significant impairment of renal concentration in the hypernatraemic patients (p less than 0.001). PMID- 711814 TI - Estimation of adequate subendocardial blood flow by online computation of systolic pressure time index and diastolic pressure time index after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Subendocardial perfusion was monitored in 48 patients subjected to valve replacement by calculation of diastolic pressure time index (DPTI), systolic pressure time index (TTI) and DPTI/TTI. An on-line computer which derives these values from the systemic pressure and wave-form was applied. For myocardial protection general body hypothermia (esophageal temperature 25 degrees C) and hypothermic injection cardioplegia were employed. No low cardiac output state occurred and no inotropic drugs were required. In all patients DPTI/TTI rose above 1 within 60 minutes from termination of cardiopulmonary bypass so that the necessity to intraaortic balloon counterpulsation could be denied in all cases. We believe that the calculation of DPTI/TTI after extracorporeal circulation is a useful modality to predict the adequacy of subendocardial perfusion and monitor myocardial performance. PMID- 711815 TI - The effect of furosemide on renal function in open heart surgery. AB - The effect of furosemide on renal function in patients undergoing open heart surgery was investigated, using creatinine clearance, urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion as the parameters. The effect of furosemide (2 mg/kg i.v.) on blood flow in arteria renalis and the tissue oxygen tension of the renal cortex and medulla were also investigated experimentally in six dogs. The flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter and the tissue oxygen tension with IBC tissue oxygen electrodes. Prolongation of the perfusion time to more than 60 minutes resulted in a decline of creatinine clearance to appr. 50% of the initial level. Prophylactic furosemide given prior to the perfusion brought down the creatinine clearance to 64% of the initial level. Furosemide, administered either prophylactically just before the cardiopulmonary bypass or after urine flow had declined below 0.5 ml/kg/h, had no effect on the potassium balance in the long perfusion group (over 60 minutes), though it clearly increased the negative potassium balance in the short perfusion group (below 60 minutes). In an experimental work on dogs, furosemide was found to elevate the tissue oxygen tension in the renal cortex and and medulla, and slightly to increase the blood flow in arteria renalis. PMID- 711816 TI - Aneurysm of the ascending aorta complicated by aortic insufficiency: a modified surgical technique. PMID- 711817 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral atheromatous emboli. PMID- 711818 TI - Self inflicted stab wound of abdominal aorta. PMID- 711819 TI - Intraoperative blood measurements following revascularization of the lower extremities with chronic arterial occlusive disease. AB - We have measured blood flows in 155 limbs with chronic arterial occlusive disease after revascularization procedures. Blood flows were recorded during standard electromagnetic flowmeter techniques. Base line flows after maximal vasodilatation with papaverine were recorded. The most important measurement to determine immediate results was the percentage increase of the basal flow after intraarterial injection of 30 mg papaverine. In aorto-iliac revascularization we found a significant difference according to the outflow tract, whether the superficial femoral was patent or occluded. Grafts in which proximal anastomosis were at the aorta on the axillary artery yielded better flows than those from the opposite femoral artery. A vein graft of inadequate caliber may determine a pressure gradient higher than 10 mm. Hg. In these circumstances the the blood flow is lower. Blood flow measurements may aid in the selection of the adequate surgical procedure in cases of arterial lesions of doubtful significance. PMID- 711820 TI - Pathophysiology of Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 711821 TI - Experimental remarks on leg ischemia following popliteal artery injuries. AB - Popliteal artery injuries are followed, in many cases, by amputation of the leg. Results after re-construction depend on the time of ischemia. In this experimental work 12 dogs with injury of the popliteal artery had a direct end to end anastomosis or an anastomosis using saphenous vein graft. Blood flow was checked by an electromagnetic flowmeter or ultrasounds, blood samples for Hb, oxyhaemoglobin saturation, Hct and ph were taken before and after operation. Changes in these values depend on the time elapsing between injury and re establishment of circulation. Operative angiography was done in all dogs. Except in two dogs, no early or late thrombosis occurred. Three dogs required amputation. The outcome of the operation is related to the time elapsing between injury and restoration of circulation. PMID- 711822 TI - Morphological and biochemical correlates of skeletal muscle contractility in the cat. I. Histochemical and electron microscopic studies. AB - Three cat hind limb muscles have been examined, histochemically and ultrastructurally, in a multiparameter correlative study of structure and function in skeletal muscle contractility. The soleus, a histochemically pure, slow-twitch muscle possesses ultrastructural features which are, in many cases, significantly different from those of almost pure fast twitch caudofemoralis muscle. Although stereological analysis of fiber types indicates a correlation between speed of relaxation and volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum, morphological features such as fenestrated collars and triad morphology are identical in all fiber types. The fast twitch-oxidative-glycolytic fiber possesses features common to both slow twitch fibers (high mitochondrial content) as well as fast twitch fibers (high sarcoplasmic reticulum content) in addition to Z band width which falls in between these two fiber types. Sarcoplasmic microtubules have been described in all three fiber types in all muscles examined. They occur in predictable orientation and their possible function(s) is described. PMID- 711823 TI - The extent of individual changes in I.Q. for ages between 6 months and 17 years, in a British longitudinal sample. PMID- 711824 TI - A comparative study of infantile autism and specific developmental receptive language disorder--IV. Analysis of syntax and language function. PMID- 711825 TI - Children's adjustment to school over six years. PMID- 711826 TI - Echoing in autistic children: a chronometric study of semantic processing. PMID- 711827 TI - A description of aspects of mother-infant vocal interaction. PMID- 711828 TI - Fostering the disturbed child. PMID- 711829 TI - A current definition of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 711830 TI - Development of outcome criteria and standards to assess the quality of care for patients with osteoarthrosis. PMID- 711831 TI - Estrogen use, hypertension and stroke in postmenopausal women. PMID- 711832 TI - Statistical methods to assess and minimize the role of intra-individual variability in obscuring the relationship between dietary lipids and serum cholesterol. PMID- 711833 TI - Response to extended duration tilt by hypertensives and normotensives. PMID- 711834 TI - The influence of cigarette smoking on prognosis after a first myocardial infarction. A report from the Framingham study. PMID- 711835 TI - A changing pattern of causes of death in Japanese diabetics. Observations over fifteen years. PMID- 711836 TI - The effect of stratified randomization on size and power of statistical tests in clinical trials. PMID- 711837 TI - Interpretation of a stochastic model for analysis of age-specific prevalence curves in schistosomiasis. PMID- 711838 TI - Reproductive history in the mothers of anencephalics. PMID- 711839 TI - Geographical, secular and ethnic influences in anencephalus. PMID- 711840 TI - The relationship of women's attitudes toward female roles to delay in seeking medical treatment. PMID- 711841 TI - Tobacco, health and the physician. PMID- 711842 TI - A study of patients with the sick sinus syndrome with long-term survival. PMID- 711844 TI - Prevalence of duodenal ulcer in a rural community in Israel. PMID- 711843 TI - Treatment of mild hypertension. An attempted controlled therapeutic trial. PMID- 711845 TI - Application of weight-height ratios and body indices to juvenile populations--the National Health Examination Survey Data. PMID- 711846 TI - Sequence length for repeated screening tests. PMID- 711847 TI - Stratified analysis of case-control studies with the factor under study taking multiple values. PMID- 711848 TI - Estimation of confidence limits for the cumulative probability of survival in life table analysis. PMID- 711849 TI - The effects of selected psychosocial factors on the self-reporting of pulmonary symptoms. PMID- 711850 TI - The effects of electrical field stimulation and tetrodotoxin on ion transport by the isolated rabbit ileum. AB - To determine whether intramural nerves affect intestinal ion transport, we studied the effect of electrical field stimulation (EFS) on the movement of ions across isolated rabbit ileum. EFS increased the transmural electrical potential difference and the short circuit current (Isc), caused C1 secretion, and reduced conductance, but did not alter fluxes of Na or the residual current (JRnet). The neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, prevented all the changes caused by EFS but did not prevent the increase in Isc caused by theophylline (5 mM), carbachol (10 micrometer), or glucose (10 mM), or the reduction in Isc caused by norepinephrine (10 micrometer), implying that tetrodotoxin prevented responses to EFS by affecting electrically excitable cells rather than epithelial cells. Tetrodotoxin also enhanced the mucosa to serosa fluxes of Na and C1, reduced the potential difference and Isc, and increased conductance. The site of tetrodotoxin action is uncertain because it may affect the release of at least four neuro-transmitters and the release of peptides from endoctine cells. The Isc response to EFS was not affected by atropine (10 micrometer), physostigmine (10 micrometer), or by hemicholinium (1 micrometer). The mechanism by which EFS causes C1 secretion remains to be determined. PMID- 711851 TI - Human skin aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. Induction by coal tar. AB - Coal tar products, which are widely used in treating dermatologic disease, contain numerous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including 3,4-benzo[a]pyrene (BP). BP is among the most potent environmental chemical carcinogens and is known to evoke tumors in the skin of experimental animals and perhaps also of man. In this study the effect of cutaneous application of coal tar solution (U. S. Pharmacopeia) on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in the skin of patients usually treated with this drug was investigated. AHH, a cytochrome P-450 dependent carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme appears to play an important role in the activation of polycyclic hydrocarbons into reactive moieties that can bind to DNA and that may directly induce cancer. Application of coal tar solution to human skin caused a two to five-fold induction of cutaneous AHH in nine subjects. In further studies, the incubation of human skin with coal tar solution in vitro also caused variable induction of cutaneous AHH. Maximum responses in both systems occurred after 24 h and enzyme activity in vitro was time- and tissue- and substrate-concentration dependent. Studies in experimental animals showed that topical application of coal tar solution caused induction of AHH in skin and, after percutaneous absorption, in liver as well. Assay of several defined constituents of coal tar for AHH induction showed that BP was the most potent inducer of AHH tested. These studies indicate that topical application of coal tar solution in doses ordinarily used in treating dermatologic disease causes induction of AHH in human skin and suggest that such induced enzymatic activity could relate to carcinogenic responses to this agent in skin or, after percutaneous absorption, in other tissues as well. PMID- 711852 TI - Receptor specific clearance by the reticuloendothelial system in chronic liver diseases. Demonstration of defective C3b-specific clearance in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - An approach to the assessment of reticuloendothelial function that quantitates clearance specifically mediated by membrane receptors for C3b and immunoglobulin (Ig)G has been applied in man. Clearance of isologous erythrocytes coated with IgM or C3b or coated with IgG were examined in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), chronic hepatitis, or alcoholic cirrhosis and normal control subjects and compared with the clearance of aggregated human serum albumin. Clearance of these three types of particles varied independently. None of the patients studied had a defect in the clearance of aggregated albumin. No patient with PBC (0:6) had delayed clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes; one of six patients with chronic hepatitis had delayed clearance of these cells. Indeed, four of six with PBC had increased rates of IgG-mediated clearance. In contrast, six out of six patients with PBC had an unequivocal defect in clearance mediated by C3b receptors. The patients with PBC varied widely in terms of duration of symptoms, degree of cholestasis, and histologic stage of disease. No defect of C3b-mediated erythrocyte clearance was found in the patients with chronic hepatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis. Furthermore, a patient with severe cholestasis secondary to large duct biliary obstruction exhibited normal C3b-mediated clearance. The defect in C3b-mediated clearance in PBC did not correlate with serum levels of individual complement components or inhibitors or with the presence of circulating immune complexes as measured by the Clq precipitation assay. Thus, measurements of receptor specific clearance, but not clearance of aggregated proteins, have revealed a highly specific defect in reticuloendothelial function in PBC. PMID- 711853 TI - Purification and characterization of an abnormal factor IX (Christmas factor) molecule. Factor IX Chapel Hill. AB - Human Factor IX (Christmas factor) was isolated from the plasma of a patient with mild hemophilia B. The patient's plasma contained 5% Factor IX clotting activity but 100% Factor IX antigenic activity as determined by immunological assays, which included inhibitor neutralization and a radioimmunoassay for Factor IX. This abnormal Factor IX is called Factor IX Chapel Hill (Factor IXCH). Both normal Factor IX and Factor IXCH have tyrosine as the NH2-terminal amino acid. The two proteins have a similar molecular weight, a similar amino acid analysis, the same number of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (10 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues), and a similar carbohydrate content. Both exist as a single-chain glycoprotein in plasma. The major difference between normal Factor IX and Factor IXCH is that the latter exhibits delayed activation to Factor IXa in the presence of Factor XIa and Ca2+. Thus, Factor IXCH differs from other previously described abnormal Factor IX molecules. PMID- 711854 TI - Surface markers of complement receptor lymphocytes. AB - Normal blood lymphocytes bearing complement receptors (CRL) were divided into two populations, one expressing both CR1 (C4b-C3b receptor) and CR2 (C3d receptor) and a second expressing only CR1. Nearly all of the population that expressed both CR1 and CR2 also bore membrane surface immunoglobulins (Ig) and Ia antigens. The majority of cells that had only CR1 lacked detectable surface Ig. These Ig- CR1+ CR2- cells could be distinguished from the majority of monocytes and immature granulocytes, in that the latter ingested latex particles and expressed CR2 as well as CR1. The Ig- CR1+ cells were further subdivided into an Ia-bearing subpopulation and another that lacked Ia. Among the Ig- Ia- CR1+ cells, one third formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes while all of the remaining CRL were erythrocyte-rosette negative. Essentially all CRL in normal blood had IgG Fc receptors, but a qualitative heterogeneity in the Fc receptors of Ia+ CRL vs. Ia- CRL was observed in their binding of different immune complex systems. PMID- 711855 TI - Effect of chronic potassium loading on potassium secretion by the pars recta or descending limb of the juxtamedullary nephron in the rat. AB - Recently we demonstrated potassium secretion by the pars recta or by the descending limb of the juxtamedullary nephron. The purpose of this present investigation is to study the effect of a chronic high-potassium intake on this phenomenon. Fractional reabsorption of water and sodium by the juxtamedullary proximal nephron was decreased when compared to that in normal hydropenic rats. There was a striking increase in the fraction of filtered potassium at the end of the juxtamedullary descending limb from 94+/11% to 180+/18%, which was principally a result of enhanced potassium secretion. When the concentration of potassium in the collecting tubule fluid of potassium-loaded rats was reduced after the administration of amiloride, a sharp fall was observed in the amount of potassium which reached the end of the descending limb (64+/8%). A direct correlation was observed between the fraction of filtered potassium at the descending limb and the potassium concentration in the final urine (P less than 0.001). The findings suggest that potassium, like urea, normally undergoes medullary recycling, which is enhanced by chronic potassium loading. PMID- 711856 TI - Low serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. A marker of congestive heart failure. AB - To gain information about the nature of disturbances in sympathetic nervous system control in congestive heart failure, serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was measured in 30 patients with heart failure of diverse etiologies and 29 healthy normotensive controls. The heart failure patients had been symptomatic for at least 6 wk and had elevated filling pressures, low cardiac indices, low ejection fractions, and wide arteriovenous oxygen differences. DBH activity was 47.1+/-4.7 (mean+/-SE) for the controls and 14.4+/-2.7 IU for the heart failure patients (P < 0.001). Sera from some patients with heart failure had potent inhibitory effects on DBH activity of normal sera. The inhibitor was heat stable and dialyzable and could be demonstrated despite presence of N-ethylmaleimide or Cu(++) in the reaction mixture. However, some inhibitory activity was also present in sera of normal patients; this inhibitory property was not demonstrable in unheated normal serum, but was unmasked when DBH was heat inactivated. It is proposed that although the inhibitor may have been a factor in low serum DBH activity in some patients with heart failure, the major cause of the low activity in the heart failure group was a reduced rate of synthesis or release of the enzyme by sympathetic nerves. This may reflect a dissociation between rates of neural release of norepinephrine and release of DBH in chronic, severe heart failure. The observation of low serum DBH levels in patients with heart failure suggests that measurement of DBH levels may serve as a useful indicator of cardiac dysfunction. PMID- 711857 TI - Binding of chemotactic collagen-derived peptides to fibroblasts. The relationship to fibroblast chemotaxis. AB - We previously showed that collagen, alpha-chains, and collagen-derived peptide fragments induce chemotactic migration of human fibroblasts in vitro. We now describe biochemical and immunological evidence showing there are binding sites for collagen peptides on fibroblast membranes.By the use of (14)C-labeled alpha1(I) chain, binding to intact fibroblasts was demonstrated. The process was reversible, and time- and fibroblast concentration-dependent. Scatchard plot analyses of the data obtained for the binding of alpha1(I) suggested that there are congruent with 16 x 10(6) binding sites per fibroblast with an association constant of 1.1 x 10(7)/M for alpha1(I). Dissociation of the bound radioactivity and subsequent chromatographic analysis on agarose A-1.5 m revealed that the alpha1 was unaltered. The binding of (14)C-labeled alpha1 was inhibited by each of the CNBr peptides derived from alpha1 chain of chick skin collagen and CNBr peptide mixtures of various genetic types of collagen chains. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-alpha1 antibody showed that alpha1-treated fibroblasts exhibited strong immunofluorescence. The intensity of fluorescence was markedly diminished by prior absorption of the antibody with alpha1. The alpha1-treated cells stained with preimmune sera did not show significant fluorescence.Dose response curves of fibroblast chemotaxis induced by alpha1 and the binding of alpha1 by fibroblasts correlate closely. Furthermore, the potency of alpha1-CNBr peptides as chemotactic agents correlates with their ability to inhibit the binding of labeled alpha1(I). These data suggest the hypothesis that collagenderived peptides cause fibroblast chemotactic migration by acting on fibroblast membranes. PMID- 711858 TI - Heterozygote expression in propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase deficiency. Differences between major complementation groups. AB - We measured propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase (PCC) activity in extracts of skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood leukocytes from controls and obligate heterozygotes for PCC deficiency. 6 heterozygotes were from the pcc A complementation group; 12 were from the other major complementation group, designated pcc C. Mean PCC activity in fibroblast extracts from pcc A heterozygotes was 52% of that in controls, whereas mean PCC activity in pcc C heterozygotes was indistinguishable from that of controls. Similar results were obtained with extracts of peripheral blood leukocytes. In none of eight families (three pcc A and five pcc C) in which PCC activity was studied in both parents of an affected child were significant intrafamilial differences observed. The activities of two other mitochondrial enzymes (beta-methyl-crotonyl CoA carboxylase and glutamate dehydrogenase) were comparable in controls and both groups of heterozygotes. Whereas the data from pcc A heterozygotes are consistent with expected gene dosage effects, those from pcc C heterozygotes are not. Inasmuch as mammalian PCC is a large molecular weight tetramer, each protomer of which is probably composed of two nonidentical subunits, the latter results are most consistent with unbalanced rates of synthesis and(or) degradation of the two subunits in normal cells with compensatory balancing in pcc C heterozygotes. PMID- 711859 TI - Iron uptake from rat plasma transferrin by rat reticulocytes. AB - Fast and slow rat transferrins were isolated by isoelectric focusing and prepared in their di- and monoferric forms. A comparison of the rates of iron release between fast and slow monoferric transferrins when incubated with reticulocytes or injected in vivo showed no significant difference in the behavior of the two isotransferrin species. Reticulocyte uptake of diferric transferrin resulted in the removal of both iron atoms from the transferrin molecule. A twofold greater iron uptake was observed from diferric as compared with monoferric iron, provided reticulocyte receptors were saturated. It is concluded that the two species of transferrin and their individual sites function similarly in their release of iron to tissue receptors. PMID- 711860 TI - Renin-angiotensin system inhibition in conscious dogs during acute hypoxemia. Effects on systemic hemodynamics, regional blood flows, and tissue metabolism. AB - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in mediating the circulatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia was studied in three groups of conscious dogs that were infused continuously with normal saline, teprotide (10 mug/kg per min), and saralasin (1 mug/kg per min), respectively. Hypoxia was produced by switching from breathing room air to 5 or 8% oxygen-nitrogen mixture. Plasma renin activity increased from 2.3+/-0.4 to 4.9+/-0.8 ng/ml per h during 8% oxygen breathing, and from 2.8+/-0.4 to 8.4+/-1.8 ng/ml per h during 5% oxygen breathing. As expected, cardiac output, heart rate, mean aortic blood pressure, and left ventricular dP/dt and dP/dt/P increased during both 5 and 8% oxygen breathing in the saline treated dogs; greater increases occurred during the more severe hypoxia. Teprotide and saralasin infusion diminished the hemodynamic responses to 5% oxygen breathing, but did not affect the responses to 8% oxygen breathing significantly. In addition, the increased blood flows to the myocardium, kidneys, adrenals, brain, intercostal muscle, and diaphragm that usually occur during 5% oxygen breathing were reduced by both agents. These agents also reduced the increases in plasma norepinephrine concentration during 5% oxygen breathing, but had no effects on tissue aerobic or anaerobic metabolism. In dogs pretreated with propranolol and phentolamine, administration of teprotide (0.5 mg/kg) during 5% oxygen breathing reduced mean aortic blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance, and increased cardiac output and heart rate, but did not affect left ventricular dP/dt, dP/dt/P, and end-diastolic pressure. Simultaneously, renal and myocardial blood flows increased and myocardial oxygen extraction decreased, while myocardial oxygen consumption did not change significantly. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the hemodynamic responses to severe hypoxia. It appears that angiotensin not only exerts a direct vasoconstrictor action, especially upon the coronary and renal circulations, but also potentiates the cardiovascular effects of sympathetic stimulation that occur during severe hypoxia. PMID- 711861 TI - Human antihapten antibodies in trimellitic anhydride inhalation reactions. Immunoglobulin classes of anti-trimellitic anhydride antibodies and hapten inhibition studies. AB - Inhalational exposure to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) produces an immediate-type asthmatic or a late respiratory systemic syndrome in certain workers after a latent period of work exposure. TMA has been found to react with proteins to produce a hapten-protein complex (trimellitate [TM] protein) or become hydrolyzed in aqueous, alkaline solutions to produce a salt, NaTM. Using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique, antibodies of different Ig classes were detected against TM-protein conjugates. IgE antibody was detected in three of five workers with asthma. IgG and IgA antibodies were detected in most exposed workers but higher levels of antibody were found in symptomatic workers even after long periods without direct TMA exposure. IgM antibody activity against TM-human serum albumin (TM-HSA) was detected but did not differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic workers. NaTM served as a hapten for study because it does not react with proteins to form a hapten-protein complex as TMA does. The NaTM only partially inhibited IgG antibody activity against TM-HSA and much smaller amounts of TM-HSA than of NaTM were required to neutralize IgG antibody. A similar result was found with TM-ovalbumin. The latter results suggest that some IgG antibody is directed against a TM-protein moiety, probably a TM-amino acid determinant. In contrast to IgG, marked inhibition by NaTM of IgA and IgM antibody against TM-HSA was found in the sera studied. PMID- 711862 TI - Cell-cell interaction in erythropoiesis. Role of human monocytes. AB - Erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E) are proliferative cells present in peripheral blood and bone marrow which may be precursors of the erythroid colony forming cell found in the bone marrow. To examine the possible role of monocyte macrophages in the modulation of erythropoiesis, the effect of monocytes on peripheral blood BFU-E proliferation in response to erythropoietin was investigated in the plasma clot culture system. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal human donors were separated into four fractions. Fraction-I cells were obtained from the interface of Ficoll-Hypaque gradients (20-30% monocytes; 60-80% lymphocytes); fraction-II cells were fraction-I cells that were nonadherent to plastic (2-10% monocytes; 90-98% lymphocytes); fraction-III cells were obtained by incubation of fraction-II cells with carbonyl iron followed by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation (>99% lymphocytes); and fraction-IV cells represented the adherent population of fraction-II cells released from the plastic by lidocaine (>95% monocytes). When cells from these fractions were cultured in the presence of erythropoietin, the number of BFU-E-derived colonies was inversely proportional to the number of monocytes present (r = -0.96, P < 0.001). The suppressive effect of monocytes on BFU-E proliferation was confirmed by admixing autologous purified monocytes (fraction-IV cells) with fraction-III cells. Monocyte concentrations of >/=20% completely suppressed BFU-E activity. Reduction in the number of plated BFU-E by monocyte dilution could not account for these findings: a 15% reduction in the number of fraction-III cells plated resulted in only a 15% reduction in colony formation. These results indicate that monocyte-macrophages may play a significant role in the regulation of erythropoiesis and be involved in the pathogenesis of the hypoproliferative anemias associated with infection and certain neoplasia in which increased monocyte activity and monopoiesis also occur. PMID- 711864 TI - Henmon-Nelson IQ scores as predictors of WAIS full scale IQ in alcoholics. AB - Used the Henmon-Nelson Test of Mental Abilities to predict WAIS Full Scale IQ Scores with a group (N = 41) of hospitalized alcoholics. The results suggest a moderately high correlation (r = .807), which corresponds with reports of these studies of Watson and Klett for a group of hospitalized psychiatric patients. A linear regression was calculated and a and b weights generated. PMID- 711863 TI - Studies on the tubulo-glomerular feedback system in the rat. The mechanism of reduction in filtration rate with benzolamide. AB - The specific mechanism whereby superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate (sngfr) is reduced after the administration of benzolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with a primary inhibitory effect in the proximal tubule, have been examined by measuring pertinent pressures, flows, and glomerular permeabilities in the hydropenic Munich-Wistar rat, a strain with surface glomeruli. Because benzolamide decreases absolute proximal reabsorptive rate, the rate of delivery of tubular fluid to the distal nephron should be at least transiently increased and may reduce sngfr by activating the tubulo-glomerular feedback system. Sngfr fell from 29.2+/2.0 to 2.1+/3.1 nl/min (P less than 0.01) after benzolamide (group 1), a percentage reduction equal to kidney glomerular filtration rate and similar to sngfr obtained in collections from distal tubules. Separate studies (group 2) revealed that if transient increases in distal nephron delivery were prevented by insertion of a long oil block in proximal tubules before control, the decrease in sngfr was prevented (30.3+/1.0 vs. 30.3+/1.8 nl/min, P greater than 0.9). In paired "unblocked" nephrons in the same rats, sngfr fell in group 2 (33.0+/1.0 vs. 25.2+/2.3 nl/min, P less than 0.01). In "blocked" nephrons in which sngfr reduction was prevented, the rate of fluid leaving the proximal tubule increased from 16.9+/ to 23.1+/1.0 nl/min (P less than 0.01). In group 1 studies in which sngfr fell and transient increases in flow out of the last segment of the proximal tubule (distal delivery) (approximately equal to 8 nl/min) were not prevented, steady-state distal delivery was unchanged by benzolamide (13.9+/1.1 vs. 14.2+/2.2 nl/min). Also, sngfr returned toward control, pre-benzolamide values, when a proximal oil block was placed for 15 min and the rate of distal delivery reduced after benzolamide administration, which suggests that this activation was reversible. These data suggest that activation of tubulo-glomerular feedback by transient increases in distal delivery was responsible for decreases in sngfr. Analysis of all determinants of glomerular ultra-filtration revealed that the efferent mechanism leading to reduced sngfr after benzolamide was decreased nephron plasma flow (101+/13 vs. 66+/13 nl/min, P less than 0.01). Hydrostatic pressure and the glomerular permeability coefficient did not contribute to reductions in sngfr with benzolamide. Because the rate of distal delivery remained constant in spite of large changes in both sngfr and absolute proximal reabsorptive rate, it is suggested that the rate of distal delivery may be the physiologic entity that is regulated by the tubulo-glomerular feedback system via alterations in sngfr. PMID- 711865 TI - Personality characteristic of the female alcoholic. AB - Utilized the Personal Reaction Inventory (PRI-100) on a sample of 47 hospitalized female alcoholics and a control group of 47 individually matched nonalcoholic Ss. A measure of drinking behavior was established by the Volume Variability Index (V/V) administered to each S immediately prior to the administration of the PRI 100. A test-retest experimental design over a 2-week period yielded an average reliability coefficient of .88 for the PRI-100. The findings show that the personality characteristics associated with Assertive Antisocial Behavior, one of the factors of the PRI-100, are valuable predictors of drinking behavior. The two other personality factors of the PRI-100, Lack of Order and Lively Social Presence, were found to be unrelated to drinking behavior and therefore inadequate predictors. PMID- 711866 TI - A multimodal treatment approach for incarcerated alcoholics. AB - A multimodal milieu treatment approach for alcoholism was assessed in a prison setting by use of the MMPI. The participants had a mean age of 41, four prior incarcerations, and documented difficulty with alcohol abuse prior to their incarceration. Analysis of an A-B treatment design showed significant changes on the F, PT, ES (p less than .05), L, K, D, SI, and A (p less than .01) scales of the MMPI after 6 months of program participation. With the exception of the PD scale, all changes were seen as positive. It should be noted that the PD scale may not be the most appropriate indicator of positive behavioral changes in a prison setting. PMID- 711867 TI - The sex role identity of male drug abusers. AB - Administered a revised version of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) to clients at a drug-addict rehabilitation agency in New York City (N = 203). Three samples of undergraduates were the comparison groups. In addition, information that related to demographic and family characteristics, attitudes toward parents and opposite sex, and MMPI scores were collected on the clients. Results indicate the revised BSRI has high internal consistency reliability for the addict sample. There is a modest correlation between sex-role identity score and reported reasons for drug use, as well as for the MF and SI scales on the MMPI. There were no significant correlations with demographic, family, attitude toward parents or opposite sex variables. The hypothesized difference in sex-role identity between drug-addicts and other males was confirmed for one comparative sample, but not for the two other samples. PMID- 711868 TI - EMG biofeedback applicability for differing personality types. AB - Divided thirty-two male alcoholics into two groups on the basis of their MMPI profile. Group 1 consisted of Ss determined to be tense and anxious, while Group 2 included a more heterogeneous sample of personality types. Eight Ss from each group received 14 days of progressive relaxation training and EMG biofeedback; the remainder received control sessions of taped music and EMG monitoring. Group 1 experimental S achieved greater levels of relaxation than either their matched controls or Group 2 Ss. POMS scores revealed a significant difference over time for all Ss in the direction of improved mood states. No significant between groups difference was found. Generally, these results suggest the following: (1) patients may be selected credibly for relaxation-biofeedback treatment by use of the MMPI; (2) patients who exhibit significant anxiety and tension may achieve lower levels of tension during training than patients with lower levels of pretreatment anxiety. PMID- 711869 TI - Getting applied psychology back into clinical psychology. PMID- 711870 TI - Demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of readmission: a one-year follow-up. AB - Follows up an earlier investigation in which demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients were used to predict readmission within 3 months of discharge. In the initial study, stepwise multiple regression analysis identified six variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 3 months of discharge: type of discharge, number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, race, suicide attempt within 1 month of admission, subjective report of depression upon admission, and occupational level (R = .452). In the present study the same sample was followed up at 1 year after discharge, and demographic and clinical variables were used to predict readmission within 1 year of discharge. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified three variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 1 year of discharge: past history of suicidal behavior, subjective report of depression upon admission, and number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations. Changes in predictors as a function of length of follow-up period are considered, and implications of the findings for identifying high-risk readmission candidates are discussed. PMID- 711871 TI - Effects of ambiguous and unambiguous stimulus word differences on popular responses of schizophrenics. AB - Tested that aspect of response interference theory that predicts that schizophrenics give fewer dominant and more competing responses for ambiguous, but not unambiguous, conditions. It was hypothesized that schizophrenics would evidence in a word association task greater gains, after treatment, in response popularity for ambiguous, but not for unambiguous, stimulus words. The prediction was assessed by administering a specially-constructed wordlist balanced for idiodynamic semantic sets (Moran, 1966). Results, from a pre- and posttest control group design, met predictions for 24 matched pairs of schizophrenics and neurotics: after 5 weeks of treatment, schizophrenics gained significantly in popular responses for ambiguous but not for unambiguous stimulus words, whereas neurotics did not gain significantly for either condition. Positive correlation for schizophrenics between ambiguous word response popularity gains in home and community adjustment as rated by a significant other coincided with expectations from response interference theory (Broen, 1968). PMID- 711872 TI - Differentiating schizophrenics through parental conflict. AB - Compared 154 parents of Schizophrenic Maladjusted, and Community young people (S, M, C) through the Conflict in Marriage Scale (CIMS), an agree-disagree card sort. Both men and women could be differentiated accurately according to the diagnostic group of their offspring (discriminant function analysis). On CIMS items that showed at least a 20% difference between any two diagnostic groups in proportion of affirmative response, S fathers were intermediate between M and C fathers significantly more often than in a high or low (extreme) position. PMID- 711873 TI - Suicidal, aggressive, and normal children's perception of personal and impersonal death. AB - Tested the assumption that young children's suicidal behavior is connected to their concept of death. An additional objective was to explore whether distortions in the concept of death stem from limitations in cognitive functioning or from a defensive process. The sample consisted of 21 Ss in three equal groups of suicidal, aggressive, and normal children, ages 10-12. The variables of socioeconomic status, cultural background, and intelligence were controlled. The children were asked to respond to questions about impersonal death (the death of others) and personal death (one's own death). The results indicated that the three groups differed mainly in regard to the personal death concept. Suicidal children attributed the cause of death to suicide and referred to life after death and to resurrection more often than the other groups. Both normal and aggressive children emphasized the finality and irreversibility of death. However, normal children attributed the cause of death to natural processes, while aggressive children referred to brutality as a main cause of death. It is concluded that the suicidal children's view of death could facilitate suicidal behavior and that it should be a subject for concern in the treatment of such children. PMID- 711874 TI - Logical and nonlogical classification systems: a look at the underlying complexity of overinclusion in schizophrenics. PMID- 711875 TI - Insomnia: anxiety, sleep-incompatible behaviors and depression. AB - Evaluated the relevance of the physiological-arousal model, the stimulus-control paradigm, and depression to insomnia both as a unitary construct and to its components. The Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Sleep Behavior Self Rating Scale and the Zung Depression Scale were administered to 81 clinical Ss. Three separate discriminant function analyses were performed with self-reported "sleeping difficulty," "latency of falling asleep," and "total hours of sleep" as criterion variables. The above three scales and the following four sleep patterns were used as indices: number of nocturnal wakings, latency to fall asleep once awake, number of early wakings, and frequency of feelings of fatigue upon wakings. The findings indicated that the physiological-arousal model was relevant both to insomnia overall and to its component of sleep-onset insomnia. The stimulus control paradigm was found to be relevant only to sleep-onset insomnia. Depression was not a sensitive discriminator, possibly due to the heterogeneity of the patient population studied. It is emphasized that different mechanisms might be operating with the heterogeneous symptom "insomnia," and the replication of findings with criteria that include significant others and electroencephalographic measures is suggested. PMID- 711876 TI - Essential hypertension and self-disclosure. AB - A matched sample of 16 hypertensive and 16 non-hypertensive Air Force male Ss were administered the Journal Self-Disclosure questionnaire and participated in an interview that discussed high and low intimate topics. Questionnaire data, content analysis scores of interview topics, and situational stress measures supported the hypothesis that hypertensives conceal their personal thoughts and feelings from others and deny the emotion-arousing stimuli of a self-disclosure situation. Investigation of the underlying psychodynamics of hypertension in a self-disclosing situation as a potentially fruitful line of research was discussed. PMID- 711877 TI - Verbal reinforcement combinations in schizophrenics. AB - Investigated the effects of verbal reinforcement paradigms on hospitalized schizophrenics and staff. Positive reinforcement that involved good was found to be relatively ineffective for all groups; furthermore, associating good with the termination of a white noise did not increase its effectiveness for schizophrenics. Verbal punishment was more effective than verbal positive reinforcement for staff, but for schizophrenics only when explicit problem solving instructions were given. The results suggest that the reduction of deficit is not more likely via verbal punishment; if anything, deficit is increased because of increased staff performance under verbal punishment. PMID- 711878 TI - Personality correlates of the sex role types. AB - Tested three hypotheses with regard to the differences among four sex-role types. Ss were 423 girls and 225 boys in five private high schools in grades 9 to 12. Each volunteer S completed the Berm Sex Role Inventory, the Interpersonal Style Inventory, and Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test. Ss were categorized or typed as Masculine, Feminine, Androgynous and Undifferentiated on the basis of their masculine and feminine BSRI scores. A discriminant function was applied to compare the groups with respect to the ISI scores. The first dimension of difference for both sexes was defined by the Masculine typed group and the second dimension by the Feminine typed group. The Androgynous typed group scored high on both axes, while the Undifferentiated scored low on both axes. The Masculine typed group was most directive, achieving, and independent. The Feminine group was highest on nurturance, tolerance and sensitivity. The Androgynous members were balanced with respect to the above characteristics. Comparison of the groups, separated by sex, as to ego development score, indicated that the male undifferentiated were significantly lower. PMID- 711879 TI - The prediction of outcome from anhedonia and process-reactive scales. AB - Earlier researchers have suggested that the ability of process-reactive measures to predict future adjustment may result from their relationships to the anhedonia dimension. In the present study the abilities of process-reactive and anhedonia measures, independent of one another, to predict rehospitalization data were compared. After anhedonia scores had been partialed out, schizophrenics' process reactive scores were correlated modestly with length of the patients' next hospitalization and reclassification as nonschizophrenic. No such significant correlations appeared between anhedonia and adjustment measures after process reactive scores had been partialed out. Among nonschizophrenics, a sizeable correlation between anhedonia and the probability of later diagnosis of schizophrenia appeared, which suggests that anhedonia may be a useful prodromal marker for schizophrenia. PMID- 711880 TI - Utilization of the Goldberg MMPI profile classification rules for the assessment of psychopathology in different clinical populations. AB - MMPI profiles of 545 psychiatric inpatients and 560 incarcerated offenders were separated sequentially into normal, sociopathic, neurotic and psychotic groups by means of Goldberg's profile classification rules. Patient-prisoner differences in both rates of classification and profile patterns of groups within diagnostic categories were assessed quantitatively, and profiles were interpreted by use of standard MMPI codebooks. For the hospitalized Ss comparisons also were made between clinical diagnoses and Goldberg-MMPI classifications. The resulting differences in classification rates, similarities of profiles within diagnostic categories, correspondence between obtained and codebook-expected profiles, and agreement between clinical and Goldberg-MMPI classifications were not such that this approach could be used with confidence as a basis for establishing diagnostic group membership. Although Goldberg's system appears to represent certain improvements over previous criterion-related methods of profile classification, it was concluded that its value nonetheless is limited by the assumption of an invariant relationship between test patterns and nontest variables. PMID- 711881 TI - Performance satisfaction of depressives under high and low success conditions. AB - Evaluated two competing predictions about the effects of high and low success experiences on depressives' satisfaction with performance. No support was found for the prediction derived from Beck's cognitive theory, which posits distorted, negative cognitions about the self as the central dynamic of depression. However, results did tend to support the learned helplessness model's contention that depression is characterized by the perception that reinforcements occur independent of the individual's responses. PMID- 711882 TI - Correcting for cultural factors in evaluating intellectual deficit on the WAIS. AB - Obtained estimates of the effects of ethnic group, sex, education, and clinical diagnosis on WAIS IQ scores of 776 psychiatric patients by least squares regression methods. Estimates of expected IQ for various demographically defined segments of the general population were obtained by setting the expected IQ for white high school graduates at 101 and then adding or subtracting the specific effects associated with different ethnic group, sex, and education. A formula for norming WAIS Full Scale IQ scores to X = 100 and SD = 15 within various demographically defined segments of the population is proposed. PMID- 711883 TI - The Trail Making Test and Bender Background Interference Procedure as screening devices. AB - The Trail Making Test and Bender Background Interference Procedure were evaluated with 598 Ss against both external neurologic criteria and against psychological opinion derived from a more complete evaluation. For Trails, highly significant differences in mean scores were seen when preselected neurologic patients and patients without neurologic stigmata were compared. Similarly, the distribution of classification of these patients by Bender is significantly different from chance. Application of these measures in a screening paradigm, however, yielded large numbers of false negatives against both neurological and psychological criteria. It was not possible to establish an optimal cutting score to justify application of these measures as screening devices, either alone or in concert. PMID- 711884 TI - Abbreviating the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery. AB - Describes a brief and relatively data-rich abbreviated form of the Reitan. By employing the Trail Making Test, the Aphasia Screening Test, and Block Design and Digit Symbol from the WAIS, one can predict the presence and severity of organic impairment and comment on lateralization and localization. Findings are cross validated. PMID- 711885 TI - Bender-Gestalt reproduction times for retarded adults. AB - Examined the length of time required by retarded adults to complete the Bender Gestalt test with a sample of 241 test administrations. In order to provide for normative comparisons among retarded adults, descriptive data are presented on the Bender reproduction times of adults in three AAMD ranges of retardation based on WAIS IQs and two ranges based on Stanford-Binet IQs. Negative correlations were found between the length of Bender times and the degree of retardation. The duration of Bender times was correlated positively with the number of errors in reproduction as measured by the Koppitz developmental scoring system. PMID- 711886 TI - A further analysis of the Block Rotation Test. AB - While Satz's Block Rotation Test has shown promise in its ability to detect brain dysfunction, its factorial and psychometric properties have not been investigated extensively. This study investigated the factor structure of the test across two different S groups. In addition, internal reliability and discrimination between patient groups with and without neurological impairment was assessed. Only one factor, which dealt with Time Errors and Age of the patient, was replicated across two separate factor analyses that used different patient populations. Analyses of internal consistency, using a number of different breakdowns, yielded corrected Spearman-Brown coefficients that ranged from .77 to .94. A fourth analysis showed that a simple summation of errors on the two parts of the test could discriminate reliably between different diagnostic patient groups. PMID- 711887 TI - The development of a WAIS short form for clinical populations. AB - Assessed the validity of a brief form of the WAIS in the evaluation of several clinical populations. The short form was composed of three subtests: Similarities, Picture Arrangement, and Block Design. The sample consisted of 27 schizophrenics, paranoid type; 30 schizophrenics, schizoid-affective type, 29 schizophrenics, chronic undifferentiated type; and 28 organics (brain syndrome patients). Correlations were computed between the weighted IQ scores of each population and the Full Scale IQ. Correlations of .94 for chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics and .81 for organics were particularly noteworthy. Moreover, this triad of subtests underestimated the IQ score for organics by 7.11 points, which suggests that the constant used with this population should be corrected appropriately. PMID- 711888 TI - A comparison of the WISC and WISC-R on black child psychiatric outpatients. AB - Administered the WISC and WISC-R in a counterbalanced design to 20 black child psychiatric outpatients. The resulting test scores revealed the two to be essentially different with lower Verbal, Performance and Full Scale IQs Subtests WISC-R scores were also lower than those on the WISC. Significant practice effects occurred when the WISC was preceded by the WISC-R, but not when the order of test presentation was reversed. The boys' combined WISC and WISC-R scores were higher than the girls' on the Information, Arithmetic, Similarities, Vocabulary, Picture Completion, Block Design, Object Assembly, and Coding Subtests and Verbal and Full Scale IQs. The girls scored higher on Coding. The tests were found to be highly correlated. The major implication is that greater numbers of black children may be given developmental disability labels. PMID- 711889 TI - A comparison of an ITPA estimated psycholinguistic quotient and WISC-R IQS for developmentally disabled children. AB - Compared an estimated Psycholinguistic Quotient, based on Cronkhite and Penner's (1975) revised scoring procedure for the ITPA Psycholinguistic Age, to the WISC-R Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs of developmentally disabled children. The Quotient entered into strong relationships with the WISC-R Verbal and Full Scale IQs. The diagnostic significance of these correlations was discussed. The data indicated that the estimated Psycholinguistic Quotient was a valid measure for screening intellectual status in this population. PMID- 711890 TI - MMPL-differences between fee-paying and non-fee-paying psychotherapy clients. AB - Compared the MMPI profiles of 23 randomly selected fee-paying clients (FP group) of an out-patient psychiatry clinic to those of 23 clients who left unpaid bills (NFP group). All Ss had been terminated at least 2 months. No differences between groups were found on age, education, income, fee level, number of therapy sessions, sex, or marital status. The NFP group scored significantly higher on the F, Paranoia, and Schizophrenia scales. Additionally, the NFP group endorsed significantly more critical items and generated a greater number of mean scale scores over 70. These results suggest a relationship between degree of psychopathology and non-fee-payment. PMID- 711891 TI - Anxiety and actualization: further research. AB - In a recent article, Wilkins, Hjelle, and Thompson (1977) argued that unlike the Dabrowski-deGrace hypothesis, self-actualized Ss should have lower levels of manifest anxiety than low self-actualized Ss. Wilkins et al. demonstrated that this was indeed a preferable hypothesis. The present experiment concerns the relationship of actualization to state and trait anxiety. Ss were administered the Personal Orientation Inventory, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Catteil's measure of state-trait anxiety. The results support the Wilkins et al. reformulation by demonstrating that: (1) high self-actualized Ss had lower trait anxiety scores; and (2) high self-actualized Ss were susceptible to state anxiety within the limits established by their trait anxiety level. PMID- 711893 TI - Analyzing affective responses to past events: women's reactions to a childbearing year. AB - Applied content analysis scales on the work of Gottschalk and Gleser (1969) to 200 women's recollections of four stages of a recently completed child-bearing year. On 11 of 13 affective indices, significant differences were found. Pregnancy was characterized by diffuse and cognitive anxiety and hostility directed inward, and labor by mutilation anxiety. During both pregnancy and labor, general anxiety, death anxiety, ambivalent hostility, and affective costs were comparatively high. Mothers revealed least affective arousal during hospitalization. Considerable guilt and shame anxiety were experienced in the months after the birth. PMID- 711892 TI - Sex-role stereotyping in mental health standards in Israel. AB - Investigated sex-role stereotyping in mental health standards in Israel in a sample of 60 nonclients, 60 clients and 60 psychotherapists. Recent studies of sex-role stereotypes in America have shown that males still maintain traditional stereotypes and perceive the healthy adult female as more stereotypically feminine than either the healthy male or adult. Women, however, have changed their traditional perceptions toward female mental health and now rate the healthy adult female as similar to the healthy adult male and the healthy adult. In contrast to the recent American findings, female therapists in the Israeli study viewed the healthy female as significantly more stereotypically feminine than the healthy male. Male therapists were more equalitarian in their ratings and surprisingly rated the healthy male as significantly more feminine than did female therapists. These findings are discussed in terms of cross-cultural differences. Congruency of client-therapist sex-linked mental health standards also are examined and the implications for the therapeutic process discussed. PMID- 711894 TI - A multidimensional scaling analysis of empathy. AB - Randomly arranged 10 high stimuli into 45 pairs, and a group of psychologists made judgments as to the similarity of the pairs in terms of Truax and Carkhuff's (1967) definition of empathy along a 7-point scale. A similar procedure was followed for the 10 stimuli in the "low" group and the results analyzed by multidimensional scaling. Three similar dimensions accounted for a majority of the variance in Ss judgments in both groups. Dimension One was interpreted in terms of the appropriateness vs. inappropriateness of the therapist's voice tone and comments. Dimension Two reflected high vs. low emotional intensity. Dimension Three was interpreted as patient vs. therapist dominance. An attempt was made to relate these dimensions to those proposed by Truax and Carkhuff (1967) to be involved in the empathetic process. PMID- 711895 TI - Negative expectancy as a mediating variable in marihuana intoxication. AB - Sixty experienced marihuana smokers participated in a study designed to assess the effect of a negative expectancy on marihuana intoxication. Two different environments, threat of shock and no-threat, were used under the drug conditions of marihuana and placebo. Ss came into the laboratory and adjusted a level of shock received at their fingertips, to a point of mild discomfort. Only those Ss in the threat groups were given the expectation that they would receive the shock at random times during the sessions. Results show that Ss in the marihuana threat group got subjectively less intoxicated, found the environment less pleasant, and yet had higher pulse rates than did Ss in the marihuana no-threat group. The results are discussed in terms of a cognitive component, and specifically that of labelling, in the determination of level of intoxication. PMID- 711896 TI - Voluntary heart rate changes and the marihuana "high". AB - Investigated the interaction of psychological and physiological measures of the marihuana intoxicated state. The subjective measure of intoxication was the "How High" Scale, a rating of percentage of the S's usual "high." The objective measure was pulse rate, which has been found to be the most consistent physiological indicator of marihuana intoxication. By means of biofeedback techniques, Ss in the experimental group were taught to increase voluntarily pulse rate when intoxicated. A control group attended to feedback, but did not manipulate pulse rate. Group comparisons of the dependent measures demonstrated that while both groups experienced a similar subjective "high", the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher pulse rate. This discrepancy between objective and subjective measures demonstrates the complexity of the intoxicated state. PMID- 711897 TI - The use of the Goldberg Indices with alcoholics: a cautionary note. AB - Applied Goldberg's (1972) regression equation for the classification of MMPI profiles to the MMPI profiles of 173 alcoholic male veterans. All Ss also completed a detailed alcoholic life history questionnaire. It was hypothesized that there would be differences between the life history responses of those Ss classified as sociopathic and those classified as normal neurotic, or psychotic. However, analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups. This finding is discussed in terms of the relationship of life events to diagnosis and the validity of the use of Goldberg Indices with alcoholic patients. PMID- 711898 TI - Modification of smoking behaviors in a correctional institution. AB - Effected two studies in a prison setting to determine the effectiveness of self control procedures with institutionalized cigarette smokers. In Study I, 14 male inmates were given instruction in self-control techniques. The 6 inmates who completed treatment manifested significant reductions in their cigarette smoking. Intercorrelations between goal setting and smoking rates suggested the efficacy of a changing criterion schedule. A second study replicated Study I and suggested an appreciable (p less than .06) locus of control X type of goal setting (therapist vs. client) interaction. Study II also showed: (1) some components of treatment were perceived as significantly more helpful than others; (2) self control treatment seemed effective with a pipe smoker; and (3) in comparison to Study I a relatively low drop-out rate occurred in this study, which used a contracting procedure to discourage drop-outs. Results are discussed in terms of treatment implications for inmate smokers, and suggestions for further research were provided. PMID- 711899 TI - Prediction of red cell mass from weight and height: a nomogram. PMID- 711900 TI - Bacterial contamination of laboratory forms. PMID- 711901 TI - Sensitivity of urine-grown cells of Providencia stuartii to antiseptics. AB - Urine-grown cultures of 23 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria having a range of minimum inhibitory concentration values for chorhexidine were challenged with various concentrations of this antiseptic. The results suggest that cells of Providencia stuartii, in particular, exhibit a considerable degree of resistance to chlorhexidine under these conditions, concentrations of up to 10 000--20 000 microgram/ml of urine being necessary to produce complete loss of viability of such cultures. Of the other two antiseptics tested, phenoxyethanol proved to be the more effective, the recommended use concentration of 2% v/v producing reductions in viable counts of greater than six logarithms in all the strains examined. It is suggested that phenoxyethanol may be a suitable alternative to the cationic agents for use in antiseptic policies for bladder management of urinary tract infections with Providencia stuartii. PMID- 711902 TI - Further studies on the umbilical cord and its water content. AB - The results show that the varied appearance of the umbilical cord at birth can be related to its water content and that there are associated changes to be seen histologically in all layers of the cord, but especially in Wharton's jelly. Quantimet analysis confirms these findings and highlights a small group where dual pathology may exist. The relationship between oedematous cords, large drip volume, and respiratory distress in the newborn is considered, and a possible explanation for reduced placental transfusion and low red cell mass in these babies is proffered. PMID- 711903 TI - Catecholamines and free fatty acids in plasma of patients undergoing cardiac operations with hypothermia and bypass. AB - Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and free fatty acids were measured at different stages of cardiac operations in which hypothermia and bypass were used. The rise of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and free fatty acid concentrations in plasma is consistent with the concept that these are important compounds in stress situations such as hypothermia and surgical operations. There is a more marked release of adrenaline and it may be a more specific hormone in response to hypothermia and bypass than is noradrenaline in man. PMID- 711904 TI - An improved method for the diagnosis of polycythaemia. AB - The red cell mass was measured in 44 normal subjects and showed a closer correlation with total body water or surface area than with body weight. The results obtained in a group of patients with polycythaemia, however, still overlap with the normal range. When the total number of circulating red cells is measured these patients form a group quite separate from the normals. The diagnostic value of this measurement is therefore considerably greater than results obtained with the red cell mass. PMID- 711905 TI - Haemoglobin A2 levels in vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. AB - Haemoglobin A2 levels were measured in 50 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, 50 patients with folate deficiency, and six patients with combined deficiencies of these vitamins. All were normal except for three patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, who had a slightly elevated Hb A2 level; this fell to normal after vitamin B12 therapy. It is concluded that haemoglobin A2 levels are usually normal in vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. However, raised levels of haemoglobin A2 may be found, but these are not as high as is found in beta thalassaemia trait and should not cause difficutly in diagnosis. PMID- 711906 TI - Atheroembolism. AB - A review of the literature has shown that atheroembolism as a cause of clinically evident disease is an entity that is little documented. Sections of tissues from necropsies on patients over the age of 60 years from 1970 to 1977 inclusive were reviewed and examined for evidence of atheroembolism, and an incidence of 0.79% was found. In every case of embolism the aorta showed advanced atheroma, sometimes with aneurysm formation. The ESR in some instances was increased, sometimes markedly so. Some of the problems of antemorten diagnosis are discussed. To emphasise the possible clinical importance of the condition, a rare instance of spinal cord infarction due to atheroembolism is described. PMID- 711907 TI - Carcinoid tumour of the uterine cervix. AB - A carcinoid tumour of the cervix in a 64-year-old woman is described. It is the first time that this rare tumour has been associated with carcinoma-in-situ. PMID- 711908 TI - Technical quality control in histopathology. AB - A pilot scheme for technical quality control in histopathology is described. The test material used and the methods of assessment and reporting are detailed. The scheme outlines not only interlaboratory comparison of technical performance but also provides a method of sharing uncommon material. PMID- 711909 TI - Pathology of five Scottish deaths from pneumonic illnesses acquired in Spain due to Legionnaires' disease agent. AB - The pathology and histology are reported of five Scots who died of severe pneumonic illnesses after holidays in Spain, three in 1973 and two in 1977. There is strong evidence in favour of all the deaths having been due to the newly discovered Legionnaires' disease (LD) agent. The agent (or its soluble antigen) has been visualised in sections of lung tissue by fluorescent-antibody tests in all cases, and the agent has been identified by the Dieterle silver staining method in small numbers in all cases. Serological testing was possible in three of the patients, and two had very high antibody titres against the LD agent. Apart from the extensive and severe nature of the pathological process there is no feature to distinguish pulmonary infection by this agent from that due to more commonly known bacteria capable of causing lobar pneumonia. The severity and extensive nature of the process is partly a reflection of neglect in seeking treatment until late in the infection, and partly a reflection, as revealed in retrospect, on the use of the wrong antibiotic combination during treatment. Erythromycin has been recommended by other workers as the drug of choice against the LD agent. Infection by this organism is not confined to the USA or to Spain and is indigenous also in the United Kingdom. PMID- 711911 TI - Routine use of counter-immunoelectrophoresis test for detecting antibody to hepatitis B virus core antigen. AB - Tests by counter-immunoelectrophoresis for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were introduced into a routine testing programme for evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Samples tested for anti-HBc were selected on the basis of the results of tests for HBsAg and clinical details. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were assessed and correlations made with the presence of HBsAg. The presence of anti-HBc was very useful in the interpretation of a doubtful positive result for HBsAg in the haemagglutination test. With very few exceptions the serum samples positive for HBsAg by routine tests also contained anti-HBc. It is concluded that the test is valuable and merits introduction into routine testing programmes. PMID- 711910 TI - Circulating immune complexes and complement levels in relation to the clinical presentation of Nigerian children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - Circulating immune complexes have been detected in the sera of 24 Nigerian children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis using two methods. There was a significant correlation between levels of soluble complexes, detected in samples taken from patients in the oliguric phase of acute nephritis, and severity of disease, as judged by blood urea levels. Serial estimation of immune complexes was more useful than serial C3 estimation in predicting the onset of anuria in two patients admitted with mild disease who subsequently deteriorated. With one exception, C4 values were normal. Factor B levels were low in 90% of cases, in keeping with activation of the alternate complement pathway. PMID- 711912 TI - Serological evidence of presence of HBsAg undetectable by conventional radioimmunoassay in anti-HBc positive blood donors. AB - Sera from two blood donors, one of whom was implicated in a case of post transfusion hepatitis B, were found to be positive for anti-HBc and negative for HBsAg by conventional radioimmunoassay and were retested for HBsAg after concentration (pepsin digestion and polyethylene glycol precipitation). The presence of occult HBsAg was confirmed in both. These observations have implications for blood transfusion, and wider studies of anti-HBc in blood donors are recommended before the introduction of routine screening for anti-HBc and exclusion of the positive donors from blood donation. PMID- 711913 TI - Prevalence of pathogenic yeasts and humoral antibodies to candida in diabetic patients. AB - The prevalence of oral yeasts and humoral precipitating antibodies to candida was estimated in 204 unselected diabetic patients (172 outpatients and 32 inpatients). Yeasts, mainly Candida albicans, were isolated from the mouths of 41% of the outpatients and precipitins were found in 17.5% although none of the patients had clinically overt candidiasis. The extent of oral yeast colonisation and incidence of antibodies was not related to their antidiabetic treatment or to the duration of their diabetes. It was, however, related to the blood glucose and urine sugar levels at the time they were sampled, the highest incidence being among the diabetic inpatients with high blood glucose levels at the time of sampling and the lowest among outpatients with normal blood glucose levels at the time of sampling. There was no such correlation when diabetic control over the previous 12-month period was considered. PMID- 711914 TI - Food as a source of Klebsiella species for colonisation and infection of intensive care patients. AB - Food prepared for intensive care patients was frequently contaminated with Klebsiella species. Sixty-eight per cent of nasogastric feeds were contaminated with up to 10(4) klebsiellae per ml. Hospital kitchens were the source of contamination. Three patients ingested klebsiellae and subsequently excreted the same serotype in their faeces. Over a four-week period there was a correlation between kitchen, food, faecal, and clinical serotypes of klebsiellae. Serotypes ingested by intensive care patients occurred more frequently in clinical isolates from intensive care patients than from other hospital patients. Patients often acquired a food strain that had been ingested by another patient on the same ward. PMID- 711915 TI - R-factor mediated trimethoprim resistance: result of two three-month clinical surveys. AB - All urinary tract isolates were monitored in the Whittington Hospital, London for trimethoprim resistance over a three-month period in 1975; this survey was repeated 18 months later in 1977. In the later survey the incidence of trimethoprim resistance had increased significantly, and the proportion of strains carrying R-factors conferring trimethoprim resistance had nearly doubled. The pattern of resistances associated with R-factor trimethoprim resistance also changed betweeen these two surveys. PMID- 711916 TI - Use of sensitivity discs as primary antibiotic standards in MIC determination. AB - A method for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) is described, in which commercially prepared antibiotic sensitivity testing discs are used as primary antibiotic standards from which the necessary dilutions are prepared in WHO Perspex haemagglutination plates. The materials required are readily available in most laboratories at a cost in time and reagents that compares favourably with most traditional methods of MIC testing. The same techniques may also be used to demonstrate combined antibiotic activity and to differentiate between bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, with little expenditure of laboratory resources. PMID- 711917 TI - Gas liquid chromatography for detection of bacteriuria: examination for volatile acidic and neutral compounds. AB - Direct injection of clinically infected urines on porous-polymer columns was investigated to determine which microbial metabolites were consistently detectable, and whether their presence could be used as a reliable index of infection. Chromosorb 101 was found to be the most suitable porous polymer for the detection of microbial metabolites; greater sensitivity of detection was achieved by partial purification of the urine before injection. Acetic acid was the only compound found consistently and it enabled 10(6) microorganisms per ml to be detected in urine. However, as urinary tract infection is diagnosed by the presence of 10(5) organisms or more per ml, our method is insufficiently sensitive for the detection of bacteriuria. Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, Stapyhlococcus albus, and Streptocococcus faecalis were detectable by our method but Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were not. PMID- 711918 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum ferritin. AB - Purified human spleen ferritin was labelled with 125I. On Sepharose 6-B gel filtration four species of labelled products were separated: a component with a higher molecular weight than ferritin; a component which is eluted in the same volume as unlabelled ferritin; and two labelled compounds with molecular weights lower than ferritin. When these labelled materials were used in a double antibody radioimmunoassay, the high molecular weight fraction showed variable and high non specific binding and was poorly displaced by unlabelled ferritin; the fraction behaving like true ferritin gave good standard curves and showed non-specific binding of less than 1%. The remaining two components showed poor binding to rabbit antiferritin. Using labelled material from the second fraction, a double antibody radioimmunoassay capable of measuring 2 microgram ferritin protein/litre of serum was developed. Inter- and intra-assay variation was between 3% and 8% over a concentration range of 0 to 250 microgram ferritin protein/litre. Good agreement between serum ferritin levels assayed by the present method and by an immunoradiometric method was obtained. Labelled ferritin was stable for at least six weeks. The simplicity of the methodology makes it possible to assay serum ferritin in large batches. PMID- 711919 TI - A microtechnique for measuring red cell osmotic fragility of infants. AB - Chloramphenicol (D-threo-2-dichloroacetamido-1-p-nitrophenylpropane-1,3-diol) added to blood samples did not alter the observed shift in the red cell osmotic fragility curves as the samples were aged in vitro for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Nor was the normal rate of loss of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ATP, or glutathione from the red cells affected by the presence of chloramphenicol over the same period. Consequently, this bacteriostatic agent can be added to blood samples taken under non-sterile conditions, such as from the heel of an infant, in order to preserve them from the effects of microbial contamination. In this way red cell osmotic fragility results can be obtained on non-sterile samples after their incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. A miniaturisation of the standard osmotic fragility procedure is described, which allows results to be produced from the small, non-sterile samples obtained by heel-prick of infants. PMID- 711921 TI - An analysis of blood specimen container leakage. AB - Procedures have been designed to test specimen containers for leakage, using blood and aqueous fluorescein solution as indicators. They have been used in a trial evaluation of a number of commercially available containers intended for medical specimens. Glass bijou bottles, evacuated container systems, and several types of plastic container showed no significant leakage rate with either blood or aqueous solution when they were tested at room temperature, but a large proportion of the plastic containers leaked after being subjected to -20 degrees. C. These would thus be suitable and satisfactory for blood count specimens but not for specimens of serum and other body fluids, which are usually stored frozen. With all types of container tested there was spontaneous discharge of contents (blood or aqueous solution) on opening in a proportion of them; thus no container at present available seems to be entirely free from hazard. PMID- 711920 TI - An unstable haemoglobin, Hb Tacoma beta30 (B12) arg leads to ser, detected at birth by the demonstration of red cell inclusions. AB - Incomplete expression of human haemoglobin beta-chains at birth may lead to difficulty in the early demonstration of an inherited beta-chain variant. In this case, the rare unstable variant, Hb Tacoma beta30 (B12) arg leads to ser, although not present in cord blood in sufficient amounts to be easily detected by routine electrophoretic techniques, was readily shown to be present by the striking inclusions provoked by prolonged incubation of the neonatal red cells with new methylene blue. PMID- 711922 TI - Disposable polythene catheter; an alternative to the brochial brushing method for cytology of bronchial secretions obtained with the fibreoptic bronchoscope. PMID- 711923 TI - Bacteriology of pilonidal cyst abscesses. PMID- 711924 TI - Control of unauthorized drug use. PMID- 711925 TI - Hemodynamic effects of morphine in cardiac disease. AB - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous morphine were documented by right heart catheterization in six patients with an acute uncomplicated transmural myocardial infarction one to three days after the onset of symptoms. Intracardiac pressures, brachial artery pressure, and cardiac output were determined before and 15 minutes after the termination of the morphine infusion. Five milligrams morphine was given intravenously over a 10-minute period. The brachial artery pressure fell from a mean of 78 to a mean of 73 mm Hg (NS). As a result or morphine administration, the average cardiac index decreased from 2.68 to 2.31 liters/min m2 (P is less than 0.05), and the stroke index decreased from 27 to 22 ml/beat-m2 (P is less than 0.05). Only small changes were observed in the intracardiac pressures. PMID- 711926 TI - Comparative metabolism of chloral hydrate and triclofos. PMID- 711927 TI - Contribution to the pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline. AB - The clinical pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline were studied in four volunteers after the oral administration of 75 mg. Peak amitriptyline plasma concentrations ranged from 10.8 to 43.7 ng/ml. The disappearance was biphasic and followed first order kinetics. The mean elimination half-life was 36.1 hours. The mean estimated first-pass metabolism of amitriptyline was 60 per cent. Significant quantities of the metabolite, nortriptyline, were produced although peak concentrations ranged from only 5.9 to 12.3 ng/ml. The relationship between these findings to clinical practice and earlier reports is discussed. PMID- 711928 TI - Deafness due to plain and long-acting aspirin tablets. PMID- 711929 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in infancy. AB - Theophylline clearance rates and half-life values were measured in 15 infants aged three to 23 months, after infusion of aminophylline by the intravenous route for at least 24 hours. The mean clearance rate was 1.07 +/- 0.55 ml/min-kg, which is comparable with values obtained by others in older children. There was some correlation of clearance rates with age. The mean half-life was 4.4 +/- 2.2 hours. There was a tenfold variability in half-life, suggesting that individualization of theophylline dose is especially important in infants if undertreatment and toxicity are to be avoided. PMID- 711930 TI - Displacement of bilirubin from albumin by indomethacin. AB - The primary albumin binding site of indomethacin is remote from the bilirubin binding site. Indomethacin is, at most, a weak displacer of bilirubin at low serum drug concentrations. When administered at dosages less than 1 mg/kg, indomethacin would appear to be safe with respect to serum binding of bilirubin in premature infants. PMID- 711931 TI - The effect of phenobarbital on the metabolism of meperidine in normal volunteers. AB - Phenobarbital has been observed clinically to alter the metabolism of meperidine, with resultant enhanced toxicity. In order to determine if this effect occurs consistently, 12 health volunteers were entered into a two-way, crossover study comparing the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of meperidine after pretreatment with both phenobarbital and placebo. Phenobarbital pretreatment had no significant effect on serum levels or the half-life of meperidine. However, phenobarbital pretreatment resulted in a decrease in the cumulative excretion of meperidine and an increase in the cumulative excretion of the N-demethylated metabolite normeperidine. Similarly, phenobarbital pretreatment resulted in a decrease in meperidinic acid and increase in normeperidinic acid. In addition, phenobarbital pretreatment also significantly altered the hepatic clearance of meperidine, indicating an increase in the hepatic N-demethylation of meperidine. Since normeperidine has been reported to be less efficacious and more toxic than meperidine, this reported interaction may be important clinically, especially with repeated doses. PMID- 711932 TI - Cinoxacin: pharmacokinetics and the effect of probenecid. AB - Cinoxacin is a new synthetic organic antibacterial compound which has a serum half-life of approximately 1 hour. Most of the drug is eliminated in man by the kidney, primarily as unchanged drug. The renal clearance of cinoxacin is slightly greater than the usually accepted value for the average glomerular filtration rate, which suggests that it is probably filtered and is also secreted by the tubule. Results after pretreatment with probenecid further suggest secretion of the drug. PMID- 711934 TI - Studies on mobilization of Kupffer cells in mice. II. Mobilization mediated by necrotic tissue injected intraperitoneally. PMID- 711933 TI - Studies on mobilization of Kupffer cells in mice. I. The effect of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver necrosis. PMID- 711935 TI - Effects of Acanthospermum hispidum on goats. PMID- 711936 TI - Experimental intraperitoneal Salmonella dublin infection in rats: effects of concurrent infections with Fasciola hepatica and Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis. PMID- 711937 TI - The population dynamics of Hyostrongylus rubidus infections of pigs after infection with 2500 to 40 000 larvae. PMID- 711938 TI - Myelosclerosis in a cat. PMID- 711939 TI - Isolation of Newcastle disease virus from Phasianidae birds in Hong Kong. PMID- 711940 TI - Transverse section imaging with carbon-11 labeled carbon monoxide. AB - The inhalation of small quantities of carbon-11 labeled carbon monoxide results in a useful red cell label to identify vascular structures in the body and quantitate red cell concentration in tissues. Transverse section images are obtained using PC-II, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Positron Camera. Attenuation correction is performed either by means of transmission data or by analytical methods. Sets of transverse section images give information on red cell distribution in head and torso. Such images may be useful in identifying vascular abnormalities or in quantitating red cell physiology. PMID- 711942 TI - Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses and face: part I. Normal anatomy. AB - With the ability to image both bone and soft tissue structures, computed tomography (CT) is capable of visualizing many normal anatomical structures of the paranasal sinuses and face not seen with other radiological techniques. The superficial and deep fat planes, all of the muscles of mastication, and many of the facial muscles are readily identified. The extraocular muscles, optic nerves, and globes are clearly seen. The purpose of this report is to review the normal anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and face imaged by CT in both the transverse and coronal planes. PMID- 711941 TI - Computed tomographic metrizamide myelography in spinal dysraphism in infants and children. AB - Computed tomographic metrizamide myelography (CTMM) is an accurate and satisfactory method for examining the spinal cord in infants and children. Twenty three patients with spinal dysraphism have been studied by CTMM. This method has proven more informative than conventional myelography in the evaluation of the dysraphic state. PMID- 711944 TI - A new approach to interpolation in computed tomography. PMID- 711943 TI - Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses and face: part II. Pathological anatomy. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has added an important new dimension to the radiological evaluation of diseases of the paranasal sinuses and face. Using transverse and coronal scans, accurate assessment of the character and extent of mass lesions in this region can be achieved. Erosion of thin bony lamine and involvement of soft tissue structures of the face can be seen. Most important, CT is capable of precisely defining the extension of lesions into the pterygopalatine fossa, orbit, and cranial cavity, information that is essential for therapeutic planning. PMID- 711945 TI - An evaluation of cadmium telluride detectors for computer assisted tomography. AB - Cadmium telluride (CdTe) presents a set of extremely attractive features as an X ray detector for computer assisted tomography (CAT). It is stable and easily handled; has a high detection efficiency and very efficient conversion of energy to charge; and permits a high element density in a compact configuration. Unfortunately, effects due to "polarization," "tailing," high and variable leakage currents, and long "memory" are incompatible with the needs of CAT instrumentation. Pulse-processing techniques have allowed us to eliminate these problems in positive-sensitive detectors, thus opening the way for utilization of CdTe in CAT. PMID- 711946 TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis of pseudoascites (floating viscera syndrome). AB - Two cases of excessive fat deposition in the abdomen, confused clinically as massive ascites, are reported. Computed tomography (CT) has proven useful in making a definitive diagnosis of fat deposition in the abdominal and retroperitoneal space and has made further clinical studies unnecessary. No prior cases of pseudoascites (floating viscera syndrome) have been reported in the radiologic literature despite the specificity of CT diagnosis. PMID- 711947 TI - The displaced crus: a sign for distinguishing between pleural fluid and ascites on computed tomography. AB - Fluid collections in the lower pleural cavity and upper abdominal cavity may sometimes appear similar on computed tomography. Lateral displacement of the diaphragmatic crus and interposition of fluid between the crus and vertebral column indicate an intrapleural component. Demonstration of fluid anterior to the crus establishes an intraperitoneal component. Medial location of the posterior recess of the fluid collection and the intercostal bulging of its lateral margin suggest a pleural effusion. PMID- 711948 TI - Differentiation of pleural and pulmonary lesions using computed tomography. AB - We report an analysis of computed tomography (CT) of the thorax in 75 patients with combinations of pleural and parenchymal disease or complex pleural shadows. These patients were among more than 300 with pulmonary disease examined by this method. Twenty-eight percent of the 75 scans within this group were classified as high value, contributing information which was not available from other clinical or roentgenographic data, and which directly altered the management, diagnosis, or prognosis of these patients. Forty percent of the scans were classified as of intermediate value, contributing to better understanding of the case but with no major influence on patient management or prognosis. Thirty-two percent of the scans added no additional information to the chest roentgenograms. Thirty-seven percent of the 46 scans done specifically to differentiate pleural from parenchymal disease were classified as of high value, but only 14% of the scans in patients with pleural fluid loculations or pleural masses were placed in this category. We conclude that thoracic CT provided information not otherwise available in one third of the patients with complex combined pleural and parenchymal disease examined in our series. PMID- 711949 TI - Utility of body computed tomography in the clinical follow-up of abdominal masses. AB - The value of follow-up body computed tomography was assessed in 101 patients with a known or suspected abdominal or pelvic mass. Computed tomography proved to be a useful noninvasive technique for evaluating progression, regression, or recurrence of such masses after therapeutic intervention. Computed tomography provided new or unique clinical information in 87% of these patients: it was not helpful in 2% due to technical difficulty and was misleading in 4%. PMID- 711950 TI - Computed tomography in hydatid disease of the liver: a report on 13 cases. AB - Computed tomography (CT) findings in hydatid disease (echinococciasis) of the liver are described. Disease was caused by Echinococcus granulosus (n = 8) or E. alveolaris (n = 5), respectively. The CT appearance of these two types of echinococciasis is quite different; in disease caused by E. granulosus the CT appearance is pathognomonic when cysts and daughter cysts surrounded by a capsula and peripheral calcification are discernible. In addition, the extent of organ involvement can be determined prior to surgical intervention. The CT appearance of E. alveolaris lesions may be indiscernible from malignant tumors. PMID- 711951 TI - Evaluation of laryngeal cancer by computed tomography. AB - Six cases of laryngeal cancer have been examined by computed tomography. The findings were correlated with those obtained by laryngoscopy and in five cases by pathological examination of the surgical specimens. Computed tomography accurately delineated the extent of tumor involvement of the laryngeal and paralaryngeal soft tissues. The diagnosis of involvement of the laryngeal cartilages presents some problems, which are discussed. PMID- 711952 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage in blunt head trauma. AB - A series of 200 computed tomography (CT) scans performed for blunt head trauma was reviewed. Six patients were found to have clearly definable intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH); in three cases no other CT abnormality was noted. Computed tomography represents the only noninvasive method of detecting IVH, and the incidence of this entity has not previously been studied. Future attention to this problem may well demonstrate an even higher incidence, and establishment of its prognostic significance in trauma will be of considerable value. Scanning in the immediate posttrauma period is crucial. PMID- 711953 TI - Case report. Computer assisted tomography in syringomyelia. AB - A case of cervicothoracic syringomyelia shown on computer assisted tomography is presented. Surgical verification was obtained, and the extent of the cord cavitation was also demonstrated. PMID- 711955 TI - Storage of lactose-hydrolysed dried milk: effect of water activity on the protein nutritional value. AB - The retention of the protein nutritional value during storage of lactose hydrolysed dried milk at different water activities (aw) was studied and compared with that of ordinary milk. In the lactose-hydrolysed milk biologically available lysine decreased much more rapidly than in the ordinary milk at all the different aw studied. Thus, at conditions normally accepted for ordinary dried milk (aw approximately 0.2; moisture approximately 4%) there was an available lysine loss in the hydrolysed milk of about 25% after 2 months and about 40% after 6-months storage at room temperature. This occurred without any visible browning. It is concluded that drying to very low aw (less than or equal to 0.11) is necessary to obtain good stability of the protein nutritional value (PNV) in lactose hydrolysed milk. The drying, however, must be done so that losses in nutritional value are minimal during that process. It should also be noted that fat oxidation might be a problem at such low aw. A chemical method for available lysine assay (guanidination and assay of homoarginine) gave values in good agreement with the biological evaluations with rats. PMID- 711954 TI - Interrelationships between acetylation and the disposal of acetyl groups in the livers of dairy cows. PMID- 711956 TI - The metabolism of [14C]bicarbonate by Streptococcus lactis: the synthesis of succinic acid. AB - Whole cells of Streptococcus lactis C10, when incubated with an energy source, converted fumarate to succinate and malate to lactate. Cell-free extracts of Str. lactis C10 contained fumarate reductase, but no aspartase, adenylosuccinate synthetase and lyase or argininosuccinate synthetase and lyase activity could be detected. Cells grown in the presence of [14C]bicarbonate produced labelled succinate during the synthesis of purine bases. However, the amount of succinate produced by this pathway only accounted for approximately one-sixth of the succinate produced by the cells. PMID- 711957 TI - The metabolism of [14C]bicarbonate by Streptococcus lactis: the fixation of [14C]bicarbonate by pyruvate carboxylase. AB - The fixation of [14C]bicarbonate into aspartate by Streptococcus lactis C10 was achieved by the combined reactions of pyruvate carboxylase (E.C. 6.4.1.1) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (E.C. 2.6.1.1). The pyruvate carboxylase from Str. lactis C10, which was most active at pH 8.0, was activated by the divalent metal ions Mn2+, Mg2+ and Co2+, and inhibited by sulphydryl reagents. The enzyme was inhibited non-competitively by aspartic acid and competitively by oxaloacetate. PMID- 711958 TI - Calorimetric identification of several strains of lactic acid bacteria. AB - A microcalorimetric method has been developed for the identification of 9 representative strains of lactic acid bacteria used in the dairy industry. A chemically defined medium containing several carbohydrates gave reproducible and characteristic growth patterns. The technique is proposed as a rapid alternative method for the identification of bacteria selected for commercial use. PMID- 711959 TI - Lactate dehydrogenases of Streptococcus thermophilus. PMID- 711960 TI - Formation of intracellular fat droplets: interrelation of newly synthesized phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride in milk. AB - The lipogenic system of fresh goat milk was used to investigate the relationship of lipid synthesis to formation of fat droplets. The skim milk phase was incubated with [1-carbon-14] palmitate and incorporation of activity into the glycerolipids was assayed. In two representative experiments, 44 and 56% of the label was incorporated into the lipids. Most of this activity (78 to 84%) was in triglycerides. Of 12 and 10% activity in the phospholipids, about 60% was contained in phosphatidylcholine with substantially smaller amounts in the other phospholipids. The synthesis of triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine was further investigated in relation to distribution of labeled lipids in a cream layer and a sedimenting fluff (membrane) fraction derived by centrifuging the skim milks following incubation. The correlation coefficient for the amounts of activity in phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride in the cream layer was .97. The data are consistent with synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride to meet the requirements of surface and volume expansion, respectively, in formation of fat droplets. Our findings suggest the interesting working hypothesis that phosphatidylcholine synthesis regulates development of fat droplets. PMID- 711961 TI - Effect of succulent and nonsucculent diets on rumen motility and pressure before, during, and after eating. AB - Rumen motility was measured in cattle by recording changes in rumen pressure through a rumen cannula. Irrespective of diet, eating increased rumen motility and amplitude of primary rumen contractions. Succulent, readily fermentable, and nonscabrous alfalfa tops fed alone or with oat hay produced a greater frequency of primary and secondary rumen contractions than oat hay fed alone. The intrarumen pressure was also greater when alfalfa tops were fed. Oat hay in the diet caused primary rumen contractions of a greater amplitude than when alfalfa tops were fed alone. Correlations were positive between frequency of primary and secondary rumen contractions and intrarumen pressure. PMID- 711962 TI - Effect of environmental factors and fetal and maternal genotype on gestation length and birth weight of Holstein calves. AB - Records of gestation length and birth weight on 1522 live single births (from 1958 to 1976) of Holstein calves were from 81 sires and 552 dams. Average gestation length was 282.3 days, and average birth weight was 42.9 kg. Male calves were carried 1.7 days longer than female calves and weighed 2.9 kg more at birth. Both gestation length and birth weight increased with parity. Calves born in spring and summer were carried shorter times and weighed less than those born in fall and winter. Heritabilities of gestation length and birth weight as progeny traits were .73 and .51 and as maternal traits were .19 and .26. Genetic correlations between gestation length and birth weight were .46 as a progeny trait and .35 as a maternal trait. Genetic correlations between progeny traits and maternal traits were negative. The phenotypic correlation between gestation length and birth weight was .37, and environmental correlation was .30. PMID- 711963 TI - A note on angiogenesis. PMID- 711964 TI - The natural course of untreated, uncomplicated, cutaneous hemangiomas. PMID- 711965 TI - Treatment of complicated hemangiomas with adrenocorticosteroids when the integrity or function of important structures or life itself is threatened. PMID- 711966 TI - Feasible surgical management of selected hemangiomas in emergencies, in progressive enlargement, and in termination requiring plastic reconstruction. PMID- 711967 TI - Ophthalmologic considerations of hemangiomas in and about the eyes. PMID- 711968 TI - Intraoral, laryngeal, and pharyngeal hemangiomas. PMID- 711969 TI - Tumor conference No. 19: hemangioma of skeletal muscle. PMID- 711970 TI - Concurrent cutaneous and hepatic hemangiomata in infancy: report of a case and a review of the literature. AB - Fifty-eight cases of concurrent cutaneous and hepatic hemangiomatosis in infants have been reported in the world literature. A fifty-ninth case is herewith reported and the literature is reviewed. Untreated cases have a mortality rate of 81%, whereas the mortality of treated cases is 29%. The main cause of death appears to be the consequence of arteriovenous shunting in the liver. Early and aggressive treatment by prednisone, radiotherapy to the liver, partial resection of liver, and ligation of the hepatic artery, each alone or in combinations, have been effective. PMID- 711971 TI - Therapeutic vascular occlusion. AB - Therapeutic vascular occlusion has been developed to a practicable point by now. The materials used and methods practiced in the Department of Radiology of the New York University School of Medicine are presented in detail. PMID- 711972 TI - Effects of visual and auditory distractors on learning disabled and normal children's recognition memory performance. PMID- 711973 TI - Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland. AB - In 1972 the height of 7601 children aged five to 11.5 years in England and of 2214 in Scotland was measured. Their parents were asked to complete a questionnaire to provide social and antrhopometric information. A sequence of linear models was fitted to the data to assess the associations between social and biological factors and height. At the time of the study it was found that sibship size, father's social class, and his employment status all had a significant relationship with child's height; however, parents' height and child's birthweight both accounted for relatively more of the variance in child's height than father's social class and employment status. In England, sibship size significantly influenced the height of children of manual workers, but not that of nonmanual workers' children. In Scotland, sibship size was associated with height in all social groups. Surveillance and possibly intervention in a wide range of activities should be directed at socially more deprived groups; for example, in Social Class V, in which there are more large families and unemployment is more common. PMID- 711975 TI - Hysterectomy rates and their influence upon mortality from carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Cumulative hysterectomy rates for women in England and Wales have been estimated from data in the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry, and the effect of hysterectomy operations on mortality from cancer of the cervix has been calculated. About six to seven per cent of women born at about the turn of the century have had an hysterectomy by the age of 70, and this proportion could rise to about 19% for women born in the 1940s if present operation rates continue. The time trends in mortality from cancer of the cervix between generations of women are not at present distorted by correction for women without a cervix. Operation rates and their effect on cervical cancer mortality rates are much smaller in England and Wales than in the United States of America. PMID- 711976 TI - Carcinoma of the breast in East Anglia 1960-1975: a changing pattern of presentation? AB - A study was made of the clinical stage at presentation in 10 081 cases of carcinoma of the breast registered with the East Anglian Cancer Registration Bureau between 1960 and 1975. Information about the length of clinical history was obtained in 8862 cases. There has been a gradual increase in the population adjusted incidence of breast carcinoma in the region during the period studied. Since 1968, there has been a consistent increase in Stage I and II registrations, but a fall in Stage III registrations. Stage IV registrations have remained constant. A greater proportion of women with Stage I or II lesions present with a short clinical history, and this pattern has not changed during the course of the study. We suggest that increased interest in, and opportunities for, the early diagnosis of breast disease are leading to a change in the pattern of presentation. PMID- 711974 TI - Comparative epidemiology of multiple sclerosis and dental caries. AB - The geographical distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) are compared with those of dental caries. The rates of death due to MS in Australian states are linearly related to the numbers of decayed, missing, and filled (DMF) teeth found in individuals from those states (r=0.97, P less than 0.002). In the United States of America, a strong positive correlation (r=0.55, P less than 0.001) also exists between MS death rates and dental caries indices. The prevalence of MS in 45 countries or areas correlates well with the frequencies of DMF teeth among children of school age in those locations (r=0.78, P less than 0.001). The prevalence of MS also correlates well with the percentage of edentulous individuals in certain countries (r=0.99, P less than 0.001). A review of the literature shows that the risk for dental caries is lower among the following groups: the lower socioeconomic classes in the United States of America; Chinese immigrants to England compared with natives; blacks compared with whites; and males compared with females. The dental caries risk is higher during pregnancy and lactation. All these trends have been described for MS as well. It is suggested that dental caries may be a more accurate epidemiological model for MS than poliomyelitis. It is also suggested that MS and dental caries may share certain aetiological factors, two of which may be dietary excess of certain fats, and vitamin D deficiency. PMID- 711977 TI - A study of the fertility of mothers of twins. AB - Data on all births to Birmingham residents during a ten-year period were used to compare the reproductive history of mothers immediately before and after a twin maternity with that of mothers of similar age and parity before and after a single birth. It was found that mothers of twins were less likely than mothers of singletons to have a subsequent birth if both twins survived, but if only one survived there was little difference between the two groups. If both twins died, however, the likelihood of a later birth was increased. The interval before the next birth was longer than expected when both twins survived and much shorter when both died. The sex of the twins appeared to have little influence on subsequent reproduction, in spite of the fact that for singleton-containing fraternities a further pregnancy was more likely if the first two children were of the same sex than if they were of opposite sexes. The mean interval preceding a twin maternity was almost the same as that preceding a single birth when both twins survived, but it was shorter when one twin died (being similar to that preceding the birth of a singleton who died) and it was much shorter when both twins died. PMID- 711978 TI - Predisposing factors leading to child trauma. An analysis of specific versus non specific causes in motor vehicle and drowning fatalities. AB - In many Western countries, trauma is the chief cause of death in children aged one to 14 years. A large number of these deaths are the result of motor vehicle accidents or drowning. It is postulated that the causes of such trauma can be classified into (a) non-specific, predetermining social factors; (b) specific social factors; and (c) acute triggers. Prevention strategies vary considerably for these three groups. Prevention is most cost-effective when directed against specific social factors. In this paper, data for childhood motor vehicle and drowning fatalities in Australia have been analysed and scored for non-specific social influences on childhood accidents such as overcrowding or poverty. This approach allows the ranking of different communities by risk. Motor vehicle accident ratios have been calculated, and these are sufficiently specific, by age and sex, to enable comparisons to be made in future with other communities. PMID- 711979 TI - The effects of immunisation upon the natural history of pertussis. A family study in the Cardiff area. AB - During an outbreak of pertussis in the Cardiff area in 1974, 229 children with the disease were studied to assess the effect of immunisation upon its natural history and severity. The typical clinical features of pertussis, such as paroxysmal cough, whooping, vomiting, cyanosis, and irregular breathing, were less prevalent in both the immunised and the older children. Immunisation is the main factor in protecting against complications such as fits; and, together with older age, it protects against hospitalisation. Nevertheless, pertussis today can be just as severe as it was 40 years ago, and the vaccine remains the major factor ameliorating its natural history. The immunisation programme needs more active support by all child health workers. PMID- 711980 TI - Health service 'input' and mortality 'output' in developed countries. AB - The relationship between age-specific mortality rates and some indices of health facilities and some environmental and dietary factors has been studied in 18 developed couuntries. The indices of health care are not negatively associated with mortality, and there is a marked positive association between the prevalence of doctors and mortality in the younger age groups. No explanation of this doctor anomaly has so far been found. Gross national product per head is the principal variable which shows a consistently strong negative association with mortality. PMID- 711981 TI - The application of a Poisson model to the annual distribution of daily mortality at six Montreal hospitals. AB - The daily distributions of annual mortality for varying numbers of years between 1965 and 1975 were investigated in three geriatric hospitals and three general hospitals in the Montreal area. Nearly all the observed mortality distributions were found to mimic the classical Poisson distribution, with little departure. In two of the larger hospitals, the matching of the daily mortality distributions with their Poisson models met stringent statistical criteria. In one of them it was even possible to predict the expected mortality frequencies merely from a knowledge of the annual totals. The remaining four hospitals, which included the three geriatric institutions, also exhibited mortalities regarded as highly suggestive of Poisson distributions, although in one of the geriatric hospitals the mortality distribution tended to be somewhat erratic in this respect. PMID- 711982 TI - Social support of patients attending a geriatric day hospital. AB - A longitudinal survey of the social support of patients attending one geriatric day hospital confirmed an impression that support was not being adjusted to meet the changing degrees of dependency among the patients. An experimental study, in which the social support available to a small group of consecutive new admissions was reduced, showed that their dependency scores were not significantly different from those of a control group which continued to receive support. The significance of this finding in reducing the cost of day hospital care is discussed. PMID- 711983 TI - Smoking in hospital: a survey of attitudes of staff, patients, and visitors. AB - A survey was carried out on attitudes to smoking in hospital. Analysis of 411 interviews showed that the majority (64%) of those questioned approved of some restrictions on patients smoking in the wards. Eighteen per cent would have liked to see a complete ban on smoking, while an identical number favoured no restrictions at all. Smoking habit influenced response; only 8% of smokers, compared with 25% of non-smokers, would have liked to see a total ban on smoking. Attitudes to smoking varied according to the status of the persons interviewed; only 6% of visitors and 7% of nurses approved of a complete ban on smoking, compared with 32% of medical students and 27% of doctors. The results suggest that the introduction of smoking and non-smoking areas in hospital wards would be approved by the majority of patients, staff, and visitors. PMID- 711984 TI - [Scientific basis for hygienic claims about pesticides]. PMID- 711985 TI - [Complex formation reaction between heparin and fibrinogen in normal subjects and in disease]. PMID- 711986 TI - [Mechanism of action of factor XIII on the structure of fibrin in normal subjects and in disease]. PMID- 711987 TI - [DNA-polymerase activity of the nuclei of lymphocytes from the lymph of normal cattle and cattle with lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 711988 TI - [Antibacterial effect of several combinations of pesticides on pure cultures of microorganisms]. PMID- 711989 TI - Binaural summation of the loudness of pure tones. AB - Subjects made magnitude estimations of the loudness of pure tones (100, 400, and 1000 Hz), which were presented at equal and unequal sound pressure levels to the two ears. The results were consistent with a model of linear binaural loudness summation: The estimates of loudness approximated the linear sum of the loudness estimates of the individual left-ear and right-ear components. The relation between loudness and sound pressure, over moderate SPLs, can be described by a power function with an exponent of about 0.6 at 400 and 1000 Hz, 0.75 at 100 Hz. PMID- 711990 TI - Frequency discrimination in the chinchilla. AB - Chinchillas were trained with shock-avoidance procedures to discriminate or detect pure-tone frequency differences. Inital attempts at determining frequency difference thresholds utilized a complex discrimination paradigm and a go-no-go response. Although discriminations of large frequency differences were obtained from chinchillas after considerable training, discriminations of small frequency differences could not be trained. Therefore, determinations of frequency difference thresholds could not be made with the complex discrimination paradigm and the go-no-go response task. A simple detection paradigm, involving the detection of frequency alternation in an ongoing train of tone bursts proved to be a more successful technique. Frequency-alternation detection was quickly learned by six chinchillas, and frequency-difference thresholds were obtained with an adaptive sequential procedure. Psychometric functions were reconstructed from the threshold tracking data of chinchillas, and comparisons were made with differential frequency thresholds from cats and humans obtained by previous investigators. Differential frequency thresholds from chinchillas paralleled those from cats and were about twice as large. Differential frequency thresholds from humans were considerably smaller than from chinchillas, especially for low frequency tones. When a constant detectability index was used to specify differential frequency sensitiviy in chinchillas, chinchilla and human differential sensitivity functions paralleled one another. Human differential sensitivity was about ten times better than that of the chinchilla. PMID- 711991 TI - Theory of binaural interaction based in auditory-nerve data. IV. A model for subjective lateral position. AB - A model for the subjective lateral position of 500-Hz tones is presented and compared with experimental lateralization data. Previous papers in this series have explicitly described the auditory-nerve response to these stimuli and proposed a binaural displayer that interaurally compares the auditory-nerve firing times. The outputs of the displayer are postulated to represent the only information about detailed firing times that is available to the brain. In the present paper, lateral-position predictions are obtained by a central nonoptimal weighting of these outputs that depends on the interaural intensity difference of the tone. These predictions describe the results of lateralization-matching experiments more accurately and over a wider range of stimulus conditions than previous theories, except for those results which suggest that low-frequency binaural tones can generate multiple perceptual images. The predictions of our model are also consistent with the results of centering and laterality-comparison experiments. It is argued that the data discussed in this paper are generally incompatible with theories that propose a peripheral interaction of interaural timing and intensity information such as the latency hypothesis. PMID- 711992 TI - Suppression and critical bands in band-limiting experiments. AB - Band-limiting experiments were performed at three noise spectrum levels (N0 = 25, 40, and 55 dB SPL) for forward, simultaneous, and backward masking. Threshold for a 2-kHz sinusoid decreased for masker bandwidths greater than a "critical bandwidth" in nonsimultaneous masking. These results are evidence for a suppression effect not observed in simultaneous masking; however, a qualitative model of suppression can account for the results in all three types of masking. In addition, the data for simultaneous masking support Fletcher's [Rev. Mod. Phys. 12, 47--61 (1940)] rectangular filter interpretation of the band-limiting experiment and are well described by a level-dependent critical band. PMID- 711993 TI - Behavioral, compound action potential, and single unit thresholds: relationship in normal and abnormal ears. AB - Comparisons were made for two species (chinchilla and mongolian gerbil) among mean behavioral audiogram, mean just detectable action potential (AP) responses to tone bursts, and single-fiber response thresholds at the characteristic frequency, averaged in one-octave bands. In normal animals and in a group of Kayamycin-treated chinchillas, these mean measures appear to have a well-ordered relationship. Unit and AP thresholds are within 10 dB from one another throughout the frequency range. Behavioral thresholds are usually 15--20 dB more sensitive, but the three curves are roughly parallel except at the highest frequencies, where the behavioral threshold begins to increase approximately one-half octave above the physiological ones. Individual examples for four gerbils and four chinchillas having hair cell losses due to Kanamycin intoxication reinforce the notion based on mean data that in most cases AP thresholds can serve to predict the behavioral threshold configuration. PMID- 711994 TI - Presumed noise-induced permanent threshold shift resulting from exposure to an A weighted Leq of 89 dB. AB - The noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS) resultings form up to ten years of exposure to an average A-weighted sound level Leq of 89 dB was investigated. Prior occupational noise exposure was controlled for by eliminating subjects with previous high-noise-level jobs or uncertain exposure histories. The final population consisted of 42 males and 58 females working a steady-state broadband noise environments. No attempt was made to screen subjects for any auditory pathology. A 222-subject control group from the same geographic area as the exposed subjects was selected such that none of its constituents had any effective industrial noise exposure. Presumed NIPTS was calculated by correcting each individual audiogram of the exposed subjects according to the aging curves developed from the control population hearing levels. The results indicated a considerable male-female difference in NIPTS, even though both groups were exposed to the same Leq. Averaging the results for all 100 subjects, in order to make comparisons to other available data, yielded results in close agreement to predictions based upon the work of Burns and Robinson, Baughn. NIOSH, and Passchier--Vermeer, indicating that 10 years of exposure to a daily Leq of 89 dB causes measurable hearing loss at 4 kHz. PMID- 711995 TI - Nationwide urban noise survey. AB - Most current knowledge about community response to noise exposure is derived from studies of high-level transportation sources. A nationwide urban noise survey was undertaken to study effects associated with more moderate but far more common sorts of noise exposure. Over 2000 respondents at 24 sites in seven cities of varying noise exposure and population density were interviewed by telephone and in person about their reactions to everyday noises. A brief but comprehensive structured questionnaire was based on direct questioning about annoyance and related effects. Among the major findings of the survey were widespread annoyance and speech interference from exposure to urban noise and strong relationships between the extent of annoyance and exposure level, speech interference, and population density. PMID- 711996 TI - Disturbance of sleep by noise. AB - Young, middle-aged, and old subjects, 35 in all, were tested to determine the probability of disturbance of sleep, as judged by EEG records, by seven noises per night produced by a recording of a passing truck. There is roughly a linear relation with the A-weighted noise level. Young and old people have nearly the same response while middle-aged subjects are more sensitive by about 15 dB. This applies also to the probability of awaking. The probability of shifts in sleep to a shallower level does not appear to adapt in 24 successive nights with seven noises per night but the probability of waking drops to half value in about two weeks. Response increases with duration of the stimulus, at least over the limited range from fractions of a second to a minute. PMID- 711997 TI - Human response to house vibrations caused by sonic booms or air blasts. AB - Descriptions of the effects of sonic booms of air blasts by observers in buildings have included such statements as "noticeable vibrations" in addition to phrases such as "the house rattles," "the windows rattle," or "bric-a-brac rattles." Analysis of studies of human response to vibrations, vibration complaints in the Toronto area, special tests by Kryter at Edwards Air Force Base, and laboratory studies of human response to sonic booms show that perceived vibration is not normally a factor that contributes significantly to human response to airborne, large-amplitude impulse noise. Rather, human response is solely the result of the impulse noise itself and of audible noise due to induced radiation from vibrating surfaces. PMID- 711998 TI - Statistical estimation of percentage of overexposed workers. AB - A method is outlined for estimating, from a statistical sample of exposure times and noise levels, the percentage of noise-impacted workers who are overexposed according to the OSHA regulation. PMID- 711999 TI - Responses of the cat's collicular auditory neuron to human speech. AB - Collicular auditory neurons in cats were exposed to human speech sounds, and responses to the vowel /a/ in isolation and in connected speech were compared. The fundamental frequency coded was found to be independent of CF, response type ("on" type or slowly adapting), and directional sensitivity to frequency change. This suggests that the coding of speech sounds depends on the periodicity of the neural-response pattern. Responsiveness was generally greater to segmented vowels; it seems probable that a neuron's response adapts to and is suppressed by preceeding speech stimuli. The context in which a message is embedded may be very important for the processing of speech sounds. PMID- 712000 TI - Motor unit correlates of stress: preliminary observations. AB - Motor unit activity was measured during 20 repetitions of [aepae] and 20 repetitions of [aepae] with emphatic stress placed on the second syllable. A definite pattern of recruitment and discharge reorganization was observed during stressed productions characterized by (1) an increase in motor unit discharge rate, (2) recruitment of additional motor units, (3) a reduction in time intervals separating successively activated motor units, (4) an earlier onset of mandibular lowering for the open vowel in relation to initiation of motor unit activity, (5) fewer discharges of a given motor unit per utterance, and (6) sharply reduced variability in recruitment intervals. The shortened and highly stable latencies between motor unit events and motor unit-articulator events point to a more carefully orchestrated motor program for heavily stressed productions as a more forceful attainment of target specification is carried out. PMID- 712001 TI - Perceptibility of phonetic features in fluent speech. AB - A series of experiments examined listeners' ability to detect mispronounced words in a short story. Mispronunciations were produced by changing a single consonant segment in a word to produce a (phonologically permissible) nonsense word. The results of six different experiments showed that prestressed work-initial stop consonants are more perceptible than other consonants. For example, mispronunciations produced by changing the voicing of a word-initial stop (e.g., "boy" to "poy") were detected about 70% of the time, while changes in voicing of a word-initial fricative (e.g., "voice" to "foice") were detected about 38% of the time. Mispronunciations produced by changing the place of articulation of a prestressed word-initial stop were most detectable of all (80% to 90% detection) for three different speakers. A change in place of articulation of a word-initial stop (e.g., "baby" to "daby") was detected as often as a change in both place of articulation and voicing (e.g., "baby" to "taby"). Finally, it was found that a mispronunciation was detected about twice as often in word-initial than in word final position in one syllable words for both stops and nasals. The results suggest that listeners pay special attention to word-initial stop consonants in natural continuous speech. PMID- 712002 TI - Effects of transition length on the perception of stop consonants. AB - This study investigated the effects of lengthened transitions on the perception of stop consonants. In experiment I, three continua representing the phonetic categories [da] and [ga]containing transitions of 45, 95, or 145 ms were presented to 20 subjects for both labeling and discrimination. Results indicated that although there was a significant change in identification performance from 95 to 145 ms, the shape of the functions, and the locus and slope of the phonetic boundary did not significantly vary across transition lengths. In addition, discrimination of within-category stimulus comparisons was significantly better at the 95-ms transition length than at 45 or 145 ms. In experiment II, the availability of acoustic information was investigated further with the adaptation paradigm. Eight subjects labeled the 45-ms series before and after adaptation with 45-, 95-, and 145-ms [da] stimuli. No effect of transition length was found. These results suggest that the slope and duration of formant transitions seem to contribute minimally to the perception of place of articulation in stop consonants. PMID- 712003 TI - Indirect assessment of the contribution of subglottal air pressure and vocal-fold tension to changes of fundamental frequency in English. AB - The contributions of vocal-fold tension and of subglottal air pressure to changing fundamental frequency F0 are indirectly assessed by comparing human glottal-source data with synthetic glottal waveforms generated by the Ishizaka Flanagan two-mass model of vocal-fold vibration. In this model, synthetic male and female glottal waves may be generated with known values of subglottal air pressure and vocal-fold tension. Human glottal waves were recorded with a reflectionless tube into which ten male and female adults phonated. The subjects produced interrogative (rising F0) and declarative (falling F0) glides and trisyllabic words with primary stress on the initial, medial, or final syllable. Two types of change in the glottal wave over time are possible, depending on whether F0 is changed primarily by vocal-fold tension or by subglottal air pressure. Comparison of the natural and synthetic glottal waves indicates that (1) the rise of frequency in interrogative words is due principally to increasing vocal-fold tension, while (2) the fall of frequency in declarative words is due principally to decreasing subglottal air pressure; (3) in the polysyllabic words, the change of frequency within syllables resembles that of the declarative monosyllables and appears due primarily to changes of subglottal air pressure; and (4) the heightened f0 of the stressed syllable is due to an increase in the vocal-fold tension, typically accompanied by increased subglottal air pressure. PMID- 712004 TI - Multidimensional classification of normal voice qualities. AB - This study investigates and acoustically defines some of the perceptual parameters used to distinguish among normal male and female voices. Twenty normal speaking subjects, ten male and ten female, produced speech segments which were paired, randomized, and presented to ten listener judges. The judges rated the similarity of all combinations of voices on a seven-point scale, and these similarities were analyzed by a multidimensional analysis technique, INDSCAL. For each speaker, eight acoustical measures were obtained, and psychophysical ratings of four commonly used descriptive terms were made by ten speech pathologists. These measurements and ratings provided the interpretation of the INDSCAL solution and were also submitted to correlational analyses. The results indicate that, when distinguishing among the voices, the judges gave the greatest weight to the male versus female dimension and its acoustical correlates. The results of both the INDSCAL analysis and the correlational analyses suggest that listeners may use different perceptual strategies to classify male voices than they use to classify females ones. PMID- 712005 TI - Occurrence of glottal stops in fluent speech. AB - The use of glottal stops in continuous speech in American English has not been well studied, in spite of the common belief that they may serve as boundary markers. This paper reports the result from measurements of five speakers' readings of four stories, each arranged in both list and story form. Data were analyzed according to the difference in speakers, materials, versions, phonological situations (phoneme sequence and stress situations), grammatical conditions, and frequency of occurrence of words. Results show that higher-level factors such as speaker's reading style and difficulty of material have a strong influence than phonological and grammatical factors. PMID- 712006 TI - Theory of binaural interaction based on auditory-nerve data. III. Joint dependence on interaural time and amplitude differences in discrimination and detection. AB - This paper is primarily concerned with issues of symmetry-asymmetry in the joint dependence of binaural performance on interaural time delay and interaural amplitude ratio. The predictions of our model based on auditory-nerve data are shown to be inadequate for available data showing asymmetries in interaural time discrimination. Measured detection thresholds for a 500-Hz tone burst masked by wide-band noise are reported for nonunity amplitude ratios and both polarities of delays in order to test for asymmetries analogous to those observed in the time discrimination case. The detection results show only small asymmetries and are not inconsistent with the model. A general discussion of our model and the implications of available empirical results leads to a suggested modification of the model. We show by an example that modifications of the type we are suggesting are capable of describing the detection data and at least the gross trends of the discrimination data. PMID- 712007 TI - Threshold shifts in chinchillas exposed to octave bands of noise centered at 63 and 1000 Hz for three days(a). AB - Audiograms were obtained on eight binaural chinchillas trained on a shuttlebox avoidance procedure. Four of the animals were exposed to three successive levels of an octave band of noise centered at 63 Hz: 100 dB SPL (74 dBA), 110 dB SPL (84 dBA), and 120 dB SPL (94 dBA). The other four animals were also exposed to three successive levels of an octave band of noise centered at 1000 Hz: 75 dB SPL (75 dBA), 85 dB SPL (85 dBA), and 95 dB SPL (95 dBA). All exposure durations were 75 h. Little threshold shift (TS) resulted from the lower two exposure levels of the 63-Hz noise band. At the 120-dB exposure level, maximum TS of 43 dB occurred at 2000 Hz. Permanent threshold shifts (PTSs) of 16 dB at 2000 Hz and 11 dB at 1400 Hz were found. Exposure to the three levels of the 1000-Hz noise band produced TSs of 20, 45, and 61 dB at 1400 Hz. The 95-dB exposure level resulted in PTSs of 6 dB at 1400 Hz and 9 dB AT 2000 Hz. The major results were (1) high-frequency hearing loss to a low-frequency noise and (2) that noise bands matched within 1 dBA were not equally hazardous as dictated by damage-risk criteria. The 63-Hz noise band produced nearly twice as much PTS as the 1000-Hz noise band. PMID- 712008 TI - Timbre discrimination in musical patterns. AB - Most research on timbre perception has studied isolated tones. This study compares timbre discrimination of isolated tones with discrimination in various musical contexts, both single-voiced and multivoiced. Twelve different contexts were used (four isolated tonal comparisons, four single-voice musical patterns, and four multivoice patterns). Listerners judged whether the timbre remained the same or changed during the trial. Two possible versions of any instrumental timbre differed in the physical information used in their synthesis. Three instrumental timbres were tested in all contexts: clarinet, trumpet, and bassoon. The effects of context upon discrimination varied across instruments. The clarinet and trumpet versions were best discriminated in isolated contexts, with discrimination progressively worse in single-voice and multivoice patterns. The bassoon versions were best discriminated in the single-voice patterns, with equal discrimination in the isolated and multivoice cases. It is suggested that these results were due to pronounced physical differences observed between the spectra of the two versions of the bassoon that were not apparent between the versions of the clarinet or trumpet. PMID- 712009 TI - Model study of Zwicker's "masking period patterns". AB - Zwicker has demonstrated that the threshold for a high-frequency test-tone burst in the presence of a continuous low-frequency masking tone is a complicated function of the frequency and intensity of the masker and the phase of the masker at which the test tone is presented. "Masking period patterns" measured for these stimuli show nonlinear effects in that a high masker levels the threshold of test tone bursts reaches local maxima at two different phases of the masker. We have investigated the implications of these psychophysical data on a computational model for motion of the basilar membrane. The model consists of a nonlinear mechanical system followed by an additional stage of frequency selectivity ("second filter"). The output of the model is applied as input to a threshold level detector. With this model it is possible to reproduce the effects Zwicker observed. Masking period patterns are interpreted as a manifestation of two-tone suppression. On the basis of our computer simulation of Zwicker's psychophysical data, we make the following specific predictions concerning the nature of mechanical to neural transduction at the auditory periphery: (1) Membrane motion in one direction produces a nonlinear increase in the loss term, while membrane motion in the other direction does not. (2) The direction of membrane motion that produces increased loss is also the direction of motion that produces neural excitation. (3) There is a stage of sharpening, a "second filter," between membrane motion and the neural excitatory signal. PMID- 712010 TI - Strength of the pitches associated with ripple noise. AB - A discrimination procedure was used to measure the pitch strength of the repetition pitches associated with comb-filtered or ripple noise. Pitch strength was measured as a function of overall ripple noise level, the repetition pitch of the noise, and as a function of the center frequency of 1/3-octave bandpass filtered noise. In addition, other experiments were conducted to help determine which parameters should be used in measuring pitch strength when the discrimination procedure is employed. Pitch strength was strongest for pitches of approximately 500 Hz. The stimuli had essentially no pitch strength for pitches below 50 and above 2000 Hz. The strongest pitches were obtained when 1/3-octave filters were placed in a frequency region cented at four times the repetition pitch. Filtering at other center frequencies resulted in a large decrease in pitch strength. These results are consistent with assumptions concerning the dominant region for pitch perception of complex stimuli. The results are also discussed in terms of processing information from reflected sound sources. PMID- 712011 TI - Phase locking in monaural and binaural medullary neurons: implications for binaural phenomena. AB - The synchrony of neural impulses in response to low-frequency sinusoids is described for auditory medullary neurons. The results are summarized as follows: (1) In general, neural synchrony is found to improve with increases in intensity and frequency of stimulation for both monaural and binaural neurons when measurements are make in absolute time. (2) An analysis of our population of neurons implies that two separate mechanisms are responsible for the decrease in synchrony found in many neurons as compared to primarylike neurons with high locking ability. The two mechanisms are convergence of mistimed impulses and electrontonic changes which occur in dendrites. (3) An analysis of binaural vector strength data provides an explanation for physiological differences between cyclic and noncyclic vector strengths as a function of interaural time and reveals the effects of mistimed convergence upon neural synchrony.(4) In contrast to the inferior colliculus, where the neurons discharge best with contralateral leads in time, superior olivary neurons exhibited no such preference. Some discharge best to ipsilateral while others to contralateral leads. This comparison reveals a striking difference in the coding characteristics of medullary and inferior colliculus neurons. (5) Finally, the results are compared with the psychophysically determined difference limens. PMID- 712012 TI - Low-frequency neural and cochlear-microphonic tuning curves in the gerbil. AB - Average tuning curves of single auditory-nerve fibers are compared with average cochlear-microphonic (CM) tuning curves corrected for electrical filtering of the cochlea. Both the neural and CM data were obtained from Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with the same acoustic system and similar corrections for middle-ear effects. Under these conditions the CM tuning in the second and third cochlear turns is similar to the tuning of fibers whose characteristic frequencies (CFs) correspond to the CM best frequencies (2.5 and 0.5 dHz). Thus, little sharpening seems to take place for low CF fibers. CM tuning at the most apical electrode position is sharper than expected for frequencies below the best frequency--a result that may be due to the shunting effect of the helicotrema at low frequencies- Previous modeling results have confirmed that apical basilar membrane tuning may be appreciable affected by the mechanical impedance of the helicotrema. This helicotrema effect may account for the nearly symmetrical shapes of neural tuning curves of low-CF fibers. PMID- 712013 TI - A new approach to the guinea pig auditory nerve. AB - A new approach to the guinea pig auditory nerve is presented. This approach, which has several advantages over previous methods, enables stable recordings from primary nerve fibers to be make. Entry to the auditory nerve is through the modiolus via scala tympani of the basal turn of the cochlea. PMID- 712014 TI - Intensity perception. IX. Effect of a fixed standard on resolution in identification. AB - This note reports some measurements of the changes in identification performance that result form presenting a fixed standard before each trial. These measurements indicate that the presence of the standard improves performance for test stimuli in the vicinity of the standard, except when the standard is near the extremes of the stimulus range. PMID- 712015 TI - Two determinants of localization acuity in the horizontal plane. AB - An attempt was made to extend the auditory localization model of Searle, Braida, Davis, and Colburn [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 1164-1175 (1976)] to regions beyond the fontal horizontal plane. On the basis of two experiments, it appears that the assumption of acuity independent of angle is not valid for these more extensive regions, although the distribution of error magnitude can be accounted for by a span-specific unitary acuity. However, the assertion by the same authors that acuity is partially determined by the angular size of the speaker span was substantiated by direct experimental test. The results confirm the initial suggestion of Searle et al. that a complete account of the sound localization process must include both span and angular dependencies of acuity, and indicate average error to be a promising measurement technique in resolving this particular problem. PMID- 712016 TI - Ultrasound velocity in major bovine blood vessel walls. AB - Data on ultrasound velocity, compressibility. and specific acoustic impedance in bovine aorta, pulmonary artery, vena cava, and myocardium are reported and analyzed based on amounts of structural proteins present in these tissues. PMID- 712017 TI - Chronic bronchitis versus asthma--or what's in a name? PMID- 712018 TI - Chronic bronchitis and asthma--poor terms for two common diseases. PMID- 712019 TI - A three- to five-year follow-up of the use of the aerosol steroid, beclomethasone dipropionate, in childhood asthma. AB - Nineteen asthmatic children treated with the aerosol steroid, beclomethasone dipropionate, were followed 3 to 5 yr. Good control was maintained in all but one child throughout, although 73% have needed 1 or 2 wk of supplementary oral steroids per year for exacerbations. Growth has been along the percentile on which the child entered the study. No serious side effects have been encountered among 41 children treated between 1 and 5 yr with beclomethasone dipropionate. Seventeen percent needed prolonged alternate-day oral steroids, although all but one child did eventually return to good control with beclomethasone dipropionate. PMID- 712020 TI - The effects of acute corticosteroid therapy for asthma on serum immunoglobulin levels. AB - Immunoglobulin levels were followed in 21 nonsteroid-dependent asthmatics who required corticosteroids for an exacerbation of asthma. Twenty subjects who did not receive corticosteroids were used as controls. Baseline IgM and IgE levels were significantly higher in the corticosteroid-treated group. A fall in IgG level, maximal at 2 to 4 wk, was observed in the corticosteroid group, but not in control patients. Similarly, a significant fall in IgA was observed only in the corticosteroid group, maximal at 6 to 8 wk. There was no significant change in IgM levels in either group. Total IgE levels increased dramatically 1 wk after institution of corticosteroids. This was followed by a decrease to baseline or below at 6 to 8 wk. Changes in specific IgE antibody titers as measured by RAST technique revealed similar changes to those seen with total IgE. The results of the study indicate that asthma therapy with short-term corticosteroids can be associated with prolonged depressions of serum IgG, IgA levels and transient elevations of IgE levels, without apparent alterations of IgM levels. PMID- 712021 TI - Pathology of centenarians. III. Osseous system, malignant lesions, and causes of death. AB - This third autopsy study of 23 centenarians (7 men and 16 women) included the pathologic examination of bone, the detection of malignant neoplasms, and the determination of the main and contributory causes of death. (Previous studies concerned the lungs and the cardiovascular, urogenital and digestive systems). The vertebral bone specimens showed definite osteoporosis in 14 of the 23 subjects. In some cases it was associated with kyphosis or scoliosis of the spine or a history of femoral fracture. Eight malignant neoplasms were observed in six patients. Prostatic cancers were found in three of the seven men. All the cancers were well differentiated structurally. Four latent cancers were detected at autopsy. Most of these centenarians died of bronchopneumonia or myocardial fibrosis. Death from a malignant neoplasm was uncommon, and usually the cancer was only a contributory cause. The importance of atherosclerosis prevention is stressed by the fact that atherosclerosis was the basic cause of the cardiovascular lesions that constituted a main cause of death. PMID- 712022 TI - Relative genealogic incidence of certain "civilization diseases" in a geriatric population versus pregeriatric groups. AB - In a prevalence epidemiologic study conducted in a characteristic submontane area in North Bohemia, the genealogic incidence of myocardial infarction, sudden brain vascular episodes, and malignant tumors was studied in a representative sample of persons aged 70 to 105 years. The incidence was then compared with that in two other samples: 1) men under age 40 with a history of transmural myocardial infarction, and 2) both men and women aged 40--60 who had a stroke. The statistical evaluation was performed according to accepted international criteria (WHO). A significantly lower genealogic incidence of myocardial infarction and sudden brain vascular episodes was found in the geriatric subjects (70--105 years old) who had symptoms of so-called physiologic aging, as compared with the incidence in the younger subjects who had symptoms of so-called pathologic aging. The difference was less clear-cut with respect to the genealogic incidence of malignant tumors. PMID- 712023 TI - Age-dependent disposition of amobarbital: analog computer evaluation. AB - Previously published observations on 4-hour and 24-hour amobarbital blood levels in two groups of subjects (ages 20--40 and over-65) were analyzed with use of an analog computer and literature data for the rate constants of absorption, distribution and metabolism. It was found that the volume of distribution did not change with age, and the increase in biologic half-life from 22.8 hours in the young subjects to 86.62 in the elderly subjects was due to a decreased rate of metabolism. When the one-point method is used, the size of the nightly dose of amobarbital should be reduced in elderly subjects from 200 mg to 50 mg in order to maintain the same steady-state blood levels found in younger subjects. PMID- 712024 TI - Leisure satisfaction and psychologic well-being in old age: effects of health and income. AB - From a study (probability sampling methods) of the response of 74 older adults residing in a high-rise pbulic housing complex, it was concluded that the association between leisure satisfaction and psychologic well-being is substantial and seems relatively unaffected by self-rated levels of health and income. PMID- 712025 TI - The black aged: a strategy for future mental health services. AB - The younger generation of today will become the elderly of tomorrow. The qualitative differences in life experiences of blacks versus whites lead to differences in the manifestations of emotional problems. Thus the need for a special psychiatric strategy for aged blacks in the future. The problems of blacks, regardless of age, are inextricably linked with beliefs regarding illness, health and institutionalized racism. The many psychiatric ghettoes stemming from the depopulation of mental hospitals reflect poor planning and an obvious disregard for the realities of the whole life situations of elderly blacks. There should be an end to living in squalor and being the victims of muggings, rape and all forms of exploitation. Psychiatry should step forward with some careful and significant plans. PMID- 712026 TI - Hypochondriasis in an institutional geriatric population: construction of a scale (HSIG). AB - The staffs at three extended care facilities identified a group of 10 hypochondriacal patients. The research team asked these 10 patients and 59 controls, 27 questions relating to health attitudes and behaviors. Six items were found to be fairly useful in distinguishing hypochondriacal from non hypochondriacal subjects. These six items were taken as the Hypochondriasis Scale for Institutional Geriatric Patients (HSIG), and each patient scored on the basis of his responses to these six items. This test proved to be one way of distinguishing between hypochondriacal and non-hypochondriacal groups (P less than .005). However, because of the possibility of false positive results, the scale should be used only to confirm staff suspicions of hyponchondriasis and should not be used as part of the clinical intake procedure. PMID- 712027 TI - Health care of elderly must be improved. PMID- 712029 TI - A preliminary report on chondrotomies: a new surgical approach to metatarsus adductus in children. PMID- 712028 TI - Morton's neuroma: its ultrastructural anatomy and biomechanical etiology. PMID- 712030 TI - An anomalous muscle on the dorsum of the foot. PMID- 712031 TI - A review of changes of the hands and feet in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 712032 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: a case report. PMID- 712033 TI - Angioleiomyoma: a case report. PMID- 712035 TI - Closed sterile suction system. PMID- 712034 TI - Epithelial inclusion cyst of the foot: a literature review and case report. PMID- 712036 TI - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of sub microgram amounts of zearalenone (F-2) in agricultural products. AB - A highly sensitive and reliable method for the quantitation of sub-microgram quantitaties of zearalenone (F-2) residues in corn, corn oil and mixed feed is described. The isolation of this mycotoxin from a mixed solvent extract involves partitioning of the alkali soluble components from a chloroform solution, followed by acidification and extraction of organic components into chloroform, a silica gel column clean-up and analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography using a ultraviolet (UV) detector at 280 nm. The limit of detection of the instrument is shown to be 2.5 ng and that of the method is 100 ppb. The percent recoveries of zearalenone in corn is found to be 72.1 +/- 6.0 at the levels between 0.1 and 1.0 ppm, in corn oil 72.6 +/- 8.8 at levels 0.25 and 1.0 ppm and in pig starter 67.3 +/- 4.5 at 1.0 ppm level. In the case of two field samples, the reproducibility of analysis is very good and the mycotoxin contents are shown to be 11.5 +/- 0.26 and 0.61 +/- 0.07 ppm. PMID- 712037 TI - Penetration of soil dust through woven and nonwoven fabrics. AB - Several types of fabrics were laboratory-tested for their effectiveness in workers protection to pesticide-laden dust encountered in the agricultural environment. Of the applied less than 100 mesh dust, penetrations through knitted jersey and woven fabrics were greater than 87% and less than 5.8%, respectively. Treatment of woven fabrics with fluorocarbon polymers curtailed penetration by greater than 60%. Nonwoven fabrics allowed less than 0.5% dust penetration. Parathion mixed with 100-mesh sieved dust resulted in increasing "ppm" levels with decreasing particle size; extent of parathion conversion to paraoxon was independent of particle size for the sandy loam dust used. PMID- 712038 TI - Isolation and identification of 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene (CNP) in shellfish. AB - 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene (CNP), a widely used herbicide in Japan, has been identified in environmental biota for the first time. CNP was isolated from mussel collected in Tokyo bay and confirmed by GC-MS, IR and UV spectra. The level of CNP in the mussel sample was approximately 1 ppm on wet basis. PMID- 712039 TI - [Contraception before pregnancy. Evolution between 1972 and 1975 in the Rhone Alpes region (author's transl)]. AB - The studies was made from two enquiries carried out on women who delivered in June 1972 and 1975 in the Rhone-Alpes region. Contraception therefore dealt exclusively with birth control before a pregnancy. It is clear that contraception has developed significantly: it is practised by 48% of women who were questioned in 1975 as compared with 41% in 1972. There is also a change in the last method used between the two dates: the pill featured in only 17% of all the method used in 1972 and 45% in 1975: on the other hand coitus interruptus went down from 41% to 21%. The spread of the use of the pill is a generalised phenomenon whereas there are several categories of women who do not seem to have used, coitus interruptus less frequently. As far as the social classes are concerned, it is to be pointed out that only non-skilled working-class people have not changed their habits as far as these two methods are concerned. Contraception is practised with more and more success as a method of birth control: on the one hand the number of conceptions which occurred when the women was using a birth control method has gone down from 27% in 1972 to 15% in 1975: on the other hand 51% of those who used a birth control method stopped using it in order to have a baby, whereas in 1972 only 32% did so. Parallel with this evolution, one can point out that the number of women who have 2 or more children has gone down. On the other hand the number of conceptions before marriage and the rhythm of the way the families are constituted has not changed between the two dates. PMID- 712041 TI - [Sclerosing tumour of the ovarian stroma. A case history (author's transl)]. AB - An anatomo-clinical presentation of a benign sclerosing tumour of the ovarian stroma brings the number of such cases reported, as far as we can tell, in the literature to 13. Removal of this tumour from a woman of 26 years of age rapidly solved the problem of her sterility. The patient is in good health more than 6 years after the operation. From the histopathological point of view the tumour is characterised especially by a tissue arranged in intensely vasculaised lobules, which are rich in ballooned-but cells filled with lipids and followed by sclerosis. PMID- 712040 TI - [Maternal mortality at the Charles Nicolle Hospital Maternity Department in Tunis between 1972 and 1975. With the exclusion of abortions (author's transl)]. AB - The change in maternal mortality during the time of pregnancy, labour and the puerperium is similar in our department to that reported in many countries. The overall figure for maternal mortality between 1972 and 1975 is 0.54 per 1000 (54 per 100,000 deliveries. This is a halving of numbers as compared with our previous statistics. This improvement can be ascribed to several factors, which are increased in number and quality of medical and para-medical personnel, and the better environmental factors of the inhabitants of the region. On the other hand if mortality is looked at in relationship to aetiology, there has been no change in the order of the causes, which are principally haemorrhage and eclampsia. The former is avoidable in most cases by better prevention and blood replacement, which has to be fought for. The second, in spite of the drop of 50%, remains very worrying. Improvement in the prognosis for the mother depends on measures that are taken such as better equipment of maternity departments and informing and educating pregnant women. PMID- 712042 TI - [The activity of urinary cystine-aminopeptidase in normal pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Knowing that examining the levels of aminopeptidases in the serum of pregnant women can give us information about normal feto-placental function, we have tried to see if testing for these enzymes in urine of women with normal pregnancies could lead us to a more adequate and easy screening for fetal distress. With this end in view we examined the activity of urinary cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) in a group of 60 pregnant women at different stages of normal pregnancies. This activity was determined on 24 hour specimens of urine collected at different times in pregnancy and the results showed that there were variations from one week to another. As compared with activity in serum in normal pregnancies, urinary activity of this enzyme is raised in the first trimester of the pregnancy and lowered in the last trimester. The explanation of other authors about the possibility of these enzymes with high molecular weights passing into the urine is discussed. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in pregnancy, and so it can explain how CAP is excreted in the urine. But this hypothesis has still to be studied and proven. PMID- 712043 TI - [Placental blood flow measured using xenon 133 (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have developed a method of measuring placental blood flow using intravenous injection of Xenon 133, the method being derived from that described by Rekonen. The technique is reliable and without any danger. The measurements were taken in the last 4 weeks of 25 normal pregnancies and 12 where intra uterine growth was retarded. The placental blood flow is 92.02 +/- 16.34 ml s100 ml per minute in normal pregnancies at the end of which infants with a weight above or equal to the 10th percentile were born (the mean percentile was 46.69 +/ 25.36). The placental blood flow was 52.29 +/- 17.31 ml/100 ml per minute in cases with retarded intra-uterine growth where the infants were lighter than the 10th percentile (mean percentile 5.08 +/- 1.83). The difference between the two groups is highly significant (p less than 0.001). PMID- 712044 TI - [The antepartum oxytocin fetal assessment challenge test 1,827 case histories. Significance of "prepathological testing". "Results" (author's transl)]. AB - We carried out the Oxytocin Challenge Test (or OCT as American authors call it) by injecting 5 m.U. per minute into pregnant women who are suspect of having high fetal risk from the 34th week of pregnancy onwards. The material that we have examined is from 1,366 cases with 1,827 tests. The perinatal mortality over all was 13.17 per thousand of the cases. We have described three types of response: normal (87.44%), pre-pathological (7.77%) and pathological (6.78%). We have concluded that the test has a good prognostic value and point out the significance of the pre-pathological results, which we think have up till now not been accorded sufficient attention. PMID- 712045 TI - [Echographic determination of the inferior segment in at-risk premature labor. Preliminary study]. PMID- 712046 TI - [A case associating an atypical Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome, an Turner-like dysmorphia with normal karyotype (Ullrich-Nooman syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - Full description of the case is given first: an atypical Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (with absence of both fallopian tubes) is associated with Turner-like dysmorphia (including a Klippel-Feil syndrome), karyotype being normal. The Turner-like dysmorphia of the reported case perfectly fits into a syndrome described by Nora in 1974; this Ullrich-Noonan syndrome helps simplifying the classification of Turner syndromes and related syndromes: transmission is autosomal dominant in most cases. PMID- 712047 TI - [Uterine ruptures. The experience of 64 cases in Africa (author's transl)]. AB - Having seen a series of 64 ruptures of the uterus, the author has analysed the reasons for the relative frequency of this dreaded complication in Black Africa (10% or patients had Caesarean sections in the same period. Inadequate medical attention and obstetrical superivision and dehiscence of the uterus because of the still frequently practised procedure of hysterotomy through the uterine body seem to be the principal factors responsible for these ruptures, which still cause heavy mortality (fetal 93%. maternal 17%). PMID- 712048 TI - [Cervical coagulation (author's transl)]. AB - Coagulation of the cervix is one of the most frequently carried out gynaecological procedures. All the same, protagonists and antagonists produce numerous arguments about the indications for the operation, the best techniques to adopt and whether it does have any prophylactic action against cancer. The author, in this article, which reviews the arguments and counter-arguments, summarises the opinion of several specialists about this matter. The advice given seems to be very divided as far as the indications are concerned, the author himself reserving coagulation especially for those cervices from which pathological discharges emanate, after he has controlled the state by smears and colposcopy, and has considered atypical epithelia as a contra-indication to coagulation. The variety of techniques in use prove that the problem has not been resolved. To bipolar diathermy coagulation has followed cryosurgery and coagulation at 90 degrees C. Finally, the prophylactic role against cancer is discussed. Whatever the attitude taken, coagulation of the cervix does not mean that follow-up may be dispensed with. PMID- 712049 TI - Ultrastructural localization of nonheme celluar iron with ferrocyanide. AB - The Prussian blue reaction was evaluated at the ultrastructural level as a cytochemical method to identify ferric and ferrous iron in rat bone marrow and splenic macrophages. Satisfactory tissue preservation and staining were achieved after fixation for 1 hr in 3% glutaraldehyde and exposure for 30 min to Perls's ferrocyanide solution before routine osmication and embedding. The acid ferrocyanide solution formed cuboidal and irregular electron-opaque deposits which localized ferric iron in the macrophage siderosomes and hyaloplasm. When thin sections were directly stained with the acid ferrocyanide, the stain deposits were much less distinct. The size and number of cytes exhibited sparse evenly distributed stain deposits. Several cells displayed abundant precipitates on the inner surface of the plasmalemma. Prussian blue precipitates were occasionally seen in mitochondria and nuclear euchromatin. Although osmium tetroxide post-fixation improved tissue preservation, it did not enhance the density of the ferri-ferrocyanide precipitate. The ferrocyanide solution yielded cuboidal deposits also in clots impregnated with ferritin, and electron diffraction analysis confirmed the symmetrical crystal structure of these stain precipitates. Smaller irregular precipitates were formed in clots impregnated with FeCl3, or Fe2 (SO4)3 solutions, despite the equally interpreted as indicating that the iron hydroxide core or protein structure of ferritin and hemosiderin contributed to the formation of the ultrastructurally evident cuboidal precipitates, but were not necessary for the formation of a colored reaction product. The acid ferrocyanide solution failed to stain clots formed in FeCI2, CuCI2 or CuCI solutions. Staining with a ferricyanide solution identified only sparse foci of ferrous iron in some siderosomes. This study demonstrates that the Prussian blue reaction can be used ultrastructurally to localize iron cations bound to some nonheme iron binding proteins. PMID- 712050 TI - The alpha-glucan-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase reation for the identification of glycogen-depleted muscle fibers. AB - This paper decribes the use of the alpha-glucan uridine di-phosphate glucosyl transferase reaction for enhancing the contrast between glycogen depleted and non depleted muscle fibers in the periodic acid schiff (PAS) reaction. Muscle fiber glycogen was depleted by prolonged repetitive stimulation of single motor units of the extensor digitorum longus muscle from the rat. PMID- 712051 TI - A photographic technique to increase image contrast in photomicrographs. AB - The photographic technique described in this report enables investigators to emphasize image details in low contrast photographs, resulting from under exposure, poor development or low contrast subject matter. The technique is easily carried out in nearly any darkroom facility and is less costly and faster than the more sophisticated methods available today. PMID- 712052 TI - On tannin-iron method specificity. PMID- 712053 TI - Quantitative histological studies on the lateral geniculate nucleus in the cat. III. Distribution of different types of neurons in the several layers of LGN. AB - An attempt is made on the definition of proportional distribution of the different types of neurons in the layers of LGN by means of quantitative method. On the basis of nuclear volume, nuclear and cell diameters the different types of neurons were separated according to their size and shape. The ratio of relay and interneurons proved to be 2:1 in all layers of LGN of cat. The proportional distribution of further subgroups of neurons was also defined. The bilateral connections between the relay and interneurons based on initial axon collateral of TCR neurons and on axon terminals and dendritic appendages of INs, are also calculated. The interneurons--in the LGN--have widespread contacts with both types of relay neurons, similarly the relay neurons contact the interneurons. The numerical data of morphological observations are accord with the results of physiologists. PMID- 712054 TI - Treatment of multiple-malabsorption syndrome of infancy. PMID- 712055 TI - The nutritional value of home-prepared and industrially produced weaning foods. PMID- 712056 TI - Observations on juvenile diabetics in a metabolic ward. PMID- 712057 TI - Juvenile diabetes--a team approach. PMID- 712058 TI - The expanding role of the paediatric dietitian. PMID- 712059 TI - Pricing health services: verification of a monopoly pricing model for dentistry. AB - A model of monopoly with constant marginal costs is used to derive a price function for dental services. The implications of the model are tested using data on individual practitioners from a national survey. The implications of the model are met by the data, providing strong evidence of the appropriateness of the monopoly model to analyses of the market for dental services. The empirical evidence also provides substantial information on the determinants of dental fees. PMID- 712060 TI - Qa-2 and Qa-3 antigens on lymphocyte subpopulations. I. Mitogen responsiveness. AB - The effects of anti-Qa-2 plus C and anti-Qa-3 plus C on mitogen-induced proliferation were studied. Both of these antisera in the presence of C markedly reduced both Con A- and PHA-induced proliferation while having little or no effect on LPS-induced proliferation. LPS, Con A, and PHA cultures and cultures containing media alone, examined at 72 hr, contained high proportions of Qa-2+ and Qa-3+ cells. PMID- 712061 TI - Characterization of immune complexes in serum by adsorption on staphylococcal protein A: model studies and application to sera of rats bearing a gross virus induced lymphoma. PMID- 712063 TI - Regulation of alloantigen-induced cytotoxic responses by concanavalin A-activated lymphoid cells: suppression by antigen elimination. AB - Spleen cells activated by concanavalin A (Con A) and subsequently irradiated with 1500 R were able to suppress the primary in vitro cytotoxic lymphocyte (CL) response of syngeneic splenocytes to H-2 disparate targets. Similarly activated and irradiated BALB/c (H-2d) splenocytes which were cultured with C57BL/6 (H-2b) stimulators for 24 hr developed cytotoxicity for H-2b, but not H-2d, tumor cell targets. This suggested that Con A-activated cells allogeneic to the stimulator might suppress the development of cytotoxic lymphocytes by eliminating antigen early in mixed leukocytes culture. This hypothesis was supported by the observation that suppression of primary cytotoxic responses was overridden by the use of greater numbers of stimulator cells. Moreover, Con A-activated (A X B)F1 lymphocytes suppressed the response of parent A to the H-2 disparate strain C to a much greater extent than they suppressed A-anti-B responses generated in such cultures. Addition of greater numbers of F1 suppressor cells did reveal a suppressive effect not readily explicable on a cytotoxic mechanism, in that modest but significant suppression of the A-anti-B response was observed. Thus, antigen elimination is a major, but not exclusive, mechanism in the suppression of CL responses by Con A-activated cells. PMID- 712062 TI - p30-Anti-p30 immune complexes: intravascular clearance and extravascular sequestration in rats bearing Moloney sarcoma. AB - Complexes of 125I p30, a viral core polypeptide, and rat anti-p30 antibody, preformed in vitro, were injected into the heart of BN rats bearing Moloney sarcomas (MST) and of BN rats bearing an unrelated tumor or unexposed to tumor. Complexes were cleared from the circulation of MST-bearing rats more rapidly than from sera of controls and were almost completely eliminated after 30 hr. There was no relationship between rate of disappearance and size of tumor or levels of circulating complexes. Disappearance rates in rats with progressing and regressing tumors were similar. Uncomplexed labeled p30 was cleared from the circulation of tumor-bearing and control rats with kinetics similar to those of labeled complexes. Complexes were localized in the spleen of tumor-bearing and control rats, but much more in spleens of MST-bearing rats. No other tissues, including tumor, concentrated complexes, nor was there binding to peripheral blood and spleen cells. The data suggest that augmented clearance and sequestration were due to the formation of large insoluble complexes that were rapidly removed by the reticulo-endothelial system. PMID- 712064 TI - The effects of passive immunization with tumor-specific antiserum on the active immune response of mice to sublines of leukemia L1210. AB - In vivo, tumor cell killing was monitored with 131I-IUdR-labeled tumor cells and whole-body measurement of retained radioactivity. Treatment with antiserum in quantities that were not sufficient to kill the total leukemia cell inoculum (i.e., antigen excess) caused an immunopotentiation of the active immune responses; this was manifested by an accelerated rate of tumor cell killing beginning between days 10 and 11. The results obtained in vivo were confirmed by in vitro quantitation; both the cytotoxic antibody and cell-mediated immune responses were potentiated by the injection of antiserum. Immunosuppression was also observed in passively immunized mice. Whether potentiation or suppression occurred was dependent on the relative amounts of antiserum and leukemic cells injected and the innate immunogenicity (and/or antigenicity) of the leukemic cells; antibody excess and high immunogenicity favored suppression. PMID- 712065 TI - Mechanism of macrophage-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity. PMID- 712066 TI - Idiotype-specific suppression of MOPC-315 IgA secretion in vivo: reversible blockade of secretory myeloma cells by soluble mediators. PMID- 712067 TI - Natural cytotoxic cells against solid tumors in mice. I. Strain and age distribution and target cell susceptibility. PMID- 712069 TI - Role of blocking antibody in disseminated gonococcal infection. PMID- 712068 TI - Cell-mediated destruction of cells grown on artificial capillaries. AB - This investigation was designed to determine the conditions required to assess cell-mediated destruction of target L-cells grown on artificial capillaries. In control cultures that contained L-cells alone, solid nodules with a diameter of 1 mm as well as dense cellular growth could be visually observed by the 12th day of culture. Alloimmune spleen cells from both immunized and normal C57BL/10 mice were shown to be capable of destroying tritiated thymidine-labeled L-cells growing on artificial capillaries. The destruction of target cells grown as monolayers in capillary culture correlated well with monolayer cultures incubated in 16-mm plastic tissue culture wells. When target cells were grown in capillary culture for 5 days before the addition of effector cells, significant destruction by normal effector cells was not observed until the 15th day of culture whereas that mediated by immune cells was observed by the 7th day. The possible effects of cell-culturing conditions on the kinetics of cell-mediated destruction in capillary chambers are discussed. PMID- 712070 TI - Nonspecific activation of murine lymphocytes. IV. Proliferation of a distinct, late maturing lymphocyte subpopulation induced by 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 712071 TI - Specific killing of line-10 cells in vitro in the presence of normal lymphoid cells and antibodies from immune rabbits or tumor-resistant guinea pigs. PMID- 712072 TI - Suppression of growth of guinea pig line-10 hepatocarcinoma. II. Effect of passive transfer of xenogeneic and syngeneic antibodies and normal lymphoid cells. AB - Complete or partial protection against the line-10 hepatocarcinoma was conferred to a significant number of strain-2 guinea pigs by the passive transfer of antibodies reactive to antigens from line-10 cells. Immunoglobulins were administered intradermally and injected sites were subsequently challenged with line-10 cells. Immunoglobulins prepared from the sera of rabbits that had been immunized to line-10 cells and from the sera of guinea pigs that had been rendered immune to this tumor by previously described methods were more effective than immunoglobulins obtained from normal rabbit or guinea pig sera. Protection was abolished if immunoglobulins were absorbed with line-10 cells. Antitumor effects were dependent on the close contact of antibodies and tumor cells. Protection was greater if normal syngeneic peritoneal exudate cells were transferred in addition to the immunoglobulins. A possible mechanism for the antitumor effects observed is that of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. PMID- 712073 TI - Role of prostaglandin synthesis in rabbit platelet activation induced by basophil derived platelet-activating factor. PMID- 712074 TI - Plasmacytomas of the NZB mouse. AB - Plasmacytomas were readily induced in NZB mice by three i.p. inoculations with pristane (2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethylpentadecane). In comparison with comparable induction regimens in BALB/c mice a) the latent period for plasmacytoma development was significantly longer in NZB's; b) the frequency of IgA paraproteins produced by NZB tumors was much reduced and that of IgG (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3Y was significantly increased; and c) the frequency of carbohydrate-binding paraproteins was 10-fold lower. There was a high frequency of primary ascites containing more than one paraprotein, but none of 25 such tumors produced more than one immunoglobulin class on serial transplantation. PMID- 712075 TI - Membrane proteins of the P388D1 macrophage cell line: isolation of membrane polypeptides that bind to the Fc portion of aggregated IgG. AB - Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed cell surface radioiodination was employed to radiolabel membrane polypeptides of a murine macrophage cell line P388D1. Optimal conditions for radioiodination of P388D1 cells were determined and were found to differ from conditions used to label lymphoid cells. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of detergent soluble membrane polypeptides revealed that 9 to 10 molecular species from 1 X 10(5) to 0.15 X 10(5) daltons were labeled. Radioiodinated, Triton X-100 extracted P388D1 membrane polypeptides were subjected to affinity chromatography on aggregated IgG:Sepharose columns. Elution of the bound polypeptides and analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed polypeptides with an apparent molecular size of 8 X 10(4), which possess binding affinity for the Fc portion of aggregated IgG. The 8 X 10(4) dalton membrane polypeptides do not readily aggregate, are resistant to degradation, are not composed of disulfide-linked subunits, and do not appear to contain much carbohydrate. Cellular binding characteristics paralleled the binding of soluble receptor for sieved fractions of aggregated IgG suggesting that these polypeptides may be responsible for the in situ binding of aggregated IgG to P388D1 cells. PMID- 712076 TI - Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: development of macrophage cytotoxic activity requires completion of a sequence of short-lived intermediary reactions. PMID- 712077 TI - Studies on immunosuppression by cobra venom factor. II. On responses to DNP Ficoll and DNP-Polyacrylamide. AB - We have reassessed the effects of CVF administration on the humoral responses to two T-independent immunogens: DNP-Ficoll and DNP-Polyacrylamide. With high immunogen doses, little or no evidence of suppression was found. However, when the immunizing dose was reduced, suppression of both IgG and IgM responses became apparent. As indicated in a previous report, the immunosuppressive effect of CVF on T-dependent responses may result not only from C depletion but also from the generation of C cleavage products that may impair the auxiliary contribution of macrophages to the generation of these humoral responses. A similar mechanism may be applicable to the suppression of antibody production to DNP-Ficoll and DNP-PAA in view of recent reports showing a macrophage requirement for the response to these immunogens. PMID- 712078 TI - Studies on immunosuppression by cobra venom factor. III. On early responses to sheep erythrocytes in C5-deficient mice. AB - CVF administered before immunization can profoundly depress humoral responses in C-sufficient mice. In AKR/JC5- mice given CVF before i.v. immunization with SRBC, only IgG levels were depressed, IgM titers being equivalent to those of untreated controls. The immunosuppressive effect became inapparent when the i.p. route of immunization was adopted. In DBA/2J C5- mice reduction of both IgG and IgM titers was observed irrespective of the route of immunization. The degree of suppression was, however, much more marked when mice were challenged intravenously. Essentially identical results were obtained with C5+ DBA/1J mice. These studies indicate that immunosuppression by CVF is unrelated to activation of the late C components. The significance of these findings is discussed with reference to the possibility that the generation of biologically active C fragments in conjunction with a C3 deficiency may account for immunosuppression by CVF. PMID- 712079 TI - Transplantable IgD immunoglobulin-secreting tumors in rat. AB - The LOU/C/Wsl rat inbred strain presents a high incidence of spontaneous malignant ileocecal immunocytomas or monoclonal immunoglobulin-secreting tumors. Some tumors have been transplanted in histocompatible animals over years without any change in their secretion products. Among approximately 600 different monoclonal proteins we have studied so far, we recognized six showing properties different from those of rat IgM, IgA, IgE, or IgG classes, and characteristic of the IgD class. PMID- 712080 TI - A proposal for the definition of terms related to locomotion of leukocytes and other cells. PMID- 712081 TI - Drug sensitivity of urinary pathogenic bacteria. PMID- 712082 TI - Study of the pre- and postoperative gynaecological cases with special reference to the changes in the electrolyte balance (sodium and potassium). PMID- 712083 TI - Primary amenorrhoea. (Clinical evaluation of aetiological factors). PMID- 712084 TI - Myopericarditis following chikungunya virus infection. PMID- 712085 TI - Cervical adenitis due to atypical mycobacteria. PMID- 712086 TI - Antibiotic strategy of urinary tract infections. PMID- 712087 TI - Occurrence of Oestrus ovis larvae in nasal cavity of a woman. PMID- 712088 TI - Are the anti-amoebic combinations therapeutically sound? PMID- 712089 TI - DGHS urges members of IMA to join the fight against malaria. PMID- 712090 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory diseases. PMID- 712091 TI - Experimental hydronephrosis. PMID- 712092 TI - Dietary management of diabetes. PMID- 712093 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a respiratory pathogen. PMID- 712094 TI - Tax tips. PMID- 712095 TI - Physician fees: overtaken by inflation. PMID- 712096 TI - ISMA target: insurance coverage. PMID- 712097 TI - The impaired physician: a treatable problem. PMID- 712098 TI - Practical management of diabetes for family practitioners. PMID- 712099 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 712100 TI - Infantile rickets: a report of two cases. PMID- 712101 TI - Nicotine addiction: treatment with medical hypnosis. Part 1. PMID- 712103 TI - Psychotherapy: what is it? PMID- 712102 TI - Pheochromocytoma: diagnosis and management. PMID- 712104 TI - A method for measuring desquamation and its use for assessing the effects of some common exfoliants. AB - Desquamation has been measured in the past by a counting chamber technique after corneocytes are removed from the skin surface and disaggregated in a dilute surfactant solution. However, we have found that complete corneocyte disaggregation is not always possible when these aggregates are recovered from sites where patent peeling is induced. Corneocyte counting in such instances is difficult or impossible. We have devised a method of measuring desquamation wherein the desquamating cells are determined as the total alkali-soluble protein after they are removed from the skin surface with an inert, self-hardening gel. Highly reproducible desquamation rates are obtained, characteristic of the individual subject. Using some common exfoliants, we show that pharmacologic response, observed as an increase in desquamation rate, is also an individual characteristic. PMID- 712105 TI - Effect of occlusion on Trichophyton mentagrophytes infections in guinea pigs. AB - The effect of occlusion and griseofulvin on the duration and severity of acute dermatophytosis was assessed in guinea pigs. Sixty guinea pigs given standard Trichophyton mentagrophytes infections were divided into 5 groups: (A) control, (B) intermittent wet occlusion, (C) continuous-wet occlusion, (D) griseofulvin, (E) griseofulvin-continuous-wet occlusion. Lesions were largest in the control group, smallest in the griseofulvin-continuous-occlusion group, and of intermediate area in the other groups. The degree of inflammation and alopecia was not affected by occlusion, but was markedly reduced or eliminated with griseofulvin. Healing of the lesions occurred more rapidly in the griseofulvin continuous-occlusion group than in any other group. This study suggests that either occlusion of the inoculated site or oral griseofulvin markedly reduces the expected area of the fungal lesion, and occlusion together with griseofulvin shortens the duration of the lesion. PMID- 712106 TI - Changes in incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of rat skin following cutaneous application of dibutyltin, tributyltin and 1-chloro-2:4-dinitrobenzene and the relationship of these changes to a morphological assessment of the cellular damage. PMID- 712108 TI - Suppression of sebaceous gland development in laboratory animals by 17alpha propyltestosterone. AB - Topical application of the testosterone derivative 17alpha-propylandrost-4-en 17beta-ol-3-one (Win 17665) caused a dose-related regression of the hamster flank organ and guinea pig supracaudal gland in mature male animals. Histological examination confirmed that this action of Win 17665 was on the size of the hamster sebaceous glands and was reversible on cessation of treatment. Topical application of Win 17665 also counteracted flank organ stimulation by directly applied 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione. Seminal vesicle weight was reduced after the repeated subcutaneous administration of 100 mg/kg of Win 17665 but not after repeated oral administration of 320 mg/kg or topical administration of 1 gm/kg of Win 17665. PMID- 712107 TI - Photoinactivation of cultured skin fibroblasts by sublethal doses of 8 methoxypsoralen and long wave ultraviolet light. AB - Cultured guinea pig skin fibroblasts were treated with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and UVA light. Determination of 3H-TdR-uptake as well as counting of the number of adherent cells was carried out 24 hr later. Incubation of fibroblasts with varying concentrations of 8-MOP (10(-4) to 10 microgram/ml) or 1 to 5 J/cm2 UVA alone showed no effect. When 8-MOP-photosensitization was followed by UVA a dose response was observed. This ranged over 3 orders of magnitude of the concentration of 8-MOP. Changes in irradiation energy produced a higher inhibition of 3H-TdR incorporation as compared to changes in 8-MOP concentrations. Using the same energy of UVA changes in which 3H-TdR uptake was inhibited by 50% showed no loss of plating activity. A fraction of these cells underwent DNA synthesis and division after reseeding. The results indicate that under the dose regimens currently used for the treatment of various skin disorders a proportion of the cells may become sublethally photoinactivated to undergo division. When reseeded these cells still are able to perform cellular functions such as spreading and attachment. PMID- 712109 TI - Ultrastructural study of the nuclei in premitotic and repair DNA synthesis following UVB injury. AB - Ultrastructural changes in nuclei synthesizing DNA were studied by cytochemical technique. Guninea pigs ears were UVB irradiated and TdR-H3 was injected intradermally into the irradiated sites 1 hr before biopsy. Areas of the epidermis containing more than 80% of cells in DNA (repair or premitotic) synthesis identified by light microscopic autoradiography were selected and cut at 600 A. The glycolmethacrylate sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and consecutive sections were incubated with 0.01% pronase and 0.5% RNase before staining in order to observe DNA. In cells undergoing DNA repair, the zone of DNA became discontinuous and DNA was scattered throughout the entire karyoplasm as small aggregates and fine filaments. Nuclei in S-phase showed essentially the same change, but quantitatively the disappearance of DNA from the nuclear membrane and distribution in the karyoplasm became much greater. These changes were not seen in specimens treated without cytochemical technique. PMID- 712110 TI - Elimination of genital vibriosis in female cattle by systemic immunization with killed cells or cell-free extracts of Campylobacter fetus. PMID- 712111 TI - A controlled investigation of the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and tobramycin in obese subjects. AB - For determination of the best basis on which to calculate dosages of gentamicin or tobramycin to be administered to obese patients, the pharmacokinetics of these drugs were studied in 13 obese subjects and 13 subjects of a normal weight following intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg. Half-lives, elimination constants, and absolute and relative volumes of distribution were calculated. Concentrations of drug in serum were significantly higher and relative volumes of distribution were significantly lower in obese subjects as compared with controls. However, relative volumes of distribution based on lean body mass of obese subjects were significantly greater than those of normal-weight subjects. These results indicate that gentamicin and tobramycin are distributed less to adipose tissue than to other tissues, but partial distribution to adipose tissue does occur. The mean relative volume of distribution in obese subjects closely approximated that in normal subjects when normalized body mass plus 40% of the adipose mass was used as the total weight in obese subjects. PMID- 712112 TI - Duration of hospitalization for acute bacterial empyema at Boston City Hospital during 12 selected years from 1935 to 1972. AB - The duration of hospitalization for acute bacterial empyema of the pleura was determined for all cases at Boston City Hospital during 12 selected years between 1935 and 1972. Patients whose infection was acquired after admission stayed in the hospital longer than those in whom the empyema, or the infection of which the empyema was a complication, was present at the time of admission. The differences were mostly related to serious underlying disease in the hospital-acquired cases. However, the duration of hospitalization after the empyema was bacteriologically confirmed was not much different in the community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases. Hospital stay was further prolonged in patients whose empyema was superinfected with new bacterial species after the original infecting organisms were determined. Hospitalization was shorter in the 10 selected years between 1974 and 1972, when penicillin and other active antibiotics were used, than in two years before penicillin became available, 1935 and 1941. PMID- 712113 TI - Comparative nephrotoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics in rats. AB - Netilmicin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and sisomicin were given daily for 15 days to groups of rats at three dosage levels corresponding to 10, 15, or 25 times the dose recommended for humans on a weight basis. Decreased urinary osmolality and increased urinary excretion of protein and beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase were dose-related features of nephrotoxicity. Decreased tubular resorption of glucose and phosphate were observed with the most toxic regimens after extensive renal damage had occurred. All aminoglycosides accumulated in renal tissue; however, the concentration of drug in the renal cortex at the time the rats were killed was not useful for the prediction of renal impairment. Streptomycin and netilmicin exhibited a flat dose-reponse curve with respect to histological damage, as compared with the curves for the other drugs. Results of studies of creatinine clearance and examination of renal tissue suggested the following order of increasing toxicity of the treatment regimens: (1) 0.9% NaCl and uninjected controls; (2) streptomycin; (3) netilmicin; (4) tobramycin; (5) sisomicin, amikacin, and kanamycin; and (6) gentamicin. PMID- 712114 TI - Amantadine and influenza: evaluation of conflicting reports. PMID- 712115 TI - Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of whole and ether-Tween-split influenza A virus vaccines in volunteers. AB - Two separate, double-blind studies were carried out in volunteers to compare the reactogenicity of, and serum antibody responses to, whole or ether-Tween-split inactivated influenza virus vaccines. In both studies the ether-Tween-split vaccines induced a lower rate of reactions. The serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody response of volunteers to the A/Scotland/74 component of the split vaccine used in the first study was significantly greater than that following inoculation of A/Scotland/74 whole-virus vaccine. The neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI) antibody responses of the volunteers to each vaccine were similar. In the second study, a markedly better NI antibody response to the influenza A virus component was seen following immunization with split-virus vaccine, but the HAI antibody response to both split and whole vaccines was the same. In both studies the serum HAI antibody responses to the B/Hong Kong/73 component of the vaccines were similar. Challenge of the volunteers with attenuated influenza viruses homologous to the influenza A component of the vaccines showed both types of vaccines to be protective. PMID- 712116 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to liver tissue antigen and hepatitis B surface antigen after infection with hepatitis B virus in humans. AB - The in vitro correlates of cell-mediated immunity to liver tissue antigens and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were studied in groups of subjects with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and in a population of HBV seronegative controls. The technique of in vitro lymphocyte transformation (LTF) was employed in these studies. No LTF response to liver-specific antigen and HBsAg was observed in the control population. LTF activity in response to HBsAg was present in 11 of the 14 subjects with acute type B viral hepatitis during the early phase of the disease, and eight of these subjects also had LTF reactivity to liver antigen. During the convalescent phase the LTF reactivity to these antigens usually disappeared. More than 70% of patients with chronic carriage of HBsAg who had elevated levels of liver enzymes showed LTF responses to HBsAg, and a significant number of these subjects also exhibited LTF response to liver specific antigen. On the other hand, chronic HBsAg carriers who persistently showed normal liver enzyme values (asymptomatic carriers) failed to show significant responses to liver antigen or HBsAg. It is suggested that the persistence of cellular reactivity to liver antigens may lead to the establishment of chronic liver disease. PMID- 712117 TI - Antigenic drift and efficacy of influenza virus vaccines, 1976--1977. AB - A unique opportunity occurred in February 1977 to assess the efficacy of an influenza virus vaccine given to military personnel in doses of 400 chick cell agglutinating (CCA) units of A/Victoria/3/75, 400 CCA units of A/New Jersey/76, and 500 CCA units of B/Hong Kong/72 viruses. After cessation of all influenza virus vaccine administration in mid-December 1976, approximately 200 unvaccinated U.S. Air Force personnel arrived per week beginning February 1, 1977, at Lowry Air Force Base, Denver, Colorado. Arriving unvaccinated personnel were assigned to one of 12 units with previously vaccinated personnel. A sharp outbreak of influenza A occurred on the base during February that was due to an A/Texas/1/77 like virus, a variant of the A/Victoria/3/75 prototpye. Fifty-four cases of influenza A were documented in the student population on the base. During the two week peak of the outbreak, attack rates were 10-fold higher in unvaccinated than in vaccinated students, and the overall estimate of vaccine efficacy was 80%. Thus, despite animal tests suggesting considerable antigenic drift, a vaccine containing influenza A/Victoria/3/75 virus provided good protection against the variant strain. PMID- 712118 TI - Behavior of respiratory syncytial virus in piglet tracheal organ culture. AB - Piglet tracheal organ cultures were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and observed for 21 days. Light and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated destruction of the ciliated epithelial cells and the presence of viral antigens in the epithelium. Virus was shed in high titer for 12--19 days. Ciliostasis could be quantitated, and it was shown that several strains of RSV grew and damaged tracheal organ cultures in a similar fashion. A temperature sensitive mutant of RSV, ts-1, was examined at permissive (33 C) and restrictive (37 C) temperatures. This mutant, although somewhat attenuated at 37 C, was still found to cause damage to the ciliated epithelium and to replicate at both temperatures. THIS BEHAVIOR IS SIMILAR TO THAT AFTER INOCULATION OF TS-1 INTO VOLUNTEERS. This in vitro model may prove useful in the study of RSV disease and in the evaluation of candidate live virus vaccines. PMID- 712119 TI - Prediction of efficacy of antimicrobial agents in treatment of infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Although Chlamydia trachomatis is readily eradicated by systemic therapy in patients with acute urethritis, systemic therapy is less satisfactory in treatment of chronic trachoma. The activities of antimicrobial agents against C. trachomatis in cell cultures when the antimicrobial agents are added 1 hr after the C. trachomatis (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]) predicts efficacy of the drugs in the treatment of urethritis but does not necessarily predict efficacy in the treatment of chronic ocular trachoma. Concentrations of antimicrobial agents required to eradicate C. trachomatis when the agents were added 48 hr after inoculation of the cell cultures with C. trachomatis exceeded the MIC by several logarithms, and minocycline, doxycycline, and rifampin were markedly more active than tetracycline, erythromycin, or several other antimicrobial agents. Of the three most active antimicrobial agents, only doxycycline has been used systemically to treat ocular infections due to C. trachomatis, and it has been reported to be the most effective antimicrobial agent that has been utilized. In vitro testing of obligate intracellular pathogens such as C. trachomatis presents unique problems. Utilization of several methods of testing may help to identify antimicrobial agents with improved clinical efficacy, particularly in the treatment of ocular trachoma. PMID- 712120 TI - Mechanisms of maternal-fetal transmission of hepatitis B virus. AB - In a prospective study of maternal-fetal transmission of hepatitis B virus in 125 healthy mothers who were carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), preliminary results showed that the most important determinant in such transmission was the presence of hepatitis B e antigen in the mother. HBsAg was detectable by solid-phase radioimmunoassay in 33% of amniotic fluid samples, 50% of cord blood samples, 71% of breast milk samples, and 95.3% of samples of gastric contents from newborns. The presence of HBsAg in gastric aspirate from the infants immediately after birth in almost all cases suggests a universal mechanism of infection by the oral route during delivery. In light of these findings, precautions such as possible elective cesarean section, routine gastric aspiration of the newborn, avoidance of breast-feeding, etc., should be taken to avoid perinatal transmission. PMID- 712121 TI - Differences in antibodies to the surface components of mumps virus after immunization with formalin-inactivated and live vaccines. AB - Military recruits with or without antibodies to mumps virus were immunized with live or formalin-inactivated mumps virus vaccines. Antibodies to the two major surface components of the virus, the hemagglutinin and the hemolysin, were identified separately. Immunization with the live vaccine did not change the humoral immunity in individuals with detectable antibodies. In seronegative recruits immunization with the live vaccine induced an antibody response against both the hemagglutinin and the hemolysin corresponding to the quality of the immune response after natural infection. In contrast, the formalin-inactivated vaccine only induced an antibody response against the hemagglutinin. This effect was found after immunization of both seronegative and seropositive individuals. The latter displayed a selective boosting of titers of hemagglutination inhibiting antibody. These findings may have relevance for the interpretation of the short-lived immunity after the use of formalin-inactivated mumps vaccine without repeated boosting. PMID- 712122 TI - In vitro invasiveness of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from children with diarrhea. AB - The invasiveness of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from the feces of children with diarrhea was assayed in cultured human epithelial (HEp-2) cells. Twenty-one of 24 strains were invasive under the test conditions. Infection with Y. enterocolitica was characterized clinically by exudative diarrhea in 11 cases. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were demonstrated in the feces from all three cases of exudative diarrhea studied. The results suggest a correlation between enteroinvasiveness of Y. enterocolitica, presence of leukocytes in feces, and clinical exudative diarrhea. PMID- 712123 TI - Identification of a swine influenza virus (Hsw1N1) isolated from a duck in Hong Kong. AB - An influenza A virus isolated from a duck during a recent surveillance study on commercial poultry from the People's Republic of China and the New Territories, Hong Kong, was shown to possess Hswl antigens related to that of the swine (Hsw1N1) influenza virus. The isolation of an Hsw1N1 influenza virus from ducks indicates that avian species, as well as pigs, may serve as a reservoir of this potential pathogen for humans. The virus was avirulent for ducks, turkeys, chickens, and pigs. PMID- 712124 TI - Chloramphenicol: an impatient study of use and abuse. AB - During a six-month period, chloramphenicol was administered systemically to 100 patients and topically to 24 patients who were admitted to the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. Seventy-nine percent of the patients receiving the drug systemically were on surgical services, 13% were on the pediatric service, and 8% were on the medical service. In this group, chloramphenicol was administered appropriately in 60.4% of cases as follows: 57.5% on the surgical, 50% on the medical, and 84.6% on the pediatric services. In 19 of 35 instances of inappropriate use on the surgical services, a potentially less toxic antibiotic could have been chosen. Eight cases were treated inappropriately because of dosage errors, and in seven cases no antibiotic should have been used. On the medical services all inappropriate use was due to underdosage, and on the pediatric service there was one case of incorrect dosage and one instance in which a less toxic antibiotic could have been chosen. Ophthalmological use of the drug accounted for all topical use. Of 24 patients treated, 21 received the drug for prophylaxis and three for therapy. PMID- 712125 TI - Community-wide surveillance of influenza after outbreaks due to H3N2 (A/Victoria/75 and A/Texas/77) and H1N1 (A/USSR/77) influenza viruses, Mercer County, New Jersey, 1978. PMID- 712126 TI - Transport of the high risk neonate: who, when, and how. PMID- 712127 TI - [Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva--report of collective operative cases in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 712128 TI - [Mode of lymphatic metastasis in the esophageal cancer using VX2 carcinoma in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 712129 TI - [Effect of hypothermic circulatory arrest on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 712130 TI - [Red cell. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and blood-O2 affinity during cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 712131 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on the hemodynamics during sequential atrioventricular pacing in normal and injured hearts (author's transl)]. PMID- 712132 TI - [Reconstructive methods of congenital mitral regurgitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 712133 TI - [Blood coagulation after prosthetic heart valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 712134 TI - [Pre- and postoperative comparison and estimation on left ventricular function of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 712135 TI - [A study of postoperative arrhythmias following surgery for ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 712136 TI - [Delayed cardiac tamponade--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 712137 TI - [An operative case of primary chylopericardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 712138 TI - [Current clinical data concerning tracheobronchoplasty in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 712139 TI - [Studies on electrolytes in cerebrospinal fluid under extracorporeal circulation- with special reference to an approach from the aspect of brain metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 712140 TI - [A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea treated by the circumferentio segmental resection of the trachea (author's transl)]. PMID- 712141 TI - [Primary mediastinal liposarcoma: report of a surgical case with reference to its clinical and therapeutical features (author's transl)]. PMID- 712142 TI - [Studies on changes of pulmonary function following thoracoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 712143 TI - [Lung protection during extracorporeal circulation--selective pulmonary arterial perfusion with cold saline (author's transl)]. PMID- 712144 TI - [Problems relating to corrective surgery for Fallot's tetralogy from operation age (author's transl)]. PMID- 712146 TI - [Myocardial protection of topical cardiac hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 712145 TI - [Changes in serum enzyme levels after cardiac surgery for children--comparison of profound hypothermia with limited cardiopulmonary bypass and simple profound hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 712147 TI - [Metabolic alterations in open heart surgery under profound hypothermia combined with extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 712148 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on membrane oxygenators (author's transl)]. PMID- 712149 TI - [Experiences of pacemaker implantation in the patients more than 80 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 712150 TI - [Successful surgical procedure for idiopathic chylothorax (author's transl)]. PMID- 712151 TI - [A case report of P-synchronized pacemaker implantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 712152 TI - [Results of the treatment of thymoma; clinico-pathological study on 43 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 712153 TI - [Echocardiographic studies on malfunction of the Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 712154 TI - [Valvulo-septal plasty for repair of complete form of endocardial cushion defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 712155 TI - [Experimental study of myocardial preservation in open heart surgery--electron microscopic observation of the canine myocardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 712156 TI - [Diagnosis and operation of aberrant subclavian artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 712157 TI - [Vasoactive substances released from the lungs in acute pulmonary edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 712158 TI - [A comparative study with surgical division and plug closure for patent ductus arteriosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 712159 TI - [A case report of one stage operation of aortic arch aneurysm with aortic insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 712160 TI - [Removal of a giant leiomyoma of the vein propagating into the inferior vena cava, right atrium and right ventricle which led to tricuspid stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 712161 TI - [Successful surgical treatment of congenital mitral stenosis with ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 712163 TI - [A simple and convenient device for chromatographic column (author's transl)]. PMID- 712162 TI - [Post infarction pseudoventricular aneurysm, a report of successful surgical case and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 712164 TI - [omega-oxidation of fatty acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 712165 TI - [Home-made apparatus for high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 712166 TI - [Clinical significance of changes of complement-system in malignant diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 712167 TI - [Pathologic and immunologic analysis for a case with carcinoma of aberrant breast of the axilla showed "abscopal effect" after the radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 712169 TI - [Physicians and epidemiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 712168 TI - [Enzymology in clinical medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 712170 TI - [Demonstration of dual AV nodal pathways in 8 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 712171 TI - [Glomerular lesions associated with liver diseases--immunohistology and role of hepatitis B surface antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 712172 TI - [Plasma renin activity in essential hypertension with respect to aging, hypertension severity and furosemide test (author's transl)]. PMID- 712173 TI - [Polymyositis syndrome, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation probably caused by ampicillin hypersensitivity (author's transl)]. PMID- 712174 TI - [Primary thrombocythemia associated with erythromelalgia, with a special reference to the mechanism of pain: report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 712175 TI - [Current status of research and development on artificial organs (author's transl)]. PMID- 712176 TI - [Abnormality of sex hormone and pituitary-gonadal axis in liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 712177 TI - [Study on left ventricular diastolic properties of human heart by a combined method of echocardiography and catheter-tip manometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 712178 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in multiple myeloma associated with skin amyloidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 712179 TI - [A case of liver cirrhosis associated with diabetes mellitus, Cruveilhier Baumgarten syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 712180 TI - The impaired physician program of the Kansas Medical Society. PMID- 712181 TI - Some considerations. Depression and the healing process. PMID- 712182 TI - The alcoholic physician. An overview. PMID- 712183 TI - The MD.eity. Some personality vulnerabilities of physicians. PMID- 712184 TI - Disease processes. Chemical addiction is too a disease. PMID- 712185 TI - Hyperuricemia and gout: eminently treatable disorders. PMID- 712186 TI - Disadvantages of incorporating. PMID- 712187 TI - Involuntary practice closing. PMID- 712188 TI - The "cure" of an inherited disease. PMID- 712189 TI - Remissions induced in hereditary angioneurotic edema with an attenuated androgen (danazol): correlation between concentrations of C1-inhibitor and the forth and second components of complement. AB - Serum concentrations of antigenic and functional C1-INH increased in patients in whom remissions from attacks of HANE were induced with danazol. The levels of C4 were directly related to serum concentrations of C1-INH antigens up to a concentration of about half the C1-INH found in normal plasma; at this point, the C4 concentrations were in the normal range and no longer correlated well with C1 INH concentration. Serum C2 levels correlated less well with C1-INH concentration. In normal serum there was a poor correlation between C1-INH, C4, and C2 levels, suggesting that C1-INH is normally present in excess of the amount needed for normal C4 levels. The increments in serum C1-INH were related to the dose of danazol. PMID- 712190 TI - Correlation of splenomegaly and abnormal neutrophil pooling (margination). PMID- 712191 TI - Modification of experimental renal hypertension in the rat by indomethacin and hydralazine. AB - The effects of pretreatment with l, H, and a combination, Hl, were assessed in rats made hypertensive by LRA. SBP, PRA, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion were measured 7 days and 1 day before LRA and 2 and 7 days after LRA on a fixed sodium diet. SBP increased 2 days after LRA in C rats, l- and Hl-treated rats but not in H-treated rats. The elevation of SBP was higher in the l group than in the C group. Hl showed a greater increase than H but less than C. PRA levels did not correlate with changes in SBP. PRA first increased 7 days after LRA. A highly significant decrease in sodium and potassium excretion was observed 7 days after LRA in C and l-treated rats. The data suggest that hydralazine may control blood pressure in this model by preventing sodium retention or, alternatively, that it may reduce blood pressure by direct peripheral vasodilation. Since natriuresis and vasodilation are two well-known effects of PGs, the results are compatible with the possibility that l exerted its noxious effect by inhibiting the synthesis of these compounds. It is also suggested by these studies that the renin angiotensin system does not play a central role in the acceleration of hypertension after l administration. PMID- 712192 TI - Rheumatoid factor interference with the latex agglutination test for fibrin degradation products. AB - The latex agglutination test for FDP is widely employed clinically to aid in the diagnosis of DIC and other conditions. Of sera containing RF, 93% demonstrated positive FDP latex agglutination tests. Reducing agents in all instances destroyed the RF agglutinating capability. Futhermore, 86% of sera positive for FDP and RF became FDP-negative following reduction. Therefore RF was responsible for false-positive FDP latex agglutination tests in the majority of patients. Reduction of patient sera is a rapid, simple method to distinguish a positive FDP test from a false-positive due to RF. PMID- 712193 TI - Effects of iron on the absorption and retention of lead. AB - An inverse relationship between lead retention and dietary iron content has been suspected for many years, but the reasons for this association remained unknown. In rats, the state of body iron repletion had significant effects on the absorption of lead but no effect on lead excretion. Intraluminal iron decreased the absorption of test doses of lead from the small intestine in a dose-related manner. We postulated that this occurred because the two metals competed for similar binding sites on intestinal mucosal proteins which were important in the absorptive process. In vivo, both lead and iron bound to two heat-stable intestinal mucosal fractions, particularly the higher-molecular-weight fraction. Addition of iron to test doses of lead markedly diminished the amount of lead bound by the high-molecular-weight fraction. Further investigation revealed that this fraction, with a molecular weight of approximately 370,000, bound both lead and iron. Shared binding sites on this protein may explain why dietary iron decreased lead absorption and iron deficiency increased it. PMID- 712194 TI - The effect of chronic uremia on fatty acid metabolism in the heart. PMID- 712195 TI - Migration of leukocytes to human nasal mucosa. AB - In order to perform their antimicrobial function PMN must be able to migrate from capillaries to tissues and mucusal surfaces. We found that cellophane squares placed against the nasal septum can stimulate a local cellular response resulting in the migration of granulocytes to the surface of the squares. Upon removal of the squares, adherent cells can be stained, identified, and quantitated. Studies in which the cellophane squares are left against the septum for 5 min reveal a dense monolayer of granulocytes (greater than 6 per 70 micrometer2) on only 7% +/ 2 of the surface of the square. After 2 hr against the nasal septum, a dense monolayer of granulocytes was found on 87% +/- 10 of the surface of the cellophane square. This technique provides a simple and noninvasive method for in vivo measurement of leukocyte migration. PMID- 712196 TI - Temporal relationships between urinary salt retention and altered systemic hemodynamics in dogs with experimental cirrhosis. AB - In the present study, we undertook to examine the relationship between urinary sodium retention and systemic hemodynamics in dogs with experimental portal cirrhosis induced by the sporadic feeding of dimethylnitrosamine. Sodium handling was studied by blanace techniques; plasma volume was measured serially with Evan's blue; and CO, blood pressure, CVP, and PVR were monitored through indwelling catheters. Six dogs were studied while standing quietly in a Pavlov sling, in a serial fashion starting 4 weeks after drug administration and continuing for some 3 months thereafter, until all dogs developed cirrhosis and ascites. Urinary sodium retention commenced generally between the ninth to twelfth week following the initation of treatment, but renal perfusion remained normal. Plasma volume expansion was noted within 1 week following the onset of sodium retention. Ascites was generally detected about 2 weeks following the initiation of sodium retention. No alteration in CO or PVR could be detected until ascites was present in significant amount. At that time, CO rose and PVR fell by about 20%. ABP tended to fall during the period of observation, but this was not significant. The initiation of sodium retention in this canine model does not depend on antecedent changes in CO or PVR. PMID- 712197 TI - Papillary plasma flow in experimental pyelonephritis in rats: effect of antibiotic therapy and indomethacin. PMID- 712198 TI - Chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclears in vitro. V. Role of the nonsegmented neutrophils and of the experimental conditions in the impairment of chemotaxis observed during bacterial infections. AB - Chemotaxis of human leukocytes was studied in vitro with a microfilter having pores of 3 micrometer used as a substrate for the gradient. Under these conditions, nonsegmented neutrophils did not reach the compartment filled with the attractant, but a significant proportion of them did so when filters with larger pores were substituted. When leukocytes from infected patients were tested with the usual 3 micrometer pore filters, chemotaxis was reduced (as previously shown), but less markedly and less frequently in simultaneous experiments with larger pores. In experiments performed under agarose layers instead of filters, nonsegmented neutrophils responded normally to chemoattraction, again suggesting that their impaired migration in filter experiments was a matter of pore size. When leukocytes from infected patients were assayed under agarose, no impairment occurred; on the contrary, a slight increase in both chemotaxis and random motility was observed. It was therefore concluded that some published cases of impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in infection might be due to technical bias related to pore size. PMID- 712199 TI - Comparison of polymer, glucose, and hydrostatic pressure induced ultrafiltration in a hollow fiber dialyzer: effects on convective solute transport. AB - Ultrafiltration induced by (1) poly(sodium acrylate), (2) glucose, and (3) hydrostatic pressure was studied in a hollow fiber dialyzer. Poly(sodium acrylate) added to dialysate induced large amounts of ultrafiltration without crossing the dialyzer membrane. Sodium ions of the acrylate polymer were osmotically active but were held in dialysate by the impermeant anionic polymer. The hydrostatic pressure equivalent of osmotic pressure induced primarily by the sodium ions approximated that predicted for a completely impermeant molecule. The apparent (net) sieving coefficients for vitamin B12 observed during polymer and hydrostatic ultrafiltration studies were both significantly higher than that observed during glucose ultrafiltration but did not differ from each other. These studies suggest that sodium salts of polyanions can provide an osmotic driving force to yield large amounts of ultrafiltration in dialysis systems and yet not cross the membrane. The studies also suggest that relatively less efficient convective transport with glucose as compared to hydrostatic pressure is neither a membrane phenomenon nor a characteristic of all osmotic pressure induced ultrafiltration. Relatively low effective solute sieving appears to be associated with osmotic induced ultrafiltration with a permeant solute. Under such conditions it is proposed that molecular interaction within the membrane impairs convective transport. PMID- 712200 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis in two patients with recurrent staphylococcal skin infections and hyperimmunoglobulin E. PMID- 712202 TI - Renal biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha: dependence on extracellular potassium. AB - Since recent investigations have shown elevated urinary PGE2 and polyuria in hypokalemic animals which were reversed by PG synthesis inhibition with indomethacin, studies were undertaken to examine the effects of extracellular [K+] on renomedullary PG production in vitro. Slices of rabbit and human renal papilla were incubated in Krebs-Ringer HCO3- buffer, 95% O2-5% CO2, glucose 10 mM, HSA 4 gm/100 ml, for 30 min at 38 degrees C, with and without 1-14C-AA (10 micrometer). Measurments were made of total endogenous iPGE2 and iPGF2alpha production and radioactive AA leads to PGE2. In rabbit renal medulla values for iPGE2 (nmol/gm/30 min) were 252 +/- 20 at [K+] 0; 182 +/- 17 at [K+] 2.5 mEq/L; 163 +/- 18 at [K+] 5.5; and 129 +/- 17 [K+] 9.0 (p less than 0.005). iPGF2alpha was unaltered by changes in media potassium concentrations (6.8 +/- 0.9 nmol/gm/30 min at [K+] 0 and 6.2 +/- 0.8 at [K+] 9.0 MEq/L). In the human renal medulla iPGE2 was 9.5 +/- 1.6 nmol/gm/30 min at [K+] 0; 5.0 +/- 0.7 at [K+] 2.5 mEq/L; 5.3 +/- 0.3 at [K+] 5.5; and 4.6 +/- 1.0 at [K+] 9.0 (p less than 0.05). AA leads to PGE2 (nmol/gm/30 min) was 3.21 +/- 0.92 at [K+] 0; 2.47 +/- 0.57 at [K+] 2.5 mEq/L; 1.30 +/- 0.30 at [K+] 5.5; and 0.76 +/- 0.4 at [K+] 9.0 in rabbit medulla (P less than 0.005). It is postulated that direct stimulation of papillary PGE2 biosynthesis by low extracellular [K+] impairing the cAMP generating response to vasopressin could represent the initial event in the pathogenesis of vasopressin-resistant polyuria. PMID- 712201 TI - Carbon dioxide effects on erythropoietin and erythropoiesis. AB - The addition of carbon dioxide during a short bout (6 to 24 hr) of hypoxia suppresses the production of Ep. The effects of carbon dioxide on Ep production and erythropoiesis were determined in hypoxic rats over a 6-day period. Carbon dioxide suppressed both renal and extrarenal Ep production induced by hypoxia. However, rats exposed to a hypoxic environment with 5% CO2 became as polycythemic as rats exposed to the same hypoxia without CO2. This may result from the following. (1) A factor other than Ep is involved in stimulating erythropoiesis in these animals. (2) The large amount of Ep produced during hypoxia is in excess, and only a small amount is needed to compensate for the hypoxia by producing increased numbers of RBCs. (3) A significant degree of hemoconcentration occured, resulting in the increased number of RBCs observed. PMID- 712203 TI - Properties of fibrinogen-antigenic material on the rheumatoid synovial membrane and in the rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - Fibrin deposits on rheumatoid synovial membranes and fibrinogen-antigenic material in rheumatoid synovial fluid were found to be identical by crossed immunoelectrophoresis into immunoglobulin against fibrinogen, by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by gel filtration on Sepharose CL 6B. The material was found to be neither fibrinogen nor fibrin, but degradation products. One of the fragments was purified by preparative agarose electrophoresis, and the physicochemical properties of this fragment were found to be different from those obtained by plasmin digestion of fibrinogen or fibrin. This indicates that other proteases than plasmin are responsible for the degradation products. The material was easily degraded by plasmin to D- and E-antigenic end products, identical to those obtained by plasmin digest of fibrinogen. The solubility of the material was poor in synovial fluid compared to serum and buffer. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the fibrinlike material on the synovial membrane represents fibrinogen degradation products from the inflamed tissue. These products are likely released into the synovial fluid, and when their concentration here exceeds their solubility, they precipitate on the synovial membrane. PMID- 712204 TI - Effects of acute and chronic splenectomy on experimental acute renal tubular lesions. AB - The first half of this study describes the effects of acute splenectomy on epinephrine-induced ATL in the dog. Renal morphology and hematocrit were compared in 12 dogs without splenectomy (group I), six dogs with antecedent splenectomy (group II), and seven dogs with antecedent splenectomy after splenic contraction was induced by topical application of epinephrine (group III). Splenectomy was performed in groups II and III 20 to 30 min prior to epinephrine infusion; all three groups received equal infusions (4 microgram/kg/min) for 6 hr before the kidneys were harvested. ATL and renal congestion were consistently severe in group I but infrequent and less severe in groups II and III. The second half of this study describes the apparent protective effect of chronic (2-week) splenectomy on epinephrine-induced ATL. Renal morphology and hematocrits were compared in 13 intact dogs (group IV) and 10 dogs splenectomized 2 weeks before the epinephrine infusion (group V). The severity of the ATL and the degree of renal congestion were significantly less in the chronically splenectomized dogs. This chronic protection afforded by acute and chronic splenectomy observed after epinephrine infusion remains unclear. PMID- 712205 TI - Aluminum kinetics during hemodialysis. PMID- 712206 TI - Changes in the plasma fibrinolytic system during urokinase therapy: comparison of tissue culture urokinase with urinary source urokinase in patients with pulmonary embolism. PMID- 712207 TI - Potentiation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte motile functions by 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid. AB - DHB potentiates PMN phagocytosis of opsonized lipopolysaccharide-coated PO droplets by 53% to 45% and chemotaxis by 36% to 10% at 10-3M and 10-4M concentrations, respectively. The effect is reversible in vitro. In the presence of DHB, PMNs released significantly less superoxide and H2O2 to the extracellular media but were able to oxidize 1-14C-glucose normally during phagocytosis. Although iodination of opsonized particles was decreased in the presence of DHB, the PMNs were able to kill Staphylococcus aureus 502A normally. These results support the hypothesis that directed cell movement and phagocytosis can be enhanced by protecting the PMN membrane against auto-oxidative damage from scavenging superoxide and H2O2 by means of DHB. PMID- 712208 TI - Effects of glucocorticoids on osteoclast-activating factor. AB - Glucocorticoids lower the serum calcium in patients with hypercalcemia due to myeloma and related lymphoproliferative disorders. OAF is a potent bone-resorbing lymphokine which is probably responsible for the bone lesions and hypercalcemia which occur in patients with these hematological neoplasms. In this study, we have examined the effects of cortisol on the production of OAF and its biological activity in order to clarify the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in lowering the serum calcium in these disorders. The effects of OAF-containing media on bone resorption were inhibited by cortisol at concentrations from 10-5M to 10-9M. In contrast, OAF production was not inhibited by cortisol at concentrations less than 10-5M. These data support the hypothesis that glucocorticoids inhibit the effects of OAF in vivo primarily by a direct effect on bone resorption. PMID- 712209 TI - Changes in platelet function during hemodialysis. AB - Platelet function was studied in 34 patients during 74 hemodialyses by means of a Cordis-Dow hollow fiber hemodialyzer (CDAK-4) with anticoagulation by porcine mucosal heparin. The mean arterial platelet levels fell 11% from predialysis values and remained stable throughout a 5 hr hemodialysis session. After 30 min of dialysis, the platelet concentration in afferent and efferent limbs of the dialyzer were similar, although retention of leukocytes was apparent. As measured by platelet aggregometry, heparin was clearly shown to potentiate the extent of aggregation induced by low concentrations of ADP. Platelets of the dialyzer afferent limb were less aggregable than normal and resistant to aggregation induced by submaximal concentrations of ADP or epinephrine. Platelets of the dialyzer efferent limb were aggregable only after excessive stimuli of 50 micrometer ADP or 10 micrometer epinephrine. These findings suggest that direct contact between dialyzer fibers and platelets or rheological effects led to impaired platelet function but that most platelets are not irreversibly injured. PMID- 712210 TI - Comparison of the metabolism of alveolar macrophages from humans, rats, and rabbits: phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Metabolic activities of unstimulated or stimulated AMs from humans, rats, and rabbits were examined and compared in vitro. Rates of oxygen consumption, chemiluminescence, and glucose (1- or 6-14C) oxidation by unstimulated AMs from these three species increased following stimulation of the AMs by bacteria or PMA. Although the absolute metabolic responses of AMs from humans, rats, or wild rabbits were different, the metabolic activities from each species were nearly identical when compared on the basis of protein content of the cells. In contrast to the enhanced biochemical responses of AMs from humans, rats, or wild rabbits, stimulated AMs from certain commercially supplied rabbits failed to increase their metabolism. The failure of AMs from these rabbits to respond metabolically was probably due to an acquired abnormality resulting from their care and storage at the supplier. The defect was associated with the presence of large numbers of Bordetella bronchiseptica organisms in the lavage effluents from these commercially supplied rabbits. This abnormality in metabolism of AMs was reversed following prolonged residence of the rabbits in the laboratory, and the correction of the defect was accompanied by a disappearance of B. bronchiseptica from the lavage fluid. The results comprehensively compare and contrast the metabolism of AMs from humans and animals and emphasize the need to document the appropriateness of animal models before using them to predict biologic reactions of humans. PMID- 712211 TI - Excretion of porphyrins in urine and bile after the administration of delta aminolevulinic acid. AB - Excretion of porphyrins into bile and urine after intravenous injection of delta ALA was studied in three patients with catheters inserted into the bile duct because of biliary obstruction and in two healthy volunteers. Excretion of porphyrins into bile increased in response to increasing doses of delta-ALA--up to 18 mumol/kg. On the other hand, excretion into urine reached a constant rate at 2 to 4 mumol/kg delta-ALA and did not increase further with larger doses. These findings suggest that transport of porphyrins across the liver cell membrane to the blood must be an important factor in determining the rate of excretion into the urine. After administration of delta-ALA,excretion of coproporphyrin III into urine increased more than that of coproporphyrin I. As a result, the former was the predominant form of urinary coproporphyrin. When radioactive delta-ALA was administered intravenously, far greater radioactivity was recovered in urine as coproporphyrin III than as coproporphyrin I. These results indicate that only a small portion of urinary coproporphyrin I is derived from the liver. A possible source of coproporphyrin I may be erythropoietic tissues, since the amount of urinary coproporphyrin I was considerably decreased in patients with severely suppressed erythropoiesis. PMID- 712212 TI - The contribution of glucose to alanine metabolism in man. AB - We have studied by tracer technique the interconversion of the carbon skeleton of alanine with that of glucose. The data analysis is in terms of renewal theory rather than traditional compartmental analysis. This eliminates the need for estimation of compartment size, which is particularly difficult to determine in the case of alanine. In addition, the conversion rates between the two substances are found by considering the two components which are responsible for the determined radioactivity curves, namely, the first conversion of the labeled carbon and its subsequent movement in the product compound. The subjects of the study were for the most part underweight but had been hospitalized and eating a standard hospital diet for at least 3 days prior to the studies. Our data indicate that nearly twice as much carbon from glucose is cycled to alanine as is recycled from alanine back to glucose after a 14 hr overnight fast. Small amounts of glucose suppress the alanine-glucose arm of the cycle but probably do not change the glucose-alanine conversion. The contribution of glucose carbon to alanine metabolism is significant and appears to be immediately influenced by the magnitude of glycolysis. PMID- 712213 TI - Eczema (dermatitis)--classification, diagnosis, and treatment. PMID- 712214 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm in Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 712215 TI - From the files of the KMA maternal mortality study committee. PMID- 712216 TI - Speech audiometry in acoustic neuroma. AB - The importance of speech audiometry in cases of sensori-neural deafness has been stressed. Four cases have been described clearly elucidating this point. Speech audiometry is within the means of most practising otologists. The appropriate apparatus is not expensive, nor is the method excessively time-consuming. In acoustic neuroma the damage to the cochlear nerve fibres may produce very little reduction in the hearing threshold level for pure tones, but a disproportionately large reduction in the discrimination score, often when the tumour is large enough to be causing brain stem compression. The disproportion is an important indicator to the presence of retro-cochlear pathology, of which acoustic neuroma is the most likely cause, a diagnosis which must be considered in every case of unilateral sensori-neural deafness. PMID- 712217 TI - An audiological investigation of osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 712218 TI - Auditory perception of ultrasound in patients with sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. PMID- 712219 TI - Otomycosis: a survey in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. AB - The Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is characterized by a high perennial relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. One hundred and forty-eight cases clinically suspected of being otomycotic were examined by culture over a period of 13 months; 120 gave positive results and yielded 131 fungal isolates, of which 110 were single infections and 10 mixed infections of two or more fungi. A. niger was the most common (51.15%), then A. flavus (18.32%) Penicillium notatum (5.34%), C. albicans and A. terreus (each 4.58%) A. candidus (3.82%), Mucor spo (2.29%), Alternaria spo and A. clavatus (each 1.53%) and A. versicolor (0.76%). The patients were of 13 different nationalities, mostly labourers and people of low socio-economic standard. Males were affected more than females and ages ranged from 2 to 58 years. Thus racial factors, sex and age have no bearing on otomycosis. Only 8 of the 120 positive cases were affected bilaterally. The role of relative humidity and high atmospheric pressure was briefly discussed. PMID- 712220 TI - Effect of atherosclerosis and hypertension on arterial epistaxis. AB - Eye fundus examination in twenty cases of hypertensive nose bleeding was carried out to evaluate the effect of hypertension and atherosclerosis on epistaxis. Arteriolar attenuation, atherosclerosis and venous congestion were detected in most of the cases. None showed haemorrhages or exudates. Hypertension and atherosclerosis seem to maintain and increase the severity of epistaxis, once it has been initiated by other factors. PMID- 712221 TI - Geographical variation in the incidence of operations on the tonsils and adenoids. An epidemiological and sociological investigation (Part 2). PMID- 712222 TI - Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane with associated rupture of the round window membrane. PMID- 712223 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the laryngopharynx in a young girl. PMID- 712224 TI - Drug-induced corrosive injury of the oesophagus. AB - Five patients are described who had retrosternal pains following the consumption of CetiprinR tablets. The pains increased so markedly within a few days that, initially, solid foods and, subsequently liquid foods also were impossible to swallow. Typically the history was of the comsumption of a tablet in the evening or night without fluids and the pains lasted 2--3 weeks. A marked corrosive injury of the middle third of the oesophagus was shown at oesophagoscopy in each case, but the mucosa of the lower one-third of the oseophagus was normal. Gastro oesophageal reflux was not demonstrated radiologically in any of the patients. None of the patients developed a stricture of the oesophagus. The most likely alternative in the differential diagnosis was a foreign body. Oesophagoscopy should be performed on any patient in whom such pains persist for more than 4--5 days, even if the X-rays are normal. The physician should advise his patients to take tablets or capsules with fluids. This is especially important if the drug is taken in the evening or at night. CetiprinR tablets should be taken in the evening while the patient is still upright, and should be taken with fluids. If a corrosive injury does develop, we suggest that treatment should be with cortisone and with agents which protect the oesophageal mucous membranes. PMID- 712225 TI - Fibrosarcoma in the thyroid gland: recurrence treated with radiotherapy. PMID- 712226 TI - Multiple head and neck haemangiomas in the adult. A case report and review of the literature. PMID- 712227 TI - Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the maxilla: a clinicopathological study of four cases. AB - The author reports four cases of Ewing's sarcoma primarily located in the maxilla and emphasizes the rarity of such a primary location and the fact that this series contained cases observed at the Department of Otolaryngology of Padua University during the last three years which, though small, is the largest so far reported. In addition to a review of the world literature on the subject, the problems related to the differential diagnosis, in particular from reticulum cell sarcoma of bone, neuroblastoma and olfactory neuroblastoma are discussed. The cases reported are accurately described and histologically documented. Treatment of Ewing's sarcoma is also discussed and, according to the author, the elective therapeutic procedure should consider local irradiation and intermittent but prolonged systemic chemotherapy, leaving mutilating surgery only for recurrent tumours. PMID- 712228 TI - Mucocele of the paranasal sinuses in cystic fibrosis. AB - Two children below 9 years of age with mucocele and cystic fibrosis are reported. Mucocele in this age-group is very rare and is probably pathognomonic of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 712229 TI - Pharyngeal rhabdomyoma: an unusual presentation. AB - A case of pharyngeal rhabdomyoma is reported with the unusual presenting symptom of haemoptysis. After complete excision of the lesion, the(71-year-old) patient remained tumour-free until his death from heart disease 19 months later. Seven other published cases of pharyngeal rhabdomyoma are reviewed together with 27 other reported extracardiac adult rhabdomyomas which, with a single exception, occurred in the head and neck region. PMID- 712230 TI - Lipoma of the hypopharynx. A case report and a review of the literature. AB - The clinical and pathological-anatomical features of lipomas of the hypopharynx, based on a review of 23 cases presented in the literature and exemplified by a new case, are discussed. The tumour may be solitary or multiple and appears mostly in men over the age of forty. Although it may reach a considerable size, it may be asymptomatic, until it appears in the mouth or suffocation occurs. Recurrences are rare but metachronous multiple lipomas may appear. Long-term follow-up is therefore recommended. The difficulties of differential diagnosis between lipomas and well-differentiated liposarcomas are discussed. PMID- 712231 TI - An unusual foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree. PMID- 712232 TI - Massive metastatic retinoblastoma of the parotid gland. PMID- 712233 TI - MRC institute of hearing research. PMID- 712234 TI - Second primaries in cases of cancer of the larynx. AB - The incidence of second primaries in 1,600 patients treated with radiotherapy for cancer of the larynx is reviewed. Carcinoma of the lung is the most frequent second primary with a significantly higher incidence in supraglottic laryngeal cancer. Because the follow-up of this irradiated population is limited it is not yet possible to estimate the risks of radiation-induced cancer in the entire life span following radiation treatment of cancer of the larynx. PMID- 712235 TI - Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. AB - One case of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia simulating a salivary gland tumour is presented. In a review of the literature containing some 220 cases, 29 cases in the neck were found. A survey of these 29 cases is given, and another two cases of special oto-rhino-laryngologic interest are mentioned. Furthermore, a description of the tumour and a brief discussion of aetiology and differential diagnosis are given. PMID- 712236 TI - Hematogenous osteomyelitis: a report of four cases. PMID- 712237 TI - The clinical significance of myocardial rupture: a review of 189 cases of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 712238 TI - Skinny needle cholangiography in the differential diagnosis and management of jaundice. PMID- 712239 TI - Primary pneumococcal peritonitis in an adult. PMID- 712240 TI - Gallbladder malignancy at Stephens Memorial Hospital--1977. PMID- 712241 TI - Training for pediatrics: practitioners' view. PMID- 712242 TI - Plasma squalene: lipoprotein distribution and kinetic analysis. AB - Plasma squalene concentration is increased in hypertriglyceridemia. In 24 normotriglyceridemic and 12 hypertriglyceridemic subjects, whole plasma squalene correlated strongly with plasma triglyceride (r = 0.973, P < 0.001) in the latter. In normal postabsorptive plasma, squalene was found in each lipoprotein fraction, 50.8% in very low density lipoprotein, 25.6% in low density lipoprotein, and 23.6% in high density lipoprotein. When plasma triglyceride was increased by dietary intake in humans or by experimental diabetes in rats, plasma squalene increased correspondingly. Conversion of [(14)C]mevalonic acid into [(14)C]squalene and kinetic analysis of [(14)C]squalene die-away curves were studied in 17 subjects. Hypertriglyceridemia significantly increased the estimated metabolically active plasma squalene pool. This together with an increase in radioactivity of squalene (dpm/ml plasma) in hypertriglyceridemia suggested that squalene production was increased. Squalene specific activity curves in lipoprotein fractions from four chylomicronemic subjects demonstrated that each fraction had newly synthesized squalene and that total plasma squalene kinetics represent the composite of several individual die-away curves. We conclude that squalene in whole plasma and in lipoprotein fractions varies directly with triglyceride content. Hypertriglyceridemia expands the plasma pool of metabolically active squalene, and each lipoprotein fraction contains squalene that is metabolically active in cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 712243 TI - Sterol synthesis and CO2 production from mevalonate in calves. AB - Nonruminating male Holstein calves were fed a reconstituted milk containing 11.7% nonfat-dried-milk solids and 3.5% beef tallow. Calves were slaughtered at 17 weeks of age. Samples of perirenal adipose tissue, liver, muscle, small intestine, kidney cortex, and kidney medulla were assayed in vitro for sterol synthesis and production of (14)CO(2) from [2-(14)C]mevalonate. Of the tissues tested, adipose tissue and kidney medulla produced nonsaponified lipids at the greatest rates; kidney cortex and liver at half the rate of adipose tissue; muscle and jejunum at one-eighth the rate of adipose tissue; and ileum at a negligible rate. The amount of (14)C in squalene, lanosterol, and cholesterol of the nonsaponified lipids of each tissue was determined by thin-layer chromatography. Proportions of (14)C in cholesterol to (14)C in total nonsaponified lipids ranged from 30% to 59%; squalene, from 5% to 27%; and lanosterol, from 11% to 59% of the total nonsaponified lipids present. The rate of CO(2) production by the "trans-methylglutaconate shunt of mevalonate metabolism" was determined. Kidney cortex displayed the greatest shunt activity, producing 15-80-fold more CO(2) than any other tissue tested. Ileum, jejunum, skeletal muscle, and kidney medulla had similar shunt activities; liver sections had less shunt activity, and no shunt activity was detected in adipose tissue. These data reveal a shunt for mevalonate utilization that does not lead to sterols and also show that the kidney is important in the sterol and nonsterol metabolism of mevalonate. PMID- 712244 TI - Preparation of [24,25-3H] cholesterol. Oxidation in man as a measure of bile acid formation. AB - In order to devise a convenient method for measuring the rate of formation of bile acids from cholesterol in man, [24,25-3H] cholesterol was prepared by catalytic tritiation of desmosterol where the delta5-unsaturation was protected by conversion to the 3 alpha, 5 alpha-cyclosterol-6-methyl ether. It was shown that tritium in the purified labeled sterol was located exclusively in the side chain. Measurements of 3H2O and the specific activity of plasma cholesterol at timed intervals up to 96 hours after administration of the tracer to three subjects afforded values for cholesterol oxidation (equals bile acid formation) in good agreement with accepted figures for bile acid formation determined by other techniques. PMID- 712245 TI - Gangliosides of human, cat, and rabbit spinal cords and cord myelin. AB - Gangliosides were isolated from whole spinal cords and cord myelin of human, cat, and rabbit by a revised methodology. The method included the sequential application of DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, base treatment, Sephadex G-50 column chromatography, and finally Iatrobeads column chromatography. The human whole spinal cord was found to contain about one-tenth of the ganglioside concentration as in cerebral gray matter and about one-third of that in cerebral white matter. Low levels of gangliosides were also found in cat and rabbit whole cords. Only N-acetyl neuraminic acid could be detected in the ganglioside fractions of all three species. The whole cords also possessed unique ganglioside patterns when compared with the patterns of cerebral tissues. The most prominent and consistent features were the reduced concentration of Gd1a and increased amounts of Gm3 and Gd3. Human, but not cat and rabbit, spinal cord also contained Gm4 as one of the major gangliosides. Myelin prepared from the spinal cords of all three species also contained gangliosides. The amounts were only about half of those in the respective cerebral white matter myelin. The cord myelin ganglioside pattern was generally similar to the cerebral white matter myelin within the same species. Gm1 was the most abundant ganglioside in the cord myelin. Gm4 was found to be highly enriched only in myelin prepared from human sources. PMID- 712246 TI - The sources of rat biliary cholesterol and bile acid. AB - The precursor sources of bile acid and bile neutral sterol were evaluated in the rat using Triparanol to inhibit the terminal reduction in the synthesis of cholesterol. During the initial period of Triparanol administration, the accumulation of hepatic desmosterol acts to segregate relatively newly synthetic hepatic sterol from the bulk of the equilibrated sterol mass. Biliary excretion of newly synthetic sterol can then be determined in acute studies, assuming no great differences between desmosterol and cholesterol as precursors of biliary neutral sterol or bile acid. It has been determined in this model that newly synthetic sterol comprises a mean of about 28% of the total biliary neutral sterol output. This fraction fell when hepatic cholesterogenesis was suppressed by prior cholesterol feeding. By using this approach in conjunction with the administration of labeled mevalonate to a renal pedicle-ligated rat, it was possible to calculate the amount of bile acid produced from either newly synthesized sterol or the equilibrated sterol pool. It has been estimated that the bulk of bile acid synthesis arises from this equilibrated source when these determinations were made within two hours of creating the fistula. With more prolonged fistula times, more of the bile acid originated from the newly synthesized sterol. PMID- 712248 TI - The effect of dietary fat supplements on cholesterol metabolism in ruminants. AB - The serum cholesterol on ruminant animals rises when supplemental fat is fed in a form that ensures the absorption of long-chain fatty acids. The effects of these fat supplements on cholesterol metabolism have been studied in sheep and goats. The proximal part of the small intestine was the major site of sterol synthesis in sheep. Supplementing the diet with fat significantly enhanced sterolgenesis in the small intestine both in vivo and in vitro, whereas in vitro sterolgenesis appeared to be suppressed in the liver. Increased intestinal sterolgenesis was seen with several varieties of fat, but was greatest when palm oil was fed. The reciprocal findings in the intestine and liver may reflect the increased requirement for cholesterol for the transport of triglyceride in chylomicrons and the secondary inhibiting effect of this cholesterol on sterol synthesis in the liver. Dietary fat supplementation did not alter the excretion of neutral steroids in the feces of goats but did not cause a marked reduction in the excretion of acidic steroids which may have been due to the decreased formation of sterols in the liver. In two lactating goats in which an injection of [14C] cholesterol was followed by daily intraruminal administration of labeled cholesterol, fat supplementation lowered the specific radioactivity of cholesterol in alimentary particles and in milk, being consistent with an increase in intestinally synthesized cholesterol. The hypercholesterolemia that develops in fat-fed ruminants appears to be primarily due to an increased intestinal biosynthesis of cholesterol but may also be partly due to a decreased fecal excretion of bile acids. PMID- 712247 TI - Re-evaluation of lipogenesis from dietary glucose carbon in liver and carcass of mice. AB - We have estimated rates of fatty acid synthesis from glucose carbon and from all 2-carbon units in liver and carcass of mice using [U-14C] glucose and 3H2O under four different nutritional states. The liver synthesized only a small fraction (2 -9%) of the fatty acids that were formed from glucose carbon in mice that were fasted 24 hr, fasted--refed, or fed ad libitum. However, in fed-refed mice, the liver's role increased and now accounted for 40% of the fatty acids that were formed from glucose carbon. Under the latter conditions (fed-refed), the liver synthesized 50% of the fatty acids that were formed from all 2-carbon units. At least five-sixths of all the fatty acids synthesized de novo in the fed-refed mouse were derived from carbon fed in the glucose test meal. These studies, in contrast to most earlier studies, provide direct evidence in mice of the major contribution that dietary carbohydrate makes, especially in the liver, to the synthesis of fatty acids. In addition, we have shown that lipogenic inhibition (fasting) and activation (feeding) are most marked in liver and greater for glucose than for non-glucose-carbon. Possible implications for dietary control of carbohydrate-induced hyperlipemia and obesity are discussed. PMID- 712249 TI - Quantitative microanalysis of perbenzoylated neutral glycosphingolipids by high performance liquid chromatography with detection at 230 nm. AB - A method is described which permits the quantitative microanalysis of glycosphingolipids in the picomole range by HPLC of their perbenzoylated derivatives with detection at 230 nm. A linear gradient of 1 to 20% dioxane in hexane is used to elute from a Zipax column derivatives that contain up to four sugar residues. Residual absorption due to dioxane is negated by directing the solvent gradient through a pre-column, pre-injector high-pressure reference cell. This path generates a horizontal baseline with a negative and a positive deflection at the beginning and end of the gradient, respectively. Neutral glycosphingolipids can be quantitated either with N-acetyl-psychosine as internal standard or by comparison of peak areas to those of external standards. PMID- 712250 TI - Enzymatic assay for cholesterol ester hydrolase activity. AB - A rapid and accurate method is described for the assay of cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) activity. Aliquots of the enzyme-substrate incubation mixture are extracted into isopropanol. The free cholesterol concentration in each extract is determined enzymatically using a single aqueous reagent containing cholesterol oxidase and peroxidase. The free cholesterol remaining after the cholesterol ester hydrolase-catalyzed esterification is converted to delta 4-cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); peroxidase couples H2O2 with phenol and 4-amino antipyrine to yield a stable rose-colored product absorbing at 500 nm. The method is highly reproducible and the values correlate well with those obtained with the chromatographic radioassay of CEH activity. PMID- 712251 TI - Microanalysis of brain lipids: multiple two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. AB - The techniques described allow the quantitation of cholesterol, cerebrosides, sulfatides, ethanolamine phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, -serine, -inositol, and gangliosides on 500 micrograms of lipid. Lipid extraction required sonication. Separation of the lipid classes was performed on TLC glass plates (10 x 10 cm) coated with silica gel HPTLC 60 F 254 Merck using one multiple two dimensional chromatography. Most of the methods used for quantitation were standard methods that had been scaled down. The procedure was applied to study regional differences in the central nervous system, to analyze cell membranes or subcellular particles, or to analyze pathological biopsies in the central and peripheral nervous systems. PMID- 712252 TI - Re-evaluation of the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase assay for total bile acids in bile. AB - A review of the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase method for determining the concentration of total bile acids in bile is described. The optimum conditions for the assay were established with respect to pH, temperature, incubation time, amount of NAD+, and units of enzyme activity required to obtain complete oxidation of the substrate under fixed conditions. Furthermore, the effect of hydrazine hydrate, methanol, and bile volume on the reaction was examined. It was also established that the bile acid concentration in bile samples with a high molar percentage of cholesterol would be overestimated if 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were present with the 3 alpha-enzyme. PMID- 712253 TI - Thresholds and travelling waves for the geographical spread of infection. AB - A nonlinear integral equation of mixed Volterra--Fredholm type describing the spatio-temporal development of an epidemic is derived and analysed. Particular attention is paid to the hair-trigger effect and to the travelling wave problem. PMID- 712254 TI - Some principles governing selection in self-reproducing macromolecular systems. An analog of Fisher's fundamental theorem. PMID- 712255 TI - Selfing in genetic algebras. AB - The effect of self fertilization on the distribution of genetic types in a population can be represented algebraically by a linear transformation. In this paper the relationship of the transformation to the genetic algebra governing the population is investigated. In particular, the problems of multiple alleles, polyploidy and linked loci are studied. PMID- 712256 TI - Reproductive inhibition in female cactus mice (Peromyscus eremicus). PMID- 712257 TI - Psychotherapy in the clinical management of cancer. PMID- 712258 TI - Suprarenal mass: renal or adrenal? PMID- 712260 TI - Reconstruction as a part of rehabilitation. PMID- 712259 TI - Breast reconstruction following mastectomy. PMID- 712261 TI - Cardiovascular problems in the high risk neonate. PMID- 712262 TI - Teaching cost containment to medical house staff. PMID- 712263 TI - Clinical aspects of bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 712264 TI - A vascular lesion of the brain. PMID- 712265 TI - Health education seminars in Columbus are a success. PMID- 712266 TI - The use and misuse of neonatal transport service. PMID- 712267 TI - Human response to success and failure. PMID- 712268 TI - Communication is a two-way process. PMID- 712269 TI - Atherosclerosis: prevention based on pathogenesis. PMID- 712270 TI - Third-party reimbursement programs--Are they immune from antitrust attack? PMID- 712272 TI - The JOD registry: an Alabama first. PMID- 712271 TI - Juvenile-onset diabetes. A classic study in Alabama. PMID- 712273 TI - Nutrition support service. A new program in human and clinical nutrition at U.S.A. PMID- 712274 TI - Management consultants: RX for an ailing practice. PMID- 712275 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 712276 TI - Be a careful CME consumer. PMID- 712277 TI - Congenital hip dysplasia in Thai children. PMID- 712278 TI - Calf--blood deproteinized extract in the treatment of burns. PMID- 712279 TI - The management of high risk pregnancy. PMID- 712280 TI - Acid--base in review. (Part 1 of 3 parts). PMID- 712281 TI - Neurilemmoma of the cisterna magna. PMID- 712282 TI - Vectorcardiographic study of initial QRS forces in left bundle branch block associated with myocardial infarction, primary myocardial disease and valvular heart disease. PMID- 712283 TI - Pure anterior conduction delay: a variant "fascicular" defect. AB - Based upon electrocardiographic studies of conduction disturbances, the human intraventricular conduction system has been considered trifascicular: a right bundle and a bidivisional left bundle. Right bundle branch block, left anterior hemiblock, and left posterior hemiblock have been described. Microscopic and endocardial mapping studies, however, do not demonstrate a corresponding anatomical basis of this useful functional concept. Atrial premature beats in our two cases resulted in ventricular aberrancy which strongly suggests an additional form of a functional conduction delay. Such delay is manifest as a narrow QRS with anterior displacement in the horizontal plane but no axis shift in the frontal plane. This aberrancy is important to recognize because it can mimic the ECG findings of true posterior myocardial infraction. We do not postulate, however, a specific fascicle of the left bundle as the anatomic substrate for this recently recognized effect. PMID- 712284 TI - Electrophysiologic risk factors of syncope. PMID- 712285 TI - The significance of dissociation of conduction in the canine His bundle. Electrophysiological studies in vivo and in vitro. AB - Fractionated His bundle potentials were induced by ischemia or trauma in 30 anesthetized dogs, in vivo. Functional dissociation, i.e., alteration of the activation sequence of portions of these His bundle potentials was demonstrated in vivo as well as in 10 in vitro preparations of the His-Purkinje system. In vivo, plunge wire and electrode catheters were utilized to record from portions of the His bundle. During vagal-induced slowing of the heart rate, atrial pacing or His bundle pacing, His-Purkinje conduction as measured by the H-V interval was constant over a wide range of heart rates, 50-300/min. One or two hours after anterior septal artery ligation, His bundle damage manifested as split His bundle potentials (H, H'). Atrial pacing or proximal His bundle pacing induced H-H' delays with concomitant right or left bundle branch block patterns in ECG leads. However, distal His bundle pacing at comparable or even higher rates produced normal QRS complexes. In other cases, during atrial pacing or with progressive ischemia at a constant rate, H' progressively delayed during the H-V interval or even disappeared into the QRS complex with a concomitant occurrence of right or left bundle branch block. In vitro, a dissected septal preparation was studied containing the His bundle, proximal and distal right bundle and left bundle branches. Normal conduction throughout the His-Purkinje system was observed at pacing rates of 30-220/min. Punctate lesions, anatomically placed above the branching His bundle caused tachycardia-dependent, complete bundle branch blocked with concurrent temporal reversal of proximal and distal His bundle action potentials. These data suggest that ischemic or traumatic lesions in the His bundle may manifest on the electrocardiogram as bundle branch block patterns. From a clinical point of view, a critical site of lesion would markedly increase the liability for A-V blocked although the electrocardiogram alone would not indicate the actual site of lesion. Predestination of fiber tracts and alternative proposals to the pedestination theory are considered to explain QRS aberration due to exclusive His bundle lesions. PMID- 712287 TI - Precordial ST-segment mapping 5. Analysis of maps and standard electrocardiograms in patients with inferior myocardial infarction. AB - Measured and derived electrocardiographic parameters pertaining to ST-segment elevations, R and Q wave amplitudes from standard electrocardiograms, and 49-lead precordial maps from ten patients with acute inferior transmural myocardial infarction were analyzed. Sums of ST-segment elevations correlated well with corresponding values derived from various combinations of standard leads expressing inferior ischemic injury. Derived ECG R and Q wave data from maps did not correlate with corresponding parameters from the standard ECGs. Stability of parameters derived from ST-segment elevations over the course of the study and lack of correlation with data expressing changes in the R and Q waves were noted. An analytical pattern such as the one utilized in this study can be used for assessment of therapeutic interventions in the Coronary Care Unit. PMID- 712286 TI - P wave changes during exercise in normal subjects and in patients with hemodynamic evidence of left atrial overload. PMID- 712288 TI - Left atrial rhythm in man: an experimental study. AB - Ten patients with atrial septal defect of the secondum variety undergoing diagnostic haemodynamic study were subjected to electrical stimulation of the endocardium of the left atrium using a bipolar pacing electrode catheter. The polarity, frontal plane P wave axis and P wave configuration were analysed from ten scalar 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG), recorded at 25-50 mm/sec during sinus rhythm and left atrial stimulation. While four patients demonstrated the "dome and dart" appearance of P waves in V1, nine out of ten patients revealed upright P waves in V1 during left atrial pacing; one patient showed inverted P waves in V1-V6. Four patients had negative "P" waves in L1 and only five of ten patients had inverted "P" waves in L1 and V6. All the criteria of left atrial rhythm were present in only one patient. It appears that the "P" waves change during left atrial pacing are variable and that the typical findings of left atrial rhythm are not obtained in all cases. This study was planned because trans-septal left atrial stimulation in the genesis of left atrial rhythm has not been widely reported. PMID- 712289 TI - A new test for pacemaker leads: capacitance measurement. AB - A device has been developed which permits in man the measurement of the capacitance of a chronically implanted pacemaker lead at the moment of battery replacement. A large increase in capacitance suggests important body fluid penetration into the lead. This can be due to an insulation defect (caused by a suture or a guide wire during implantation) or to a degeneration of the insulation material or to the lead-design. This fluid penetration should be avoided since it can be responsible for some electro-chemical reactions. Calculated values for the capacitance of a system consisting of an inner and an outer conductor, with two media in between, agree rather well with measured values. It is suggested that the measurement of the capacitance of a pacemaker lead is an additional tool for the evaluation of chronically implanted pacemaker leads. This method can also be of interest for the quality control of pacemaker leads. PMID- 712290 TI - The effect of phentolamine on intra-Hisian conduction. AB - A His bundle electrogram was obtained in a 70 year old male with syncopal episodes. A split bundle of His deflection was recorded. After the intravenous administration of phentolamine, a marked shortening of the H-H' interval was observed. This signifies an improvement in conduction at the bundle of His level. PMID- 712291 TI - Duchenne electrocardiogram in myotonia dystrophica. AB - The term "myopathic pattern" is applied to the electrocardiographic finding of R/S in lead V1 of more than 1.5 in association with deep Q and prominent R waves in leads V4-V6. Such findings are characteristic of Duchenne's pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy and reportedly do not occur in other types of muscular dystrophy or myopathy. The purpose of this paper is to describe a case of myotonia dystrophica with the Duchenne electrocardiographic pattern. PMID- 712292 TI - A-V block in accidental hypothermia. AB - His bundle electrocardiography was performed on a patient with accidental hypothermia on whom the standard electrocardiogram (ECG) showed absent P waves, prominent J waves and a slightly irregular rhythm. Sino-ventricular conduction and a prolonged AH interval not responsive to atropine were found. These abnormalities reversed with rewarming. PMID- 712293 TI - Sympathetically induced atrial tachycardia. Successful treatment by left stellate ganglion block. AB - An unusual type of atrial tachycardia was observed in a 52-year-old woman. The tachycardia occurred only when the patient kept the left upper limb in the lateral and horizontal position. Propranolol, atropine sulfate, carotid sinus massage and ocular compression were not effective in terminating or preventing the arrhythmia. Left stellate ganglion block has stopped the tachycardia for at least two years. The atrial tachycardia in this patient was thought to be caused by mechanical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion resulting in pacemaker shifting, as has been demonstrated in the canine heart. PMID- 712294 TI - Steroid feedback on luteinizing hormone secretion during sexual maturation in the pig. AB - The effects of gonadal secretions on the release of LH and the stimulation of LH secretion by oestradiol have been investigated in newborn male and female miniature pigs; the differences in the feedback action of testosterone in newborn and pubertal male pigs were also studied. Hemi-orchidectomy or orchidectomy of 1 week-old pigs had no effect on the level of LH in the plasma; total orchidectomy significantly reduced the levels of testosterone (P less than 0.01) and progesterone (P less than 0.05). In female pigs ovariectomized at 1 week of age, the concentration of LH in the plasma decreased, with a strong negative correlation between the level of LH and age (r = -0.41; P less than 0.05). The plasma concentration of progesterone was generally low and unaffected by ovariectomy. Orchidectomy and treatment of male pigs, at 1 week of age, with testosterone (6 mg/kg body weight) had no effect on the plasma concentration of testosterone 24 h after treatment. If testosterone propionate was given rather than testosterone, the level of LH was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) 24 h after the injection and the concentration of testosterone in the plasma corresponded to that found in the intact adult male pig. Treatment with oestradiol or oestradiol benzoate did not affect the concentration of LH. Orchidectomy and treatment of pubertal male pigs with testosterone propionate resulted in a significantly (P less than 0.001) higher concentration of testosterone in the plasma, compared with newborn pigs treated similarly, but the level of LH was unchanged. This suggests that there is a more rapid rate of clearance of testosterone in the newborn than in the pubertal male miniature pig and that the negative feedback of testosterone is not mediated by aromatization in the newborn animal and it declines before or during puberty. Treatment of newborn intact male and female and gonadectomized male pigs with oestradiol benzoate produced similar variations in the plasma level of oestradiol in all groups of animals. In the female pigs, however, a surge-like release of LH was observed 60--72 h after the injection of oestradiol benzoate, suggesting that the stimulatory feedback mechanism can operate soon after birth and that the response is sexually dimorphic. PMID- 712295 TI - Relationships between prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone during early pregnancy and the puerperium. AB - This investigation studies the relationship between the concentrationss of prolactin and FSH in the serum during pregnancy and the puerperium. A single dose of 5 mg bromocriptine during early pregnancy induced a profound fall in the serum level of prolactin with a substantial rise 20 h later. During the initial reduction in the concentration of prolactin, no alteration was noted in the level of FSH but during the subsequent increase in the prolactin concentration, there was a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the concentration of FSH. During week 1 of the puerperium, the concentrations of FSH and prolactin were significantly lower in lactating women than in women who were not breast feeding, but there was no significant difference between the concentration of FSH in women who had suppressed lactation with bromocriptine and in those whose lactation was suppressed by non-hormonal methods. when the concentration of FSH was measured every 10 min during a 30 min breast feed, there was a marked but short-lived rise in the serum concentration of prolactin but no change in the level of FSH. These results suggest that an increase in the serum level of prolactin in pregnancy can have a suppressive effect on the production of FSH. Although acute suckling induced hyperprolactinaemia in the puerperium has no such effect, the maintenance of lactation in the long term does suppress the concentration of FSH in the serum. PMID- 712296 TI - Effect of low phosphorus diets on intestinal calcium absorption and the concentration of calcium-binding protein in intact and parathyroidectomized pigs. AB - The effect of changing the dietary concentration of phosphorus on the intestinal absorption of calcium has been studied in conscious pigs each prepared with a Thiry--Vella loop of jejunum. A reduction in the percentage of phosphorus in the diet from 0.7 to 0.3% caused an increase in the efficiency of absorption of calcium from the fluid used to perfuse the jejunal loop in both intact and parathyroidectomized animals. There was a marked increase in the amount of calcium-binding protein (CaBP) in the small intestine of pigs fed the low phosphrous diet. Parathyroidectomy did not affect the amount of CaBP in the small intestine when either the normal or the low phosphorus diets were fed. PMID- 712297 TI - Specific suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in gonadectomized male and female rats with intrasplenic ovarian transplants. AB - Adult male and female rats received an ovarian homotransplant under the kidney capsule or in the spleen 14 days after gonadectomy. After transplantation under the kidney capsule, the high levels of both LH and FSH normally observed after gonadectomy decreased to the levels found in intact male and female rats. After transplantation into the spleen, however, the serum levels of LH increased still further, although a decrease was observed in the level of FSH. In male rats, the concentrations of oestradiol-17beta in the plasma increased from 17 to 56 pg/ml after transplantation of an ovary under the kidney capsule; the concentration was not increased after intrasplenic ovarian transplantation. In female rats with an intrasplenic transplant, the uterine weight did not increase and vaginal smears were not cornified. Administration of oestrogen and progesterone to produce approximately the concentrations found in rats with an intrasplenic transplant did not result in decreased concentrations of FSH. These results suggest that the ovary secretes a substance with specific FSH-suppressing activity, which is not inactivated by the liver. PMID- 712298 TI - Uptake and binding of glucocorticoids in fish tissues. AB - Cytosols prepared from the liver and various tissues of goldfish (intact or hypophysectomized) and trout (intact) were incubated at 2 degrees C in the presence of tritiated cortisol or dexamethasone (3 x 10(-9) to 3 x 10(-6) mol/l) with or without a 1000-fold excess of unlabelled steroid. In contrast to mammals, the specifically bound component represented a very low fraction of the total bound steroid retained on DEAE cellulose filters and did not show saturation over a large range of concentrations. The subcellular distribution of [3H]dexamethasone was studied in trout liver after intra-vascular injection of the labelled steroid with and without an excess of unlabelled steroid. The amount of protein-bound steroid in the cytosol again corresponded to a small (4%) proportion of the free steroid. The large reduction in the uptake of tritiated dexamethasone, which was induced in both the cytosol and nuclei by competing unlabelled dexamethasone, was interpreted as evidence for mediated entry across cellular and nuclear membranes. These results indicate that high-affinity binding sites are absent, or present only in very small numbers in cytosol from teleost tissues. The entry of glucocorticoids into the nucleus may not require the hormone to be bound to high-affinity cytosolic receptors unless the binding, though quantitatively small, displays a high rate of turnover. PMID- 712299 TI - Effects of an intra-uterine device on uterine cell division and epithelial morphology in ovariectomized mice treated with oestrogen and progesterone. AB - Silk threads placed in the uteri of ovariectomized mice increased cell proliferation in all tissues including regions of the uterus remote from the site of insertion. Many of the effects resembled those produced by oestrogens. An intra-uterine device (IUD) increased luminal and glandular mitosis and produced various degrees of luminal epithelial hyperplasia in untreated animals. In progesterone-treated mice bearing IUD's, luminal and stromal mitosis was increased. Epithelial morphology was not affected or luminal mitosis inhibited in oestrogen-treated animals with IUD's, but stromal and glandular mitosis was increased. After combined treatment with progesterone and oestrogen, stromal mitosis was suppressed at the contact site but was increased elsewhere. Both oestrogen and progesterone suppressed the luminal leucocytosis induced by the IUD. Despite this, the IUD prevented complete progestational differentiation of the luminal epithelium and closure of the lumen. The degree to which IUD-induced abnormalities were observed depended on the hormonal status of the animal at the time of sampling. PMID- 712300 TI - Thromboxane B2 and human parturition: concentrations in the plasma and production in vitro. AB - The concentration of thromboxane B2 has been measured in the plasma of women during late pregnancy, during term and pre-term labour, in women with pre eclampsia and in umbilical cord arterial and venous plasma. In addition, the rates of production of thromboxane B2 in vitro were determined for placental tissues obtained after spontaneous vaginal delivery or elective Caesarean section. The results obtained indicate significant differences during parturition between the sources and controlling mechanisms of thromboxane and prostaglandin production. PMID- 712301 TI - Failure of sodium loading to influence the concentration of iso-renin in rat brain. PMID- 712302 TI - Activity of testosterone 5alpha-reductase in the hair follicles of women with polycystic ovaries. PMID- 712303 TI - Failure of histamine to induce the release of luteinizing hormone in castrated rats primed with sex steroids. PMID- 712304 TI - Effect of somatostatin on the concentration of growth hormone in the plasma of foetal sheep. PMID- 712305 TI - Maturational changes in the characteristics of oestrogen-induced surges of luteinizing hormone in immature domestic gilts. PMID- 712307 TI - Evidence for pleiomorphism of luteinizing hormone in peripubertal female rats. PMID- 712306 TI - Synchronous episodic release of cortisol in the sheep. PMID- 712308 TI - Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, testosterone and androstenedione in castrated and adrenalectomized bull calves. PMID- 712309 TI - Maintenance of functioning human pituitary tumours in 'nude' athymic mice. PMID- 712310 TI - Site of blood sampling in rats as a possible source of error in hormone determinations. PMID- 712311 TI - Androgen dependence of rat prostatic 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 712312 TI - Plasma concentrations of growth hormone during growth in normal and testosterone treated chickens. PMID- 712313 TI - Effects of high altitude on endocrine function in the Sherpas of Nepal. PMID- 712314 TI - Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in pregnant and lactating ewes and foetal and newborn lambs. PMID- 712315 TI - Partial alleviation of the antitesticular effect of pipecolinomethylhydroxyindane by zinc in rats. PMID- 712316 TI - Effect of reserpine on plasma concentrations of growth hormone and prolactin in the domestic fowl. PMID- 712317 TI - An improved method for estimating cholecystokinin in human serum. AB - Because of difficulties encountered in setting up radioimmunoassays for cholecystokinin (CCK) a sensitive and reliable biological method for estimating this hormone is still needed. The principles of such a biological technique and an improvement to it have already been described, but the serum levels of CCK reported were high and the technique required further refinement and validation. The strips of rabbit gall-bladder used to estimate the concentration of CCK increased in sensitivity to standard solutions of CCK over a 6--8 period before stabilizing, but a single sample of serum increased the sensitivity of the strips of gall-bladder to their maximum immediately. These two problems were eliminated by 'priming' the strips of gall-bladder by exposure to two serum samples before exposure to the standard solutions used for production of a dose--response curve. Thirdly, it was discovered that some non-peptide substances in serum possessed CCK-like activity; by extracting all the small peptides from serum with dextran coated charcoal the residual activity could be measured and subtracted from the total CCK activity. Finally, the activity of CCK in the serum increased during processing before freezing. This increase was eliminated by taking the blood samples into aprotinin which has been shown to cause dramatic reduction in CCK activity in some experiments. When all these factors were taken into account and the technique suitably modified, the mean level of CCK in the serum of ten normal fasting subjects was found to be 28 milli Ivy Dog units/ml (2.4 pmol/ml), which is only one third of that reported previously. PMID- 712318 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on the metabolism of cholesteryl ester in rat testes: changes in the synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester and the activity of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. AB - The effects of prostaglandins on testicular synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters, the activity of the enzyme involved in cleavage of the cholesterol side-chain and on serum levels of testosterone and LH have been studied. Subcutaneous administration of prostaglandins to male rats caused an increase in the concentration of cholesteryl esters in the testes, a decrease in testicular synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters but no change in the activity of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. There was also a significant decrease in the serum level of testosterone, but the level of LH was raised. Prostaglandins also affected the fatty acid composition of lipids in rat testicular tissue; cholesteryl esters were found to contain greater amounts of arachidonic (C20:4) and docosapentaenoic (C22:5) acids. These findings suggest that prostaglandins are involved in the turnover of cholesteryl esters in rat testicular tissue and regulate the production of androgens. PMID- 712319 TI - Influence of autonomic innervation on the foetal rat pancreas in vitro. PMID- 712320 TI - Antiandrogenic effects of the pineal gland and melatonin in castrated and intact prepubertal male rats. AB - In castrated prepubertal rats, pinealectomy enhanced the testosterone-induced growth response of the seminal vesicles and melatonin inhibited this effect in a dose-related manner. In entire animals, the serum concentration of LH was increased after pinealectomy with no significant changes in other parameters. Administration of melatonin to intact, pinealectomized rats did not affect the serum concentrations of LH or testosterone but caused a dose-related decrease in the weight of the seminal vesicles. The highest dose of melatonin tested reduced the weight of the ventral prostate gland and the uptake of radioactivity by both the ventral prostate gland and the testes after injection of [5-3H]uridine. It is suggested that the pineal gland and melatonin may exert an antagonistic effect on the biological activity of androgens administered to castrated rats and that melatonin can reduce the growth of the accessory sex organs of intact, pinealectomized rats, in spite of a high concentration of LH in the serum. The well-known inhibitory influence of systemically administered melatonin on the accessory sex organs in male rats may be due to its antagonistic effect at a peripheral level. PMID- 712321 TI - Circadian variations in the plasma concentration of prolactin in the adult male rat. AB - The occurrence of circadian variations in the concentration of prolactin in the plasma of 6- to 9-month-old male rats has been assessed in animals exposed to light for 14 h/day (lights on 06.00--20.00 h). Blood samples were obtained after decapitation, or from individual rats at regular intervals via a permanent cannula. Care was taken to limit stress during sampling. The concentration of prolactin in the plasma was significantly lower between 07.00 and 15.00 h than at other times. Between 15.00 and 20.00 h (during the light period), the concentration of prolactin was significantly higher in comparison with the preceding period, or with the remainder of the 24 h period. During the night, the concentration fluctuated, probably because of episodic releases of the hormone. The possible physiological significance of a circadian rhythm in the plasma concentration of prolactin and the implications for endocrine experimentation are discussed briefly. PMID- 712322 TI - Effects of 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol and 5beta-dihydrotestosterone on acid phosphatase activity in the prostate gland of the castrated adult rat. PMID- 712323 TI - Functional significance of the cells in the pars anterior of the pituitary gland of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus L.). AB - Seven morphologically and tinctorially distinct types of cells (types 1--7) have been distinguished in the pars anterior of the pituitary gland of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus L.). On the basis of their responses to various experimental stimuli, these cell types were correlated with the secretion of various trophic hormones. Type 1 cells exhibited conspicuous changes after thyroidectomy or inactivation of the thyroid gland and hence appeared to be the source of TSH. Types 2 and 3 cells responded to gonadectomy and administration of androgens, which suggests that they were associated with gonadotrophin secretion. The granules of the type 2, but not the type 3 cells could be extracted with 10% trichloroacetic acid, which may indicate that type 2 and 3 cells secrete FSH and LH respectively. After the administration of either reserpine or oestrogen, the type 4 cells underwent hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which suggests that they were the likely source of prolactin. Type 6 cells, which are distinguishable from type 4 cells by their thinly dispersed erythrosinophilic granulation, showed conspicuous changes after unilateral adrenalectomy, administration of metyrapone or exposure to stress and may therefore be responsible for secretion of ACTH. Type 5 cells tinctorially resembled the somatotrophic cells of other mammalian species and did not respond to any of the experimental treatments used in the present study. It is therefore possible that these cells have a somatotrophic function. The possible significance of type 7 cells has been discussed previously. PMID- 712324 TI - An electromyographic analysis of forelimb muscles during overground stepping in the cat. AB - The patterns of activity of 33 forelimb muscles during unrestrained overground stepping in eight adult cats were analysed using intramuscular electromyography. Three general patterns were found. Some muscles began activity during the first extension epoch (E1) and ceased near the end of the third extension epoch (E3) and were considered extensors. Others, considered flexors, began activity just prior to the flexion (F) epoch and ceased at or just after the onset of E1. Other muscles showed a biphasic pattern of activation; one period of activity occurring during F, the other during the extension epochs. In all regions of the limb, individual muscles displayed variation in the onset and time course of activity. The results are interpreted in terms of a model of locomotor generation which proposes specific neural output to individual muscles. Muscles of the shoulder region are proposed to act mainly to produce translatory and rotatory movements of the scapula associated with lengthening the step. Muscles of the elbow region and antebrachium are interpreted as playing roles both in producing flexion extension movements and in the absorption of energy. The latter group are considered especially suitable to energy absorption because of their pennate arrangement of muscle fasciculi and their long tendons. PMID- 712325 TI - Patterns of activity and the effects of activation of the fast conducting system on the behaviour of unrestrained leeches. AB - 1. The neural activity of the nerve cord of Hirudo medicinalis has been recorded in unrestrained animals by means of chronically implanted electrodes. 2. The Fast Conducting System (FCS) is inactive both in motionless animals and during various kinds of active behaviour (creeping, swimming, ventilation). 3. Photic and tactile stimuli applied to a motionless animal elicit a FCS discharge, which may be followed by generalized shortening. 4. Photic and tactile stimuli applied during ventilation are followed by a reversible blockade of the ongoing activity only if they are able to elicit a FCS discharge. No such effect is observed on swimming. 5. An explanation of these findings in terms of the known connexions of leech neurones is offered and a role in the control of reafferent inputs is attributed to the rectifying synapses made by FCS and T cells on the L motor neurones. PMID- 712326 TI - Quantitative mapping of cutaneous receptive fields in normal and operated leeches, Limnobdella. AB - 1. The receptive fields and physiological properties of the sensitive cutaneous mechanoreceptive neurones in the leech Limnobdella australis were found to be very similar to those previously described in Hirudo medicinalis. 2. Following separation from the central nervous system (C.N.S.), the distal dendrite stump and cutaneous receptive field remained unchanged for at least 160 days. 3. There was little spreading of receptive fields into regions of skin isolated from the C.N.S. for at least 184 days. 4. Cutting one dendrite of a mechanoreceptive neurone which has two major dendrites produced little change in the receptive field of the intact dendrite. 5. Abnormalities were found in most of the receptive fields of operated leeches, irrespective of the site of operation. These abnormalities were not seen in normal leeches. PMID- 712327 TI - Axonal adaptations to osmotic and ionic stress in an invertebrate osmoconformer (Mercierella enigmatica Fauvel). I. Ultrastructural and electrophysiological observations on axonal accessibility. AB - The giant axons in Mercierella are overlaid by narrow glial processes which provide an incomplete covering of the axonal surface. Where more complete covering occurs the intercellular clefts are not sealed by tight junctional complexes. Ionic lanthanum penetrates to the surfaces of axons from sea-water adapted animals (in normal saline and during initial exposure to hyposmotic saline) and, also, to the surface of hyposmotically adapted axons. A relatively free intercellular access to the axon surfaces is also indicated by the rapid electrical responses of sea-water-adapted axons to hyposmotic dilution and of hyposmotically adapted axons to sodium-deficient saline. The giant axon possesses an unusual ultrastructural specialization: hemidesmosome-like structures (associated with the axon membrane) which are connected to a network of neurofilaments within the axon. Theoretical considerations suggest that these structures could enable the axons to withstand appreciable excesses in intracellular hydrostatic pressure resulting from osmotic imbalance during hyposmotic stress. PMID- 712328 TI - Axonal adaptations to osmotic and ionic stress in an invertebrate osmoconformer (Mercierella enigmatica Fauvel). II. Effects of ionic dilution on the resting and action potentials. AB - The giant axon of this extreme euryhaline osmoconformer possess an unusual ability to produce action potentials of large amplitude over a wide range of ionic dilution when constant osmotic concentration is maintained by the addition of mannitol to the bathing medium. Ionic dilution under these circumstances causes a decline in the overshoot of the action potential (resulting largely from reduction in [Na+]o) and an appreciable axonal hyperpolarization (primarily as a result of decrease in [K+]O). This hyperpolarization tends to compensate for the reduction in the extent of the overshoot and so maintains the amplitude of the sodium-mediated action potentials during isosmotic dilution of the bathing medium. The axonal hyperpolarization also appears to reduce sodium inactivation so as to maintain a rapid rate of rise of the action potential despite drastic reduction in the ionic concentration of the bathing medium. Prolonged exposure to reduced ionic concentrations appears to induce a ouabain sensitive reduction in intracellular sodium concentration which increases the sodium gradient across the axon membrane during isosmotic dilution of the external medium. PMID- 712329 TI - Axonal adaptation to osmotic and ionic stress in an invertebrate osmoconformer (Mercierella enigmatica Fauvel). III. Adaptations to hyposmotic dilution. AB - The giant axons of this extreme osmoconformer were adapted, in vitro, to progressive hyposmotic dilution of the bathing medium (from 1024 m-Osmol to concentrations as low as 76.8 m-Osmol). Hyposmotic adaptation is associated with reductions in the intracellular concentrations of both sodium and potassium ions. These reductions do not appear to result from appreciable axonal swelling. The different electrical responses to isosmotic and hyposmotic dilution suggest that reduction in [Na+]1 results from ouabain-dependent sodium extrusion, in response to ionic dilution, and that reduction in [K+]1 is induced by a combination of ionic and osmotic dilution. The reduced level of intracellular potassium achieved during hyposmotic adaptation represents a balance between the necessity to contribute to osmotic equilibration and to maintain a potassium gradient across the axon membrane sufficient to produce appreciable axonal hyperpolarization during dilution of the bathing medium. This hyperpolarization tends to maintain the amplitude of the action potential, by compensating for reduction in overshoot (with decline in E(Na), and by reducing sodium inactivation. This, together with the reduction in [Na+]1, enables overshooting action potentials of relatively large amplitude and rapid rise time to be maintained during more than tenfold dilution of the ionic and osmotic concentration of the bathing medium. PMID- 712330 TI - Cilioexcitatory and cilioinhibitory processes initiated by light on two identifiable neuronal pigments in Mytilus edulis. AB - Two neuronal chromoproteins (red-haemoprotein and yellow-carotenoprotein) initiate changes in ciliary activity on the gill of Mytilus. Photic, electrical and chemical stimulation of these chromoproteins correlate with fluctuations in ionic (calcium and iron) deposits in gill bulk tissue samples. Microspectrophotometric measurements of chromoprotein spectral band patterns reveal two or three absorption maxima for carotenoprotein and haemoprotein respectively. Under aerobic conditions, cilioinhibition and cilioexcitation results after activation of carotenoprotein or haemoprotein respectively. Carotenoproteins are only engaged during gradual anoxia. Immediate anoxia renders both chromoproteins inoperative. Changes in ciliary activity initiated by photic stimulation of neuronal chromoproteins are abolished by denervation of the gill. It is postulated that photoactivation and/or release of specific neurotransmitters lead to transformations in chromoproteins with subsequent neuronal regulation of gill ciliary activity. PMID- 712331 TI - A role for conditioned stimulus duration in toxiphobia conditioning. AB - The effect of conditioned stimulus (CS) exposure duration on toxiphobia conditioning was investigated. When a relatively long (20--30 min) CS exposure was administered on the conditioning trial, rats subsequently displayed a reduced conditioned aversion in comparison with when CS exposure was relatively brief (5- 10 min). This result was obtained in an odor-aversion learning task with neonatal rats as subjects (Experiments 1 and 2) and in a flavor-aversion learning task with adult rats (Experiment 3). This phenomenon was further investigated in the odor-aversion task by presenting neonates with two discrete 10-min exposures to the odor CS and by varying both the temporal proximity of the two CS presentations to each other and to the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus (US). Two exposures to the CS reduced conditioning in comparison with a single exposure but only when the second CS presentation preceded US occurrence by at least 5 min (Experiments 4 and 5). Both nonassociative and associative interpretations of the data were discussed. PMID- 712332 TI - Urinary isoamylases in juvenile diabetics. AB - An anomalous ratio of salivary to pancreatic amylase activities has been observed in urine from juvenile diabetics. Decreased pancreatic amylase activity in urine from these subjects appears to be a characteristic trait. PMID- 712333 TI - [Diagnostic value of the lipoprotein-X determination (author's transl)]. AB - LP-X was investigated in the serum of 221 patients with and without cholestasis. The diagnostic sensitivity and the diagnostic specificity of the test were 0.9 and 0.88, respectively. When this test is used on a non-selected collective, however, the predictive value of the positive test is very low, whereas negative results have a high diagnostic value. Thus, in practice, LP-X is more suitable for the exclusion, rather than the detection of cholestasis. PMID- 712334 TI - [Enzymatic determination of xylitol and sorbitol (author's transl)]. AB - An enzymatic endpoint determination of xylitol and sorbitol by the use of L iditol dehydrogenase is described. Despite the use of pH 9 and the addition of semicarbazide, the reaction goes only 80% to completion. Therefore a standard value has to be used. The lower limit for measurement of concentrations in serum is around 0.1 mmol/l. The most favorable range is between 0.4 and 1.2 mmol/l with a coefficient of variation of below 4%. Sensitivity and precision is higher than with the kinetic method described earlier. Further simplification for the routine control of infusion therapy with polyols is suggested. PMID- 712335 TI - [A comparison of six commercially available thyrotropin radioimmunoassay kits (author's transl)]. PMID- 712337 TI - [Dependence of the serum concentrations of creatinine and urea on the time of day, with normal and impaired kidney function (author's transl)]. AB - Daily variations in the serum concentrations of creatinine, urea and cortisol were studied in 7 patients without kidney or muscle disease, and in 8 patients with impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance less than 40 ml/min). Neither creatinine nor urea showed a circadian rhythm; the daily variations lay within the limits of the methodological scatter. Serum cortisol showed its known circadian rhythm in high amplitude. PMID- 712336 TI - Investigation of reference values of components of cerebrospinal fluid. AB - In order to obtain reference values, random samples of CSF from 70 women and 69 men were analyzed for various components, including total protein and protein fractions. Using statistical methods, data were also collected for sex differences and the influence of age. Small variations in the values of total protein, albumin and gamma-globulin between males and females were found, and slightly higher values for the gamma-globulin were found with increasing age. PMID- 712338 TI - [Studies on the chromozyme TH-cleaving activity of human serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 712339 TI - [Fluorometric method for the determination of naproxen and demethylnaproxen in serum and urine (author's transl)]. AB - Naproxen and demethylnaproxen can be determined fluorometrically in serum and urine after extraction with dichlorethane, and without prior separation. The detection limit of naproxen and demethylnaproxen is below 0,2 mg/l in serum and below 0,5 mg/l in urine. After incubation of urine with beta glucuronidase/arylsulfatase, most of the conjugated naproxen and demethylnaproxen can be determined. PMID- 712340 TI - In vitro conversion of estradiol-17beta into estrone in normal human myometrium and leiomyoma. AB - The specific activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was measured in normal human myometrium, and in leiomyoma specimens obtained from the same tumor bearing uterus. In all cases the normal tissue showed greater conversion of estradiol-17beta into estrone than the neoplastic tissues. In normal myometrium of fertile women, the specific enzyme activity depended on the phase of the menstrual cycle, the highest values of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity being found in the early secretory phase. To determine the intracellular distribution of the 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, purified microsomes, mitochondria, nuclei and cytosol fractions were prepared. The purity of each fraction was monitored by marker enzymes. It was found that the enzyme was mainly located in mitochondria and microsomes. Furthermore it was demonstrated that the microsomal enzyme was bound tightly to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, while the mitochondrial 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was mainly associated with the outer membranes of the organelle. Kinetic parameters (Km values, coenzyme requirements, temperature and pH-optima) of the cytoplasmic, nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal enzyme of normal and neoplastic tissue were compared. PMID- 712341 TI - Estrogen and progesterone binding proteins in normal human myometrium and leiomyoma tissue. AB - The occurrence and characteristics of macromolecular components of normal human myometrium and leiomyoma which bind [3H]estradiol and [3H]progesterone were investigated, employing dextran coated charcoal, density gradient centrifugation and gel filtration techniques. On sucrose density gradient centrigugation, [3H]progesterone was bound by macromolecules with sedimentation rates of about 4 S and 8 S. The major [3H]progesterone binding component had a sedimentation coefficient of about 4 S, which contained specific and nonspecific binding sites. Sedimentation patterns as well as elution profiles from agarose gel revealed a striking similarity between biochemical properties of the progesterone receptors from normal myometrium and leiomyomas of the same organ. Both progesterone and estradiol receptor change in concentration during the normal menstrual cycle. During the early proliferative phase the number of estradiol receptor binding sites was highest; after ovulation, a rapip decrease of estradiol receptor level was seen. On the other hand, using [3H]progesterone as the ligand, the highest receptor concentration was found at midcycle. The leiomyoma steroid hormone receptor levels were compared with those in normal myometrium. Whereas leiomyoma exhibited higher estradiol binding capacity, the concentration of progesterone receptors was low in fibroid tumors. PMID- 712342 TI - [Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in erythrocytes: studies on the primary genetic enzyme defect in chronic hepatic porphyria (author's transl)]. AB - In chronic hepatic porphyria, including the clinical phase, porphyria cutanea tarda, the activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase is decreased not only in the liver, but also in the erythrocytes. The synonomous decrease in the enzymic activity in liver and erythrocytes in both familial and sporadic hepatic porphyria shows that the disturbance of this enzyme is the primary genetic defect of this condition; inheritance of the defect is probably autosomal and dominant. The clinical manifestation of disturbances of porphyrin metabolism are precipitated, however, by additional factors, such as liver damage, alcohol, oestrogens and neoplastic growths. In the absence of these other pathogenic influences, the enzyme defect is compensated and does not result in disturbances of haem or haemoglobin synthesis, either in the liver or the bone marrow. PMID- 712343 TI - [Hereditary coproporphyria in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 712344 TI - Evaluation of the Bradford method for protein determination in body fluids. AB - The applicability of a dye binding method for protein determination described by Bradford (1976), Anal. Biochem. 72, 248--254) for use in the clinical chemical laboratory was studied. The simple, fast and sensitive method is well suitable for protein determination of cerebrospinal fluid but not for urinary protein. Polymer carbohydrates (Macrodex) do not interfere with dye binding. PMID- 712345 TI - Facial development in normal and mutant chick embryos. I. Scanning electron microscopy of primary palate formation. AB - Early facial development in normal chick embryos was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and compared to the abnormal facial development of a mutant in which primary palate formation does not occur, thus resulting in bilateral cleft lip. In both normal and "cleft primary palate" mutant embryos, subsequent to the appearance of the nasal placodes, the surrounding tissues elevate to give rise to the presumptive facial primordia. As the facial primordia grow forward, they gradually assume the configuration of a square which is most pronounced at five days development. In normal embryos, the square configuration is then lost as the facial primordia become aligned in preparation for primary palate formation. The primary palate is formed at six days development by fusion of the "free-ended" medial nasal processes with the combined lateral nasal and maxillary processes across the nasal grooves. Just prior to fusion, long, slender filaments extend from the apposing surfaces of the facial primordia in the regions of prefusion contact. It is speculated that these "prefusion filaments" may function in alignment or adhesion of the facial primordia. In "cleft primary palate" embryos, facial morphogenesis appears to arrest at five days development, so that the square configuration persists. The medial nasal processes never contact the lateral nasal and maxillary processes, but instead remain separated from them by wide nasal grooves. Furthermore, facial primordia of mutant embryos do not exhibit the "prefusion filaments" characteristic of normal embryos. PMID- 712346 TI - Nerve trophic effects: an in vitro assay for factors involved in regulation of protein synthesis in regenerating amphibian limbs. AB - We have developed a rapid sensitive test for factors that mimic the trophic effects of nerves by maintaining normal rates of protein synthesis in denervated forelimb blastemata of adult newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). Rates of protein synthesis in secondary blastemata are similar. However, after they are denervated and explanted into organ culture the rates of protein synthesis first increase and later fall below control values. Similar changes occur after denervation in vivo. The alterations in the rates of protein synthesis are prevented by adding to the culture medium aqueous extracts from brains of adult newts or chicken embryos. The active material is either a peptide or a protein. PMID- 712347 TI - Studies on oocyte maturation of the medaka, Oryzias latipes. VI. Relationship between the circadian cycle of oocyte maturation and activity of the pituitary gland. AB - The relationship between pituitary activity and oocyte maturation was examined in Oryzias latipes (medaka), which has a circadian cycle of oviposition. Throughout the circadian cycle of oviposition, females possessed a population of large oocytes more than 800 micronmeter in diameter that could mature in the presence of gonadotropin. Oocyte maturation was observed in vitro in females hypophysectomized between three and ten hours after the beginning of the light period with the number of maturing oocytes increasing as hypophysectomy was delayed. Although in vivo oocyte maturation was blocked by hypophysectomy within two hours after the beginning of the light period, it was restored by a single injection of synthetic or mammalian pituitary hormones (gonadotropic, corticotropic and thyrotropic hormones) within ten hours after hypophysectomy. Of these pituitary hormones, FSH, LH and TSH could induce in vitro maturation of isolated oocytes. Oocytes matured in vitro in the absence of exogeneous hormones if they were isolated nine or more hours after the onset of light. The present study indicates that the circadian cycle of maturation of Oryzias oocytes is controlled by the release of pituitary hormone between three and nine hours after the beginning of the light period. PMID- 712348 TI - Pedal wave recovery following transection of pedal nerves in the slug, Limax maximus. PMID- 712349 TI - Effect of acclimation temperature on plasma levels of glucose and lactate in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. PMID- 712350 TI - Satellite cells are mitotically quiescent in mature mouse muscle: an EM and radioautographic study. AB - Normal adult mouse tibialis anterior muscles were perfused continuously with 3H thymidine for nine days. Quantitation of the satellite cell population in these muscles reveals that not only is the frequency of satellite cell nuclei low, but that those present are mitotically quiescent. PMID- 712351 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of primordial germ cells in early chick embryos. AB - Primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the early chick embryo were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Temporal changes in the form and distribution of surface projections were found to be correlated with migratory phases of PGCs. Non-migrating PGCs were spherical to ovoid with relatively smooth surfaces. Their transition to the migratory phase was first evidenced by a burst of membrane activity. Migrating PGCs became somewhat flattened against the underlying hypoblast (which serves as the substratum for their migration) and exhibited blebs and lamellar processes. The lamellar processes were most prominent at the leading edges of actively migrating PGCs. Overall results of the present study indicates that PGCs found in the germinal crescent area of early chick embryos actively migrate on the dorsal surface of the hypoblast towards posterior embryonic regions. PMID- 712352 TI - Hypercalcemic crisis in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 712353 TI - Treatment of advanced cutaneous neoplasms. PMID- 712355 TI - On reading the medical literature. PMID- 712354 TI - Psychotherapeutic games. PMID- 712356 TI - Estate planning for professionals. PMID- 712357 TI - Separate Department of Health on November ballot. PMID- 712358 TI - Why a department of health? PMID- 712359 TI - Jaundice. Clinical pearls and perils. PMID- 712360 TI - Sexual identity disorders in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 712361 TI - Thrombosis of internal carotid artery after gunshot injury. PMID- 712362 TI - Subacute bacterial endocarditis in Florida. PMID- 712363 TI - Your future. PMID- 712364 TI - Medicine obeys the law. PMID- 712365 TI - Calcium-dependent increase in spike duration during repetitive firing of Aplysia axon in the presence of TEA. AB - Repetitive stimulation was studied in the axon of the giant neuron, R2, of Aplysia in the presence of TEA. In 25 or 50 mM extracellular TEA, a plateau develops on the axon spike during repetitive stimulation at frequencies greater than 3/sec. The plateau in extracellular TEA is inhibited by 30 mM CoCl2 or 1 mM CdCl2, and is enhanced by raising the Ca concentration. Intracellular TEA induces a plateau on the axon spike at frequencies less than 1/30sec. This plateau increases in duration with repetitive stimulation at higher frequencies and is inhibited by 30 mM CoCl2 or 1 mM CdCl2. The increase in spike duration during repetitive firing in the presence of TEA is indicative of an increased entry of Ca during the spike train. PMID- 712367 TI - The caudal ganglion of the leech, with particular reference to homologues of segmental touch receptors. AB - The caudal ganglion of the leech, which provides sensory and motor innervation to the posterior sucker, represents the fusion of seven embryonic segmental ganglia. Although fused, each of the seven contributing ganglia ("subganglia") of the caudal ganglion can be distinguished morphologically and functionally. The roots from each subganglion carry the axons of mechanoreceptors homologous to "touch" cells found in the segmental ganglia and the subesophageal compound ganglion. The receptive fields supplied by the touch cells of the caudal ganglion are uniquely arranged and reveal the modified segmentation of the circular posterior sucker. Extensive overlap of sensory innervation occurs between adjacent segments of the sucker, beyond the overlap characteristic of the homologous cells of body segments. It thus appears that the touch receptors of the caudal ganglion are less restricted than receptors of the segmental ganglia with regard to their territories of innervation. The caudal ganglion has additional unique properties that establish it as a distinct integrative center of the leech CNS. PMID- 712366 TI - Changes in synthesis of specific proteins following axotomy: detection with two dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - Changes in protein synthesis during development and following axotomy were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two major postganglionic nerves emerging from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCSG) of adult rats were either cut or crushed unilaterally. At intervals ranging from 1 to 112 days after surgery both SCSG were removed and incubated for 1 hr in the presence of 14C-leucine. Proteins were extracted and subjected to two-dimensional electrophoretic separation and autoradiography. With this technique, proteins are separated on the basis of isoelectric point and molecular weight. Also, intact SCSG from 1, 2, 7, and 14 day old rats were labeled and analyzed. It was found that a minority of the separated proteins exhibited some detectable change in relative rate of synthesis following axotomy. Actin exhibited a slight (less than 20%) increase in relative synthesis rate while tubulin did not change significantly. There were small but significant differences in the protein patterns following nerve crush, as opposed to nerve cut. Comparison of protein synthesis patterns from developing rat SCSG with those from intact and from axotomized adult SCSG failed to demonstrate any marked similarity between the developmental and the axotomy patterns. PMID- 712368 TI - Hypothyroidism with true myotonia. AB - A patient with subclinical hypothyroidism who presented with true myotonia is described. There was no evidence that either he or members of his family had dystrophia myotonica or myotonia congenita. Treatment with thyroxine resolved his symptoms completely. PMID- 712369 TI - Reflexes evoked in human thenar muscles during voluntary activity and their conduction pathways. AB - Responses evoked by an electrical stimulus to the median nerve in a small muscle of the human hand during a voluntary contraction have been examined. Two of these responses have been shown to be evoked through reflex pathways. The first, with a mean afferent conduction velocity of 64 m/s and estimated central delay of about 0.8 ms, is identified as an H reflex. The second response, which has an undefined central pathway, has a mean afferent conduction velocity of 43 m/s and an estimated central delay of about 17 ms. PMID- 712370 TI - Disturbances of ocular movements and blinking in schizophrenia. AB - Neurological examination and electroencephalograms and electro-oculograms, recorded by telemetry, from unmedicated patients with acute and chronic schizophrenia demonstrate a number of abnormalities of extraocular movement including staring, abnormal blink rate, absent glabellar reflex, and increase in horizontal eye movements. As potential clues to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, these disturbances are analysed in relation to anatomical substrate and dopamine modulation of ocular movement, rapid eye movement sleep, and the neurological disorders in which similar disturbances of ocular movement occur. PMID- 712371 TI - Ewing's sarcoma of the spinal epidural space: report of two cases. AB - Two new cases of primary extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma of the spinal epidural space, and their histogenesis and differential diagnosis are described. The diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma, which is essentially an undifferentiated tumour, depends largely on the exclusion of several other neoplasms with morphological similarities. With these two cases, 43 extraosseous Ewing's sarcomas have been reported to date, seven of which were epidural in location. PMID- 712372 TI - Assessment of recovery from serious head injury. AB - A procedure for serial assessment of neuropsychological recovery after serious head injury was designed. The assessment procedure consists of four segments, each appropriate for different phases of the recovery process. Recovery can be traced from early in the period of post-traumatic amnesia until it reaches an asymptote. The course of recovery of several patients has been observed. The procedure is shown to be practical and appears to be valid. The recovery process is compared to ontogenesis, and is shown to be generally similar though differing in important particulars. PMID- 712373 TI - Brain abscesses in Northern Ireland: a 30 year community review. AB - One hundred and seventy-two cases of intracranial abscesses, obtained from Neurosurgical and Centralised Autopsy Records for Northern Ireland for the 30 years, 1947--1976, have been reviewed. The incidence of the disease has fallen from five to three per million of population per year over the past three decades. Intracranial abscesses were three times as common in males as in females. Twenty-nine per cent of the abscesses were in the temporal lobe, 25% frontal, 10% parietal, 6% cerebellar, 3% occipital, and 7% were either subdural or in deep sites such as the thalamus; the remainder (20%) were multiple. Multiple and occipital abscesses were all fatal, temporal and parietal abscesses were associated with a 65% mortality, and 45% of patients with frontal abscesses died. Chronic suppurative otitis media was the single largest cause, and it was the only aetiological factor to have shown a progressive decline over 30 years. For those seen and treated in the neurosurgical unit the mortality was 53%, but if those obtained from the necropsy records were included the overall mortality was 70%. PMID- 712374 TI - Coincidental aneurysms with tumours of pituitary origin. AB - Angiographic studies on 150 pituitary adenomas and 33 craniopharyngiomas presenting for surgical treatment are reviewed. Eleven incidental silent aneurysms (four arising from the intracavernous and four from the supraclinoid carotid artery, and three from the anterior cerebral artery complex) are shown. Intracavernous aneurysms were also present in two acromegalic patients who had been treated previously with yttrium implantation. Although encasement of vessels by these tumours is unusual, the relevance of vascular abnormalities to surgical treatment is sufficient to justify routine magnification angiography. PMID- 712375 TI - Periodic respiration in erect posture in Shy-Drager syndrome. AB - Tilt-table polygraphic study in four patients with Shy-Drager syndrome demonstrated periodic apnoea in the erect posture. In one patient reduced hypercapneic ventilatory response and necropsy findings of neuronal loss and astrocytosis in the pontine tegmentum suggested dysfunctional respiratory neurones in the brainstem. One patient had Cheyne-Stokes respiration during the late stage of the illness. PMID- 712376 TI - Blue-domed cyst with optic nerve compression. AB - A patient presenting with persistent headache of vascular quality and an intermittently progressive chiasmal syndrome had a blue-domed haemorrhagic cyst beneath the right optic nerve and underwent surgical drainage with good results. As prompt surgical intervention may proivde significant return of visual function, detailed diagnostic evaluation of similar cases is recommended. PMID- 712377 TI - Removal of an arteriovenous malformation from the basal ganglion. AB - A case is reported in which an arteriovenous malformation was removed from a portion of the basal ganglion and region of the lenticulostriate arteries. The patient made an excellent recovery. The importance of stereoangiography and the operating microscope are emphasised. PMID- 712378 TI - Treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula using a balloon-tipped intra-arterial catheter. AB - The use of a balloon-tipped intra-arterial catheter for occlusion of the carotid cavernous fistula seems to be a simple and, by the reports published to date, very effective procedure, and its usage has been without any sequelae. Successful treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulae by this method is reported in two patients. PMID- 712379 TI - Observations on the development of muscle hypersensitivity following chronic nerve conduction blockage and recovery. AB - Agar-sleeves containing 0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02% Tetrodotoxin were placed onto the sciatic nerve of the rat. The time-course of the conduction block and the full recovery of the nerve were studied; correlations were drawn with the hypersensitivity developed on the innervated muscles. The earliest sign of a TTX produced conduction block was a decrease in the amplitude of the faster conducting fibres appearing 3 min later. Complete block was fully established 35 min later. The duration of a complete conduction block was a dose-dependent phenomenon and lasted from 1--4 days. The recovery process was gradual, simulating the reverse pattern of the acute TTX-block but spread over a much longer period with complete conduction recovery occuring 12 to 13 days later. Innervated muscles behaved as paralytic even before the complete establishment of a conduction block and remained so for 2--6 days after which clinical recovery was prompt. Muscles innervated by the TTX-treated nerves developed hypersensitivity to acetylcholine which could be seen within two days. This hypersensitivity continued to increase over the following days, despite some recovery of conduction. Its maximum appeared six to seven days later and then declined to return to normal at the time when nerve conduction properties had fully recovered. A similar degree of partial conduction block when acutely established always resulted in paralysis but when chronically present, the clinical picture of paralysis was fully compensated, due to the hypersensitivity of the muscle and possibly to collateral nerve sprouting. PMID- 712380 TI - Corpus striatum in infants under the age of one year: a quantitative morphological study. PMID- 712381 TI - Neurological manifestations of Paget's disease. AB - The neurological features of 96 patients whose skull and spinal X-rays showed the features of Paget's disease of bone were reviewed. The clinical phenomena were compared with those in another group of patients, identified by having a normal skull X-ray. Cranial nerve lesions and spinal syndromes could be attributed to the Paget's disease in many cases but the evidence did not suggest that other clinical phenomena such as dementia and epilepsy were related to the bony changes. Amongst cranial nerve lesions deafness is certainly attributable to Paget's disease, hemifacial spasm when combined with other signs is probably related, and possibly also trigeminal neuralgia. Basilar invagination can be asymptomatic, but deafness, hemifacial spasm and pyramidal signs were more prevalent in its presence. The importance of reviewing the cause and effect relationship between Paget's disease and neurological problems is discussed in the context of the therapeutic use of calcitonin. PMID- 712382 TI - Multicystic encephalomalacia of infancy: clinico-pathological report of 7 cases. AB - Clinical follow up and complete neuropathological examination was made on seven cases of multicystic encephalomalacia of infancy. Etiological factors were carefully studied in all the cases. They consisted of prenatal injuries presenting as a cord prolapse, in 3 cases; prolonged labour with marked cyanosis; abdominal trauma during gestation, and various maternal infections at different stages of pregnancy. Pathological interest is centred on the variable involvement of different areas of the brain, generally sparing the cerebellum and brain stem, and being minimal or absent in the occipito-temporal areas. This distribution may be explained by a different effect of the "causal agency" on these different areas, or by a different capacity of these regions to react against injury. Among the etiological factors reviewed in the literature, the anoxic theory appears the most probable, as there was a close parallelism between lesions and vascular areas, mainly the carotid and vertebro-basilar systems. PMID- 712383 TI - Peroxidase in ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - Peroxidase determination in leucocyte homogenates of 3 patients with ceroid lipofuscinosis the infantile, late-infantile, and juvenile form, was not different from normal control values. PMID- 712384 TI - Abnormal epinephrine urinary excretion in Parkinsonians: correction of the disorder by levodopa administration. AB - Epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) as well as vanilmandelic acid (VMA) urinary excretion was investigated in 54 patient with Parkinsonism and 29 controls. In Parkinsonians the mean value of NE excretion was normal, while that of E was significantly higher than in controls (P less than 0.001). Analysis of results in terms of age showed that only the patients in the 5th and 6th decades displayed significant increases in E excretion when compared to age-matched controls. No age-group differences were found for NE excretion. VMA was significantly higher in Parkinsonians than in controls. Both in Parkinsonians and in controls VMA excretion correlated significantly with that of NE but not with the E excretion. Ten-day treatment with levodopa (1.5 g/day) of Parkinsonians below the age of 60 was followed by a constant decrease in the excretion of E and a less consistent, nonsignificant increase in the excretion of NE. The abnormality of E excretion noticed in younger Parkinsonians suggests involvement in the pathologic process, of adrenal medulla, the main site of E synthesis. PMID- 712385 TI - Aspergillosis of the central nervous system. AB - Aspergillosis of the central nervous system is rare. The spread to the CNS is usually from the lungs and uncommonly from paranasal sinuses. Four cases of CNS aspergillosis with spread of infection from the paranasal sinuses are described. Two patients had meningitis, one intracranial granuloma and one presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage resulting from a fungal mycotic aneurysm. Difficulties in establishing the diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 712386 TI - Autosomal dominant spinal muscular atrophy: a clinical and genetic study. AB - A clinical and genetic study of 6 kindreds (13 patients) with autosomal dominant spinal muscular atrophy is presented. Evidence is presented to indicate that two separate autosomal dominant genes are involved. One of these causes clinical disease with onset in early childhood (birth--8 years), which is relatively benign and in which proximal selectively of muscle involvement is not marked. A separate autosomal dominant gene causes a disease with onset in adult life (median age 37 years), showing marked initial proximal selectively; this disease may be more rapid in its clinical progression. Penetrance of both genes approaches 100%. Incidence figures are presented; less than 2% of all cases of childhood onset spinal muscular atrophy, but 30% of adult onset cases, are due to an autosomal dominant gene transmitted from an affected parent. Implications for prognosis, diagnosis and genetic counselling are discussed. A review of 11 kindreds of dominant spinal muscular atrophy in the literature is presented. PMID- 712387 TI - Detachable balloon and calibrated-leak balloon techniques in the treatment of cerebral vascular lesions. AB - Of the cerebral vascular lesions that can be treated with intravascular detachable balloon techniques, carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas and vertebro vertebral fistulas have the best results. The great advantage of this technique is that the cerebral blood flow can usually be preserved after the occlusion of the fistula. The authors report 17 postraumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas successfully treated with preservation of the carotid blood flow in 12 cases. None of the patients died, and the morbidity was limited to one case of third nerve palsy. The treatment of aneurysms by this method is, however, much more difficult and dangerous. Of 14 cases treated, seven good results were obtained. Two patients died and two had a poor outcome. The embolization of certain brain angiomas with calibrated-leak balloons using bucrylate promises to be important in the future. PMID- 712388 TI - Decreased mortality from brain abscesses since advent of computerized tomography. AB - No deaths have occurred among 20 consecutive patients with intraparenchyma brain abscesses treated at the University of California, San Francisco, since computerized tomographic (CT) brain scanning became a routine diagnostic procedure (study period: July, 1974, to June, 1977). These patients have been compared to 18 consecutive cases treated without benefit of CT analysis (January, 1970, to June, 1974) in order to determine the factors responsible for the recently improved prognosis. The mortality rate was 44% for all cases and 36% for all operated patients treated before the availability of CT. Similar morbidity (about 33%) was seen in survivors from both series. No significant differences in the two groups were noted with respect to patient population and antibiotic or corticosteroid therapy. Among the factors that may have contributed to the improved results for patients diagnosed with CT are: less frequent occurrence of multiple abscesses, fewer patients with poor preoperative clinical status, and a greater incidence of total abscess removal. In addition, CT scanning provided more accurate diagnosis and localization of abscesses and aided in the rapid detection of postoperative complications that probably accounted for six out of eight deaths in the earlier series. Serial CT studies provide a means to optimize the timing for surgical intervention and plan appropriate medical therapy. It is noteworthy that two patients have been followed by serial CT scans to non surgical cures. PMID- 712389 TI - Microsurgical relationships of the superior cerebellar artery and the trigeminal nerve. AB - Comparison and distortion of the trigeminal nerve by a tortuous and elongated superior cerebellar artery (SCA) is postulated to be a frequent cause of trigeminal neuralgia. This theory and the use of operative therapy in which the offending arterial loop is separated from the trigeminal nerve has created a need for more detailed information on the relationship of the SCA and the trigeminal nerve. In order to meet this need, 50 trigeminal nerves and the adjacent SCA were examined in 25 adult cadavers. Twenty-six of the 50 nerves examined had a point of contact with the SCA, but it was uncommon for the arterial contact to produce distortion of the nerve. In six instances, the contact was at the pontine entry zone of the trigeminal nerve, the site of arterial compression postulated to be associated with trigeminal neuralgia. Four trigeminal nerves (8%) had a point of contact with the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). The fact that large arteries are commonly in contact with the trigeminal nerve is important not only because of the controversial relationship of neurovascular contact to trigeminal neuralgia, but because of the possibility that major vessels may be encountered and injured during rhizotomy and other posterior fossa operations on the trigeminal nerve. PMID- 712390 TI - Treatment of moyamoya disease with STA-MCA anastomosis. AB - Moyamoya disease is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology for which no effective treatment has been found. The authors report the result of 23 superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomoses and seven encephalomyosynangioses, performed on 13 cases with moyamoya disease and on four additional atypical cases. There were 10 children and seven adults in this study. The follow-up period ranged from 1 year and 4 months to 4 years and 1 month postoperatively; nine patients had excellent results, five good, and one fair; two patients were unchanged. The anastomotic procedure was most effective for transient ischemic attacks, reversible ischemic neurological deficits, and even minor or moderate neurological symptoms. The STA-MCA anastomosis appears to be an effective treatment for moyamoya disease. PMID- 712391 TI - Symptomatic subependymoma. Report of 21 cases with review of the literature. AB - Of 48 cases of subependymoma reported to date, 22 were associated with symptoms. In a personal series of 47 additional cases of subependymoma reviewed by the author, 21 were symptomatic. The mean age of patients with symptom-producing subependymomas was 39 years, that is, 20 years younger than that of patients with asymptomatic tumors. Symptoms were most often produced by large tumors, particularly those arising from the septum pellucidum (100%), the floor of the fourth ventricle (65%), and the lateral ventricular walls (55%). The majority of symptomatic tumors displayed the classic gross and microscopic features of subependymomas; however, large tumors more frequently demonstrated cyst formation, microcalcification, and vessel degeneration accompanied by hemorrhage. Of all subependymomas, 15% were microscopically composed of an admixture of classic subependymoma and cellular ependymoma; of these, one-half occurred within the first decade, all were situated in the fourth ventricle, and 80% were symptomatic. In contrast to pure subependymomas, the mortality rate of patients with mixed tumors was 80%, reflecting their growth potential, large size, and dangerous location. PMID- 712392 TI - Immediate correction of sagittal synostosis. AB - A technique for correction of sagittal synostosis with achievement of an immediately pleasing cosmetic result is presented. Even with replacement of bone and no attempt to inhibit bone union, premature reclosure does not occur. Moss' theory of dural tensions is discussed to explain the effect. PMID- 712393 TI - Myelomeningocele before birth. AB - The authors report a study of 92 human embryos and four fetuses with myeloschisis. The characteristics of embryonic myeloschisis compared with spina bifida cystica in infants are: 1) the lesion is often more diffuse, involving the whole spinal cord (12 embryos); 2) the cervical cord is frequently affected (23 of the remaining 80 embryos); 3) holoprosencephaly is frequently associated (18 embryos); 4) meningocele is not found; and 5) hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation are not yet developed. Hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation are found in myeloschistic fetuses. Almost all embryos with diffuse and cervical myeloschisis or with holoprosencephaly are extruded before birth by spontaneous abortion. Absence of meningocele in the embryonic period implies that its appearance is deferred to the fetal period. The development of hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation also seems to be delayed until the fetal period. Our observation implies that myelomeningocele is induced by non-closure of the neural tube, not by rupture once it was closed. "Neural overgrowth" and disturbed "recanalization process" are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of myelomeningocele. PMID- 712394 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull. Case report. AB - A case of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the frontal bone is presented. This lesion is rare in the calvaria. It is a benign condition, and may extend intracranially. Total surgical removal is recommended whenever possible either in one stage or in multiple stages. The operation is comparatively easier in the calvaria than it is in the vertebral column or the long bones, where no more than thorough curettage is usually possible. The fact that this is a definite, readily recognizable pathological entity is stressed. Prognosis is excellent and total removal will effect a cure. PMID- 712395 TI - Blow-in fracture of both orbital roofs caused by shear strain to the skull. Case report. AB - The authors report a case with blow-in fractures of both orbital roofs caused by horizontal shear strain to the skull. The mechanism of the injury is discussed. Ophthalmic symptoms were improved by removal of intraorbital bone fragments and by repair of the orbital roof defects with methyl methacrylate. PMID- 712396 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhage due to ruptured venous aneurysm. Report of two cases. AB - Documented rupture of venous aneurysms associated with arteriovenous fistulas is uncommon, and reports of the formation and rupture of venous aneurysms that are not associated with fistulas are distinctly rare. One case is presented in which spontaneous rupture of a saccular aneurysm on a vessel draining an arteriovenous fistula produced an intracerebral hematoma. A second case in described in which fatal intracerebral hemorrhage was produced by a traumatic aneurysm of an otherwise normal superficial cerebral vein. PMID- 712397 TI - Bilateral intracerebellar calcification associated with cerebellar hematoma. Case report. AB - A case of bilateral intracerebellar calcificaiton associated with cerebellar hematoma on the left side is reported. Clinical and microscopic examination failed to clarify the causes of calcification and hematoma. It is postulated that hemorrhage occurred from time to time through the fragile calcified vessel walls, since some portions of the organized hematoma were composed of massive erythrocytes. PMID- 712398 TI - Computerized tomographic definition of mesencephalic hematoma with evacuation through pedunculotomy. Case report. AB - A 10-year-old boy, who presented with symptoms of a progressive hemorrhagic stroke, had suffered a spontaneous midbrain hematoma. The extent of the clot was detailed by computerized tomography and the lesion was surgically removed through pedunculotomy. PMID- 712399 TI - Surgical treatment of a mesencephalic tuberculoma. Case report. PMID- 712400 TI - Cerebral aneurysm in an infant with fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal arteries. Case report. AB - The authors report a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage in an 11-month-old infant with tragic outcome. Radiological investigation showed an anterior communicating aneurysm, and postmortem examination confirmed the aneurysm to be a so-called "berry" aneurysm. There were also typical signs of fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal arteries. The microscopic findings are discussed. In view of the rarity of both aneurysms and fibromuscular hyperplasia in such a small child, a possible association of these entities suggested by several earlier investigators is reviewed. PMID- 712401 TI - Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomoses in the treatment of a carotid-cavernous fistula. Case report. AB - The treatment of patient with a carotid-cavernous fistula and complete occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery is reported. Bilateral superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomoses were performed to create collateral circulation prior to trapping the fistula. The patient made an excellent recovery. PMID- 712402 TI - Intradural sacral nerve root metastasis mimicking herniated disc. Case report. AB - Spinal tumors may mimic herniated discs but the neurological findings and radiographs usually indicate the correct diagnosis. A case of metastasis to the S 1 intradural nerve rootlets is reported, with symptoms closely simulating a herniated disc. The correct diagnosis could not be made preoperatively in spite of clinical suspicion of a tumor. PMID- 712403 TI - Asymptomatic persistence of infundibularis recessus. Case report. AB - A congenital malformation of the anteroinferior aspect of the third ventricle is described. This anomaly has been found only rarely in anatomical descriptions. The embryological development of the pituitary region is described. PMID- 712404 TI - Outcome index for head-injured patients. PMID- 712405 TI - Kaolin-induced hydrocephalus and central cord canal. PMID- 712406 TI - Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors. PMID- 712407 TI - Malignant transformation of astrocytoma. PMID- 712408 TI - Anterior cervical discectomy. PMID- 712409 TI - Cell membrane permeability and tumor scanning agents: facts and possibilities. PMID- 712410 TI - Critical assessment of celite column chromatography in a multiple steroid radioimmunoassay system. PMID- 712411 TI - The relationship between senile mental deterioration and brain atrophy revealed by echoencephalography. PMID- 712412 TI - Methodological validation of HCS, estriol, estradiol and progesterone radioimmunoassay in pregnancy. PMID- 712413 TI - Perfusion scintigraphy versus pulmonary arteriography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 712414 TI - Evaluation of a new immobilized-antibody radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol: comparison with two previous solid-phase procedures. PMID- 712415 TI - The effects of chronic undernutrition over generations on rat development. AB - Experimental rats were fed 2/3 (10g/24 hours) of adlibitum diet throughout pregnancy and post-weaning, thus far for six generations; their brain and body development was compared with those of controls fed ad libitum (15.5 g/24 hours). As expected from previous reports, neonatal F1 offspring exhibited highly significant decreases in body weight, cerebral wet weight, cerebral DNA and cerebral protein. However, neonatal decreases were not greater in F2 through F6 than in F1 indicating that there was no cumulative effect of this undernutrition on offspring's parameters over generations. Maternal body weight at mating (90 days) and percentage of females that did not litter steadily decreased over generations. The observed high mortality in F1 through F6 and the resulting strong natural selection in favor of best mothers and weanlings could explain these findings. The phenomena contributing to high mortality are multiple and involve maternal factors during pregnancy and before weaning, as well as offspring factors. PMID- 712416 TI - Influence of initial food restriction on subsequent body weight gain and body fat accumulation in rats. PMID- 712417 TI - Protein quality of conventional and high protein rice and digestibility of glutinous and non-glutinous rice by preschool children. PMID- 712418 TI - The relationship of choline and carnitine in the choline deficient rat. AB - Levels of carnitine in choline deficient and choline supplemented rats were measured in heart, skeletal muscle, plasma, and liver after various treatments. A decreased hepatic concentration of carnitine was shown to be closely correlated to the deficiency in dietary choline. No change in the concentration of plasma ketone bodies after a 48 hour fast was observed in the choline deficient rats when compared to choline supplemented controls, even though the level of hepatic carnitine subsequent to the fast was lower in the deficient rats. The concentration of hepatic carnitine was increased to normal values 1.5 hours after a single injection of 100 mumoles of choline, but was not affected by other "methyl" donors. From experiments presented in this communication it is concluded that the increase in hepatic carnitine is probably due to increased transport and uptake of this compound into the liver rather than by "de novo" synthesis. PMID- 712419 TI - Use of -l-ascorbic acid, ethocel coated ascorbic acid and ascorbate 2-sulfate in diets for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. AB - Purified diets with five levels (25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of supplemental L-ascorbic acid (LAA), and equimolar levels of ethylcellulose coated L-ascorbic acid (EAA) and dipotassium L-ascorbate 2-sulfate dihydrate (AS) were pelleted and fed to 7.9 +/- 0.2 g channel catfish fingerlings for 20 weeks. A dietary level of 23 mg/kg of all three forms of vitamin C prevented spinal abnormalities. Approximately 50 mg/kg diet of either LAA or EAA was sufficient for maximal growth and feed efficiency. Growth response to AS was similar to a Michaelis Menten type curve and 200 mg/kg diet of AS was necessary to achieve maximal growth. Blood and liver ascorbic acid levels were positively correlated with supplemental levels of LAA, EAA, and AS up to 200 mg/kg; however, blood and liver ascorbic acid levels of fish fed AS were considerably less than those fed LAA and EAA. Weight gains were positively correlated with blood ascorbate levels up to 7 microgram/ml. No measurable level of AS was detected in blood or liver. These results suggest that the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of AS to LAA or rapid excretion of AS may have been the limiting factor. PMID- 712421 TI - Sulfate metabolism in rat calvaria cultured under vitamin A deficient conditions. AB - The metabolism of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in bone has been found to be altered in vitamin A deficiency. A neonatal rat calvarium model system was used to determine if these changes are related to catabolic defects. Two day old rat pup calvaria were cultured in media containing serum from A- or A+ rats and radiolabeled sulfate or glucosamine. The incorporation of 35S-sulfate into the GAG fraction of calvaria cultured with A- serum for 48 hours was significantly increased compared to the values found in calvaria cultured with A+ serum (A-, 1,970 +/- 300; A+, 940 +/- 177; X +/- SD). The uptake of 35S-sulfate into the GAG fraction of calvaria cultured with A- serum showed continuous increase over 96 hours,whereas, 35S-sulfate uptake leveled off after 24 hours in the A+ group. There was also a significant increase in [14C]glucosamine uptake into the GAG fractions of calvaria cultured with A-serum (A-, 1,966 +/- 537; A+, 1,662 +/- 244; X +/- SD). To determine if the alteration in metabolism of sulfated GAG was in the biosynthetic or degradative pathways, a chase study was performed in which the calvaria were prelabeled with 35SO4. The rate of tissue loss of 35S-sulfate was lower in the total digests and the GAG fractions from calvaria cultured with A- serum than those cultured with A+ serum. Thus, the alteration in the metabolism of the sulfated GAG resulting from A- culture conditions seems to be defect in the degradative process. PMID- 712420 TI - Diet-hormone interrelationships in the rat. AB - Twenty-eight-day old male rats were fed, either ad libitum or in restricted amounts, isoenergetic diets containing 2, 5, 10, 15, 25, or 50% lactalbumin and 5, 11.9, or 21.1% fat for 8 weeks. They were then killed and the plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) were measured. Dietary changes explained most of the variation in the plasma concentrations of T3, T4, insulin, and glucagon but less than 20% of the variation in the plasma concentrations of the adrenal hormones. Dietary protein level was directly related to plasma T4, insulin and corticosterone and inversely related to plasma T3, glucagon, NE, and E. Dietary fat level had its most significant effect on the plasma glucagon concentration to which it was inversely related whereas the most noteworthy effect of a low energy intake was to reduce plasma E and thereby to increase the NE/E ratio. A refeeding study confirmed the effects of dietary protein level on plasma hormone concentrations and showed that the changes in diet-hormone interrelationships in 12-week old male rats have been derived by multiple regression analyses of the data. PMID- 712422 TI - Late effects of premature weaning to different diets in the rat. AB - Female rats were prematurely weaned on the 18th postnatal day to a high fat (HF) or high carbohydrate (HG) diet. Twelve days later they were all given free access to a cereal based stock diet. When aged 10 months, they were all fed an atherogenic diet for the next 2 months and were then killed. Blood cholesterol levels were higher in the HG group at 11 months but not 1 month later. After 2 months of feeding the atherogenic diet, injected 14C-cholesterol disappeared more slowly from the HF group during the first 24 hours after injection but more rapidly during the next 48 hours than the HG group. At that time, serum glucagon levels in the HF group had doubled but remained unchanged in the HG group. Serum insulin levels decreased significantly during that same period in the HF group but not the HG group. Consequently, the I/G molar ratio was lower in the HF than the HG group after 2 months of feeding the atherogenic diet. At 12 months, selected enzyme activities in white adipose tissue and liver did not differ between the two groups, except for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the activity of which was higher in the HG PMID- 712423 TI - The effect of dietary protein depletion and repletion on rat hepatic mixed function oxidase activities. PMID- 712424 TI - The influence of dietary fat and meal frequency on lipoprotein lipase and hormone sensitive lipase in rat adipose tissue. AB - Activities of NaCl-inactivated lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and protamine-resistant hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue, accumulation of carcass fat, and serum triglycerides (TG) were determined in meal-fed (MF) and ad libitum-fed (AD) rats. At each feeding frequency, diets provided total fat as 15 or 30% of calories and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as 2.5 or 11% of calories. The average energy intake of MF rats was 67% that of AD rats. Total weight gained by MF rats was only 60% that of the AD rats. Significantly greater activities of LPL, HSL, and LPL:HSL in adipose of MF rats suggested a greater capacity for fat accumulation which was not realized at the limited energy intake. In AD rats, the percentage of body fat was significantly correlated with LPL:HSL and with serum TG, suggesting that the relative enzyme activities and fat deposition may be influenced by the concentration of circulating TG. Mean body fat of rats receiving the 30% fat diet was significantly greater than that of rats fed 15% fat. Both serum TG and adipose LPL activity were significantly reduced when the diet contained high levels of PUFA. PMID- 712425 TI - Lactate as a precursor of fatty acids in bovine adipose tissue. AB - In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the rates of lactate, acetate, and glucose conversions to glycerol, CO2, and fatty acids by subcutaneous adipose tissue of cattle. To study the pathway for lactate utilization as a carbon source for lipogenesis, the effect of each of four substates (lactate, acetate, pyruvate, and glucose) on the rate of conversion of the other three was determined. The rates of lactate conversion to fatty acids and to glycerol were greater than those for acetate and glucose. Acetate, however, was oxidized to CO2 at greater rates than either lactate or glucose. Acetate was used for fatty acid synthesis at greater rates than pyruvate was less than that from lactate but greater than that from glucose. Acetate additions to the incubation media decreased the synthetic rates from lactate, pyruvate, and glucose. Pyruvate decreased rates of fatty acid synthesis from glucose but slightly (not statistically significant) stimulated synthesis from lactate and acetate. Lactate decreased glucose and pyruvate utilization but had no effect upon that of acetate. Our results clearly demonstrated that lactate can be used for fatty acid synthesis as well as for glycerogenesis by bovine adipose tissue. PMID- 712426 TI - Dissociation between dietary effects on plasma lipid concentration and on plasma lipoprotein distribution in selected rats. PMID- 712427 TI - The metabolic effects of surgical trauma on growing rats. PMID- 712428 TI - Effect of dietary fiber on egg yolk, liver, and plasma cholesterol concentrations of the laying hen. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary fiber source and level on egg yolk, liver, and plasma cholesterol concentrations of White Leghorn laying hens. Initially, dietary fiber levels of 2.05, 4.41, 6.68, and 8.79% furnished mainly by sunflower meal were fed to laying hens for 140 days. In the second experiment, alfalfa meal, ground whole oats, sunflower meal, rice mill feed, or wood shavings was added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet to furnish 2.00% added crude fiber and fed to laying hens for 84 days. Yolk cholesterol decreased 4.39, 10.38, and 13.29% by feeding crude dietary fiber levels of 4.41, 6.68, and 8.79%, respectively, to hens as compared to a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 2.05% crude fiber. Egg yolk cholesterol was significantly decreased by feeding alfalfa meal, oats, sunflower meal, rice mill feed, or wood shavings to laying hens when compared to yolk cholesterol of hens fed the basal diet. The greatest reduction in egg yolk cholesterol was found by feeding either oats or wood shavings. No significant differences were found in plasma cholesterol due to dietary fiber level. Plasma triglycerides decreased and liver cholesterol increased as dietary fiber level increased in diets fed to laying hens. When laying hens were fed alfalfa meal, oats, rice mill feed, or wood shavings, plasma cholesterol significantly decreased. Liver cholesterol increased when hens were fed either alfalfa meal or rice mill feed as the primary fiber source. PMID- 712429 TI - Zinc absorption and metabolism by isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine. AB - An isolated vascularly perfused rat intestine system was utilized to examine various aspects of zinc absorption in an attempt to more clearly examine the mechanisms involved. The lumen was perfused with a modified tissue culture medium containing 65Zn. The vascular system was perfused from the superior mesenteric artery to the portal vein, with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 5% rat serum. The criterion for absorption was the amount of radioactivity transferred to the vascular perfusate. When the intestines were obtained from rats that had consumed a zinc-deficient diet the amount of zinc absorbed increased markedly. Conversely, elevation of zinc status decreased the amount of 65Zn that could be transferred to the vascular perfusate. These data strongly suggest that the isolated, perfused rat intestine retains the ability to exercise homeostatic control over 65Zn absorption. Transfer of infused 65Zn to the vascular perfusate was significantly decreased by aspirin, phytate, and prostaglandin E2. Uptake of 65Zn from the lumen into the intestinal cells was significantly increased by histidine and significantly decreased by phytate and prostaglandin E2. Thus, the isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine appears to be capable of differentiating between the cellular uptake and cell to plasma transfer phases of zinc absorption. PMID- 712430 TI - Vitamin E, antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in experimental atherosclerosis of rabbits. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of large amounts of dietary vitamin E and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in rabbits fed a low-cholesterol, atherogenic diet, and to seek for evidence of lipid peroxidation in the atherosclerotic lesions. Rabbits were fed a purified atherogenic diet, containing butter or the basal diet supplemented with either 1.0% of vitamin E or 0.1% each of BHA and BHT for periods up to 3 years; a negative control group was fed the basal diet with corn oil replacing butter. Aortic and coronary atherosclerosis were more frequent and extensive in rabbits fed either the basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with BHA and BHT than in rabbits fed either the basal diet supplemented with vitamin E or the negative control diet. Dietary vitamin E inhibited atherogenesis by preventing hypercholesterolemia. No evidence of lipid peroxidation was detected in the arterial lesions. PMID- 712431 TI - "Protected" polyunsaturated fatty acid in the diet of the ewe and the essential fatty acid status of the neonatal lamb. AB - A polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement, protected from biohydrogenation in the rumen by a formaldehyde-treated protein coat, was fed to ewes during the last 8 weeks of pregnancy as a possible method of improving the poor essential fatty acid status of the newborn lambs. Significant increases were observed in the concentrations of 18:2 (n-6) in both the cholesteryl ester and phospholipid fractions of the plasma and in the phospholipid fraction of the liver of the lamb at birth. Concomitantly, there were significant increases in 20:4 (n-6) concentrations and reductions in the concentrations of 20:3 (n-9). In addition, the concentration of 18:2 (n-6) in the colostrum of the ewes was increased some eightfold thereby providing a secondary source of this essential fatty acid to the lamb. A marked decrease in erythrocyte fragility was observed in lambs whose ewes had received the "protected" polyunsaturated fatty acid diet. These findings are discussed in relation to the known metabolic roles of essential fatty acids in the animal body, with particular reference to the essential fatty acid status of the lamb at birth. PMID- 712432 TI - Active transport of thiamine by freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Rat hepatocytes were freshly prepared from adult animals using the collagenase perfusion technique. The hepatic transport of thiamine was studied in isolated liver cells. The process was found to be saturable with an apparent Kt of 0.31 mM and a V max of 0.7 mumoles/ml intracellular fluid/5 minutes. However, at higher substrate concentrations, the process proceeded in a linear fashion. Both pyrithiamine and oxythiamine were inhibitory on the hepatic uptake of thiamine, the latter showed much weaker activity than the former. The system required the presence of sodium ions and was sensitive to ouabain. Anaerobic condition and metabolic inhibitors, e.g., 2,4-dinitrophenol, cyanide, and iodoacetate suppressed the uptake rate of thiamine. Addition of ethanol in the incubation medium also caused significant reduction of thiamine uptake. Efflux studies indicated that a portion of intracellular thiamine is readily available for exodus. Chromatographic analyses showed that thiamine was only slightly metabolically altered during the transport process. It is suggested that thiamine is transported into isolated hepatic cells by an active, sodium-dependent process. PMID- 712433 TI - Effects of riboflavin deficiency on the lipids of rat liver mitochondria and microsomes. AB - Weanling male rats were fed a riboflavin deficient diet for 5 weeks and enlargement of the liver mitochondria and discontinuity of the outer membrane were observed. The content of phospholipids was slightly increased in the deficient mitochondria, and decrease in phosphatidylcholine and increase in phosphatidylethanolamine were shown respectively. In comparison with the mitochondria, the content and distribution of phospholipids in microsomes were not affected. The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine in mitochondria and microsomes was remarkably altered by the deficiency, and increases in palmitic and linoleic acids and decrease in arachidonic acid were demonstrated. The incorporation of 32P into diphosphatidylglycerol in mitochondria was reduced by the deficiency. The incorporation into other phospholipids was not significantly altered, whereas the incorporation into the subspecies of phosphatidylcholine was variously affected. By the intraperitoneal injection of riboflavin to the deficient rats, normalization of the mitochondrial size and fatty acid composition of liver mitochondrial lipids was observed. However, decreased incorporation of 32P into diphosphatidylglycerol in mitochondria was not recovered COMPLETELY AT 40 Hours after the injection, and in the mitochondrial lipids linoleic acid was higher and arachidonic acid was lower than respective controls at 60 hours. PMID- 712434 TI - Studies on the factors influencing the hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test. AB - There seems to be a greater variation between laboratories in hydrogen peroxide hemolysis techniques than in other clinical laboratory procedures. In this report, factors influencing hemolytic values were examined and the effect of the combination of these factors on the results was analysed statistically by using the orthogonal array. Factors influencing hemolysis induced by hydrogen peroxide were as follows; the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, temperature in the peroxide reagent when added to the red cell suspension, the red cell concentration in the cell suspension and the addition of charcoal to the reaction mixture. However, addition of charcoal may not be essential to stabilize the hemolytic values and other factors such as keeping blood for 4 hours at room temperature before testing, the difference between investigators, a reaction time 2 or 3 hours and the technique of adding peroxide reagent to the cell suspension, had little effect on hemolysis. The most important factor was the temperature in hydrogen peroxide solution. The estimated hemolytic values by the orthogonal array linearly correlated with the plasma tocopherol levels. PMID- 712435 TI - Relationship between gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism and antivitamin B6 induced convulsions. AB - The correlation between the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism and convulsions by some vitamin B6 antagonists, DL-penicillamine (PeA), hydrazine (Hyd), thiosemicarbazide (TSC) were investigated. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) activities were inhibited during convulsions by three antagonists, and GABA content was not changed by PeA, increased by Hyd and decreased by TSC in mice whole brain. In subcellular fractions of brain, GAD activity was inhibited and GABA content decreased in synaptosomes during convulsions by the above three drugs. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a potent GABA-elevating agent, showed an anticonvulsant property against convulsions by TSC for several hours after the injection of AOAA, but lost this property 16hr after treatment. During the convulsions by TSC 16hr after the AOAA pretreatment, the GABA content in synaptosomes was less than that from the group treated with AOAA alone, though its GABA level was higher than the normal level. From the above results, the GABA content and GAD activity in synaptosomes might be deeply associated with convulsions by B6 antagonists. PMID- 712436 TI - Comparative susceptibility to amylases of starch granules of several single endosperm mutants representative of floury-opaque, starch-deficient, and modified starch types and their double-mutant combinations with opaque-2 in four inbred lines of maize. AB - Starch granules were prepared from kernels of eight single endosperm mutants, brittle-1, (bt1), brittle-2 (bt2), floury-1, floury-2, soft starch, opaque-1 (o1), shrunken-2 (sh2), and sugary-2 (su2), and their double-mutant combinations with opaque-2 (o2) of four inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.), B37, C103, Oh43 and W64A. We compared the susceptibility of various starch granules to Rhizopus glucoamylase and pancreatin. Starch granules of the su2 and su2o2 mutants were digested by amylases much faster than those of the normal counterparts. Starch granules of the bt1, bt2, o1 and sh2 mutants tended to be digested by amylases faster than those of normal maize. Starch granules of double-mutant combinations with the o2 gene were, in general, digested to an extent very comparable to their respective non-opaque single mutant counterparts in each of their four inbred backgrounds. We followed the relative digestion of starch granules by using scanning electron microscopy. Starch granules of endosperm mutants susceptible to amylases showed numerous pin holes on the surface layer and the pores penetrated into the inner layers of the granules during the attack by amylases. In some of the granules the inner portion, which appeared terraced or step-shaped, could be seen. This may be indicative of layered internal structures of the granules. PMID- 712437 TI - Dietary cholesterol influences fasting serum free amino acids in rats fed diets containing different sugars. AB - Fasting serum aminograms were studied in rats fed a commercial stock diet or purified diets supplemented with or without 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate. Sucrose, glucose or fructose served as a carbohydrate source for each purified diet. Accompanied by marked rises in serum cholesterol, the serum amino acid profile of rats fed glucose or fructose diets was modified significantly by dietary cholesterol. On feeding a glucose diet, dietary cholesterol caused decreases in Trp, Thr and Tyr and increase in Pro and Met. However, the concentration of total essential amino acids remained unchanged. Feeding a fructose diet resulted in a significant reduction of the amino acid level in comparison with that observed with glucose. This decrease was routinely compensated by the inclusion of cholesterol in the diet with the concentration of a number of amino acids being increased. Only Trp was decreased by this dietary manipulation. The serum aminogram of rats fed either a commercial stock diet or a sucrose diet was inconsiderably modified by dietary cholesterol. These data denote that dietary cholesterol influences the metabolic process of amino acids and that the response to cholesterol is modified by the carbohydrate source of the diet. PMID- 712438 TI - NIOSH criteria document on fibrous glass. PMID- 712439 TI - Cancer epidemiologic surveillance in the Du Pont company. PMID- 712440 TI - The preplacement medical evaluation of hospital personnel. AB - Preemployment physical examinations necessarily focus on problems bearing on an individual's ability to safely perform in his work setting. A review of 3,599 examinations of prospective hospital workers reveals that the most frequent observations of significance involved susceptibility to communicable disease- specifically, inadequate diphtheria immunization in 52% and inadequate rubella antibodies in 16% of those tested--and the potential for disease transmission, including tuberculin reactivity in 14% and intestinal protozoa in 13 prospective food handlers. Other findings included 14 individuals with positive serological tests for syphilis, but only two of whom required anti-luetic therapy. An additional 14 were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Only 2.3% of those examined were found to exhibit diastolic hypertension at the time of their examination, possibly because of the relative youth of the group studied. PMID- 712441 TI - Chromosome investigations of persons exposed to dimethylcarbamoyl chloride and diethylcarbamoyl chloride. PMID- 712442 TI - Chromosome investigations on workers exposed to styrene/polystyrene. AB - Chromosomes investigations were undertaken on 12 employees with three to 34 years possible exposure to styrene in order to determine if there was a possibility of chromosome impairment. The data did not reveal any significant differences between persons exposed to styrene and members of the control group. The concentrations of styrene at the workplace were far below the MAC value and also the mandelic acid content of the urine was far below the norm. PMID- 712443 TI - Morbidity due to non-poisoning. PMID- 712444 TI - Increased lead absorption in children of workers in a lead storage battery plant. AB - Exposure to toxic materials originating in the workplace has been recognized in families of workers in several industries. However, to date this problem has not been studied in the storage battery production industry. Twenty-seven one- to six year-old children of 22 workers at a storage battery plant at high risk of exposure to lead oxide were compared with 32 one- to six-year-old children in 22 neighborhood control families for evidence of increased lead absorption. Workers' children had significantly higher blood lead (p less than 0.001) and erythrocyte protoporphyrin (p less than 0.003) values than control children. Household exposures to lead in paint and water were similar for the two groups, but workers' homes had significantly higher concentrations of lead in dust (p less than 0.001). It is postulated that lead is brought home on the skin, hair and clothing of the workers and that their children are ingesting or inhaling the lead in household dust. This is the first report of increased lead absorption in children of workers in this industry. PMID- 712445 TI - Magnetite pneumoconiosis. AB - A subject is described who was exposed to fine particles of magnetite (Fe3O4). His chest radiograph demonstrated the presence of multiple small rounded opacities; however, his lung function remained unaffected. PMID- 712446 TI - Who is responsible for occupational health? PMID- 712447 TI - Medical groups protest OSHA proposal regarding access to medical records. Statements of AOMA, AAOM and AMA. PMID- 712448 TI - Movement-selective mechanisms in human vision sensitive to high spatial frequencies. AB - Evidence for motion-selective mechanisms sensitive to high spatial frequencies (e.g., 15 c/deg) was obtained via direction-specific adaptation and measurements of the threshold ratios for moving and counterphase flickering gratings. PMID- 712449 TI - The unspecified role of cones and rods in grating detection: a theoretical note. AB - Detection and resolution thresholds for two 50 ms square-wave gratings (1.5 and 6.7 cps) were determined as a function of background luminance. Results indicated differential cone and rod involvement in resolution of the two targets at low background levels. Implications for other studies employing similar stimuli in terms of retinal inhomogeneity were suggested. PMID- 712450 TI - Spectral response of the human eye. AB - A thermal activation energy of 1.5 eV for the activation of rhodopsin is needed to reduce the rate of thermal activations below the rate of optical activation at the luminance of the absolute threshold. The thermal energy of 1.5 eV is not inconsistent with the optical threshold energy of about 1.8 eV. PMID- 712451 TI - A novel rapid scanning microspectrophotometer and its use in measuring rhodopsin photoproduct pathways and kinetics in frog retinas. AB - A novel rapid scanning microspectrophotometer is described which utilizes a cathode ray tube as a measuring light source. Spectral scanning is accomplished electronically with a sampling time of 600 mus for each waveband. The cathode ray tube emission is chopped electronically into two separate beams, 180 degrees out of phase, resulting in a dual-beam configuration. A lock-in amplifier functions as a coherent detector to recover separately the signals from the two beams. The instrument generates separate voltage outputs, one proportional to the transmittance of a single sample and the other to the difference between two samples. A computer calculates both absorption and difference spectra directly from voltage measurements. A demonstration of the instrument's use to study kinetics of visual pigment photoproducts is presented. Two models of photoproduct sequence and kinetics were examined to determine which better represents the experimental data. The experiments show that environmental factors, such as pH, metabolic and respiratory state, interact in complex ways to determine the pathways and kinetics of photoproducts of rhodopsin in intact vertebrate eyes. PMID- 712452 TI - Luminance-brightness comparisons of LED alpha-numeric sources at suprathreshold levels. AB - An experiment was conducted in which observers adjusted the luminance of 2856 K white comparison source to appear equally as bright as a red, yellow, or yellowish-green LED alpha-numeric source. Although the present CIE photometric system predicts brightness-luminance ratios of 1.0, the ratios obtained in this experiment, for the mean observer, were 1.13 for the yellowish-green, 1.28 for the yellow, and 2.54 for the red. These results demonstrate that there can be substantial differences between photometric luminance based on the V(lambda) function and brightness as perceived visually. PMID- 712453 TI - Use of the waveguide parameter V to determine the difference in the index of refraction between the rat rod outer segment and the interstitial matrix. AB - The difference in the index of refraction between the receptor outer segment and the interstitial matrix has been determined to be 0.06 by making use of the waveguide properties of rat rod photoreceptors. This was done by determining the cutoff wavelength for the transition between the bilobe or annulus modal patterns and the single-lobe H E 11 modal pattern, and by measuring the diameter of the transmitting cell. These measurements were made on bleached receptors. Enoch, Scandrett, and Tobey had previously shown that bleaching only slightly alters the outer-segment index of refraction and diameter in the frog. Assuming interspecies transfer, and using Sidman's prior estimate of bleached rat rod outer-segment index of refraction, then the index of refraction of the interstitial matrix of the albino rat is estimated to be 1.3476. This estimate was made using two different media in contact with the retinal preparation, a miscible mountant tissue culture medium believed to be compatible with the rat retina, and an encapsulating nonmiscible silicone oil which allows only ocular media from the same eye in contact with the outer segments. PMID- 712454 TI - The corneal polarization cross. AB - The corneal polarization cross can be seen at the human cornea using crossed polaroids. The optical mechanisms for this phenomena include rotation and retardation of the light at the surface of the cornea due to the corneal curvature, as well as retardation due to an average circumferential orientation of the birefringent corneal collagen. PMID- 712455 TI - Luminance and opponent color contributions to visual detection and to temporal and spatial integration: comment. AB - King-Smith and Carden have postulated a "luminance system" or achromatic channel in the visual system which has a temporal response better than the other channels, and which also responds to high spatial frequencies better than the other channels. All evidence, both psychophysical and electrophysiological, indicates that these properties are contradictory. PMID- 712456 TI - Renal heat production and sodium reabsorption. PMID- 712457 TI - Creatine kinase in cerebrospinal fluid in children. PMID- 712458 TI - [Simultaneous primary cancers of the layrnx and hypopharynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 712459 TI - [A clinical study of the diagnosis of olfactory disturbance by means of a standard olfactory acuity test (author's transl)]. PMID- 712460 TI - [A case of non-healing granuloma of the nose with small intestinal involvement (malignant reticulosis) (author's transl)]. PMID- 712462 TI - [Investigation on tomographic examinations of the temporal bone. Part II: Cross sectional anatomy of the normal human temporal bones (author's transl)]. PMID- 712461 TI - [Study of vestibular function in pupils of the primary and secondary school in Kangawa Prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 712463 TI - [Vector analysis of auditory brain stem responses (author's transl)]. PMID- 712464 TI - [Quantitative measurements of vocal fold vibration. An ultra-high-speed cinematographic investigation of normal subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 712465 TI - [Evaluation of acoustically evoked slow vertex response (SVR)--mainly with peak latency of SVR (author's transl)]. PMID- 712466 TI - [Diagnostic significance of special hearing test by using discriminant analysis in patients with cerebral apoplexy (author's transl)]. PMID- 712467 TI - [An audiological evaluation method of grading the speech disturbance (author's transl)]. PMID- 712468 TI - [Bacterial isolates from patients with chronic otitis media and changes in their antimicrobial susceptibility with assay inoculum size (author's transl)]. PMID- 712469 TI - [Tonsillectomy and the proteins in urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 712470 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of the postoperative maxillary cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 712471 TI - [A study of articulatory motor function and its variability at the neuro-muscular level (author's transl)]. PMID- 712472 TI - [Psychotherapy of patients with psychosomatic vertigo (author's transl)]. PMID- 712473 TI - Helping the parents of children with malignancy. AB - The parents of children with cancer experience a uniquely stressful situation that poses a profound threat to the equilibrium of the entire family. As health professionals, we recognize, with the parents, that this is a crisis and an ordeal, but that it can be resolved; we mobilize them to broaden their understanding of their situation and find constructive solutions to the problems that develop. For our patients with good prognoses, we hope to ensure a future for the whole family that is as healthy emotionally as it is physically; for those who become fatally ill, we hope to help their families support them and emerge from this experience with new adaptive abilities. Our group program is open to parents of patients who have various diagnoses, with a format that is unstructured and focuses on problems of daily living as well as the possibility of death. We have found that this is an effective approach for the delivery of mental health services to our growing population, early in the course of treatment, and for the identification of families that need ongoing counseling. Our experience with the large number of parents who have participated demonstrates that the program provides the support that the parents need and that it plays a vital role in resolving the problems that confront them as they struggle with this very difficult experience. PMID- 712474 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity in cystic fibrosis and asthma. AB - We studied 113 patients with CF and compared their responsiveness to inhaled methacholine to that of 50 asthmatic children and 26 normal children. Positive responses to MCh occurred in 51% of the patients with CF and 98% of those with asthma. There was a significant correlation between a positive response to MCh in CF and poor pulmonary function. There was no relationship between allergic rhinitis or positive allergen skin tests and a positive MCh response. Dose response curves and time course to MCh challenge differed in CF and asthma. Bronchial hyperreactivity is thus common in CF but is different from that in asthma. PMID- 712475 TI - Bayley-Pinneau, Roche-Wainer-Thissen, and Tanner height predictions in normal children and in patients with various pathologic conditions. AB - Bayley-Pinneau, Roche-Wainer-Thissen, and Tanner height predictions at various chronologic ages were compared with final adult height in 56 normal subjects and in 34 patients with abnormal growth pattern (11 with familial tall stature, 7 with idiopathic precicious puberty, 6 with Turner syndrome, and 10 with primordial small stature or Silver-Russell syndrome). The two recent methods (Roche-Wainer-Thissen and Tanner) gave very accurate results and were superior to the Bayley-Pinneau method in normal subjects and in patients with familial tall stature. However, they overestimated adult height grossly in precocious puberty and moderately in Turner syndrome and in primordial small stature. It is concluded that calculations based on coefficients and regression equations obtained from normal children (as in the Roche-Wainer-Thissen and Tanner methods) can only be used in normal children or in patients with normal growth potential under adequate treatment. Calculations based on percentages of adult height (as in the Bayley-Pinneau method) are preferable in conditions in which the growth potential in relation to bone maturation is inherently reduced and cannot be corrected by treatment. PMID- 712476 TI - Acute renal failure in infants and children: outcome of 53 patients requiring hemodialysis treatment. AB - Fifty-three children, ages one day to 15 years, were treated with hemodialysis for acute renal failure between 1968 and 1977. Twenty-three had acute tubular necrosis. Nine had ATN associated with catastrophic medical illnesses; all died. Fourteen had ATN following major surgical procedures; ten died. Thirty had ARF due to primary nephrologic disorders; 27 survived. Thus it was not the ARF per se but the underlying and concomitant disorders which had the major influences on survival. As prognostic indications of survival in patients with postoperative ATN cannot be clearly defined, these patients almost always deserve aggressive management, including dialysis therapy. Patients with ATN associated with severe medical illness often have fatal underlying conditions which cannot be influenced by presently available technologies. PMID- 712478 TI - A simple method for measuring separate glomerular filtration rate using a single injection of 99mTc-DTPA and the scintillation camera. AB - A new technique for measuring glomerular filtration in each kidney has been developed using a scintillation camera and the 99mTc-DTPA complex. The technique has been applied to 101 children with various uropathies. Correlations with the total and separate creatinine clearance, the HgCl2 uptake test, and the maximal urinary concentration have been good. The reproducibility of the method has been satisfactory in a small number of patients. The test is particularly adapted to children because of its simplicity, reduced trauma, short duration (20 minutes) and low-radiation dose. In contrast to some other radioisotope techniques, it can be carried out in infants. PMID- 712477 TI - Focal glomerulosclerosis in children: correlation of histology with prognosis. AB - The clinical and pathologic data of 32 nephrotic children diagnosed as having focal glomerulosclerosis were retrospectively analyzed to determine what factors were responsible for progression to renal failure in 12 of these children. The patients were classified into three groups based on the histologic findings in their initial renal biopsies: Group I (n = 19) had a combination of global and segmental lesions; Group II (n = 8) had only globally sclerotic or obsolescent glomeruli; and Group III (n = 5) had only segmentally sclerosed glomeruli. Ten of the 12 patients with end-stage renal failure came from Group I and two from Group II. The median period from recognition of symptoms to renal failure was four years. Clinical features were of little prognostic value. However, comparison of the histopathologic data of the ten patients in Group I with renal failure (Group Ia) and Groups Ib, II, and III revealed that the risk of progressing to renal failure was significantly higher in patients having greater than 20% of their glomeruli involved by both global and segmental lesions (P = 0.005). Furthermore, patients in Group I and III had a lower probability of responding to treatment as compared to patients in Group II (P less than 0.025). PMID- 712479 TI - Hyperglycemia associated with the therapeutic use of L-asparaginase: possible role of insulin receptors. AB - A study of four children, two with acute lymphocytic leukemia and two with non Hodgkin lymphoma, treated for three days with L-asparaginase, suggests that insulin receptors may be involved in the hyperglycemia associated with the use of L-asparaginase. Comparison of insulin receptors of circulating monocytes revealed a marked decrease in their number after treatment. This might also explain the lack of response to insulin treatment in one of the patients with symptomatic hyperglycemia. PMID- 712480 TI - Carpal-tarsal osteolysis. AB - A mother-daughter kindred with carpal-tarsal osteolysis and evidence of renal involvement is presented. There was a similarity between the early clinical manifestations of this syndrome and those of rheumatoid arthritis. The distinction made in previous reports between the dominantly inherited form and the sporadic form with nephropathy is questioned. PMID- 712481 TI - The association of chromosome 3 duplication and the Cornelia de Lange syndrome. AB - Two unrelated children with features of the Cornelia de Lange syndrome, including mental retardation, growth retardation, glaucoma, and a similar facies, had duplications corresponding to bands q25 leads to q29 of chromosome 3. These patients were compared to others with duplications of chromosome 3 and to a large series of patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Diseases that sometimes involve characteristic chromosomal changes but have normal chromosomes in other instances are discussed. PMID- 712482 TI - Urinary lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme IV and V in the differential diagnosis of cystitis and pyelonephritis. PMID- 712483 TI - Bacteroides fragilis meningitis in a neonate successfully treated with metronidazole. PMID- 712484 TI - Shigella infection in African and Indian children with special reference to Shigella septicemia. PMID- 712485 TI - Cervicofacial Actinomyces viscosus infection. PMID- 712486 TI - Intravenous infusion of diazoxide in the treatment of chlorpropamide-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 712487 TI - Thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, and reverse tri-iodothyronine concentrations in human milk. PMID- 712488 TI - Myocardial infarction in early adolescence: a possible manifestation of the prolapsing mitral valve syndrome. PMID- 712489 TI - Moyamoya in children with sickle cell anemia and cerebrovascular occlusion. PMID- 712490 TI - Pulmonary hemorrhage and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 712492 TI - Threoninemia--a new metabolic defect. PMID- 712491 TI - Marked hyperbilirubinemia with Gilbert syndrome and immunohemolytic anemia. PMID- 712493 TI - Pneumocephalus: an unusual presentation of a persistent neurenteric fistula. PMID- 712494 TI - Persistent cloaca with absent penis and anal atresia in one of identical twins. PMID- 712495 TI - Acute neuropathic Gaucher disease in a black infant. PMID- 712496 TI - Clinical application of neonatal bilirubin-binding determinations: current status. PMID- 712497 TI - Sodium balance in very low-birth-weight infants. AB - Sodium balance was studied in 17 consecutively admitted neonates weighing less than 1,200 gm at birth. Infants whose gestation was less than or equal to 30 weeks were sicker and were in markedly negative sodium balance on day 3 (-9.25 mEq/kg day), despite a high sodium intake (7.22 mEq/kg/day). This negative balance was the result of a high fractional sodium excretion and resulted in hyponatremia in six (50%) of the patients. By day 8 these immature infants were in positive sodium balance, although fractional sodium excretion and daily sodium requirements remained high. More mature infants (greater than 30 weeks gestational age) were in positive sodium balance on both days 3 and 8. Creatinine clearance did not differ significantly between groups on either day 3 or 8 but increased within each group during the study period. These data suggest that the daily sodium requirement of immature sick infants may be much higher than was previously suggested. PMID- 712498 TI - Commentary: the tragedy of stillbirth. PMID- 712499 TI - Long-term colchicine therapy of familial Mediterranean fever. AB - Familial Mediterranean fever is a disorder characterized by recurrent fever and polyserositis. Continuous prophylactic colchicine therapy has been effective in suppressing attacks in affected adults. From 30 children with FMF, 14 were selected for colchicine therapy. Eight children continued prophylactic colchicine therapy for 29 months (mean) and experienced a marked decrease in the frequency of attacks. Six other children did not comply with the treatment regimen. Although no deleterious side effects were noted, the safety of long-term colchicine administration in childhood is unknown. PMID- 712500 TI - Postcraniotomy diabetes insipidus: treatment with DDAVP, a synthetic analog of vasopressin. PMID- 712501 TI - Aspirin hepatitis associated with encephalopathy. PMID- 712502 TI - Fatal pseudomembranous enterocolitis following oral ampicillin therapy. PMID- 712503 TI - Sodium overload from Karo syrup. PMID- 712504 TI - Liver functions in children receiving carbamazepine. PMID- 712505 TI - Cortical blindness as a complication of hemodialysis. PMID- 712506 TI - Sleep apnea syndrome: diagnosis of upper airway obstruction by fluoroscopy. PMID- 712507 TI - Deficiency of humoral immunity and hypoparathyroidism associated with the Hallerman-Streiff syndrome. PMID- 712508 TI - Sequelae of temporal artery catheterization. PMID- 712509 TI - Leptospiral antibody and MLNS. PMID- 712510 TI - More on translocation carriers. PMID- 712512 TI - Controversies in childhood obesity. PMID- 712511 TI - Management of diabetes insipidus with DDAVP. PMID- 712513 TI - Ataxia-telangiectasia: the primary defect? PMID- 712515 TI - Conservative management of bowel obstruction secondary to aluminum hydroxide. PMID- 712514 TI - Sickle cell disease, G-6-PD deficiency, and jaundice. PMID- 712516 TI - Benign intracranial hypertension with tetracycline therapy. PMID- 712517 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oral cephalosporins. PMID- 712518 TI - The risks of small intestinal transplantation for the recipient: experimental results in young minipigs. AB - In a previous series of 36 small intestinal transplants in young minipigs, a monitoring system, based on a special transplantation model, clinical and histologic criteria has been worked out. The spontaneous evolution was observed and no attempt was made to save the animal when complications on the graft occurred. Most of the animals died. In the present series of 32 small intestinal transplants the monitoring system and explanation criteria are now tested. Twenty three primarily successfully transplanted animals had complications of the graft, i.e., hemorrhagic infarction, deficient arterial circulation, or rejection. Only 1 of the 23 died before explanation could be done. Twenty-two were explanted according to the previously established criteria. Two died of complications not directly related to the graft, the other 20 animals survived for 1-5 mo. All 22 explanted grafts showed irreversible damages both macroscopically and on histologic examination. The present series confirms that early recognition of complications of the graft and timely removal with survival of the recipient animal is possible. This could be an important step forward to the clinical application of small intestinal transplantation in man. PMID- 712519 TI - Antenatal intestinal adaptation with experimental jejunoileal atresia. AB - Jejunoileal atresia without significant shortening of total intestinal length, was created in five date-bred Dorset ewes by devascularizing a 15 cm segment of fetal intestine at 90-100 days gestation. Light microscopy showed mucosal hypertrophy distal to the atresia with almost total obliteration of the lumen by tail, feathery-shaped villi similar to those observed in newborns with jejunal atresia. Scanning electron microscopic views of the proximal mucosa showed the villi to be thicker, more segmented and tended to congregate compared to normal villi and those distal to the atresia. No evidence of microvillus, intracellular or capillary membrane change or injury could be identified to explain the functional secretory state. PMID- 712520 TI - Neonatal meconium obstruction in the ileum without mucoviscidosis. AB - Two newborns with intestinal obstruction of the terminal ileum without mucoviscidosis were cured by Gastrografin enema. A further case of a premature infant showed, at autopsy, a large intestine containing normal meconium, but an ileum which was plugged with tenacious meconium containing PAS-positive and alcian blue-negative mucus. Our 3 cases were similar to cases of "meconium disease" reported by Rickham and of "meconium plug in the small intestine" reported by Emery. The primary cause of this disease lies in the large amount of PAS-positive mucus secreted from goblet cells of the ileal mucosa and the hypertrophy of lymph nodules in the ileal submucosa. PMID- 712521 TI - Low molecular weight dextran and reexploration in the management of ischemic midgut-volvulus. AB - Administration of low molecular weight dextran and reexploration in 36-48 hr, is recommended in cases of ischemic midgut volvulus. Five cases are presented utilizing this technique and many centimeters of small bowel were saved that would have been resected at time of the original exploration. One patient died as a result of sepsis due to central intravenous nutrition: the others are alive and well. PMID- 712522 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy in a child: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of pseudomembranous colitis is presented in a child with multiple medical problems who received intraoperative antibiotics. Despite aggressive medical management and operative intervention, the patient died. All patients who develop diarrhea after receiving antibiotics should be suspected of having pseudomembranous colitis. Sigmoidoscopy and hyaque enema should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and all antibiotics should be discontinued. Aggressive medical management consisting of intravenous fluids, albumin, lactinex granules, fecal enemas, and cholestyramine should be instituted. Surgery should be considered only in the face of perforation, toxic megacolon, peritonitis, and failure of medical management with disease limited to the colon. PMID- 712523 TI - Pancreaticocolonic fistula: a complication of pancreatic pseudocysts in childhood. AB - Two patients had an unusual complication of pancreatitis: pancreaticocolonic fistula, frequently associated with life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage and sepsis. To avoid these complications, early diagnosis is important, but it may be difficult. Treatment consists of external drainage of the pancreatic pseudocyst or abscess and colonic diversion. PMID- 712524 TI - Demonstration of rectourinary fistulas by pressure gastrografin enema. AB - Rectourethral and vesical fistulas in patients with high anorectal atresia can be demonstrated by using a pressure Gastrografin enema through the distal colostomy opening. A technique is described where contrast medium is forced by gentle pressure, filling the fistula and the urethra. This picture is of great value during the repair of these anomalies. PMID- 712525 TI - Surgical treatment of high imperforate anus with definition of the puborectalis sling by an anterior perineal approach. AB - An operative technique in which the sling of the puborectalis muscle is seen through an anterior perineal approach in the treatment of high imperforate anus is described. The operation has been performed, on children with previous colostomies, and on older children with unsuccessful previous abdomino-perineal pull-through procedures. While our series of patients is still small, 24 children, operated upon sufficiently long ago for follow-up purposes, have generally shown good to excellent functional results. PMID- 712526 TI - Constipation caused by anterior location of the anus and its surgical correction. AB - Slight anterior displacement of the anus is a common developmental abnormality that represents the mild end of the imperforate anus spectrum. This malformation is a common cause of constipation. This type of constipation can be cured by posterior anoplasty. An experience is described in 134 cases who were operated upon from 1960 through 1977. PMID- 712527 TI - Villous adenoma of the rectum: a rare tumor in childhood. AB - Villous adenoma of the rectum in a 14-yr-old boy is described, and the clinical features, pathology, and surgical treatment of this condition are reviewed. This appears to be the first reported case in childhood. PMID- 712528 TI - Giant epignathus. AB - The case here described is interesting because of its giant size and because it had the morphology of a head. Immediate removal was followed by uneventful recovery. The term "epignathi" has been used since the last century for teratoid tumors growing from the upper jaw or the roof of the pharynx. These tumors tend to cause obstruction to respiration. PMID- 712529 TI - Salivary gland tumors in children. AB - Tumors of salivary gland origin are relatively uncommon in children. Over a 23-yr period, there were 12 such tumors affecting children under 16 yr of age out of a total 937 cases reported by a central cancer registry. The commonest lesion was the pleomorphic adenoma involving the parotid gland. Wide focal excision seemed to be an adequate procedure as long as the tumor was completely removed. Inadequate excision resulted in multiple local recurrences with the tumor taking on more malignant characteristics. Early radical excision, with preservation of the facial nerve, is advocated. PMID- 712530 TI - Nasal glioma. AB - In this report 12 cases of nasal glioma are reviewed. It is shown that they present in three different ways. The etiology, pathology, differential diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. PMID- 712531 TI - Duodenal ulcer in childhood: a continuing disease in adult life. AB - Thirty-one of the 37 children with duodenal ulcers were available for follow-up. Of the 28 patients treated medically, 22 had persistence of symptoms over periods up to 18 yr after the time of the initial diagnosis. Five patients required surgery elsewhere for complications, thirteen showed ulcer crater or duodenal deformity on a follow-up barium meal studies. Earlier surgery is recommended in chronic ulcer disease. PMID- 712532 TI - Neonatal urinary ascites in the absence of urinary tract obstruction. AB - Urinary ascites in the absence of demonstrable anatomical obstruction has been reported only very infrequently. This paper reports on another case and briefly reviews the literature. PMID- 712533 TI - Anti-refluxing colon conduits for diversion of dilated upper urinary tracts. AB - Ureteral tailoring and colonic conduit urinary diversion were performed in 10 dogs. 2 wk to 2 mo after ureteral ligation. Two to five months after urinary diversion, radiography and postmortem examination revealed reflux in only 11% of the ureters and no evidence of obstruction at the ureterocolonic anastomosis. Pyelonephritis was observed in a lower percentage of animals so diverted, as compared to control kidneys diverted by means of ileoconduits. These results support the use of anti-refluxing colonic conduits for diversion of dilated upper urinary tracts. PMID- 712534 TI - Ureteric polyp as a cause of hydronephrosis in childhood. AB - Obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction from a polypoid lesion is considered to be an exceedingly rare cause of hydronephrosis in childhood. PMID- 712535 TI - Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt migration causing an acute scrotum: a case report of Doppler evaluation. AB - The diagnosis and management of a scrotal complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt simulating testicular torsion in a neonate is outlined. Radiologic evaluation determined the location of the shunt tube and adequate blood flow to the testicle was confirmed by use of the Doppler stethoscope, allowing for definitive therapy by extraperitoneal shortening of the shunt catheter. Surgery to the scrotum was, thus, avoided. PMID- 712536 TI - Glycerin toxicity in an infant following enteric administration. PMID- 712537 TI - Bilateral granulosa cell tumors of the ovaries in infancy. AB - A case of bilateral cystic granulosa cell tumors of the ovaries in an 11-wk-old infant is described. The patient presented with a large abdominal mass, but without sexual precocity. Treatment consisted of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy without subsequent chemotherapy or radiation, and 2 yr follow-up has shown no evidence of recurrence of this tumor. PMID- 712538 TI - Retroperitoneal abscess presenting as an abdominal mass in neonate. AB - This is the first reported case of a retroperitoneal abscess in a neonate. The patient presented with a large abdominal mass at 3 wk of age. Excretory urogram followed by surgery established the diagnosis. Retroperitoneal abscesses must be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses in the new born. PMID- 712539 TI - Intestinal absorption of cholesterol and plant sterols in severe constipation. PMID- 712540 TI - [Recent developments in the field of Cannabis (chemical, pharmacological and therapeutic aspects) (author's transl)]. PMID- 712541 TI - [Water vapor permeability of coating materials. Part II: Influence of plasticizers and dispersed solid materials on the water vapor permeability of free hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose-ethylcellulose films (author's transl)]. PMID- 712542 TI - [Intra- and interspecific protoplast fusion in fungi: a method for industrial strain improvement? (author's transl)]. PMID- 712543 TI - [Of an ophthalmic solution based on cystein (author's transl)]. PMID- 712544 TI - Examination of the enantiomeric purity of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol by thermal analysis. PMID- 712545 TI - New spectrophotometric method for the determination of reducing sugars. PMID- 712546 TI - [Studies on the dissolution test of the solid dosage form. I. Correlation of bioavailability and dissolution rate of isonicotinic acid hydrazide tablet (author's transl)]. PMID- 712547 TI - [Enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. III. Purification and properties of arginine esterase which posesses clotting activity in the venom of Agkistrodon acutus (author's transl)]. PMID- 712548 TI - [Reverse permeation of ions across cellulose membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 712550 TI - [Synthesis and bioactivity of amino acid derivatives. I. Phenylalanine derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 712551 TI - [Studies on pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine derivatives. XI. On 1-phenyl-1H pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile (author's transl)]. PMID- 712549 TI - [Photolysis of halogeno-N-benzyl-beta-phenethylamine derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 712553 TI - [Studies on active principles of tar. VII. Production of biological active substances in pyrolyses of amino acids and antifungal constituents in pyrolysis products of tryptophan (author's transl)]. PMID- 712552 TI - [Studies on active principles of tar. VI. Antifungal constituents in fish meal tar (author's transl)]. PMID- 712555 TI - [Studies on active principles of tar. IX. Production of biological active substances in pyrolyses of amino acids. (3). Antifungal constituents in pyrolysis products of tyrosine (author's transl)]. PMID- 712554 TI - [Studies on active principles of tar. VIII. Production of biological active substances in pyrolyses of amino acids. (2). Antifungal constituents in pyrolysis products of phenylalanine (author's transl)]. PMID- 712556 TI - [Studies on the pharmaceutical quality evaluation of crude drug preparations used in Orient medicine "Kampoo". IV. Behavior of alkaloids in ephedra herb mixed with other crude drugs under decoction processes (author's transl)]. PMID- 712557 TI - [The photodynamic action of anthraquinone derivatives on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): Scission of the DNA chain (author's transl)]. PMID- 712558 TI - [Studies on metabolism of prazepam. III. Metabolic fate of cyclopropylmethyl group of prazepam in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 712559 TI - [Transformation of indole alkaloids. V. Synthesis of C-mavacurine type indole alkaloids, 16-epipleiocarpamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 712560 TI - [Studies on heterocyclic compounds. XLIV. Bromination of 4-methylfuro-(2,3 b)quinoline--synthesis of its derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 712561 TI - [Studies on the constituents of flowers. IV. On the components of the flower of Cornus controversa Hemsl (author's transl)]. PMID- 712562 TI - [Application of high-speed liquid chromatography to analysis of crude drugs: Quaternary alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex (author's transl)]. PMID- 712563 TI - [Organic sulfur compounds. III. The reactions of cis- and trans-1 thioniabicyclo[4.4.0]decane bromide (author's transl)]. PMID- 712564 TI - [Dissolution properties and gastrointestinal absorption of chloramphenicol from hydrophilic high molecular compound coprecipitates (author's transl)]. PMID- 712565 TI - [Studies on benzothiazoline derivatives. II. Syntheses of benzothiazoline derivatives possessing substituent groups at 2- and 3-positions (author's transl)]. PMID- 712567 TI - [Quantitative analysis of ginseng saponins (author's transl)]. PMID- 712568 TI - [Metabolism of iodohistidine. II. Comparative studies on decarboxylation of iodohistidine and histidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 712566 TI - [Influence of simultaneous administration with cadmium and lead on their tissue concentrations and excretion in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 712569 TI - [Studies on the syntheses of chemotherapeutics. V. Synthesis of the pyrazolo-[4,3 f]- and [3,4-f]quinoline-8-carboxylic acid derivatives (studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. DCCLVI) (author's transl)]. PMID- 712570 TI - [Analytical studies on pyrimidine derivatives. II. The coloration of metal ions with 6-amino-5-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 712571 TI - [Analytical studies on pyrimidine derivatives. III. Spectrophotometric determination of iron (II) with 6-amino-5-nitroso-4-oxo-1-phenyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4 tetrahydropyrimidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 712572 TI - [Studies on nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. XXXI. Synthesis and reactivities of 2-bromobenzo[f]quinoline and its related compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 712573 TI - [Studies on the compounds related to azulene. I. Synthesis and antiallergic activity of guaiazulenylglyoxylamides, guaiazulenylglyoxylic acid esters and acylaminoguaiazulenes (author's transl)]. PMID- 712574 TI - [Studies on the compounds related to azulene. II. Synthesis and antiallergic activity of p-(3-guaiazulenyl azo) benzenesulfonamides (author's transl)]. PMID- 712575 TI - [Comparative studies on gastrointestinal damage induced by non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 712576 TI - [Further studies on the leukocytosis promoting activity of parotin. II (author's transl)]. PMID- 712577 TI - [Effects of simultaneous administration with cadmium and lead on the essential minerals and on the drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 712579 TI - [Water of crystallization of berberine chloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 712578 TI - [Application of high-speed liquid chromatography and dual wave-length thin-layer chromatograph-densitometry to analysis of crude drugs: Nucleosides and free bases of nucleic acids in Ginseng roots (author's transl)]. PMID- 712580 TI - [Studies on the prediction of shelf life. III. Moisture sorption of pharmaceutical preparation under the shelf condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 712581 TI - [Purification and some properties of parotin inhibitory factor from rabbit serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 712583 TI - Anticonvulsant and antiproteolytic properties of 3,5-disubstituted oxadiazole-2 thiones and their inhibition of respiration in rat brain homogenates. AB - Eight 5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-arylaminomethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiones were synthesized, characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental analyses, and IR spectra, and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. All substituted oxadiazole-2-thiones possessed anticonvulsant activity, which was reflected by their ability to provide 10--70% protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice at 100 mg/kg ip. These compounds inhibited in vitro nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and NADH by rat brain homogenates as well as NAD independent oxidation of succinate by rat brain homogenates. Antiproteolytic activity of these substituted oxadiazole-2-thiones was reflected by their ability to inhibit trypsin hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin. These results indicated that the inhibition of cellular respiration and antiproteolytic activity of these substituted oxadiazole-2-thiones is not the biochemical basis for their anticonvulsant activity. PMID- 712584 TI - Simultaneous quantitation of morphine and paraben preservatives in morphine injectables. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of morphine sulfate, methylparaben, and propylparaben in morphine sulfate injection was developed. A reversed-phase system, based on an octadecylsilane stationary phase, was used with a binary solvent mobile phase consisting of methanol--phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) containing methanol (5%) delivered at a constant rate (0.6:0.4 ml/min) using a two-pump system. The detector response at 254 nm was linear with the amount injected over a wide range, allowing rapid and reproducible quantitation of each component. PMID- 712585 TI - Pharmacokinetics of morphine and its surrogates I: comparisons of sensitive assays of morphine in biological fluids and application to morphine pharmacokinetics in the dog. AB - A sensitive isotope derivatization assay was developed to quantify morphine in biological fluids in the nanogram per milliliter range. Morphine, derivatized with 3H-dansyl chloride, was separated from the reaction products by TLC. The spots were scraped from the plate, and the eluted radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation. The standard deviations of this morphine assay were +/- 18.6 ng/ml in 100 microliter of plasma and +/- 1.86 ng/ml in 1 ml of plasma. The GLC analysis of pentafluoropropionated morphine in the range of 0--5 ng of morphine/ml of plasma had a standard deviation of +/- 0.46 ng/ml when 1 ml of plasma was taken. Liquid scintillation spectrometric analysis of 14C-morphine had a sensitivity of 1.5 ng/ml of plasma at double the background. There were no significant differences among the liquid scintillation, electron-capture GLC, and radioisotpoe derivatization methods for morphine obtained from the plasma of a dog given 14.00 mg iv of morphine. Morphine conjugates were assayed as morphine after the acid hydrolysis of plasma and urine preextracted to remove unconjugated morphine, and the equivalence of various methods was demonstrated to monitor plasma and urine pharmacokinetics in a dog. PMID- 712582 TI - Rheology of pharmaceutical systems: oscillatory and steady shear of non-Newtonian viscoelastic liquids. AB - A comparative analysis of oscillatory and steady shear rate measurements was made on carboxymethylcellulose solutions of two concentrations and two viscosity grades. In the oscillatory methods, the material is examined under nearly quiescent equilibrium conditions. Steady shear, conversely, produces large deformations and may yield false results, often interpreted as thixotropy, if the shear rate experiment is not conducted properly. Solutions of carboxymethylcellulose at concentrations ordinarily used in drug product formulations were examined by oscillatory and steady shear methods at low shear. Viscoelastic properties of pharmaceutical materials were measured using a newly developed oscillometric instrument. Mathematical expressions, formulated on the basis of a generalized Maxwell model for viscoelasticity and viscosity in steady shear, were correlated using these two rheological test methods. The results showed large increases in viscosity and relaxation time with increasing carboxymethylcellulose concentrations as well as with increasing molecular weights of the polymeric solute. The behavior of carboxymethylcellulose under both oscillatory and steady shear agreed with theory, linking the two methods of testing. Applications in pharmacy to this rheological analysis are presented. The present investigation attempted to bridge the gap between oscillatory and steady shear methods, demonstrating how both can find appropriate use in the analysis of non-Newtonian materials of pharmaceutical importance. PMID- 712586 TI - Influence of food and fluid ingestion on aspirin bioavailability. AB - The influence of test meals and accompanying fluid volume on aspirin bioavailability from commercial tablets was determined following single oral doses to healthy male volunteers. Plasma aspirin and salicylate levels were determined simultaneously using a GLC end-point. Area analysis indicated that approximately 5--8% of absorbed drug entered the systemic circulation as unchanged aspirin in nonfasted subjects compared to 16--18% in fasted individuals. Food tended to reduce the appearance rate of aspirin into the circulation, resulting in lower and somewhat more sustained levels than with fasting. Plasma salicylate levels were not influenced markedly by the various treatments, although levels were higher in fasted than in nonfasted subjects during the 1st hr after dosing. After this time, fat pretreatment tended to produce higher levels than other treatments. PMID- 712587 TI - Synthesis of oximes, aziridines, and allyl alcohols derived from substituted 1 phenyl-1-nonen-3-ones as potential cytotoxic and antitumor agents. AB - A number of nuclear-substituted 1-phenyl-1-nonen-3-one oximes were synthesized. Reduction of several of these compounds with lithium aluminum hydride yielded the corresponding 1-phenyl-2,3-epiminononanes, shown by 100-MHz NMR spectroscopy to be the cis-geometrical isomers. When several ring-substituted 4 dimethylaminomethyl-1-phenyl-1-nonen-3-ones were treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride under forcing conditions, the product isolated was the corresponding oxime. Reaction under mild conditions led only to the isolation of the Michael addition product of the oxime in low yield. Reduction of some nuclear substituted 4-dimethylaminomethyl-1-phenyl-1-nonen-3-ones with sodium borohydride led to the formation of the corresponding allyl alcohols, and the products were shown by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy to be the threo-isomers or, alternatively, a mixture of erythro- and threo-isomers. Reaction of phosphoric acid with one of the substituted allyl alcohols led to a diolefin, shown by NMR spectroscopy to be a mixture of (E, E)- and (E, Z)-isomers in a ratio of 65:35. PMID- 712588 TI - Effect of antineoplastic and cytotoxic Mannich Bases derived from conjugated styryl ketones on mitochondrial respiration in rat liver cells. AB - Five cytotoxic Mannich bases (5-dimethylamino-1-substituted phenyl-1-penten-3 ones), three having antineoplastic activity, were evaluated for respiratory inhibiting properties in rat liver mitochondria in the presence of four substrates: succinate, glutamate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and palmitylcarnitine. Four compounds (Ib--Ie) showed significant inhibiting properties which, on occasion, were reversed partially by coenzyme Q10. Evaluation of the spectra of the mitochondrial cytochromes indicated that Ib--Ie blocked the electron transport chain prior to the sequence of cytochromes. Since inhibition occurred when different substrates were used, a common site of action for Ib--Ie is likely; competition of Ib--Ie with coenzyme Q10 probably occurs. Compounds Ia--Ie inhibited RNA polymerase from Swiss mouse kidney cells but were virtually bereft of activity versus RNA polymerase from L-1210 leukemia cells. Polarography of the Mannich bases and the related styryl ketones showed that antineoplastic activity was associated with higher half-wave potentials. PMID- 712589 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of 1-(hydroxyphenyl)-1-nonen-3-ones and related compounds for antineoplastic and antimicrobial activities. AB - Some 1-(hydroxyphenyl)-1-nonen-3-ones, the corresponding Mannich bases, and O benzoyl esters were synthesized. Evaluation of these derivatives against murine P 388 lymphocytic leukemia indicated that, while the hydroxyphenyl styryl ketones and related esters were devoid of significant anticancer activities, etherification of the nuclear hydroxyl group gave compounds with a discernible increase in mean survival time. The hydroxyphenyl styryl ketones showed marked potencies against two pathogenic fungi and one, yeast, while the corresponding ethers had diminished activities and the related esters were virtually devoid of antimicrobial activities. Two Mannich bases showed similar spectra of antimicrobial activities as the phenols and, in particular, were active against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Saccharomyces uvarum. PMID- 712590 TI - Effect of diphenhydramine on methaqualone metabolism: an in vitro study. AB - A GLC assay to quantitate the methaqualone metabolite 2-methyl-3-(2 hydroxymethylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone was developed. Standard curves were linear, and recovery of the metabolite from tissue homogenates averaged 89%. In vitro metabolism of methaqualone by the 10,000Xg supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenate was measured by monitoring metabolite formation with the GLC assay. Diphenhydramine inhibited the in vitro metabolism of methaqualone. The percentage inhibition increased with increasing diphenhydramine concentration. The significance of this inhibition in relation to use and abuse of methaqualone- diphenhydramine combinations is discussed. PMID- 712591 TI - Radioimmunoassay of oxfendazole in bovine, equine, or canine plasma or serum. AB - A simple radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of oxfendazole in plasma. Oxfendazole N-1(3)-valerate was coupled to polylysine via a carbodiimide reaction, and antiserum was developed in rabbits after inoculation with oxfendazole--polylysine conjugate. The assay was developed so that oxfendazole could be measured directly in a 0.1-ml aliquot of diluted or undiluted plasma. With the developed procedure, 200 pg of oxfendazole/ml of plasma can be determined quantitatively. Cross-reactivity was determined for closely related compounds and metabolites. The method was used to determine plasma concentration- time profiles in dogs and calves. PMID- 712592 TI - Temperature and surfactant dependence of accumulation of 4-aminoantipyrine and ethanol in fish. PMID- 712593 TI - Radioimmunoassay for psychotropic drugs I: synthesis and properties of haptens for chlorpromazine. AB - For the development of radioimmunoassay procedures for chlorpromazine and its active metabolites, three chlorpromazine haptens, 7-(or 8-)(3 carboxypropionyl)chlorpromazine, N-(3-carboxypropionyl)desmethylchlorpromazine, and N-(2-carboxyethyl)desmethylchlorpromazine, were synthesized and characterized by GLC--mass spectrometry, PMR spectrometry, and IR spectrophotometry. Each hapten was coupled to bovine serum albumin, and the number of hapten residues per mole of bovine serum albumin was calculated by UV spectrophotometric methods. Antibodies to each hapten--protein conjugate were obtained in rabbits, and titers of the antiserums were checked by evaluating their binding characteristics to tritiated chlorpromazine. PMID- 712594 TI - Radioimmunoassay for psychotropic drugs II: synthesis and properties of haptens for tricyclic antidepressants. AB - For the development of radioimmunoassay procedures for tricyclic antidepressants, two drug haptens were synthesized for each of the two amitriptyline- nortriptyline and imipramine--desipramine groups. In one case, nortriptyline or desipramine was treated with succinic anhydride to yield N-(3-carboxypropionyl) derivatives; in the other case, the haptens were novel N-(2-carboxyethyl) derivatives. The hapten and its corresponding ester were characterized by GLC- mass spectrometry, PMR spectrometry, and IR spectrophotometry. Each hapten was coupled to bovine serum albumin, and the number of hapten residues per mole of bovine serum albumin was determined by UV spectrophotometric methods. Antibodies to each hapten--protein conjugate were developed in rabbits, and titers of the antiserums were checked by evaluating their binding characteristics to tritiated drug. PMID- 712595 TI - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a drug interaction between kaolin--pectin and clindamycin. AB - The effect of a kaolin--pectin antidiarrheal suspension on the bioavailability of orally administered clindamycin was evaluated by model-dependent pharmacokinetic techniques. Each subject's serum clindamycin concentration--time data in the absence of the kaolin--pectin suspension were fitted to a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption and lag time. The resulting disposition parameters were used to construct individual Wagner-Nelson absorption profiles, expressed as the cumulative relative fraction of clindamycin absorbed versus time following combined antidiarrheal--antibiotic therapy. For each subject, absorption persisted to varying degrees through 14 hr. On the average, the half time for absorption was prolonged 20-fold (from about 16 min to more than 300 min). In contrast, extrapolation of the individual time courses of relative absorption to infinity revealed that the antidiarrheal had no effect on the extent of clindamycin absorption. PMID- 712596 TI - Influence of kaolin--pectin suspension on digoxin bioavailability. AB - The effect of a kaolin--pectin suspension on the bioavailability of orally administered digoxin was evaluated when both drugs were given concomitantly and when their time of administration was separated by 2 hr. Coadministration of the antidiarrheal with the cardiac glycoside delayed absorption of the latter and, at the same time, decreased by 62% the amount of drug absorbed. Intersubject variation in digoxin bioavailability also was increased more than twofold. When the kaolin--pectin suspension was given 2 hr before the cardiac glycoside, the digoxin absorption rate was not affected, although its relative extent of absorption was reduced by about 20%. In contrast, when the antidiarrheal was given 2 hr after digoxin, neither the rate nor the extent of absorption of the cardiac glycoside was perturbed. No change in the intersubject variability in digoxin bioavailability was noted whether the antidiarrheal was given 2 hr before or 2 hr after the cardiac glycoside. PMID- 712597 TI - Pentobarbital absorption from capsules and suppositories in humans. AB - Serum pentobarbital levels following administration of the sodium salt as a 100 mg capsule orally and as two 120-mg suppository formulations (A and B) rectally were measured. From these data and previously determined kinetic constants after intravenous administration, the absorption rates and bioavailability of pentobarbital from each dosage form were determined. All three dosage forms were 100% absorbed. Peak serum pentobarbital levels occurred at 1, 4, and 10 hr for the capsule, Suppository A, and Suppository B, respectively. In vitro studies agreed with the serum data in that Suppository A released drug in an in vitro aqueous pH 1.4 system at a much greater rate that Suppository B. The capsule and Suppository A both appeared to be absorbed by simple first-order processes; however, Suppository B had a complex absorption pattern, which was modeled using sequential zero-order and first-order absorption. PMID- 712598 TI - Nonisothermal aqueous calorimetry: computation of process-dependent temperature change and aspects of calorimeter design. AB - A general method for determining the process-dependent (intrinsic) temperature change in a nonisothermal calorimeter is presented. The nonisothermal approach to calorimetric investigations requires an estimate of the magnitude of the process independent (extrinsic) temperature change during the reaction period. The proposed method can be applied to any calorimeter whose output is a discrete or continuous temperature--time profile. It is based on a first-derivative transformation of the temperature--time profile and the partitioning of the observed temperature variation into two components: pure extrinsic variation, which occurs outside the reaction period, and the combined extrinsic and intrinsic effects during the reaction period. Close examination of the pure extrinsic variation was considered essential, since it provided the basis for identifying the form of a descriptive mathematical function consistent with the observed extrinsic behavior. Once a suitable function was selected, parameters for the equation were determined through a linear regression procedure. The resulting equation was used to predict the extrinsic variation within the reaction period. Subtraction of predicted extrinsic variation from the observed total variation and integration over the time course of the experiment provide an estimate of the process-dependent temperature change. The differential approach was examined for processes performed in a calorimeter of simple design. Aspects of calorimeter design and advantages of the proposed method of data analysis are discussed. PMID- 712599 TI - Application of immersional calorimetry to investigation of solid-liquid interactions: microcrystalline cellulose-water system. AB - A comprehensive characterization of the specific solid-liquid interaction for microcrystalline cellulose and water is presented. The procedure consisted of a conjoint vapor adsorption and immersional wetting experiment. The following information was obtained with respect to the solid. Estimates of the total surface are (138 m2/g) and the external surface (9.2 m2/g) were calculated from the adsorption and immersion data, respectively. Existence of an energetically homogeneous surface was verified by a linear decrease in the heat of immersion of samples containing adsorbed moisture approximately up to monolayer capacity. Integral and differential free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes accompanying the adsorption process were calculated, and a lack of swelling was substantiated by comparison with a similar study of cellulose fibers. Immersional hysteresis was observed, and its magnitude suggested that sorption hysteresis was of enthalpic as well as entropic origin. The experimental method is potentially valuable for routine characterization of hydrophilic powders. PMID- 712600 TI - Glass formation in barbiturates and solid dispersion systems of barbiturates with citric acid. AB - Glasses were prepared from a number of barbiturates. The viscosities and glass transition temperatures of the glasses were dependent on the structure of the groups present on the C-5 and N-1 atoms. Solid dispersions were prepared from three selected barbiturates formulated with citric acid. The glass transition temperatures of these systems indicated that a 1:1 molar ratio complex was formed between the two components and that intermolecular bonding was stronger in the complex than in the individual components. PMID- 712601 TI - Improved spectrophotometric determination of antazoline. AB - A simple, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric determination of antazoline salts was developed by improving the ceric sulfate procedure. Replacement of water with acetic acid for the preparation of all assay solutions permitted reproducible measurements of the chromogen that absorbed at 505 nm. An appreciable increase in color stability was attained by the controlled addition of perchloric acid to the ceric reagent prior to interaction with antazoline at room temperature. Evidence is provided to account for the oxidation of antazoline at the expense of a complex ceric species. Other 2-imidazolines or phenylephrine did not interfere with the investigated color reaction. In addition to the high value of the chromogen molar absorptivity, ideal adherence of color absorption to Beer's law permitted accurate and reproducible estimation of antazoline over the 1--10-microgram range. The procedure was applied to the analysis of different antazoline dosage forms. PMID- 712602 TI - Effect of formulation and process variables on bioequivalency of nitrofurantoin I: preliminary studies. AB - Fifty-two combinations of nitrofurantoin were developed to assess the effect of dosage form type, particle size, diluent, and process on in vitro availability. With the official procedure and conditions, dissolution rates fell in a 66-fold range. Statistical analysis of the dissolution rates indicated no significant differences as a result of particle size, processing method, or compression force. The diluent choice and dosage form type significantly influenced the dissolution rate. Based on in vitro screening, six formulations presenting a broad range of dissolution rates were selected for further study relating to human bioavailability and bioequivalence. PMID- 712603 TI - Effect of formulation and process variables on bioequivalency of nitrofurantoin II: in vivo-in vitro correlation. AB - Based on preliminary in vitro evaluation, six formulations presenting a broad range of dissolution rates were selected for bioequivalency determination in a randomized complete block crossover. In vitro-in vivo correlations were developed relating cumulative percent dissolved to cumulative percent excreted. These correlations appear to be useful for comparing different formulations as well as different batches of the same formulation. PMID- 712604 TI - Evaluation of an oral prolonged-release antibiotic formulation. AB - The antibiotic cephalexin was formulated as an oral prolonged-release tablet and evaluated by in vitro dissolution testing as well as in vivo in 10 human subjects. Comparisons were made of the time course of the blood levels among the prolonged-release formulation, the commercially available capsule, and intravenous administration. Even though lower peak blood levels were attained in the prolonged-release tablet, absorption continued for at least 6 hr. Comparison with in vitro dissolution data showed that absorption was dissolution rate limited. Bioavailability comparisons showed that the prolonged-release formulation was completely available, as was the commercial oral capsule. PMID- 712605 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of 8-hydroxycarteolol in plasma and urine using electrochemical detection. AB - Assay of 8-hydroxycarteolol (a metabolite of carteolol) was achieved using high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Plasma or urine samples alkalinized by addition of a sodium carbonate solution were extracted with ethyl acetate or chloroform. The residues from evaporation of the organic extracts were redissolved in pH 2.1 phosphate buffer, and the solutions were chromatographed on a Partisil 10 SCX chromatographic column. The detection of 8 hydroxycarteolol was accomplished using an electrochemical detector. The procedure is rapid, specific, and highly sensitive. Reproducible results can be obtained, with relative standard deviations from analysis of replicate samples within +/- 8%. With 1-ml samples, the lower quantifiable concentrations of 8 hydroxycarteolol in plasma and urine are approximately 5 and 25 ng/ml, respectively. PMID- 712607 TI - Drug resistance studies with topical antiseptics. AB - Species of Proteus, Serratia, and Pseudomonas became resistant to chlorhexidine after five to eight transfers in vitro. Cross-resistance to benzalkonium chloride also was detected. Resistance to povidone-iodine was not encountered. Chlorhexidine resistance was stable after drug-free transfers of Serratia and Pseudomonas but was transitory for Proteus. PMID- 712608 TI - Aspirin stability in solid dispersion binary systems. AB - The stability of aspirin in its solid dispersion with urea or povidone was investigated at two accelerated storage conditions. The observed aspirin degradation in both systems followed the first-order rate equation. The water sorption ability of the two carriers as well as the alkalinity imparted by urea could possibly be the most important factors responsible for the observed acceleration of aspirin decomposition. The results also showed that the temperature effect was more pronounced than the humidity effect. Generally, coprecipitated samples exhibited slightly higher degradation rates than physically mixed ones. PMID- 712606 TI - Simultaneous programmed temperature GLC assay of phenol, chloroxylenol, and lidocaine hydrochloride in topical antiseptic cream. AB - A simultaneous programmed temperature GLC assay for the active ingredients in a topical antiseptic cream is described. The sample is extracted directly using a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of p-cresol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2-amino-4 phenylthiazole as internal standards for phenol, chloroxylenol, and lidocaine hydrochloride, respectively. The resulting solution is chromatographed by temperature programming on an OV-225 column from 90 to 225 degrees. The internal standard calculation is accomplished using peak heights or peak areas. The relative standard deviation of all assays is less than 2%. PMID- 712609 TI - Odoratin and paucin: cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from Baileya pauciradiata (Compositae). AB - An ethanol extract of Baileya pauciradiata exhibited cytotoxic activity against the human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx and the lymphocytic leukemia test systems. Two constituents responsible for this activity were isolated and identified as odoratin and paucin. Their identities were proven by IR, PMR, and mass spectral data; elemental analysis; preparation of their acetates; and melting-point determinations. Odoratin was confirmed by comparison with an authentic sample. PMID- 712610 TI - Determination of phenylpropanolamine salts in dosage forms through fluroescent derivative formation. AB - Phenylpropanolamine was determined by measuring its fluorescent fluorescamine derivative. The method is rapid, sensitive, and easily automated. Statistics are presented for an effervescent cold product, and recovery data are presented for other commercially available products. PMID- 712611 TI - Thimerosal determination by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive and useful high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of intact thimerosal was developed. This method is extremely fast and reliable, and its inherent specificity makes it a breakthrough over other common wet chemical methods. PMID- 712613 TI - Determination of flucytosine in tablets by differential pulse polarography. AB - A differential pulse polarographic assay was developed for determining flucytosine in tablets. The drug is extracted from the sample with water and hydrochloric acid and, after the pH is adjusted, an aliquot is added to the cell and the solution is polarographed at the dropping mercury electrode versus the saturated calomel electrode with 0.066 M Sorensen phosphate buffer (pH 5.6) as the supporting electrolyte. The polarographic peak height enables precise quantitative determination. The Ep value for flucytosine is--1.54 v versus the saturated calomel electrode. The mean recovery of the drug is 101.5% +/- 1.9 (SD). The method is simple, rapid, and precise. PMID- 712612 TI - Hypotensive effect induced by a cyclic dopamine analog, trans-4-methyl-7,8 dihydroxy-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydrobenzo[f]quinoline. AB - The antihypertensive effects of trans-4-methyl-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b octahydrobenzo[f]quinoline, a dopamine agonist, were investigated in dogs and spontaneous hypertensive rats. Intravenous administration of low doses of this cyclic analog of dopamine (0.25--1.00 microgram/kg) consistently reduced blood pressure and heart rate, concurrently recorded in the dog. This effect was antagonized by haloperidol, a specific dopamine antagonist. The dopamine analog also reduced systolic blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats. This study confirmed the possibility that the decrease in blood pressure and heart rate elicited by the dopamine analog is attributable to an effect on specific dopaminergic receptors. PMID- 712614 TI - Effects of pharmacological intervention on infarct size following induced myocardial infarction in rats. AB - Several therapeutic agents that alter infarct size were administered to rats with myocardial infarcts induced by electrocauterization. The myocardial tissue damage and infarct size correlated well with the creatine phosphokinase myocardial band activity, and these markers were utilized to assess the action of the therapeutic agents on myocardial tissue damage. Hyaluronidase, insulin, potassium chloride, and isoproterenol increased myocardial tissue damage whereas heparin and prednisolone administration resulted in decreased myocardial tissue damage after induced myocardial infarction in rats. PMID- 712615 TI - Rapid GLC determination of chlordiazepoxide and metabolite in serum using on column methylation. AB - A rapid GLC method was developed for the assay of chlordiazepoxide in serum. After chlordiazepoxide was extracted with ether, it was methylated with trimethylanilinium hydroxide in the injection port and detected by electron capture. The assay is simple and sensitive and can be automated for large-scale clinical analysis. PMID- 712617 TI - The effects of anthopleurin-A on cardiac dynamics in conscious dogs. AB - The effects of anthopleurin-A (AP-A), a selective cardiotonic drug, on cardiac dynamics in intact, awake animals were examined. Dogs were instrumented in order to record left ventricular pressure, the derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), arterial pressure left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters, cardiac output, left atrial pressure and heart rate. Left ventricular pressure, dP/dt, stroke volume and cardiac output were significantly increased (16, 46, 37 and 23%, respectively) by AP-A. AP-A significantly diminished heart rate 9 beats/min and left ventricular end-systolic diameter 1.9 mm. Mean arterial pressure, mean left atrial pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter were unaltered by AP-A. Autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol did not alter these responses on the myocardium qualitatively. Thus, it appears that AP-A has a direct positive inotropic effect on the myocardium in conscious animals with little or no effect on the peripheral circulation. PMID- 712616 TI - Centrally mediated protective effects of dopamine agonists on digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 712618 TI - Doxorubicin: inotropic effects and inhibitory action on ouabain. PMID- 712619 TI - The effects of verapamil and lidocaine on the automatic depolarizations in guinea pig ventricular myocardium. AB - Rhythmic automatic depolarizations (RAD) were produced in guinea-pig papillary muscles depolarized to membrane potentials at which depolarizations depend on membrane currents passing through the slow channel. Verapamil depressed the RAD and decreased their overshoot. These verapamil effects were dependent on its concentration either in the bath (in vitro) or in plasma and myocardium (in vivo). Increase in [Ca++] counteracted the effects of verapamil on RAD. Lidocaine concentrations ranging from 4 to 16 mg/l had no effect on overshoot and only a slight effect on the rate of RAD. We conclude that RAD are more sensitive to nonlethal and presumably therapeutic concentrations of verapamil than to high, presumably toxic, concentrations of lidocaine. PMID- 712620 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of UM-272 on myocardial ischemia in the canine heart. PMID- 712622 TI - Relationship between the direct inhibitory effect of hydralazine and propildazine on arterial smooth muscle contractility and sympathetic innervation. PMID- 712621 TI - Selectivity and steric effects of metoprolol isomers on isolated rabbit atria, arteries and tracheal muscles. PMID- 712623 TI - Dithiothreitol-induced alterations of blood pressure, vascular reactivity and aortic microsomal calcium uptake in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Dithiothreitol, a potent sulfhydryl reducing agent, depressed systolic blood pressure to a greater extent in genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Dithiothreitol depressed the contractile response to norepinephrine and potassium chloride of isolated aortic strips from both SHR and WKY. Dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoid acid, a sulfhydryl oxidizing agent, restored the responsiveness of rat aortic strips to these contractile agents. Microsomes isolated from rat aortae sequester calcium in the presence of ATP. This activity, generally referred to as calcium-pump activity, has been postulated to function in smooth muscle relaxation, and is significantly depressed in aortic microsomes of the SHR. Dithiothreitol (10 mM) greatly increased and dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (100 micrometer) decreased the ATP dependent calcium pump activity of microsomes isolated from both SHR and WKY aortae. These observations indicate that sulfhydryl groups may influence systems involved in vascular reactivity and blood pressure regulation. PMID- 712624 TI - The sources of calcium for acetylcholine-induced contractions of dog tracheal smooth muscle. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions of dog tracheal smooth muscles were studied in order to determine the sources of Ca++ for these contractions become diminished with time at all drug doses and experiments with 45Ca indicate that this phenomenon is related to the efflux of Ca++ from the muscle. This efflux of Ca++ consists of two components, a loosely bound and a tightly bound Ca++ source, and is dependent upon the dose of drug. At low doses of ACh (less than 10(-6) M) loosely bound Ca++ plays a greater role and tightly bound Ca++ a lesser role than at higher drug doses. Verapamil, a blocker of depolarization-dependent Ca++ influx, inhibits ACh contractions at low drug doses but has no effect at higher doses. These results indicate that the sources of Ca++ for ACh contractions of the trachea are dependent upon the drug dose. At low doses of ACh (less than 10( 6) M ACh) depolarization-dependent Ca++ influx is involved in musch of the contraction. At the higher drug doses a tightly bound Ca++ source and a depolarization-independent, loosely bound Ca++ source account for the contractions. PMID- 712625 TI - The effects of ouabain and alterations in potassium concentration on the sensitivity to drugs and the membrane potential of the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig and rat vas deferens. AB - Previous work has suggested partial depolarization of the smooth muscles cells to be an important factor in the post junctional supersensitivity induced in the guinea-pig vator in the post junctional supersensitivity induced in the guinea pig vas deferens by chronic denervation or decentralization. The present experiments were undertaken to explore, under acute in vitro conditions, the relationship between membrane potential changes and sensitivity in the vasa deferentia of guinea pigs and rats. The results indicate that sensitivity was altered whenever resting potential was changed by 7 to 10 mV. The results also indicated that considerable electrophysiologic differences exist between the smooth muscles of the guinea-pig and rat vas deferens. Notably, ouabain or lowered external potassium caused a partial depolarization of the guinea-pig, but not the rat, vas deferens. The results, especially when combined with evidence that the rat vas deferens does possess a considerable amount of (Na+-K+) adenosine triphosphatase, which is ouabain-sensitive, indicates that under the conditions of these experiments the Na pump is electrogenic in the guinea-pig, but not the rat, vas deferens. PMID- 712626 TI - Effects of norepinephrine, dopamine and potassium on tension and 45Ca fluxes in canine and rabbit renal arteries. AB - The action and interactions of three vasoconstrictors, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and elevated potassium ion (K+) on contractile responses and associated 45Ca movements were investigated in isolated rabbit and canine renal arteries (RA). Dose-response curves indicate that NE is 39 times more potent than DA in canine RA and 122 times more potent in rabbit RA. Prior exposure to 80 mM K+ did not prevent contractile responses to NE or DA but, conversely, K+ -induced responses did not occur after exposure to NE or DA. Responses to NE persisted after maximum DA-induced contractions but only a small response to DA was observed after a maximum NE-induced contraction. After 30 to 60 min in either a O Ca or a O-Ca plus 0.05 mM EDTA solution, contractile responses were differentially inhibited (K+ more than DA more than NE). Efflux of 45Ca into a O Ca plus EDTA solution was qualitatively similar in canine and rabbit RA. Addition of K+, DA or NE decreased the rate of 45Ca efflux in both RA; phentolamine abolished the NE-induced decrease and had no effect on the K+-induced decrease. The observed decrease in 45Ca efflux may reflect an inward shift of 45Ca from membrane binding sites. The mechanisms by which this effect is obtained appear to differ for K+, DA and NE. The differing actions of NE and DA cannot be explained solely by variations in potency at a singel type of receptor. PMID- 712627 TI - The effects of exogenous norepinephrine on ventilatory mechanics in the rat. AB - The effects of intravenous administration of norepinephrine on ventilatory mechanics were assessed in the anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rat. Pulmonary resistance, dynamic compliance and functional residual capacity remained unchanged during a 10-min infusion period. After paralysis, repetition of the norepinephrine infusion caused an increase in static deflation recoil pressure at lung volumes above the tidal range but maximum expiratory flow rates at corresponding lung volumes were not increased indicating an elevation in the resistance of upstream airways. Flow rate responses to low density gas breathing were not enhanced by norepinephrine suggesting peripheral airways narrowing as the cause of the increased upstream resistance. Isoproterenol protected animals against serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction whereas norepinephrine augmented the response to serotonin. It is concluded that in intact rats norepinephrine increases the flow-resistive properties of peripheral airways, does not measurably alter the caliber of central airways and possesses no discernible bronchodilator activity. The effects of norepinephrine on small airways appear to be secondary to changes in pulmonary hemodynamics rather than the result of direct stimulation of alpha adrenoceptors in airway smooth muscle. PMID- 712628 TI - The effects of arachidonic acid on erythropoietin production in exhypoxic polycythemic mice and the isolated perfused canine kidney. AB - The ability of arachidonic acid (AA), the bisenoic prostaglandin precursor to stimulate erythropoiesis and erythropoietin (Ep) production in exhypoxic polycythemic mice and the programmed isolated perfused canine kidney was investigated. Arachidonate in the lowest dose tested (50 microgram/kg i.p.) maximally stimulated erythropoiesis when administered to exhypoxic polycythemic mice. Kidneys from dogs made hypoxic for 4 hr at 0.42 atm pressure were perfused (2--3 ml/g/min, 37 degrees C) in a closed circuit system for 5 hr with blood from nonhypoxic donors. AA infusion (80 microgram/min) caused a significant (P less than .05) increase in erythropoietic activity of the perfusate as measured by the percentage of 48-hr 59Fe incorporation into red blood cells of exhypoxic polycythemic mice per milliliter of perfusate from an initial value of 1.66 +/- 0.50% to 6.05 +/- 0.96% over the 1st hr of infusion whereas vehicle controls showed no change. To determine whether this increase in Ep production was dependent on biosynthesis of renal prostaglandins and their intermediates, the ability of indomethacin to block AA-induced Ep production was studied. When kidney donors were twice pretreated with indomethacin 12 hr and immediately before their hypoxic exposure, no increase in Ep titers were seen during AA infusion. These results support the hypothesis that endogenously synthesized prostaglandins, their intermediates and/or other products of AA metabolism, such as prostacyclin and prostaglandins play an important role in the control Ep production. PMID- 712629 TI - Pirbuterol, a selecttve beta2 adrenergic bronchodilator. AB - Pirbuterol, 2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxy-2-tert butylaminoethyl)pyridine, is a new beta2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilator. Comparison of the relative potencies of pirbuterol, salbutamol and isoproterenol as relaxants of isolated guinea-pig tracheal muscle and as positive chronotropic agents in isolated guinea-pig atria indicate that the relative selectivity of pirbuterol for pulmonary as opposed to cardiac tissue is 9 times greater than that for salbutamol and some 1500 times greater than that for isoproterenol. Pirbuterol is effective by the oral, intravenous and inhalation routes of administration. In conscious guinea pigs, pirbuterol antagonizes both histamine- and acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction and "microshock" anaphylaxis; combinations of pirbuterol and theophylline cause additive effects against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. In conscious dogs, the cardiovascular effects of pirbuterol are clearly distinguished from those of salbutamol, in that salbutamol causes a more pronounced tachycardia. In anesthetized dogs the cardiovascular effects of pirbuterol and salbutamol are comparable; they are less potent than isoproterenol and have less pronounced although longer lasting effects. PMID- 712630 TI - Beta adrenergic stimulation of protein carboxymethylation and amylase secretion in rat parotid gland. AB - Protein carboxymethylase (S-adenosyl-l-methionine:protein-O-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.24) transfers methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to protein carboxyl groups. This cytosolic enzyme is found in highest concentration in secretory tissue and methylates membrane proteins. Stimulation of the parotid gland by catecholamines rapidly and reversibly increases protein carboxymethylase activity and methyl acceptor capacity of proteins in parotid homogenates. Isoproterenol was effective at concentrations causing amylase release in vivo and in vitro. Both enzyme activity and methyl acceptor capacity of proteins increased within 5 min, continued to increase for 30 min and then declined to control values within 60 min. The response to isoproterenol was stereospecific. The action of isoproterenol could be blocked by the beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol, while the alpha adrenergic agonist phenylephrine did not stimulate the enzyme or increase methyl acceptor proteins. Methyl acceptor proteins have been partially characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although many proteins in the parotid are methylated, only two groups of methylated proteins increase after stimulation by isoproterenol. PMID- 712631 TI - Analysis of the bradykinin response in dogs and its antagonism by analgesic drugs. AB - Dogs respond to bradykinin (triacetate) by struggling, vocalizing, and/or biting. In 128 dogs used twice, the threshold dose of the peptide increased more than 2 fold, while its onset and duration of action were unchanged. In both trials, the frequency distribution of the threshold dose was not normal; struggling occurred alone or with vocalization and/or biting in 95% of the animals in the first trial and in 96% of the animals in the second trial. In assaying analgesic drugs for antibradykinin activity, multiples of the threshold dose of the peptide were given after oral administration to compensate for tachphylaxis. The oral ED50 values (95% confidence limits) were 0.80 (0.50--1.06) mg/kg for d-amphetamine, 1.20 (0.63--2.57) mg/kg for indomethacin, 1.90 (0.50--6.48) mg/kg for methadone, 15.0 (8.0--30.9) mg/kg for phenylbutazone and 50.0 (20.0--120.0) mg/kg for acetylsalicylic acid. ED50 values for d-proproxyphene, codeine, meperidine, pentazocine and ethoheptaxine by the oral route could not be determined. The intravenous ED50 (95% confidence limits) of meperidine was 0.80 (0.30--1.90 mg/kg. The antibradykinin model in dogs is sensitive to orally administered acetylsalicylic acid-type analgesic compounds which may be a reflection of their prostaglandinsynthetase inhibiting properties. PMID- 712633 TI - Effects of natural pyrimidines and of certain related compounds on the spontaneous activity of the mouse. AB - Uracil and perhaps other natural pyrimidines may effect the level of arousal of the mammalian brain since: 1) heterocyclic 6-membered rings, which resemble uracil, form part of the structure of many hypnotics; and 2) 6-azauracil (and its riboside) have shown to be hypnotic for several mammalian species, including man. The parenteral administration of uridine, 6-azauridine, cytidine or thymidine depressed the spontaneous activity of adult male C-57 mice. 6-Azauridine was much less potent than the other ribosides tested. Cytosine, barbituric acid, 2 thiobarbituric acid, 2,4-dihydroxypyridine and a variety of pyrimidine catabolites had no effect on activity. Thymine, uracil, 6-azauracil, barbital and phenobarbital increased activity at lower doses and decreased activity at higher ones. 6-Azauracil and uracil were about equally potent as stimulants of activity, but 6-azauracil had about twice the potency of uracil as a depressant of activity. Thymine, which was more active than uracil, had about 10% the potency of barbital, both as a stimulant and as a depressant of activity. For thymine and the two barbiturates the ED50 (for depression of activity) was of the same magnitude as the LD50, while the dose which caused 50% stimulation of activity was about an order of magnitude less than the LD50. These results suggest that the barbiturates might affect arousal by simulating the structure of thymine or uracil at some receptor. PMID- 712632 TI - Enhancement of morphine analgesia and brain levels by methamphetamine in mice. AB - Methamphetamine and morphine were approximately equipotent in producing analgesia in mice using the tail-flick assay. The ED50 for morphine analgesia was significantly reduced when 3.2 mg/kg of methamphetamine was given 5 or 60 min before morphine. Methamphetamine pretreatment increased the peak effect but did not alter the duration of morphine analgesia. Enhancement of morphine analgesia was apparent when methamphetamine was given up to 60 min before morphine and it did not coincide with analgesia produced by methamphetamine alone. Brain levels of morphine were found to be significantly higher in methamphetamine- compared to saline-pretreated mice, at times when enhanced analgesia was observed. Further studies showed that morphine brain levels were increased by methamphetamine pretreatment in an apparent dose-dependent manner. The analgesia observed at several morphine brain levels was compared in order to determine whether enhanced analgesia resulted from increased morphine brain levels. Methamphetamine administration 5 or 60 min before morphine shifted the log morphine brain level response curves for morphine analgesia to the left and the morphine brain level at a given percent analgesia was significantly lower in methamphetamine- than in saline-pretreated mice. In addition, methamphetamine pretreatment enhanced methadone analgesia but had no effect on methadone brain levels. PMID- 712634 TI - Chronic chlordiazepoxide and pentobarbital interactions on punished and unpunished behavior. AB - Dose-effect curves were determined in rats for the effects of drugs on punished and unpunished responding maintained by fixed-interval schedules of food presentation before, during and after the drinking of large daily doses of chlordiazepoxide and pentobarbital. An average intake of 50 mg/kg/day of chlordiazepoxide produced tolerance to the rate-decreasing effects of chlordiazepoxide on unpunished responding and cross-tolerance to the rate decreasing effects of pentobarbital. During chlordiazepoxide drinking, rate increasing effects of both chlordiazepoxide and pentobarbital on punished responding became apparent. There was no evidence for cross-tolerance between chlordiazepoxide and chlorpromazine. An average intake of 100 mg/kg/day of pentobarbital produced similar evidence of tolerance to the rate-decreasing effects of pentobarbital on unpunished responding and cross-tolerance to the rate decreasing effects of chlordiazepoxide. Removal of chlordiazepoxide from the drinking water temporarily increased unpunished responding; however, 6 weeks after withdrawal of chlordiazepoxide or pentobarbital from the drinking water, the dose-effect curves for injections of these drugs appeared to be returning to their original positions. PMID- 712635 TI - Hypothermia and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pancuronium in the cat. AB - We tested the effect of hypothermia on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pancuronium in the cat. In 14 cats given pancuronium, 120 microgram/kg i.v., we found that neuromuscular block lasted between 2.5 and 3.0 times longer at 29 degrees C (N = 5) than at 34 degrees C (N = 5) or 39 degrees C (N = 4). The apparent plasma elimination half-life was 46 +/- 7 min (S.E.) at 29 degrees C as compared to 21 +/- 2 and 25 +/- 6 min at 34 and 39 degrees C, respectively. The volume of distribution of the central compartment and total volume of distribution at steady state were less at 29 and 34 dgrees C than at 39 degrees C. Total plasma clearance was 4.3 +/- 0.4 ml/kg/min at 29 degrees C and 10.7 +/- 0.9 and 10.9 +/- 1.5 ml/kg/min at 34 and 39 degrees C, respectively. The reduced plasma clearance resulted at least in part from a markedly reduced biliary and urinary excretion of pancuronium at 29 degrees C as compared to 34 and 39 degrees C. In four other cats, the plasma concentration of pancuronium was correlated with depression of twitch tension under steady-state conditions. The ED50 of pancuronium (plasma concentration required for a 50% depression of twitch tension) was 0.035 and 0.073 microgram/ml at 29 and 38 degrees C, respectively. We conclude that a pancuronium neuromuscular block is prolonged at 29 degrees C because of an increased sensitivity of the neuromuscular junction to pancuronium and delayed biliary and urinary excretion. PMID- 712636 TI - The comparative potency and pharmacokinetics of pancuronium and its metabolites in anesthetized man. AB - To determine the potency of pancuronium and its metabolites, 3-OH-, 17-OH- and 3,17-OH-pancuronium, cumulative dose-response curves were determined in five anesthetized patients with each drug. Pancuronium (ED50 = 0.041 mg/kg) was 2 times more potent than 3-OH-pancuronium (ED50 = 0.082 mg/kg), 50 times more potent than 17-OH-pancuronium (ED50 = 2.0 mg/kg) and 54 times more potent than 3,17-OH--pancuronium (ED50 = 2.15 mg/kg). In 21 other patients, one equipotent dose of either pancuronium or one of its metabolites was given as an i.v. bolus. Onset time and duration of neuromuscular blockade from 3-OH- and 3,17-OH pancuronium did not differ significantly from that of pancuronium; 17-OH pancuronium had a shorter duration of action than did pancuronium. Although pancuronium tended to have a slightly longer elimination half-life, the pharmacokinetics of the four drugs did not differ significantly. The elimination half-lifes were 110, 68, 73 and 71 min for pancuronium and its 3-OH, 17-OH and 3,17-OH derivatives, respectively. We conclude that although pancuronium is more potent than its 3-OH, 17-OH and 3,17-OH metabolites, the pharmacokinetics of these three metabolites do not differ from each other and from that of pancuronium. PMID- 712637 TI - Metabolism of amphetamine after acute and chronic administration to the rat. AB - The distribution of amphetamine (AMPH) and its hydroxylated metabolites p hydroxyamphetamine (POHA), p-hydroxynorephedrine (POHNOR) and p hydroxyamphetamine glucuronide (POHAG) in various tissues was studied after acute and chronic administration of AMPH to rats. After intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of [3H]AMPH, tissue [3H]AMPH levels increased rapidly to a maximum within 15 to 20 min of administration and then declined biphasically [(t1/2 = 0.5--0.9 hr for the distribution phase (alpha) and 5--9 hr for the elimination phase (beta)]. Tissue [3H]POHA levels and liver [3H] POHAG levels also increased rapidly and then declined exponentially (t1/2 = 4--10 hr for POHA), while tissue [3H]POHNOR increased gradually and declined with a half-life of 18 to 24 hr. The distribution of [3H]AMPH and its 3H-metabolites after a single dose of [3H] AMPH changed significantly after chronic administration of amphetamine. [3H]AMPH content in tissues of chronically treated rats was significantly greater 30 min after [3H]AMPH administration than that observed in tissues of animals not previously treated with AMPH. The disappearance of [3H]POHA from liver and [3H]POHNOR from heart was accelerated and the disappearance of [3H] POHAG from liver was slowed in chronically treated animals relative to controls, while the half-life of [3H]AMPH was unchanged in these animals. Tissue content of both AMPH and POHNOR 12 hr after the last of six doses of AMPH was significantly greater than that observed after a single dose, suggesting that significant accumulation of both compounds occurs during chronic AMPH administration. These studies suggest that the changes in the distribution of AMPH and its active metabolites which occur during chronic AMPH administration might be involved in the altered behavioral response to AMPH observed during such chronic administration. PMID- 712638 TI - First-pass effect of norethindrone in rabbits and rats. AB - The influence of the route of administration on the pharmacokinetics of the synthetic progestogen norethindrone was studied in the rabbit and rat. In the rabbit, the area under the curve (AUC) after oral administration was 54% of that after i.v. administration. In the rat, the AUC after administration into the hepatic portal vein was 32% of AUCi.v.; after oral administration the AUCoral was 13.7% of AUCi.v. and 57.6% of AUCportal. Therefore, in both the rabbit and rat norethindrone is subject to a first-pass effect. Using the technique of constant withdrawal of blood from the hepatic portal vein after drug administration into the gastrointestinal tract, it was shown the norethindrone is metabolized in the gut wall. Hence, in the rat at least, there are both intestinal and hepatic components of the overall first-pass effect. In addition, increasing the time of intraportal injection from 15 sec to 2 min (thereby reducing the rate of drug delivery to the liver) resulted in the AUC being reduced by 40%. Dose-dependent kinetics were observed with doses of norethindrone greater than 500 microgram/kg. PMID- 712640 TI - Effect of acute diuresis on the renal excretion of phenacetin and its major metabolites. PMID- 712639 TI - The metabolism and active excretion of the hypoxanthine by the renal tubules in the chicken. AB - Infusion of [14C]hypoxanthine into one renal portal circulation of the chicken resulted in an excess of [14C]uric acid excreted into the urine from the infused side kidney. No [14C]hypoxanthine appeared in the urine from either kidney. When the renal metabolism of [14C]hypoxanthine was inhibited by xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors, almost no excess 14C-label appeared in the urine of the infused side suggesting that formation of nephrogenic urate plays an important role in the tubular excretion of hypoxanthine. A comparison of the effects of inhibitors on the renal excretion of preformed urate and nephrogenic urate suggests the existence of a p-aminohippurate-independent transport step for purines at the luminal membrane of the renal tubular cell. Studies with transport inhibitors suggest that the active transport step is anionic in character. PMID- 712642 TI - Investigation of a dopaminergic mechanism for regulating oxytocin release. AB - The isolated hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) of male rats was incubated with putative neurotransmitters in vitro to determine their significance in regulating oxytocin release. Dopamine was found to inhibit the spontaneous release of oxytocin from the HNS in a dose-related manner. The maximum inhibition produced by dopamine (10(-9) M) was significantly different from control values and was blocked by haloperidol (5 x 10(-5) M). Apomorphine (10(-9) M) mimicked the effect of dopamine on this system. The type of receptor involved in the inhibitory effect on oxytocin release is unclear, although a dopaminergic mechanism in vivo. When levodopa plus carbidopa were injected into male rats, the gland content of oxytocin in these animals was significantly increased over control values. When a similar dosage regimen was employed with pregnant rats beginning on day 16 of gestation, levodopa plus carbidopa delayed the average delivery time 12 hr. The results of these studies are also consistent with a dopaminergic mechanism for the regulation of oxytocin release. PMID- 712641 TI - The rates of interaction of local anesthetics with sodium channels in nerve. AB - Voltage clamp experiments were carried out on Rana catesbiana nodes of Ranvier in order to test predictions regarding the relationship between local anesthetic lipid solubility and the rate of development of and recovery from frequency dependent increments of sodium channel block. Contrary to expectations, the drugs of greater lipid solubility than lidocaine showed slower rates of development of frequency-dependent block and, in addition, induced longer rather than shorter memories for recent frequency-depent increments in channel block. Relaxation time constants for bupivacaine (50 micrometer), etidocaine (15 micrometer) and tetracaine (0.7 micrometer) measured 50, 8 and 8 sec, respectively, compared to shorter time constant of 2 sec for lidocaine (250 micrometer). Rate constants were calculated for binding to channels in both open and closed states. Open channels displayed a 130- to 6000-fold greater affinity for the local anesthetics than did closed channels, verifying an important feature of the "modulated receptor" hypothesis. In addition, binding to closed channels was enhanced by holding the membrane at more depolarizing potentials, which favored the development of inactive channel states. The exceptionally large binding constants of lidocaine for interactions with both closed and open channels cannot be attributed to its lipid solubility characteristics alone. PMID- 712643 TI - Effects of chronic marihuana use on integrated plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels. AB - Integrated plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were determined for 13 healthy adult males before, during and after a 21-day period of marihuana use. No significant relationships were found between antecedent or concurrent marihuana smoking and integrated plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels. All values for all subjects obtained during the entire study were within normal limits for healthy adult males. PMID- 712644 TI - Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents: regulators of the phagocytic secretion of lysosomal enzymes from guinea-pig neutrophils. AB - Several nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents were evaluated for their capacity to modulate phagocytosis by and lysosomal enzyme secretion from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. During cell contact with and phagocytosis of serum-treated zymosan particles, guinea-pig neutrophils demonstrated a selective extracellular release of lysosome granule-associated beta-glucuronidase and acid protease but not cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. Ketoprofen, suprofen, diftalone, benoxaprofen and Abbott 29590 inhibited particle uptake by and lysosomal enzyme release from neutrophils incubated with zymosan in Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium containing 7.5 mM glucose, pH 7.4, AT 37 degrees C. Flazalone and sulindac were inactive. In the presence of cytochalasin B, an agent which inhibits phagocytosis while having no effect on the selective discharge of lysosomal enzymes, ketoprofen, suprofen, diftalone, benoxaprofen and Abbott 29590 continued to inhibit the release of beta glucuronidase and acid protease from neutrophils. An investigation of the properties of guinea-pig neutrophil acid protease activity revealed a pH optimum of 3.5. Activity was inhibited by diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester and p hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid. Sulfhydryl inhibitors, chelating agents and soybean trypsin inhibitor had no effect on neutrophil acid protease activity. These studies indicate that certain nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents may function as regulators of the phagocytic secretion of lysosomal enzymes from neutrophils; and that these neutrophils contain an acid protease which resembles an enzyme known to mediate tissue destruction in several inflammatory diseases. PMID- 712645 TI - Effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha on the immunologic release of mediators of inflammation from actively sensitized guinea-pig lung. AB - Histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) were released from actively sensitized guinea-pig chopped lung fragments (100 mg) in a concentration dependent manner by 0.2 to 100 microgram/ml of antigen. Individual variation between lungs in the proportion of the total histamine released by antigen (20 microgram/ml) showed a normal frequency distribution (n = 95). The effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on the release of histamine and SRS-A was examined. Indomethacin (0.03--13 micrometer), racemic 6-chloro-alpha methylcarbazole-2-acetic acid (0.03--3 micrometer) and sodium salicylate (0.8--8 micrometer) stimulated histamine release by high concentrations of antigen (more than 10 microgram/ml) but had no effect at low concentrations of antigen. These agents stimulated the release of SRS-A at all antigen concentrations tested. In contrast, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (0.04--42 micrometer) had no effect on the release of histamine but inhibited the release of SRS-A. Histamine release was stimulated by exogenous PGF2alpha (0.01--1 micrometer) in lungs which had control releases in the 25th percentile of the frequency distribution, but was unaffected by exogenous PGE2 (0.01--10 micrometer). In the presence of blockade of PG synthesis by indomethacin (13 micrometer), the stimulatory effect of PGF2alpha was enhanced while PGE2 antagonized the stimulatory effect of indomethacin. These results suggest that 1) histamine and SRS-A release from guinea-pig lung is regulated in part by the de novo synthesis of prostaglandins and 2) that SRS-A synthesis and release is influenced by a metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by a metabolic pathway other than cyclooxygenase. PMID- 712646 TI - Transfer of beta blocking drugs from the amniotic fluid to the fetal and maternal circulation. PMID- 712647 TI - [Studies on righting reflexes in newborn cats falling in the air (author's transl)]. AB - The classical righting reflexes have been well illustrated in the familiar example of a falling adult cat, which always lands deftly on all four feet. It, however, has never been clear when newborn animals come to turn themselves in the air after birth. In the present studies the newborn cats were dropped in the air with legs pointed upward from a height of about 30 approximately 40 cm, and the observations were continued for the period of 36 days. The results were as follows: 1. The newborn cats fell plump on their back when they were dropped with legs pointed upward in the air. 2. No righting reflexes were observed in the cats of 27 days and downward. 3. The eyelids (rima palpebrarum) of the cats came to be open on the 8th approximately 14th after birth. 4. The cats which were suggested to obtain full eyesight judged from the observations of their behaviours had no visual righting reflexes when dropped with legs pointed upward. 5. The walking pattern of the cats changed in association with their growth. For the period of 20 days after birth the type of locomotion was creeping, for the period of 21st approximately 26th plantigradation, and after the 26th approximately 27th digitigradation. 6. It has been concluded that the righting reflexes as compound reflexes are never observed in the experimental cats for about one month after birth even though the cats have obtained each postural reflex, i.e. tonic neck or labyrinthine reflex which constitutes righting reflexes. PMID- 712648 TI - Linguistic negation in autistic and normal children. AB - Young, severely maladaptive autistic children with some speech competence were compared to normally developing 3-year-old children of lower and middle class and 5-year-olds of lower class on negation tasks. All subjects were shown 12 sets of cards depicting negative contrasts designed to elicit semantic categories of nonexistence, denial, and rejection and were tested for production, imitation, and comprehension. Syntactic and semantic analysis revealed that autistic children were superior imitators and poor producers but showed skills in comprehension comparable to a 4-year-old's level of functioning. While retarded in some functions, the experimental group produced syntactic structures that were more rigid, suggesting the significantly greater use of imitation as a major strategy in linguistic coding. PMID- 712649 TI - Toward a differentiation of descriptive and psycholinguistic language models: perceptual and orthographic/phonological analysis of spelling strategies. AB - Linguistic concepts of the principles and rule systems composing language are instantiated in the models known as grammars. These grammars, typically generative in format, are descriptions of those representatives of universal rule processes found in the particular language being described. Many psycholinguists are now becoming concerned with how to determine to what extent such formal descriptive language models also embody psychologically valid descriptions of speaker processes. It is this issue to which the current article is addressed. The psycholinguistic validity of a language model may be studied by experimental investigation of the degree to which speaker behaviors follow the patterns dictated by linguistic theory. In this article, English phonology, specifically the nature of phonological units in internalized phonological representations, was chosen as the area for study. The choice was made because English phonology is particularly well described by the standard theory, and because this theory contains explicit predictions about how English speakers' phonological knowledge will be realized in their control of English orthography, e.g., in spelling. The present article discusses a series of studies designed to determine whether speakers' spelling behavior follows the supposed patterns of phonological competence, wherein any divergences may lie, and to what processes they may be attributed. The results of the studies suggest the necessity for differentiating a formal description of English phonology from a psycholinguistic model. PMID- 712650 TI - Psycho-socio-biological correlates of moderate overweight in an industrial population. PMID- 712652 TI - Artificial pacemaker patients. Treatment outcome and Foulds' P.D. Scale. PMID- 712653 TI - Artificial pacemaker patients. Treatment outcome and I.P.A.T. Anxiety Scale. PMID- 712651 TI - Cardiovascular changes associated with stress during hospitalization. PMID- 712654 TI - Patterns in the relationship of life events and psychiatric symptoms over time. PMID- 712655 TI - Ability of biochemical and personality variables in discriminating between high and low physical fitness levels. PMID- 712656 TI - Ego strength and body image in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 712657 TI - Life stress, depression and anxiety: internal-external control as a moderator variable. PMID- 712658 TI - Parenting attitudes: the role of personality style and childhood long-term illness. PMID- 712659 TI - Incorporation of 3H-ADP by polynucleotide phosphorylase into RNA chains directed by ultraviolet-irradiated T2 DNA. PMID- 712660 TI - Chromosome aberrations of the peripheral lymphocytes in rabbits exposed to single and fractionated whole-body X-irradiations. PMID- 712661 TI - Immune responses in irradiated mice. I. Radiosensitivity of antibody response against sheep erythrocytes in C57BL/6 mice. PMID- 712662 TI - Relationship between the radiation dose and chromosome aberrations in atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. PMID- 712663 TI - Studies on radiation induced changes in bovine hemoglobin type A. PMID- 712664 TI - Effects of tritiated water on mice liver, in relation to age. PMID- 712665 TI - Estimation of photon energy spectra based on 34x34 response matrix. PMID- 712666 TI - Behavior of the esophageal mucosa after radiophosphorous administration. PMID- 712667 TI - [Cockayne's syndrome; a radiological entity: a report on two familial cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of cockayne's syndrome occurring in the same family group are reported. The authors describe the chronological evolution of the bone lesions, based on radiological examinations of the older sister made at 4, 13 1/2, and 15 years of age. Evidence that clinical signs of early ageing are associated with a rapid drop in thymic hormone levels led the authors to search for radiological signs of premature ageing. At 15 years of age only minimal signs were apparent. PMID- 712668 TI - [Use of radiology in the diagnosis of posttraumatic otoliquorrhea. A report on 33 operated cases (author's transl)]. AB - The association of standard radiography and tomography can enable the origin of the fistula to be established with reasonable precision : complementary contrast cisternography should permit direct localization. Treatment is essentially the concern of the E.N.T. surgeon, but the problem cannot be resolved without a perfect understanding between the neurosurgeon, surgeon, E.N.T. specialist, and the radiologist. PMID- 712669 TI - [Case of the month: the appendix]. PMID- 712670 TI - [Diagnosis of a non-functioning kidney pelvis in adults: a report on 12 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two types of non-functioning supernumerary kidney pelvis are defined by analyzing 12 cases discovered in adult life. Those of congenital origin from glomerular aplasia, sometimes associated with a ureterocele or an ectopic anastomosis, and those due to an acquired lesion such as lithiasis, vesico-ureteral reflux, or secondary infection of a pocket of fluid. Radiological diagnosis is made by IVU with descending cystography and films taken during micturition. Cystoscopy and possibly retrograde ureteropyelography are essential in order to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 712671 TI - [Diuresis and blood and urinary electrolyte modifications during highly selective arteriography (author's transl)]. PMID- 712672 TI - [Echotomography in the study of abdominal lymphadenopathies. Technique of examination and typical appearances (author's transl)]. AB - Lymphographic opacification of the abdominal nodes is only partial, and it is therefore useful to have available another examination for the diagnosis of lymphadenopathies. Echography would seem to merit an important role since out of a series of 100 patients, it led to a positive and confirmed diagnosis in 78% of cases with 22% of errors, including 4% of false positives. In almost 20% of cases, echography gave additional information to that of lymphography, this justifying the simultaneous application of both examinations, either diagnostically or in the context of the surveillance of treatment. Lymphadenopathies are regularly visible from a diameter of 3 cm upwards, their structure is generally very slightly echogenic only and they may be perfectly precisely located. Problems of differential diagnosis are minimal if the technique is applied carefully, by contrast the appearance of lymphadenopathies is very similar and offers no indication as to the aetiology. PMID- 712673 TI - [Current indications for barium meal examinations of the small intestine in malabsorption syndromes in children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors study the correlation between the degree of abnormality seen on radiological examination and the extent of atrophy of the villi in 29 children suspected to have had malabsorption syndromes. The radiological signs are valid but at the present time-intestinal biopsy is the only certain diagnostic examination. Based on these observations, an attempt is made to define the indications for barium meal examination of the small intestine. PMID- 712674 TI - [Mesenteric lipomas in children: a report on one case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of mesenteric lipoma presenting as an isolated abdominal masse in a boy of 20 months is reported. Diagnosis was made from the appearance of the fatty mass in a straight abdominal film. Radiological examination was completed by urography and echotomography. The analysis of 11 identical cases found in the literature enabled the principal clinical and radiological characterists of this affection to be defined and evoked the problems of differential diagnosis from other lipomatous abdominal masses and cystic lymphangioma. PMID- 712675 TI - [Opacification of the aortic arch using a long needle-catheter. Modification of the catheter and precautions to be taken (author's transl)]. AB - The authors modified the long needle-catheter used by Amplatz and Stocks, by adding lateral openings. The modified needle-catheter was used to study the aorta and its branches using the left translumbar approach. The high rate of blood flow (30 to 34 ml/s) gave excellent opacification of the thoracic and abdominal aortas, and the lower limbs. PMID- 712676 TI - [Use of an automatic switch mechanism during diagnostic radiological procedures of pulmonary affections in babies and infants (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their experience with the use of an automatic switch mechanism allowing continuous pulmonary radiograms during deep inspiration in babies and infants. The apparatus is easy to use and the films can be taken almost as quickly as normal radiograms. This automatic switch mechanism is particularly useful for polypnoeic infants and should be employed more widely. PMID- 712677 TI - [Echotomography of the normal adrenal gland]. PMID- 712678 TI - [Adrenal scintigraphy]. PMID- 712679 TI - [Usefulness of pneumoretroperitoneum in the exploration of Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 712680 TI - [Radiology in hypothyroidism in children]. PMID- 712681 TI - [Radiocinematographic study of neurogenic disorders of deglutition]. PMID- 712682 TI - [Technics of the radiologic exploration of the rhinopharynx]. PMID- 712683 TI - [Secondary localization of malignant melanoma at the level of the small intestine (apropos of 4 cases)]. PMID- 712684 TI - [A case of iatrogenic ischemic colitis]. PMID- 712685 TI - [Technics preliminary to cervico-facial radiotherapy]. PMID- 712686 TI - [Incidence of metastases in cancer of the pharynx and larynx]. PMID- 712687 TI - [Detection of ure-nephropathies in the neonatal period: radiological aspects (23 cases)]. PMID- 712688 TI - [Hepato-renal polycystosis in infants and children: clinico-radiologic correlation apropos of 3 personal cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 712689 TI - [A radiologic anomaly: idiopathic urethral dilatation in little girls (apropos of 2 personal cases)]. PMID- 712690 TI - [Coalescence of the labia minora: diagnostic problems in radiology]. PMID- 712691 TI - [Diagnostic problems raised by large unilateral kidneys in the newborn]. PMID- 712692 TI - [Renal hamartoma in the newborn (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 712693 TI - [Familial uropathies with malformations]. PMID- 712694 TI - [Problems raised by renovascular hypertension: unusual cases of idiopathic hypercalcemia]. PMID- 712695 TI - [Echotomography in renal and urinary pathology in children (apropos of our experiences in Lille)]. PMID- 712696 TI - Correlations of maternal and fetal endocrine events with uterine pressure changes around parturition in the ewe. AB - In 4 Clun Forest ewes maternal peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone were still elevated at the onset of parturient uterine activity. Fetal and maternal plasma concentrations of oestrogen started to rise before parturition and concentrations in maternal plasma were positively correlated with parturient uterine activity (P less than 0.05; r = +0.42). Fetal plasma concentrations of corticosteroids were positively correlated with fetal plasma concentrations of oestrogen (P less than 0.01; r = +0.65), but negatively correlated with maternal peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations (P less than 0.05; r = -0.50). Before parturition plasma concentrations of PGF rose but stayed high only in maternal peripheral plasma. Maternal peripheral plasma concentrations of PGF were positively correlated with uterine activity (P less than 0.05; r = +0.79) and plasma concentrations of oestrogen (P less than 0.05; r = +0.79), but negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of progesterone (P less than 0.01; r = 0.54). PMID- 712697 TI - Daily sperm production and epididymal sperm reserves of pubertal and adult rats. AB - Rats were considered to be pubertal at 50 days of age when spermatozoa were first found in the tail of the epididymis. Sperm production/g testis increased up to 75 days of age and testicular weight increased until 100 days of age. Sperm reserves in the tail of the epididymis were not maximal until 100 days of age. Therefore, Wistar rats are not sexually mature until 100 days. Sexually mature rats had testes weighing 3.7 g, produced 86 x 10(6) spermatozoa or 24 x 10(6) spermatozoa/g testicular parenchyma daily, and their paired epididymides contained 295 x 10(6) spermatozoa in the head + body and 440 x 10(6) spermatozoa in the tail. PMID- 712698 TI - A photographic method for the measurement of motility of bull spermatozoa. AB - Bull spermatozoa were diluted in skim milk-egg yolk and frozen. After thawing, the samples were added to citrate buffer and photographed (1 sec exposure, 400 ASA, dark field) to identify the tracks of the moving spermatozoa. The proportions of motile spermatozoa in 1707 photographs of semen samples from 25 ejaculates were distributed binomially, and allowed motility to be estimated at a predictable level of precision, and without bias when one photograph from each of two straws was taken at random from an ejaculate. The variance was equal to its expectation and inversely proportional to the total number of spermatozoa in each photographic field. PMID- 712699 TI - Parallel competitive binding and metabolic endpoint assays for hCG based on rabbit granulosa cells. AB - A competitive binding assay for hCG is described, in which live rabbit granulosa cells adhering to small tubes provide solid-phase binding sites. Parallel assays, in which the synthesis of progestagens and the incorporation of [3H]acetate into lipid serve as endpoints, are also described. The assays are sensitive, reproducible and precise and should be both economical and convenient for studies on the relationship between the molecular structure and the biological activity of hCG and LH. PMID- 712700 TI - Relation between daylight ratio, plasma progesterone levels and timing of nidation in mink (Mustela vison). AB - Mink were mated between 17 February and 22 March. In females kept in natural daylight concentrations of progesterone, measured by radioimmunoassay, began to rise between 25 and 30 March, whatever the date of mating. After reaching peak values of 40--160 ng/ml, progesterone concentrations decreased before the end of pregnancy. In females given 14 h light/24 h immediately after mating, the rise of progesterone began a few days earlier, indicating that the extra light induces earlier progesterone secretion, nidation and parturition. PMID- 712701 TI - Relationships between short-term variations of LH, FSH, prolactin and testosterone in peripheral plasma of prepubertal bulls. AB - In 2 prepubertal bulls 10-min blood samples collected during a 24-h period showed that gonadotrophin and testosterone peaks occurred regularly at intervals of 6h in one animal and 8h in the other. There was a clear relationship between the LH, FSH and testosterone peaks. The increase of gonadotrophin levels was followed 20 +/- 6 (s.d.) min later by an increase of testosterone; the interval between the peak values was 61 +/- 9 (s.d.) min. The pattern of prolactin concentration differed; there were two prolonged elevations rather than regular peaks. PMID- 712702 TI - Histochemical demonstration of prostaglandin dehydrogenases in the uterine and chorionic epithelia of the pregnant pig. AB - The NAD-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) was active in the uterine and chorionic epithelia of the pig at 30, 60 and 90 days of pregnancy when PGs of the A, E or F series were used as the substrate. The activity of NADP dependent PGDH in the same epithelia appeared only when PGB-1 or PGB-2 was used as the substrate. PMID- 712703 TI - Progesterone secretion during pregnancy in sheep with an autotransplanted adrenal and an autotransplanted ovary. AB - Secretion rates by the major sites of progesterone synthesis were measured during pregnancy in 3 ewes with single fetuses after autotransplantation of the left adrenal and the left ovary (containing the corpus luteum) to the neck. The total production of progesterone measured by tracer kinetics increased from 12.1 +/- 2.0 (s.e.m.) to 31.3 +/- 2.4 microgram/min between 66--103 and 133--145 days p.c. Ovarian and adrenal secretion rates measured directly at the same times decreased from 5.2 +/- 0.9 to 2.1 +/- 0.9 microgram/min (ovary), or remained unchanged, about 0.03 microgrom/min (adrenal). The difference between the total production of progesterone and ovarian and adrenal secretion showed that the contribution from other endocrine tissues (presumably the placenta) increased from 6.8 +/- 1.5 to 29.2 +/- 4.1 microgram/min (P less than 0.001) during this period. PMID- 712704 TI - Meiosis and spermatogenesis in bulls heterozygous for a presumptive 1/29 Robertsonian translocation. AB - Bulls heterozygous for the 1/29 Robertsonian translocation showed normal mating behaviour, semen quality and spermatogenesis. The karyotypes of 90 offspring of one heterozygous bull were consistent with a normal 1:1 segregation of the translocation. There was no difference in overall chiasma frequency at diakinesis between heterozygous and normal bulls, and while a trivalent was noted at diakinesis the chiasma position within the No. 1 arm of the trivalent did not appear to be altered when compared with that found in the normal No. 1 bivalent. An increased frequency of aneuploid secondary spermatocytes at the second meiotic division (M II) was found in the heterozygous bulls, the rate of non-disjuction based on the proportion of hypermodal cells being raised from 2.8% in the normal to 6.4% in the heterozygous animals. PMID- 712705 TI - Influence of seminal plasma proteins on motility of rabbit spermatozoa. AB - Washed rabbit spermatozoa of freshly collected ejaculates were incubated in different fractions of seminal plasma proteins and examined for motility. Incubation media were protein fractions obtained by gel and ion-exchange chromatography. Motility was best maintained in the fractions which contained albumin, and rabbit serum albumin was more effective than bovine or human serum albumin. Concentrations of less than 4 mg rabbit serum albumin/ml resulted in markedly decreased motility. PMID- 712706 TI - Effects of duct ligation and orchidectomy on histochemical reactions in the hamster epididymis. AB - The epididymis was ligated at the efferent ductules and at the middle segment. Histochemical changes occurred only proximal to the ligature. Orchidectomy caused progressive changes, mostly reversible by testosterone treatment throughout the epididymis. It is concluded that the integrity of the initial segment is dependent upon androgen reaching it via the testicular fluid. PMID- 712707 TI - A chimaeric calf with XY/XXY mosaicism and intersexuality. AB - A Friesian calf with an elongated urethra and without a vulva was born twin to a dead bull calf. Red cell chimaerism and XY/XY/XXY lymphocytes were found in the blood, XX/XXY mosaicism was found in the skin and the minute gonads which some showed signs of early testicular development. PMID- 712708 TI - A freeze-etch study of dense fibres in rat spermatozoa. AB - The presence of oblique striations on the cortex of the dense fibres of the rat spermatozoon is confirmed; they have a main periodicity of approximately 40 nm and a secondary one of about 20 nm. Disruption of spermatozoa by Triton X-100 and dithiothreitol and fixation in glutaraldehyde do not affect the pattern. The dense fibre cortex appears to consist of globular substructure units with a diameter of about 19 nm. PMID- 712709 TI - Effects of short photoperiods on puberty, growth and moult in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). AB - Male Djungarian hamsters were raised from birth in either long (16L:8D) or short (8L:16D) photoperiods. In 16L:8D, testes were large (about 400 mg) and showed full spermatogenesis from 31 days of age, the cauda epididymidis contained motile spermatozoa from 35 days and the accessory glands were large and reached their final size at about 60 days of age. In 8L:16D, testes remained small (about 15 mg) and undeveloped up to an age of about 130 days; they then developed to reach normal size and full spermatogenesis. In 16L:8D body weight increased steadily up to an age of about 160 days, but in 8L:16D body weight increase was slower and reached normal values, after a plateua at about 80 days, at about 190--260 days. Most animals in 8L:16D moulted into winter pelage, and then into the summer pelage; those in 16L:8D kept the summer pelage throughout. PMID- 712710 TI - Oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in peripheral blood in pregnant red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). AB - Oestrogen levels were low during most of gestation, but there was a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in oestradiol concentrations at implantation. Early pregnancy was characterized by high levels of progesterone which decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) thereafter, but there was no decline in progesterone or rise in oestrogen levels at parturition. There was no difference in the length of progesterone secretion between pregnant and non-pregnant females. PMID- 712711 TI - A nuclear DNA polymerase in bull spermatozoa. AB - A DNA polymerase was isolated from bull spermatozoa by differential centrifugation, ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Its apparent molecular weight and synthetic template utilization resemble that of DNA polymerase gamma. Chemical and enzymic fractionation of bull spermatozoa indicate that the enzyme is most probably located in the nucleus. PMID- 712712 TI - Ovarian function in suckling and non-suckling beef cows post partum. AB - Two groups, each of 7 crossbred beef cows, which were suckling or not suckling calves, were fed a high quality food ad libitum for 3 months post partum. The non suckling cows experienced regular ovarian cycles from 10--33 days post partum while the suckling cows did not do so until at least 14 weeks post partum. There was little difference between the groups in growth rate or in plasma glucose concentration. The plasma prolactin concentrations in the non-suckling cows showed a seasonal trend which paralleled ambient temperature and daylight hours; in the suckling cows this trend was less evident. Plasma LH concentrations were lower in suckling cows before Day 30 post partum but were similar thereafter. Most suckling cows also failed to experience oestrus or to exhibit LH release in response to an injection of oestradiol benzoate at about 6 weeks post partum. This failure, together with the earlier lower levels of LH in the suckling cows, is considered to be indicative of malfunction of the hypothalamic mechanism normally responsible for the establishment and maintenance of cyclic ovarian function. PMID- 712713 TI - A simple and rapid technique to isolate enriched populations of spermatocytes and spermatids from the immature rat testis. AB - A technique was developed to obtain enriched populations of large numbers of primary spermatacytes (70--81%) and of spermatids (75%) from immature rat testes (21--23 and 38 days old respectively) in a simple and rapid fashion. The cells were nearly all viable and membrane preservation was good. The testicular cells were dispersed by a mild mechanical treatment combined with an incubation with purified collagenase, and the cell populations were separated by centrifugation in a discontinuous dextran gradient in a cell culture medium. PMID- 712715 TI - Fetal- and uterine-specific antigens in human amniotic fluid. AB - Removal of the major maternal serum proteins from second trimester amniotic fluid by antibody affinity chromatography revealed various soluble tissue antigens, of which two were fetal-specific skin proteins and another, of alpha2-mobility, was specific to the uterus, and was therefore designated alpha-uterine protein (AUP). These proteins could not be detected in maternal serum by antibody-antigen crossed electrophoresis. The concentration of AUP in amniotic fluid reached a maximum between 10 and 20 weeks of gestation, suggesting that there is an influx of uterine protein into the amniotic fluid at this stage of pregnancy. PMID- 712714 TI - Sex chromosome chimaerism and the transmission of blood group genes by tetraparental rams. AB - A previously published study of 4 rams, 3 of them tetraparental chimaeras, has been extended. All were born subsequent to transplantation of separated blastomeres into intact 4--8-cell embryos which were transferred to recipient ewes. All were phenotypically normal males. Study of blood lymphocytes and red cell antigens showed that two were XX/XY chimaeras, one an XY/XY chimaera. Chimaerism was not identified in the 4th animal. The new data show that the previously reported decline in proportions of red cells derived from the one cell line has continued, although the proportions of lymphocytes entering mitosis in culture have remained nearly constant. A decline of potassium concentration in the red cells of one animal and of transferrin type in another also continued. Analysis of blood types in the offspring of the 4 rams revealed that both cell lines of the XY/XY chimaera must have produced functional spermatozoa whereas the genes transmitted by the remaining 3 rams gave evidence of spermatozoa from one cell line only. PMID- 712716 TI - Plasma progesterone levels during pregnancy and pseudo-pregnancy in the hare (Lepus europaeus syriacus). AB - A triphasic pattern of progesterone secretion was observed in female hares sampled throughout pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. After injection of hCG and artificial insemination (Day 1), progesterone values rose to a peak of 41.4 ng/ml about Day 14, remained at this level, then declined around Day 20 before increasing sharply to maximum levels of 67.7 ng/ml after midpregnancy (Day 28). Levels remained high for several days, then declined until Day 38, increased again until Day 41, before decreasing towards parturition. Progesterone levels were still high (37.5 ng/ml) 24h before parturition. The progesterone pattern during pseudopregnancy closely resembled that observed during the first half of pregnancy: levels rose from Day 2 to a peak at Days 11--18, then declined sharply to baseline levels around Day 22. It is suggested that the control of progesterone secretion might be transferred from the pituitary to the placenta at the beginning of the second half of pregnancy. PMID- 712717 TI - Modulating effect of levamisole on DNA synthesis in macrophages in vitro. PMID- 712718 TI - Identification of different peroxidatic activity patterns in human macrophages in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 712719 TI - The selective effect of hyperoxia on the guinea pig alveolar macrophage membrane. PMID- 712720 TI - Properties of human transfer factor from KLH-immunized donors: dissociation of dermal transfer and proliferation augmenting activities. PMID- 712721 TI - Biologic and biochemical characteristics of RNA-mediated transfer of delayed hypersensitivity in vitro. PMID- 712722 TI - Pathogenesis of attic cholesteatomas. PMID- 712723 TI - The current place of noninvasive diagnostic techniques in evaluating cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 712724 TI - The state of British medicine--10. The teaching of geriatrics. PMID- 712725 TI - Pathogenesis of attic cholesteatomas. PMID- 712727 TI - Misdiagnosis of testicular tumours. PMID- 712726 TI - Hormonal status in normal, osteoporotic and corticosteroid-treated postmenopausal women. PMID- 712728 TI - Risk factors in scrotal epithelioma. PMID- 712729 TI - Degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint and pain-dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 712731 TI - Anaesthesia in the European Economic Community. PMID- 712730 TI - Organ and tumour antigens in malignant disease: a review. PMID- 712733 TI - Anaesthesia in the Netherlands. PMID- 712732 TI - Anaesthesia in Belgium. PMID- 712735 TI - Anaesthesia in Central Europe. PMID- 712734 TI - Anaesthesia in France. PMID- 712736 TI - The position of the faculty. PMID- 712737 TI - Deficiency of hepatic coproporphyrinogen oxidase in hereditary coproporphyria. PMID- 712738 TI - Legionnaires' disease: first case in London. PMID- 712739 TI - Cancer chemotherapy--the price to be paid. PMID- 712740 TI - Hypertension in childhood. PMID- 712741 TI - The state of British medicine--9. London undergraduate teaching hospitals. PMID- 712742 TI - Surgical pathology and management of anorectal Crohn's disease. AB - The anorectal manifestations of Crohn's disease comprise a complex and heterogeneous group of conditions which fall into two main categories: primary lesions of the active disease process and secondary lesions resulting from healing of, or infective complications of, the primary lesions. The lesions are classified into distinct clinicopathological entities which may be used in assessing prognosis and determining appropriate treatment. A basic principle of management is that surgery should be avoided as far as possible in the presence of disease activity, but will frequently be necessary, and satisfactory, for secondary complications. PMID- 712743 TI - Diagnosis of liver metastases using ultrasound and isotope scanning techniques. PMID- 712744 TI - Growth and maturity in the equine fetus. PMID- 712745 TI - Use of animals in the quality control of vaccines. PMID- 712746 TI - Use of tissue cultures for testing vaccines. PMID- 712747 TI - Animal studies in drug safety evaluation. PMID- 712748 TI - Animal tests predictive of antibiotic activity in man. PMID- 712750 TI - Drug safety tests and subsequent clinical experience. PMID- 712751 TI - General practice: a developing academic discipline. PMID- 712749 TI - Uses and limitations of primates in the evaluation of drug efficacy and safety. PMID- 712752 TI - Electroencephalography today. PMID- 712753 TI - Male infertility. PMID- 712754 TI - Hearing conservation. PMID- 712755 TI - The hospital nurse. PMID- 712756 TI - Calculation of genetic risks in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by geneticists in the United Kingdom. AB - Pedigrees of Duchenne muscular dystrophy were sent to 32 geneticists in the United Kingdom, asking for their calculations for genetic risks for female relatives. Eighteen participated, of whom only 7 gave correct answers for all pedigrees. The method most used for calculations (the 'Bayesian' method) was most liable to errors in new situations. An alternative, simpler method is presented. PMID- 712757 TI - Genetic study of narcoleptic syndrome. AB - In this family study of the narcoleptic syndrome, 52% of the probands had an affected first degree relative, 41.9% of the sibs of those probands with an affected parent were similarly affected, 33.3% of the parents of 2 affected sibs and 41.2% of the children (after a correction for age) had narcolepsy, cataplexy, or both. PMID- 712758 TI - Training of medical geneticists. PMID- 712759 TI - Length heteromorphisms of fluorescent (f) and non-fluorescent (nf) segments of human Y chromosome: classification, frequencies, and incidence in normal Caucasians. AB - Sixty normal male Caucasians were selected to study the length of the Y chromosome. QFQ banding was performed. Chromosomes 19 and 20 (F) and Y were measured directly from the film. Y/F, f/F, and nf/F indices (f = fluorescent; nf = non-fluorescent segment) were determined. The length of the Y chromosome was classified into 5 groups; very small, small, average, large, and very large with Y/F indices of less than 0.8, 0.81--0.94, 0.95--1.09, 1.1--1.23, and greater than 1.23, respectively. The frequencies of Y/F indices for these groups were 0 (0%), 9 (15.0%), 40 (66.7%), 8 (13.3%), and 3 (5.0%), respectively. The most frequent class was 0.95--1.09 and was defined as the 'average' Y/F index for the human Y chromosome. The variation in the total length of the Y chromosome was accounted for by variations in the length of the non-fluorescent as well as the fluorescent segments. No relation between f and nf segments was observed. The mean Y/F, f/F, and nf/F indices were 1.022, 0.441, and 0.574, respectively. PMID- 712760 TI - Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: two autosomal dominant disorders segregating in a family. AB - A family is described in which 16 individuals in 3 generations have Charcot-Marie Tooth disease. At least 6 family members also have the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. In addition, 1 subject with both disorders has 2 young daughters with the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. PMID- 712761 TI - Linkage analysis in dominant acrocephalosyndactyly. AB - Linkage analysis was performed on a previously reported family in which multiple dominantly inherited acrocephalosyndactyly syndromes were present. An underlying axiom of linkaged analysis is that the trait analysed be monogenic. This prerequisite was presumptively established in the single kindred analysed because acrocephalosyndactyly was observed in multiple cases in multiple generations. PMID- 712762 TI - Haemoglobin H disease in 2 Filipino families. AB - Haemoglobin H disease is described in successive generations of 2 Filipino families. The condition was asymptomatic. The inheritance pattern of haemoglobin H disease in these families appeared to be like that described for Thais. PMID- 712763 TI - Family studies of relation between Perthes disease and congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 712764 TI - Translocation of chromosome 4 and 9 with ring formation of chromosome 4 short arm. AB - Cytogenetic investigation of a 3-year-old mentally retarded boy revealed a translocation of the long arm of chromosome 4 onto the short arm of chromosome 9, with ring formation of the remaining short arm of chromosome 4. The clinical features are described and correlated with the cytogenetic findings. The behaviour of the ring derived from a deleted chromosome 4 is discussed. PMID- 712765 TI - Bilateral renal agenesis in 2 male sibs born to consanguineous parents. AB - Two boys with bilateral agenesis of kidneys and ureters were the product of a consanguineous marriage. This family and previous reports of familial bilateral renal agenesis support the supposition that a minor proportion of cases of BRA is caused by the homozygous state of an autosomal recessive gene. PMID- 712766 TI - Dominance in human genetics. PMID- 712767 TI - Some business and tax aspects of clinical practice plans. AB - Medical schools throughout the country have developed diverse organizational forms through which their faculty members provide clinical services. In this article the author reviews several of the reasons frequently offered to support involvement of a medical school in a faculty practice plan and suggests many business and tax considerations which should be taken into account by a medical school in developing a plan to meet its objectives. He also reviews many of the considerations involved in establishing and operating specific types of group practice plans. The author concludes that, with conscientious planning and implementation, faculty members can receive professional satisfaction, medical schools can obtain many benefits, and the public will benefit from improved health care. PMID- 712768 TI - Clinical teacher effectiveness in medicine. AB - Characteristics of best and worst clinical teachers in medicine are described by a random sample of medical school faculty, residents, and third- and fourth-year students at the University of Washington. The responses were factor analyzed and examined to determine whether the ratings were systematically influenced by professional role, faculty department, and teaching method. Best clinical teachers are described as being enthusiastic, clear and well organized, and adept at interacting with students and residents. Worst clinical teachers lack these skills and are characterized by negative personal attributes. Using analysis of variance, the investigator found no significant differences in ratings on the three variables examined. Six of the seven hypothesized dimensions of clinical teaching were confirmed by factor analysis. The results are discussed in relation to faculty development and evaluation of clinical teaching. PMID- 712769 TI - Experience with the simulated patient-physician encounter. AB - The development of computer-based simulations of the patient-physician encounter has made it possible to give students the opportunity to manage a case without jeopardizing a real patient's life. At the University of Wisconsin Medical School simulated patients have been an integral part of the third-year teaching program for the past five years. They have been used to permit the students to gain clinical experience, as part of a series of structured teaching conferences, and in a medical testing program. Student and faculty response to the program generally has been favorable. PMID- 712770 TI - The use of instructor-patients to teach physical examination techniques. AB - The increasing difficulty in obtaining appropriate hospitalized patients to give enlarging classes of medical students their first exposure to abnormal physical findings has led to the development of an instructor-patient program. Sixteen community residents with relatively stable respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or neurological findings were recruited and trained as instructor-patients to teach the technical elements of the examination of the affected organ system. Evaluation of the technical skills of 46 second-year students trained by instructor-patients and those of 41 randomly selected students trained in these skills by physician instructors demonstrated that the two have comparable technical skills five to eight weeks after the training sessions. Faculty recruitment, instructor-patient recruitment and training, and evaluation are discussed. PMID- 712771 TI - Evaluation of training in school health for pediatricians. AB - There is a growing emphasis on the behavioral and psychological aspects of health and illness in pediatric practice. If physicians are to be effective deliverers of health services, they must be knowledgeable in these areas. Training programs, therefore, must expose future primary care providers to behavioral and developmental issues. Evaluating reactions of participants in a school health elective to program content and the effects of such a program on current professional activities is one way to assess the success of programmatic goals and educational techniques used. PMID- 712772 TI - The prospective effect of Public Law 94-484 on graduate medical programs. PMID- 712773 TI - Women in medicine: what is really happening. PMID- 712774 TI - Imparting information on breastfeeding to medical students. PMID- 712775 TI - Learning styles and teaching implications. PMID- 712776 TI - Factors affecting the growth and usage of a student mental health service. PMID- 712777 TI - Educational strategies in ambulatory care. PMID- 712778 TI - Resident participation in the development of an ambulatory pediatric discussion series. PMID- 712779 TI - Evaluation of a program by assessing students' performance at the beginning of the next course. PMID- 712780 TI - Medical practice plans: solutions or problems? PMID- 712781 TI - Compensation of full-time faculty in U.S. medical schools. PMID- 712782 TI - Teaching skills. PMID- 712783 TI - Tunnel vision award. PMID- 712784 TI - Study of U.S. medical school applicants, 1976--77. AB - This annual study contains descriptive statistics on applicants to the 1976--77 freshman classes of U.S. medical schools. In contrast to the growth rates of the early 1970s, the total number of applicants declined slightly for the second successive year. However, comparisons with past applicant pools show a continued increase in the annual number of women applying and a modest increment over the previous year in applicants from minority groups. For the first time in the annual series the 1976--77 study includes data on applicants' size of hometown and summarizes information collected on marital status, country of citizenship, and undergraduate degree level. PMID- 712785 TI - Developing an academic administration clerkship for upper-division medical students. AB - It is increasingly apparent that there exists a need for academic administrators and an interest in that field on the part of physicians and medical students. In many academic medical centers physicians are called upon to assume administrative responsibilities or have a desire to pursue an administrative career. Medical students also play an important role in their university's governance through their representation on medical school and university committees as well as their participation in various national organizations. In addition, there continues to be a general lack of understanding regarding the nature of the internal and external variables affecting medical education. The course described in this paper is intended to provide students with an understanding of the administrative responsibilities inherent in academic management positions. PMID- 712786 TI - Coping styles of women medical students. AB - As a student health psychiatrist in a medical school setting, the author has had experience in treating women students who present with various psychiatric complaints, ranging from mild depression and anxiety to psychosis. The concept of role strain will be illustrated as it occurs in the context of the presenting complaint and the subsequent treatment course. Issues of feminine sexuality and sex-role adjustment in single and married students will be discussed. Medical schools can increase their awareness of how sex bias and institutional sexism affect the mental health and well-being of women students and can take appropriate steps to lessen the detrimental effects for women in medical school. PMID- 712787 TI - Enriching personal and professional development: the experience of a support group for interns. AB - A pilot support group for interns was established at Boston City Hospital early in the internship year to deal with the personal and professional issues arising out of the stresses of the internship. This report describes the functioning of this group, including a statement of goals, content of weekly meetings, and evaluation by group members. In general, the interns felt that the experience was positive and especially valuable in terms of providing support for personal/professional role conflict. PMID- 712788 TI - Practice meets theory: a new approach to medical sex education. AB - In the past three years an elective clinical practicum in sex education has been added to the existing human sexuality program at the Howard University College of Medicine. Staff from the Washington, D.C., Department of Human Resources and Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington have trained 84 third- and fourth year medical students in sex education techniques and supervised their work with 2,100 public school children, mostly fifth- and sixth-grade pupils. Results indicate several advantages to the program: the public schools receive a needed service; the health agencies and the medical school are able to expand their work in the community; the public school students find ready models for identification while learning about sexual issues; and the medical students move from the role of passive learner to that of active teacher. PMID- 712789 TI - Decision to enter pulmonology: motives and implications. AB - A study was undertaken to determine at what time American-trained pulmonary disease specialists in two California counties made their subspecialty choices and the factors which influenced their decision. Responses to 281 questionnaires were received and analyzed from 171 fellows, faculty members, and practitioners (60.8 percent). Subspecialty decisions for pulmonology were usually made during residency, motivated by pulmonary rotations and exposure to stimulating faculty members. Although this subspecialty has recently developed into an established, growing field, the survey data confirmed that the amount of pulmonary interaction during medical school remains minimal. PMID- 712791 TI - Rites of fall: the costs and utility of the internship interview. PMID- 712790 TI - Liberal education and medical school admissions. PMID- 712792 TI - Development of AMCAS, 1966 through 1978. PMID- 712793 TI - Personalized self-instruction (Keller plan): and educational format for small group courses. PMID- 712794 TI - Multiunit hospital systems and the teaching hospital. PMID- 712795 TI - 1975 medical school graduates entering family practice residencies. PMID- 712796 TI - Legal medicine. PMID- 712797 TI - Basic life support. PMID- 712798 TI - White-noise analysis of biological systems. AB - The linear and nonlinear operations of a biological system can be represented by a set of functions called Wiener kernels. This type of analysis is becoming increasingly important in the field of biological systems analysis. This paper reviews the theoretical and practical aspects of testing a biological system with white-noise and provides a guide for interpreting Wiener kernels which result from such studies. A study of the human electroretinogram is presented as an example. PMID- 712799 TI - Digital ultrasonic imaging with microprocessor manipulation. AB - The author describes the development of a digital scan converter system which accepts ultrasonic B-scans in "oscilloscope" format and displays them in video format. The system involves the use of a microprocessor, the function of which is outlined in the paper. A brief comparison with a system employing a scan converter tube is given. PMID- 712800 TI - The development of a fibre optic catheter tip pressure transducer. AB - There has been much discussion on the distortion of intracardiac pressure waveforms measured by catheter methods. Tip transducers, which can eliminate this waveform distortion, have several problems. There are manufacturing difficulties with the mechano-electric transducing element. The devices also do not remain stable over variations in temperature and with long term clinical use. Safety problems may also be experienced due to the direct connection between external electronic devices and the heart. In order to overcome these difficulties, the application of fibre optics to the measurement of intracardiac pressure has been proposed. In this paper, the design, construction, and evaluation of a side-hole optic catheter, intended for intracardiac pressure measurement, is described. PMID- 712801 TI - The principles underlying Dinamap--a microprocessor based instrument for the automatic determination of mean arterial pressure. PMID- 712802 TI - A simple device for measuring mean skin temperature. PMID- 712803 TI - Electronic analysis of foetal breathing movements: a practical application of phase-lock-loop principles. AB - Measurement of foetal breathing movements is becoming more common as a means of monitoring processes occurring in the human foetus. Conventional time-period analysis of breathing movements is prone to error owing to their complexity, and it is laborious to decipher any frequency pattern. The described apparatus has been designed to give an on-line visual indication of the instantaneous frequency of foetal breathing movements when measured by a time-distance recorder connected to an echoscope. It is affected insignificantly by spurious signals, and can be build cheaply with easily-available components. Practical trials suggest that frequency analysis by this device can be of value for examining episodes of continuous breathing movements in the foetus. PMID- 712804 TI - A transducer for the clinical recording of ocular microtremor. PMID- 712805 TI - Improving radiation treatment planning. PMID- 712806 TI - The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. PMID- 712807 TI - French working group 'Primatology'. PMID- 712808 TI - Orang-utans for Mobutu. PMID- 712809 TI - Some aspects of the proposed captive breeding of dwarf chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) PMID- 712810 TI - The resocialization of single-caged chimpanzees and the establishment of an island colony. AB - Single-caged chimpanzees used in medical experimentation were resocialized in the laboratory setting and subsequently established as a socially integrated island colony. The dynamics of their behavioral pathology are described. PMID- 712811 TI - The establishment of a chimpanzee breeding colony for hepatitis research. AB - The chimpanzee is the most appropriate animal model for hepatitis B research. Because these primates are scarce and expensive it is important that optimum use be made of available animals and facilities. The establishment of a chimpanzee breeding colony is described and a model for providing primates for research is outlined. PMID- 712812 TI - Voltage-induced reflectivity relaxation of bilayer lipid membranes: on changes of bilayer thickness. AB - Temporal and voltage-induced changes of reflectivity (R), the optical phase difference in transmitted polarized light, of tension and total capacity of bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) were studied. The membranes were mainly formed from total brain phospholipids (TP) in n-alkanes. 1) Reflectivity of "black" regions of films made of TP in decane and hexadecane decreases by several percent with a time constant (tauR) of about 30 min, whereas that of membranes with hexane and heptane does not depend on time (with an accuracy up to 1--2%). The BLM tension decreases appreciably in the course of time and reaches its steady-state value in tens of minutes after complete blackening of the membrane. 2) Under prolonged (up to tens of minutes) action of voltage (V) no R changes of BLMs with hexane, heptane, and hexadecane were revealed at a noise level of 0.2%. Blms with decane usually respond to voltage application, first by a rapid (jump-like) and then by a slow decrease of R with a value spread from 0.2% to 3%. 3) With higher amplitude and temporal resolutions of the signal (signal averaging method) it can be seen that after voltage jump R decreases down to a new steady-state value: at V = 100 mV, deltaR/R = -(2--4) . 10(-4) and tauR approximately 0.1 msec for BLMs from TP in heptane, and deltaR/R = -(3--6) . 10(-2) and tauR approximately 2 msec for BLMs from oxidized cholesterol in decane. It is shown in the latter case that the great value of deltaR/R is due to the contribution of invisible microlenses. In all the cases deltaR approximately V2. 4) It is concluded that at voltage jump a bilayer first becomes thinner due to volumic compression of its hydrocarbon core; then it spreads with a time constant of the order of 0.1 msec, getting thinner until a new equilibrium state is reached. Complete change of bilayer thickness is detah/h approximately -10(-4) at 100 mV. PMID- 712813 TI - On the physico-chemical basis of voltage-dependent molecular gating mechanisms in biological membranes. AB - The possible nature and theoretical treatment of electric field-induced molecular processes in a membrane are examined. Special attention is given to fairly fast switching phenomena as reflected by asymmetry currents as well as ionic gating in squid axon and similar systems. The apparent charge displacement associated with the underlying mechanisms is argued to be brought about by conformational transitions of integral macromolecular structures. Under these circumstances, voltage changes can actaully control the functional state of membranes by direct interference with conformational equilibria. A basic model is quantitatively discussed and shown to account for certain observed asymmetry currents. Effects due to temperature, pressure, or chemical interactions can be readily described. It is indicated how more complicated voltage-dependent membrane processes may be approached along these lines. PMID- 712814 TI - Quantitative analysis of activation and inactivation of asymmetry currents in biological membranes, based on a conformational transition model. AB - A basic voltage-dependent conformational transition mechanism is proposed. It comprises one relatively fast conversion between two individual states which are comparatively slowly coupled with a third state. Having introduced voltage as an additional parameter of state, standard methods of thermodynamics and rate theory are employed to describe the equilibrium and kinetic behavior of the system. In particular, a quantitative discussion is given regarding the asymmetrical displacement currents generated by switching on and off a voltage pulse. Effects of temperature, pulse duration, and application of a conditioning prepulse are examined. The results provide a comprehensive basis for a quantitative analysis of pertinent experimental work. The so far presented measuring data can indeed by very well described along these lines. PMID- 712816 TI - Fatty acid and alcohol partitioning with intestinal brush border and erythrocyte membranes. AB - Relative partition coefficients of fatty acids and alcohols between aqueous buffers and biological membranes have been determined from the linear relationship between isotope content of sedimented membranes and aqueous concentration. This technique allows study of highly lipid soluble compounds such as long-chain saturated fatty acids. Rat intestinal brush border membranes and erythrocyte ghost membranes were studied by using homologous series of saturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids and 10, 12, and 14 carbon normal alcohols. The influence of chain length on partitioning was similar in the three series with an incremental free energy of -820 cal/mole per methylene group in brush borders for the saturated fatty acids. Incremental enthalpy and entropy were -1331 cal/mole and -1.64 cal/mole, degrees K respectively. Decrease in the partition coefficient due to the double bond (monounsaturated relative to saturated) had an incremental free energy of +1178 cal/mole, incremental enthalpy of -3453 cal/mole, and incremental entropy of -7.34 cal/mole, degrees K, while substitution of the hydroxyl for the ionized carboxyl group (pH 7.4) increased the partition coefficient by 72-fold. From these data it must be concluded that the lipid phase of the membrane bilayer is extremely hydrophobic, similar to heptane or polyethylene in polarity. PMID- 712815 TI - A potassium conductance activated by hyperpolarization in paramecium. AB - Voltage clamp studies show that the wild-type membrane of Paramecium tetraurelia contains a conductance component which is sensitive to hyperpolarization. This component manifests itself as "anomalous", or "inward going", rectification of membrane voltage in response to applied constant current pulses and as a "hyperpolarizing spike" when no K is added to the external solution (Y. Satow, C. Kung, 1977. J. Comp. Physiol. 119:99). Like the conductances which underlie anomalous rectification in other cells, the hyperpolarization-sensitive conductance in Paramecium is specific for K, and the magnitude of the voltage dependent conductance change depends not only on voltage but also on external potassium concentration. The internal potassium ion concentration of Paramecium is calculated to be between 17 and 18mM. PMID- 712817 TI - Electrical resistance of rabbit submaxillary main duct: a tight epithelium with leaky cell membranes. AB - The electrical resistance of rabbit salivary main duct epithelium has been measured. A small axial electrode, which passed current and measured potential simultaneously, was placed inside the ductal lumen. A cylindrical spiral was wound around the main duct and served as outside current electrode. The instantaneous current voltage relations were linearly up to current densities of 1.5 mA/cm2, independently of the Cl concentration in the bathing solutions. Strong polarization effects were observed in low Cl solutions. There was a significant inverse correlation between the spontaneous potential difference across the epithelium and the epithelial resistance in solutions with either high or low Cl concentrations. In high Cl solutions the epithelial resistance was 12.2 + 1.8 (n = 7) omegacm2. The resistance increased when the mucosal Na and Cl concentrations decreased. After addition of ouabain the resistance always decreased. The temperature dependence of the resistance was determined, and apparent activation energies were calculated. Values for activation energies ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 kcal/mol, depending on the ionic composition of the bathing solutions. Addition of amiloride to the mucosal solution led to an increase in resistance by a factor of 2.1 in high Cl solutions and of 4.1 in low Cl solutions. When ouabain was applied before amiloride, there was no effect on the resistance in high Cl solutions and a smaller increase in the resistance in low Cl solutions. The results of this study support the conclusion that the low resistance of main duct epithelium resides in the cell membranes and is not due to a paracellular pathway. PMID- 712818 TI - Magnesium influx in dialyzed squid axons. AB - The influx of magnesium from seawater into squid giant axons has been measured under conditions where internal solute control in the axon was maintained by dialysis. Mg influx is smallest (1 pmol/cm2 sec) when both Na and ATP have been removed from the axoplasm by dialysis. The addition of 3 mM ATP to the dialysis fluid gives a Mg influx of 2.5 pmol/cm2 sec while the addition of [Na]i and [ATP]i gives 3 pmol/cm2 sec as a value for Mg influx; this corresponds well with fluxes measured in intact squid giant axons. The Mg content of squid axons is 6 mmol/kg axoplasm; this is unaffected by soaking axons in Li or Na seawater for periods of up to 100 min. PMID- 712819 TI - Effects of ethacrynic acid on ion transport and energy metabolism in slices of avian salt gland and of mammalian liver and kidney cortex. AB - Ethacrynic acid greatly inhibited net transport of ions and aerobic, energy conserving metabolism in slices of avian salt gland, rat liver, and rat and guinea-pig kidney cortex. The effects of increasing concentrations of ethacrynic acid on the transport of Na+, K+ and Cl- ran closely parallel to its effects on tissue ATP levels and respiration. The concentration needed for maximal inhibition of transport reduced ATP levels by 80--90%. Respiration was reduced by 80--90% in salt gland and kidney cortex, and by a maximum of 30% in liver slices. The effects of low concentrations of ethacrynic acid required time to become fully manifest in some tissues, and the development of transport inhibition followed a similar course to decline of respiration and ATP levels. Ca2+ extrusion by liver cells was inhibited by ethacrynic acid. The concentration dependence of the inhibition was similar to that shown by the other transport systems inhibited. There was no distinction evident between the sensitivity of Na+ extrusion and of K+ accumulation to the diuretic. Lactate production increased as respiration decreased in the presence of increasing concentrations of ethacrynic acid. We conclude that ethacrynic acid acted primarily as an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis in the tissue slices, and that inhibition of ion transport was a nonspecific consequence of the failure of the energy supply. PMID- 712821 TI - X-ray microanalysis of epon sections after oxygen plasma microincineration. AB - Dark-gold sections of osmium tetroxide-fixed, Epon-embedded brown adipose tissue before and after low-temperature oxygen plasma microincineration were examined using a high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Microincineration produced ash patterns which were free of organic matrix, chlorine (from the Epon) and probably osmium (from the fixative). X-ray sensitivity was improved by a factor of 2-4 owing to decreased background, and sulphur, calcium and probably phosphorus were detected in the ash. Fidelity of the ash patterns permitted microanalytical spatial resolution of 0.1 micrometer or better. Oxygen plasma microincineration is thus shown to offer advantages for high resolution X-ray microanalysis of conventionally sectioned biological material. Its future application to shock-frozen, frozen-dried, unstained sections is indicated. PMID- 712820 TI - Comparative studies on the fine structure of purple membrane from Halobacterium Cutirubrum and Halobacterium Halobium. AB - Direct comparison of the absorption and circular dichroic spectra of dark- and light-adapted purple membrane from Halobacterium cutirubrum and Halobacterium halobium indicated no apparent species differences. In addition, sequential bleaching and regeneration of the purple membrane with concomitant monitoring of the absorption and circular dichroic spectra showed no species differences as well. Furthermore, perturbation of the structure of the purple membrane from either species with a detergent, Triton X-100, yielded similar spectral changes. It was concluded: (i) no apparent differences exist in the molecular organization and protein fine structure of the two purple membranes, (ii) if exciton interaction among the retinal chromophores is a reasonable possibility in the case of the purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium, it must be similarly so for the membrane from Halobacterium cutirubrum, (iii) the effects of light adaptation on the membrane structure of both species are essentially the same, and (iv) the underlying molecular mechanisms for the bleaching and regenerative processes must be similar, if not identical, for the purple membranes of the two species. PMID- 712822 TI - A perspicuous technique for directly visualizing radiation-damage artefacts in biological electron microscopy. AB - Levels of impairment of electron-microscopic images of biological specimens stemming from radiation damage are assessed in a rapid visual procedure that involves taking a pair of low-fluence micrographs of a specimen area before and after a fraction of the picture area has been more seriously damaged by applying a measured electron fluence. The pair of micrographs is treated as a mock-stereo pair and is given contrasting colours. Lateral displacements of specimen details appear as false relief and changes in electron lucency as false colour. PMID- 712823 TI - Definitive correction of congenital heart disease in infancy. PMID- 712824 TI - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of malabsorption. PMID- 712825 TI - Radiologic seminar CLXXXV: subcapsular hematoma of the liver: A case report. PMID- 712826 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in cancer. PMID- 712827 TI - Fluorides and the physician: an update. PMID- 712828 TI - Radiologic seminar CLXXXVI: atlantoaxial rotation subluxation. PMID- 712829 TI - Agonist-mediated changes of the acetylcholine receptor in its membrane environment. PMID- 712830 TI - Terbium replacement of calcium in parvalbumin. PMID- 712831 TI - Mechanism of the multiphasic kinetics in the folding and unfolding of globular proteins. PMID- 712832 TI - The size of the transcription unit in Balbiani ring 2 of Chironomus tentans as derived from analysis of the primary transcript and 75 S RNA. PMID- 712833 TI - RNA structures near poly(A) of adenovirus-2 late messenger RNAs. PMID- 712834 TI - Uncoupling of the catalytic activity and the polymerization of beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 712835 TI - Coiled coil formation and sequence regularities in the helical regions of alpha keratin. PMID- 712836 TI - Three-dimensional structure and disulfide bond connections in bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2. PMID- 712837 TI - Two channels of hydrogen exchange in a double-helical nucleic acid. PMID- 712838 TI - Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. XXVI. Neutron small angle scattering on bacteriophage PM2. PMID- 712839 TI - Fluorescence X-ray adsorption studies of rubredoxin and its model compounds. PMID- 712840 TI - Computer analysis of protein-protein interaction. PMID- 712841 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis in DNA: generation of point mutations in cloned beta globin complementary dna at the positions corresponding to amino acids 121 to 123. PMID- 712842 TI - Preliminary crystallographic data for Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin. PMID- 712843 TI - Isolation and characterization of precursors in T4 baseplate assembly. The complex of gene 10 and gene 11 products. PMID- 712844 TI - The absolute frequency of labeled N-6-methyladenosine in HeLa cell messenger RNA decreases with label time. PMID- 712845 TI - Actin filaments in muscle: pattern of myosin and tropomyosin/troponin attachments. PMID- 712847 TI - Polarity of microtubules of the mitotic spindle. PMID- 712846 TI - The amphiphilic membrane glycoproteins of Semliki Forest virus are attached to the lipid bilayer by their COOH-terminal ends. PMID- 712848 TI - Assembly of the Semliki Forest virus membrane glycoproteins in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in vitro. PMID- 712849 TI - Determination of restriction sites and the nucleotide sequence surrounding the relaxation site of ColE1. PMID- 712850 TI - Structure of the tomato bushy stunt virus: a model for protein-RNA interaction. PMID- 712851 TI - Enzymatic determinants of DNA polymerase accuracy. Theory of coliphage T4 polymerase mechanisms. PMID- 712852 TI - Isolation of cell surface proteins by hybridization. PMID- 712853 TI - Sequence specificity of DNA methylases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus brevis. PMID- 712854 TI - Coat protein polymerization of alfalfa mosaic virus strain VRU. PMID- 712856 TI - Calcium chondroitin 4-sulfate: molecular conformation and organization of polysaccharide chains in a proteoglycan. PMID- 712855 TI - Chondroitin 4-sulfate: the structure of a sulfated glycosaminoglycan. PMID- 712857 TI - A genetic analysis of bacteriophage lambda prohead assembly in vitro. PMID- 712858 TI - Intramitochondrial inclusions in the myocardial cells of human hearts and coronary disease. PMID- 712859 TI - Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in low-flow hypoxia: role of free fatty acids. PMID- 712860 TI - Adverse drug reaction: implications for providers of health care. AB - Adverse drug reactions are defined and examples are given. Four areas of concern are addressed, namely, defining drug reactions, identifying some of the factors contributing to the adverse drug reactions, implications of adverse drug reactions for health-care providers, and preventive measures which impact on the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. It is implied that increased knowledge and research are important factors in the control of these problems. PMID- 712861 TI - Self-medication. AB - Self-medication and drug interaction have been a problem in recent years. Pharmacists in ethical pharmacies and neighborhood establishments can best monitor these problems through use of patient profile records and consultations. The pharmacist should advise the public on over-the-counter (OTC) purchases. Auxiliary labels are recommended for use on containers to prevent drug interactions. Members of the black community have some specific problems with respect to self medications. These are addressed in this article. Self medication, under supervision, is proper and can be controlled. PMID- 712862 TI - Noncompliance and drug toxicity in black, poor, and aged patients. AB - Drug toxicity is a common medical problem. Continued increases in drug toxicity are related to the extensive, indiscriminate use of drugs. This is a national health problem which is caused partly by gaps in pharmacology as a basic and clinical science and partly by the rapid proliferation of drugs (the drug explosion) in the past 30 years. Socioeconomically disadvantaged (black, poor, and aged) patients are particularly vulnerable to compliance problems and drug toxicity. In this presentation we discuss the basis for this increased vulnerability and suggest strategies that practicing physicians can use to minimize both compliance problems and drug toxicity. PMID- 712863 TI - Drugs and nutrition. AB - The importance of a balanced diet with proper quantities of foods cannot be overemphasized. Consideration must be given also to food's digestion and absorption, transport to tissues, and utilization by cells. Interference during any stage of this process can result in nutritional deficiency. Certain foodstuffs can alter susceptibility to a drug, and certain drugs can affect the nutritional status of an individual.There are special considerations to be taken in giving drugs to patients with certain diseases in the treatment of which diet therapy plays an important role. Extra consideration and monitoring must be done when dispensing certain drugs to such patients because of their special nutritional requirements. PMID- 712864 TI - Drug therapy in children. AB - Foolproof guidelines and rules for the administration of drug therapy to children are not available. In particular, the use of weight, height, and age as the basis for drug dose calculations can lead to serious errors in dosage. Extreme care must be used in the treatment of pregnant women as most drugs cross the placenta. The potential effects of a drug on the fetus must be weighed against the need for the drug in the mother.Special attention must be given to the lactating or breast feeding mother since most drugs are excreted in breast milk and potentially can adversely affect the nursing infant. Where possible, drug therapy in children should be avoided. If drugs are specifically indicated, the dosage should be calculated after considerable scrutiny of the total management and the goals of the management regimen. Careful followup of every child on even the simplest drug is mandatory. PMID- 712865 TI - Drugs and alcohol. AB - Millions of people in this country take medications, and millions drink alcohol. Both are drugs and have effects on the organs and systems with which they or their metabolites come in contact. This short article discusses some of the combined effects of prescribed drugs and alcohol on some systems, with special emphasis on the liver. PMID- 712866 TI - Altered states of consciousness. AB - Medicine, sex, and religion are presented as related areas of human thought and behavior in which people traditionally have sought temporary release from daily living. In essence, these areas represent a search for altered states of consciousness. The harmful way is through drug addiction.Five common characteristics are cited for the three areas. Examples of their universality are traceable by their omnipresence and their appearance in most childhood games especially those taking on sexual nuances-which are usually hidden from adults.If Eastern knowledge and control of bodily processes were geared to Western technology, mankind would benefit. PMID- 712867 TI - Look at it this way: some aspects of the drug mix-up problem among black, poor, aged, and female patients. AB - Black, poor, aged, and female patients are more susceptible to having to face problems of loneliness and stress, feelings offailure, sagging egos, and other psychological and emotional difficulties. Relief of these feelings is often found through artificial supports such as over-the-counter drugs. Because of the easy accessibility of such drugs as sleeping pills, weight control pills, and vitamins, an individual could have a bottle of almost any drug medication advertised in the media without physician supervision. Ignorance of the cumulative impact of mixing medications often leads to habit-forming results and significant side effects.A major step toward prevention of drug abuse is to know that someone cares and will reach out to patients before the problem drives them to seek relief from over-the-counter medications and drugs. A second major step is education about the hazards of mixing medicines without physician supervision. PMID- 712868 TI - Search for better health care in the black community. PMID- 712869 TI - Workshop conference management by objectives: a unique application. AB - This report highlights some personal observations of the tasks involved in developing, managing, and evaluating the Drug Mix-up Workshop/Conference. It concludes with recommendations for success in future projects. PMID- 712870 TI - A new noninvasive method for the simultaneous determination of cardiac output, VA/QC disparity, and the magnitude of peripheral perfusion, suitable for use in the critically ill patient. AB - A noninvasive technique for determining cardiac output, lung blood-tissue volume, and the volume of perfused body tissue in shock states has been developed from analysis of the pulmonary washout of several physiologically inert tracer gases. Canine preparations and a computer-based simulation were used to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of the technique. The dogs were ventilated with 10% helium, 10% N2O, 0.45% C2H2, 39.5% N2, and 40% O2 mixture, and washed out with 60% N2 and 40% O2. End-tidal volume excretion differences between the three inert gases helium, N2O, and C2H2 resulted from differences in the blood/gas partition constants (lambda) of the test gases. Helium, which has a very low lambda, is contained in lung air space, whereas N2O and C2H2, with moderate lambda's, are distributed to lung air space, blood, and perfused tissues. Computer modeling of the cardiopulmonary and body perfusion gas transport permitted calculation of alveolar ventilation, VA/VA disparity, pulmonary blood-tissue volume, pulmonary blood flow, VAQc, and perfused body volume in the canine experiments. In experimental shock settings and in a variety of control situations over an eightfold range of flows the pulmonary blood flow calculated from the N2O and C2H2 washout was generally within +/- 15% of the cardiac output determined by the cardiogreen technique. PMID- 712871 TI - Fracture healing in weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing bones. AB - Animal models demonstrated the differences in the process of fracture healing in weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing bones. Canine rib fractures regained strength properties rapidly; in canine radial fractures the return to normal stiffness levels was primary. The structural differences in fracture healing are probably functional and due more to biologic reorganization than to any measurable change in the biochemical components of the callus. PMID- 712872 TI - Tourniquet control of liver bleeding. AB - Many methods have been described for control of bleeding from the liver. We have found that the technique of simply securing a 2 1/2 cm (1-in) Penrose drain as a tourniquet around the left or right lobe of the liver is a rapid and effective method of obtaining hemostasis. The tourniquet can be used to temporaily control bleeding so individual points can be secured, or tied down onto the liver and removed later. This method has been used without complications in five patients with severe liver trauma. Serial liver function studies obtained on all patients found no significant alterations in any. PMID- 712873 TI - Effect of nicotinic acid on vascular permeability after thermal trauma in the rat. AB - Nicotinic acid has been suggested to decrease plasma volume loss after thermal injury. However, conflicting data have recently appeared, in reports of laboratory measurements of major derangements in cardiovascular function after large third-degree thermal injury. We investigated the microvascular effect of nicotinic acid on water and albumin leakage after a small second-degree thermal burn in the rat. No effect of nicotinic acid on albumin leakage was observed at 1/2 hour, 3 hours, or 6 hours; a minimal but significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in water content of burned tissue was observed 1/2 hour postinjury. Our studies confirm in rats previous work with sheep and dogs demonstrating that nicotinic acid has slight, if any, effect on fluid and protein loss after thermal injury. PMID- 712874 TI - Life-support training in high-density population centers. AB - Death and disability from ischemic heart disease, trauma, and other medical emergencies may be reduced significantly by developing an Emergency Medical Services system based on training for the nonmedical population in basic life support skills; this is particularly appropriate in high-density population centers where professional response time is complicated by confestion and traffic. A pilot project in New York City, which designed and implemented a first response capability for medical emergencies in corporations, using employees in a system congruent with the fire warden plans in effect, was completed in May 1977. To obtain an initial assessment of the medical impact of such training and the effectiveness of such a medical emergency response system during the pilot phase, The Regional Emergency Medical Services Council of New York City, Inc., obtained reports from the 24 participating corporations on all reported medical and surgical emergencies occurring in the working environment. The authors conclude that this approach to development of a first response-capability can provide an effective community base for an effective Emergency Medical Services system in urban areas. PMID- 712877 TI - Analysis of membrane structure in the transitional epithelium of rat urinary bladder. 1. The luminal membrane. PMID- 712875 TI - Rupture of the diaphragm in patients wearing seatbelts. AB - Six diaphragmatic ruptures seen in a consecutive series of 435 cases of blunt abdominal trauma (1946-1976) are analyzed. All of the ruptures were sustained in car accidents, three of them with fatal outcome after severe trauma with multiple injuries. Four of the patients wore safety belts: in three of them a rather specific injury combination occurred--diaphragmatic rupture, multiple costal fractures, and pelvic or vertebral fracture. The role of the seatbelt in the pathogenetic mechanism of the rupture is discussed, and the possibility that the cause is the placement too high on the trunk, especially in short individuals, is raised. PMID- 712876 TI - A wilderness emergency kit. PMID- 712878 TI - Fine structure of callus tissue derived from rhabdovirus-infected wheat. PMID- 712879 TI - Protein composition and structure of the sheath and core of a defective bacteriophage from Rhizobium. PMID- 712881 TI - Cilia of adult canine articular chondrocytes. PMID- 712880 TI - The lamina limitans of the organic bone matrix: formation in vitro. PMID- 712882 TI - Mode of filament assembly of myosins from muscle and nonmuscle cells. PMID- 712883 TI - Heterogeneity of cell junctions in rat aortic endothelium: a freeze-fracture study. PMID- 712884 TI - Fine structure of the garfish spermatozoon. PMID- 712885 TI - Formation of the chorion (zona pellucida) in the teleost, Oryzias latipes. III. Autoradiography of [3H]proline incorporation. PMID- 712886 TI - Chemical dissection and negative staining of the bladder luminal membrane. PMID- 712887 TI - The structure of sperm from Panulirus, the spiny lobster, with special regard to the acrosome. PMID- 712888 TI - The complementary uses of nuclear medicine and ultrasound in the kidney. AB - Together, sonography and renal isotope techniques can provide greater information than either technique alone. These studies can replace excretory urography in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis and renal infarction. Arteriography is no longer necessary for the diagnosis of a pseudotumor, which has a specific isotope and a helpful sonographic appearance. The diagnosis of a renal abscess opposed to pyelonephritis can be made in a more definite fashion than is possible with other imaging techniques. We believe that the sonogram and isotope studies are particularly helpful in trauma because there is a more realistic assessment of the absence of renal function with isotopes than with the excretory urogram. One may detect hematoma within and around the kidney by ultrasonography. PMID- 712889 TI - Experimental and preliminary clinical experience with thermography for avascular nephrotomy. AB - A simple method is presented for demarcation between different arterial areas, which allows the performance of nephrotomies with minimal bleeding and subsequent renal ischemia. The thermal gradient that exists between the segment with occluded blood supply and the adjacent ones retaining their blood supply is defined by a liquid cholesterol crystal sheet. PMID- 712890 TI - Renal cyst puncture: utilization of pediatric guide wire technique and upright radiographic changers. AB - After puncture of a renal cyst with a polytetrafluoroethylene needle a pediatric 0.021-inch guide wire is inserted through a polytetrafluoroethylene sheath needle. The sheath is then advanced over the wire. The technique is controlled by fluoroscopy or performed under ultrasonography. Aspiration of the contrast material is performed, and then air and diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium are injected to outline the borders of the cyst. The patient is then taken to an upright and lateral radiographic changer for routine radiography in the upright and decubitus positions. PMID- 712891 TI - Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension associated with bilateral renal artery stenosis. AB - We report on 15 patients operated upon for renovascular hypertension associated with bilateral renal artery stenosis. Followup has been for 1 to 12 years. Four of 5 patients with positive split renal function studies and 3 of 5 patients with positive renal vein renin assays underwent unilateral operations on the positive side. All of these patients were cured or improved. The guide for unilateral operations in hypertensive patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis by angiography was the physiological information obtained from the preoperative screening tests, especially the plasma renin activity ratios of the 3 different veins and the split renal function studies. PMID- 712893 TI - Introduction of the Gibbons ureteral stent facilitated by antecedent percutaneous nephrostomy. AB - Patients in whom retrograde catheterization of the ureters has failed can have the Gibbons catheter placed by a new technique that requires no regional or general anesthesia. This technique entails antecedent percutaneous nephrostomy and passage of an angiographic catheter down the ureter. The catheterizing apparatus is attached to the angiographic catheter and then pulled into position. PMID- 712894 TI - A plea for antireflux operations in adults: review of 50 cases. AB - The results of antireflux operations in 41 cases of primary and 9 cases of secondary vesicoureteral reflux in adults are presented. Reflux was eliminated in all cases and there were no postoperative complications. Most patients had a long history of urinary tract infection preoperatively, which was eliminated in 64.1 per cent of the cases after surgical correction of the reflux. A relapse of infection occurred in 30.8 per cent of these cases. Chronic pyelonephritis remains active in 5.1 per cent of the cases. There were 6 patients with serum creatinine levels higher than 1.8 mg. per cent who underwent a successful antireflux procedure without an increase of serum creatinine levels. An antireflux operation should be preferred over long-term conservative management in most cases of symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux in adults less than 50 years old. PMID- 712892 TI - The treatment of renal cell carcinoma with solitary metastasis. AB - Between 1950 and 1970, 44 patients (2.5 per cent) with renal cell carcinoma and a solitary metastatic lesion were treated at our clinic. Generally, treatment was aggressive, involving nephrectomy and excision of the metastatic lesion when possible. Patients presenting with the primary and metastatic lesion at the same time did not do as well as patients who presented with metastasis after nephrectomy. An operation for the metastatic lesion seemed to offer the best results in patients who presented with the solitary metastatic lesion after nephrectomy. The prognosis was uniformly poor in patients presenting with the primary and secondary lesion together, regardless of the mode of therapy. However, an operation seemed to be better marginally and did produce an occasional long-term survival. PMID- 712896 TI - Neurogenic bladder in the woman with multiple sclerosis. AB - Fifty women with proved multiple sclerosis were grouped according to the severity of the disease (measured urodynamically) and followed for 5 years. All patients were asymptomatic initially. The symptoms, urodynamic results and therapy are discussed. As the disease progresses in a stepwise fashion bladder symptoms become more pronounced. With current methods of treatment and followup better control of the symptoms can be expected. PMID- 712895 TI - Ureteroneocystostomy in the treatment of reflux in neurogenic bladders. AB - There were 15 patients with neurogenic bladders, representing 23 renal units with reflux, who underwent reimplantation with the Politano-Leadbetter technique. The over-all success rate was 30 per cent. Failures, including persistent reflux or obstruction, were demonstrated on at least 1 side of all bilateral reimplantations and 3 of 7 unilateral procedures. These results are compared to those in the recent literature. We conclude that case selection, limiting the operation to only those patients with balanced bladders, will ensure uniformly good results. External sphincterotomy in patients with reflux may alter the clinical course, either obviating the need for reimplantation or creating a balanced bladder. Other forms of therapy, such as urinary diversion, are indicated only in those patients who persist with markedly abnormal bladders and renal deterioration. PMID- 712897 TI - Percutaneous radiofrequency sacral rhizotomy in the treatment of the hyperreflexic bladder. AB - Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy was performed on 7 patients with a hyperreflexic bladder to augment bladder capacity and to make intermittent clean catheterization more feasible or stop precipitous micturition. Urodynamic evaluations were done before and after rhizotomy. A successful result was achieved in 6 patients. Patient selection and methodology are discussed and some of the previously reported series of rhizotomies are compared to the present study. PMID- 712898 TI - Biopsy of apparently normal urothelium in patients with bladder carcinoma. AB - We obtained 246 cold cup biopsies from pre-selected sites of apparently non-tumor bearing bladder urothelium from 82 patients who presented with bladder cancer for the first time. Of 75 patients with transitional cell carcinoma 32 (43 per cent) suffered coincidental urothelial abnormalities, the most common being atypia. Significant abnormalities occurred more commonly (77 per cent) in association with high grade tumors than with low grade tumors (15 per cent). PMID- 712899 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - Medical records were reviewed for 17 consecutive patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. This number represented 6.5 per cent of all patients with bladder cancer seen during the study period. All 4 patients who underwent cystectomy and urinary diversion are well 3 1/2 to 6 1/2 years after treatment. All 13 patients treated with various other modalities are dead, with an average survival from diagnosis to death of 9 months. It is concluded that cystectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is not already stage D. PMID- 712900 TI - Spinal cord and nerve root lesions in children presenting with urinary dysfunction. AB - Three cases of bladder dysfunction as the first indication of tumors involving the spinal cord and sacral nerve roots are presented. The correct diagnosis was delayed in each instance. The relationship of such tumors to bladder dysfunction is discussed and the need for careful history and physical examination is stressed. It is emphasized that neurologic disease may present with urinary dysfunction. Neurological symptoms, physical findings and radiographic abnormalities of the spine should be noted. PMID- 712901 TI - Voiding pattern abnormalities in normal children: results of pharmacologic manipulation. AB - Urodynamic studies were done on 50 children with voiding pattern abnormalities, characterized by daytime incontinence, damp pants, nocturnal enuresis, frequency and recurrent urinary tract infections. These studies included cystometry, uroflowmetry and pelvic floor/external urethral sphincter electromyography. Of the 50 children studied 37 were treated with various pharmacological agents based on 8 recognized urodynamic patterns. Thirty-one children (84 per cent) became totally asymptomatic while on pharmacotherapy and 4 (11 per cent) demonstrated marked improvement in clinical symptoms during the course of this study. Appropriately directed urodynamic studies and treatment with specific pharmacological agents can treat (retrain) effectively children with voiding pattern abnormalities. PMID- 712903 TI - Cutaneous transureteroureterostomy as a form of diversion in children with a compromised urinary tract. AB - Our experience with children who require supravesical diversion in the face of a compromised urinary tract indicates that in selected cases transureteroureterostomy with cutaneous ureterostomy will lead to a stabilized urinary tract that will be free from infection and postoperative complications. PMID- 712902 TI - Late complications of long-term hemodialysis in children: clinical aspects and some measurable variables concerning parathyroid hormone, divalent ions, acid base metabolism, anemia, nutrition, growth and survival data. PMID- 712904 TI - The persisting mesonephric duct: high junction of vas deferens and ureter. AB - We describe 9 examples of a rare congenital anomaly in which the unduplicated ureter joined the vas and exhibited long persisting mesonephric ducts that resembled the ureter rather than the vas. Some of the kidneys were unexpectedly well developed. It is proposed that a cranial ectopic ureteral bud may have induced a metanephric kidney in the region of the mesonephros or the ectopic bud and the metanephric blastema were displaced cranially. PMID- 712905 TI - Ectopic vas deferens. AB - Two infants with ectopia of the vas deferens are described. To date 11 cases have been reported, comprising a total of 13 ectopic vas insertions, 2 of which are bilateral. A classification of 2 types of ectopic vas is presented with a discussion of their relationship to ureteral ectopias. An embryological hypothesis of a proximal vas precursor segment of the wolffian duct is related closely to Stephens' theory of ureteral development. PMID- 712906 TI - Urologic complications of neonatal umbilical arterial catheterization. AB - Two cases are presented illustrating the emergent and potentially lethal complications of neonatal umbilical artery catheterization that may confront the pediatric urologist. Immediate aortography via the umbilical artery catheter usually will be diagnostic. Prompt surgical intervention is advocated if uncontrollable renovascular hypertension or a false aneurysm is found. PMID- 712907 TI - Gallium-67 tomographic radionuclide imaging in pyelonephritis: a report of two cases;. PMID- 712908 TI - Anuria secondary to renal artery obstruction in a solitary kidney: 9-year followup. AB - A patient with a prior nephrectomy for renovascular hypertension experienced complete anuria secondary to renal artery occlusion. Revascularization 75 hours later resulted in prompt diuresis, recovery of renal function and a 9-year survival. Serial preoperative renal function studies are presented. Deterioration of renal function and recurrent hypertension are believed to have heralded the onset of arterial obstruction to a solitary kidney. The literature concerning the etiology of renal artery occlusion and the rationale for therapy are reviewed. PMID- 712910 TI - Extraction of ureteral calculi from patients with ileal loops: a new technique. AB - A technique is described by which calculi can be removed from the distal ureters of patients with ileal conduit urinary diversions. A percutaneous nephrostomy is done and an angiogram catheter is manipulated down the ureter past the obstruction. After the angiogram catheter is retrieved from the loop with a Bumpus forceps a stone basket is attached, pulled up the ureter and opened. The stone can then be captured under fluoroscopic control and, by replacing the stone basket with a silicone splint, the ureteroileostomy also can be splinted. This may be important particularly if there is extravasation from the ureteroileostomy after stone manipulation or operation. PMID- 712909 TI - Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and detrusor hyperreflexia leading to hydronephrosis during intermittent catheterization. AB - Two cases of spinal cord injury with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and detrusor hyperreflexia are presented. In 1 patient bilateral hydronephrosis developed between 3 and 7 months after injury while he was on intermittent catheterization. In the other patient early sphincterotomy (3 1/2 months post-injury) was not followed by upper tract changes. Urodynamic evaluation should be done before intermittent catheterization is continued for more than 3 months after spinal cord injury. The importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia associated with detrusor hyperreflexia is discussed. PMID- 712911 TI - Long blind-ending ureteral duplications. AB - Long blind-ending ureteral duplications can be symptomatic and require surgical intervention. Three patients with long blind-ending ureteral duplications had prominent reflux and required either resection of the blind ureter and ureteral reimplantation or nephroureterectomy. PMID- 712912 TI - Ureterolymphatic backflow. AB - A case is reported of apparent radiologic demonstration of a communication between a completely obstructed distal ureter and its draining lymphatics in a patient with invasive bladder tumor involving the ureteral orifice. PMID- 712913 TI - Association of HLA-B27 antigen with retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - This is the second known case of retroperitoneal fibrosis in a middle-aged black man whose tissue type was HLA-B27 positive. The HLA-B27 antigen is present in only 4 per cent of black American male subjects and may be important in the diagnosis and management of patients with primary retroperitoneal fibrosis. A genetic predisposition is suggested for the development of idiopathic primary retroperitoneal fibrosis in patients who are HLA-B27 antigen positive. PMID- 712915 TI - Dorsal cutaneous penile hump: a key to occult chordee. PMID- 712914 TI - Urethral valves as a cause of dilated Cowper's glands and perineal pain. AB - Symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction are the most frequent manifestation of congenital posterior valves. A case is presented in which the initial symptom was perineal pain. Diagnosis was delayed because of a false diagnosis of prostatitis. Urethrography and cystography showed posterior urethral valves and dilated Cowper's glands. Bilateral incisions of the valves with the knife electrode resulted in disapperance of the pain and regression of the dilated Cowper's glands. PMID- 712916 TI - Polyorchidism with normal spermatogenesis and equal sized testes: a theory of embryological development. PMID- 712917 TI - Solitary leiomyoma of the prostate presenting as an encrusted intravesical mass. AB - A leiomyoma of the prostate presented as an encrusted intravesical mass on excretory urography. A prostatic leiomyoma usually is benign and is relatively rare with only 41 cases reported previously. Surgical and pathological findings and differential diagnosis are presented. PMID- 712918 TI - Estrogen-induced porphyria cutanea tarda complicating treatment of prostatic carcinoma. AB - A case of porphyria cutanea tarda secondary to stilbestrol in a man with carcinoma of the prostate is reported. PMID- 712919 TI - Symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infections in men: limitations of quantitative urine cultures. AB - Occasionally, physicians have discarded the diagnosis of acute symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infection when the urine coutn failed to approach or exceed 100,000 organisms per ml. Previous studies done in women have established the fact that sole reliance cannot be placed on this value to exclude the diagnosis of symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infection. A retrospective analysis of the charts of male patients, with an unequivocal diagnosis of symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infection, demonstrates the limitations of the urine colony count as a diagnostic test in men. PMID- 712920 TI - Percutaneous renal calculus extraction. PMID- 712921 TI - Peyronie's disease and penile implantation. PMID- 712922 TI - Computerized dynamic heart function studies gaining favor. PMID- 712923 TI - Nuclear stethoscope: new cardiac monitoring tool. PMID- 712924 TI - New look at diabetes' effect on vasculature. PMID- 712926 TI - Assessing muscle strength isokinetically. PMID- 712925 TI - Is a back rub hazardous to health? PMID- 712927 TI - Seizure disorders among prisoners. PMID- 712928 TI - Phantom itching relieved by scratching phantom feet. PMID- 712929 TI - Similarity of drug names. PMID- 712930 TI - Tolbutamide-associated hyponatremia. PMID- 712931 TI - Abuse of trihexyphenidyl. PMID- 712932 TI - Biopsy of melanoma. PMID- 712933 TI - Inflammatory oncotaxis. PMID- 712934 TI - Vogue words--ectopic language. PMID- 712935 TI - Xenon ventilation-perfusion lung scans. The early diagnosis of inhalation injury. AB - The use of xenon Xe 133 ventilation-perfusion lung scans for the early diagnosis of inhalation injury was evaluated in 67 patients with acute thermal burns. Study results were interpreted as normal if there was complete pulmonary clearance of the radioactive gas by 150 seconds. Thirty-two scans were normal, 32 abnormal, and three technically inadequate. There were three true false-positive study results and one false-negative study result. Good correlation was found between the scan results and various historical, physical, and laboratory values currently used to evaluate inhalation injury. The scans appeared to be the most sensitive method for the detection of early involvement, often being abnormal several days before the chest roentgenogram. Xenon lung scanning is a safe, easy, accurate, and sensitive method for the early diagnosis of inhalation injury and has important therapeutic and prognostic implications as well. PMID- 712936 TI - Abdominal epilepsy. A cause of abdominal pain in adults. AB - Four patients, aged 17 to 47 years, had paroxysmal abdominal pain associated with symptoms suggestive of a CNS disturbance. None had a discernible primary gastrointestinal process, but each had EEG abnormalities and a striking response to anticonvulsant medication. These findings suggest that abdominal epilepsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained paroxysmal abdominal pain. PMID- 712937 TI - Hospital costs and mortality attributed to nosocomial bacteremias. AB - Hospital patients with nosocomial bacteremia and matched hospital control patients without this infection were used to determine the excess hospital costs and mortality attributed to nosocomial bacteremias. Mortality was 14 times greater in patients with nosocomial bacteremia than in matched members of the control group with the same primary diagnoses. An itemized cost analysis, based on 81 case-control pairs, showed an average excess of approximately $3,600 in direct hospital costs for patients who had nosocomial bacteremias. It is estimated that only 24% of the total excess costs to these hospital patients are preventable. Patients with nosocomial bacteremia had an average hospitalization period that was 14 days longer than the average hospital stay for members of the control group. PMID- 712938 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in patients with pacemakers. AB - A patient with an R-wave inhibited permanent pacemaker required electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Possible interference by this therapy with pacer functioning through external interference or internal interference by inhibitory myopotentials was eliminated by temporary conversion to fixed rate pacing before ECT. PMID- 712939 TI - Disseminated Cryptococcus treated with transfer factor. AB - Cardiac toxic reactions and pulmonary consolidation in the left lower lobe developed in a patient who was receiving amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. Following surgical resection of the lobe, multiple subcutaneous cryptococcal abscesses appeared. Flucytosine administered intravenously failed to eradicate the lesions. Transfer factor therapy and multiple drainage procedures elimniated the skin abscesses. Transfer factor therapy was administered for one year; the patient was asymptomatic 16 months after therapy was discontinued. PMID- 712941 TI - Solitary renal calix. PMID- 712940 TI - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis with upper motor neuron findings. PMID- 712942 TI - Good medical care is caring. PMID- 712943 TI - Home-style nursing. PMID- 712944 TI - 'Behavioral' vision test useful in infancy. PMID- 712946 TI - Will short-term TB therapy regimens work? PMID- 712945 TI - How do things stand with cisplatin? PMID- 712947 TI - Clonidine may relieve opiate withdrawal symptoms. PMID- 712948 TI - Drug package inserts for patients. PMID- 712949 TI - Abuse of spouses. PMID- 712950 TI - Blood pressure measurement. PMID- 712952 TI - Treatment of hypertension. PMID- 712951 TI - Academic family medicine. PMID- 712953 TI - Cardiac complications of liquid protein diets. PMID- 712954 TI - Detecting digitalis toxicity. PMID- 712955 TI - On rules and regulations. PMID- 712956 TI - Undetected tuberculosis in prison. Source of infection for community at large. AB - Discovery of two cases of infectious tuberculosis in a state prison in 1976 prompted a careful study of the entire population of 1,500. Eight more cases were found, giving a morbidity of 670/100,000 (arkansas rate, 21.1). The epidemic was aborted by the use of isoniazid and the establishment of a program for screening and periodic retesting. Clear evidence was found for intramural spread of the infection, and eight of 16 persons with clinical tuberculosis from 1975 to 1977 had entered the prison uninfected. Nine percent of 800 men with tuberculosis in Arkansas from 1972 through 1977 had "done time" in this particular prison. In January 1978 a child died of tuberculosis transmitted from a former inmate who had been infected while incarcerated in 1976 but released without therapy. Tuberculosis morbidity was 6.5 times greater in state prisons than in the general population. PMID- 712957 TI - Myocardial infarction and other vascular diseases in young women. Role of estrogens and other factors. AB - We studied 83 women younger than 46 years with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and 154 controls. There was a strong positive association between MI and the following: (1) age, (2) both oral contraceptive and noncontraceptive estrogen use, (3) cigarette smoking, and (4) the presence of predisposing medical conditions, eg, past MI, hypertension, and diabetes. ABO blood type and family history of arterial disease were also positively associated with MI. Whereas the risks for idiopathic stroke and venous thromboembolism have also been shown to be increased among oral contraceptive users, there is comparatively little correlation between these two illnesses and age or smoking in young women. The present study, taken together with previously published work, provides reasonable estimates of the vascular risks associated with oral contraceptive use. PMID- 712958 TI - Fatal compulsive water drinking. AB - In two cases of psychogenic polydipsia, water intoxication developed and contributed to the patient's death. The treatment of the patient with psychogenic polydipsia has been based on the presumed reversibility of the condition. Treatment of such patients must be reconsidered in light of these deaths. PMID- 712959 TI - Thrombocytopenia associated with antiheparin antibody. PMID- 712960 TI - Death behind bars. PMID- 712961 TI - Unsuspected esophageal perforation. PMID- 712962 TI - Cancer staging. PMID- 712963 TI - Medical care in prisons. PMID- 712964 TI - The radiology of cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 712965 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea in Georgia family: is it hereditary? PMID- 712967 TI - Thyrotoxicosis with painless goiter may recur or develop into hypothyroidism. PMID- 712966 TI - Breast-feeding lauded by pediatricians. PMID- 712968 TI - From the NIH: echocardiographic studies indicate that with age, left ventricular filling rate decreases substantially. PMID- 712969 TI - From the NIH: consensus group does not recommend mass screening for colorectal cancer; mortality reduction not shown. PMID- 712970 TI - Echoacousia in Gerstmann syndrome. PMID- 712971 TI - The coexistence of multiple myeloma with other neoplasia. PMID- 712972 TI - Methadone for pain. PMID- 712973 TI - Parents' understanding of genetic risk data in genetic counseling. PMID- 712974 TI - Oxacillin-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 712975 TI - Unsaturated fatty acids in infant formula. PMID- 712976 TI - Liquid protein diet magnesium dificiency and cardiac arrest. PMID- 712977 TI - Effect of physical conditioning on serum creatine kinase after exercise. PMID- 712978 TI - Pericardial drainage. PMID- 712979 TI - Rubella-vaccinated students. Follow-up in a public school system. AB - In a 7 1/2-year follow-up evaluation of the duration of rubella-vaccine-induced immunity of students who received either HPV-77 DK-12 or Cendehill vaccine, both groups showed a continous decline in hemagglutination-inhibition antibody from seven weeks after vaccination but a lower decline between 4 1/2 and 7 1/2 years after vaccination. However, at 7 1/2 years only 16 students (8%) receiving the Cendehill vaccine and one student (0.5%) receiving the HPV-77 DK-12 vaccine lacked detectable antibody. Despite the persistence of antibody titers, there was evidence of subclinical rubella among both groups of vaccinated students. These results emphasize the importance of continued evaluation of the conditions of persons receiving rubella vaccine. PMID- 712980 TI - Aarskog syndrome. New findings and genetic analysis. AB - A patient had several unusual findings that, to our knowledge, have not previously been reported in the Aarskog syndrome (facio-digital-genital syndrome). On the basis of published pedigrees, the data strongly support an X linked recessive mode of inheritance. PMID- 712981 TI - Megavitamins for minimal brain dysfunction. A placebo-controlled study. AB - Preliminary to a stimulant comparison study, 31 children with minimal brain dysfunction randomly received either placebo or a megavitamin combination. During a two-week trial, only two children responded so well that stiumlants were not considered necessary; both were in the placebo group. Change scores from pretest to posttest on four blind ratings by teachers and parents did not show a significant difference between the placebo and vitamin groups. PMID- 712982 TI - Tamoxifen flare in advanced breast cancer. AB - The antiestrogen tamoxifen citrate is an effective antitumor agent in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. The drug has produced relatively few and generally mild side effects. However, a not uncommon clinical phenomenon that may falsely suggest premature discontinuation of tamoxifen therapy has become evident to us and has not yet been sufficiently emphasized in the literature. We have designated this phenomenon as the tamoxifen flare. It consists of transient, at times severe, increase in pain with an apparent worsening of the patient's clinical status occurring within the first few weeks of therapy. In each of six patients experiencing this flare (45 patients treated) pain subsided despite continuation of tamoxifen therapy, followed by a partial remission lasting from six to 20 months. PMID- 712983 TI - Rural health care. Medical issues. AB - Problems in the provision of health care to rural areas in the United States include the distribution of health workers, health care facilities, preventive services, quality of care, and economics. The problems must be clearly identified and defined if solutions are to be effective, and the cooperation of several sectors of the community is required. Community organization and political activity are often necessary to convince legislators and medical schools to assist rural communities in a solution of their major problems. PMID- 712985 TI - Aortic insufficiency with mild ankylosing spondylitis in black men. AB - Two black male patients with aortic insufficiency were later found to have mild, asymptomatic ankylosing spondylitis, evident from roentgenograms and from the presence of HLA-B27 antigen. The two cases emphasize the even "subclinical" ankylosing spondylitis may have aortic insufficiency, and that the uncommon occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis in black patients may also be associated with this extra-articular manifestation. PMID- 712984 TI - Inaccuracy of house staff in reading throat cultures. AB - The low prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis in our pediatric clinic during a normally high-prevalence period encouraged us to examine the accuracy of throat culture readings made by the house staff. Six pediatric residents processed 256 cultures, which were then reinterpreted by a microbiologist. The residents consistently underread the cultures, failing to identify 68 (60%) of 112 with beta-hemolysis and 23 (58%) of 40 with a zone of bacitracin inhibition. This inaccuracy in interpretation of throat cultures emphasizes the physician's need to periodically reassess these skills. PMID- 712986 TI - Resolution of postvagotomy dysphagia. PMID- 712987 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and chronic gouty arthropathy. PMID- 712988 TI - Renal failure in phenazopyridine overdose. PMID- 712989 TI - A new look at an old hat. PMID- 712990 TI - Service vs education. PMID- 712991 TI - Adoption of international system of units for clinical chemistry. PMID- 712992 TI - Autotransfusion for surgery: a comeback? PMID- 712993 TI - Stress' route through brain to heart. PMID- 712994 TI - Measles immunization. PMID- 712995 TI - Complications of measles: potentially devastating. PMID- 712996 TI - Adhesive straps in electronic fetal monitoring. PMID- 712997 TI - Resin hemoperfusion in acute digoxin intoxication. PMID- 712999 TI - Genesis of heart sounds. PMID- 712998 TI - Sweat tests. PMID- 713000 TI - Discoloration of stools from beets. PMID- 713001 TI - Familial mediterranean fever (periodic peritonitis) PMID- 713002 TI - Screening for colorectal cancer. PMID- 713003 TI - Vasculitis and melphalan. PMID- 713004 TI - Gastrointestinal series in patients with gallstones. PMID- 713005 TI - Emergency treatment of insect-sting allergy. PMID- 713006 TI - Hemoperfusion in the management of digoxin toxicity. AB - Resin hemoperfusion was used in a long-term dialysis patient who inadvertently ingested a quadruple dose of digoxin for five days. Severe gastrointestinal symptoms improved, and impressive plasma digoxin clearances were observed. Cellulose-coated activated charcoal was used in another patient who had ingested a massive dose of digoxin. Gastrointestinal and CNS symptoms improved, and second degree heart block with life-threatening bradycardia cleared during hemoperfusion. Digoxin toxicity may be added to the list of conditions that can be treated by this method. PMID- 713007 TI - Prognostic importance of pruritus in Hodgkin's disease. AB - In 1971 participants in the Ann Arbor Conference on Hodgkin's disease thought that pruritus had no independent prognostic importance. We reviewed our series of patients with Hodgkin's disease and found six patients in whom severe itching was a major clinical problem. When compared with similarly treated patients without pruritus, these patients appeared to have more-aggressive disease. Severe itching, alone or with B symptoms, needs further study, since it may presage a poor prognosis. PMID- 713008 TI - Metastatic non-oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Therapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine (CAMP). AB - Fifty-four patients with metastatic non-oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), methotrexate, and procarbazine hydrochloride (CAMP). Eighteen of 51 of these patients with measurable disease showed an objective response to CAMP chemotherapy, with a median survival of 12.6 months. Eight of the 18 patients are still alive, and two have been in continuous remission for 20 and 26 months. Survival for patients with stable disease was 12 months, similar to that for patients demonstrating objective regression in response to CAMP treatment. Weight loss, performance status, and dominant site of metastases proved to be important prognostic factors. The CAMP regimen was well tolerated; there were only two drug related deaths, both secondary to infectious complications. PMID- 713009 TI - Routine chest roentgenography in pregnancy. AB - In an effort to determine if routine prenatal chest roentgenograms were of practical value, the records of 12,109 consecutive deliveries at the Mayo Clinic were reviewed retrospectively. The roentgenograms were obtained during the first or second prenatal visit and additionally when warranted by notable symptoms or physical findings in subsequent prenatal visits. Forty-eight patients had appreciable roentgenographic abnormalities. The findings of the general medical examination (which was routinely done at the first prenatal visit) were reviewed to determine if the chest abnormalities would have been suspected from the results of physical examination alone. In every case, a positive history or abnormal physical finding would have suggested the presence of the major abnormality or of the need for roentgenography to be performed. PMID- 713010 TI - Telemedicine in pediatric primary care. Favorable experience in nurse-staffed inner-city clinic. AB - Off-site pediatric consultation via bidirectional cable television (TV) was instituted to provide backup for nurse practitioners treating sick and well children in a small primary-care clinic. During a year of study of the system, there were 2,161 clinic visits and 285 TV consultations. When both TV and telephone consultation were available, TV was used for 10.8% of the visits, and telephone was used for 9.6% of visits. Staff reactions, though initially skeptical, were ultimately favorable. The system allowed pediatric nurse practitioners to function without on-site physician coverage 40% of the time. The main disadvantages were technical. Further work is needed to assess the reliability and validity of TV consultation and its acceptability in other settings. PMID- 713011 TI - Prazosin in the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma. AB - In a patient with paraganglioma, severe hypertension due to high levels of plasma norepinephrine was easily controlled with prazosin hydrochloride, 6 to 8 mg/day for 19 days before surgery. A prolonged antihypertensive response to the first two 1-mg doses suggested the presence of pheochromocytoma. This experience dramatizes the remarkable effectiveness of prazosin as a postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor blocker and invites further trials of the drug for both the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma. PMID- 713013 TI - Digoxin therapy during T-tube biliary drainage in man. PMID- 713012 TI - Clinical evaluation of new office spirometer. AB - The accuracy of a simple, pneumatic, direct-recording spirometer suitable for office use was evaluated by comparing spirometry on a water-sealed, 13.5-liter, water-filled spirometer for 120 patients. Good correlation between the two spirometers was seen through a wide range of values for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced expiratory flow during 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity, with coefficients of correlation being .988, .988, and .948, respectively. All correlations were significant. The pneumatic spirometer is accurate, simple to operate, and suitable for spirometry in the office and clinic. PMID- 713014 TI - Cardiac effects of lightning stroke. PMID- 713015 TI - Unilateral primary hematuria. PMID- 713016 TI - A maneuver to reverse Raynaud's phenomenon of the fingers. PMID- 713017 TI - Saving the hypothermic patient. PMID- 713018 TI - Hemoperfusion in drug overdose. PMID- 713019 TI - Neoplastic epidural spinal cord compression. A current perspective. PMID- 713020 TI - A temporal profile of changes in myocardial copper after isoproterenol induced cardiac necrosis. AB - The changes in myocardial copper were studied over a period of five days after producing myocardial necrosis in albino rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Two different doses of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg & 42.5 mg/kg) were used to study the effect of variation in the extent of myocardial damage on the behaviour of myocardial copper. It was interesting to note that there was mainly an increase in myocardial copper with the lower dose of isoproterenol whereas there was mainly a fall in myocardial copper with the higher dose of isoproterenol. It has been hypothesized that this difference in behaviour of myocardial copper with respect to the different doses of isoproterenol is related to the extent of the myocardial tissue which escapes injury. Confirmation of myocardial necrosis was done by ECG, enzymes (SGOT, SGPT & LDH) and histology. Estimation of myocardial copper was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer 303). PMID- 713021 TI - Effects of graded coronary constriction on regional oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in outer and inner layers of the canine myocardium. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of graded coronary constriction on regional gas tensions of the myocardium. In 12 open chest dogs, tissue carbon dioxide (PtCO2) and oxygen (PtO2) tensions were measured simultaneously in outer and inner layers of the myocardium using a mass spectrometer. In normal condition, higher PtO2 and lower PtCO2 were observed in outer layer than in inner layer. With application of coronary constriction, increase in PtCO2 and decrease in PtO2 were observed in both layers of the myocardium, but the response to the ischemic stimuli by applying coronary constriction in inner layer was different from that in outer layer. Severe coronary constriction, more than 90% in its diameter, was necessary to produce significant changes in both gas tensions in both layers of the myocardium. Decrease in PtO2 was found in the condition of less severe coronary constriction and to be greater in inner layer than in outer layer of the myocardium. In terms of the changes in PtCO2, inner layer was also more susceptible to the ischemic stimuli than outer layer. The greater and earlier elevation of PtCO2 in inner layer than in outer layer is regarded as one of the possible mechanisms of the reduction of myocardial contraction in the early stage of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 713022 TI - Studies on the QRS wave of the spatial magnitude electrocardiogram in ventricular septal defect. AB - The QRS wave of the spatial magnitude electrocardiogram (ECG) was investigated in 86 cases of the ventricular septal defect (VSD). The relationship between the amplitude and the time interval of QRS wave of the spatial magnitude ECG and the various hemodynamic parameters obtained by the right heart catheterization and the defect area ascertained during the operations were evaluated. PMID- 713023 TI - Glucose tolerance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In order to clarify the relationship between essential hypertension and glucose metabolism, and to approach the pathophysiology or the etiology of essential hypertension, we examined glucose tolerance test (GTT) using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as models. SHR, namely stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) and stroke-resistant SHR (SHRSR) always had higher serum glucose levels at each GTT phase than normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats. They also tended to show higher levels in the young even at 5 weeks of age rather than in the adult. These results indicate that hyperglycemic tendency or lower glucose tolerance may be a characteristic of spontaneous hypertension and may be related to the mechanism of hypertension. PMID- 713025 TI - Hyperuricemia associated with hypertension. A 4-year follow-up study of hyperuricemic hypertensives. AB - We investigated the prognosis of 153 hypertensive patients, whose initial concentration of serum uric acid had been evaluated. One hundred and seventeen subjects could be followed up after 4 years and 16 of them died during the follow up period. Cerebrovascular disease was seen in 6 subjects, 4 of whom died from the disease. Myocardial infarction and heart failure occurred in 9 and 7 of them died as a result. The frequency of these diseases was greater among the hyperuricemic group and 8 of the 11 who died belonged to this group. Four men were struck by gouty attacks. They were all hyperuricemic and had been proven to have at least one family member with asymptomatic hyperuricemia and/or gout. It is reasonable to regard the presence of hyperuricemia as one of the poor risk factors for vascular diseases. I addition, we must investigate more closely personal and family histories of gout when we see hyperuricemic subjects, regardless of absence of gouty symptoms. PMID- 713024 TI - The absorption of digitoxin in patients with acute and chronic diarrhea. PMID- 713026 TI - A-V block and A-V dissociation in electrocardiographic surveys of middle school students. AB - (1) ECG surveys were performed on 12,523 middle school students. The incidence of A-V block was 0.04% (0.37% in males and 0.43% in females). The incidence of A-V dissociation was 0.11% (0.09% in males and0.13% in females). (2) There was no case of Mobitz type II or complete A-V block in this survey. (3) Sixty-four school students were picked at random from the students with A-V block who had been diagnosed by ECG surveys during the last there years and were given the Master's two-step test. The following four types of response were recognized; Type 1, Type 2, Type 3A, B, C, and Type 4. (4) Elevation of ASLO and antistreptkinase (ASK) were found in 6.4% and 13.5%, respectively. The serum cold agglutinin titer was elevated in four of the 12 students tested. (5) Most students with A-V block or A-V dissociation had no past history of severe disease or no major complaints. PMID- 713027 TI - Cytotoxicity assay against cultured heart cell in rheumatic heart disease. AB - Non-specific cytotoxicity of peripheral lymphocytes from healthy subjects was observed by stimulation of PHA and PWM. Peripheral lymphocytes from patients with reheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease was cytotoxic against 51Cr labelled cultured heart cells in vitro. PMID- 713028 TI - The metabolism of digitoxin in hepatic cirrhosis of human subjects. AB - Digitoxin, 1 mg, was orally administered to 12 cirrhotic patients (the 6 in a clinically compensated and the 6 in a decompensated state) and their serum concentrations were measured at 6 hours and everyday through 7 days by radioimmunoassay. The serum half-life of digitoxin in these groups and normal subjects, determined from the serum concentrations, was as follows: 4.7 +/- 0.55 days for controls, 4.9 +/- 0.45 days for the compensated group and 5.3 +/- 0.35 days for the decompensated group. No statistically significant difference could be found in half-life among these groups. (P less than 0.2). The same dose of digitoxin was orally administered to 6 cirrhotic patients and 6 control subjects and their left ventricular systolic time intervals, LVET and QS2, were determined at 6 hours and every morning for 7 days. Cardiac responses, exhibited by decrease in the systolic time intervals, in both control subjects and cirrhotic patients dissipated in fair parallel during the ensuing 4 days and returned to base line level by 5 days. From these both biological half-life and physiological effect, it may be concluded that overall metabolism of digitoxin in cirrhotic patients is not disturbed. PMID- 713029 TI - Mitral insufficiency secondary to mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. A case report of successful surgical treatment. AB - A three-year-old girl with mitral regurgitation due to mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) but with normal coronary arteries was treated surgically. Although no definite pathologic lesions causing severe mitral regurgitation except for dilatation of the mitral annulus were found at operation, some minor changes implied focal ischemia of the posterior papillary muscle. A poster-medial annuloplasty was performed without significant residual regurgitation. This is the first patient successfully treated by surgery for mitral valve incompentence due to MCLS. However, additional clinical experiences will be needed to evaluate surgical treatment for this group patients. PMID- 713030 TI - [The prognosis of 80 cases with dissecting aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 713031 TI - [Studies on heart failure in old age. (Part I) Clinical and hemodynamic characteristic in elderly patients with heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 713032 TI - [Effects of fosfomycin sodium upon renal functions (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of fosfomycin-sodium (FOM-Na) upon renal functions were studied with male rats. 1) After fasting for 24 hours, 25 ml/kg body weight of physiological saline were orally administered and respectively 160 and 320 mg/kg of FOM-Na were intraperitoneally administered immediately thereafter. The subsequent urinations amounts at 4 hours' interval were determined to see no effect of FOM-Na upon the urination amount. 2) After suspending water supply for 2 days, 1,000 mg/kg of FOM Na were intraperitoneally administered once a day for successive 2 days. On the 3rd day, 50 ml/kg of dextran were intraperitoneally administered, and one hour thereafter, 1,000 mg/kg of FOM-Na were intramuscularly administered to hind leg. Blood samples were collected the following day (suspension of water was continued until blood sample collection) to determine the BUN and UA in serum. FOM-Na was found exerting on reinforcing effect upon renal dysfunctions caused by dextran. PMID- 713033 TI - [Infection during treatment of leukemia, and its control. Clinical effect of gentamicin injected intravenously (author's transl)]. PMID- 713034 TI - [Study on tobramycin concentration in bone marrow (author's transl)]. AB - Tobramycin (TOB) concentration in the bone marrow of tibia was examined 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after intramuscular injection of 60 mg: TOB concentration in the bone marrow of tibia 1 hour after injection was 2.8 +/- 0.578 microgram/ml. Ratio to serum was 87.5%. TOB concentration in the bone marrow of tibia 2 hours after injection was 1.6 +/- 0.480 microgram/ml. Ratio to serum was 94.1%. TOB concentration in the bone marrow of tibia 3 hours after injection was 1.1 +/- 0.337 microgram/ml. Ratio to serum was 84.6%. TOB concentration in the bone marrow of tibia 4 hours after injection was 0.8 +/- 0.372 microgram/ml. Ratio to serum was 80.0%. Penetration capacity of TOB into the bone marrow of tibia was excellent. PMID- 713035 TI - [A study on serum level and urinary excretion of fosfomycin-Na in man with special reference to pharmacokinetic analysis (author's transl)]. AB - FOM-Na was investigated on its distribution after a continuous intravenous drip infusion in 3 healthy adult volunteers, and its serum levels and urinary excretion were pharmacokinetically analyzed, while the excreted substance into urine was also analyzed with GC/MS. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The distribution volume of FOM-Na in one-compartment open model was 0.183 L/kg, half life in human body 1.66 hours and renal clearance 0.0737 L/hr/kg. 2. With these pharmacokinetic constants, the mean values following various doses demonstrated almost equal irrespective of its dosage schedule, keeping an almost constant level in each individual tested. 3. The area under serum level-time curve was approximately 216 microgram.hr/ml per 1 g (potency), and increased in proportion to an infused dose within the range of 1 approximately 6 g (potency). Three consecutive administrations showed no trend of accumulation of the agent in the serum. 4. Urinary excretion of the agent was found to be very fast, and its recovery rate from urine within 10 approximately 11 hours after the completion of an i. v. drip infusion was approximately 95 approximately 99%. 5. As a result of GC/MS on the substance excreted into urine, it was noted that FOM-Na was not metabolized in human body and excreted into urine in its original form. 6. There was seen no specific change in electrocardiogram during and/or after an intravenous drip infusion in 1 hour of 2 g (potency) FOM-Na dissolved in a 300 ml 5% glucose solution. PMID- 713036 TI - [Antibiotic treatment of experimental tularemia in mice with special reference to strong immunity established after treatment(author's transl)]. PMID- 713037 TI - [Salt-tolerance mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus: role of proline and water in osmoregulation of S. aureus (author's transl)]. PMID- 713038 TI - [Botulism of a new type--intraintestinal toxin production in infants and chickens (author's transl)]. PMID- 713040 TI - [Germination of Bacillus natto spores in the canine intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 713039 TI - [Effect of cyclophosphamide on lymphoid tissues of guinea pig (author's transl)]. PMID- 713041 TI - [Ring structures on the cell wall of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (author's transl)]. PMID- 713042 TI - [In vivo leukocyte chemotactic factor]. PMID- 713043 TI - [Relationship among coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin formation and factor XII]. PMID- 713044 TI - [Development of a new aspiration-biopsy instrument for bone marrow (author's transl)]. PMID- 713045 TI - [Congenital factor XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor) deficiency: report of two unrelated cases with episodes of intracranial bleeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 713048 TI - [Hemolysis in aplastic anemia]. PMID- 713046 TI - [Studies on blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in the three cases of cerebral infarction treated with urokinase. 1st report--120,000 I.U. administrated-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 713047 TI - [Hematological studies in patients with anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 713049 TI - [Daunomycin-and adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy--relationship between dosage of drugs and histopathological findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 713050 TI - [A case of Sjogren syndrome with a chief complaint of bleeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 713051 TI - [Phagocytic plasma cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 713052 TI - [Clinical studies of anemia associated with primary hypothyroidism--case reports and consideration on pathogenetic mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 713053 TI - [A case of small cell variant Sezary syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 713054 TI - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia with systemic amyloid deposition in fat tissue: an autopsy case (author's transl)]. PMID- 713055 TI - [Granulocyte transfusion by continuous flow filtration leukapheresis (CFFL) (author's transl)]. PMID- 713057 TI - [A case of acute erythroblastopenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 713056 TI - [Studies on a Japanese Burkitt lymphoma. Part 2. Serial transplantation of a Japanese Burkitt lymphoma cell line in hamsters (author's transl)]. PMID- 713058 TI - [So-called march hemoglobinuria caused by "kendo" exercise: a report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 713059 TI - [Pernicious anemia--the clinical and laboratory studies of sixteen cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 713060 TI - [Role of the kinin-system in essential hypertension]. PMID- 713062 TI - [Congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 713061 TI - [Shock and the kinin-system]. PMID- 713064 TI - [Case of isolated aldosterone deficiency]. PMID- 713063 TI - [Isolated tricuspid valve insufficiency--congenital and traumatic insufficiencies]. PMID- 713065 TI - [Serum prolactin level in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 713066 TI - [Radiographic studies of lung tumors. (3) Adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 713067 TI - [2 cases of asthma induced by wheat flour]. PMID- 713068 TI - Dendogram of chemical constituent in serum.--The effects of diseases on the dendogram [author's transl]. PMID- 713069 TI - [Malignant stromal cell tumor in the uterus and prostate--2 cases]. PMID- 713070 TI - [Dystrophia myotonica associated with thymoma--2 autopsy cases]. PMID- 713071 TI - [Malignant pheochromocytoma associated with adenomatoid transformation of Bowman's capsule epithelium--an autopsy case]. PMID- 713072 TI - [Diagnosis of infarction of the inferior wall by ECG--and vectorcardiography and a comparison with coronary arteriography--a study of 9 cases of right coronary embolism]. PMID- 713073 TI - [Changes in LV mass and LV volume and their relationship to vectorcardiographic changes]. PMID- 713074 TI - [U loop in idiopathic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 713075 TI - [Morphological studies of the bronchial gland--in relation to the defense mechanism of the bronchi]. PMID- 713076 TI - [Clinical usefulness of the 24 hour sputum]. PMID- 713077 TI - [Ultra-selective local arterial infusion of antineoplastic agents, with special reference to our method of using 2 guide wires]. PMID- 713078 TI - [Chemotherapy of acute leukemia]. PMID- 713079 TI - [Staining for iron]. PMID- 713081 TI - [Phagocytosis]. PMID- 713080 TI - [Nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction test]. PMID- 713082 TI - [DIC in diseases of the liver and biliary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 713084 TI - [DIC and whole blood viscosity (author's transl)]. PMID- 713083 TI - [DIC associated with surgical diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 713085 TI - [Concept of DIC (author's transl)]. PMID- 713086 TI - [The study of disseminated intravascular syndrome from the view-point of pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 713087 TI - [Platelet and granulocyte transfusion and HLA (author's transl)]. PMID- 713088 TI - [Some problems of HLA typing (author's transl)]. PMID- 713089 TI - [Morphological study of endometrial reticulin fibers in various hormonal stages and pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 713090 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of acute paraquat poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 713091 TI - [Treatment for cyanide compound in waste fluid containing cyanmethemoglobin with ultraviolet radiation. 1. Use of hydrogen peroxide jointly at the same time (author's transl)]. PMID- 713092 TI - [Pathophysiology and diagnosis of endocrine hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 713093 TI - [An investigation of the actual condition of hospital waste in the Chugoku and Shikoku District, and a survey of the clean analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 713095 TI - [Clean analysis for the department of clinical chemistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 713094 TI - [Evaluation of washing solutions--cleaning test tubes by simple immersion (author's transl)]. PMID- 713096 TI - [Separation of serum LDH isoenzymes by ion-exchange column chromatography and its clinical use (author's transl)]. PMID- 713097 TI - [An improved method for determination of carboxyhemoglobin concentration in blood by spectrophotometric analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 713098 TI - [Studies on the direct extraction method for determination of lead in blood by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 713099 TI - [A new method for making thyroglobulin sensitized cell using diamino-diphenyl sulfone (DDS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 713101 TI - [Measurement of blood gases (author's transl)]. PMID- 713100 TI - [Studies on the yeast-like fungi. II. Isolation and identification of yeast-like fungi from clinical specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 713103 TI - [The performance of Radiometer's "fully automatic blood gas analyzer" (author's transl)]. PMID- 713102 TI - [Intelligent automation on the IL 813 blood gas analyzer (author's transl)]. PMID- 713104 TI - [Quality control of blood gas analyzers (author's transl)]. PMID- 713105 TI - [Arterial blood gases analysis in pulmonary diseases--clinical aspect and treatment of respiratory failure with pulmonary infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 713106 TI - [Significans of blood gas analysis in anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 713107 TI - [Pathophysiological significance of acid-base balance and blood gas analysis in ICU (author's transl)]. PMID- 713108 TI - [Blood transfusion and laboratory data--chairman's introductory remarks (author's transl)]. PMID- 713109 TI - [Preparation and administration of blood component. Statistical studies of various tests after phlebotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 713110 TI - [Clinical problems of stored blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 713112 TI - [The influence of blood transfusion on clinical laboratory data in vivo and in vitro. b) Immunological and hematological influence. c) Others (chiefly effect on biochemical data) (author's transl)]. PMID- 713111 TI - [Changes in Hb-O2 dissociation curves and routine clinical chemical test results after transfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 713113 TI - [What a central clinical laboratory should be--general remarks (author's transl)]. PMID- 713114 TI - [Professional function in the clinical biochemistry laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 713115 TI - [Professional function in the hospital blood laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 713116 TI - [Professional function in the immunochemical laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 713117 TI - [Professional function in the morphological pathology laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 713118 TI - [The posture of central laboratory in clinical field (author's transl)]. PMID- 713119 TI - [Pathology of renal biopsy and its problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 713120 TI - [Immunological and biological studies on plasminogen in human fibrinogen reagents (author's transl)]. PMID- 713121 TI - [Stability of human factor V (author's transl)]. PMID- 713122 TI - Acute toxic effects of chaetoglobosin A, a new cytochalasan compound produced by Chaetomium globosum, on mice and rats. AB - A new cytochalasan compound, chaetoglobosin A produced by Chaetomium globosum, was studied for its toxicity to animals. By subcutaneous injection, 2 mg/kg body weight of chaetoglobosin A killed young Wistar rats acutely, and in the mouse of DDD strain, LD50 values of chaetoglobosin A were estimated 6.5 and 17.8 mg/kg for male and female, respectively. By oral administration, 400 mg/kg of chaetoglobosin A caused little adverse effect on mice and rats. Pathological examination of the mice, injected subcutaneously with 5 mg/kg of the toxin, revealed marked edema at the injection site which appeared in several hours after injection and subsided in a week. In other tissues necrosis of the thymus and spleen and degeneration of the spermatocytes in the testicles were noticeable. With characteristic cytotoxic effects like cytochalasin B, chaetoglobosin A is an interesting mycotoxin, although it may be of little significance as a food- or feed-borne toxin. PMID- 713123 TI - Studies on the adjuvant effect of water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion of sesame oil. 1. Enhanced and persistent antibody formation by antigen incorporated into the water-in-oil-in-water emulsion. AB - Water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion developed in our laboratory is as effective as water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) in the stimulation of antibody formation. The emulsion is prepared by redispersion of water-in-sesame oil emulsion of an antigen solution in phosphate buffered saline with emulsifier, Tween 80. The emulsion can be stored at 4 degrees C for at least 3 months without any evidence of change in the adjuvanticity and in the w/o/w state. Even a single injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the w/o/w emulsion elicited a high antibody response in mice over the period of almost whole lifespan. 10 microgram BSA in w/o/w could stimulate antibody formation up to 2(12) in hemagglutination titer, while the same dose in free solution did not elicit any detectable antibody. The tissue reactions caused by the w/o/w emulsion at the injected site and in the regional lymph nodes were much less prominent than those by FIA. PMID- 713124 TI - Mouse peritoneal macrophage reaction to gutta percha in vivo and in vitro. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were reacted with gutta percha, a kind of natural rubber, widely used as a root canal filling material in endodontic therapy. Fine gutta percha particles were phagocytized by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Gutta percha particles injected intraperitoneally stimulated peritoneal macrophages and accumulated in milky spots on the omentum. Pure gutta percha membranes implanted intraperitoneally were covered and penetrated by macrophages. Gutta percha point membranes were partly digested in the same environment. Thus, evidence was obtained that gutta percha is not biologically inert in the strict sense, but can activate the body's defensive mechanisms. PMID- 713125 TI - Thymus-dependent cytokinetics in transplantable leukemia of AKR mice. AB - Perinatally thymectomized AKR mice inoculated i.v. with acute lymphoblastic T cell leukemia (TAL) demonstrated, as compared to controls, an accelerated passage of injected cells through the lungs. Later in disease they also exhibited an especially intense infiltration of liver and spleen by leukemic blasts proliferating at a slow rate the big majority of cells being in the G0 + G1 phase. The thymus controls the proliferation and the traffic of leukemic cells in the recipient. PMID- 713126 TI - Toxic effects of rice culture of Aspergillus candidus and its metabolite, xanthoascin, on Japanese quails. AB - Laying Japanese quails were fed on diet of 1:1 mixture of basal diet and rice cultures of 2 strains of Aspergillus candidus. During 20 days of feeding, egg production was significantly reduced in these groups compared with the birds fed unmolded rice. The liver of the quails sacrificed at 20 days showed fatty degeneration of hepatic cells. Following withdrawal of the moldy rice, rate of egg production recovered in 5 days. The suppressive effect of egg production seems to be secondary to hepatic injury. In the other experiment, xanthoascin, a purified mycotoxin of A. candidus, was given subcutaneously between 2 to 5 mg/g body weight. In all groups mortality was about 80%. Survivors produced no eggs 10 days following the injection. The liver of quails that died in 1 to 4 days showed focal necrosis, fine droplet fatty degeneration and bile thrombosis of bile ductules. The features are similar to those observed previously in mice and rats, but the quail is far more sensitive to injected xanthoascin than rodents. PMID- 713128 TI - Cell-density dependent glycogen storage of rat liver cells in long-term culture. PMID- 713127 TI - Distribution of Oncomelania quadrasi in waters in the Philippines. PMID- 713130 TI - Bacteriological investigation on biopsy specimens from patients with sarcoidosis. AB - Biopsy specimens, mostly lymph nodes, removed under aseptic conditions, were emulsified and the homogenate was inoculated in various media, which were incubated aerobically or anaerobically. Only Propionibacterium acnes was isolated in high incidence and the highest concentration of bacteria was 6.5 X 10(5) per g tissue: 28 and 31 out of 40 lymph nodes were positive on solid and on liquid media, respectively. P.acnes was also isolated from control non-sarcoidosis lymph nodes: 4 and 8 out of 14 were positive on solid and on liquid media, respectively. The highest concentration of bacteria was 1 X 10(4). A bacterial component derived from P. acnes was used for the passive hemagglutination test to estimate antibodies against the bacterium and also for skin test on patients. These results showed only slight differences between patients with sarcoidosis and control patients. No other bacteria or fungi were isolated. PMID- 713129 TI - Augmented mitotic response of human peripheral lymphocytes in the presence of lymphocytes from nude mice: detection of a small number of functional human lymphocytes in the explanted host. AB - In the present paper, authors showed a method to detect a small number of functional human peripheral lymphocytes (HPL) in the presence of lymphoid cells of nude mouse (n-ML). HPL was mixed with n-ML to give a total number of 5 X 10(4) cells and cultured in vitro in the presence of PHA for 5 days. HPL responded will to PHA while n-ML did not, as assessed by 3H-TdR incorporation in the presence of the mitogen. Synergistic response between these two cell population was observed. Five--ten folds enhancement was shown by mixing 5 X 10(3) HPL and 4.5 X 10(4) n ML (10% of HPL) and 500 HPL became detectable by comixing with n-ML, while 5,000 HPL was the lowest limit to be detected in a single cell culture with this mitogen. The results seem to indicate that this method could detect functional HPL as small number as one percent of the cell mixture. On the other hand, xenogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction was observed when the percentage of HPL exceeded 40%. Mitomycin-C treatment of either HPL or n-ML revealed that a major part of cells incorporating 3H-TdR was HPL which could be activated by the stimulation with xenogeneic murine nucleated cells and that a smaller part of murien B cells were also stimulated by the HPL. PMID- 713131 TI - Etiological studies on a transmissible agent from sarcoid tissues using germ-free and nude mice. PMID- 713132 TI - Characterization of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from biopsy specimens obtained from patients with sarcoidosis. PMID- 713133 TI - Carcinogenesis in tissue culture. 29: Neoplastic transformation of a normal human diploid cell strain, WI-38, with Co-60 gamma rays. AB - WI-38 normal human diploid fibroblasts were exposed to Co-60 gamma rays 4 times at a total dose of 1400 rads and transformed into neoplastic cells in culture. The transformed WI-38 cells which are growing steadily without showing aging phenomena at the present time showed epithelial-like morphology, abnormal karyology, B-type isoenzyme pattern of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and produced sarcomas when transplanted into cheek pouches of hamsters treated with anti-hamster thymocyte serum. PMID- 713134 TI - Effect of strain differences on heat-susceptibility of L-asparaginase in the guinea pig. AB - Effect of urea on the activity of serum L-asparaginase in outbred guinea pigs (Hartley) was examined for comparison between heat-resistant and heat-sensitive types. The heat-resistant serum L-asparaginase was much more stable to urea treatment than the heat-sensitive serum enzyme, and the urea-inactivation of the serum enzyme was protected by Na+ or K+. Liver L-asparaginase of the guinea pig, in which the serum enzyme was resistant to heat, was also resistant to heat, and vice versa, although liver enzyme was much more sensitive to heat than serum enzyme. The heat inactivation of liver enzyme was also protected by Na+. Similar results were also demonstrated on purified serum L-asparaginase, although the amino acid compositions between the two purified enzyme preparations were slightly different. When the animal having heat-resistant serum L-asparaginase were crossed with each other, serum enzyme of the resultant progenies was also resistant to heat, and vice versa. The serum enzyme of two inbred strains (JY-1, Hartley/F) was thermostable and the enzyme of the other (Strain 2, Strain 13) was thermolabile. PMID- 713136 TI - [Gastrin cell (G cell) population of the gastroduodenal mucosa in patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 713135 TI - Solubilization of the H-2 antigen from hybrid cells of mouse mammary ascites tumor and mouse L cells at high cell concentrations in detergent. AB - Radioiodinated membrane components of L-FM3ANo.2 cells, which were hybrid cells of C3H/He mouse mammary ascites tumor and mouse L cells, were solubilized with non-ionic detergent Nonidet P-40 and immunoprecipitated with anti-H-2k sera. The immune complexes were reduced and subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When the cells were lysed at a concentration of 2 X 10(7) cells/ml in 0.5% NP-40 buffer, only H-2 molecules including beta2-microglobulin were precipitated, but when the cells were lysed at a concentration of 8 X 10(7) cells/ml in 0.5% NP-40 buffer, two labeled components corresponding to molecules of 105,000 daltons and 85,000 daltons, respectively, were observed in addition to the characteristic radioactive peaks of the H-2 antigen. Dilution of the latter detergent lysate with phosphate buffered saline exhibited no effect on the detection of the two additional components, while further treatment of the lysate with NP-40 buffer abrogated them to be detected. The results indicate that the H 2 molecules were solubilized as physical complexes with certain membrane components of L-FM3ANo.2 cells when the cells were lysed at high cell concentrations in detergent, and suggest that the H-2 molecules and certain membrane components may be physically associated with each other on the cell surface of L-FM3ANo.2 cells. PMID- 713137 TI - [Gastrointestinal disorders due to increased blood coagulation. II. Role of tissue fibrinolysis and lysosomal enzymes in an experimental DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) of dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 713138 TI - [A study of IgG antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with chronic active hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 713139 TI - [Biochemical changes of the serum and morphological alternations of the liver in strenuous exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 713140 TI - [Epithelial expansion of bile duct carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 713141 TI - [Malignant tumor of the pancreas. A clinical study based on autopsy cases from 1963 to 1975 in National Cancer Center Hospital (part 3) (author's transl)]. PMID- 713142 TI - [Studies of DHPN induced pancreatic carcinoma with emphasis on pancreatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 713143 TI - [Plasma secretin level and exocrine pancreatic secretion in response to intraduodenal infusion of fat and acid in conscious dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 713144 TI - [Two cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the large bowel (author's transl)]. PMID- 713145 TI - [Needs and problems of aging women--in comparison with aging men (author's transl)]. PMID- 713146 TI - [Aging in a biochemical sense (author's transl)]. PMID- 713147 TI - [Characteristics of cancer of the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 713148 TI - [Psychology of aging (author's transl)]. PMID- 713149 TI - [Preventive measures against the aging process of the central nervous system and prophylaxis of cerebral vascular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 713151 TI - [Mental health of the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 713152 TI - [Psychology and work of elderly people (author's transl)]. PMID- 713150 TI - [Prevention of the cardiovascular diseases of the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 713153 TI - [Aging and lipoperoxide--investigation by spectrophotometry and fluorometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 713154 TI - [Metabolic alteration of plasma lipoproteins--changes of lipoprotein compositions by dextran sulfate (author's transl)]. PMID- 713155 TI - [Relationship between serum estradiol levels and arterial calcification (author's transl)]. PMID- 713156 TI - [A study on evaluation of the cardiovascular regulation to tilting by noninvasive method. 1. Influence of age on the cardiovascular response to tilting (author's transl)]. PMID- 713157 TI - [A study on evaluation of the cardiovascular regulation to tilting by noninvasive method. 2. Influence of high blood pressure on the cardiovascular response to tilting (author's transl)]. PMID- 713158 TI - [Serum vitamin E levels in various diseases--mainly in hyperlipemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 713159 TI - [A study on microorganisms isolated from decubitus ulcers of the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 713160 TI - A preliminary serologic study of hepatitis A virus infection in Japan. AB - Ninety-eight acute non-B hepatitis cases recently observed in Japan and household contacts with these cases were subjected to serologic examinations for hepatitis A; 400 serum specimens obtained in 1971 from healthy individuals living in areas near Tokyo and 16 preparations of human immunoglobulin produced in Japan in 1975 and 1976 were examined for antibody to hepatitis A antigen. Hepatitis A virus infection was confirmed in all 25 patients and in 8 of 26 household contacts found in association with non-B hepatitis outbreaks, and also in 11 of 60 sporadic non-B hepatitis patients, but in none of 13 non-B hepatitis patients found in association with blood transfusion. There was no difference between males and females in the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen among healthy individuals, however, there was a strong relationship to age. Rates of antibody positives were only 2.5% in the groups younger than 20 years of age. An ample amount of antibody to hepatitis A antigen was detected in the preparations of human immunoglobulin. Hepatitis A virus was thus found to be endemic in Japan, but considered not popular during at least these 20 years. Infection with non-A non-B hepatitis virus(es) seems to be common in Japan especially in such cases as sporadic non-B hepatitis or post-transfusion non-B hepatitis. PMID- 713161 TI - A ten-year follow-up study on measles vaccination in Japan: evaluation of the efficacy analyzed on a computer system. AB - A long-term surveillance system using a computer system was established for the follow-up study on the protective effect of measles vaccination. More than 3,000 children, 3 to 6 years of age, who were immunized with measles vaccines by various methods have been registered in the system since 1971, and their outcomes with regard to measles have been followed up every year. The subjects were divided into three groups by the vaccination method: live vaccine alone (L), further attenuated live vaccine alone (FL), and the combined use of live and killed vaccines (KL). From comparative studies with these groups, the following results were obtained: (1) Annual measles incidence rates were found to be the lowest in L group followed by FL and KL. (2) Accumulated incidence rates of measles for 10 years in L, FL and KL groups calculated were 1.90, 2.49 and 17.84%, respectively. A linear regression was observed only from 0 to 3 years after vaccination in L and FL groups, and from 0 to 9 years in KL group. KL group showed a significantly larger regression coefficient than did the former two groups. (3) Protection rates against close contact with measles in families calculated were 97% in L and FL and 80% in KL group, respectively. (4) Low but detectable levels of antibody titers were observed in the sera for at least 4--6 years after vaccination. PMID- 713162 TI - Adjuvant effect of cationic surface-active lipid, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in mice. AB - The authors investigated the adjuvant effect of a cationic surface active lipid, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), on the inducation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice. Markedly enhanced DTH to SRBC was induced by subcutaneous injection of 2X10(8) SRBC suspended in saline containing DDA as compared to DTH responses in control animals sensitized with the same doses of SRBC without DDA. The enhancement of DTH responses seemed to be closely related to the delayed appearance of circulating antibody to SRBC and not to depend on the strain or the age of mice. PMID- 713163 TI - [Clinical study on the mode of action of various diuretics (author's transl)]. PMID- 713164 TI - [Studies of urinary kallikrein in patients with various types of hypertension (relationship to renin-angiotension-aldosterone system (author's transl)]. PMID- 713165 TI - [Antigenetic role of Staphylococcus aureus in primary glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 713166 TI - [Study on etiology of hypertension in patients on chronic hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 713167 TI - [Renal disease in the nail-patella syndrome: report of an affected family and studies of renal disease susceptibility and HLA (author's transl)]. PMID- 713168 TI - [Effects of sodium depletion on renal action of 1-sarcosine-8-isoleucine angiotensin II in patients with essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 713169 TI - [Studies on hypertension: I) The effects of angiotensin II and norepinephrine infusion on renal hemodynamics and renin angiotensin system in anesthetized dogs. II) The metabolism of 3H-DOPA in two kidney Goldblatt dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 713170 TI - [Studies on hemodynamics and cardiovascular disease in long-term hemodialysis patients. 2. Clinical studies on cardiovascular disease in long-term hemodialysis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 713171 TI - Renal physiology of the dromedary camel. PMID- 713172 TI - [The adverse actions of clofibrate in chronic hemodialysis patients--acute muscular syndrome and others (author's transl)]. PMID- 713173 TI - [The effect of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on the abnormal calcium metabolism in hemodialysis patients.--Studies on patients showing low serum calcium and high alkaline phosphatase (author's transl)]. PMID- 713174 TI - [The influence of aging on renin release stimulated by furosemide and upright posture in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 713175 TI - [New simple semiquantitative estimation of sulfosalcylic acid negative urinary proteins by phosphotungstic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 713176 TI - [Combined detection for pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis of lower extremity using 99mTc labeled microsphere (author's transl)]. PMID- 713177 TI - [The hepato-biliary scan using 99mTc-pyridoxylidene isoleucine (99mTc-PI) and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 713178 TI - Hyperpolarization caused by external high potassium in snail neurons. AB - Two-thirds of the tested subesophageal ganglion cells of Japanese snail, Euhadra peliomphala, was hyperpolarized when they were perfused by high K-Ringer. This hyperpolarization was accompanied with a marked decrease in membrane resistance and was independent of cell types classified by ACh-induced response. Pentobarbital was found to convert high K-induced hyperpolarization into depolarization, or to augment K-depolarization. The high K-induced hyperpolarization was considered as the result of summated IPSP's elicited by the presynaptic inhibitory fibers which were primarily depolarized by high K. Pentobarbital may remove this synaptic inhibition and disclose the original K depolarization underlying the cell. In Cl-free media, high K caused a marked depolarization instead of hyperpolarization, or augmented the depolarization observed in normal Ringer. This suggested that the subsynaptic membrane became permeable to Cl ions during the inhibitory presynaptic activity when high K was applied. ACh was found not to be responsible for this synaptic inhibition, because d-tubocurarine, which is known to block the Cl-dependent ACh response of the snail neurons, did not affect the high K-induced hyperpolarization. The possibility of indirect action of high K on the membrane potential through synaptically mediated inhibition was discussed as a cause of its hyperpolarizing effect. PMID- 713179 TI - Body colour response of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) during asphyxia. AB - The body colour of immobilized carp was photoelectrically measured simultaneously with heart rate in order to examine one of the effects of asphyxia on autonomic functions of the cutaneous region. 1) Asphyxia induced marked body colour darkening and bradycardia. 2) Adequate increase in cardiac vagal activity was recorded during asphyxic bradycardia. 3) After atropine injection, body colour darkening, as in intact fish, was observed during asphyxia while heart rate was not changed. 4) After transection of anterior spinal cord, asphyxic stimulation did not induce body colour darkening. It is concluded that body colour darkening mediated by nervous pathways was observed during asphyxia simultaneously with the definite bradycardia. This response of body colour has provided the first indication for responses in cutaneous autonomic systems within the responses of the fish co-ordinated as a whole to asphyxia. PMID- 713180 TI - Influences of extracellular calcium and potassium concentrations on adrenaline release and membrane potential in the perfused adrenal medulla of the rat. AB - Prolonged perfusion of isolated rat adrenal glands with high K produced a transient increase in adrenaline release that reached a maximum within 1 min and then declined with a half-time of about 5 min. The higher the [K]o used, the larger was the release of adrenaline elicited. There was a linear relation between the mean rate of adrenaline release in the initial 5 min of continuous stimulation with excess K and logarithmic increase in the [K]o. The higher the [Ca]o used, the steeper was relation obtained: the slope determined in the presence of 5 mM-Ca was nearly twice as much as that obtained in the presence of 0.5 mM-Ca. The release of adrenaline in response to excess K was virtually abolished by the omission of [ca]o. The chromaffin cells were depolarized in proportion to logarithmic increase in the [K]o. Linear relations were thus obtained between the mean rates of adrenaline release and the membrane potential of chromaffin cells in the presence of different [Ca]o. Application of high K revived secretory response of a gland after prolonged exposure to acetylcholine in the presence of tetrodotoxin, when adrenaline release had declined below a half of the maximum response. Application of acetylcholine also revived secretory response after prolonged exposure to high K. These results support the view that the mechanism of Ca influx activated by high K may differ from that activated by acetylcholine. PMID- 713181 TI - The temporal relationship between basilar membrane motion and nerve impulse initiation in auditory nerve fibers of guinea pigs. AB - When the helicotrema was obstructed in guinea pigs, trapezoidal displacement of the round window membrane produced a trapezoidal microphonic which indicated a unidirectional displacement of the entire length of the basilar membrane. Responses of single auditory nerve fibers to the trapezoidal displacement of the round window membrane were recorded after obstruction of the helicotrema. About 39% of the 424 fibers showed tonic responses which demonstrated directional sensitivity. More than 90% of these fibers increased their discharge rate during displacement of the basilar membrane toward the scala tympani and decreased their discharge rate during oppositely directed displacement. Less than 5% of the tonic fibers responded in the reverse manner. About 23% of the auditory nerve fibers responded to onset and/or cessation of trapezoidal motion of the basilar membrane. About 28% showed a combination of the tonic and phasic responses. However it is probably that all phasic responses we observed do not arise from velocity-sensitive fibers but some may represent artifacts. Both possibilities remain open until further studies are performed. The transduction mechanism of the cochlea is discussed on the basis of our data obtained by unidirectional displacement of the basilar membrane. PMID- 713182 TI - A study of sensory projection from jaw muscles to the cerebral cortex in the rat. AB - The sensory projection from jaw muscles to the cerebral cortex have been studied in rats by electrophysiological and histochemical methods. Electrical stimulation of individual masticatory muscles elicited bilateral responses in the cortical areas 8, 10, 2, and 2a. The following pathway was postulated to mediate these cortical responses; impulses of muscle origin are conducted in turn to the trigeminal mesencephalic tract nucleus (TMT), the contralateral thalamic nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (VPM), the cerebral cortex and finally to the other cerebral cortex which is ipsilateral to the side of stimulation. The ipsilateral cortical response appeared about 5 msec later than the contralateral one and was abolished by sectioning the corpus callosum. By stimulating the cerebral cortex antidromically, the conduction time to the VPM was found to be as long as 6 msec. The conduction from the TMT to the contralateral VPM consumed a period of more than 10 msec. It was presumed to be multisynaptic, being based on the finding that horseradish peroxidase injected into the VPM could not be recovered in the contralateral TMT. PMID- 713184 TI - Characteristics of optic nerve innervation in the rat superior colliculus as revealed by field potential analysis. AB - With lightly anesthetized rats, field responses to single optic nerve (ON) and optic chiasm shocks were studied in superficial layers of the superior colliculus, i.e., St. zonale (SZ), St. griseum superficiale (SGS) and St. opticum (SO). Based upon characteristics in the depth profile of the field response within the superficial layers, we identified three zones of N3, N2, and N1 from the SZ in this order. The narrow N2-zone was localized around the middle part of the SGS and less distinct than the other two zones. The N3-zone was characterized by a N3-wave and the N1-zone with N1- and P3-waves. N3- and P3-waves were activated by slowly conducting ON fibers (5.0 +/- 1.4 and 4.2 +/- 0.6 m/sec, respectively) while the N1-wave was by fastest conducting fibers (16.3 +/- 4.1 m/sec). According to recent Golgi studies, hypothetical mechanisms underlying the three waves were proposed: the N3-wave was ascribed to the activities of small vertical fusiform cells in the SZ or the upper half of SGS, the N1-wave to those of narrow field vertical cells which predominate in the lower half of SGS, and the P3-wave to those of wide field vertical cells whose somata are in the lower half of SGS or in the SO. The N3-, N1-, and P3-waves were found to differ from each other in recovery function tested with double ON shocks as well as in the topographical analysis of amplitudes through a whole extent of the colliculus. The three systems represented by the three waves were suggested to play different roles in visual information processing within the superficial strata. PMID- 713183 TI - Blood volume and plasma constituent changes in splenectomized dogs consequent to exercise. AB - To assess the effects of submaximal exercise on fluid balance and blood constituents, changes in plasma volume, hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma protein, serum osmolality, and serum electrolytes were measured in splenectomized dogs during treadmill work and recovery. During exercise approximating 32 and 50% of Vo2max, plasma volume did not significantly change. During recovery, plasma volume tended to increase by the same amount at both levels of exercise. Both total circulating plasma protein content and protein concentration increased during exercise. Serum osmolality increased abruptly during exercise and returned to the pre-exercise level immediately after cessation of work. Plasma volume changes calculated from both hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations correlated well with direct measurements using labelled erythrocytes, but values calculated from hematocrit alone averaged 12% higher. PMID- 713185 TI - A four group classification of the rat superior collicular cells responding to optic nerve stimulation. AB - With lightly anesthetized rats, activities of single cells responding to single optic nerve (ON) shocks were recorded from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus, i.e., St. zonale(SZ), St. griseum superficiale (SGS) and St. opticum (SO). According to response latencies and recording depths, four classes of cells were identified: I-, II-, III-, and IV-cells. Class I cells, recorded in the SZ or the upper half of SGS, were innervated by slowly conducting ON fibers of velocities slower than 4 m/sec. Class II cells, recorded from the middle part of the SGS, were innervated by ON fibers of intermediate velocity (4--8 m/sec). Class III cells, recorded from the lower half of SGS or the upper part of SO, were innervated by fast conducting ON fibers (faster than 8 m/sec). Class IV cells were recorded from the depth similar to the class III but they were innervated by slowly conducting fibers (4-1.7 m/sec). Class I cells revealed a long-lasting inhibition after initial excitation, being a sharp contrast with cells of classes II and III which were almost free from inhibition. Inhibition exerted upon class IV cells were of intermediate strength. Possible anatomical correlates of the four classes of cells and hypothetical modes of their ON innervation were discussed. PMID- 713186 TI - Visual receptive-field properties of single cells in the rat superior colliculus. AB - Receptive-field properties were studied in single cells in the visual layer of the albino rat's superior colliculus. All the samples (N = 195) were identified as one of the four classes (I-, II-, III- and IV-cells) which were established previously on the bases of the response properties to single shocks to the optic pathway and of the recording sites. The four classes were located more deeply in the superior colliculus roughly in the order of from I to IV. Response latencies to single shocks to the optic chiasm were shortest in the III-cells, intermediate in the II-cells and longest in the I- and IV-cells. These cell classes turned out to be different from each other in a number of visual properties. 1) Receptive field centers in the I- and II-cells (N = 26 and 27, respectively) were of either the ON-OFF or the ON type. Of class III (N = 47), one subgroup (IIIa) consisted mostly of the OFF type whereas the other (IIb) was made up mostly of the ON-OFF type. About two-thirds of the IV-cells (71/95) were of either the ON, the OFF or the ON-OFF type; except for two cells, the rest were all of the moving-sensitive type. 2) The average size of the receptive-field center was small (5.4 degrees +/ 2.3 degrees) in the class I, intermediate in the classes II and III (8.1 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees and 7.1 degrees +/- 2.7 degrees, respectively) and large in the class IV (18.1 degrees +/- 15.9). 3) Responsiveness to moving light stimuli (speeds, 40 degrees--90 degrees/sec) decreased in the order of IIIa, II and IIIb, and I and IV. 4) Maintained activity was lower in the superficially located cells (I, II and IIIa) than in the deeply located ones (IIIb and IV). PMID- 713187 TI - [Long term results following surgical repair of certain cyanotic congenital heart diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 713188 TI - [Total correction of tetralogy of Fallot in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 713189 TI - [Echocardiography in congenital aortic stenosis with special reference to its comparison with operative and angiocardiographic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 713190 TI - [The superior approach for correction of the supracardiac type (Type Ia) of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (author's transl)]. PMID- 713191 TI - [The value of echotomography in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 713192 TI - [Development and clinical indication of double balloon cannula for oxsanguination under extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 713193 TI - [Cardiac pacing--complications and long term results (author's transl)]. PMID- 713194 TI - [Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into right atrium--a report of two cases treated surgically (author's transl)]. PMID- 713195 TI - [Coronary surgery for old age (over 60 years old) (author's transl)]. PMID- 713196 TI - [Report of a case of idiopathic left atrial appendage aneurysm with a review of literatures (author's transl)]. PMID- 713197 TI - [Surgical treatment for pulmonary arterio-venous fistula without excising the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 713198 TI - [A case report of xanthomatous inflammatory pseudotumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 713200 TI - [Clinical conference at the 2nd Department of Surgery, Niigata University--1. Apico-aortic bypass operation in congenital aortic valve stenosis]. PMID- 713199 TI - [Intrathoracic pheochromocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 713202 TI - [ The clinical and pathological study of bladder cancer. I. Immune evaluation with skin testing (author's transl)]. PMID- 713201 TI - [The treatment of urogenital tuberculosis: long-term results (author's transl)]. PMID- 713203 TI - [Studies on the immunological response in rats with experimental urinary bladder carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 713205 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on coagulum pyelolithotomy using autologous plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 713204 TI - [A case of renal amyloidosis caused by a perirenal plasma cell granuloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 713206 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on intravesical instillation of adriamycin enhanced with adjuvant hydrostatic pressure technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 713207 TI - [A case of primary hyperoxaluria (author's transl)]. PMID- 713208 TI - [Transcatheter embolization of renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 713209 TI - [Long-term survival with experience of normal delivery after ureterosigmoidostomy. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 713210 TI - [Urethral pressure profile measurement under fluoroscopic visualization by means of X-ray television. (1) Urethral pressure profile of patients with spinal cord injury in acute or initial recovery stadium (author's transl)]. PMID- 713211 TI - [Prophylaxis for acetazolamide-induced urolithiasis: clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 713213 TI - Clinicopathological studies on canine dirofilarial hemoglobinuria. PMID- 713212 TI - [Urodynamic study of lower urinary tract. V. Alpha adrenergic blocker for the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction (author's transl)]. PMID- 713214 TI - A clinical study on hereditary progressive neurogenic muscular atrophy in Pointer dogs. PMID- 713215 TI - Spheroids (axonal dystrophy) in the central nervous system of the dog. II. Electron microscopic observations. PMID- 713216 TI - Serum albumin contents in meat extracts in relation to serological identification of animal species of meats. PMID- 713217 TI - Morphological studies on atherosclerotic changes in swine. PMID- 713218 TI - A 15N study on dietary urea utility in young pigs fed with a low protein diet. PMID- 713219 TI - [Experimental studies on body temperature rhythm in dogs. II. Development of circadian rhythm after birth (author's transl)]. PMID- 713220 TI - [Clinicopathologic observation in prepatent period of canine dirofilariasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 713221 TI - Fimbriae (pili) detected in Fusobacterium necrophorum. PMID- 713222 TI - Transplantation of intracranial young adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis into the subdural spaces of the brains of rats and guinea pigs. PMID- 713223 TI - [Tuberculosis surveillance (part III) (author's transl)]. PMID- 713224 TI - [Relationship between mycobacterial species and their morphology (author's transl)]. PMID- 713225 TI - [Anti-tuberculosis immunity of guinea pigs inoculated BCG orally (author's transl)]. PMID- 713226 TI - [A survey on the duration of chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 713227 TI - [Properties of diuretics and their clinical use]. PMID- 713228 TI - [Hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarct (analysis of 1,042 intensively treated cases)]. PMID- 713229 TI - [Problems of measuring 1-minute cardiac volume by the thermodilution method]. PMID- 713231 TI - [Preventive administration of potassium, insulin and glucose in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 713230 TI - [Usefulness of vital capacity, pulmonary regional perfusion and ventilation determination in early detection of congestive circulatory failure following acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 713232 TI - [Histomorphological and electron microscopic examination of sheep lungs following extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 713234 TI - [Aneurysm of the membranaceous part of the ventricular septum]. PMID- 713233 TI - [ECG pattern in right chest leads V-3 R and V-4 R and atrioventricular conduction disorders in patients with acute inferior heart wall infarct]. PMID- 713235 TI - [Effects of various meteorological factors on the incidence of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 713236 TI - [Microbiological diagnosis and etiology of bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 713237 TI - [Treatment of bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 713238 TI - [Malposition of both cardiac auricles on one side of both arterial trunks. Anatomopathological description of 3 cases]. PMID- 713239 TI - [State of the "contraction-relaxation" mechanism and the bioelectric activity of the myocardium in acute arterial occlusion]. AB - The results of 57 experiments on adult mongrel dogs are shown. Acute occlusion of the terminal aorta was reproduced by means of a balloon catheter. The pressure in the cavity of the left ventricle and in the office of the aorta and the ECG were recorded synchronously. The load experienced by the heart grew by the 6th hour of occlusion of the terminal aorta. This is attended by disorders in excitability and trophics of the myocardium and inhibition of the rate of myocardial contractions. At the same time the potency of the system of myocardial relaxation grows. By the 12th hour of occlusion of the terminal aorta, not only are the myocardial contractility and bioelectric activity impaired, but the capacity of the myocardial relaxation mechanism diminishes. The restoration of the circulation in the involved extremities is attended with further inhibition of the main functions of the heart. A new index of the functional condition of the myocardium, the restoration index, is proposed. PMID- 713240 TI - [Diagnosis of fresh focal myocardial lesions]. PMID- 713242 TI - [Effect of high-altitude hypoxia on the course of experimental mitral heart defect]. AB - The course of dosed insufficiency of the mitral valve in animals under lowland conditions is characterized by marked compensatory capacity of the organism. Under the effect of high-altitude hypoxia (3,200 m), the disease of the mitral valve is attended with overloading of the left atrium with the volume of blood and leads to acute hypertension of the pulmonary artery with subsequent decompensation of the right heart. In animals with mitral valvular disease under conditions of high altitude, strophanthin K produces a sufficiently complete cardiotonic effect which prevents weakening of the myocardial contractions, particularly in the early period of the defect in the mitral valve. PMID- 713241 TI - [Effect of obsidan on the cardiovascular system under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia]. AB - The effect of beta-adrenergic block on the circulatory reactions of a human being induced by high altitude hypoxia was studied by multi-channel rheography and indirect determination of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure. In healthy people not subjected to a pharmacological effect, 25-day stay at an altitude of 3,200 m was marked by an increase in cerebral blood flow at the beginning of adaptation and the development of pulmonary hypertension the maximum signs of which were recorded during the first days in the mountains. Daily intake of 80 mg of obsidan begun 3 days before the ascent levelled out the adaptative increase in cerebral perfusion and intensified the marked character and stability of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. It is concluded that great care should be exercised in giving obsidan at high altitude to individuals with even latent forms of right ventricular pathology since under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia beta-adrenergic block increases the load suffered by the right ventricular myocardium. PMID- 713243 TI - [Effect of the adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in early ontogenesis on the contractile function of the heart]. PMID- 713244 TI - [Circulatory insufficiency and edema in experimental constriction of the thoracic segment of the vena cava inferior]. AB - A method for reproducing circulatory insufficiency in rats by constriction of the intra thoracic portion of vena cava inferior is described. A sham operation on the control animals was restricted to thoracotomy. Rats which had been subjected to constriction of the vena cava consumed 0.85% sodium chloride solution intensively under conditions of free choice. This lead to rapid increase in mass with the development of subcutaneous edema, hydrothorax, and ascites within two to three days after the operation. Thinned out muscle fibres with decreased SDH activity were found in the myocardium of the both ventricles. Study of THO, 22Na, 36Cl, and thiocyanate distribution spaces showed that the total body water increase was consequent upon growth of the extracellular space with a constant intracellular volume. PMID- 713245 TI - [Pathogenesis of blood coagulation disorders in coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 713246 TI - [Functional state of the thyroid gland at various stages of arteriosclerosis according to the data of radioisotope diagnosis in vitro]. PMID- 713247 TI - [Multiscanning echocardiography and the possibilities of its clinical use]. PMID- 713248 TI - [Dynamics of changes of the indicators of external respiration in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 713249 TI - [Nitroblue tetrazolium test in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 713250 TI - [Hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in hypertension without cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 713251 TI - [Current theories regarding the heart conduction system]. PMID- 713252 TI - [Mechanism of phenotypic adaptation and the principles of its use for prevention of cardiovascular disorders]. PMID- 713253 TI - [Role of electric stimulation of the heart during selective contrast examination of the coronary arteries with the use of the data of continuous recording of the bundle of His potentials and arterial pressure]. AB - The frequency of disorders of the cardiac rhythm during injection of a contrast medium into the coronary vessel under different conditions was studied in 214 patients. Atropine premedication was applied as a preventive factor in 142 patients, atrial stimulation in 60, and both factors simultaneously in 12. In 10 patients a single injection of the contrast medium was performed without preventive measures. In 20 patients the changes were studied by recording the potentials of the bundle of His and the arterial pressure. On the basis of the bundle of His ECG data it is concluded that atropine and atrial stimulation produce an effect on individual links of the complex mechanism underlying the effect of the contrast medium on the cardiac conduction system. PMID- 713254 TI - [Problems of cardiology in the North]. PMID- 713255 TI - [Retrospective evaluation of the pre-infarct period]. AB - It is shown on the basis of retrospective appraisal of the course of ischemic heart disease in 235 patients hospitalized for acute macrofocal myocardial infarction that 78% of them had a prodromal period. The prodromal symptoms corresponded to those registered by WHO as preinfarction state. It was also shown that stable ischemic changes in the ECG during dynamic examination are of vital importance in the diagnosis of a preinfarction state. Problems of the medical tactics employed in the prodromal period of acute myocardial infarction are discussed. PMID- 713256 TI - [Characteristics of the indicators of the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in the pre-clinical stage of ischemic heart disease]. AB - Signs of dysfunction of the coagulation system and fibrinolysis were determined in 45 healthy young individuals who had such risk factors in relation to ischemic heart disease as arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, aggravated heredity, permanent emotional overstress, etc. These signs were manifested by a tendency to augmentation of blood coagulation and compensatory activation of fibrinolysis. Ischemic-type changes were detected on the ECG after a physical load. It is assumed that dysfunction of the coagulation system and fibrinolysis is an additional risk factor in relation to ischemic heart disease, while derangement of compensatory fibrinolysis tension with the subsequent tension of its components may lead to the development of coronary thrombosis. PMID- 713257 TI - [Effect of the type of work on the development of coronary arteriosclerosis]. AB - The aorta and coronary arteries taken from 4,000 cadavers were studied by the visual-planimetric method. Atherosclerotic changes (fibrous patches, complicated lesions, calcinosis, stenosis of the coronary vessels) were significantly more frequent and more severe in individuals who had been concerned with mental work, males in particular, than in those who had performed physical work. This regular feature was less distinct among countrypeople, females in particular. It is concluded from thorough additional analysis of morphological material that the coronary atherosclerosis risk factor is not only the character of work but its intensity too, especially in individuals engaged in mental work for a lengthy period of time. PMID- 713258 TI - [Characteristics of central and regional hemodynamics in certain variants of the course of myocardial infarct]. AB - In 96 patients with myocardial infarction the indices of central hemodynamics were studied by radiocardiography and the indices of regional circulation in the brain, lungs, liver, and distal parts of the extremity by rheoplethysmography. Peculiarities of regional and central hemodynamics depending on the clinical picture were revealed and the dynamics of the indices being studied were followed from the first to the 40th day of the disease. The authors discuss the mechanisms of the hemodynamic disorders and express their opinion on the expediency of the appropriate approaches to the treatment of patients depending on the hemodynamic changes revealed. PMID- 713259 TI - [Comparison of the data of the veloergometric test and coronarography in ischemic heart disease]. AB - The results of the bicycle ergometry test were compared with the findings of coronarography in 254 patients with ischemic heart disease or suspicion of it. The high diagnostic significance of the test was demonstrated; stenosis of the heart coronary arteries was found in 73% of patients producing a positive test. The occurrence of an attack of angina pectoris with simultaneous "ischemia" reduction of the ST segment by 1 mm and more is a significant sing of a positive test. The severity of changes in the coronary arteries grows when these signs are combined with poor tolerance of physical load. With the higher degree of stenosis and an increase in the number of involved arteries load tolerance decreases, while the percentage of positive results of the load test increases. PMID- 713260 TI - [Electrocardiography in women with angina pectoris during physical exertion]. AB - Comparative study was conducted of ECG changes during an attack of angina pectoris induced by physical exertion on a bicycle ergometer in 74 females and 100 males suffering from angina pectoris. It is shown that with a similar clinically determined severity of angina pectoris, tolerance to physical exertion is significantly lower in females than in males. Essential differences were also revealed in the ECG changes during an anginose attack. The data obtained are evidence that the approach to the appraisal of the results of load tests in ischemic disease of the heart in females should evidently differ from that in males. PMID- 713261 TI - [Informative value of the indicators obtained during catheterization and ventriculography of the left heart ventricle]. AB - It is found that the main indices determined in catheterization and ventriculography of the left ventricle still provide insufficient information. This is displayed by their considerable variations under normal conditions (conventional normal values). The functional left ventricular volumes vary least in adults; the ejection fraction is most informative. Contraction of the longitudinal axis of the left ventricle and of its transverse diameters and the circular rate of myocardial contraction are most variable. It is necessary to generalize a great scope of material to obtain the normal sex and age values of all indices. PMID- 713262 TI - Analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 713263 TI - Malignancies of the urinary tract and their relation to analgesic abuse. AB - A relationship between analgesic abuse and urothelial renal pelvic tumors was first observed in 1965. Since then more than 100 cases of such tumors have been reported in abusers of phenacetin-containing drugs; most of these cases have been from Sweden. Many patients had a preexisting nephropathy with renal papillary necrosis. The total consumption of the drugs could be estimated to several kilograms, and the average period of consumption was 17 yr in the Goteborg study. The manifest development of the tumor often came a few years after the cessation of the drug abuse. The clinical picture and the pathologic findings are described and the five-year survival rate is given. Multiple tumors in the urinary tract were common. Carcinogenic factors are discussed. Phenacetin is an aromatic amide with N-hydroxylated metabolites, closely related to known carcinogenic amines like the naphthylamines which earlier caused occupational bladder cancer. Furthermore, the data on exposition (consumption) time and tumor induction time were very similar in occupational bladder cancer and in renal pelvic cancer related to analgesic abuse. Animal experiments of long-term phenacetin feeding have produced a high degree of papillary epithelial hyperplasia. Further investigations are under way. PMID- 713265 TI - Pathology of analgesic nephropathy: Australian experience. AB - Analgesic nephropathy was first studied in Switzerland and Scandinavia, and most observers thought that papillary necrosis, a feature of the pathology, was the result of chronic interstitial nephritis, the other principal feature. From 1962, reports indicated a high incidence of analgesic nephropathy in Australia and suggested that papillary changes preceded cortical damage. Later, associated uroepithelial carcinoma was noted. Early papillary lesions consist of necrosis of elements around groups of collecting ducts. Necrosis extends upward through the medulla from the papilla and gradually intensifies to total papillary destruction. Fat and calcium accumulation and changes in matrix mucopolysaccharide are markers of papillary injury. Cortical atrophy is dependent upon collecting duct obstruction and is proportional to the degree of obstruction. Infection may complicate late pathologic changes. It is suggested that in the early stages the disease represents an injury to "concentrating columns" in the medulla. PMID- 713264 TI - Changing concepts in pathogenesis and morphology of analgesic nephropathy as seen in Europe. AB - A detailed analysis of 60 autopsy cases of AN is presented. Renal papillary necrosis is the hallmark of AN. Special emphasis is given to early changes in the basement membranes and the ground substance of the renal papilla observed by light and electron microscopy. The "interstitial nephritis" in the renal cortex is secondary to papillary changes. The histologic picture of the cotex is often complicated by bacterial infection and, therefore, is complex. An unusual hyalinization of small vessels beneath the urothelium of the mucosa of the urinary tract, similar to that seen in the inner medullary zone, has been called "analgesic microangiopathy". Its significance is not clear. The renal papillae, the mucosal membranes of the urinary tract, the liver, the cartilages, and the skin often display a striking brownish discoloration caused by a lipid-containing pigment. Statistical data from out autopsies in Switzerland show no decrease in death rates of AN. This is in contrast to reports from Denmark and Sweden where the sale of phenacetin has been restricted by prescription. PMID- 713266 TI - Epidemiological study in Switzerland. AB - A study group of originally 623 employed women of Northwestern Switzerland who were aged 30 to 49 yr and showing objective evidence of intake of phenacetin containing analgesics, and a control group of 621 comparable women showing no such intake, were examined in 1968 and followed-up five times from 1969 to 1975 for laboratory evidence of urorenal disorders. Mortality was higher in the study group, with 21 deaths, compared to the control group, with 5 deaths, and was higher than expected in a comparative population in Switzerland (P less than or equal to 0.05). In both study and control groups, morbidity was low. There was no difference between the study and control groups with respect to subsequent proteinuria and hematuria. The seven-year incidence of low urine specific gravity after overnight thirsting was higher in the study group than in the control group (2.9% vs. 1.0%), and the incidence of raised serum creatinine was also significantly higher in the study group (2.9% vs. 0%). However, when the study group was further subdivided into a subgroup showing evidence of high intake of phenacetin-containing analgesics and one showing low-intake, only the high-intake subgroup had an incidence of raised serum creatinine concentrations (5.3%), significantly higher than the control group (0%), whereas the low-intake subgroup had an incidence (0.4%) similar to the control group. Also the high-intake subgroup showed significantly higher rates of bacteriuria than the controls (P less than or equal to 0.004). PMID- 713267 TI - Experimental renal papillary necrosis. AB - Review of experimental work indicates that renal papillary necrosis (RPN) is more readily induced by mixtures of analgesics which include phenacetin or paracetamol, than by either of the latter drugs alone. In an experiment in which moderate doses of analgesics were given to rats over a long period, it was shown that aspirin had a greater nephrotoxic effect than either phenacetin or paracetamol although less than in combination with either. In a study of the evolution of aspirin-induced damage, the earliest changes were shown to occur in the interstitial cells. There was also loss of medullary mucopolysaccharides. Occlusive lesions were demonstrated in the vasa recta. Using partial papillectomy, it was shown that the development of analgesic-induced cortical lesions did not depend on the presence of papillary necrosis. It was suggested that the early papillary changes might be due to ischemia, medullary blood flow being reduced as a result of aspirin's action as an inhibitor of prostagladin synthesis. The lesions in the vasa recta might cause ischemia at a late stage, leading to total RPN. PMID- 713268 TI - Genesis of analgesic nephropathy in the United Kingdom. AB - Analgesic nephropathy is more common in Western Scotland than elsewhere in the United Kingdom. This appears to be a consequence of the frequency with which local people take Askit, a preparation different from most other British analgesics in that they contain more caffeine and in their presentation as powders. Surveys of different populations in Glasgow suggest that while aspirin and paracetamol tend to be taken relatively infrequently and for appropriate reasons such as pain, Askit is more likely to be taken with excessive frequency for its supposed mood-altering properties. Working-class women with psychiatric problems are especially prone to daily self-medication. Study of individuals with analgesic nephropathy reveals that in Western Scotland, at least, the cause is dependence on analgesics. The characteristics of this include a need to continue taking and to slowly increase the dose of analgesics, partly owing to tolerance and partly to treat symptoms the analgesic ingestion has caused, as well as a psychic dependence resulting from appreciation of the psychotropic effects of the compound analgesics. When compared with matched controls, those who develop the "analgesic abuse syndrome" are more likely to have a family history of analgesic abuse, alcoholism, and psychiatric disorder. They tend to be introverted and neurotic, are prone to abuse other drugs and many have had previous psychiatric treatment. PMID- 713269 TI - Analgesic nephropathy in Canada: clinical syndrome, management, and outcome. PMID- 713270 TI - Analgesic-associated nephropathy in the U.S.A.: epidemiologic, clinical and pathogenetic features. PMID- 713271 TI - Analgesic abuse and renal failure in Australasia. PMID- 713272 TI - Radiological changes of renal papillary necrosis. AB - The radiological changes of renal papillary necrosis are independent of its etiology. If total papillary necrosis (TPN) or partial papillary necrosis (PPN) is present, radiological findings are diagnostic. Whereas, if the necrotic papillae remain in situ (NIS) none of the typical radiologic features of papillary necrosis are seen. Serial radiologic studies are useful in renal papillary necrosis. Extension of papillary or medullary cavities, shrinkage of the kidney, and calcification thereby may be noted. Radiologic changes involving the ureter and bladder are those of complications such as ureteritis or development of a transitional cell carcinoma. The latter most often appears in the renal pelvis. PMID- 713273 TI - Determinants of low clearances of small solutes during peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 713274 TI - Renal response to phosphorus deprivation in the isolated rat kidney. AB - In order to study further the adaptation of inorganic phsophate (Pi) reabsorption during phosphorus depletion, Pi transport was measured at three perfusate Pi concentrations in isolated perfused rat kidney preparations, utilizing synthetic albumin-containing cell-free perfusate. With elevation of the perfusate Pi, phosphaturia was significantly less, and absolute Pi reabsorption was significantly greater in kidneys derived from phosphorus-deprived rats than in organs from nondeprived counterparts. Prior parathyroidectomy did not affect the transport of Pi by the isolated kidney preparation. Increasing the perfusate Pi did not diminish hypercalciuria in kidneys from phosphorus-deprived rats. The results indicate that the adaptive response in Pi reabsorption during phosphorus deprivation can be demonstrated independently of the composition of fluid perfusing the kidney. The mechanism underlying the adaptation, however, remains unclarified. PMID- 713275 TI - Presence of a natriuretic factor in urine of normal men undergoing water immersion. PMID- 713276 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in children: prediction of histopathology from clinical and laboratory characteristics at time of diagnosis. A report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children. PMID- 713278 TI - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone in patients with acute renal failure. PMID- 713277 TI - Pre-eclampsia with the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Heavy proteinuria and/or the nephrotic syndrome rarely occur late in pregnancy. We report the clinical and renal biopsy findings on 11 patients with the nephrotic syndrome occurring during pregnancy in whom light and electron microscopic findings were characteristic of pre-eclampsia. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA, beta 1C globulin, and fibrinogen, predominantly in the subendothelial position. Only two patients were primigravid; three were in their second or third pregnancy; in six, pre-eclampsia first occurred in the fourth to eighth pregnancy. Clinical abnormalities appeared first between the 23rd and 39th week of gestation. All patients had marked elevation of blood pressure and of serum uric acid levels. Of the 12 infants, eight were alive and well, including one set of twins; four were stillborn. Following delivery, clinical resolution was similar to that in less severe pre-eclampsia. The findings suggest the possible importance of the role of intravascular coagulation in the genesis of pre-eclampsia. PMID- 713279 TI - Basal and stimulated rates of renal secretion and excretion of prostaglandings E2, Falpha, and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto Falpha in the dog. PMID- 713280 TI - Micropuncture studies of the transport of individual amino acids by the Necturus proximal tubule. AB - Absorption of amino acids by the necturus proximal tubules was measured under free-flow conditions The coexistence of proximal tubular amino acid influx was determined by infusing saline into tubular lumens by the stopped-flow microperfusion technique. Under free-flow conditions, fractional absorption of individual amino acids ranged from 0.30 +/- 0.18 (glutamic acid) to 0.96 +/- 0.02 (proline), with 14 of 19 values greater than 0.75. The transport avidity for a given amino acid bore no relationship to its molecular weight, transport class, or plasma concentration. The values obtained for tubular fluid/plasma (TF/P) were very comparable to those reported for the rat. In stopped-flow microperfusion experiments, samples of isotonic saline residing in tubule lumens for 20 min were found to contain all the amino acids present in plasma (filtrate). The concentrations of all except the acidic anionic pair, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, were remarkably similar to those obtained by collection of end proximal samples in free-flow studies. The very high concentrations of the acidic amino acids may reflect their passive distribution across the luminal cell membrane, active absorption having been impaired by the absence of some substance normally present in glomerular filtrate. PMID- 713281 TI - Renal micropuncture study of normotensive and Milan hypertensive rats before and after development of hypertension. AB - Earlier studies of renal transplantation and of sodium metabolism indicated that the cause of high blood pressure in the Milan strain of genetically hypertensive rats (MHS) was altered renal function. To pinpoint the active factors, we used micropuncture to study several indices of renal function in normal (NR) and MHS rats at three different ages: A) 26 to 30 days, before development of hypertension (pre-MHS); B) 35 to 40 days; and C) 75 to 90 days, after the development of hypertension. The indices studied and the important differences found between the two strains were: 1) Single nephron filtration rate (SNFR) and late proximal tubular fluid delivery to the distal nephron (LPF). In group A, the pre-MHS rats had significantly lower values than did the NR (SNFR = 6.3 +/- 0.8 nl/min [MHS] vs. 8.3 +/- 1.2 [NR], P less than 0.01; LPF = 3.14 +/- 0.25 nl/min [MHS] vs. 4.1 +/- 0.35 [NR], p less than 0.05). In group C, the values in the MHS rats were significantly higher than those of the NR (SNFR = 17.3 +/- 1.4 nl/min [MHS] vs. 12.1 +/- 0.8 [NR], P less than 0.05; LPF - 7.4 +/- 0.5 nl/min [MHS] vs. 5.3 +/- 0.3 [NR], P less than 0.01). 2) Number of glomeruli. In group C only, the MHS rats had significantly fewer than did the NR rats (MHS = 55, 253 +/- 2,821 vs. NR = 64,527 +/- 2,900, P less than 0.05). 3) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and SNFR as a function of the mean blood pressure (MAP). In group A, the GFR of the MHS rats was lower than that of the NR rats (GFR = 0.38 +/- 0.03 ml/min . 100 g of body wt [MHS], 0.50 +/- 0.03 [NR] P less than 0.05). In group C, there was no longer any significant difference. At equal MAP, SNFR was equal in all the groups, except group A, where SNFR was significantly lower in MHS. 4) Pressure differences: Glomerular capillary pressure (gP). GP was significantly higher in MHS rats than in NR rats (group A, + 5.2 mm Hg; group C, + 6.7 mm Hg). In the pre MHS rats, anesthesia significantly increased (P less than 0.001) the blood pressure difference between the two strains. This effect was not seen in the adult MHS rats. This may increase the differences in GP between pre-MHS and NR. 5) Afferent effective filtration pressure (EFPA). EFPA values were also higher in MHS rats (+ 2.9 mm Hg in group A, + 6.8 mm Hg in group C), but once again the effects of anesthesia probably account for the differences in magnitude seen between pre-MHS and NR. Only 22% of the absolute differences in systemic arterial pressure in the adult MHS and NR rats was transmitted to the glomerular capillary, while 33% of the difference was transmitted in the younger rats. These values suggest a reduced glomerular hydraulic conductivity, even though other explanations could not be excluded, and they are consistent with the hypothesis that the primary cause of development of hypertension in the MHS rats may be a decrease in SNFR. PMID- 713283 TI - Effects of protein and amino acid diets in chronically uremic and control rats. PMID- 713282 TI - Prolonged complement activation in mice. AB - Because antibody responses to the alternative complement pathway activator, cobra venom factor, are T-dependent and B mice therefore do not develop resistance to its action, it was possible to examine whether renal injury occurs under circumstances of protracted third-phase alternative pathway activation. After periods of up to three months, no evidence from measurements of blood urea or proteinuria or from examinations with light microscopy immunofluorescence or electron microscopy was obtained to indicate a directly nephrotoxic effect of this type of complement activation. PMID- 713284 TI - Reduced renin activity in essential hypertension: a reappraisal. AB - The apparent suppression of plasma renin activity in essential hypertensive patients compared to normotensive controls prompted an examination of factors which might be responsible for this difference in people taken from a blood pressure screening survey. Plasma renin activity was lower in 89 previously untreated "hypertensive" subjects than in an equal number of age- and sex-matched "controls" from the same community. The rise in plasma renin activity on standing or after frusemide was proportional to the resting level, and it was generally less in hypertensives, but small or absent responses were also seen in those with normal blood pressure. There was no evidence for a "low renin sub-group" among the hypertensives. Plasma renin activity fell with both increasing age and increasing arterial pressure. A low renin activity is more likely to be a consequence of hypertension than to be associated with its cause. PMID- 713285 TI - Hereditary polycystic kidney disease (adult form): a microdissection study of two cases at an early stage of the disease. AB - Kidney fragments from two cases of hereditary polycystic kidney disease (adult form) at an early stage were examined by microdissection. Localized cystic cystic dilatations were found in proximal and distal tubules, loops of Henle, and collecting tubules. Entirely normal nephrons and collecting tubules were also observed. Abnormal branching of collecting tubules or the abnormal attachment of nephrons, as described in other microdissection studies, were not found. Our observations do not confirm the hypothesis that the adult form of hereditary polycystic kidney disease is the consequence of ampullary dysfunction during early development. PMID- 713286 TI - [Glucocorticoids in the therapy of inflammatory brain diseases]. PMID- 713287 TI - [External therapy]. PMID- 713288 TI - [Thrombolytic therapy of consumption coagulopathy]. PMID- 713289 TI - [Initial experiences with ultrasonic aerosol therapy at home in children with bronchiectasis]. PMID- 713290 TI - [Giant splenic cyst as cause of splenomegaly in childhood]. PMID- 713291 TI - [Chylothorax in childhood]. PMID- 713292 TI - [Noise development in incubators]. PMID- 713293 TI - [Postoperative complications following papillosphincterotomy]. PMID- 713294 TI - [Immediate and long-term results of biliodigestive anastomoses]. PMID- 713295 TI - [Closed isolated and combined injuries of the liver]. PMID- 713296 TI - [Classification of liver alveococcosis]. PMID- 713297 TI - [Microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of liver changes in patients with mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 713298 TI - [Biochemical indices of the adrenal cortex function in chronic calculous cholecystitis in middle-aged and old patients]. PMID- 713299 TI - [Free amino acid level and proteins in blood serum in patients with disorders of extrahepatic bile tract]. PMID- 713300 TI - [Importance of sorbitol dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase ratio in the diagnosis of jaundice of various etiology]. PMID- 713302 TI - [Temporary exclusion of the liver from circulation in experimental and clinical medicine]. PMID- 713301 TI - [Isoelectric spectrum of serum albumin in surgical diseases of the liver as a criterion in the evaluation of the degree of lesions]. PMID- 713303 TI - [Association of surgical and conservative treatment in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 713304 TI - [Clinico-functional evaluation of biliodigestive anastomoses in surgery of complicated cases of cholecystitis]. PMID- 713305 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with spontaneous internal hepato-biliary fistula]. PMID- 713306 TI - [Evaluation of surgical methods in acute cholecystitis based on analysis of need for repeated surgery]. PMID- 713307 TI - [Simultaneous double internal drainage of the choledochus in complicated cholecystitis]. PMID- 713309 TI - [Repeated operations in liver neoplasms and hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 713308 TI - [Prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications in patients with cholecystitis]. PMID- 713311 TI - [20-year experience in transperitoneal approach in surgery of lesions of subdiaphragmatic area of the liver]. PMID- 713310 TI - [Rational method of liver resection in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (experimental-clinical study)]. PMID- 713312 TI - [Intestinal obstruction due to cholelithiasis as a rare complication of calculous destructive cholecystitis]. PMID- 713313 TI - [Surgical methods in treatment of acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and old patients]. PMID- 713315 TI - [Congenital cysts of the common bile duct]. PMID- 713314 TI - [Immune--allergic mechanism in the development of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 713316 TI - [Spontaneous external fistula of the gallbladder]. PMID- 713317 TI - [Effect of surgical intervention on peroxidized oxidation of lipids in erythrocytes in patients with uncomplicated form of cholecystitis]. PMID- 713318 TI - [Some indices of electrolyte metabolism in patients with acute cholecystopancreatitis and their changes due to portal infusions]. PMID- 713319 TI - [Diagnostic importance of determination of alkaline phosphatase level in blood serum in the diagnosis of liver and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 713320 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of open liver injuries]. PMID- 713321 TI - [Pathological changes in the biliary system due to hydatid echinococcosis of the liver]. PMID- 713322 TI - [Attachment of microphotocamera, Kiev-Vega, to respiratory bronchoscope for endophotography]. PMID- 713324 TI - [Non-traumatic rupture of the gallbladder]. PMID- 713323 TI - [Acute cholecystitis as postoperative complication]. PMID- 713325 TI - [Surgical methods in acute cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 713326 TI - [Changes of blood coagulation in middle-aged and senile patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis, before and after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 713327 TI - [General activity of malate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in acute cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 713328 TI - [Rare association of liver cirrhosis with other diseases]. PMID- 713329 TI - [Surgical treatment of cysts of extrahepatic biliary tract]. PMID- 713330 TI - [Papilloma of the left lobar hepatic duct]. PMID- 713332 TI - [Multiple calculi of the liver]. PMID- 713331 TI - [Hemangioma of the liver]. PMID- 713333 TI - [Hepatoadenoma in a patient with calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 713334 TI - [Peliosis of the liver]. PMID- 713335 TI - [Observation of coexisting alveococcosis of the liver and spleen]. PMID- 713336 TI - [Multiple liver abscesses]. PMID- 713337 TI - [Rupture of peritoneal hydatid cyst in the right iliac region simulating acute appendicitis]. PMID- 713338 TI - [Pathogenesis of some forms of pancreatitis]. PMID- 713339 TI - [Electrogastrographic studies of motor activity of the digestive system in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 713340 TI - [Omentobursitis in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 713341 TI - [Clinical course of destructive pancreatitis during its active treatment]. PMID- 713342 TI - [Pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 713343 TI - [Surgical methods in enzymatic cholecystitis]. PMID- 713344 TI - [Surgical treatment of lesions of the celiac trunk]. PMID- 713345 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with cholecystitis]. PMID- 713346 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis]. PMID- 713348 TI - [Injuries of the pancreas]. PMID- 713347 TI - [Use of cholinesterase in treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 713349 TI - [Injuries of the pancreas]. PMID- 713350 TI - [Does phenomenon of enzymatic deviation exist in acute pancreatitis?]. PMID- 713351 TI - [Laboratory studies in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 713352 TI - [Structural and metabolic features of ductal cells and their role in the pathological changes of the pancreas]. PMID- 713353 TI - [Determination of blood serum sialic acid level in the diagnosis of destructive forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 713354 TI - [Acute pancreatitis of rare etiology]. PMID- 713355 TI - [Absorption of trypsin and its inhibitors from the abdominal cavity in experimental acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 713356 TI - [Subcutaneous injuries of the pancreas]. PMID- 713357 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cysts of the proximal region of the pancreas and spleen]. PMID- 713358 TI - [Surgical treatment of pancreatic cyst]. PMID- 713359 TI - [Ectopy of the pancreas into the wall of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 713360 TI - [Isolated closed trauma of the pancreas]. PMID- 713361 TI - [Isolated injury of the pancreas in closed blunt trauma of the abdomen]. PMID- 713362 TI - [Large pancreatic cyst simulating tumor of the ovary]. PMID- 713363 TI - [Open injury of the pancreas]. PMID- 713365 TI - [Spontaneous 2-stage rupture of the spleen]. PMID- 713364 TI - [Double pseudocyst of the pancreas]. PMID- 713366 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital developmental defects of the colon in children]. PMID- 713367 TI - [Diagnostic errors in "mobile cecum"]. PMID- 713368 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 713369 TI - [Pseudostrangulation of external abdominal hernias]. PMID- 713371 TI - [Modification of the Soave's operation in Hirschsprung's disease in children]. PMID- 713370 TI - [Puncture translumbar retrograde cavoiliography]. PMID- 713372 TI - ["Arterialization" of a venous transplant]. PMID- 713373 TI - [Avulsion of the stomach from the duodenum in blunt abdominal injury]. PMID- 713374 TI - [Bezoar of the stomach after vagotomy]. PMID- 713375 TI - [Tuberculosis of the stomach and small intestine]. PMID- 713377 TI - [Non-operative removal of residual bile duct calculi]. PMID- 713376 TI - [Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract caused by gallstones]. PMID- 713378 TI - [Diagnosis of destructive forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 713379 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 713381 TI - [Primary multiple malignant tumors with lesion of the stomach]. PMID- 713380 TI - [Treatment of cardiospasm]. PMID- 713382 TI - [Inguinal hernias in children]. PMID- 713383 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of sliding hernias of the anterior abdominal wall]. PMID- 713384 TI - [Used of preserved dura mater in the treatment of recurrent and postoperative hernias]. PMID- 713385 TI - [Complicated forms of staphylococcal lung destruction in children]. PMID- 713386 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 713387 TI - [Indirect isthmoplasty in surgical treatment of aortic coarctation]. PMID- 713389 TI - [Use of surgical microscope in reconstructive operations on the popliteal artery and arteries of the leg]. PMID- 713388 TI - [Correction of disorders of rheologic properties of blood in reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 713390 TI - [Immediate and remote results of Soave's operation]. PMID- 713391 TI - [Treatment of vaginal and perineal fistulas after abdominal-anal resection of the rectum with bringing down the colon in cancer]. PMID- 713392 TI - [Detoxification of the body by the method of lymphosorption]. PMID- 713394 TI - [Analysis of surgical and conservative management in treatment of squint by the localization method (author's transl)]. PMID- 713393 TI - [Surgical treatment of horizontal squint with large angle under electromyographic control (author's transl)]. PMID- 713395 TI - [Disc oculomyodynamometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 713396 TI - [Ophthalmoplegia congenita externa: diagnosis and surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 713397 TI - [Optokinetic nystagmus in a case of squint with left eye mobility disturbances and permanent right eye hyperphoria (author's transl)]. PMID- 713398 TI - [Electronystagmographic examination in different disorders of the function of extraocular eye muscles (author's transl)]. PMID- 713399 TI - [Effect of tranquillizers on the end-results of operations for muscle elongation by the method of Madroszkiewicz (author's transl)]. PMID- 713400 TI - [Orbital floor fractures. To operate or not to operate? (author's transl)]. PMID- 713401 TI - [Ophthalmological diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic results in post traumatic diplopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 713402 TI - [Divergent squints following cranial trauma: I. Treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 713403 TI - [Divergent squints following cranial trauma: II. Changes in visual spatial localization (author's transl)]. PMID- 713404 TI - [Comprehensive prophylactic management "APA" preventing squint development and its consequences in little children (author's transl)]. PMID- 713406 TI - [Limitations and effectiveness of sector use in squinting children (author's transl)]. PMID- 713405 TI - [Sectors as early treatment of squint in children aged 6-24 months (author's transl)]. PMID- 713407 TI - [Effect of sympathicomimetic agents on accommodation in convergent squint (author's transl)]. PMID- 713408 TI - [Motor fusion changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 713409 TI - [Amblyopia in squinting subjects: physiology and pathogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 713410 TI - [Outpatient care documentation in the case of squint (author's transl)]. PMID- 713411 TI - [Analysis of therapeutic results in treatment of squint by the localization method in little children depending on the time of squint development and beginning of treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 713412 TI - [Assessment of cure of accompanying squint according to different criteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 713414 TI - Differentiation between subtypes of primary hyperaldosteronism by multiple steroid measurement after dexamethasone administration. AB - In 6 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (P.H.) and a unilateral adrenal adenoma (A) and in 5 patients with P.H. obviously due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (H), multiple serum corticosteroids were measured after different dietary or drug regimens. After administration of dexamethasone on a normal sodium diet, serum levels of 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B) and cortisol (F) were much lower in the H than in the A group. With respect to 11 deoxycorticosterone levels, there was no overlap between the two groups. Multiplication of individual serum DOC, B and F levels allowed a clearer separation of patients with A and H. This non-invasive method may offer an additional means in the differential diagnosis of P.H. PMID- 713413 TI - [Lactic acidosis--a possible complication in buformin-treated diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - Lactic acidosis is defined as a state of metabolic acidosis (arterial pH below 7.36) due to an increase in the blood concentration of lactate above 2 mEq/l. Lactic acidosis may occur under a variety of conditions; the biguanide-induced lactic acidosis is due to the toxic effects of biguanides (buformin, metformin, phenformin). The clinical picture is characterized by the occurrence of disturbances of consciousness, severe acidosis with Kussmaul's respiration, shock, hypothermia and in about 30% of all cases hypoglycemia. Apart from the general principles of intensive medical care, therapy should comprise correction of the acid-base-disturbances and elimination of the offending biguanide. The efficacy of hemodialysis in the treatment of biguanide-induced lactic acidosis is difficult to evaluate. By a more sensible use of biguanides, lactic acidosis secondary to drug administration should become a rare event. PMID- 713415 TI - [Saralasin-induced changes of blood pressure, renin and aldosterone in essential and renal hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - In 34 patients saralasin was infused after variable degrees of sodium depletion in order to differentiate between essential and renin-induced hypertension. After sodium-depletion of short duration mean arterial pressure dropped more than 10 mm Hg in 9 of 25 patients with essential and in 7 of 9 patients with renin-induced hypertension. After long-lasting sodium depletion the fall of mean arterial pressure exceeded 10 mm Hg in 11 of 16 patients with essential and in 8 of 9 patients with renin-induced hypertension. Thus saralasin did not discriminate essential and renin-induced hypertension. Also, plasma renin concentration before and after saralasin did not allow to differentiate between the two forms of hypertension. The changes of renin during infusion of saralasin was negatively correlated to the change of blood pressure. Renal vein renin ratio in patients with renovascular hypertension was not modified by saralasin. Renin and aldosterone changed inversely during saralasin infusion. PMID- 713416 TI - [Simultaneous comparative renal clearances and renal iodo (I125)-hippurate in man (author's transl)]. AB - In 111 Patients with a wide range of renal function (normal to advanced renal failure) the renal clearances of Na-paraaminohippurate (CPAH) and of Na orthojodohippurate--J125(COJ(J125(H) have been simultaneously determined under standardized clearance conditions. We found a significant correlation between the 2 parameters, defined by the equation CPAH = 1.11.COJ(J125)H. The scatter of the single observations however is considerable and hence the +/- 2Sy range is very large. The difference between the 2 clearances is not die to a competition at the same tubular carrier, since adding inactive carrier of OJH does not improve the ratio of the 2 clearances: CPAH = 1.13.COJ(J125)H. Rather the renal extraction of OJ(J125)H(EOJ(J125)H is considerably lower (74% than EPAH (90%). Our datas suggest that OJ(J125)H is not a suitable indicator to replace PAH for measurements of real renal plasma flow. PMID- 713418 TI - [Analysis of the hydroxyproline containing serum proteins in connective tissue diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The serum proteins were fractionated on Sephadex G 200, their hydroxyproline content determined. Three protein peaks (I-III) containing different hydroxyproline concentrations could be separated. In connective tissue disorders accompanied by increased collagen synthesis or collagen degradation, an elevation of hydroxyproline was found in peak II. An increase of hydroxyproline always was associated with an increase of the serum proteins in the same fractions. Hydroxyproline serum levels above normal obviously are due to a certain capacity of the serum proteins binding free hydroxyproline and collagen metabolites. PMID- 713417 TI - [Diagnostic significance of heat-induced inhibition of erythrocyte sedimentation (author's transl)]. AB - Heat-induced inhibition of erythrocyte sedimentation (HIES) was examined in 158 cases. HIES is significantly lower in patients with a liver cell damage isolated or due to metastases of a neoplastic process in comparison to that in patients suffering from inflammation or malign tumor not involving the liver. Generally, HIES depends upon the concentration of lysophosphatidyl choline (lysolecithin) which is set free in plasma by lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) during incubation. In patients with lever cell damage, LCAT is diminished. HIES is being influenced by several factors: Lysophosphatidyl choline is bound to albumin, and this prevents its reaction on the erythrocyte surface. Lysophospholipase reduces the concentration of lysophosphatidyl choline in the plasma by splitting off its fatty acid in the alpha-position. Specific serum proteins, the so-called agglomerines, which are responsible for the acceleration of erythrocyte sedimentation, are counteracting the HIES. The concentration of albumin and agglomerines in plasma and the activity of lysophospholipase are subject to physiologically and pathologically caused deviations. Thereby, HIES is being influenced individually at varying degrees. This makes it difficult to estimate the LCAT activity which represents the principal cause of HIES. As a consequence, HIES seems not to be suitable for clinical diagnostics. PMID- 713419 TI - [Detection of human proteins in the epoxy housing of implanted cardiac pacemakers (author's transl)]. AB - On cardiac pacemakers with epoxy resin encapsulation of a certain type which had been implanted in humans for a considerable time, sessile human proteins were detected in the epoxy by means of immunofluorescence microscopy. These proteins are not extractable from shavings of the epoxy casing using the method described, as was shown by two different methods. The results of LOWRY's test on the eluate are invalid, because we assume that extractable amino groups are responsible for the positive results. PMID- 713420 TI - Tuberculin and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) tests in cancer patients before and after cytostatic drug therapy. AB - In 137 patients with different kinds of cancer and different cancer stage, cell mediated immunity was investigated by DNCB (dinitrochlorobenzene) and tuberculin test. These two skin tests were performed before and after cytostatic drug combination therapy. For a collective of cancer patients we found a positive correlation between skin reactions and prognosis and a negative correlation between skin reactions and cancer stage. After cytostatic drug therapy skin reactions could be significantly stronger. This could be observed in 50% when one test was positive before chemotherapy and in only 20% when both tests were negative before chemotherapy. There existed a significant correlation between an increased reaction after cytostatic drug therapy and objective tumor regression. When skin reactions decreased, tumor progression was seen in all cases. Due to these observations we use skin reactions as a good parameter for therapy results. When delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity impairs 2--3 weeks after chemotherapy, we then change the cytostatic drug combination immediately. We cannot say at this moment, whether an improvement of cytostatic drug therapy can be reached in this way. PMID- 713421 TI - [On kinetics of the paraoxon hydrolysing enzyme in human serum (EC 3.1.1.2) (author's transl)]. AB - Human serum contains an enzyme which hydrolyses Paraoxon (E-600, an organic ester of phosphoric acid) by splitting of p-nitrophenol. This enzyme is very specific and shows a statistically significant polymorphism: I.e. in a normal population there are three groups with high, middle and low enzyme activity. The results presented in this paper confirm this polymorphism by showing a differing kinetic behaviour of the enzyme in the three groups. Paraoxon, methyl-paraoxon and chlor methyl-paraoxon are most likely hydrolysed by the same enzyme and in the same way. On the other hand hydrolysation of n-propyl-paraoxon seems to be dependent on a different enzyme. A kompetitive inhibition of paraoxon-hydrolysation is exerted by S-substituted analogues of paraoxon. Paraoxon-hydrolysation is not influenzed by the addition of singly or doubly desalcylized derivatives of Paraoxon or compounds in which the nitro group is not in the p-position. PMID- 713422 TI - [Biochemistry and clinical significance of oral exocrine pancreatic function test by means of fluoresceinedilaurate (author's transl)]. AB - Column chromatography of extracts and secretions of the pancreas as well as of sera from patients suffering from inflammations of this organ yields three esterases different from each other in molecular size. These enzymes could be shown to be not identical with lipase. They may be classified as aryl-esterases considering their activities in hydrolyzing synthetic substrates such as esters of fluoresceine with fatty acids. Fluoresceinedilaurate, therefore, proved to be very advantageous in an orally performed test of exocrine pancreatic function. Healthy persons show in this procedure relative excretion of fluoresceine during ten hours of 66.3 +/- 30.4%, patients suffering from pancreatic diseases only 12.7 +/- 9.8% of the dye. PMID- 713423 TI - [Investigations on pituitary-testes axis in males with chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. AB - In 27 male patients (age 31--60 years) with chronic hepatic diseases--10 of which with alcohol-toxic cirrhosis (ACi), 10 with hepatitic cirrhosis (HCi) and 7 with chronic aggressive hepatitis (CHAH)--total testosterone (T) and total oestradiol 17 beta (E2) in plasma were determined before and after HCG i.m. as well as LH and FSH before and 30 min and 60 min after LH-RH i.v. T, E2, LH and FSH were evaluated by specific RIA. Basal T was significantly decreased in ACi in comparison to normals and to HCi and CHAH. The increase after stimulation with HCG was reduced in all patient groups. Mean E2 before stimulation was altered in none of the groups compared to controls. After HCG there was an inadequate response only in ACi. Before as well as after stimulation with LH-RH, LH and FSH were increased in all patient groups. Our results point to the following: In males with chronic hepatic failure a testes insufficiency often occurs, which may depend on the etiology and the stage of the liver disease. An additional pituitary insufficiency appears not to exist. PMID- 713424 TI - Esophageal dysfunction and its pathogenesis in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - In 25 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis esophageal involvement was studied prospectively by analysing subjective symptoms and radiological and manometric criteria. In all patients abnormal motility could be demonstrated by X ray and/or manometry: radiologically in 18 (72%), manometrically in 22 (88%) cases. Dysphagia was present only in 11 patients (44%). Six patients (24%) had no subjective symptoms in spite of severe objective esophageal abnormalities. Therefore, the absence of esophageal symptoms does not exclude advanced affliction of the esophagus. To determine the pathogenesis of esophageal dysfunction the effects of 3.5 microgram/kg carbachol and of 0.6 microgram/kg pentagastrin i.m. on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), on the amplitude and on the duration of peristaltic esophageal contractions were studied at random in 12 of the patients and 12 normal controls. The results suggest a primary myogenic genesis of the motor abnormalities by atrophy and sclerosis of esophageal smooth muscle. PMID- 713425 TI - [Involvement of the exocrine pancreas in Wilson's disease? (author's transl)]. AB - A normal exocrine pancreatic function was demonstrated by the secretin pancreozymin-test in five patients with Wilson's disease either without (n = 2) or with cirrhosis of the liver but without portal hypertension (n = 3). In another patient with cirrhosis of the liver without portal hypertension the pancreas was normal at post mortem examination. In two patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension bicarbonate (n = 1) and amylase secretion (n = 2) were diminished. The regression of portal hypertension under therapy with penicillamine in one of the latter cases was paralleled by the return to normal of exocrine pancreatic function. It is concluded that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in Wilson's disease is dependent on the development and the progression of chirrhosis of the liver and not due to a primary manifestation of the disease itself. PMID- 713426 TI - [Haptoglobin phenotypes and liver cirrhosis. I (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes (Hp) 1--1, 2--1 and 2--2 in 174 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis was determined and compared with a reference group consisting of 194 healthy subjects. The study revealed a high frequency of the Hp 1--1 phenotype (32%) in the patients as compared with the control group (14%). This difference is statistically highly significant (p less than 0.00025). It was calculated that in individuals of type Hp 1--1, the risk of liver cirrhosis is 4.3-fold higher than in persons with the phenotype Hp 2--2. PMID- 713427 TI - Whole body (59)Fe-elimination rates and corresponding blood losses in patients with factitious anemia induced by self-blood letting. PMID- 713428 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of digoxin during chronic spironolacton treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 713429 TI - [Improvement of pathological glucose tolerance by bradykinin in diabetics and in surgical patients (author's transl)]. AB - Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed in 13 metabolically healthy patients at the first and second day after abdominal surgery. GTT were carried out during an additional infusion of bradykinin (BK) (80 microgram/h) in six of these patients at the first day (group A) and in seven patients at the second day (group B). Furthermore, GTT were performed in six patients with chemical diabetes with and without BK-infusion. In addition, the effect of BK on blood glucose concentration in the postabsorptive state was investigated in nine maturity onset diabetics and in five healthy volunteers. As a control, another nine diabetics received physiological saline. In both groups of surgical patients BK improved glucose tolerance (k-values: group A without BK 1.03 +/- 0.12, with BK 1.31 +/- 0.07; group B without BK 0.85 +/- 0.18, with BK 1.25 +/- 0.21). This was also true in chemical diabetics (without BK 0.81 +/- 0.03, with BK 1.08 +/- 0.04). While BK did not change blood glucose concentration in healthy volunteers, it reduced that of diabetics by 12.2 +/- 1.4% continuously during 100 min. No spontaneous drop of blood glucose was observed in diabetics receiving saline. These results are in good accord with the present view that kinins may play a role within the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 713430 TI - [Adrenaline and noradrenaline concentration in blood of suprarenal and renal vein in man with normal blood pressure and with essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 713432 TI - Pharmacokinetic investigations in adult humans after parenteral administration of the lysine salt of acetyl-salicylic acid. AB - The lysine salt of acetylsalicylic acid was administered intravenously to four volunteers and intramuscularly to three of them. The drug was tolerated without any observed side effects. Immediately after intravenous application most of the plasma salicylate was acetylsalicylic acid. The highest concentration of acetylsalicylic acid was found after 2 minutes, highest levels of salicylic acid after 60 minutes. Elimination of acetylsalicylic acid was relatively quick within the first period after intravenous administration according to a half-life of 8 minutes. Half-life of salicylic acid was determined to be 3 hours. Intramuscular application results in a constant blood level for a longer period. Bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid was slightly lower after intramuscular application than after intravenous administration. PMID- 713433 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease in cell-free amniotic fluid. AB - The diagnosis of 6 known Tay-Sachs cases was confirmed by isoelectric focusing of the cell-free amniotic fluid. The presence of an additional--hitherto unknown- heatstable, acid hexosaminidase X in normal and pathological amniotic fluids must be taken into account especially when the heat denaturation method of detecting Tay-Sachs disease is applied. Hexosaminidase X shows some properties similar to those of hexosaminidase B. PMID- 713431 TI - [Clinical and in-vitro studies of the therapeutical range of acetylsalicylic-acid to prevent deep vein thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - In three consecutive studies, acetylsalicyliclysine using the dosages 0.9 g/48 h, 1.8 g/24 h and 3.6 g/24 h, was examined in order to see its effect in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after elective hip joint surgery. DVT was diagnosed by the 125-i-fibrinogen-test. No reduction of postoperative DVT was found under any of the administered AS-lysine dosages. The collagen-induced platelet aggregation was significantly decreased in all three groups. However, under the low AS-lysine dosages, aggregation was less inhibited with the incidence of DVT than without DVT. In the group with the 3.6 g-dosage, aggregation was maximally inhibited, without any significant difference related to the occurrence of DVT. The results reveal no therapeutic range of AS-lysine to prevent postoperative venous thrombosis. PMID- 713434 TI - [The influence of tinofedrine on fibrinogen and platelet aggregation in patients with recent cerebral infarction (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of Tinofedrine (0.12--0.17 mg/kg. bodyweight) on fibrinogen and platelet aggregation has been investigated in 45 patients (mean age 65 years) with recent cerebral infarction. Depending on the duration of medication a significant decrease of the fibrinogen level as well as of enhanced platelet aggregation has been observed. It is concluded from the present results that the decrease of enhanced platelet aggregation may be mediated by the fall of fibrinogen. PMID- 713435 TI - Renal insufficiency in nephrosclerosis (benign nephrosclerosis resp. transition from benign to secondary malignant nephrosclerosis) correlations between morphological and functional parameters. AB - 62 tissue specimens with the only diagnosis benign nephrosclerosis (or benign nephrosclerosis with transition to secondary malignant nephrosclerosis) were investigated attempting to correlate morphological findings (relative interstitial volume of the renal cortex, types of hyalinisation and kinds of periglomerular changes, vessel index) with each other and with the serum creatinine concentration as a parameter of renal function. There are significant correlations in form of exponential and parabolic functions between relative interstitial volume of the renal cortex and the serum creatinine concentration at the time of biopsy. Furthermore 5 types of glomerular and periglomerular changes, which could be discriminated, seem to influence renal function in a different way and at different stages of the disease. An additional factor are the arteriolar changes. There are positive rank correlations between vessel index and serum creatinine concentration as well as between vessel index and relative interstitial volume. In cases with a higher percentage of hyalinized glomeruli more pronounced arteriolar lesions (partly alterations which can be found in secondary malignant nephrosclerosis) were observed. No connections seem to exist between mean blood pressure and the mentioned morphological and functional parameters. The reduction of renal function seems to be caused by tubular and interstitial factors: the often observed atrophy of tubules in fibrotic areas possibly impairs resorptional capacity. The mechanisms of the glomerular-tubular balance may lead to a diminished glomerular filtration. On the other hand alterations of the capillaries may induce perivascular edema, which, if not reabsorbed, leads to interstitial fibrosis. The produced collagen fibres may reduce the cross sectional area of the postglomerular vessel network. This may lead to a slowing of the renal cortical and glomerular blood flow, thus inducing an increase of the serum creatinine concentration. Weighing all factors, the interstitial fibrosis seems to be the most important. PMID- 713437 TI - [Calcium and phosphate metabolism in hemofiltration (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 patients undergoing hemofiltration treatment acute changes of parameters in the calcium-phosphate metaboism were investigated. Balance studies were also performed in all patients. Control studies were conducted after a 3-month interval in 7 patients. Whereas ionized calcium and 25-HCC remained constant, there was a significant decrease in phosphate, magnesium, fluoride and parathyroid hormone. Corresponding to these results, negative balances could be seen during the course of a hemofiltration treatment: for phosphate a mean value of -593 mg, for magnesium -8.4 mEq and for fluoride -458 microgram. When a calcium content of 3.75 mEq/l was used in the substitution solution, an only slightly positive calcium balance of +1.51 mEq/l (mean value) was found. A significant correlation between calcium and fluid balance was demonstrated by means of 197 filtration treatments of one patient: the calcium balance became negative whenever the fluid loss was greater than 3.86 liters. After a 3-month period no significant changes in the above parameters were found, which indicates, that disturbances in the calcium-phosphate-parathyroid hormone metabolism do not only lie in a reduced renal elimination. Even though our results do not indicate that hemofiltration treatment induces or increases the chances of renal osteodystrophy, the calcium concentration of the substitution solution should be increased to 4.0 mEq/l, in order to guarentee a positive calcium balance even by forced filtration. PMID- 713436 TI - [Comparative histometrical studies in minimal proliferative intercapillary glomerulonephritis with (minimal changes) and without nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Minimal changes in the glomerular structure and definitively provable only by the aid of morphometric methods. This is of value especially for the minimal proliferative intercapillary glomerulonephritis with and without nephrotic syndrome where, because of the different clinical symptomatology, changes in the morphology may be expected too which however, usually are not recognizable with the methods of light-microscopy. That is why morphometric analyses of kidney tissues of ever ten patients of both groups of the disease were made and the results compared with each after and against normal kidneys. It could be shown that the minimal proliferative intercapillary glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome (minimal changes, lipoid-nephrosis) is accompanied by an increase of local cells, especially the mesangial cells, just as the same disease without nephrotic syndrome. Besides that there exists a clear increase of the mesangiummatrix in the minimal proliferative intercapillary glomerulonephritis without nephrotic syndrome. Because of the morphometric findings it is justified to make a demarcation of both groups of the disease as well as against the mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 713440 TI - Studies on mannosyl glycoproteins of cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 713438 TI - Digoxin and digitoxin elimination in man by charcoal hemoperfusion. AB - Since there is no widely used causal means of reducing the severity of massive digitalis intoxication the capability of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal to remove toxicologically relevant amounts of digoxin and digitoxin was evaluated in vitro and in man. At a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min the digoxin clearance by hemoperfusion in vitro was 51 +/- 8 ml/min in comparison to 24.3 +/- 11.3 ml/min by hemodialysis. The average hemoperfusion clearance of digitoxin was 31.7 +/- 13.4 ml/min, whereas almost no digitoxin was removed by hemodialysis. These clearance values point to the ability of hemoperfusion of eliminating digitalis glycosides from the blood. They do not clarify the essential question whether it is possible to lower the toxic concentrations in the tissues. PMID- 713439 TI - Plasminogen activator release with experimental vasoconstrictions in the isolated perfused dog leg. PMID- 713441 TI - Repair of single DNA-strand breaks and recovery from sublethal radiation injury. PMID- 713442 TI - Experimental study on pathophysiology of coronary insufficiency. Effect of coronary constriction and beta-adrenergic blockade on intramyocardial pressure. PMID- 713443 TI - Practical method for the selection of optimal endotracheal tube size in pediatric anesthesia. PMID- 713444 TI - [Methods of controlling and detecting the side effects of diuretic agents]. PMID- 713445 TI - [Case of nonspecific aorto-arteritis]. PMID- 713446 TI - [New potentials of further reducing the surgical risk in heart valve prosthesis]. PMID- 713448 TI - [Ventricular preexcitation syndrome in atrioventricular rhythm]. PMID- 713447 TI - [Characteristics of the course of acute nonspecific myocarditis]. PMID- 713449 TI - [2 cases of Loffler's endocarditis]. PMID- 713450 TI - [Case of pericardial sarcoma]. PMID- 713451 TI - [Intermittent hydrarthrosis]. PMID- 713452 TI - [Case of allergy to barium sulfate]. PMID- 713453 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of arthrologic diseases]. PMID- 713454 TI - [Concept and classification of liver insufficiency]. PMID- 713455 TI - [Nonspecific aorto-arteritis]. PMID- 713456 TI - [New differential diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 713457 TI - [Climacteric cardiopathy]. PMID- 713458 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the blood serum proteolytic and antiproteolytic activities in myocardial infarct and acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 713460 TI - [Gonadotropic and androgenic functions in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 713459 TI - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines in hypertension and its complications]. PMID- 713461 TI - [Cobalt-caused myocardiopathies in the clinical picture of occupational diseases]. PMID- 713462 TI - [Digoxin treatment procedures and some ways to avoid glycoside poisoning]. PMID- 713463 TI - [X-ray methods in the diagnosis of spinal osteochondrosis]. PMID- 713464 TI - [Use of massage with oxygen therapy in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 713465 TI - [Combination of arteriosclerosis and chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 713466 TI - [Electrocardiographic possibilities in the diagnosis of a thromboembolism of the main trunk and principal branches of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 713467 TI - [Lung rheography in isolated pulmonary artery stenosis]. PMID- 713468 TI - [Dynamic medical control over the members of the flight crews in the process of long flights]. AB - On the basis of the study of cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous and motor systems of crewmembers (60 people) who made prolonged aircraft flights (over 10 hours) two types of physiological reactions have been defined. One type includes emotional reactions to short-term complications in the flight, and the other involves fatigue and relative exhaustion of the functional systems as a result of strenuous work and adverse flight effects. It has been demonstrated that the dynamic medical control is an important addition to the preflight and interflight physical examinations of the flying personnel. PMID- 713469 TI - [Effect of an increased level of hydration on human tolerance to orthostatism and the action of LBNP]. AB - Intake of fluid, water-salt solutions, water and sodium chloride resulted in hyperhydration, the level and duration of which varied with respect to the pattern and composition of the ingredients consumed. As applied to real space flights, fractional consumption of water and sodium chloride proved most promising. This regimen yielded a distinct and prolonged hyperhydration and incrased orthostatic and LBNP tolerance of the test subjects. PMID- 713470 TI - [Change in human kidney activity in passive orthostatism and head-down tilting]. AB - Changes in the natriuretic and water excretory renal functions of healthy people during tilt table tests--with the head-end lifted upwards at an angle of 45 degrees and lowered at an angle of -15 degrees--were investigated. The renal excretion of sodium, water and osmotically active substances decreased drastically during the first 20 min of the headdown tilting and continued to fall down during the next 20 min. These changes were induced by an increase in the rate of tubular reabsorption of filtrate, sodium and osmotically free water rather than by a significant decrease of glomerular filtration rate. After tilting to the horizontal position circulation and glomerular filtration parameters rapidly returned to the normal. However, sodium clearance, diuresis and osmolar clearance remained decreased till the end of the experiment due to the further increase in the tubular reabsorption rate of sodium and water. During head-down tilting an increase in natriuresis, diuresis and osmolar clearance was seen which was related to an increase in the glomerular filtration rate and a decrease in the tubular reabsorption rate of filtrate, sodium and osmotically free water. PMID- 713471 TI - [Constancy of the circadian system of the body]. AB - With respect to the biorhythmological selection of cosmonauts the concept of the biorhythmological status is understood as a sum total of biorhythmological properties of the human body. Two components of the biorhythmological properties of the human body. Two components of the biorhythmological status--constancy and lability of the circadian system--are described. Their interaction is discussed from the point of view of the hierarchical principle of the arrangement of the circadian system. Certain methods of quantitative evaluation of constancy of circadian rhythms are presented. Particular attention is given to the assessment of stability of the position of circadian rhythms on the 24-hour scale. PMID- 713472 TI - [Dynamics of the biochemical makeup of the blood in cosmonauts during flights]. AB - Prolonged space flights (15 to 63 days) led to changes in the biochemical composition of the blood that were observed both during and after flight. Blood samples were withdrawn inflight, stored in a special device onboard and analyzed on return to Earth. The data obtained in real flights were compared with those from the 30-day simulation flight. In real and simulated flights the urea content showed the most significant changes. Inflight it increased to 40 mg% versus 31 mg% preflight. The urea content grew on the 3rd-5th flight day, reaching maximum on the 15-30th day and decreasing again afterwards. The content of glucose and inorganic phosphorus increased slightly whereas that of acid-soluble and lipid phosphorus remained unaltered. The level of cholesterol decreased. The striking similarity between the changes in blood biochemistries during real and simulated flights suggests that they are induced by factors other than weightlessness. PMID- 713473 TI - [Dynamics of the disturbances in pilot activities in hypoxia]. AB - Changes in the structure of the work done by aircraft flyers during piloting and oxygen starvation were studied. The experiments were carried out on 10 pilots who performed simulation flights while breathing hypoxic gas mixtures containing 10.5% O2 (at an altitude of 5000 m) or 9.6% O2 (at an altitude of 5600 m). These findings suggest that the earliest sign of disordered piloting during hypoxia was a delayed formation of controlling actions. At greater hypoxia noticeable changes were seen in the structure of motor activities together with distinct disturbances of coordination relations of muscles-antagonists involved in the realization of controlling movements. The sensory component suffered from the hypoxic effect to a lesser extent. Complex forms of the mental activity proved to be most resistant to hypoxia. PMID- 713474 TI - [Combined effect of hyperoxia, hypobarism and physical work on the rate of methyl ketone excretion from the human body]. AB - When working under the conditions of lowered atmospheric pressure (energy expenditures 400 kCal/hour, barometric pressure 308 mm Hg, oxygen breathing, comfortable environmental parameters), the test subjects showed an increased rate of methyl ketone excretion in the exhaled air. The content of acetone in the excreted methyl ketones was 70%. The methyl ketone excretion with perspired water developed uniformly. PMID- 713475 TI - [Basic results of an experiment with mammals on the Kosmos-782 biosatellite]. AB - The rat experiments carried out onboard the biosatellite Cosmos-782 contributed to our understanding of mechanisms of animal adaption to prolonged weightlessness. Postflight analysis helped to study nonspecific changes related to the stress-reaction accompanying space flight and return to the Earth gravity as well as specific changes associated with functional unloading of the musculoskeletal system in weightlessness. The flight results confirmed the previously made conclusions concerning possible adaptation of mammals to prolonged weightlessness and lack of pathological changes in vital weightlessness. They included: metabolic and hormonal changes, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis and delayed bone growth, decrease of ATPase activity of myocardial myosin, inhibition of erythropoiesis. PMID- 713476 TI - [Spermatogenesis in dogs during chronic gamma irradiation over years and in the aftereffect period]. AB - Morphological parameters of spermatogenesis of 60 test and 12 control dogs exposed to a 6-year irradiation with total doses of 21 to 1140 rad were studied. The capacity for reparative regeneration of testes was maintained during the 5-6 years of irradiation at a dose rate of 0.06 and 0.17 rad/day. Early signs of radiation injury of testes were clearly observed during the first years of irradiation at a dose rate of 125 rad/year and progressively developed with an increase in the total dose. Inhibition of spermatogenesis reached maximum (atrophy of the spermatogenic epithelium, depletion of canaliculi) by the end of the first year of combined irradiation (190 rad/year). Spermatogenesis returned to normal in the animals that received a total dose of 570 rad during a 3-year irradiation exposure and were sacrificed 4.5 years after the onset of the experiment. PMID- 713477 TI - [DNA content in the organs of animals in space flight on the Kosmos-690 satellite]. AB - The DNA content in the liver, spleen and bone marrow of white rats exposed to a prolonged gamma-irradiation at a dose of 220 and 800 rad on the 10th day of the 20.5-day space flight and the ground-based synchronous experiment was measured. Space flight factors produced a modifying effect on the postradiation changes in the DNA content. This modifying influence was detected in all organs tested, although in a different degree, and involved an enhancement of the radiation effect which was associated with retardation of postradiation regenerative processes. PMID- 713478 TI - [Blood coagulation state on exposure to prolonged hypokinesia]. AB - The effect of 14- and 30-day hypokinesia on hemocoagulation of rabbits was studied. Hypokinesia caused noticeable changes in the hemostatic system. By the 14th hypokinetic day the experimental animals developed hypercoagulation which in some cases ended in intravascular blood-clotting. By the 30th hypokinetic day there was a decrease in the total blood coagulatory capability which to be associated with the utilization of procoagulants during blood clotting and an increase in the anticoagulant activity in response to primary hypercoagulemia. Thus, hypokinesia-induced changes in the blood clotting system develop like the thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. PMID- 713479 TI - [Combined action on the body of carbon monoxide and normobaric hyperoxia]. AB - Thirty-day experiments on white male rats were carried out to determine the combined effect of carbon monoxide and hyperoxic atmosphere on the animal body. The two factors showed an antagonistic biological effect, the influence of hyperoxic atmosphere prevailing over that of carbon monoxide. It is suggested that during a combined exposure of animals to the two factors maximally allowable concentrations of each can be used without any corrections. PMID- 713480 TI - [Blood lipid changes in rats in hypoxia]. AB - Changes in the total lipid spectrum of serum of rats exposed to acute hypoxia were examined. Quantitative measurements of lipids showed a decrease of total lipids and a redistribution of lipid components in absolute and relative values. A distinct decrease in the quantity of cholesterol ester and a concomitant increase of free cholesterol, an elevation in the relative content of free fatty acids and emergence of diglycerides were noted. The qualitative composition of phospholipids remained unaltered, whereas the absolute amount of glycerophosphates, lysoforms of phosphatids, phosphatid acids and lecithin fraction increased. The changes in the ratio of lipid components are closely connected with the qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of serum lipoproteins. PMID- 713481 TI - [Chromosomal translocations evoked in the sex cells of male mice by combined exposure to chronic gamma and acute x-ray irradiation]. PMID- 713482 TI - [Effect of intermittent hypoxia on the functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils]. PMID- 713483 TI - [Effect of craniocerebral injury on the reactive characteristics of the hypothalamic and hippocampal vessels in hypoxia]. PMID- 713484 TI - [Effect of psychophysiological self-regulation on the emotional stability of a pilot cadet during flights and the effectiveness of his assimilation of the flight training program]. PMID- 713485 TI - [Hemodynamic and cardiac cycle phase structure study of the Saliut-4 crew]. AB - The paper gives the results of physical examinations of P.I. Klimuk and V.I. Sevastyanov during their flight aboard the orbital station Salyut-4. The examinations were carried out by means of the Polynomial-2 device at rest and under the conditions approximating basal metabolism. Since the end of the first flight week the circulation parameters did not differ substantially from the preflight values. Stroke volume and cardiac output increased slightly. In weightlessness circulation parameters varied with respect to the work done by the cosmonauts. On the first postflight day peripheral resistance, arterial pressure and cardiac output were increased. PMID- 713486 TI - Defective mitochondrial energy production during potassium depletion nephropathy. PMID- 713487 TI - The pathogenesis of papillary muscle rupture complicating myocardial infarction: hemorrhage accompanying contraction band necrosis. AB - Although frank rupture of the papillary muscle complicating myocardial infarction is gaining widespread interest as its incidence continues to rise, the mechanism of rupture remains unclear. Of all patients who died with myocardial infarction and who came to autopsy at this institution over the past 21 years, 13 were found to have papillary muscle rupture. Twelve of these 13 had severe contraction band necrosis with interstitial hemorrhage in the areas surrounding the site of rupture. The hemorrhages infiltrated the interstitium and appeared to have dissected both longitudinally and transversely through the myocardium. In contrast, those patients with papillary muscle infarction without rupture were found to have coagulation necrosis. These findings suggest that the interstitial hemorrhages occurring with contraction band necrosis may act as dissecting masses of blood, thereby causing the rupture. PMID- 713488 TI - Granular and agranular cell counts in the juxtaglomerular apparatuses of rats with unilateral renovascular hypertension. AB - Counts were made of granular and agranular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatuses of rats with unilateral renovascular hypertension, using light and electron microscopy. Both granular and agranular cells may appear binucleated; therefore, nuclear counts need to be corrected by 4 to 8 per cent to get true cell counts. The polar cushion (Polkissen) corresponds to the cells included in the juxtaglomerular cell count, which is really a nuclear count. Interstitial or inflammatory cells may lie close to the polar cushion and should be excluded from the counts. The polar cushions in sham-operated rats contained mostly agranular cells: less then 6 per cent of the cells were granular. Most of the granular cells lay outside the polar cushion in afferent and efferent arteriolar walls. With acute hypertension the cells in the polar cushion increased 26 per cent due to increases in both granular and agranular cells, with the result that 11 per cent of the cells were granular and 89 per cent agranular. The number of granular cells seemed to decrease with chronic hypertension while the number of agranular cells remained elevated. This suggests the agranular cells have a function which is independent of that of granular cells. PMID- 713489 TI - Pathology of experimental spinal cord trauma. I. The necrotic lesion as a function of vascular injury. AB - Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to spinal cord trauma at the lower thoracic-lumbar levels utilizing a weight dropping technique onto the surgically exposed dorsal surface. The experimental conditions of trauma consistently produced severe paraplegia without spontaneous movement of the hindlimbs, a sensory level, and neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Changes in blood vessels and the development of tissue necrosis were studied in a posttrauma time sequence by light and electron microscopy. Fibrinoid necrosis and disruption of major arteries as well as veins were observed immediately after impact, antedating the evolution of parenchymal necrosis. A fusiform zone of spinal cord necrosis, involving the complete cross-sectional area beneath the site of impact, evolved over a period of 8 to 24 hours, being initially complete in the gray matter by 4 hours and thereafter in the white matter. Ultrastructural observations revealed that the evolution of necrotic cellular constituents was piecemeal. Except for the occurrence of intracellular calcification and heterophagocytosis in the traumatized tissue, the electron microscopic features of cellular necrosis were comparable to those of postmortem spinal cord autolysis, studied in parallel. The observations are consistent with trauma producing ischemic necrosis, resulting from major blood vessel disruption occurring at the moment of impact. PMID- 713490 TI - Pathology of experimental spinal cord trauma. II. Ultrastructure of axons and myelin. AB - Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to spinal cord trauma of the lower thoracic-upper lumbar spinal cord using a weight dropping technique onto the surgically exposed dorsal surface. This experimental model, which results in severe paraplegia and development of complete segmental necrosis, was studied in a time sequence varying from immediately to 30 days afterward by electron microscopy, in order to characterize the pathologic changes in axons and myelin in the area of impounding. The results revealed tubulovesiculation within axons immediately posttrauma. Axonal fragmentation, axonal and adaxonal swelling accounted for the progressively increasing spongy appearance of the white matter. Beginning at 30 minutes and progressing until completion of tissue necrosis at 8 to 24 hours, axonal necrosis characterized by a finely granular alteration gradually evolved. Spheroids containing increased mitochondria, neurofilaments, lysosomes, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum appeared both in and peripheral to the zone of necrosis. Axonal calcification, rarely observed within 30 minutes, appeared maximally after the evolution of tissue necrosis. Two basic abnormalities of myelin were found: vesicular degeneration and intramyelinic vacuolization. These characteristically occurred late and involved fibers with abnormal axoplasm and were interpreted as being secondary in origin. PMID- 713491 TI - Renal age changes: observations of the rat kidney cortex with special reference to structure and function of the lysosomal system in the proximal tubule. PMID- 713492 TI - The surgical management of elbow joint deformity associated with premature growth plate closure in dogs. PMID- 713493 TI - Premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs--a review of 58 cases. PMID- 713494 TI - Inflammatory polypoid growths in the ear canal of cats. PMID- 713495 TI - Osteomyelitis in the dog: microorganisms isolated and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. PMID- 713496 TI - Short-term antimicrobial therapy--a pilot compliance study using ampicillin in dogs. PMID- 713497 TI - Radiolocal refresher--13. The head--Part 4: dental disease. PMID- 713498 TI - Medical school, interdisciplinarity, and the delivery of health care in Southeast Asia. PMID- 713499 TI - Assumptions and presumptions in management of dengue haemorrhagic fever shock. PMID- 713500 TI - Echocardiography in infants and children. PMID- 713502 TI - Biliary atresia--a review of current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 713503 TI - Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum in the newborn. PMID- 713501 TI - Urine--osmolality, refractive index and specific gravity. PMID- 713504 TI - Undergraduate teaching in occupational medicine. PMID- 713505 TI - Non-ionizing radiations. PMID- 713506 TI - Man-made mineral fibres. PMID- 713507 TI - Amyl nitrite and all that. PMID- 713508 TI - As I see it. PMID- 713509 TI - Manufacturing processes: coremaking. PMID- 713510 TI - Social psychological factors of menstrual distress. PMID- 713511 TI - Fears in American and Israeli women. PMID- 713512 TI - Situational and extended attitude models as predictors of marijuana intentions and reported behavior. PMID- 713513 TI - Effects of two types of motor practice on stuttering adaptation. AB - The present study identifies and compares the effects of two types of motor practice on stuttering adaptation. The study was designed to determine if whispered reading practice affects stuttering adaptation, and if practice in reading aloud is superior to whispered reading in promoting adaptation. In a control condition, eight stutterers read one of two matched passages aloud five times in succession. In an experimental condition, the remaining passage was read aloud on the first and fifth trials, and was read in a whisper on Trials 2, 3, and 4. The results indicated that (1) the stutterers' adaptation in the control condition was similar to the typical course of adaptation, (2) the three intervening whispered readings in the experimental condition neither inhibited nor facilitated adaptation, and (3) practice in reading aloud was superior to whispered practice in promoting stuttering adaptation. It was concluded that whispered reading practice does not facilitate stuttering adaptation when the measurement of that process requires reading aloud. Traditionally, adaptation has been measured only during reading done aloud. Consequently, practice in reading aloud has the greatest positive influence on the adaptation process. PMID- 713514 TI - Performance of children with good and poor articulation on tasks of tongue placement. AB - This study determined whether children could learn to replicate four positions of lingual-palatal contact with and without topical anesthesia that eliminated touch pressure sensations. First-grade boys, nine with good articulation skills and nine with poor articulation skills, were used as subjects. Results suggest that individuals are able to learn nonspeech tasks of tongue positioning by relying on muscle spindles or deep receptors within the tongue, or both, or by relying on lingual touch-pressure or other surface receptors within the tongue, or, by a combination of deep and surface receptors of the tongue. Further, tongue positioning need not be dependent on touch-pressure or superficial tactile mechanisms. Children with relatively severe articulation problems performed more poorly on the tasks of precise tongue placement than children with good articulation skills. And finally, children with relatively severe articulation problems may be able to improve their initially poor performance on tongue placement tasks with specific training on those tasks, implying that this group did receive the intraoral sensory feedback necessary to learn the task, but that more experience was needed for the learning to occur. PMID- 713515 TI - Room acoustics effects on monosyllabic word discrimination ability for normal and hearing-impaired children. AB - The monosyllabic work discrimination of normal and hearing-impaired children was evaluated in situations selected to simulate acoustical conditions in current educational environments. All listeners were tested in a high-fidelity (loudspeaker-aided) condition under 12 combinations of reverberation and noise. Hearing-impaired subjects were also evaluated in the same 12 conditions while listening through a monaural hearing aid. Performance of the normal-hearing group was superior to the hearing-impaired listeners in all environments. Results suggest that classroom acoustics should be considered a critical variable in the educational achievement of children. PMID- 713516 TI - The effects on stuttering of self-recording the frequency of stuttering or the word "the". AB - The effect of self-recording the frequency of stuttering or the word "the" during spontaneous speech by three adult stutterers was assessed within a single-subject experimental design. The effect of these procedures on stuttering frequency, use of the word "the," and speech rate differed for each subject. Subject 1 showed no systematic change in stuttering and an initial increase in "the" responses. Subject 2 reduced stuttering to almost zero during self-recording conditions. Subject 3 increased stuttering during self-recording stuttering and self recording "the" conditions. These results, which indicated that self-recording procedures have a variety of effects on the stuttering behavior of different individuals, are not consistent with previous studies that have shown only reductions in stuttering during self-recording conditions. PMID- 713517 TI - Some airflow, volume, and duration characteristics of oral reading. AB - Inspiratory and expiratory airflow (oral + nasal), volume, and duration characteristics during oral reading were investigated for eight young adults. Flow signals, sensed through a facemask-pneumotachometer-pressure transducer system, were quantified and analyzed by a computer program. Results showed that the modification of volume and flow during oral reading was primarily related to the timing of inspiratory and expiratory phases and secondarily to the magnitude of oronasal air volume. Effects of linguistic constraints were observed in inspiratory behavior, within and between sentences. Connected utterances showed lower and more variable peak flows than those reported for isolated syllables or words. PMID- 713518 TI - Use of optical distance sensing to track tongue motion. AB - We have designed a device that uses a reflected-light-sensing technique to monitor tongue movement in the frontal oral cavity. The sensing unit is composed of a LED light source and a phototransistor, mounted together onto an artificial palate, and attached to the had palate. The basic sensing function of this unit is governed by the formula r/(r2 + xo2)3/2 rather than by the inverse square distance law. In this equation, r is the distance between the sensor and the reflector, namely, the tongue surface. The xo is the separation between the source and the photosensor. Two potential problems, the beam dispersion effect of the light source and the nonparallel movement of the tongue, were anticipated. They can be theoretically represented or technically prevented. The softness of the tongue and the protuberances of its surface are also favorable aspects of this method, creating special light reflection from the tongue surface. The available output function was from 0 to 40 or 50 mm. This gives the device the capability of detecting both vowel and consonantal articulation. The method can be useful to further speech research and the development of a language teaching aid system. PMID- 713519 TI - Speech-discrimination scores modeled as a binomial variable. AB - Many studies have reported variability data for tests of speech discrimination, and the disparate results of these studies have not been given a simple explanation. Arguments over the relative merits of 25- vs 50-word tests have ignored the basic mathematical properties inherent in the use of percentage scores. The present study models performance on clinical tests of speech discrimination as a binomial variable. A binomial model was developed, and some of its characteristics were tested against data from 4120 scores obtained on the CID Auditory Test W-22. A table for determining significant deviations between scores was generated and compared to observed differences in half-list scores for the W-22 tests. Good agreement was found between predicted and observed values. Implications of the binomial characteristics of speech-discrimination scores are discussed. PMID- 713520 TI - Language and sensorimotor development during the early period of referential speech. AB - The relation between sensorimotor attainments and linguistic development in children using referential speech at the single- and two-word utterance levels was examined. When age was controlled, the sensorimotor task performance of normal children who produced two-word utterances was highly similar to that of normal children limited to single-work utterances. Identical findings were observed for language-disordered children functioning at the single- and two-word utterance levels. In addition, several children's performances on the sensorimotor tasks were below the level previously thought necessary for the emergence of referential speech. The position is taken that the relationship between sensorimotor development and linguistic development is not as close as has been presumed. PMID- 713521 TI - Understanding indirect requests: an investigation of children's comprehension of pragmatic meanings. AB - Two experiments examined four-, five-, and six-year-old children's understanding of indirect requests. The experimental tasks required the children to judge the appropriateness of a listener's response to indirect requests involving an affirmative syntactic construction (Can you shut the door?), requests containing a negative element (Can't you answer the phone?), and requests for the state of affairs mentioned in the predicate to be changed (Must you play the piano?). Even the youngest age group exhibited an understanding of the first two types of indirect requests. However, only the six year olds showed any understanding of requests for a change in the state of affairs mentioned in the predicate. Possible factors responsible for children's difficulty with these requests are discussed. PMID- 713522 TI - Laryngeal muscle activity during stuttering. AB - Laryngeal muscle activity during fluent and stuttered utterances was investigated via electromyography. Analysis revealed that stuttering was accompanied by high levels of laryngeal muscle activity and disruption of normal reciprocity between abductor and adductor muscle groups. Results are interpreted as demonstrating the existence of a laryngeal component in stuttering and showing a strong correlation between abnormal laryngeal muscle activity and moments of stuttering. PMID- 713523 TI - A laterality effect in isometric and isotonic labial tracking. AB - Hemispheric dominance for sensorimotor control of lip activity was investigated by use of a pursuit auditory tracking task. This task involves continuous frequency matching of a computer-generated target tone and a subject-controlled cursor tone. Thirty right-handed subjects were tested under isometric lip and hand control, and 20 right-handed subjects under isotonic lip control. Subjects tracked 10 1-min trials under each laterality condition--cursor/right ear, target/left ear, and vice versa. In both experiments tracking performance was better when the lip-controlled cursor tone was presented to the right ear (hence direct contralateral route to left hemisphere). A significant (p less than 0.05) cursor/right-ear advantage was found under isometric hand-tracking. Analysis routines examined relative laterality advantages across several time intervals within each 1-min trial. Consistent lateralization scores in favor of cursor/right-ear presentations (REAs) were independent of the time interval measured. For isometric tracking, 58% of subjects having laterality advantages (p less than 0.10) revealed REAs. For isotonic tracking, 71% of subjects revealed REAs. Implications of the latter finding are discussed relative to a left hemisphere mechanism specialized to integrate movement-generated auditory feedback with dynamic kinesthetic information from the articulators. PMID- 713524 TI - A right-ear effect for auditory feedback control of children's newly acquired phonemes. AB - To determine the relative importance of binaural, right-ear, and left-ear auditory feedback control on the correct production of newly acquired articulatory patterns in children, 40 children exhibiting misarticulations were tested under four experimental conditions. The children were individually administered a shortened version of the Deep Test of Articulation (McDonald, 1964) under (1) a no-masking condition, followed in a counterbalanced order by readministration of the Deep Test under conditions of (2) binaural masking, (3) monaural right-ear masking, and (4) monaural left-ear masking. Correct articulatory production by the children was significantly reduced under binaural and monaural right-ear masking. There was, however, no significant reduction in the children's correct production under the condition of monaural left-ear masking. The results extend previous findings of right-ear superiority for children's auditory processing of externally produced stimuli to the closed-loop auditory feedback control of children's own speech production. PMID- 713525 TI - Stuttering as operant behavior: effects of the verbal stimuli wrong, right, and tree on the disfluency rates of school-age stutterers and nonstutterers. AB - This study assessed the effects of the verbally presented stimuli wrong, right, and tree on the frequency of disfluencies during oral reading by 18 school-aged stutterers and 18 matched nonstutterers. No differences were found between the three stimulus words' effect on the disfluency rate of either subject group. Because decreases in the disfluency rates of stutterers were observed during the presentation of all three stimulus words, the data failed to support the operant model. A discussion of theoretical and experimental implications is given. PMID- 713526 TI - Dichotic ear preference in aphasia: another view. PMID- 713527 TI - Standardization of lip muscle nomenclature. PMID- 713528 TI - The significant asymmetrical tympanogram. PMID- 713529 TI - Structural and biochemical alterations in canine arterial autografts. PMID- 713530 TI - Measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution: development of accurate measurements at flows applicable to the pediatric patient. PMID- 713531 TI - Effect of Bacillus calmette Guerin on local and metastatic melanoma growth. PMID- 713532 TI - A reliable method for experimental production of pancreatic pseudocysts. PMID- 713533 TI - Serial myocardial biopsies using an improved microfluorometric assay. PMID- 713534 TI - A study of labeled pluronic F-68 after intravenous injection into the dog. PMID- 713536 TI - Effect of alcohol on canine esophageal mucosa. PMID- 713535 TI - Renal effects of glucagon in dogs with hemorrhagic hypotension. PMID- 713537 TI - Structural and biochemical alterations in canine venous autografts. PMID- 713538 TI - Temporal characteristics of insulin: glucose ratio after varying degrees of stress and trauma in man. PMID- 713539 TI - Development and analysis of a small animal model simulating the human postburn hypermetabolic response. PMID- 713540 TI - The effect of renoportal venous shunts on growth and hepatic function in the dog. PMID- 713542 TI - The watertight spinal window technique. PMID- 713541 TI - A protein sparing model in the rat during hypocaloric feeding: factors determining preservation of visceral protein function. PMID- 713543 TI - A thrombocytopenic experimental model using antiplatelet serum. PMID- 713544 TI - Comparison of electrical impedance and mechanical plethysmography. Calibration of an impedance rheograph. PMID- 713545 TI - Prevention of peritoneal adhesions by a new povidone-iodine/PVP solution. PMID- 713547 TI - Chromatin-associated ribonucleases are activated by estradiol in chick oviduct. PMID- 713546 TI - Renal effects of acute infrarenal aortocaval fistula. PMID- 713549 TI - An improved method for extraction and determination of prostate concentrations of endogenous androgens. PMID- 713548 TI - Influence of enzyme treatment on dexamethasone binding in isolated thymocytes. PMID- 713550 TI - Studies of cholesterol binding in the soluble fraction of the adrenal cortex of the guinea pig. PMID- 713552 TI - Androgen metabolism in the dog. PMID- 713551 TI - Aldosterone induced changes in protein synthesis in rat intestine. PMID- 713553 TI - Electrophoretic desorption: preparative elution of steroid specific antibodies from immunoadsorbents. PMID- 713554 TI - The use of iodinated steroid as radioligand for testosterone radioimmunoassay. PMID- 713555 TI - Cholesterol excretion and liver cholesterol in rats during early stages of orotic acid feeding. PMID- 713556 TI - Urinary excretion of 5beta-pregnane-3alpha,6alpha,20alpha-triol in human gestation. PMID- 713557 TI - Metabolism of androgens and estrogens by human fecal microorganisms. PMID- 713558 TI - Binding characteristics of estrone, estradiol and estriol to the human myometrial estrogen receptor. PMID- 713559 TI - Variations in serum protein fractions following a continuous long term intake of eugynon and lyndiol by Iranian women. PMID- 713560 TI - A theory on the migration of an extraneous electron across hydrogen bonds in polypeptides. PMID- 713561 TI - Development of ordered arrays of cell wall pores in desmids: a nucleation model. PMID- 713562 TI - Semiempirical CNDO/2 calculation of the electronic structure of the DNA molecule. I. Ground state potential curves; Tunneling and tautomeric equilibrium in the N-H -N and O--H-N bonds of the adenine-thymine base pair. PMID- 713563 TI - A possible mechanism for the establishment of nitrogen fixation in bacteroids of fast-growing acid-producing Rhizobium. PMID- 713564 TI - Time average in chemical reaction and its application to the biological system. PMID- 713565 TI - Can the central dogma by derived from information theory? PMID- 713566 TI - Fitness and survival in logistic models. PMID- 713567 TI - On the hydrodynamics of plasmodesmata. PMID- 713568 TI - The use of population projection matrices in cell kinetics. PMID- 713569 TI - Multivariate analysis of avian vocalizations. PMID- 713570 TI - Interpretation of the difference index as a guide to protein sequence identity. PMID- 713571 TI - Evaluation of distribution-free confidence limits for enzyme kinetic parameters. PMID- 713572 TI - Models of normal and transformed cell adhesion, and capping and locomotion in vitro. PMID- 713573 TI - Informational analysis of MS2 and phiX174 virus genomes. PMID- 713574 TI - The effect of viscosity on the apparent decomposition rate on enzyme--ligand complexes. PMID- 713575 TI - The origin of Fibonacci phyllotaxis--an analysis of Adler's contact pressure model and Mitchison's expanding apex model. PMID- 713577 TI - Water relations in the malonamide-induced haemolysis of mammalian erythrocytes. PMID- 713576 TI - On the conformational dependence of the proton chemical shifts in nucleosides and nucleotides. III. Proton chemical shifts of 5'-nucleotides as a function of different conformational parameters. PMID- 713578 TI - Diffusion gradients, membrane receptors, and the acquistion of orientational information by cells. PMID- 713579 TI - Space-dependent cell determination under the control of morphogen gradient. PMID- 713580 TI - Stability of cyclic gene models for systems involving repression. PMID- 713581 TI - Factors influencing morbidity and mortality in esophageal carcinoma. AB - In 1977, 152 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were admitted under our care. The lesions were located from the hypopharynx to the cardiac portion of the stomach. A prospective study was conducted and the results (mortality and morbidity) were analyzed by computer. Resection was possible in 88 patients and a bypass procedure in 15. On exploration in five patients, the disease was found to be so extensive that no further operative procedures were undertaken. The mortality rate was high, hospital deaths being included in the operative mortality statistics. The best results were obtained by applying the Lewis-Tanner one-stage esophagectomy. When the disease was extensive, a bypass procedure using the Kirschner operation and postoperative irradiation was the method of choice. When the general condition of the patient was poor, the best procedure was a staged esophagectomy, with the reconstruction being undertaken at a later date. PMID- 713582 TI - Bronchopleural fistula. Thirteen-year experience with 77 cases. AB - Bronchopleural fistula, although reduced in incidence in recent years, remains a grave complication of pulmonary disease and of pulmonary resection. In a series of 77 patients treated for bronchopleural fistula over a 13 year period, 49 of whom had postresection fistulas, only 44 (57.1 percent) were cured of the fistula and 15 (19.5 percent) died. Prevention assumes great importance. Key factors in prevention are avoidance of pulmonary resection in tuberculous patients with positive sputum; overzealous dissection of the bronchus; a long bronchial stump; tumor in the bronchial stump; contamination of the pleural cavity; and too little tissue left behind to fill the pleural space. Treatment should be surgical. In none of the six patients treated conservatively was the fistula obliterated. Seventy-one patients were treated surgically, and 133 operations were needed to effect fistula obliteration in the 44 patients (62 percent) in whom this was achieved. Adequate surgical drainage has always been the sine qua non of effective treatment, and yet this alone brought about closure of the fistula in only nine patients. Early resuture of the bronchial stump succeeded in only two of five patients. Thoracoplasty combined with drainage effected closure in seven of 11 patients. The highest rate of fistula closure with the lowest mortality occurred among the 20 patients who underwent myoplasty, usually combined with a limited thoracoplasty. In this group, the fistula was obliterated in 16 patients, with one death. PMID- 713583 TI - Long-term clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of the Ionescu-Schiley pericardial xenograft and the Braunwald-Cutter and Bjork-Shiley prostheses in the mitral position. AB - Single mitral valve replacement was undertaken in 220 patients between March, 1971, and October, 1977. Bjork-Shiley prostheses (BS) were inserted in 42 patients, Braunwald-Cutter prostheses (BC) in 52, and Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenografts (PX) in 126. No attempt was made at randomization. The actuarial survival rate was 81.9 +/- 12.8 percent at 7 years for patients with BS prostheses, 41.7 +/- 22.9 percent at 6 years for patients with BC prostheses, and 89.0 +/- 9.3 percent for patients with PX valves 7 years following valve replacement. Of the late deaths in patients with BC prostheses, 62.5 percent were valve related. The incidence of thromboembolism was 4.7, 1.8, and 1.5 episodes per 100 patient-years in the BS, BC, and PX groups, respectively. Long-term anticoagulation was used only in patients with BS and BC prostheses. Late postoperative hemodynamic studies were performed in six patients each with BS and BC prostheses and in 29 patients with PX valves. The mean diastolic gradients at rest were 6.2, 8.3, and 6.4 mm. Hg in the respective groups. The corresponding figures for calculated valve area were 1.8, 1.6, and 2.0 sq. cm. There was no statistically significant difference between the data recorded from the three groups of patients except for the survival rate of the BC prosthesis and the PX valve. The BS prosthesis and the PX valve have similar durability and hemodynamic performance for an almost identical duration of follow-up. Because of the improved quality of life and reduced morbidity without anticoagulants, we are using the PX valve exclusively for heart valve replacement. PMID- 713584 TI - In vitro hydrodynamic comparison of mitral valve prostheses at high flow rates. AB - A pulse duplicator system for evaluating the hemodynamic performance of mitral prostheses is described. Under conditions stimulating normal resting physiology, all valves tested had measurable but acceptably small pressure drops. Under conditions simulating exercise, all were moderately to severely stenotic. Valves with nearly equal mounting diameters were compared. The Hancock, Beall, and Starr Edwards valves (Group A) were found to be significantly more stenotic than the Bjork-Shiley, Cutter-Cooley, Ionescu-Shiley, and Lillehei-Kaster valves (Group B). In the 29 to 30 mm. mounting diameter size at cardiac outputs of 5 and 9 L. per minute, Group A had average pressure drops of 3.2 and 10.5 mm. Hg and Group B, pressure drops of 1.6 and 5.3 mm. Hg, respectively. In the 24 to 26 mm. mounting diameter size, at cardiac outputs of 9 L. per minute, all the valves had critically large pressure drops (9 to 17.6 mm. Hg). The standard Gorlin formula is inappropriate for computing the orifice area of prosthetic valves. The discharge coefficient for a valve (a measure of how well the valve uses its primary flow area) and a performance index (a measure of how well the valve uses its mounting area) have been computed from a knowledge of the orifice size, without the necessity of assuming a value for the discharge coefficient required by the Gorlin formula. The biological valves (Hancock and Ionescu-Shiley) provide an efficient orifice for fluid flow at the free leaflet margins and have large discharge coefficients. On the basis of the fluid dynamic equation of motion, steady flow, root mean square (RMS) flow, and peak flow, combined with the appropriate transvalvular gradients, were all shown to yield equally accurate characterizations of valvular hydrodynamic performance. Mean flow, unfortunately the only value obtainable clinically, yielded effective orifice areas 10 percent smaller than either of the other three flow values. PMID- 713585 TI - Non--cloth-covered caged-ball prostheses. The second decade. AB - The Starr-Edwards Models 6120 mitral and 1200/60 aortic valves are caged-ball prostheses with cloth-covered sewing rings and bare-metal struts. Introduced in 1965, they have been in continuous clinical use longer than any other currently available heart valve prostheses. Late results with this valve are analyzed and compared with recent series employing other current valve prostheses. One hundred thirty-four mitral 6120 prostheses were inserted at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center from 1965 through 1977, with 118 operative survivors followed for a mean of 5.4 years. Twelve-year survival rate (+/- standard error) was 50 (+/-8) percent. Twelve percent of late deaths were valve related. Eighty eight (+/-5) percent of valves were still in place at 12 years. The embolic rate was 5.8 (+/-1.0) percent per patient-year for all emboli and 2.2(+/-0.6) percent per patient-year for serious emboli. Two hundred forty-nine operative survivors among 282 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement during the same period of time were followed for a mean of 4.3 years. Twelve-year survival was 61 (+/-6) percent and the removal-free rate was 92(+/-5) percent. Six percent of late deaths were valve related. Embolic rates were 5.0 (+/-.7) percent and 1.8 (+/ .4) percent per patient-year for all emboli and serius emboli, respectively. Structural failure, specifically ball variance, was not encountered with this prosthesis. Ninety percent of 10 year survivors are in N.Y.H.A. Functional Class I or II. There was one anticoagulant-related death in 1,698 patient-years of follow-up. The current non--cloth-covered caged-ball valves provide unquestionable durability and well-documented results into their second decade of use. They provide a base line for comparison with newer prostheses and offer a valid, current choice for both aortic and mitral valve replacement. PMID- 713587 TI - The surgical anatomy of Kent bundles based on electrophysiological mapping and surgical exploration. AB - The development of the procedure for interruption of a Kent bundle for the correction of the tachyarrhythmias associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome has been hampered by the lack of anatomic descriptions of the pathways. Only 21 descriptions are given in enough detail for guidance to the surgeon. Our experience with our first 100 patients operated upon for serious dysrhythmias associated with Kent bundles has supplemented this information. In our first 40 patients the Kent was divided in 22 of 39, one having elective and four having forced interruption of the His bundle, with success in 28. In the next 60 the Kent was divided in 52 of 59 attempts, one had elective and three had forced His bundle interruption, and the success rate was 56 of 60 patients. This increased success occurred because we learned the following: (1) The anomalous pathways are best approached through the atrium and can be for out in the fat, even subepicardial in the coronary sulcus or adjacent to the anulus. (2) Interruption should be started with an incision made just above the anulus fibrosus. (3) Posterior septal pathways can be adjacent to the His bundle or in the septum from this point posteriorly to the crux. (4) Anterior septal pathways can be divided and the His bundle protected. The details for the approach to the right and left free wall, posterior septal, and anterior septal pathways will be given. The approach to all pathways is now safe enough to allow the surgeon to offer this operation to patients with life-threatening tachyarrhythmias as well as the ones with rhythm disturbances that are either burdensome or impossible to treat medically. PMID- 713586 TI - Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Comparison of heterograft tissue valves and mechanical valves. PMID- 713588 TI - Composite replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta. AB - This report comprises 16 consecutive patients with ascending aortic aneurysms caused by cystic medical necrosis. We replaced the ascending aorta and aortic valve with a tightly woven Dacron graft containing a Lillehei-Kaster valve prosthesis and implanted the coronary ostia in the sides of the graft. All but two patients had massive aortic insufficiency. Postoperative catheterization was performed in 13 patients, and all surviving patients have been seen within the past 6 months. There was one perioperative death (6 percent) and two late deaths. Eleven survivors are in Class I and two are in Class II (N.Y.H.A.). Angiographically demonstrated late complications have included psuedoaneurysms of the coronary ostium (two), paravalvular leak (one), and pseudoaneurysm of the distal suture line (one). Two of these four patients were asymptomatic. Two of the four patients have had successful repair of these defects and a third is awaiting operation. Compositive replacement carries a low operative risk and minimizes problems of intraoperative bleeding. In view of the incidence of late suture line problems, routine angiography 6 to 12 months postoperatively is recommended. If new symptoms occur or if there is a change in the cardiac silhousette on chest roentgenogram, the patient should be recatheterized. PMID- 713589 TI - Lymph node mapping and curability at various levels of metastasis in resected lung cancer. AB - By means of lymph mapping, the prognosis significance of lymph node metastasis in lung cancer was studied in 270 patients who had undergone radical operations- pulmonary resection combined with complete mediastinal lymph node disection, which is used for patients in whom all cancer could thereby be ablated. Mediastinal lymph node metastasis was found in 64 patients, and 12 patients lived 5 years or more (an absolute 5 year survival rate of 18.8 percent). After radical surgery, there was a significant difference between the prognosis for patients who had metastases to the subcrainal lymph nodes as compared to the prognosis for those who did not. The 5 years survival rates were 9.1 percent and 29.0 percent, respectively. On the other hand, prognosis was not significantly affected by involvement or noninvolvement of the superior mediastinal, paratracheal, tracheobronchial, pretracheal, and the subaortic and para-aortic lymph nodes. No significant difference in survival was detected between patients who were given adjuvant therapy and those who were not. Lymph node mapping gives valuable prognostic information. PMID- 713590 TI - Double-outlet right ventricle with restrictive ventricular septal defect. PMID- 713591 TI - Persistent chylothorax. Treatment by talc pleurodesis. AB - Two patients with persistent chylothorax resistant to therapy by special diet, thoracenteses, and tube thoracostomy drainage were successfully treated by talc pleurodesis. In one patient with advanced lymphosarcoma involving pleura and mediastinal nodes, the chylothorax was managed by open thoracotomy and talc powder. The other patient developed chylothorax following resection of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. She was successfully treated by talc suspension introduced through a thoracostomy tube. Pleurodesis with talc should be considered only when the chylothorax persists after an adequate period of medical treatment and pleural decompression. Intrapleural instillation of talc through a thoracostomy tube should be successful if the chylothorax can be evacuated and the underlying lung fully expanded. PMID- 713592 TI - Multiple-gated acquisition cardiac blood-pool isotope imaging. Evaluation of left ventricular function correlated with contrast angiography. AB - Thirty-one patients were assessed by the multiple-gated acquisition cardiac blood pool isotope-imaging technique using radiolabeled albumin within 24 hours of biplane contrast ventriculography. Data from the imaging method were analyzed by a semiautomatic technique with computer-generated edge detection and background subtraction. An excellent correlation was observed between ejection fractions determined with multiple-gated isotope imaging and those obtained by biplane contrast ventriculography (r = 0.93), and the same was true for average ejection rates (r = 0.80). For assessment of wall motion with this imaging technique, the anterior and the left anterior oblique left ventricular views were divided into nine segments, and a score was assigned to each segment based on the degree of wall motion. The cumulative anterior and left anterior oblique scores correlated well with the score from biplane contrast ventriculography (r = 0.90), and in 94% of segments in the left anterior oblique projection the assessment with multiple gated isotope imaging was the same as or varied by only one class from the assessment by biplane contrast ventriculography. The multiple-gated acquisition cardiac blood-pool isotope-imaging technique is thus a valuable noninvasive method for assessing left ventricular function as measured by ejection fraction, ejection rates, and wall motion. PMID- 713593 TI - Polymorphic reticulosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Two diseases or one? AB - Clinical and pathologic data on 40 patients (31 men, 9 women) with polymorphic reticulosis are presented. The disease may involve the upper respiratory tract, notably the nose, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, or palate, as well as the lung, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system. Polymorphic reticulosis is identical pathologically to lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Localized disease, particularly that in the upper airway, responds well to radiation therapy. Corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents appear to be ineffective with multisite involvement. PMID- 713595 TI - Cancer in the neck without obvious source. PMID- 713594 TI - Pituitary adenoma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935--1977. A report of an increasing incidence of diagnosis in women of childbearing age. AB - There has been a recent, rapid increase in the number of pituitary adenomas diagnosed in women of childbearing age in Olmsted County, Minnesota. The incidence rates in men of all ages and in women aged 45 and over have remained stable and are similar to rates reported from elsewhere. Since 1970 the mean annual incidence per 100,000 women aged 15 through 44 years has been 7.1, whereas it was 0.7 in the population of the same age and sex during the period 1935 through 1969. PMID- 713596 TI - Accuracy of antibody-coated-bacteria test in recurrent urinary tract infections. AB - Antibody coating of urinary bacteria was compared with results of ureteral catheterization studies in order to localize the site of recurrent urinary tract infections in 32 patients. The antibody-coated-bacteria test reliably detected infections in patients with upper urinary tract infection (16 of 17 patients), but false-positive results occurred frequently in patients with lower urinary tract infection (5 of 15 patients). The antibody-coated-bacteria test appears to be a useful screening test for localization of infection in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. PMID- 713597 TI - Eugenics. An ethical analysis. PMID- 713598 TI - Great-vessel switch operation without coronary relocation for transposition of great arteries. AB - Since its first successful clinical application in 1963, the Mustard operation has been the procedure of choice for most patients with transposition of the great arteries. Based on the principle of transposition of venous return, it produces a functional but not anatomic correction of the defect. Although the Mustard procedure has favorably changed the natural history of transposition, it is associated with various early and late complications that have led to a search for a more anatomic repair. Recently, transposition has been successfully corrected by switching the great vessels, with or without transplanting the coronary arteries. These are the first case reports of early postoperative hemodynamics in patients undergoing an arterial switch procedure without coronary relocation. The early hemodynamic and clinical results of this operation are excellent and they lend encouragement for its further application in suitable patients. PMID- 713600 TI - On science and ethics. PMID- 713599 TI - Isotope imaging of the heart. PMID- 713601 TI - A syndrome of osteoporosis, increased serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, and inappropriately low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. AB - Although most patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis have normal or low values for serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), we have reported previously that a small subset (about 10% of the total group) have increased values. We studied three patients representative of this latter group. Serum iPTH was two to three times higher than the age-adjusted normal mean, serum ionized calcium and total calcium were in the lower half of the normal range, and serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] was in the low-normal range. Six months of treatment of one patient with 0.5 microgram/day of synthetic 1,25(OH)2D improved calcium absorption and balance; however, serum iPTH remained high. After surgical removal of 1,010 mg of hyperplastic parathyroid tissue, serum iPTH decreased to normal. These and other data suggest that increased serum iPTH in these patients was caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism, possibly because of inadequate conversion of 25-OH-D to 1,25(OH)2D. PMID- 713602 TI - Hematogenous osteomyelitis at uncommon sites in children. AB - The diagnosis of hematogenic osteomyelitis is often delayed in children if it involves uncommon sites such as the pelvis, clavicle, or calcaneus. Although parenterally administered antibiotics may control the disease process in the acute stage, abscess formation requires incision and drainage. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism in this series, and it usually was penicillin resistnat. When the condition is diagnosed early and is properly treated with at least 3 weeks of antibiotic therapy and judicious surgical intervention, recurrences are rare and morbidity is minimal. PMID- 713603 TI - Metabolism of uric acid in normal and toxemic pregnancy. AB - The formation, measurement, and excretion of uric acid are reviewed. Since fluctuations in serum uric acid may be as high as 40% over a 24-hour period, a single value must be evaluated with caution. Alterations in the renal handling of uric acid are responsible for the pronounced decrease in serum uric acid over the first 20 weeks of gestation, its gradual increase in the latter part of pregnancy, and its further increase with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Although there is a fair degree of overlap between a normotensive control and a preeclamptic group, the level of serum uric acid generally correlates with the severity of preeclampsia. Possible intrarenal mechanisms that could produce these changes are discussed. PMID- 713604 TI - Left atrial myxoma simulating peripheral vasculitis. AB - Left atrial myxoma remains a diagnostic challenge clinically. A brief review of previously reported cases and their individualistic clinical and laboratory features are described. The present case report documents an unusual clinical presentation, initially directing attention to the central nervous system as well as to the peripheral arterial system. Histologic evidence of peripheral arterial myxomatous emboli, associated with vasculitis but without other confirmatory immunologic evidence of collagen vascular disease, had predated for 14 months the subsequent echocardiographic diagnosis of left artrial myxoma. These findings further emphasize the importance of recognizing the enigmatic and variable clinical presentation of left atrial myxoma. PMID- 713605 TI - Psychiatry. The continuing siege. PMID- 713606 TI - Non-urinary tract symptoms of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 713607 TI - Group C streptococcal meningitis. PMID- 713608 TI - [Endoscopic findings in the operated stomach]. PMID- 713609 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 713610 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis with special emphasis on the distal form. Case report]. PMID- 713611 TI - [Frequency of rhythm disturbances in hypertensive disease]. PMID- 713612 TI - [Effect of hypolipemic drugs on the level of serum lipids in workers and clerks]. PMID- 713613 TI - [International system of measurement units (SI). Part I. Basis of the international measurement system and its use in medicine]. PMID- 713614 TI - [Significance of the determination of IgE and reaginic IgE antibodies in allergic diseases in childhood]. PMID- 713615 TI - [Possibilities of immunotherapy in malignant tumors in man]. PMID- 713616 TI - [Effect of oxprenolol and propranolol on increased plasma renin activity in rats after physical exertion]. PMID- 713617 TI - [Sequelae of chemical injuries at the ophthalmic clinic in Sarajevo from 1974 to 1976]. PMID- 713618 TI - [Problems and experience with disinfection of respiratory-function-test apparatuses]. PMID- 713619 TI - [Changes in normal fibrinolytic activity of the liver after porto-caval anastomosis in experimental animals. (Conclusion of report)]. PMID- 713620 TI - [Giant cell tumor of the temporal bone]. PMID- 713621 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using d-penicillamine]. PMID- 713622 TI - [Thrombolytic therapy. (Therapeutic fibrinolysis)]. PMID- 713624 TI - 1-methyl and 1-benzyl derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinoline inhibit 5 hydroxytryptamine uptake by human blood platelets. AB - The effect of 1-methyl (salsoline, salsolidine) and 1-benzyl (papaverine) derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake by human blood platelets was studied. The drugs tested inhibited 5-HT (3 X 10( 6)M 5 min incubation) uptake by 30--60 % at 10(-4)M concentration and by 20--25 % at 10(-5)M concentration. PMID- 713623 TI - Comparison of the excitatory and anaesthetic effects of ethanol in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice; relation to blood ethanol concentration. AB - Ethanol increased the exploratory locomotion of BALB/c mice over a wide dose range (1.15--3.1 g/kg orally), whereas only a 2.31 g/kg dose of ethanol increased the locomotion of C57BL/6 mice. After 1.15 g/kg of ethanol the blood concentrations in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were 65 +/- 11 and 68 +/- 13 mg %, respectively, and after 2.3 g/kg--the corresponding concentrations were 156 +/- 26 and 142 +/- 14 mg % (mean +/- SEM). Doses of 3.8 and 4.6 g/kg inhibited the exploratory locomotion of mice of both strains to an equal extent. The induction time and the duration of ethanol-induced anaesthesia, as well as the blood ethanol concentrations (428 +/- 40 and 446 +/- 40 mg %, respectively, at the onset of anaesthesia) were similar in mice of both strains after a 5.4 g/kg dose. However, motor excitement before anaesthesia was observed only in the BALB/c mice. It is suggested that the observed strain differences in response to ethanol are due to low responsivity of C57BL/6 mice to the excitatory action of ethanol and are not caused by differences in the rate of its metabolism. Apparently, the excitatory and anaesthetic effects of ethanol are under separate genetic control mechanisms. PMID- 713625 TI - Impact of patient perceptions on compliance with treatment for hypertension. AB - Patient noncompliance with medical regimens is a major obstacle in achieving hypertension control. In this study the relationships between patients' perceptions of health, disease and medical treatment and compliance were examined in personal interviews with 142 patients under treatment for hypertension. Compliance was measured in terms of blood pressure control, self-reported medication-taking, and appointment keeping. A multivariate log linear technique was used to control confounding. Blood pressure control was found to be associated with the perceived effficacy of the antihypertensive regimen, having medications prescribed for other chronic conditions, a high level of anxiety when hypertension was first diagnosed, the impact of hypertension and its treatment on lifestyle, and a higher educational level. For self-reported medication-taking, the perceived severity of hypertension, having medications prescribed for other chronic conditions and older age were predictive. Blood pressure control and self reported medication-taking were highly correlated with each other(p = .02). Older age and being employed were the only variables that contributed independently to improved appointment keeping behavior. From these findings, it might be expected that emphasis on the effectiveness of treatment and on the potential threat posed by hypertension would motivate improved blood pressure control. PMID- 713626 TI - Appendicitis: decreasing normal removals without increasing perforations. AB - There is wide interhospital variation in the removal rates of histologically normal appendices, and variation also in appendectomy rates among countries and among hospital catchment areas. Decision theory suggests that better patient workup and careful observation of doubtful cases result in improved discrimination between appendicitis patients and those with nonspecific abdominal pain. By improving the data base and weighing evidence with care, a surgeon can reduce his false-positives without risk of increasing his perforation rate. In some cases it may even be possible to reduce the false-positives while simultaneously reducing perforations. In a survey of New England hospitals there was no inevitable inverse relationship between normal removal rates and perforation rates. Two examples of improvement in performance are cited from the literature. PMID- 713627 TI - Temporal patterns in the use of health services leading to cholecystectomy: a process evaluation using insurance records. AB - Data from Saskatchewan's public medical and hospital insurance programs are used to estimate a multivariate model of health services utilization among cholecystectomy patients. A methodology is developed which partitions the care process into an assessment period, a waiting period, and a hospitalization period. The general hypothesis is that presurgical and surgical decisions of physicians are influenced by extra-medical factors, including the social condition of the patient and the availability of health resources. This hypothesis is only weakly supported by the data. PMID- 713628 TI - A new planning methodology to assess the impact of the health care system on health status. AB - This article summarizes a new methodology recently developed by the Rand Corporation which permits health planners to assess the impact of the local health care system on the health status of the population. The methodology, in algorithm form, should assist health planners in developing objectives and actions related to the occurrence of selected health status indicators and should be amenable to health care interventions. Emphasis has been placed on developing a simplified, approximate analysis that health planners will find both feasible and effective. No detailed mathematic analyses are called for. The data required are, in most instances, readily obtainable. The algorithm is a methodology by which HSAs can investigate determinants of health status, identify breakdowns in the health care system, and specify needed improvements in the system. The goal of these algorithms is to assist HSAs to obtain valid and sufficiently detailed data that will provide a basis for monitoring breakdowns in the health care system and to improve planning decisions aimed at preventing such breakdowns. This should, in turn, affect population health status in the planning area. PMID- 713629 TI - A survey of obstetrician-gynecologists' abortion attitudes and performances. AB - Attitudes toward general and repeat abortion are examined in a probability sample of board certified obstetrician-gynecologists in three Mid-Atlantic states. A mail-back questionnaire yielded seventy per cent response rate. A typology of abortion attitudes was developed by combining scores on two Guttman scales, one general acceptance and one repeat abortion acceptance scale. This resulted in six types varying from conservative to liberal. Personal and work setting characteristics were examined as correlates of abortion attitude. Personal characteristics are correlated; work setting characteristics are not. Obstetrician-gynecologists; abortion attitudes and performances are related. PMID- 713630 TI - Patient attitudes about two forms of printed oral contraceptive information. AB - The desired form and style of written drug information for patients were assessed in a national survey of oral contraceptive (OC) users. These women were queried about two forms of OC information: a short insert included with dispensed drugs and a longer brochure delivered by the physician upon patient request. Longer and more detailed information, especially concerning drug dangers and directions for use, was strongly preferred. Younger and more educated women were more likely to report receiving the OC brochure and to desire more comprehensive information. Most respondents found information in both the insert and the brochure clear and useful, and felt it was important to include written information with other prescription drugs. The longer brochure was preferred over the shorter insert as a model of drug information to be included with additional drugs. PMID- 713631 TI - The prospects for health services in the United States. AB - The enormous variety of diagnoses and prescriptions for dealing with the health care crisis in the United States can be simplified and clarified by reference to four logically distinct models of methods for organizing the production of health services. The assumptions of the free market model, the bureaucratic planning model, the professional model and the cooperative equalitarian model are described, as are the characteristic pathologies connected with the form those models take in reality. The intrinsically expansionist character of the manufacturing, service and consumer segments of the U.S. health system is described and the suggestion made that legislative attempts to contain costs will lead to increased bureaucratization primarily at the expense of the consumer. PMID- 713632 TI - Second opinion elective surgery programs: outcome status over time. AB - Given the increasing rate of surgery and the escalating costs of hospitalization, it seems appropriate to review the necessity of recommended elective surgery before the surgery is performed. The second opinion elective surgery program is designed to screen patients before they undergo surgery. Findings are based on all not confirmed for surgery cases and an equal number of confirmed for surgery cases who were evaluated one year after their second opinion consultation. Roughly 77.9% of those not confirmed had not had the surgery and, of this, 64.4% reported no medical treatment (potential surplus surgery). Of the 710 not confirmed cases, one third (34.9%) never reported receiving medical treatment. The majority of those individuals confirmed for surgery did have the operation; however, 25.4% had not had surgery one year from their consultation. Thirty-two per cent of the confirmed cases reported never receiving medical treatment. There were 77 individuals (11.1%) who were confirmed for surgery who neither reported having surgery nor any medical treatment (population at risk). Subsequent follow up studies will present a clearer assessment of the ability of the program to screen potential surplus surgery and to realize cost savings. PMID- 713633 TI - [Bacterial and viral antibodies in human immunoglobulin preparations. I. Bacterial antibodies]. PMID- 713634 TI - [Bacterial and viral antibodies in human immunoglobulin preparations. II. Viral antibodies]. PMID- 713636 TI - [Antigenic and biological changes in influenza virus under the influence of sonication]. PMID- 713635 TI - [Serological patterns of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in man. V. Serodiagnostic results in selected human groups]. PMID- 713637 TI - [Care programs for hip fractures among the elderly]. PMID- 713638 TI - [Advantages and risks of different contraceptives]. PMID- 713639 TI - [Treatment of hip fractures]. PMID- 713640 TI - [Recommended surgical technics in Ender nailing]. PMID- 713641 TI - [Osteosynthesis with the Rydell nail--a risk factor?]. PMID- 713642 TI - [2 years of experience with crisis therapy]. PMID- 713643 TI - [Directed health survey of workers exposed to asbestos]. PMID- 713644 TI - [Screening for congenital hypothyroidism: why not a rational use of laboratory resources?]. PMID- 713645 TI - [Medical resolution of gall stones---the current situation]. PMID- 713646 TI - [Effect of antihypertensive therapy. Principles of introduction of therapy and therapy choice]. PMID- 713647 TI - [How can the percentage of known and properly treated hypertensives be increased?]. PMID- 713648 TI - [Patient compliance in hypertension therapy]. PMID- 713649 TI - [Model for care of patients with hypertension]. PMID- 713650 TI - [The nurse's duties in the care of hypertension]. PMID- 713651 TI - [The district medical officer's views on the organization of hypertension care]. PMID- 713652 TI - [Hypertension in occupational health care]. PMID- 713653 TI - [Revolutionary new thinking at the WHO meeting in the Soviet Union: primary care in all countries]. PMID- 713654 TI - [Cancer of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 713655 TI - [Care of dementia in the future]. PMID- 713656 TI - [Design and evaluation of the clinical work test]. PMID- 713657 TI - [SIR-system]. PMID- 713658 TI - [Vaccination against influenza]. PMID- 713659 TI - [Screening for congenital hypothyroidism: realistic proposal for an organization]. PMID- 713660 TI - [Rabies---a review]. PMID- 713661 TI - [Resistance determination of bacteria: new classification in sensitive groups--S, I and R]. PMID- 713662 TI - [An important medical question: analgesics at the scene of the accident and during transport]. PMID- 713663 TI - [Pathophysiology of left ventricular failure]. PMID- 713664 TI - [Vasodilator drugs in the treatment of left ventricular failure]. PMID- 713665 TI - [Conventional treatment of left ventricular failure in relation to modern pharmacologic possibilities]. PMID- 713666 TI - [Mechanic circulatory assistance in the treatment of left ventricular failure]. PMID- 713667 TI - A comparison of fenestration of the horizontal canal and stapedectomy in the opposite ear. AB - The Lempert one stage horizontal semicircular canal fenestration was the surgical procedure of choice for otosclerosis from 1939 to 1954. Subsequently, mobilization and stapedectomy replaced fenestration. In the offices of Drs. Day, Jordan, and Caparosa, the horizontal semicircular canal fenestration was performed from 1940 to 1955; the mobilization, two years; and, thereafter, the stapedectomy. A significant number of patients have had fenestration on one side and stapedectomy on the opposite ear. Fifty patients seen consecutively were reviewed. Reliable office audiological testing has been available only in the more recent years; and, therefore, audiological statistical comparison has limited reliability. It is felt, however, that a review of these patients and the study of their surviving hearing results is a worthwhile inferential comparison. PMID- 713669 TI - Surgical approach to tumors of the nasal cavity. AB - In the past there has been a general reluctance among rhinologists to remove the entire lateral nasal wall for fear of causing drastic disturbances of nasal physiology. It has been our observation that the physiological disturbances are fairly minimal if the patient, following surgery, uses nasal saline irrigations daily. Sometimes a nasal siphon or water pik is required to prevent crusting. It has also been noted that when the septum is removed, a chronic antritis on the contralateral side will usually occur. It has been our practice to do an antrostomy on the uninvolved side when the septum has been removed for any reason. Ophthalmologists have shown some reticence to having the entire bony support of the medial wall of the orbit and half the floor removed. This does necessitate transecting the lacrimal duct at its neck. We have, however, seen no trouble with epiphora following this provided the sac was allowed to drain in to the open nasal cavity. The trochlea is by necessity deprived of its support; however, the periostium seems to provide adequate support here and we have noticed no troublesome permanent problems with function of this muscle. The periorbita, which has been robbed of its osseous support, quickly epithelializes with nasal mucosa and becomes a part of the nasal cavity. Requirements for intranasal douching with saline have varied; however, we have had no problems with bothersome crusting following b.i.d. nasal irrigations. In cases where a small portion of the inferior turbinate could be preserved, there was always extreme hypertrophy of this remnant which usually brings the nasal physiology back to a nearly normal state which seldom requires any special care whatever. This paper presents primarily a method of approaching tumors of the sinonasal area, especially when there is difficulty in determining whether the lesion arises from the septum or lateral wall of the nose. PMID- 713668 TI - Civilian air travel and the otolaryngologist. AB - Thousands of individuals fly commercial airlines and private aircraft daily. One airline boasts of serving more than 100,000 passengers each day. Of these individuals exposed to barometric alterations, an undocumented number will develop significant barotrauma and may seek help from an otolaryngologist. Although many otolaryngologists learn the mechanics and management of barotrauma as military flight surgeons, residents in otolaryngology usually receive no specific training in this area. Because private and commercial aviation are so common today, we believe that a basic knowledge of barometric changes experienced while flying is essential for the practicing otolaryngologist. These basic principles are covered in this presentation. Case histories will also be discussed. One patient, who presented with signs of perilymph fistula, including sensorineural deafness and abnormal ENG, recovered spontaneously. PMID- 713670 TI - Anatomical consequences of CO2 laser surgery of the guinea pig ear. AB - A modified American Optical (Model 100) CO2 laser was used to produce lesions in the tympanic membranes, ossicles, and cochlear capsules of guinea pigs. Even with the lowest available intensities and durations (0.4 watts, 50 msec), there was damage to the inner ear. Although laser surgery of the ear can avoid mechanical trauma and bleeding as well as increase accuracy, the use of commercial lasers in ear surgery should be avoided until a proven unit is available. PMID- 713671 TI - Drug therapy in otomycosis: an in vitro study. AB - Otomycosis represents a small percentage of clinical external otitis. This well documented entity is often a stubborn clinical problem and, in contrast to bacterial external otitis, there is no otic preparation with specific antifungal activity. In response to this lack of otic preparations, we have surveyed in vitro a variety of available preparations to determine the general spectrum of activity against appropriate bacterial and fungal species. An agar-disc diffusion system was used testing the drugs against (1.) bacteria common in external otitis, and (2.) a variety of yeast and filamentous fungi. Aqueous Merthiolate and Cresylate demonstrated good non-specific antimicrobial activity, while nystatin and clotrimazole demonstrated specific antifungal activity. Otic preparations can now be used which have demonstrated in vitro effectiveness and give an alternate means of therapy to the now empirically selected otic preparation used for otomycosis. PMID- 713672 TI - Otospongiosis (otosclerosis): polytomographic and histologic correlation. AB - The Temporal Bone Laboratory of Northwestern University Medical School has three sets of temporal bones from patients who had antemortem polytomographic examinations resulting in a diagnosis of otospongiotic involvement of the cochlea. One of these cases was thought to have been an example of pure cochlear otospongiosis. The other two cases were patients with clinical (stapedial) otospongiosis, and their polytomograms were interpreted as unilateral otospongiosis with involvement of the basal turn of the cochlea. In the first set of temporal bones, no otospongiosis was present. In the other two sets, the otospongiotic lesion did not involve the cochlea, and a contralateral otospongiotic lesion was present that had not been seen on the polytomograms. Caution must be exercised in the interpretation of subtle polytomographic changes noted in the cochlear capsule and restraint used in the X-ray diagnosis of pure cochlear otospongiosis until there is evidence of correlation with pathological material. PMID- 713673 TI - Respiratory rate and ATP content of stria vascularis of guinea pig in vitro. AB - Stria vascularis from guinea pig cochleae was incubated in vitro to determine its metabolic response to variations in substrate and ion composition of the incubation medium. The respiratory rate at 37 degrees C in a medium containing glucose and pyruvate as substrate was 17.3 +/- 1.33 (SEM, n = 51) microliter O2/mg dry weight-hour. The stria could not maintain constant respiration by relying solely upon endogenous fuel stores. With substrate supplied, the ATP level could be maintained at about 73% of that existing in vivo. Glucose appears to be an adequate substrate for stria in vitro since glutamate, pyruvate, and fumarate did not increase the respiratory rate. Succinate increased respiration markedly but did not increase the ATP level. Ouabain (10(-4) M) caused a 48% decrease in the respiratory rate. Incubation in Na+-free and K"-free medium, each resulted in irreversible decrease of respiratory rate comparable to (or greater than) that caused by ouabain. These data are in accord with the high activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in the stria and the pronounced sensitivity of the endolymphatic potential to ouabain. PMID- 713674 TI - Procedures for preparation of otological and audiological data for computer analysis. AB - Extensive amounts of clinical data exist in the files of facilities providing otological and audiological services. Because of the considerable time involved in manual analysis, some departments are beginning to consider the use of computers for analyzing the data. It is often assumed that this data can simply be submitted to a computer center for analysis. This, however, is not the case. A careful series of planned procedures must be undertaken before information can be submitted and analyzed. This paper illustrates the procedural steps necessary to permit the utilization of a computer system for analysis of clinical data. The feasibility of the use of these procedures in the examination of otological and audiological data is considered. PMID- 713675 TI - Recurrence as a mode of determining efficacy in treatment of carcinoma of the larynx. AB - A study population of 374 patients with cancer of the larynx was evaluated, treated, and followed at yearly intervals up to a maximum of 18 years post diagnosis. Of these, 348 received definitive therapy to attempt to eradicate their disease and were followed for recurrence and presence of cancer at death. In Stages I, II, and III recurrence of disease appears to be a very good indicator of therapeutic efficacy. Stage I carcinomas of the larynx should be treated with radiation as the proportions of patients with recurrences were the same for both primary surgical or radiation therapy. In Stages II and III, primary surgical therapy significantly lowered the proportion recurring when compared with primary radiation therapy. In Stage IV carcinomas of the larynx, both survival and recurrence accurately reflect therapeutic efficacy since most patients suffer recurrence of their carcinoma and die of the disease. PMID- 713676 TI - The relationship between adience-abience scale scores and judged communication proficiency of alaryngeal speakers. AB - Fifteen esophageal speakers and 15 artificial larynx speakers were administered the Hutt Adaptation of the Bender-Gestalt Test (HABGT): Adience-Abience Scale. Adience was defined as the individual's tendency to be motivated to adapt to new experiences that effect his physical functioning. Conversely, abience was defined as the individual's tendency to avoid or be inhibited from adapting to new experiences that effect his physical functioning. Audio-tape recordings were made of each speaker and used to determine verbal communication proficiency by six speech pathologists. Results indicated that the HABGT: Adience-Abience Scale was able to differentiate between the two groups of alaryngeal speakers, as well as relate to their verbal communication proficiency. PMID- 713677 TI - Altered bacterial flora and clinical course with intraoral cancer. AB - Nineteen consecutive patients with intraoral cancer were cultured and tested for cell-mediated immunity. They were then treated and followed for three years. The recurrence rate for those patients with normal flora was similar to that reported for dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) reactors; and the recurrence rate for those patients with abnormal microorganisms was similar to that reported for DNCB non reactors. PMID- 713678 TI - Laxatives: an update on mechanism of action. PMID- 713679 TI - Preliminary chacterization of a small intestinal binding component for retinol and fatty acids in the rat. PMID- 713680 TI - 5-Methoxytryptophol in rat serum and pineal: detection, quantitation, and evidence for daily rhythmicity. PMID- 713681 TI - The efficacy of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol and D-penicillamine on methyl mercury induced neurological signs and weight loss. PMID- 713682 TI - Influence of arginine vasotocin on the estrogen-induced surge of LH and FSH in adult ovariectomized rats. PMID- 713684 TI - A sensitive method for the determination of plasma catecholamines using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 713683 TI - An inhibitor of dopamine uptake, LR5182, cis-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-n,n dimethylaminomethyl-bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane, hydrochloride. PMID- 713685 TI - beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity in plasma, pituitaries and hypothalamus of rats following treatment with opiates. PMID- 713686 TI - Deuterium isotope effect in bioactivation and hepatotoxicity of chloroform. PMID- 713687 TI - Ntau-Methylhistidine--an index of the true rate of myofibrillar degradation? An appraisal. PMID- 713688 TI - Partial maintenance of testes and accessory organs in blinded hamsters by homoplastic anterior pituitary grafts or exogenous prolactin. PMID- 713689 TI - Slow-waves in rat small intestine. PMID- 713690 TI - Endogenous opioid ligands may mediate stress-induced changes in the affective properties of pain related behavior in rats. PMID- 713691 TI - Increased renal vascular reactivity to norepinephrine in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). PMID- 713692 TI - Determination of reduced glutathione in guinea pig and rat tissue by HPLC with electrochemical detection. PMID- 713694 TI - Phenylethanolamine is a specific substrate for type B monoamine oxidase. PMID- 713693 TI - Psychoactivity of normacromerine in animals. PMID- 713695 TI - Species differences in the metabolism of benzoic acid by isolated hepatocytes and kidney tubule fragments. PMID- 713696 TI - Developmental pattern of cysteine sulphinic acid transaminase activity in some areas of mice nervous system. PMID- 713697 TI - beta-Endorphin: effects on respiratory regulation. PMID- 713698 TI - Rotation produced by administration of dopamine and related substances directly into the supersensitive caudate nucleus. PMID- 713699 TI - Sustained isometric contraction of skeletal muscle depleted of phosphocreatine. PMID- 713700 TI - The effect of agaric acid on citrate transport in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 713701 TI - The alteration of serotonin binding sites in aged human brain. PMID- 713702 TI - Effect of vitamin A deficiency on RNA synthesis in isolated rat liver nuclei. PMID- 713703 TI - Identification of inosine and hypoxanthine as endogenous inhibitors of [3H] diazepam binding in the central nervous system. PMID- 713704 TI - Release of endogenous dopamine from corpus striatum. PMID- 713705 TI - Dopamine and norepinephrine stimulate somatostatin release by median eminence fragments in vitro. PMID- 713706 TI - Serotonergic and dopaminergic involvement in the mechanism of action of R-(-)-2,5 dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) in cats. PMID- 713707 TI - Antitumor Plants. V. Constituents of Cinchona pubescens. AB - The stem bark and stem wood of Cinchona pubescens were found to owe their weak cytotoxic activity to the presence of quinovic acid. This acid and its 3 rhamnoside were isolated and characterized through several derivatives, all of which were assayed for their cytotoxicity. PMID- 713708 TI - Screening of higher plants for biological activities. II. Antiviral activity. AB - Extracts prepared from 100 samples of higher plants were evaluated for antiviral activity against several viruses, including Semliki forest, coxsackie, measles, poliomyelitis, herpes, and adeno viruses. The plants were chosen from 73 genera and 43 families on the basis of literature data and medicinal reports on antimicrobial activity. The results of the antiviral testing showed that eight of these extracts exhibited a pronounced activity against one or more of the test viruses. Another three plant extracts showed a moderate level of antiviral activity against some of the test viruses. PMID- 713709 TI - The anticancer activity of Semecarpus anacardium. I. 9KB active pentadecylcatechols. PMID- 713710 TI - Plant anticancer agents. VIII. Constituents of Inga punctata. PMID- 713712 TI - Arachidonic acid intestinal absorption: mechanism of transport and influence of luminal factors of absorption in vitro. AB - The mechanism and characteristics of intestinal absorption of arachidonic acid were studied in vitro using everted intestinal sacs of the rat. Arachidonic acid absorption was studied at concentrations of 5 micron to 8.36 mM. The plot of absorption rate vs. concentration fitted best to a rectangular hyperbola at low micron concentrations and to a straight linear relationship in the mM range of concentrations. Metabolic inhibitors and uncouplers did not change absorption in either range of concentrations. The absorption of arachidonic acid increased with thinning of the unstirred water-layer, decrease in the pH, or the substitution of sodium taurocholate by Pluronic F 68 OR Tween 80. Absorption decreased following the equimolar additions of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Absorption rate did not change when the taurocholate concentration was varied from 5-15 mM or following the additions of butyric or glutamic acids, leucine, lysine, or dextrose. It was concluded that arachidonic acid is absorbed by a concentration dependent dual mechanism of transport which is not energy dependent. At the low micron range of concentrations, facilitated diffusion is predominant, while at mM concentrations, simple diffusion is the dominant mechanism of absorption. Changes in the intestinal fluid composition, flow rate, and pH can modify the rate of absorption of arachidonic acid. PMID- 713711 TI - Polyenoic acid metabolism in cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - The incorporation of [1-14C]linoleic acid, and [1-14C]linolenic acid into cellular lipids of cultured human skin fibroblasts was studied. Cultured cells took up both labeled fatty acids at nearly the same rate and incorporated them into a variety of lipid classes. At the end of 1 hr incubation with [1 14C]linoleic acid, radioactivity was found in the triacylglycerol (TG) and choline phosphoglyceride (CPG) pools preferentially. Incorporation into the TG fraction decreased rapidly, while the uptake into CPG, serine phosphoglyceride (SPG), and ethanolamine phosphoglyceride (EPG) fractions increased progressively with longer incubation times. Similar results were obtained with [1-14C]linolenic acid as precursor. At the end of 24 hr, desaturation and chain elongation of 18:3 n-3 was more extensive than conversion of 18:2 n-6 to higher polyenoic acids. During pulse-chase experiments with either fatty acid precursor, the incorporated radioactivity was progressively lost from cellular lipids, particularly from the TG and CPG fractions, but continued to increase in the SPG and EPG pools. The similar labeling pattern of cellular phospholipids with linoleic or linolenic acids, and data from pulse-chase studies suggest that a direct transfer of fatty acids from CPG to EPG is a likely pathway in fibroblast cultures. Incorporation into the EPG pool during the pulse-chase experiments paralleled extensive desaturation and elongation of linoleic acid to 20:4 n-6, and 22:4 n-6; and of linolenic acid into 22.5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3. PMID- 713713 TI - Fatty acid and sterol specificity of cholesterol esterifying enzyme in developing rat brain. PMID- 713714 TI - The behavior of rat bile phospholipids in the intestine and in incubation media containing pancreatic juice. AB - Samples of radioactive bile were collected from rats after intravenous injection of potassium soaps ([9-10 3H2] or [1 14C] oleate, [1 14C] linoleate or [9-10 3H2] palmitate). These radioactive acids were chosen because it is well established that, in natural phosphatidyl cholines, palmitic acid is located chiefly at the 1 position and linoleic and oleic acids at the 2 position. After incubation of bile with pancreatic juice, the labeling of unchanged biliary phospholipids was higher when native bile was labeled with oleic acid than with palmitic or linoleic acids. These data suggest that monounsaturated molecular species of biliary phospholipids are more resistant than the diunsaturated ones to in vitro hydrolysis by phospholipase A2. Ninety min after introduction of the radioactive bile into the upper part of the rat duodenum, high labeling of luminal phospholipids was observed regardless of the bile sample used, although labeling of free fatty acids was always low. The passage of intact biliary phospholipids through the intestinal epithelium is discussed. PMID- 713715 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of exogenous lipids on the enzymatic hydrolysis of rat bile phospholipids. AB - The addition of total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, triglycerides, cholesterol or glycerol to incubation media containing rat pancreatic juice and bile labeled with [9, 10 3H2] oleic acid (90% of the radioactivity present as phospholipids) had no effect on the hydrolysis of bile endogenous phospholipids. The introduction of 2 or 10 mg of phosphatidylcholines and 0.5 ml of bile (approximately 1.5 mg of phospholipids) into the rat upper duodenum decreased the rate absorption of native bile phospholipids. It was not followed by an increase of free fatty acids released from biliary phospholipids in the intestinal lumen. The introduction of bile (0.5 ml) and small amounts of triolein (1.4--3.5 mg) into the duodenum had little effect on the rate of hydrolysis and absorption of native bile phospholipids, but caused a reduced absorption of the free fatty acids released or those coming from initial nonphosphorus biliary lipids. The introduction of bile (0.5 ml) and large amounts of triolein (30 mg) into the duodenum increased the rates of hydrolysis and absorption of endogenous bile phospholipids. These observations suggest that luminal lipid components can modify the organization of luminal micelles and, consequently, the action of the pancreatic phospholipase A2 and the absorption of bile lipids. PMID- 713716 TI - The incorporation of orally administered radiolabeled dihomo gamma-linolenic acid (20 : 3 omega 6) into rat tissue lipids and its conversion of arachidonic acid. AB - Radioactivity from orally administered radiolabeled dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20 : 3 omega 6) was recovered from the liver, plasma and brain lipid fractions. After administration the fatty acid was metabolized to arachidonic acid, the 22 carbon chain length fatty acid, and was also beta-oxidized. However, 22 hr after administration of [1-14C] 20 : 3 between one-third and one-half of the recovered radioactivity was still associated with dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in the liver and plasma lipid fractions. Orally administered dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid is incorporated into lipid fractions and is, therefore, available in the metabolic pool for PGE1 synthesis. PMID- 713717 TI - Effects of feeding ethyl-dihomo-gamma-linolenate on rabbit renomedullary lipid composition and prostaglandin production in vitro. AB - Feeding the ethyl ester of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid for 25 days to rabbits resulted in increased PGE1 (20 to 30-fold) and PGE2 (1.5-fold) output by a hormone responsive, in vitro, renal papilla preparation. The relative amount of PGE1 increased from less than 5% of PGE2 in controls to 25-35% of PGE2 in the papillae of 20 : 3 omega 6-supplemented animals. During the study renomedullary tri glycerides in the 20 : 3 omega 6-supplemented animals increased 2.8-fold compared to animals fed an equal amount of a control fatty acid mixture, and in addition to a marked enrichment in 20 : 3 omega 6, also contained increased proportions of 20 : 4 omega 6 and longer chain polyenes. The increase in triglyceride content found in the renal medulla was not seen in the renal cortex or liver. There was no increase in renomedullary phospholipid content during the study, and phopholipids of treated animals contained increased proportions of 20 : 3 omega 6 and 20 : 4 omega 6, but not longer chain polyenes. The results indicate that enriching the prostaglandin precursor pool by feeding 20 : 3 omega 6 can alter the type and amount of prostaglandin released by the renal papilla, at least in vitro. Also, the selective changes in amount and long chain polyene content of renomedullary triglycerides during the study suggest some special functions for this lipid class in prostaglandin precursor metabolism. PMID- 713718 TI - Uptake and utilization of 1-14C palmitic acid by heart cells treated with fresh or thermally oxidized fats. AB - The effects of fractions isolated from thermally oxidized corn oil or olive oil on the metabolic activity of heart endothelial and muscle cells were studied. Rat heart cells in culture, exposed to thermally oxidized fat components, took up more exogenous 1-14C-palmitic acid and incorporated more of it into the cell triacylglycerol fraction than when the cells were treated with fresh fats. Particularly with the heated corn oil compared to fresh corn oil, much less of the radioactivity from the labeled palmitic acid was deposited in the phospholipid fraction. Also, with heated corn oil when the incubation period was extended beyond 12 hr, there was a decline in the radioactivity retained in the triacylglycerol fraction of the heart muscle cells. When the fresh fats were compared for 14C-radioactivity incorporation into the heart cells, the olive oil gave much higher values, indicating a distinct difference in response to the proportion of fatty acids supplied. PMID- 713719 TI - Effect of feeding protected cholesterol on ruminant milk fat secretion. AB - Feeding 1-2 g/day of cholesterol protected against ruminal hydrogenation caused a 20-30% drop in the secretion of milk fat by goats and cows. The effect was observed with goats fed conventional rations or with goats and cows fed rations supplemented with protected lipids, but was not observed with cows fed conventional rations, or when unprotected cholesterol and protected beta sitosterol was fed to these animals. The results suggest that this depression in milk fat is due to a decreased uptake of plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids by the mammary gland, induced by dietary cholesterol. PMID- 713721 TI - 15-Methyl-1,2-hexadecanediol, a major constituent of hamster surface wax. AB - Long chain 1,2-alkanediol diesters comprise about 15-20% of the acetone soluble skin surface wax of golden Syrian hamsters. The constituent 1,2-alkanediols, obtained through acidic methanolysis, were fractionated by preparative gas liquid chromatography of their isopropylidene derivatives. The major component (57%) was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry as 15-methyl-1,2 hexadecanediol. PMID- 713720 TI - Fatty acid composition of unfertilized and fertilized eggs of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata. AB - Fatty acid compositions of polar lipids and triacylglycerols isolated from eggs of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, were examined before and 15 min after insemination. The main fatty acids present in polar lipids and triacylglycerols were palmitate, palmitoleate, eicosaenoate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate, while palmitate and palmitoleate predominated in triacylglycerols. There were no significant changes in weight percentage of individual fatty acids of either polar lipids or triglycerides of eggs after insemination. PMID- 713722 TI - Alpha tocopherol levels in various regions of the central nervous systems of the rat and guinea pig. AB - The alpha tocopherol contents of various discrete anatomical regions in the central nervous system of adult rats and guinea pigs were assayed using a liquid chromatographic method. All parts of the guinea pig nervous system had lower alpha tocopherol contents per gram wet, dry orlipid weights than the corresponding areas in the rat. In both animals the distribution of alpha tocopherol did not correspond to the distribution pattern of total lipid. There was also a rostral to caudal concentration gradient with respect to alpha tocopherol content; gray matter from cerebral hemisphere has the highest concentration and cervical spinal cord the least. In both animals alpha tocopherol content per gram dry weight or lipid weight were higher in gray matter areas when compared with white matter areas. The low concentration of alpha tocopherol in spinal cord could make this region more susceptible to damage from deficiency than the rest of the central nervous system. PMID- 713724 TI - Hypercholesterolemia in rats fed cholesterol in agar gel diets. PMID- 713723 TI - Cholesterol and phospholipid composition of erythroblasts isolated from mouse spleen after Rauscher leukemia virus infection. PMID- 713725 TI - Models for lipid organization in cholesterol-phospholipid bilayers including cholesterol dimer formation. AB - Three new structural models, which account for abrupt changes in physical properties observed at several molar concentrations of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayers, are described. Cholesterol monomers, each surrounded by its own envelope of unshared acyl hydrocarbon chains of the phospholipid, can accommodate 22% cholesterol. Cholesterol dimers, each surrounded by its envelope of unshared acyl hydrocarbon chains, can accommodate 31% cholesterol. When surrounded by shared acyl hydrocarbon chains, cholesterol dimmers can accommodate about 47% cholesterol. At greater concentrations, cholesterol aggregation occurs, the system is unstable, and cholesterol forms a separate phase. PMID- 713727 TI - Sterol metabolism studies in rats: effects of taurodeoxycholic acid feeding on sterol metabolism. PMID- 713726 TI - Acid triacylglycerol lipase from bovine thyroid gland. AB - An acid lipase has been detected in bovine thyroid tissue using triolein as a substrate. The activity, probably associated with the lysosomes, displays a rather broad pH-optimum in the pH 4 to pH 6.5 range. The lipase activity can be partially purified by cosedimentation with lysosomes followed by solubilization through detergent and chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and carboxymethyl cellulose. The elution profile on Sephadex G-200 shows one peak (moleculare weight 67,000 +/- 2,000). In the final CM-cellulose step, two lipase peaks (lipase LA and lipase LB) are found. Sulhydryl reagents (iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, and N-ethylmaleimide) as well as mercuric ions markedly reduce both enzyme activities. Calcium ions, EDTA, and heparin have no effect. Sodium fluoride and diisopropylfluorophosphate are only slightly inhibitory. Sodium chloride causes a slight increase in both lipase activities. Anionic phospholipids such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine are not essential for enzyme activity. PMID- 713728 TI - Analysis of alpha tocopherol in blood plasma and platelets by gas liquid chromatography. PMID- 713730 TI - [Late observations of patients who have had acute radiation sickness as a result of external gamma irradiation]. PMID- 713729 TI - The influence of purines on plasma lecithin: cholesterole acyltransferase activity in the rat. PMID- 713731 TI - [Radiopneumographic studies in nonspecific lung diseases in children]. PMID- 713732 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative radiation therapy of esophageal cancer according to the tumor lesion index]. PMID- 713733 TI - [Vitamin B12-58Co absorption in stomach cancer patients at different times after gastrectomy]. PMID- 713734 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the dynamics of scintigraphic information in the diagnosis of brain tumor relapses]. PMID- 713735 TI - [Approximation of tissue-air correlations for point sources of radiation with 60Co and 137Cs isotopes in a homogeneous tissue-equivalent medium]. PMID- 713736 TI - [Radiation therapy of complicated diabetic osteoarthropathy]. PMID- 713738 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in anaerobic infections. PMID- 713737 TI - [Index of inventions in medical radiology for the 1st half of 1978]. PMID- 713739 TI - The natural history of valvular disease--implications regarding medical and surgical management. PMID- 713740 TI - To stop post-angiography bleeding. PMID- 713741 TI - When the patient is in a coma. PMID- 713742 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhage: new clues to an old entity. PMID- 713743 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 713745 TI - The Vermont outbreak X-ray signs of Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 713744 TI - Grand rounds from the University of Arkansas: Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 713746 TI - [Artificial heart ventricle with an atrial chamber for assisted circulation]. PMID- 713747 TI - [Gas volume stabilization in the pneumatic transmission unit of the assisted circulation apparatus]. AB - A compensator connected to the section consisting of the pump-main line-operating member and including a pneumatic resistance and a flaxid non-elastic container enables it in combination with the feedback to maintain through the volumetric displacement of the gas, or changing the pump diaphragm position, the stability of the gas volume in the pneumatic transmission element of the assisted circulation apparatus. The stabilization of the gas volume in the pneumatic transmission element creates favourable conditions of exploitation and heightens the effect of the cardiac insufficiency treatment, expecially in cases of protracted assisted circulation. PMID- 713748 TI - [Feasibility of increasing the high-speed response of the electromechanical drive in assisted circulation devices]. AB - The conditions in assisted circulation, especially with ballooned aorta, place high demands on the speed of the intraortal pump-balloon response. The salient feature of the described assisted circulation unit consists in that the intraortal pump-balloon is connected to the pneumotract via a commutative air operated valve. A block diagram of the assisted circulation unit "Biopulso-4" based on the use of the electric drive, designed at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Medical Equipment and Instruments, stress diagrams and a scheme explaining the operation of the apparatus, are described. The results obtained show the possibility of the balloon's resetting and opening in 70 ms, with the triggering synchronous pulse delay of 10 ms prior to response (with air use as power gas). These results are not any worse than those obtained with the pneumatic drive-based assisted circulation apparatus. PMID- 713749 TI - [Artificial heart control system]. AB - To develop a system for the artificial heart control the algorhythm of the latter, with the blood pressure in the aorta acting as a regulation parameter, was analyzed on its mathematical model. The results of the algorhythm operation in three model situation describing transitional processes under physical efforts, stress and resuscitation are reported. The technical implemetation of the described algorhythm is set forth and a comparison of the obtained experimental data versus the design curves is made. PMID- 713751 TI - [Medical industry during the 10th five-year plan]. PMID- 713750 TI - [Analysis of control systems for artificial circulation devices]. AB - A variant of a complex approach to solving the problem of ensuring the optimal perfusion, based on the separation of the ECA-organism system parameters into 4 subsystems, is proposed. An automatic control of the entire set of the extracorporeal circulation parameters is accomplished in the hierarchial order, with due consideration for the necessity to provide a fast response and physiological significance for the organism of the characteristics and factors subject to correction. The criteria for the adequacy of the extracorporeal circulation should be brought into a dynamic relation to the actual state of the organism. The composition of the blocks making up the system of the extracorporeal circulation regulation is discussed. PMID- 713752 TI - [Perfusion system for assisted blood oxygenation during treatment of children with acute respiratory insufficiency]. AB - To conduct an auxiliary extracorporeal oxygenation in acute respiratory incompetence in young children a perfusion system with a small primary charging volume is proposed. The system was tested in an experiment and clinically in an infant with mass of 4.5 kg. The auxiliary oxygenation lasted for 73 1/2 hours. The operating characteristics of the perfusion system with a "Lande-Edwards" diaphragmatic oxygenator and its schematic diagram are described. PMID- 713754 TI - [Improving interference freedom of asynchronous cardiostimulators]. AB - In their every day life the patients with implanted cardiostimulators are infrequently undergo the effects of electromagnetic interference sources that might seriously disrupt the normal performance of cardiostimulators (CS). For the asynchronous CS (EKC-2, EKC-4, EKC-8) the dependence of the CS pulse repetition period on the the frequency and amplitude of interferences is given. The interference resistance and stability of these apparatus is shown to be materially increased if a condenser of 10 nF capacity is to the CS output terminals connected. PMID- 713753 TI - [Power parameters of blood flow thermostabilizing systems in artificial circulation devices]. PMID- 713755 TI - [Effect of high-frequency current parameters on tissue coagulation]. PMID- 713756 TI - [Ergonomics and improvements in efficiency in stomatology]. AB - The ergonometric methods used in the organization of the medical personnel of stomatological establishments and in designing technical facilities of stomatological rooms help raise the effectiveness of the therapeutic processes and to improve conditions of work of the physician-stomatologist and medical nurses. At the basis of modern ergonomic facilities and principles in stomatology there are the concepts: recumbent patient, sitting medical personnel, invariable presence of an assisting nurse, "long-term" treatment and centralization of the ancillary service. PMID- 713757 TI - [Means of improving the operational safety of balloon-pump counter-pulsation apparatus]. AB - The apparatus of assisted circulation, in particular those intended for counter pulsation with the pump-balloon, as concerns their reliability and safety to units whose failure presents immediate danger for the patient's life. An analysis of modern batch manufactured apparatus revealed a tendency toward widening the scope and complicating the signallization means of automatic protection and preventing failures. It is shown that the reliability of the units for counter pulsation with the pump-balloon is not only a technical, but also a biomedicocybernetic problem. Substance is given to the need for introduction into the system of the apparatus for assisted circulation of sand-by actuating mechanisms for secure a purposeful influence on the physiological parameters of the organism. PMID- 713759 TI - [Signal separator for anesthesia stage indicators]. PMID- 713760 TI - [Chief trends in the development and implementation of technical equipment for assisted circulation]. PMID- 713761 TI - [Humidity regulation in medical pressure chamber KB-03 for newborn infants]. PMID- 713758 TI - [Experience with a comparative study of several adsorbents]. AB - A comparative study of adsorbents with respect to their capability to absorb low- and medium-molecular metabolites was effected. The adsorbents displaying high activity in regard to low-molecular metabolites are shown to be insufficiently effective with respect to the medium-molecular ones and vice versa. The results thus obtained bear proof to the advisability of a preliminary selection of adsorbents for clinical application in hemocorption according to their activity as concerns low- and medium-molecular substances. PMID- 713762 TI - [Evaluation of distortions in clinical thermography]. AB - Distortions appearing on the thermograms can depend on a number of factors, including the radiation coefficient, the ambient temperature, the angle between the sighting direction of the thermograph and the normal of the study surface. A quantitative assessment made of distortions conditioned by these factors during registration of thermograms of flat and curvilinear surfaces helped to recommend the most expedient manipulations in conducting thermographic examinations. PMID- 713764 TI - [Feasibility of constructing thermoelectric thermoregulatory units for artificial circulation devices]. AB - The prospects for the use of thermoelectric systems to regulate the blood temperature in extracorporeal circulation apparatus are outlined. The temperature and electric conditions in the thermoelectric thermoregulating system were optimized, which enabled extremal values of their basic parameters to be obtained. A conclusion is drawn on the expediency of using these systems for the purpose in view. PMID- 713763 TI - [Multichannel rheograph with automatic calibration]. PMID- 713765 TI - [Chief tasks in the development of Soviet equipment for facilitating the work of junior and middle medical personnel]. PMID- 713766 TI - [Device for studying muscle tonus]. AB - A portable device for studying the muscular tone can be constructed on the principle of registering displacements of a metal rod accomplished by means of the bridge network. The indicating instrument is calibrated with reference to the steel rod, whose density (tightness) is taken as an ultimate one, while the tightness of the muscle tissue is determined in per cent of the ultimate tightness. PMID- 713767 TI - [Semiautomatic setup for studying the electrokinetic properties of the formed elements of blood]. PMID- 713768 TI - [Device for intracavitary spraying of drugs]. PMID- 713769 TI - [Mechanization of the work of the personnel of the sterilization service of therapeutic-preventive institutions]. AB - The presently functioning service of central sterilization departments at medical institutions has presented itself in a good light. The home industry already puts out the necessary basic facilities and is putting into production the ancillary ones to equip them. Further development of the sterilization service centralization follows the way of setting up sterilization centres organized on the principle of highly mechanized and automated industrial enterprises. PMID- 713770 TI - [Determination of indices for the quality of technical servicing of medical equipment]. PMID- 713771 TI - [Several problems involved in standardizing medical instruments]. PMID- 713772 TI - [Improved regulator for electromechanical control of assisted circulation devices]. PMID- 713773 TI - [Needle holder for intraosseous infusions in stomatologic clinical practice]. PMID- 713774 TI - [Device for connecting "Ftorotek" vaporizers to "Khirana-6" inhalation anesthesia apparatus]. PMID- 713775 TI - [Nomograms for calculating the parameters of a system of recording intracavitary pressure through sounds]. AB - The signal of the intracavitary pressure registered through a probe is, as a rule, distorted by fluctuations of the liquid column in the probe. Nomograms enabling the velocity of the sound wave and the own frequency oscillations of the measuring system to be found from the size of the probe, elastic modulus of its material and elasticity of the bulk of the guage are described. In this way a selection of probes to secure high-quality recording of the signal is facilitated. An example of a calculation with the use of the nomograms is given. PMID- 713776 TI - [Echo-shadow method for visualizing foreign bodies]. PMID- 713777 TI - [Medical tables (new designs)]. PMID- 713778 TI - [New commercially available medical equipment]. PMID- 713779 TI - [Ways of improving the efficiency and quality of medical equipment production]. PMID- 713780 TI - [Problems in the classification of hypertension based on blood-pressure values]. PMID- 713781 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of hypertensive encephalopathy]. PMID- 713783 TI - [Neuroradiological diagnosis of cerebrovascular circulation arrest]. PMID- 713782 TI - [Circulation disorders in the region of the basilar artery. Clinical morphological studies and functional diagnostics based on 2 case reports]. PMID- 713784 TI - [Measuring technics in indications for supra-aortic reconstructions]. PMID- 713786 TI - [Serum creatine kinase activities in drug intoxications]. PMID- 713787 TI - [Fiber bronchoscopy. Trend analysis following 100 and 500 examinations]. PMID- 713785 TI - [Results of acute electrostimulation of the heart in cardiac emergencies]. PMID- 713788 TI - [Management of acute arrhythmias using atenolol in the myocardial-infarct patient]. PMID- 713789 TI - [Essential hypertension. Problems and therapy]. PMID- 713790 TI - [Bioavailability of potassium chloride from delayed-action preparations]. PMID- 713791 TI - [Neurologic disorders following influenza vaccination. A case report]. PMID- 713792 TI - [Neurologic disorders following tetanus vaccination. A case report]. PMID- 713793 TI - [Colposcopy and its significance as an early diagnostic method in gynecologic examination]. PMID- 713794 TI - [Hypothalamus regulatory hormones]. PMID- 713795 TI - [Elkapin--a new diuretic and antihypertensive agent]. PMID- 713797 TI - [Continuing education in general medicine in Europe]. PMID- 713796 TI - [Experiences with alrheumun suppositories in the treatment of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 713798 TI - [Thyroid diseases in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 713799 TI - [Arthritis and erythema nodosum as typical manifestations of a yersinia enterocolitica infection]. PMID- 713800 TI - [Spondylitis typhosa. Case report of a rare complication of abdominal typhus]. PMID- 713801 TI - [General and case-report contribution on zinc therapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 713802 TI - [Basic observations on gold therapy]. PMID- 713804 TI - [Which hypotensive agents are permissable in sport aviation?]. PMID- 713803 TI - [What can be thought of supporting a vaginal delivery using "Kristeller's manipulation"?]. PMID- 713805 TI - [Surgical management of hearing loss]. PMID- 713806 TI - [Advances in the management of epilepsy]. PMID- 713807 TI - [Pseudarthroses following osteosyntheses]. PMID- 713809 TI - [Electro-sleep therapy]. PMID- 713808 TI - [Tissue hormones of the healthy and diseased kidney. The renin-angiotensin system, kallikrein-kinin system, prostaglandins]. PMID- 713811 TI - [Inflammatory diseases of the pancreas. Conservative therapy]. PMID- 713810 TI - [The 11th Winter Congress in Kuhtai, Tirol]. PMID- 713812 TI - [Management of chronic pancreatitis through resection]. PMID- 713814 TI - [Thyroid-function parameters in liver diseases]. PMID- 713813 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde choledocho-pancreaticography. Experiences of a regional hospital]. PMID- 713816 TI - [Management of Meniere's disease using betahistine]. PMID- 713815 TI - [Diagnosis of circumscribed liver diseases with special reference to sonography]. PMID- 713817 TI - [Secure therapeutic effectiveness of the traditional antitussive agent Mintetten in a double-blind study]. PMID- 713819 TI - [The Bernardo A. Houssay Foundation]. PMID- 713818 TI - [Reimbursement for infusions in infants and small children]. PMID- 713820 TI - [Research in research]. PMID- 713821 TI - [Ventilatory response to metabolic acidosis]. PMID- 713823 TI - [Toward a universal scientific language]. PMID- 713822 TI - [The language of publications]. PMID- 713824 TI - [Serum values and thyroid hormones exchange in the aged]. PMID- 713825 TI - [L-dopa and prolactin in breast neoplasms and dysplasia]. PMID- 713826 TI - [Influence of the antigenic differences between the tumor and the host in development of tumor enhancement in the rat]. PMID- 713827 TI - [First isolation, in Argentina, of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Malassez and Vignal bacillus) from a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) and from human feces]. PMID- 713828 TI - [Changes in plasma and urinary osmolality induced by the administration of hyperosmolar triiodated compounds]. PMID- 713829 TI - [Acute bronchiolitis in adult. An unusual cause of respiratory acidosis]. PMID- 713830 TI - [Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 713831 TI - Congenital failure of automatic control of ventilation, gastrointestinal motility and heart rate. AB - A new congenital syndrome characterized by the simultaneous failure of control of ventilation (Ondine's curse) and intestinal motility (Hirschsprung's disease) is reported in three infants, all of whom died in the first few months of life; two were siblings. Detailed studies in one also revealed markedly decreased esophageal motility and abnormal control of heart rate. In one infant, minute ventilation was lower in quiet than in REM sleep and lower in both states of sleep than in wakefulness. Although the mean inspiratory flow was decreased in quiet sleep, the hypoventilation resulted primarily from a decrease in respiratory frequency. Intravenous doxapram increased ventilation but did not reverse respiratory failure. Aminophyllin, progesterone, physostigmine and chlorpromazine did not change ventilation significantly; imipramine resulted in a significant decrease. Both long and short-term variability of the heart rate were markedly decreased when compared with the normal infant. Although neuropathologic studies postmorten did not reveal an anatomic defect, we postulate that a developmental abnormality in serotonergic neurons is responsible for this new syndrome. PMID- 713832 TI - Preparation and properties of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complexI), EC 1.6.5.3. PMID- 713833 TI - Optical properties of cytochromes from beef heart mitochondria, submitochondrial vesicles, and derived preparations. PMID- 713834 TI - Resolution of complex I and isolation of NADH dehydrogenase and an iron--sulfur protein. PMID- 713835 TI - Preparation and properties of succinate: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II). PMID- 713836 TI - Overview of iron--sulfur proteins. PMID- 713837 TI - Resolution of complex II and isolation of succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1). PMID- 713839 TI - Phenylalanine hydroxylase from rat liver. PMID- 713838 TI - Analysis of acid-labile sulfide and sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 713840 TI - Oxygen-stable hydrogenase and assay. PMID- 713841 TI - Introduction--preparation and properties of the enzymes and enzymes complexes of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. PMID- 713842 TI - Purification of (4Fe-4S)1--2--ferredoxins (high-potential iron--sulfur proteins) from bacteria. PMID- 713843 TI - Fatty acid omega-hydroxylase (alkane hydroxylase) from Pseudomonas oleovorans. PMID- 713844 TI - Formate dehydrogenase, a selenium--tungsten enzyme from Clostridium thermoaceticum. PMID- 713845 TI - Selenium-dependent clostridial glycine reductase. PMID- 713847 TI - Quantitative determination of noncovalently bound flavins: types and methods of analysis. PMID- 713846 TI - Flavoproteins (overview). PMID- 713848 TI - Reversible resolution of flavoproteins into apoproteins and fee flavins. PMID- 713850 TI - Synthesis and isolation of 8 alpha-substituted flavins and flavin peptides. PMID- 713849 TI - Suicide substrates for flavoprotein enzymes. PMID- 713852 TI - Reconstitution of the electron-transport system of bovine heart mitochondria. PMID- 713851 TI - Mammalian succinate dehydrogenase. PMID- 713853 TI - Preparation of monoamine oxidase from beef liver mitochondria. PMID- 713855 TI - Salicylate hydroxylase. PMID- 713854 TI - Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and electron-transferring flavoprotein. PMID- 713856 TI - Extraction and reincorporation of ubiquinone in submitochondrial particles. PMID- 713858 TI - Purification of electron-transfer components of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and assay of intermediates. PMID- 713859 TI - Considerations on a laser-scanning-microscope with high resolution and depth of field. AB - In conventional light microscopy, the depth of focus is severely limited. This limitation might be overcome by a light optical scanning procedure. In this procedure, the specimen surface is scanned point for point by a focused laser beam. The image of the specimen surface is generated by an electronic system, similar to the procedure used in the scanning electron microscope. Possibilities to develop a "laser-scanning-microscope" on the basis of available techniques (laser microirradiation, miniprocessors, light detecting systems, automatic focusing, holographic focusing etc.) are discussed. On account of its possibility to form images of high resolution and depth of focus, a laser-scanning-microscope might become a valuable tool in addition to conventional light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 713857 TI - Coenzyme Q and analogs for coenzymic activity. PMID- 713860 TI - OCMS review of lab arrangements strengthens medical care delivery in that county. PMID- 713862 TI - Michigan Academy striving to provide well-trained family physicians. PMID- 713861 TI - New trend sees Michigan hospitals. Combining in various multi-unit arrangements. PMID- 713863 TI - MSU Department of Family Practice strives to practice what it teaches. PMID- 713864 TI - Wayne's FP program gratified with indications of good results. PMID- 713866 TI - The preliminary state health plan--you've heard of its ominous 760 pages; here's MSMS view of its significance. PMID- 713865 TI - U-M has newest Michigan department of family practice. PMID- 713867 TI - Cost awareness from MSMS task force. PMID- 713868 TI - Health care delivery as seen by a Ford Motor Company exec. PMID- 713869 TI - Many family physicians dedicated to supporting metropolitan areas. PMID- 713870 TI - MDs must use initiative to assure all children immunized. PMID- 713871 TI - Here's how board of medicine carries out disciplinary actions. PMID- 713872 TI - Plasmid-mediated sulfanilamide resistance. AB - Dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) is specified by a substrain of Escherichia coli K12, ML1410. This enzyme activity is inhibited by sulfanilamides (Sa) and is known to be heat-stable, i.e., an Sa-sensitive normal enzyme. Another DHPS activity specified by E. coli ML1410 carrying drug resistance plasmids is Sa resistant but heat-sensitive, i.e., an Sa-resistant enzyme. Most plasmids encoding single Sa or double (Sa. Tc or Sa. Sm) (Tc, tetracycline; Sm, streptomycin) resistance mediate the formation of this type of DHPS. Therefore, E. coli carrying these plasmids becomes diploid for DHPS, i.e., an Sa-resistant and an Sa-sensitive normal enzyme. The biochemical mechanism of Sa resistance mediated by plasmids encoding triple (Cm.Sm.Sa; Tc.Sm.Sa) and quadruple (Cm.Tc.Sm.Sa) resistance is not due to the formation of an altered DHPS but probably due to the decrease in permeation of the drug into the cell. The evolutionary process of the formation of Sa-resistance determinants on plasmids is discussed based on the presence of two types of Sa resistance mechanism. PMID- 713873 TI - [Functional significance of bivalent iron and manganese oxidation in Leptothrix pseudoochraceae]. AB - The effect of oxidation of bivalent compounds of iron and manganese was studied on the growth of filamentous iron bacteria. The stimulating action of these metals could not be attributed to utilization of the energy of their oxidation in the assimilation of carbon dioxide or in lithoheterotrophic processes. The cells yield increased because the metal ions removed the toxic metabolite, hydrogen peroxide, which was formed in the respiratory chain upon oxidation of an organic substrate. This function of bivalent metals in detoxication of hydrogen peroxide accounts for the ecological confinement of iron bacteria to certain environment. PMID- 713874 TI - [Comparative study of the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism in the growth of Candida tropicalis yeasts on n-octadecane and glucose]. AB - The dynamics of carbon metabolism was studied in Candida tropicalis growing on 14C-labeled n-octadecane and glucose by means of the technique of radioactive indicators. The kinetics of incorporation of 14C into the main groups of organic substances in the cell (proteins, nucleic acids+polysaccharides, lipids, free amino acids, organic acids, free carbohydrates+nucleotides) revealed differences in the rate of their synthesis and accumulation. The general features and the major differences in the pathways of carbon metabolism depended on the nature of a carbon substrate. If the yeast used n-octadecane as a source of carbon, the rate of synthesis of the lipid fraction was higher, and the ratio between its components changed as well as the rates of their synthesis. PMID- 713875 TI - [Luminescence and growth of Photobacterium mandapamensis in periodic culture]. AB - The luminescent Photobacterium mandapamensis, strain 54 (the collection of the Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences), was isolated from the water of the Pacific Ocean in the equatorial zone and studied in the course of periodic cultivation. The dynamics of changes in the main parameters of the culture, such as luminescence, growth, respiration, heat emission etc., was investigated. The data obtained were used to establish a correlation between changes in these parameters and in the cell metabolism when one energy substrate was substituted by another. PMID- 713876 TI - [Systematic place of the act nomycetes of the Albidus Krassilnikov, 1970 group]. AB - Detailed studies of the taxonomical characteristics and the complex of produced antibiotics made it possible to establish the identity of Actinomyces albus var. fungatus, Solovieva et Rudaya, 1959 and Actinomyces tumemacerans, Krassilnikov et Koveshnikov, 1962. Both organisms produce a complex of antibiotics comprising albofungin, albonursin, and a polyene antibiotic belonging to the group of tetraenes. The cultures do not belong to the group of verticillate actinomycetes as was believed earlier (Krassilnikov, 1970). The later name, Actinomyces tumemacerans, is more appropriate since the organism described under the name of Act. albus var. fungatus differs sharply from other representatives of Act. albus and therefore cannot be regarded as its variety (nomen confusum). Actinomyces sp. RIA-248 producing albofungin differs from Act. tumemacerans P-42 as well as from Act. albus var. fungatus RIA-247 by the complex of produced antibiotics and other taxonomic properties. Apparently, it should be classed as a new species. PMID- 713878 TI - [Nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium vigna in a root tisse culture of leguminous and nonleguminous plants]. AB - As was shown using the acetylene technique, the nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium vigna increased when they were cultivated with the root tissue cultures of legumes (lucerne, sweetclover) and non-legumes (tobacco, glasswort, carrot), particularly in the case of the former. The maximum activity of nitrogenase was found in R. meliloti. The tissue cultures of legumes had no effect on the growth of Rhizobium whereas the tissues of non-legumes stimulated their biomass accumulation though the activity of nitrogenase in both Rhizobium cultures was low in this case. Therefore, the metabolites of legumes produced a specific action on the nitrogenase of nodule bacteria. PMID- 713877 TI - [Significance of the ability of Candida Berhout to assimilate D-glucuronic acid, D-glucono-delta-lactone and 5-keto-D-gluconate for systematics]. AB - 117 Candida strains representing 76 species and varieties were studied. Most of them readily assimilated glucono-delta-lactone with an exception of species which were imperfect analogues of Pichia spp. with round ascospores, Saccharomyces spp. and Kluyveromyces spp. The test for assimilation of 5-keto-D-gluconate can be used to differentiate varieties of C. guilliermondii, C. pelliculosa, and species C. zeylanoides and C. vinaria. The group of glucuronate-positive species belonging to the genus Candida comprises both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous organisms. The former lack the urease activity. Among the latter, C. curvata, C. humicola, C. marina and C. podzolica produce extracellular polysaccharides identical in the monosaccharide composition to polysaccharides of cryptococci. These four species should be included into the genus Cryptococcus. PMID- 713879 TI - [Microorganisms of the genus Nocardia and the "rhodochrous" group in the soils of the Ukrainian SSR]. AB - Nocardioform bacteria characterized by the IV type of the cell wall and by lipid LCN-A are widely distributed in various soils of the Ukrainian SSR. The acetamidase-negative forms of Nocardia asteroides were found in 24.4% of soil samples, and the acetamidase-positive forms of this organism, in 4% of soil samples. The "rhodochrous" group was most often represented by the species N. erythropolis and N. rubropertincta, and less often, by Nocardia (Rhodococcus) rhodochrous, N. opaca and N. flava. The greatest amount of different species was detected in chernozem and dark chestnut soils of the waste zone. Chernozem soils impregnated with petroleum were particularly abundant in N. asteroides, N. rubropertincta, N. corallina and N. erythropolis. The best medium for isolation of most species was the Munz medium containing n-alkanes. PMID- 713880 TI - [Population dynamics study of Streptomyces olivocinereus in soil]. AB - The dynamics of the population of the soil actinomycetes Streptomyces olivocinereus can be studied in its natural habitat using a conventional technique of inoculation at a level of the population density close to the natural one. The colonies are registered and counted in UV where they are clearly visible due to their bright orange luminescence. Techniques employed for obtaining information about the population structure (spores--mycellium) are described. The dynamics of the population has been studied within a year. The population introduced into soil is stabilized at a relatively high level. PMID- 713881 TI - [Continuous cultivation of Penicillium brevicompactum that forms extracellular ribonucleases]. AB - Conditions for continuous cultivation of Penicillium brevi-compactum producing extra-cellular ribonucleases were studied. The two-step process of fermentation in the course of which the flow of the medium in the first fermenter was maintained at 0.054 hr-1, and in the second fermenter at 0.0527 hr-1, made it possible to produce 3--4 times more enzymes as compared to the batch culture. PMID- 713883 TI - [Fine structure of Bifidobacterium bifidum]. AB - Cultures of Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 were grown in liquid and semisolid nutrient media for 14 hours to 6 days. Their preparations were then studied by electron microscopy on ultra-thin sections after a routine chemical fixation or on replicas after rapid freezing-fracturing and etching. This procedure made it possible to obtain new data about the structural organization of cells in the course of growth of cultures which were characterized by desynchronization of growth and division processes. The growth was inhibited later when populations reached the highest number of cells in the given set of conditions. The zone of nuclear vacuoles contained peculiar membrane structures which appeared and underwent certain changes related, apparently, to the mode of growth of this bacterium. PMID- 713882 TI - [Comparative study of the action of different antibiotics on the membrane dehydrogenase activity in Micrococcus lysodeikticus]. AB - The object of this work was to study the effect of antibiotics belonging to the groups of penicillin, tetracycline and aminoglycosides on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in the membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Streptomycin, benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin decreased the activity of the above dehydrogenases. Tetracycline and oxytetracycline activated lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase in the membranes, but decreased their activity in the supernatant fraction of disintegrated membranes. The enzyme activity in the membranes was particularly inhibited by neomycin. PMID- 713884 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the action of submicroscopic levorin structures on Candida guillermondii]. AB - In the course of preparation of aqueous solutions of the polyene antibiotic levorin, the latter is recovered in the solid phase forming granular submicroscopic structures. If the cells of Candida guilliermondii are treated with submicroscopic granular structures (SMGS) of levorin, the structures are adsorbed on the surface of the yeast cell walls. Some visible changes occur in the ultrastructure of the yeast cells incubated with SMGS of levorin for 5 min: the inner layer of the cell wall becomes loose, the periplasmic space appears, the cytoplasmic membrane becomes thicker, the mitochondria swell, and fragmentation of the mitochondrial cristae takes place. Dense round alien bodies 20--40 mn in size can be discerned in the periplasmic space of such cells. If the yeast cells are treated with the levorin structures for a longer period of time (15--60 min), the cell ultrastructure is entirely disorganized. PMID- 713885 TI - [Effect of carbon dioxide on the methylotrophic metabolism of Candida boidinii]. AB - The activity of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism of Candida boidinii KDI was compared on media containing methanol with bicarbonate and without it. The presence of carbon dioxide stimulated the activity of methanol oxidase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, hexulose phosphate synthase and particularly carboxylases of pyruvate and phosphoenol pyruvate. At the same time, the activity of formate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and isocitrate lyase decreased. Therefore, carbon dioxide produces a significant effect on methylotrophic metabolism of Candida boidinii KDI and is actively involved in biosynthetic processes. PMID- 713886 TI - [Phenomenon of temperate phage restriction and modification in a lysogenic culture of Streptomyces hygroscopicus]. AB - Temperate phages were isolated from the lysogenic culture of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 0485 in the indicator cultures of Str. hygroscopicus 0477 and Str. levoris 1331. The phages were found to be identical in the morphology of particles and serological properties. The phenomenon of cross limitation, by the culture of Str. hygroscopicus 0477, of the phage growing on the culture of Str. levoris 1331, and vice versa, was established. At the same time, the phages were shown to be modified by the host cell. PMID- 713887 TI - [Radial growth rate of fungal colonies in respect of their ecology]. AB - Indices of the radial growth rate of colonies were determined for Circinella circinans and Mortierella ramanniana as well as for the complex of fungi in soil in the course of microbial succession. The maximum of growth (Kr = 0.053 cm/hr) for C. circinans was observed at a high concentration of glucose (10%) in the medium, whereas for M. ramanniana the maximum (Kr = 0.0054 cm/hr) was detected at a low glucose concentration (0.005%) in the medium. These data account for the position of C. circinans and M. ramanniana in the course of microbial succession in the natural habitat. Kr was used to establish the origin of successional changes in the complex of soil fungi in serozem upon the introduction of glucose. PMID- 713888 TI - Accessory factors in the quantitative homeostasis of erythropoiesis. PMID- 713889 TI - The anatomy of emotion. AB - Emotion is seen as a function of an autonomic system which pervades the cerebrum as much as the rest of the body. An emotional centre, or organ of mood, seems to exist in the hypothalamus, at the upper end of a reticular core rising through the brainstem, which initiates and co-ordinates vital impulses. The reticular formation (which may be identical with the centrencephalic integrating system) appears to contain adrenergic and cholinergic fibres and these may be central nervous elements of the autonomic system. Supporting evidence for this whole concept is presented from findings in brain self stimulation reward, the syndrome of central pain, posture and movement accompanying mood change, epileptic convulsions and progressive refinements in pre-frontal leucotomy. The limbic system is considered to subserve "on going" memory rather than mood, which appears to reach consciousness in the lateral temporal convexity, as a rule independently of awareness of peripheral somatic accompaniments of emotion. PMID- 713890 TI - Underestimation of chronic toxicities of food additives and chemicals: the bias of a phantom rule. PMID- 713891 TI - Nelson-Town anti virus theory. AB - For any virus that causes a biological change in the body, there is a substance that will prevent this virus from causing this biological change. We will call this substance an anti virus substance. Reasons for proposing this theory along with reasons for the prediction of 3 properties of an anti virus will be presented. Also to be presented is an anti virus circular diagram, a mechanism where when vitamin C is present the body can more easily manufacture the anti virus, other mechanisms, and the comparison of properties of humoral antibodies and interferon with suspected properties of anti viruses. PMID- 713892 TI - Lipid peroxidation in the hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - Based on recent evidence of a genetic influence on prognosis (1) and the existence of red cell membrane phospholipid depletion with low or absent serum alpha-tocopherol (2) levels in three children with the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (H.U.S.), we wish to suggest the existence of an inborn error of antioxident capacity as the basic pathogenetic mechanism in the development of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (H.U.S.). PMID- 713894 TI - The importance of trophozoites in transmission of toxoplasmosis: survival and pathogenity of Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites in liquid media. AB - It has been generally assumed that Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites cannot survive long outside the body, and that toxoplasmosis is transmitted by transplacental infection, cysts and oocysts. We tested the survival and pathogenicity of separated Toxoplasma trophozoites in saline, colostrum, and solutions of albumen and serum, and the penetration of Toxoplasma trophozoites from infected secretions through mucous membranes of nose, conjunctiva, and mouth. The trophozoites survived 24 h in saline, 3 days in 3.5% serum albumen, 3 days in colostrum, and 17-43 days in serum solutions. The infectivity of the trophozoites was highest after nasal instillation, second highest after instillation into conjunctiva, and lowest after instillation into the mouth. The infective dose was calculated. The results show that Toxoplasma trophozoites survive and remain infectious for a relatively long time in biological liquid media and can easily penetrate mucous membranes, and suggest a revised hypothesis for the transmission of Toxoplasmosis with the trophozoites as one important source of infection. PMID- 713893 TI - An innovative, rational approach to rural health care. AB - Parts of rural, southern Illinois, like many rural areas throughout the world, are medically underserved. An innovative, rational solution to the physician shortage in those parts of rural, southern Illinois, which may be applied to other medically underserved areas, rural or urban, is proposed in this manuscript. To attract physicians to or near medically underserved, rural areas in southern Illinois it is proposed that Primary Care and Referral Centers be set up in southern Illinois. This could be done by adding well trained general practitioners, family physicians, or general internists to the staff of each emergency center of the Total Emergency Medical Service System for (southern) Illinois that is located in or near an otherwise medically underserved, rural area of southern Illinois. These additional physicians would diagnose and treat within their capabilities all non-emergency cases coming to the primary care centers and refer non-emergency cases needing referrals. Referrals would be either for secondary or tertiary health care. The Primary Care and Referral Centers should be self-supporting from pre-paid patient fees. For almost ten years a health center like a Primary Care and Referral Center has been operating at SIU/Edwardsville. PMID- 713895 TI - The mechanism of intimal thickening in arteriosclerosis. AB - The limitations of current theories of the mechanism of intimal thickening in arteriosclerosis are briefly reviewed. The suggestion is advanced that this change is due to intimal oedema, arising from failure of the lymphatic system of the surrounding tissue to remove adequately, protein-containing fluid filtering outwards through the vascular endothelium. It is postulated that such local environmental influences account for the variability in the degree of arterial degeneration seen in different arteries, and in different portions of the same artery. PMID- 713896 TI - Possible effects of externally applied alcohol on the resistance of the eardrum. PMID- 713897 TI - Malnutrition: a poorly understood risk factor in surgery. PMID- 713898 TI - Hospital asepsis and the advance of medical instrumentation. PMID- 713900 TI - The operating room and the ultraviolet environment. AB - Clean surgical wounds may be contaminated from three separate sources: endogenously from the patient himself; exogenously from direct contamination by unsterile instruments, drapes, gowns, hands, or gloves; and by bacteria settling from that final common pathway, the air over the operative field. The advent of total joint replacement precipitated a renewed consciousness in the orthopedic community of the disastrous consequences a wound infection can have upon the orthopedic patient. Deep infection around a total joint replacement can convert a procedure with a 95 percent probability of success to a total disaster, leaving the patient worse than prior to operation. Most orthopedists use at least two accepted methods of preventing deep wound infection in the postoperative period: the application of topical antibiotics during surgery, and the intravenous infusion of systemic antibiotics during and after surgery for a brief period. In addition, many orthopedic surgeons are operating in clean air rooms with body exhaust systems; others are operating in an ultraviolet environment. Orthopedic surgery in the ultraviolet environment has been used at the brigham hospitals since 1973. The infection rate has dropped from 3.8 percent to 1.04 percent in a series of 2000 patients. However, inconveniences and hazards have been experienced in the use of ultraviolet radiation in the operating room. PMID- 713899 TI - The surgeon's responsibility for asepsis. AB - Eighty percent of postoperative wound infections result from bacteria acquired elsewhere than in the operating room. Concomitant infections--such as dermatitis; periodontitis; infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urinary tracts -are not identified preoperatively, despite a threat to the patient greater than that of anesthesia and surgery combined. Isolation of overt infection is neglected. The entire hospital becomes a reservoir of bacterial debris that is reflected in the carriage of pathogens by personnel and patients. Infections are often initiated by medical devices that invade the vascular system, respiratory tract, or urinary bladder. Professional leadership at the bedside is the key to detecting and correcting breaches in technique and setting an example of a philosophy of total patient care. PMID- 713901 TI - Autotransfusion. PMID- 713902 TI - Apparatus for measuring zones of inhibition. AB - The apparatus described is a device allowing rapid measurement of susceptibility zone diameters obtained by the Kirby-Bauer method. The device consists of a series of radially arranged strips upon the lid of a microbiologic plate. The strips are transparent, labeled with the antibiotic tested, and slightly movable circumferentially. The strips being as wide as the diameter separating susceptible from resistant organisms, the device allows rapid classification of zone diameters into those indicating susceptibiltiy as well as resistance of orgainisms to the antibiotic tested. PMID- 713903 TI - Automation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. AB - Laboratory services lag significantly behind the time demands of the clinician in determining the appropriate antimicrobic drug to treat a bacterial infection. The authors discuss several new automated optical systems that promise to shorten the time lag for results, as well as lead to improved precision and standardization. The advantages of expressing antimicrobic susceptibility results as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) over the three classifications of sensitive, intermediate, or resistant commonly determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method are discussed. Computerization is a central feature of emerging instrumentation for antimicrobic susceptibility testin, and it will be potentially useful in providing interpretive data relating the MIC to specific dose-site combinations. The paper is concluded by short descriptions of nonoptical techniques that investigators have used to measure bacterial growth. PMID- 713904 TI - Cardiac electrodes and safe voltage limits. AB - The 5-mV safe voltage limit that has been proposed for hospital safety codes is shown to be based on incorrect assumptions. The actual voltage threshold for 60 Hz current is of the order of 100 mV or greater, because of the effects of electrode interface impedance and cell membrane characteristics. AK value of 50 mV is proposed as the safe voltage limit for 60 Hz current for the purposes of safety standards. The medical community is requested to consider this value. PMID- 713905 TI - Improved waveform generator and cardiac simulator for sensitivity testing of ventricular programmed pulse generator. AB - The need for an easily generated, simulated QRS complex to facilitate preimplantation sensitivity testing of ventricular programmed pacemakers has led to the adoption of the sine squared waveform as the standard test pulse, by the Pacemaker Standards Subcommitte of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). A simple circuit is presented that provides an accurate sine squared pulse with easily adjustable pulse width (base frequency). A suggested circuit for incorporating this sine squared pulse generator into a complete pacemaker test waveform generator/cardiac simulator is also presented. PMID- 713906 TI - Digital range-gated echocardiographic tracking. AB - Many applications of standard echocardiography require velocity computation which is usually determined by manually measuring slopes on an echocardiogram. However, manual techniques are limited by the inaccuracy with which slopes may be drawn and measured, the large amount of time required for detailed analysis, and the lack of real time information. A system is described which automatically provides real time and continuous and essentially instantaneous position and velocity measurements on selected heart structures. The system is designed with digital electronics wherever possible to facilitate data processing and the transfer of information to a computer. The system has advantages over continuous wave ultrasonic Doppler techniques and a range-gated ultrasonic Doppler system because dynamic, range-gated digital tracking allows target isolation and identification. Also, because range gate size may be kept small, noise susceptibility is minimized. PMID- 713908 TI - The powers of health care and technology. PMID- 713907 TI - Manual record-keeping and statistical records for the operating room. AB - Surveys have shown that handwritten anesthesia and circulating records kept in hospital operating rooms may be inadequately maintained and analyzed. Online, fully automated data processing techniques have been applied to reduce the anesthesiologist's recordkeeping workload, but with limited receptivity. An off line data processing system has been developed using handwritten records to provide both anesthesia and operating room utilization statistics. Evaluation of the system indicates that an online, semiautomated approach applied only to charting vital signs and recording utilization statistics is an appropriate one for future development. PMID- 713909 TI - Advancing medical instrumentation at home. PMID- 713910 TI - Metastatic neck nodes of unknown primary origin. AB - The patient who presents with a metastatic node in the neck should first have a thorough examination of the upper part of the respiratory tract and then a needle aspiration biopsy of the neck mass to confirm the diagnosis of cancer. Biopsy excision or incision of the neck tumour is unnecessary and can prejudice the patient's survival. In approximately 85% of cases, the occult primary tumour will be discovered after endoscopic examination with biopsies of appropriate areas. At the Prince of Wales Hospital, 43 patients received treatment for metastatic neck lesions where no primary tumour was found before definitive treatment. These patients were divided into three groups. Seventeen patients had potentially curable neck tumours, while the remaining two groups were divided into those with incurable neck masses and those with supraclavicular nodes. The three-year survival rate for the potentially curable group was 64%. However, only one patient in the other two groups survived. Radiotherapy to the neck node and likely primary site is recommended as the main form of therapy for nodes up to 3 cm in diameter. For nodes greater than 3 cm, a combination of surgery and radiotherapy gives the best results. PMID- 713911 TI - Sinus arrhythmia in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Sinus arrhythmia, defined by means of a calculation of variance of the R-R interval on admission to hospital, was present in 73 of 176 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction. These patients had a lower hospital mortality. They tended to have a higher incidence of inferior infarction, and a lower incidence of anterior infarction, and to have smaller infarcts as measured by the Norris index. The main difference between patients with sinus arrhythmia and without sinus arrhythmia related to heart rates on admission to hospital, the patients with the former having slower heart rates at that time. PMID- 713912 TI - Systemic griseofulvin therapy of monilethrix. AB - After a report of clinical effectiveness, four adult patients with monilethrix were treated with griseofulvin for six months at an orally administered dose of 500 mg (microsize) per day. No objective or subjective improvement was observed. PMID- 713913 TI - Danazol--a new medical treatment for endometriosis. PMID- 713914 TI - Father has no say. PMID- 713915 TI - Jaw wiring for obesity. PMID- 713916 TI - Smoking and impairment of performance. PMID- 713917 TI - Queensland's rural practitioners: background and motivations. AB - In view of the continuing maldistribution of medical manpower, this study was undertaken in order to delineate the backgrounds and motivating factors influencing choice of practice by rural practitioners in Queensland. Of those doctors in rural practice 38% had spent more than 10 years of their childhood in a rural environment. Interest of work and variety of practice were most consistently designated as attractions of rural practice, while the factor designated as the greatest attraction of rural practice was the variety of practice. The major disadvantages of rural practice were: (i) restricted opportunities for continuing education; (ii) difficulty obtaining adequate locum assistance for holidays and continuing education; and (iii) professional isolation. The prime reasons doctors had for choosing their present practice were the practice conditions (31.3%), and geographical location (20.9%). PMID- 713918 TI - The obstetric content of general practice in Queensland. PMID- 713919 TI - Premature labour and salbutamol. PMID- 713920 TI - Syphilis in the Northern Territory. PMID- 713921 TI - Sleepy and hypotonic neonates. PMID- 713922 TI - Single-dose therapy in management of urinary tract infection. AB - A study was undertaken to determine whether single dose therapy for urinary infection can identify those patients who are likely to have underlying pathological changes of the renal tract, and, thus, those patients who need further investigation. Fifty-three patients (50 females, three males) with documented recurrent urinary tract infection, in whom the present infection was confirmed in two consecutive urine specimens, were studied. Patients received a single dose of 0.5 g kanamycin intramuscularly (or another antibiotic for kanamycin-resistant organisms), and urine was cultured daily over the following week. The original infecting organism was eradicated in 22 of the 37 patients (60%) who completed the study (urine clear at one week), but persisted or relapsed in 15. Bacteriuria disappeared within 24 hours in all but four patients, but both relapses and new infections were seen as early as 48 hours after treatment. Fifteen of 18 patients (83%) with radiologically normal renal tracts were successfully treated compared with only 6 of 16 patients (37%) with a radiological abnormality. Failure of single dose therapy to eradicate urinary infection is thus an indication for further investigation. PMID- 713923 TI - Functional pelviureteric junction obstruction. AB - A case of functional pelviureteric junction obstruction is reported and a radiological method for detecting this entity is described. The causes of this condition are described and the reasons for the appropriate treatment are given. PMID- 713924 TI - The significance of the Declaration of Helsinki. An interpretative commentary. PMID- 713925 TI - Is New Zealand medicine ailing? PMID- 713926 TI - Diabetes mellitus and fast-moving haemoglobin (FMH) PMID- 713927 TI - Febrile convulsions and DG translocation. PMID- 713928 TI - Doctors' opinions of the Feingold diet. PMID- 713929 TI - The 4-3-2-1 rule for anaesthesia. PMID- 713930 TI - Oral administration of erythromycin stearate: effect of dosage form on plasma levels. AB - The clinical effectiveness of three different oral dose forms of erythromycin stearate was assessed by following plasma levels during continued dosage. The assessment was carried out in 12 volunteers who took 250 mg of the drug every six hours in a cross-over design with intravenous administration of erythromycin lactobionate as a reference. While in some patients levels which were obtained after the initial dose were low, plasma levels sufficient to inhibit the majority of bacterial pathogens which cause acute respiratory tract infections were obtained and maintained after the second dose. PMID- 713931 TI - An open study of the antihypertensive efficacy of metoprolol. AB - An open study of the effectiveness of metoprolol in reducing the blood pressures of 13 hypertensive patients was conducted. It was found that metoprolol reduced the patients' blood pressure satisfactorily, and is well tolerated within the dose range of 100 mg to 400 mg daily. PMID- 713932 TI - Rhabdomyolysis and renal failure in acute mercuric chloride poisoning. AB - A case of acute renal failure after mercuric chloride poisoning is reported. Laboratory data revealed markedly elevated serum concentrations of aldolase and creatine phosphokinase, and the presence of pigment granular casts and myoglobin in the urine. The patient went into a diuretic phase after 12 days of oliguria and renal function returned to normal during the next 10 days. Besides direct nephrotoxicity, the contributory role of rhabdomyolysis in the pathogenesis of renal failure after mercuric chloride poisoning, has been stressed. PMID- 713933 TI - Rubella vaccination in Australia: 1. A five-year follow-up of vaccinated schoolgirls. AB - Schoolgirl rubella vaccination commenced in New South Wales in 1971. Serological follow up of 242 girls, four to five years after vaccination, showed that 9% of girls had missed the vaccination programme. Only 5% of vaccinees were still susceptible to rubella in comparison with 27% of unvaccinated male controls. The efficacy of the programme is thus well demonstrated. Screening for vaccine failures at the time of prescribing contraceptives is suggested as a means of detecting schoolgirl vaccine failures. It is noted that the first cohort of schoolgirl vaccinees has not yet reached the peak childbearing age range. PMID- 713934 TI - Combined microwave therapy. AB - Fifty-two cases of advanced head and neck cancer were treated by 434-MHz radiowave hyperthermia which was combined with cobalt radiotherapy and/or radioactive gold grain implant. Complete resolution of primary and secondary lesions occurred in 94% of cases, and the survival rate after three years was 54%. Retrospective study of comparable series revealed 62.5% resolution rate, and 29% survival after treatment with hyperbaric oxygen and cobalt, while after conventional supervoltage therapy, the resolution rate was 36.5%, and only 19% survived for three years. PMID- 713935 TI - Colchicine overdose. PMID- 713936 TI - Drug problems in Australia--an intoxicated society? PMID- 713937 TI - Cystic fibrosis screening in the newborn. PMID- 713938 TI - Studies on the nurse cells and oogenesis in the sea urchin ovary. I. Morphology of the nurse cell (light microscopy of epon serial section). PMID- 713939 TI - Studies on the nurse cells and oogenesis in the sea urchin ovary. II. Morphology of the nurse cell (TEM and SEM observations). PMID- 713940 TI - Assay of rat brain acetylcholine with a thin muscle strip of the Japanese medical leech. PMID- 713941 TI - A catalogue of histological preparations of the teleost brains. PMID- 713942 TI - Caudal projections of the habenular nuclei in cats: fibers from the lateral habenular nucleus. PMID- 713943 TI - The cytoarchitecture of the vestibular nuclei and central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the rabbit. PMID- 713944 TI - Effect of the orbital cortex stimulation on unitary activities in the sensory cortices. PMID- 713945 TI - The effect of the neonatal testosterone treatment on the postnatal cell formation of the rat brain. PMID- 713946 TI - Influence of hypothalamic stimulation upon the ultrastructure of the anterior pituitary gland. Part 4. Mammotrophs. PMID- 713947 TI - Neuroradiological significance of epidermoid tumors in the posterior fossa. PMID- 713948 TI - Changes of vital signs in advanced stage of acute brain swelling following head injury. PMID- 713949 TI - A study on cerebral blood flow autoregulation. PMID- 713950 TI - Paradoxical relations between tissue perfusion flow and intravascular flow in the brain foci of stroke patients. PMID- 713951 TI - Tuberous sclerosis with moyamoya disease. Case report. PMID- 713952 TI - Acupuncture anesthesia, waking suggestion and personality factors. PMID- 713953 TI - Epidemiological research on the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 713954 TI - [Arrhythmias. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 713955 TI - [Symmetric cerebral calcification associated with disturbed parathyroid function (author's transl)]. AB - Alteration of the metabolism of calcium and phosphate may be associated with symmetric cerebral calcification. Detailed investigations of the function of parathyroid glands including computer tomography of the brain are so far missing. In 6 patients with clinical and biochemical signs of altered function of the parathyroid glands symmetric cerebral calcification could be demonstrated by computer tomography. They are also visible by X-ray examination in one patient. Consequently, functional disturbances of the brain, cerebellum and of the extrapyramidal system may occur. Moreover, the combination of hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism also appears to result in the development of symmetric cerebral calcification. The pathogenesis of the calcification as well as therapeutic approaches will be discussed. PMID- 713957 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with biarison. Results of a double-blind study with placebo (author's transl)]. AB - The effectiveness of Biarison vs. placebo was compared in an inter-individual double-blind study on 30 hospitalized patients with possible, definitive and classical rheumatoid arthritis. The time of comparison was 3 weeks; the dose used 900 mg (up to maximally 1500 mg)/day. The clinical index and the index of activity according to Lansbury were improved with Biarison and with placebo. The superiority of Biarison could be confirmed statistically (p less than 0,01). The effectiveness of Biarison was shown in reference to parameters of pain (number of painful joints and intensity of joint pain, pain on motion and at rest). Biarison was essentially well tolerated. Side effects were all gastro-intestinal. In 3 patients adverse reactions were slight and subsided spontaneously when treatment was continued. In 2 individuals Biarison had to be withdrawn in the 3rd week of treatment. In the placebo group 3 patients were taken off treatment due to no therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 713956 TI - [Successful gastric ulcer treatment of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism with cimetidine (author's transl)]. AB - Case report on the successful gastric ulcer treatment of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism with the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. After four weeks of therapy with 0.8 g/d cimetidine stomal ulcerations were seen by x-rays and endoscopy to be healed. The patient was discharged on a regimen of 400 mg daily of oral cimetidine. Peptic ulcer did not recur after 1/2 year of treatment with this H2-receptor antagonist, although the signs of primary hyperparathyroidism were still present. PMID- 713959 TI - [New, non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac diseases]. PMID- 713960 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors]. PMID- 713958 TI - [Autoantibodies in vitiligo]. PMID- 713961 TI - [Automated analyses]. PMID- 713963 TI - ["Cell bank" for studies on aging]. PMID- 713962 TI - [Risk of cancer caused by the pill?]. PMID- 713964 TI - [Babies reared on mother's milk rarely have gastroenteritis]. PMID- 713965 TI - [Influenza vaccination]. PMID- 713966 TI - [Effect of reduction of impedance in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 713967 TI - Treatment of snakebite in the USA. PMID- 713968 TI - Around North America with mefenamic acid. PMID- 713970 TI - Aids for patients who want to stop smoking. PMID- 713969 TI - Bretylium (Bretylol) for ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 713971 TI - Evaluation of observer performance in detecting blood vessels on simulated angiographic images. AB - This paper presents methods for evaluating the effects of technical factors on observers' detection of small blood vessels in angiographic images. A fixed set of physical parameters was used to generate computer-simulated angiographs that contained blood vessels of various diameters. Observers' judgments about each set of images permitted estimation of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for vessel detection and of the probability of correctly locating the vessels. Both parametric and nonparametric methods were used to characterize the ROC curves. Three different, but theoretically related, measures of vessel detectability varied systematically with changes in the blood vessel's diameter, reflecting changes in observer performance. PMID- 713972 TI - Tissue mimicking materials for ultrasound phantoms. AB - Up until now, no material has been found whose attenuation and speed of sound properties not only mimic those of human soft tissue, but are controllable in magnitude. We have discovered such a material in the form of water-based pharmaceutical gels containing uniform distributions of graphite powder and known concentrations of alcohol. The magnitude of the attenuation coefficient can be controlled easily between 0.2 and 1.5 dB/cm at 1 MHz, by varying the concentration of graphite. These attenuation coefficients are nearly proportional to the frequency. The speed of sound varies between 1520 and 1650 m/s at room temperature, depending primarily upon the concentration of alcohol. Bacterial invasion has been prevented by sterilization procedures and the introduction of appropriate preservatives. The ultrasonic properties exhibit temporal stability and change little over the range of room temperatures. PMID- 713973 TI - Dynamic nuclear-medicine image display system using standard multiformatter images. AB - There is much interest in visualizing dynamic physiological function using nuclear-medicine techniques. In particular, these methods are used in cardiac studies, but it is likely that many other functions will be better visualized with cinematographic-type displays. A new instrument is described which takes a sequence of images, records on a single sheet of film by standard formatting devices and, by means of digitally controlled mirrors, projects them in rapid sequence onto a screen to produce the dynamic movie display. PMID- 713974 TI - Importance of geometry in biological sample analysis by x-ray fluorescence. AB - The determining factors of a good analysis by x-ray fluorescence are discussed, emphasizing the importance of the geometrical arrangement, especially the excitation-source to analysis-material distance. The variation of the peak area of the Kalpha x-ray of Fe is evaluated as a function of the distance. Precautions are given for the analysis of low concentration samples as well as for obtaining the relative concentration of an element in a specific material or organ. PMID- 713975 TI - Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of neuroblastoma tumor. AB - In the application of hyperthermia to cancer management, it would be useful to know the temperature/tim profile of heated tissues, including the tumor and surrounding normal structures. To obtain this information, knowledge of thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the tissues is required. The thermal conductivity of neuroblastoma was determined by a transient technique to be 89% of the thermal conductivity of water at 25 degrees, 37 degrees, and 44 degrees C. From the latter measurements, the thermal diffusivity of neuroblastoma cells was estimated as 93% of the thermal diffusivity for water. Further, in this study of neuroblastoma cells, the water content was measured as 87.4 g/100 ml of cells, a rather high value not atypical of tumor cells. From literature values of density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity, values for the thermal diffusivity of a variety of normal tissues were estimated. The thermal diffusivity values of normal tissues and neuroblastoma cells exhibit an excellent correlation with water content. PMID- 713976 TI - Monte Carlo calculation of the wall correction factors for ionization chambers and Aeq for 60Co gamma rays. AB - The application of cavity-ionization chambers to the standadization of 60Co gamma ray beams, in terms of exposure, requires that the specific ionization of air Jg, be corrected for the attenuation and scatter of the incident rays by the wall, central electrode, and supporting stem of the chamber. A Monte Carlo photon electron transport code has been developed for the purpose of calculating this correction for spherical and cylindrical chambers. The code has been applied to a spherical graphite chamber having dimensions typical of the chambers used by the NBS, the calculated wall-correction factor is in close agreement with the average of the NBS factors which were determined experimentally. The code was also used to calculate Aeq, which is central to the determination of tissue-air ratios. The calculated value, 0.989 +/- 0.003, is very close to the generally accepted value, 0.985. PMID- 713977 TI - Relation between tolerance dose and treatment field size in radiotherapy. AB - A relation is developed between tolerance dose and field size from an analysis of available clinical data on skin-tolerance doses for various treatment field sizes in radiotherapy. It is shown that plots of log-dose against log-field-size for various fractionation schedules give isoeffect lines all having approximately the same slope. This suggests a power law relation between tolerance dose and field size. A generalized form of NSD equation, incorporating the field-size dependence of tolerance dose, is shown to follow naturally when this new relation is combined with Ellis' NSD relation. Certain discrepancies between the sets of data used in the present analysis are pointed out and it is suggested that more data are needed before the generalized NSD relation can be applied under varying conditions of dose, time, fractionation, and field size. PMID- 713978 TI - Nationwide evaluation of 60Co teletherapy calibrations. AB - As a result of a reported incident which resulted in the unintended overexposure of several hundred patients, teletherapy installations throughout the United States were evaluated to verify the accuracy of teletherapy equipment calibrations. Selected licensees received TLDs for exposure under specified conditions. Site visits were made to each licensee showing an apparent discrepancy greater than +/- 5% and intercomparison measurements made. This paper describes results of a sampling of 373 teletherapy licensees and the success of site visits in reducing final discrepancies to less than +/- 5%. TLD and site visit measurement techniques, results, comparison with data from other studies, and possible sources of uncertainty in the management of a large-scale screening program are discussed. PMID- 713979 TI - Determination of radiographic screen-film system characteristic curve and its gradient by use of a curve-smoothing technique. AB - One of the important factors affecting radiographic image quality is the film contrast of the recording system, which may be expressed by the gradient of its H & D curve. Experimental determinations of H & D curves are subject to relatively small error, which can nevertheless cause large fluctuations and uncertainties in the calculated gradient. To reduce this fluctuation, we wrote a computer program for orthogonal-polynomial (discrete Legendre polynomials) curve fitting by means of least-squares estimation of parameters. This procedure facilitates curve smoothing and gradient computation following sensitometric measurements. The program was tested against a large number of measured characteristic curves. A brief description of the program is given, with examples which illustrate its applications. PMID- 713980 TI - Epoxy-resin-based tissue substitutes. PMID- 713981 TI - 60Co dosimetry. PMID- 713982 TI - Modification proposed for the AECL Theratron-80 cobalt 60 teletherapy unit. PMID- 713983 TI - Hair. PMID- 713984 TI - Examination of the arthritic patient. PMID- 713985 TI - Mechanisms of rapid entry into the system. PMID- 713986 TI - Brain death. Concept and criteria. PMID- 713987 TI - Conversation with Mr. Carl N. Platou, president of Fairview Community Hospitals. Interview by Dr. Richard Reece. PMID- 713988 TI - Arthrography of the temporomandibular joint in patients with the TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 713989 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis as a systemic disease. PMID- 713990 TI - Not all births are "blessed events": legal perils of vasectomy. PMID- 713991 TI - Experiences with inborn errors of metabolism. PMID- 713992 TI - Diagnosis of thrombophlebitis in the lower extremity. PMID- 713993 TI - Pain at the base of the thumb. PMID- 713994 TI - Colitis cystica profounda. Case report. PMID- 713995 TI - Neoplastic potential of the dysgenetic gonad. Case report. PMID- 713996 TI - Pain experienced during abortion has a strong psychological component. PMID- 713997 TI - Cleidocranial dysostosis: a report of two cases. PMID- 713999 TI - A simplified approach to reading X-rays of the heart. PMID- 713998 TI - Metabolic sequelae of oral contraceptives. PMID- 714000 TI - Steroid therapy in cardiac conduction disturbances in children with diptheria. PMID- 714001 TI - Nomograms for forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity in normal Cantonese subjects. PMID- 714002 TI - Persistent pain in children: how to find the non-organic causes. PMID- 714003 TI - Drug induced elevation of creatine phosphokinase. PMID- 714004 TI - Cardiac arrest in a young patient: what was the final cause? PMID- 714006 TI - Brand X. PMID- 714005 TI - But they never warned me! PMID- 714007 TI - Cryotherapy for animals. AB - The advisability of using cold depends on the character and stage of the pathologic change, the therapist's knowledge of the patient's condition, and an understanding of how cold affects tissues. Cold is simple to use, requires no expensive special equipment, relieves pain, and helps to control acute and chronic stages of inflammation. Combined with other therapeutic procedures, it is a valuable addition to the treatment regimen. PMID- 714009 TI - Bovine practice: teat surgery. PMID- 714008 TI - Feline cystitis, urethritis, urethral obstruction syndrome. Part IV: adverse drug reactions; client education. PMID- 714010 TI - Eyelid tumor in a parakeet. PMID- 714011 TI - Adverse drug reactions: A tabular summary of adverse reactions to drugs commonly used in practice. PMID- 714012 TI - The equine practitioner. Tetanus: case report. PMID- 714013 TI - The antelyes touch: TM (Threshold Medicine). PMID- 714014 TI - Panel report: non-infectious diseases of sheep. PMID- 714015 TI - Restriction endonuclease mapping of pSC101 and pMB9. AB - A restriction endonuclease analysis of the plasmids pSC101 and pMB9 has allowed a determination of the alterations that occurred in the tetracycline resistance locus during the construction of pMB9 from pSC101. The genes for four of the polypeptides involved in tetracycline resistance have been positioned on the restriction endonuclease map of pSC101. PMID- 714016 TI - Circular molecules of heterogeneous size from mitochondrial fractions of the petite-negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Size and shape of mitochondrial DNA molecules of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were analyzed by electron microscopy. Besides numerous linear molecules, circular molecules ranging from 0.83 micron to 12.81 micron were found. Depending on the method of preparation, both closed and open circular molecules were found. Most of the circular molecules could be assigned to five major size classes of 0.83 +/ 0.05 micron, 1.7 +/- 0.05 micron, 4.74 +/- 0.04 micron, 5.74 +/- 0.04 micron, and 8.32 +/- 0.07 micron. Possible explanations for the different size classes of mitochondrial DNA molecules are discussed. PMID- 714017 TI - Extrachromosomal inheritance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. VII. Studies by zygote clone analysis on transmission, segregation, recombination, and uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial markers conferring resistance to antimycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. AB - Crosses involving mitochondrial markers conferring resistance to antimycin (anar, AR), chloramphenicol (capr, CR), and erythromycin (eryr, ER) in cis- and trans configuration were studied by zygote clone analysis. Mutant anar-8, from which all other drug--resistant isolates were derived, exhibits a highly biased transmission (6.8% anar) in an analysis of 100 individual zygote clones. Important results of zygote clone analyses were:--Zygote clones may contain one, two, three, or four mitochondrial genotypes.--The proportion of the two parental and the two recombinant genotypes in individual zygote clones can vary almost over the entire range of percentages.--Proportions of the two corresponding recombinant types in individual clones are usually unequal.--Transmission rates of markers are higher in trans- than in cis-crosses, indicating additivity of bias by two mutated alleles in coupling.--Transmission rates are different for the three markers both in cis- and trans-crosses, being lowest for CR and highest for ER.--Up to more than 80% uniform clones, expressing only one genotype, can be produced in cis- and trans-crosses. In cis-crosses always the double-sensitive parental type becomes uniform, in trans-crosses this may be the case for parental and/or recombinant genotypes. A tentative map is presented using data from cis- and trans-crosses, including a correction by omission of uniform clones. Phenomena of transmission, segregation, and formation of uniform clones are discussed with special regard to the difference brought about by fission versus budding. A comparison with relevant data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other organisms is presented. PMID- 714018 TI - Extrachromosomal inheritance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. VIII. Extent of cytoplasmic mixing in zygotes estimated by tetrad analysis of crosses involving mitochondrial markers conferring resistance to antimycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. PMID- 714019 TI - Ant-mediated transactivation of early genes in Salmonella prophage P22 by superinfecting virulent P22 mutants. AB - The virulent mutants P22 virB vy and P22 vy mutants, both insensitive to mnt repressor, transactivate the early genes of a P22 prophage. The transactivation of early P22 prophage genes depends strictly on the expression of gene ant ("antirepressor"-protein) by the superinfecting P22 mutant and therefore occurs by derepression. PMID- 714020 TI - Structure of recombinant plasmids containing synthetic human foetal globin gene sequences. AB - In vitro synthesized duplex DNA complementary to human foetal globin messenger RNA was integrated into bacterial plasmids and amplified by transformation of Escherichia coli. Recombinants carrying globin DNA were identified by hybridization of foetal globin messenger RNA to bacterial DNA in situ and by liquid hybridization of purified plasmids to specific globin complementary DNA probes. Heteroduplex mapping revealed either a simple insertion loop at the position of the EcoRI site of the parental plasmid DNA. We provide evidence to suggest that these deletions are the result of a site-specific nicking activity of the EcoRI preparations used in the formation of recombinant plasmids. PMID- 714021 TI - The binding of agonists to brain muscarinic receptors. PMID- 714022 TI - The binding of antagonists to brain muscarinic receptors. PMID- 714023 TI - Structure-activity relationship in a new series of atropine analogs. II. The effect of an asymmetric N-substituent on the antimuscarinic activity. PMID- 714024 TI - Adenylate cyclase from Fasciola hepatica. 1. Ligand specificity of adenylate cyclase-coupled serotonin receptors. PMID- 714025 TI - Ionic and nucleotide cofactor requirements for uptake of [3H]norepinephrine by rat brain synaptic vesicle preparations. PMID- 714026 TI - Effects of benzodiazepines on the transport of sugars and ions in rat skeletal muscle in vitro. PMID- 714027 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in female rat liver. Evidence for de novo synthesis of cytochrome P-448. PMID- 714028 TI - Alterations in hepatic heme biosynthetic capability and mixed function oxidase activity during ethionine exposure in rats. PMID- 714029 TI - Microsomal metabolism of benzene to species irreversibly binding to microsomal protein and effects of modifications of this metabolism. PMID- 714030 TI - Genetic variation in N-acetylation of carcinogenic arylamines by human and rabbit liver. PMID- 714031 TI - Pressure resolves two sites of action of inert gases. PMID- 714032 TI - [Feasibility of peer review]. PMID- 714033 TI - [Psychiatry and human dignity. Remarks on the function of medical ethics]. PMID- 714034 TI - [Questions of medical ethics in psychiatric research. Outline for laying a general foundation]. PMID- 714035 TI - [Comments from the viewpoint of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)]. PMID- 714036 TI - [Attempt at a summary. Ethical and judicial problems of psychiatric therapy research]. PMID- 714037 TI - [Scientific investigation of the social aspect of psychiatric therapy]. PMID- 714038 TI - [Problems in scientific research on psychotherapy with special consideration of ethical questions]. PMID- 714039 TI - [Ethical and legal problems of medical experiments on humans. Comparative consideration of American "human experimentation" and German medical research]. PMID- 714040 TI - [International interdependence of new German pharmaceutical laws]. PMID- 714041 TI - [Drug law and medical responsibility]. PMID- 714042 TI - [Importance of local review committees (institutional review boards) for the protection of experimental subjects]. PMID- 714043 TI - [Peculiar secretory activity of endometrial cancer cells during progestational therapy]. AB - Effect of progestagen-norsteroids on the cells of endometrial carcinoma was studied. It was established that as an effect of treatment with large doses of progestagen (100 mg/day) in about 4--6 weeks carcinoma cells show a peculiar increased secretory activity. It seems likely, that this secretory activity proceeds on the account of the growth-potencial of tumour cells. Thus, as a result the growth of the tumour ceases, or in optimal cases stops. PMID- 714044 TI - [Ultrastructure of the thymus and neuromuscular junction in myasthenic and non myasthenic patients]. AB - Ultrastructural changes in 35 neuromuscular junctions taken from myasthenic patients (in 2 cases: hyperplasia of the thymus, in 1 case: epithelial thymoma was present) treated with anticholinesterase during 1--2 years, appeared to be similar to those observed in non-myasthenic patients with lymphoid thymoma (getting no treatment with anticholinesterase). Number of the secretory granules in the epithelial cells of the thymus was in accordance with the severity of the disease. It can be assumed, that in the disturbance of the neuro-muscular transmission of the stimuli the activation of the epithelial cells may play a part. PMID- 714045 TI - [Current data on toluene toxicity based on liver biopsy studies]. AB - Authors in 1968 performing the periodoc observation of persons, working in toluene-containing athmosphera noticed the presence of hepatomegaly. Laboratory tests performed in 1968--1976 have revealed increase of the level of GOT. At 22 workers out of 170 liver biopsy was performed. By electron microscopy pathologic alterations in the mitochondria and in the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum could be observed, -since these organella contain the two-third of the GOT of hepatocytes. It is assumed that mitochondria as sources of energy take part in the process of the oxydation of toulene, ribosomes of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the conjugation of benzoic-acid with glycine. Authors assume that there is a correlation between the damage of the organella and the detoxication of the toluene by hepatocytes. PMID- 714046 TI - [Postmortem studies on Prodectin]. AB - Author described a new method for the postmortem investigation of the active component of a new medicament Prodectin. For the extraction of it from the organs acetic-alcoholic methode was used. Isolation and quantitative determination of the subtance was carried out by layer-chromatography, quantitative determination by UV-sectrophotometry. The distribution of the substance in organs was also investigated. PMID- 714047 TI - [Morphological base of Renshaw inhibition studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry. Topograhic analysis of AChE-positive Renshaw elements]. AB - Light- and electron microscopic structure of Renshaw elements--morphologic representatives of the recurrent spinal inhibition--was investigated by histochemical localization of AChE. Renshaw elements are spindle-shaped segments of the dendrites of the Renshaw cells and endings of the axoncollaterals of AChE positive motoneurons are situated on them. Examination of serial sections of the L5-segment of the cat spinal cord revealed that the majority of Renshaw elements and the dendrit-arborization of interneurons of 3. type described by MATSUSHITA are lokalized in the same region. The fact that Renshaw elements in greatest amount could be found in that region of the anterior horn, where the Renshaw inhibition can be electrophysiologically elicited, seems to evidence they role in the latter. PMID- 714048 TI - [Experimental studies on the compression resistance of the head with special reference to the mechanism of fractures in traffic accidents]. AB - Compressional resistance of the head and its role in the mechanism of fractures in traffic accidents were studied in five formalin-fixed heads. Before and after the experiment X-ray examination was carried out. Because of the variability of fractures coming into being, it was difficult to distinguish definite types. Nevertheless, experimentally produced fractures appeared to be nearly the same, as those seen in clinical practice. PMID- 714049 TI - [Medical malpractice--birth injuries incompatible with life]. PMID- 714050 TI - [Ultrastructure of the mouth mucosa in various types of oral leukoplakia]. AB - 12 cases of laukoplakia of the oral cavity was studied by electron microscopy. A correlation between the clinical type, histological- and ultrastructure of the leukoplakia was revealed. In types of leukoplakia simplex and verrucosa, where histologically cornification was found, by electron microscopy signs of keratinization (tonifibrils, granules of keratohyalin) were to be observed. In leukoplakias clinically showing erosions, histologically dysplasia, ultrastructural changes were alike those, seen in some carcinomas. PMID- 714051 TI - [The role of mastocytes in the development of the adrenergic innervation of the iris]. AB - During the development of the primary adrenerg-plexus in the rat iris presence of mastocytes showing intensive fluorescence can be observed using the method of Falck. After the formation of the primary plexus this phenomenon disappears. By electron microscopy in the early period of the postnatal life authors demonstrated the presence of mastocytes closely related to developing neurofibrils and Schwann-cells. In these mastocytes signs of degranulation were to be observed. On the base of the latter finding one can assume, that substances deliberated from the granules may play a part in the regulation of the development of innervation. PMID- 714052 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the liver and leukocytes of a child with Niemann-Pick disease]. AB - Morphological findings in Niemann-Pick disease of an infant are described. By electron microscopy in the cytoplasma of leukocytes and hepatocytes mostly moderaty electrodense unmature lipid-containing cytosomes were seen. Morphological alterations found in the leukocytes and hepatocytes in contrast to the earlier findings appeared to be similar. Authors stress the importance of electron microscopic investigation of peripheric leukocytes. PMID- 714053 TI - [Miltinuclear spermatides observed in varicocele]. AB - Author in the histologically normal testis of a patient aged 31 suffering of varicocele by electron microscopy revealed the presence of polynuclear spermatids and spermiums, i.e. disturbance of the spermiogenesis. The cause of this phenomenon has to be cleared by further studies. PMID- 714054 TI - [Effect of long-term progestational treatment on the course of endometrial adenocarcinoma]. AB - Author studied the effect of prolonged--6-8 month--treatment with Hormofort on the cells of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Light- and electronmicroscopic studies show, that after the treatment with progestative hormones cells of the adenocarcinoma seems significantly regrediate and simultaneously clinical remission can be observed. These data suggest, that progestative-norsteroids seems to elicit "cytostatic" effect on the endometrical tumour cells. PMID- 714055 TI - [Human uterine tubes studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy]. AB - Six human uterine tube were studied by scanning-and transmission electron microscopy. Ciliated epithelium and epithelium covered by microvilli could be identified by both method. In the area of the fimbriae the majority of cells appeared to be ciliated epithelium, but near to the uterus their number decreased. At every part of the uterine tube cells of the ciliated epithelium were situated deeper than cells covered by microvilli. In the age group studied (20-45 year) no age-dependent differences in the structure of the mucosa or in the number of the different cells could be revealed. PMID- 714056 TI - [Fine structure studies in the lungs of infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome]. AB - Authors studied ultrathin cestions of lung of ten newborns died of IRDS in the various stage of the disease. It was established that lamellar bodies are already formed in the initial phase of the disease. In the first two clinical phases by pneumocytes type II structure of the intracytoplasmic and intaraalveolar lamellar bodies differs from the normal, and they can not form air-cell interphase. In the third clinical phase--in the phase of the resolution-mature lamellar bodies of normal structure are formed and get into the alveolar space, thus the condition of formation of air-cell interphase is given. PMID- 714057 TI - [Functional morphology of Peyer's patches. Lymphocyte activation in Peyer's patches]. AB - Peyer plaques of rats were studied by morphological methods in order to compare the structure of these organs with the present theories on their function. It was established that near to the follicules of plaques folds perpendicular to the intestinal passage are formed, which are able to direct a part of the bowel contents into the direction of the follicules. Between the surface of the follicules and large intestinal villi recesses are formed, in which stagnation of the intestinal content takes place. As a result of this antigens and mitogens containing in the intestinal lumen can contact lymphoid cells of through the special epithelial cells the Peyer-plaques. The latter were recently studied by polarized light too, since earlier studies of the authors have shown that birefringence of these cells depends on their functional state. Authors disclosed that birefringence of the cells of the Peyer-plaques is significantly stronger, than that of the cells of spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus. Cells with increased birefringence are situated on the epithelial side of the capsule of follicules. Reported studies evidence, that Peyer-plaques are structures specialized for incorporation of antigens. Lymphoid cells of Peyer-plaques are activated by effects coming from the intestinal lumen. PMID- 714058 TI - [Histological, ECG and enzyme studies on dogs following direct current shock applied to the heart region]. AB - Authors using D.C. (direct current)--have produced shock experimentally- at 28 dogs. In the control animals (8 dogs) no histological, EKG and enzymatic changes could be revealed. In the dogs after the application of D.C of 1 X 2.5 W. sec/kg histological and EKG changes were not revealed, although the level of GOT and CPK increased significantly. After the application of D.C. of 4 X 5 W. sec/kg significant increase of the level of the following enzymes occurred: GOT, isoenzyme- LDH5, total-LDH and CPK. In 7 dogs--out of 8 showing histological changes in the myocard--activity of the serum isoenzyme-LDH1 increased and alterations of the EKG occurred. Thoracic musculature of six experimental dogs was investigated histologically. All of them revealed pathological changes. Correlation between the level of the isoenzyme- LDH1, the histological and EKG alterations were found. Increase of the level of serum enzymes seems to be the consequence of the injury of the thoracic-musculature by D.C. shock, and has clinical significance only in cases when pathologic changes of the EKG and increase of the insoenzyme-LDH1 are also present. PMID- 714059 TI - [Quantitative morphological studies on the zoma glomerulosa of the rat adrenal gland. I. Basic principles of stereology]. AB - Quantitative morphological study of the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal was carried out. Basic principles of the method used are reviewed. The most important stereological methods and correlations described in the literature and used for the study of quantitative relations of the stereological structure on two dimensional microscopic pictures are discussed. PMID- 714060 TI - [Quantitative morphological studies on the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal gland. II. Effect of potassium and heparin on the zona glomerulosa]. AB - Authors studied the effect of potassium and heparin on the zona glomerulosa of rats by stereological methods. As the effect of potassium tolerance test the weight of the adrenals, the wideness and volume of the zona glomerulosa, the number and the volume of the cells of it, further the volume of the mitochondria and nuclei in each cell have shown significant increase. After treatment with heparin the wideness of the zona glomerulosa and the volume of the mitochondria appeared to be decreased. Results are in accordance with the aldosterone-level increasing effect of potassium and with the antialdosteron effect of the heparin. PMID- 714062 TI - [Analysis of banknotes after being hidden in the vagina]. PMID- 714061 TI - [Liver adenoma, causing fatal abdominal hemorrhage, after prolonged administration of oral contraceptives]. AB - One case of hepatic adenoma is reported. The tumour occurred after seven years of uninterrupted use of anticonceptive pills and caused fatal abdominal haemorrhage. The adenoma had a connective tissue capsule and regular lobular structure in which at some area peliosis could be observed. In the liver, in several area focal deposites of PAS-positive material occurred. PMID- 714063 TI - [Ketamine-induced ultrastructural changes in the retina]. AB - Alterations of the retina caused by ketamin were studied in experiment. After a 60-minutes monoanaesthesia with ketamin ultrastructural changes were observed on the inner members of receptor cells, in the three nuclear layers and in the layer of nerve fibres. Severe damage to the structure of the Muller's glial cells providing nutrition to neural-elements was also revealed. Three days after the anaesthesia beside the regression of these alterations, glycogen deposits could be seen in the Muller's cells. This phenomenon and some side effects caused by ketamin can be explained by increased utilization of oxygen and relative hypoxia. PMID- 714064 TI - [Plasmoblastic and immunoblastic sarcoma. Differentiation of immunoglobulin producing tumors (myeoloma multiplex, plasmacytoma)]. AB - In the Department of the Pathology of the University of Pecs in 1953--1977 autopsy of 58 cases of myeloma multiplex (MM) and plasmacytoma (P) was performed and among them 4 cases of sarcoma was found. In the material of the Cytologic Center of the Academical Commission of Pecs two more cases of sarcoma occurred. According to the authors findings in the MM-autopsy material (I) in addition to the frequent "plasmocytic-plasmoblastic MM" in a few number (II) immunoblastic tumours could also be seen (immunoblastic MM). "Immunoblastic MM" disseminates more frequently (lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, liver) and the patients die earlier than in cases of "plasmocytic-plasmoblastic MM". Since sarcomatous changes appear to be polymorph and disseminated, for the reliable diagnosis examination of tissue specimens taken from several parts of the tumour is necessary. Recent data and the authors studies show, that immunoglobulin-producing tumours differ each other according to the degree of maturity of plasma cells PMID- 714065 TI - [A case of esthesioneuroma]. PMID- 714066 TI - [Klinefelter's syndrome as cause for excluding paternity]. AB - Authors as legal experts by chromosomal study and testis biopsy revealed the presence of Klinefelter's syndrome. On the base of these findings the paternity of the man in question was excluded. Authors stress the importance of the studies of chromosomes in the forensic medical practice. PMID- 714067 TI - [Morphological data on gerontostomatology]. AB - On the base of the study of serial histological sections, freezed-sections and special bone-praeparates senile alterations of the structure of the palatine mucosa and the mandibular bones are discussed, with special regard on the gerontostomatological aspects. After the loss of the teeth the structure of the connective tissue of the gingiva diappears, in the processus alveolaris develops fibrosis. The glandular tissue of individual extension on the edges shows regression. Thickening of the epithelium in some area can be seen. The lamina propria in the anterior third is very thick in the pharyngeal part becomes thinner. Alveolar processes of the maxilla show signs of involution and atrophy of disuse, with a number of defects and assymetries on the palate. On the macrorelief of the mandibula characteristic changes can be observed: in the region of the corpus eburneationg and osteosclerosis of the spongiosa can be revealed. PMID- 714068 TI - [Correlation between histological picture, tumor size and age in cancer of the uterine cervix]. AB - Correlation of the histological structure and spreading of the tumour with the age of the patient in the cervix-cancer was studied at 3357 patients. Most of the cases occurred in the 5th decade of the life, independently of the histological type of the cancer. Adenocarcinomas were seen considerably often in elderly ages. Cervix cancer of the III. and IV. stage were more frequent in elderly ages as well. In advanced stages the number of cases of carcinoma planocellulare increased, and the number of anaplastic and adenocarcinomas decreased. PMID- 714069 TI - [Sudden death after "home electrotherapy"]. PMID- 714070 TI - Mutagenicity tests with styrene oxide in mammals. AB - The capability of styrene oxide to induce chromosome damage in vivo has been tested in the male mouse by examination of bone-marrow cells, by scoring micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes, by observation of meiotic chromosomes from treated males and by the dominant-lethality test. Furthermore, studies have been performed on short-term cultures of human lymphocytes in vitro. Whereas an increase in the yield of chromatid and chromosomal aberrations was observed after exposure in vitro, only negative results were obtained in the tests in vivo. One has, therefore, to conclude that styrene oxide is potentially capable of breaking mammalian chromosomes but that an exposure to an acute dose in vivo does not produce visible damage in somatic cells or in male germ cells. PMID- 714071 TI - Induction of long-lived chromosome damage, as manifested by sister-chromatid exchange, in lymphocytes of animals exposed to mitomycin-C. AB - The cytogenetic effects of repeated vs. acute exposure to a chemical mutagen- carcinogen were determined with an in vivo system in which chemicals injected into rabbits induce sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). SCE induction can be monitored when the animal's peripheral lymphocytes are cultured in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and then scored for SCE frequency. Mitomycin-C (MMC), 0.5 mg/kg, was injected intraperitoneally once a week for 8 weeks. This treatment initially induced small increases in SCE frequency within one day of injection, followed by a return to control levels within 1 week. After the 4th injection, however, the frequency failed to return to normal. After the 5th injection, however it showed a 4-fold increase over the control which was sustained for the remaining 3 weeks of treatment and for an additional 2 weeks thereafter. The frequency then dropped to twice the control value and remained at this level for more than 4 months. All of the high SCE values after the first 4 weeks were due in part to the appearance and persistence of a population of cells with high SCE frequencies. Exposure to the same total dose given as a single injection resulted in a transient elevation in the SCE frequency and a subsequent return to lower values, with no evidence of a delayed effect such as the increase observed after 4 weeks in repeatedly exposed animals. Overall, repeated exposure is at least as effective as acute exposure in eliciting long-lived SCEs in vivo. PMID- 714072 TI - Effects of LSD on human chromosomes. AB - A number of positive and negative studies have been reported with regard to the damaging effects of LSD on human chromosomes. The present report describes a comparative study of cytogenetic analyses of 200 metaphases of lymphocytes from each of 6 subjects (3 males, 3 females) at varying concentrations of LSD, along with a positive control with mitomycin C and a negative control with sterile water. Results of a small pilot study on the effects of LSD on growth, macromolecular synthesis, mutation, and recombination in bacteria, lambda phage and mammalian cells are also included. The data failed to show any significant differences between chromosome aberrations and LSD. Significant changes in somatic cells and in chromosomes occurred only at high doses of LSD. PMID- 714073 TI - Caffeine inhibition of prereplication repair of mitomycin C-induced DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes. AB - Caffeine increases the number of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) induced by mitomycin C (MMC) in human peripheral lymphocytes in culture. This enhancement decreases when the treated cells are held in medium before phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, or when caffeine is added to cultures some time after PHA stimulation but prior to DNA synthesis. There thus appears to be a caffeine sensitive prereplication repair system, presumably an excision mechanism, capable of repairing a fraction of the MMC-induced DNA lesions. PMID- 714074 TI - The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells by prolonged exposure to 2-acetylaminofluorene and S-9 mix. PMID- 714075 TI - Cytogenetic test of captan in mouse bone marrow. PMID- 714076 TI - Acetaldehyde induces cross-links in DNA and causes sister-chromatid exchanges in human cells. PMID- 714077 TI - Factors affecting the induction of micronuclei at low doses of X-rays, MMS and dimethylnitrosamine in mouse erythroblasts. AB - In erythrocytes from mouse bone marrow the time schedule of micronucleus formation in relation to the last DNA synthesis was investigate by [3H]thymidine labelling in the autoradiographic technique. The results suggest that micronuclei can be produced both in the G 2 and S periods by X-irradiation. Furthermore, X rays had a delaying effect on the cell cycle leading to a pronounced under estimation of the dose-effect curve at higher dosages. Even when the cells were harvested as late as 30 h after irradiation, the full effect had most likely not yet appeared at dosages over 100 rad. Combined treatment with caffeine did not influence the dose-effect curve of X-rays, indicating no influence of a caffeine sensitive repair mechanism. The induction of micronuclei by MMS, in contrast with the effect of X-rays, seems to have been restricted, at least predominantly, to the period of DNA synthesis. The dose-effect relation of MMS was characterized by a threshold giving a weaker effect than expected at low doses. Pretreatment with caffeine enhanced the effect of MMS at high but not at low doses, suggesting an error-free repair process operating at low doses and an error-prone and caffeine sensitive repair at higher doses. The extent of alkylation in the bone-marrow cells was linear with respect to injected dose of MMS both in the presence and absence of caffeine. Pretreatment with phenobarbital reduced the effect of MMS sixfold, which can be explained by a reduction of alkylation found in the bone marrow. This result is in agreement with the enhanced excretion of MMS or its metabolites into urine and bile after pretreatment of the mice with phenobarbital. DMN had no measurable effect on the frequency of micronuclei. However, in the presence of caffeine a significant effect was observed, which was roughly of the same magnitude for the two dosages used. Pretreatment with phenobarbital also indicated a synergistic effect between DMN and phenobarbital. The treatment with DMN, phenobarbital and caffeine together gave a frequency of micronuclei not different from the control level, suggesting some antagonistic action between phenobarbital and caffeine. The indication that DMN is caffeine sensitive at low dosages, whereas MMS is not, might be related to the difference in the alkylating properties of these chemicals. PMID- 714078 TI - The effect of the mode of administration of nitrogen mustard and cytosine arabinoside on the production of chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow and ascites tumour cells. AB - The cytogenetic effects of intraperitoneally (i.p.) and subcutaneously (s.c.) administered nitrogen mustard (HN2) and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) on bone marrow and ascites tumour cells of mice were studied. Ehrlich ascites tumour bearing mice were treated with the mutagens, and cytological preparations were made from ascites tumour and bone-marrow cells of the same animal. The following parameters were investigated: frequencies of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations, time of aberration maxima and aberration spectra. HN2 (0.68 mg/kg b.w.), when given i.p., induced in ascites tumour cells a strong inhibition of mitotic frequency and very high aberration rates, whereas in bone marrow no aberrant chromosomes were observed. On the other hand, after s.c. administration, the same dose induced more aberrant metaphases in bone marrow than in tumour cells. Ara-C (315 mg/kg b.w.) resulted, after s.c. administration, in higher aberration frequencies both in ascites and bone-marrow cells compared with i.p. treatment. All ascites tumour cells showed higher aberration requencies than bone-marrow cells. In bone marrow the aberration maximum occurred as soon as 6 h after treatment. Furthermore, clear differences with respect ot the types of aberration found in the two systems were evident. The differences caused by the different modes of administration in two different types of cell are discussed in terms of metabolic inactivation and differences of the two tissues with respect to karyotype, cell cycle time and repair capacity. PMID- 714079 TI - Cytogenetic effects of cis-platinum(II)diamminedichloride on human lymphocyte cultures. AB - Human lymphocytes were treated with the antitumor agent cis platinum)II)diamminedichloride (PDD) during either the last 24 h or 48 h of incubation. A dose-dependent effect was observed for both inhibition of mitotic activity and increased frequency of metaphases with chromosomal aberrations. The aberrations observed consisted primarily of chromatid breaks. Statistical analysis of 3244 PDD-induced breakpoints demonstrated a significantly nonrandom distribution of breakpoints between chromosomes. The pattern of distribution varied with the type of aberration. Only chromosome number 9 had a significant increase of breakpoints for each type of aberration analyzed. The breakpoints were located predominantly in lightly staining G-gands. Certain individual bands had relatively high frequencies of breakpoints, indicating a specific interaciton occurs between PDD and the DNA of human lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 714080 TI - Antibodies to type II collagen in relapsing polychondritis. AB - Relapsing polychondritis is a disorder of unknown cause characterized by the destruction of cartilage. To test the hypothesis that immunologic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis, we analyzed the serum of 15 patients for the presence of antibodies to cartilage. Antibodies to Type II (cartilage) collagen were found in the serum of five patients at the time of acute symptoms. No antibodies were detected either to cartilage proteoglycan or to other collagen types. The antibodies were detected at the onset of the disease and their titers appeared to correlate with severity of disease. Circulating immune complexes were also detected in the serum of these patients. Our findings support an immunologic involvement in this condition. PMID- 714081 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 47-1978. PMID- 714082 TI - The management of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 714083 TI - Sounding board. The specter of decrepitude. PMID- 714084 TI - Calcitonin secretion by a pancreatic somatostatinoma. PMID- 714085 TI - Partial splenectomy in staging for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 714086 TI - Hair dyes and breast cancer. PMID- 714087 TI - Correlation of the hepatitis B surface and e antigens. PMID- 714088 TI - Hepatitis B immune globulin. PMID- 714089 TI - Legionnaires' disease and other causes of intra-alveolar pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 714090 TI - Demonstration of giardia in duodenal fluid by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 714091 TI - Sudden death in bundle-branch block. PMID- 714092 TI - Is cardiac electrophysiologic study necessary? PMID- 714093 TI - Gene mapping in thalassemia. PMID- 714094 TI - Psychiatric care by foreign medical graduates. PMID- 714095 TI - Coronary vasospasm as a possible cause of myocardial infarction. A conclusion derived from the study of "preinfarction" angina. AB - To investigate the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction we undertook a systematic study of patients with angina at rest, a syndrome known to evolve frequently into infarction. Among 187 consecutive patients, 37 had infarction, all in the area that showed electrocardiographic changes during angina. In all 76 patients who underwent hemodynamic monitoring, 201thallium myocardial scintigraphy or angiography during angina, a vasospastic origin of the attacks was documented. In six patients with infarction shortly after these studies and in two in whom the infarction developed during hemodynamic monitoring or during angiography the onset of infarction was indistinguishable from the onset of anginal attacks. One patient in whom spasm was observed at the onset of infarction died six hours later; at post-mortem examination, a fresh laminar thrombus was found at the site of the spasm. After infarction, complete thrombotic occlusion of the branch shown to undergo vasospasm was documented in two patients by angiography. PMID- 714096 TI - "Magnification phenomenon" in chronic renal disease. PMID- 714097 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 48-1978. PMID- 714098 TI - Coronary spasm and acute myocardial infarction--new possibility for treatment and prevention. PMID- 714099 TI - Sounding boards: Two views of "the doctors' dilemma". Manpower policy: base it on facts, not opinions. PMID- 714100 TI - Sounding Boards: Two views of "the doctors' dilemma". As the Board sees it. PMID- 714101 TI - Primary-care manpower: the doctors' dilemma. PMID- 714102 TI - Diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. PMID- 714103 TI - Congenital deficiency of C2 and factor B. PMID- 714104 TI - Death and "brain death". PMID- 714105 TI - The decline of the autopsy. PMID- 714106 TI - Urinary kallikrein levels and hypertension. PMID- 714107 TI - Vitamin B12 deficiency in strict vegetarians. PMID- 714108 TI - Estrogen receptors and responses to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - To determine the correlation between the estrogen-receptor status and responses to chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 143 patients with advanced breast cancer. Receptor contents were determined by a sucrose-gradient method and designated arbitrarily as "rich" or "poor". The response rate to chemotherapy was significantly higher in receptor rich tumors (86 per cent) than in receptor-poor tumors (36 per cent) (P less than 0.001). Patients with receptor-rich tumors also responded favorably to hormonal therapy. However, there was no correlation between the responses to hormonal therapy and to chemotherapy when they were used sequentially, a phenomenon that may be attributed to the changes in tumor receptor content during the clinical course. These data suggest that separate factors associated with the response to chemotherapy may coexist with estrogen receptors in breast cancer. PMID- 714109 TI - HL-A antigens in adult polymyositis. PMID- 714110 TI - Dichloroacetate as treatment for congenital lactic acidosis. PMID- 714111 TI - Treatment of diabetic necrobiosis with aspirin or dipyridamole. PMID- 714112 TI - Hyperlgucagonemia in diabetes. PMID- 714113 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in prognosis of colorectal cancer. PMID- 714114 TI - Fetal monitoring. PMID- 714115 TI - Hemodynamic assessment of amrinone. A new inotropic agent. AB - Amrinone, a new bipyridine derivative, exerts a positive inotropic action in experimental preparations and is effective when administered orally to dogs. To assess its immediate effects in man, we studied by cardiac catheterization the hemodynamic responses to amrinone (1.85 to 3.5 mg per kilogram given intravenously) in eight patients with congestive heart failure already receiving full doses of digitalis. the following statistically significant (P less than 0.01) effects were noted: cardiac index increased from a mean +/- 1 S.D. of 1.8 +/- 0.3 to 2.6 +/- 0.3 liters per minute per square meter; peak rate of left ventricular pressure rise rose from 849 +/- 233 to 1206 +/- 456 mm Hg per second; left ventricular end-diastolic pressure fell from 25 +/- 9 to 14 +/- 7 mm Hg; pulmonary-capillary pressure fell from 28 +/- 8 to 15 +/- 4 mm Hg; and right atrial pressure fell from 12 +/- 6 to 7 +/- 5 mm Hg. Mean heart rate was unchanged, and aortic mean pressure declined slightly (86 +/- 10 to 80 +/- 7 mm Hg, P less than 0.025). No toxicity was observed. Amrinone, whose mechanism of action has not yet ben defined, warrants further study as a possible treatment for heart failure. PMID- 714116 TI - Clinical usefulness of red cells preserved in protein-poor mediums. AB - Blood is normally collected into a combined anticoagulating and preserving medium. We performed a study to ascertain whether improvements could be made by separation of these two functions. Addition of saline-adenine-glucose solutions (40 to 100 ml per blood unit) to buffy-coat-poor red-cell concentrates allowed storage for as long as 35 days with 24-hour erythrocyte post-transfusion survival of 83 +/- 6.8 per cent (+/0 S.D.). Potassium leakage was lower, and in vitro hemolysis somewhat higher than that of whole blood. The microaggregate content after 21 days was 16 per cent of that in whole blood. In over-pressure transfusions the flow rate of red cells was the same with red-cell concentrates to which 80 to 100 ml of suspension medium had been added (hematocrit less than or equal to 60 per cent) as with whole blood. Removal of the buffy coat was essential to reduce hemolysis. We conclude that red cells can be successfully stored in a simple protein-poor medium. PMID- 714117 TI - Fallacy of the five-year survival in lung cancer. AB - Patients with lung cancer can be treated by either surgical extirpation or radiation. The former may offer increased five-year survival and prolonged life expectancies as compared to the latter, but subjects patients to the immediate risk of thoracotomy. We interviewed patients with "operable" lung cancer and found that they were quite averse to taking risks involving the possibility of immediate death. When these data about patients' attitudes were combined with data about survival after both radiation therapy and operation, it appeared that radiotherapy would be the preferred therapeutic plan for several of these patients. These results emphasize the importance of choosing therapies not only on the basis of objective measures of survival but also on the basis of patient attitudes. PMID- 714118 TI - A new inotropic drug: its promise and a caution. PMID- 714119 TI - Red cells for transfusion. PMID- 714120 TI - Euthyroid sick syndrome. PMID- 714121 TI - "Thumbprinting" in pseudomembranous enterocolitis. PMID- 714122 TI - Frostbite due due to improper use of frozen gel pack. PMID- 714123 TI - Heimlich defends his maneuver. PMID- 714124 TI - The hospice movement. PMID- 714125 TI - The FTC enters a new arena: health services. PMID- 714126 TI - Acute fulminant aortic and mitral insufficiency in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 714127 TI - By the London Post. Sustaining the common language. PMID- 714128 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 51-1978. PMID- 714129 TI - Season's greetings. PMID- 714130 TI - Sounding Board. The FTC and the plastic surgeons--plastic surgery--and all specialty medicine. PMID- 714131 TI - HLA and ABO blood groups in blacks with mitral-valve prolapse. PMID- 714132 TI - Beta blockade in diabetes. PMID- 714133 TI - Missing pieces. PMID- 714134 TI - Reflexes from the nose. PMID- 714135 TI - Preventing catheter plugging in peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 714136 TI - Urinary oxalate excretions during ascorbic acid loading. PMID- 714137 TI - Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma by computed axial tomographic scan and other methods. PMID- 714138 TI - Nutrient deficiencies in breast-fed infants. PMID- 714139 TI - Giardiasis and exercise-induced diarrhea. PMID- 714140 TI - Marker X chromosomes, mental retardation and macro-orchidism. PMID- 714141 TI - Delivery of plasticizer from standard intravenous-administration sets. PMID- 714142 TI - Unproved hypotheses in medicine. PMID- 714143 TI - Academic arrogance. PMID- 714144 TI - Washington Report. Health and science policies--a look ahead. PMID- 714145 TI - Aspergillus penicilloides and Eurotium halophilicum in association with house dust mites. AB - Aspergillus penicilloides Speg., Eurotium halophilicum Christensen et al. and other xerophilic fungi were isolated from house dust. The isolates of E. halophilicum are described and compared with the type strain of this species. A. penicilloides appeared to be rather common. The species concept of this species is broadened to accomodate some variable forms with different colony characters and conidophore structures. The role of both species is discussed in connection with house-dust mites, house-dust allergy and skin diseases. PMID- 714146 TI - Mating behaviour of Nannizzia otae (=Microsporum canis). AB - One hundred and ninety-eight isolates of Microsporum canis, obtained from humans and animals in 12 countries, were paired with the two Japanese tester strains of Nannizzia otae (= M. canis), VUT 74037 (CDC B-2094+) and VUT 74039 (CDC B-2095-). One hundred and forty-one (72%) produced either gymnothecia or pseudogymnothecia in crosses with VUT 74037. Fifty-seven (28%) were nonreactive. None of the paired isolates reacted with VUT 74039. The number of nonreactive isolates decreased to 17% when 104 of the 198 isolates were paired with one additional tester strain of each mating type. All sexually reacting strains, however, belonged to the (-) mating type. Crosses between nonreactive isolates did not result in ascocarp formation. The F1 generations from three different strongly reactive crosses were all characterized by poor ascospore germination. Most of the monoascospore progeny that germinated to form mature colonies were nonreactive in crosses to determine their mating type. Others reacted predominantly as the (+) mating type, thereby precluding the likelihood of an associated lethal factor accounting for the lack of this mating type in our clinical isolates. Several explanations for this phenomenon are presented. PMID- 714147 TI - On the occurrence of Microsporum persicolor in Montreal, Canada. AB - A case of Microsporum persicolor skin infection in a casual employee of a veterinary clinic in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, is reported. A survey of 80 wild rodents in the Montreal area resulted in the isolation of M. persicolor from two voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) and one deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). One of the voles, heavily infested with parasites including ticks, had obvious lesions on the nose. This is the first report of M. persicolor in rodents in North America. PMID- 714148 TI - Examination and evaluation of germination and protonemal development for Onoclea sensibilis fern spores treated with aflatoxin B1. AB - Experiments were designed to test the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on germination and subsequent development of the gametophytes of the sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis. AFB1 concentrations used were 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 muM. Preliminary studies indicated that, under all AFB1 concentrations tested, germination was maximum after 144 hrs. Additional studies revealed that during this time period protonemal growth was in the log phase. Percent germination was inhibited by increasing concentrations of AFB1; A 50% inhibition was noted at 12.5 muM. In addition, increasing concentrations of AFB1 caused a reduction in the total number of cells per protonema. Preliminary analysis indicated that this was caused by a reduction of the rate of cell production rather than total inhibition of cell division. A comparison of the dose-response curves for both of the above effects demonstrated that sensitivity to AFB1 starts at 2.5 muM. This may indicate that AFB1 is acting on a process common to both phenomena. The fern spore germination system could be a "simple" model system in which to study the site and mode of action of AFB1. PMID- 714149 TI - Chronic pulmonary sporotrichosis. PMID- 714151 TI - Toxicological interpretation of blood level data. PMID- 714150 TI - Aflatoxin is degraded by heated and unheated mycelia, filtrates of homogenized mycelia and filtrates of broth cultures of Aspergillus parasiticus. AB - Steaming one-half of a lot of 9-day-old mycelia of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 for 6 min resulted in little or no subsequent degradation of aflatoxin B1 or G1 by these mycelia. The other half of these mycelia was not heat-treated and degraded aflatoxins B1 and G1. Filtrates of the growth substrate which remained after the mycelium was removed from 8- to 15-day old cultures of A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 did not degrade substantial amounts of aflatoxin B1 or G1, whereas mycelia originally produced on these filtrates degraded substantial amounts of both aflatoxins. The supernatant fluid from homogenates of 9-day-old mycelia of A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 degraded aflatoxins B1 and G1 when 0.1 M or 1.0 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, was used to suspend the homogenate. These data support the hypothesis that the aflatoxin degrading factor(s) present in the mycelium of A. parasiticus is/are enzyme(s) or at least influenced by enzyme(s). PMID- 714152 TI - Histone genes displayed. PMID- 714153 TI - Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage G4 DNA. AB - The 5,577 nucleotide long sequence of bacteriophage G4 DNA has been determined using the 'plus and minus' and chain termination methods of DNA sequencing. This sequence has been compared with that of the closely related bacteriophage phiX174 (refs 1, 55). In the coding regions there is an average of 33.1% nucleotide sequence differences between the two genomes, but the distribution of these changes is not random and the sequence of some genes is more conserved than others. There is less sequence similarity between the untranslated intergenic regions of G4 and phiX174, but despite this the sequences of the J/F, F/G and H/A untranslated spaces in both genomes have similar sized hairpin loops, which may be related to their function. PMID- 714154 TI - Humans and apes are genetically very similar. PMID- 714155 TI - Totipotent cells of parthenogenetic origin in a chimaeric mouse. PMID- 714156 TI - A better cell line for making hybridomas secreting specific antibodies. PMID- 714157 TI - Retinoids as well as tumour promoters enhance deacylation of cellular lipids and prostaglandin production in MDCK cells. PMID- 714158 TI - Cell specificity in metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 and benzo(a)pyrene to mutagens for mammalian cells. PMID- 714159 TI - Volatile nitrosamines in normal human faeces. PMID- 714160 TI - Tetrahydropapaveroline induces small granular vesicles in brain dopamine fibres. PMID- 714161 TI - Site of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 synthesis in the kidney. PMID- 714162 TI - Rapid transbilayer diffusion of 1,2-diacylglycerol and its relevance to control of membrane curvature. PMID- 714163 TI - DNA sequence of the bacteriophage gama cI gene. PMID- 714164 TI - Monoclonal antibody to a human histocompatibility alloantigen, HLA-A2. PMID- 714165 TI - Change in synaptic channel gating during neuromuscular development. PMID- 714166 TI - Impromidine (SK&F 92676) is a very potent and specific agonist for histamine H2 receptors. PMID- 714167 TI - A new dopaminergic prodrug. PMID- 714168 TI - Tubulin microheterogeneity increases with rat brain maturation. PMID- 714169 TI - Fibroblasts degrade newly synthesised collagen within the cell before secretion. PMID- 714170 TI - Identification of a new chicken alpha-globin structural gene by complementary DNA cloning. PMID- 714171 TI - Human reproduction reconsidered. PMID- 714172 TI - The neural representation of visual space. PMID- 714173 TI - [Simple inorganic salts as drugs]. PMID- 714174 TI - Entropy and the life table. PMID- 714175 TI - [The penetration of Ca-ions in dental enamel during its remineralization]. PMID- 714176 TI - Compensation of vestibular lesions in relation to development. PMID- 714177 TI - Effect of phentolamine, alprenolol and prenylamine on maximum rate of rise of action potential in guinea-pig papillary muscles. AB - Effects of phentolamine (13.3, 26.5 and 53.0 micron), alprenolol (3.5, 7.0 and 17.5 micron) and prenylamine (2.4, 4.8 and 11.9 micron) on the transmembrane potential were studied in isolated guinea-pig papillary muscles, superfused with Tyrode's solution. 1. Phentolamine, alprenolol and prenylamine reduced the maximum rate of rise of action potential (.Vmax) dose-dependently. Higher concentrations of phentolamine and prenylamine caused a loss of plateau in a majority of the preparations. Resting potential was not altered by any of the drugs. Readmittance of drug-free Tyrode's solution reversed these changes induced by 13.3 micron of phentolamine and all conconcentrations of alprenolol almost completely but those induced by higher concentrations of phentolamine and all concentrations of prenylamine only slightly. 2. .Vmax at steady state was increased with decreasing driving frequencies (0.5 and 0.25 Hz) and was decreased with increasing ones (2--5 Hz) in comparison with that at 1 Hz. Such changes were all exaggerated by the above drugs, particularly by prenylamine. 3. Prenylamine and, to a lesser degree, phentolamine and alprenolol delayed dose-dependently the recovery process of .Vmax in premature responses. 4. .Vmax in the first response after interruption of stimulation recovered toward the predrug value in the presence of the above three drugs. The time constants of recovery process ranged between 10.5 and 15.0s for phentolamine, between 4.5 and 15.5s for alprenolol. The time constant of the main component was estimated to be approximately 2s for the recovery process with prenylamine. 5. On the basis of the model recently proposed by Hondeghem and Katzung (1977), it is suggested that the drug molecules associate with the open sodium channels and dissociated slowly from the closed channels and that the inactivation parameter in the drug-associated channels is shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction. PMID- 714178 TI - Possible role of Na-Ca exchange mechanism in the contractions induced in guinea pig aorta by potassium free solution and ouabain. PMID- 714179 TI - Absence of a relationship between sympathetic neuronal activity and turnover of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. AB - The effects of pharmacological alteration of adrenergic transmission on the rate of entrance of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) into the circulation were assessed in rats by an immunological method in which the kinetics of recovery of serum DBH activity were measured after depletion of the enzyme by treatment with anti-rat DBH antiserum. Neither alpha-receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine nor ganglionic blockade with clorisondamine altered the rate by which DBH enters the bloodstream although both treatments markedly altered serum catecholamine levels. Prolonged treatment of newborn rats with guanethidine produced a severe peripheral sympathectomy but only a moderate decrease (30%) in serum DBH levels. In the sympathectomized rats, the rate of entrance of DBH into the circulation was significantly reduced whereas the half-life and rate of degradation of the enzyme was unchanged. These results indicate that the major portion of serum DBH does not enter the circulation by means of exocytotic release of the soluble enzyme. PMID- 714180 TI - Is histamine involved in the sympathomimetic effect of nicotine? PMID- 714181 TI - Evidence for glucagon-releasing activity of vasoactive adenosine analogues in the conscious dog. AB - An investigation was carried out in conscious dogs concerning the effects of three adenosine derivatives substituted at the 5'-(744-96) or 2'-, 3'-, and 5' positions (744-98, 744-99), with pronounced and long-lasting coronary dilator activity, on glucagon release. All three compounds (10 microgram/kg i.v.) induced a sustained increase in plasma glucose and a decrease in plasma FFA concentration; concomitantly, plasma glucagon levels rose 2--3 fold. Changes in plasma insulin concentration were relatively small and of no statistical significance. A simultaneous fall in arterial blood pressure was also observed. A lowering of blood pressure of similar magnitude by sodium nitroprusside infusion in control experiments failed to show any significant effect on plasma glucagon level. These results point to a specific effect of vasoactive adenosine derivatives on glucagon release. PMID- 714183 TI - Effect of nomifensine and other antidepressant drugs on acetylcholine turnover in various regions of rat brain. PMID- 714182 TI - d-Amphetamine-induced depression of central dopamine neurons: evidence for mediation by both autoreceptors and a striato-nigral feedback pathway. PMID- 714185 TI - Renal handling of oxalate. A micropuncture study in the rat. AB - Clearance and micropuncture experiments were performed in rats to study the renal handling of oxalate. The 14C-oxalate to 3H-inulin clearance ratio (Cox/Cin) was 1.36 +/- 0.04 and was lowered by probenecid (200 mg/kg) to 1.11 +/- 0.03 (+/- S.E., n = 6, P less than 0.005). An attempt was made to localize the assumed secretion of oxalate in three different micropuncture protocols. In free flow micropuncture experiments single nephron clearance of oxalate was not different when obtained from proximal or distal tubular puncture sites. The fractional delivery of oxalate averaged 0.84 +/- 0.03 regardless of the puncture site from mid-proximal to late distal. This finding indicates a net outflux of oxalate in an early proximal loop since oxalate is freely ultrafilterable. In microperfusion experiments the mean recovery of oxalate ranged from 79--90%. The outflux of oxalate correlated linearly with the tubular load (r = 0.95). The results suggest that no net secretion occurs in superficial nephron segments accessible for micropuncture. Since whole kidney clearances of oxalate always exceeded glomerular filtration rate, it is concluded that net addition of oxalate into the tubular fluid can occur at sites beyond the superficial late distal tubules or is due to higher delivery of oxalate by deep cortical nephrons. PMID- 714184 TI - Effects of GABA, dopamine, and substance P on the release of newly synthesized 3H 5-hydroxytryptamine from rat substantia nigra in vitro. AB - The effects of GABA, substance P and dopamine on the release of newly synthesized 3H-5-HT were investigated, using slices of rat substantia nigra superfused with L 3H-tryptophan in vitro. GABA (50 micron) had no inhibitory effect on the potassium-evoked-release of 3H-5-HT. Substance P (50 micron) and eledoisin (50 micron) stimulated the spontaneous release of 3H-5-HT. This effect seems to be indirect and is possibly mediated by dopaminergic neurones, since the dopamine antagonist drug alpha-flupenthixol (1 micron) abolished the substance P-evoked release of 5-HT. Furthermore, it was found that substance P (10 micron) stimulated 3H-dopamine release from nigral slices in vitro and the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine (50 micron) also stimulated 3H-5-HT release. Substance P may, therefore, activate nigral dopaminergic neurones which then release dopamine from their dendrites. The release of dopamine may in turn stimulate 5-HT release from terminals of the raphe-nigral pathway. PMID- 714186 TI - Effects of ozolinone, a diuretic active metabolite of etozoline, on renal function. I. Clearance studies in dogs. AB - The renal action of 3-methyl-4-oxo-5-piperidino-thiazolidine-2-ylidine (ozolinone), a metabolite of the diuretic etozoline (Elkapin), was studied in anaesthetized dogs after i.v. injection and compared with the renal effects of furosemide. The diuretic action of ozolinone was rapid in onset and of short duration. The smallest effective i.v. dose was 1 mg . kg-1. Maximal diuretic capacity was reached at 50 mg . kg-1 i.v. Fractional tubular sodium reabsorption was depressed to 67% at maximal effective doses. Ozolinone had similar renal actions to those of furosemide. Like furosemide, ozolinone increased renal blood flow, slightly decreased glomerular filtration rate, depressed tubular chloride reabsorption more than sodium reabsorption, increased potassium excretion, lowered the pH of urine, decreased urinary osmolarity towards isotonicity and depressed tubular PAH secretion. As regards the effective doses and the maximal changes of tubular sodium excretion, ozolinone was somewhat less potent than furosemide. PMID- 714187 TI - Effects of ozolinone, a diuretic active metabolite of etozoline, on renal function. II. Localization of tubular site of diuretic action by micropuncture in the rat. PMID- 714188 TI - Differential inhibition of biphenyl hydroxylation in perfused rat liver. AB - A differential inhibition of biphenyl hydroxylation by alpha-naphthoflavone and metyrapone was observed in isolated perfused rat liver. alpha-Naphthoflavone inhibited 2- and 4-hydroxylation in livers from beta-naphthoflavone-pretreated animals but had no effect on both reactions in livers from phenobarbital pretreated animals. Metyrapone inhibited 2- and 4-hydroxylation in phenobarbital stimulated livers, but only insignificant inhibition of 2-hydroxylation and a slight enhancement of 4-hydroxylation by metyrapone was observed in beta naphthoflavone-stimulated livers. Conjugation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl and 4 hydroxybiphenyl by isolated perfused livers was also studied. 4-Hydroxybiphenyl preferentially formed sulphates in livers from untreated animals but after induction glucuronidation was as effective as sulphation or even exceeded sulphation. Only glucuronic acid conjugates of 2-hydroxybiphenyl were detected. PMID- 714189 TI - Inhibitory effects of 4,4'-diisothiocyano stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) in the response of isolated hepatocytes to phalloidin. AB - 4,4'-Diisothiocyano stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) inhibits the typical development of protrusions, regularly seen after treatment of isolated hepatocytes with phalloidin. The degree of inhibition depends on the time of preincubation and on the concentration of DIDS, but not on the concentration of phalloidin. DIDS is more effective than H2DIDS. The inhibition by both compounds is irreversible. The binding capacity of hepatocytes for H2DIDS is much higher than that of the phalloidin-insensitive hepatoma cells. Gel electrophoresis of lysates from cells, pretreated with 3H2DIDS demonstrates that actin binds very little of the inhibitor. Our results suggest that a protein structure on the surface of hepatocytes, needed for the response to phalloidin, is influenced by DIDS or H2DIDS. PMID- 714190 TI - A benzodiazepine derivative and praziquantel: effects on musculature of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. AB - The benzodiazepine derivative (Ro 11-3128) which has central nervous effects similar to other benzodiazepines, and praziquantel (PZ), are two new antischistosomal drugs. At low concentrations these drugs will produce a marked spastic paralysis of male Schistosoma mansoni musculature. An analysis of the action of these drugs on the parasite's musculature shows that Ro 11-3128 and PZ produced a rapid rise in the tension of the musculature of male schistosomes. Various compounds known to interact with the schistosome's neuroreceptive sites did not block of potentiate the action of these drugs. Removal of Ca2+ or addition of Mg2+ to the incubation medium blocked the action of these drugs on the schistosome's musculature. Uptake studies of inorganic cations by male schistosome's indicate that Ro 11-3128 and PZ decrease the influx of K+ but stimulate the influx of Ca2+ and Na+ into the male schistosome. It is suggested that this interference with inorganic ion transport mechanisms causes the contraction of the schistosome musculature. PMID- 714191 TI - [Results of an excessive appetite]. PMID- 714192 TI - [Agenesis of gallbladder and cystic duct]. PMID- 714193 TI - [Ovulation induction with bromocryptin]. PMID- 714194 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm in young patients]. PMID- 714195 TI - [Extragenital primary locations]. PMID- 714196 TI - [The place of delivery and perinatal mortality]. PMID- 714197 TI - [The place of delivery and perinatal mortality]. PMID- 714198 TI - A proposed mechanism for reduced creatinine excretion in severe chronic renal failure. AB - Creatinine appearance, defined as the sum of daily creatinine excretion in urine (average over 5 days) plus accumulation in body water, measured over the same interval, was calculated in 27 patients with severe chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 0.15 liter/kg/day). Creatinine appearance per kg body weight in patients with the lowest clearances decreased to values as low as one third of values predicted from age and sex. The absolute value of measured cratinine accumulation was only 11 +/- 2% of creatinine appearance and thus could not account for such deficits in appearance and therefore renal excretion. One explanation for these results is that extrarenal clearance, CM, remains constant, that is, that the quantity of creatinine degraded, M, is proportional to serum creatinine, S: CM = M/S. When the values for extrarenal clearance necessary to account for the measured deficit in creatinine appearance were calculated, they were found to be quite constant: 0.042 +/- 0.004 liter/kg/day (SEM, n=13) in males and 0.041 +/- 0.004 liter/kg/day (SEM, n=14) in females. Renal creatinine clearance in these patients, predicted from age, sex, serum creatinine, and the assumed constant value for extrarenal clearance, corresponded closely to observed clearance (r = 0.93). From these calculations, decreased creatinine appearance (and excretion) of uremic patients may be explained by a constant extrarenal clearance, indicating degradation. PMID- 714199 TI - Sweating treatment for chronic renal failure. AB - Sweating was induced in 3 uremic patients in an ordinary bathtub for 3 h per day to examine whether clinically significant amounts of urea could be removed. Blood urea concentrations fell in all 3 patients, and 2 of the patients had improvement in uremic syptoms. Clearances of urea by a forearm collection technique in 2 patients were 20.9 +/- 3.7 and 11.6 +/- 3.9 ml/min. Average sweat volumes were 813 +/- 62 and 566 +/- 160 ml/h. Sodium concentrations were 52 +/- 47 and 76 +/- 12 mEq/l. This removal of urea, water and salt suggests that sweating could be used to treat uremia in conjunction with charcoal hemoperfusion, in patients awaiting vascular access, or during the interdialytic interval in patients with problems with overhydration. PMID- 714200 TI - The renin-aldosterone system and thiazide-induced depletion of total body potassium in essential hypertension. AB - 15 patients who had benign, uncomplicated essential hypertension, were treated with chlorthiazide (500 mg twice a day) with or without propranolol (10--20 mg 4 times a day), and the effect of the treatment on plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone excretion, total body potassium (TBK) and plasma sodium and potassium was evaluated. TBK depletion was significant mathematically (more than 5% of TBK lost) in 7 patients, but not significant physiologically (less than 15% of TBK lost) in any except in one, who may have had other reason for TBK depletion. Although propranolol prevented the increase in PRA and aldosterone excretion, it did not prevent the modest TBK depletion. Dietary potassium intake may have some importance in the maintenance of normal body potassium during chronic treatment with thiazides for hypertension. PMID- 714201 TI - Some hemodynamic and hydroelectrolytic alterations of chronic salt deprivation. AB - Male Wistar rats were fed for 1 month on a low salt diet and compared with control animals. The body fluids are decreased, and this diminution takes place due to the decrease of the total water, extracellular space, intracellular space, plasma volume and interstitial liquid. In the muscle, the alterations in the water composition were similar to the modifications observed in the whole animal. The electrolytic composition of the muscle showed a decrease in the sodium content; no modifications were found in the chloride content and there was a slight decrease in the potassium content. The cardiac rate was increased and the arterial pressure and heart weight also showed a slight augmentation. The infusion of antibodies against angiotensin II provoked a similar decrease in arterial pressure in both groups of animals. These results show an alteration of the hydroelectrolytic metabolism in salt-deprived rats and that the circulatory function is adapted to this new situation. PMID- 714202 TI - Peritoneal dialysis clearances. A practical approach to the measurement of small- and middle-molecule clearances. AB - This study was designed to (1) develop a simple technique of estimating 'middle molecule' clearances in peritoneal dialysis patients using vitamin B12 as a marker; (2) evaluate changes in small- and middle-molecule clearances during a single 24- or 36-hour peritoneal dialysis, and (3) determine if using 4.25% rather than 1.5% dextrose exchanges alters the clearances of small and middle molecules. Measurement of clearance following the intramuscular injection of vitamin B12 was found to be a reliable method of estimating the clearance of middle molecules. Small- and middle-molecule clearances remain constant throughout an individual 24- or 36-hour dialysis. In addition, small-molecule clearances increase significantly with 4.25% dextrose dialysate but return to prior values when 1.5% dextrose dialysate is reinstituted. PMID- 714203 TI - Influence of ultrafiltration on plasma renin activity and adrenergic system. AB - The influence of efficient ultrafiltration without dialysis fluid was compared to the standard dialysis technique in two groups of 4 patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis. Supine plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma concentration of noradrenaline (NA), and adrenaline (A) and the Valsalva manoeuvre were determined before and after the period of ultrafiltration at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The behaviour of these parameters was related to changes of blood pressure and body weight. The rapid weight loss was well tolerated during ultrafiltration only, with a significant increase of plasma catecholamines concentration; in contrast, patients treated with ultrafiltration and dialysis showed no significant increase of NA and A levels and they frequently became hypotensive. No relationship was observed between changes in PRA and those in body weight and blood pressure. Our data suggest that rapid removal of catecholamines during standard dialysis hinders the compensatory increase of the adrenergic activity and is responsible for hypotension. PMID- 714204 TI - Juxtaglomerular cell tumor. AB - A 15-year-old female with primary reninism presented with benign hypertension, normokalemia, normal aortagram and normal intravenous pyelogram. The diagnosis was suggested only by a remarkably elevated plasma renin activity (PRA). Selective catheterization of renal vein branches was necessary to make the diagnosis of a tumor. A local resection of the tumor resulted in normalization of blood pressure and PRA. Prior to the definitive surgery, oral propranolol was effective in lowering PRA and blood pressure. PMID- 714205 TI - Acute effects of salmon calcitonin on renal electrolyte excretion in intact, thyroparathyroidectomized and sulfacetylthiazole-induced uremic rats. AB - Acute effects of salmon calcitonin (CT) on renal electrolyte excretion were investigated in intact, thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) and uremic rats. Glomerular filtration rate did not change during CT infusion and there was no volume expansion in any experimental group. Plasma calcium levels gradually fell below the control period in each experimental group. Urinary calcium excretion increased at the early period in both intact and TPTX rats but fell below the control period with the continuous infusion of CT. In uremic rats, a decrease in plasma calcium was followed by a decrease in calcium excretion. Plasma phosphate gradually decreased and simultaneously measured phosphate excretion increased in both intact and TPTX rats. In uremic rats, however, there was no change in phosphate excretion and only a slight decrease of plasma phosphate. Phosphaturia is the result of the predominant renal action of CT and occurs even when the filtered load of phosphate decreases. In uremic animals, there appears to be a resistance to exogenous CT which manifests itself by the absence of natriuretic, calciuric and phosphaturic responses. PMID- 714206 TI - Effect of prostaglandin A2 on RNA synthesis in embrionic mouse erythroid cells. AB - Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) is shown to stimulate RNA synthesis in 12-day embryonic mouse liver cells, thus expressing an erythropoietin-like effect. This effect was found to be dose-dependent. There was no significant difference between the results observed with patients' plasma before and after dialysis and with or without addition of PGA2. Although the baseline activity of RNA synthesis in the presence of uremic plasma is less than that with normal plasma, the almost equal potentiation of RNA synthesis in erythroid cells incubated with both normal and uremic plasma obtained with PGA2 favors a direct, and not an erythropoietin mediated, effect of this substance. PMID- 714207 TI - HLA antigens in neurolathyrism. PMID- 714208 TI - Ultrastructure of capillaries in chromophobe adenoma. PMID- 714209 TI - Studies on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in young hemiplegics. PMID- 714210 TI - Accumulation of serotonin in human cerebral contusion. PMID- 714211 TI - Head injury by sugar cane crushing machine (Kohlu injury). PMID- 714212 TI - Jugular foramen syndrome due to hydatid cyst. A case report. PMID- 714213 TI - Pre-pontine epidermoid traversing the brain stem. A case report. PMID- 714214 TI - Intraosseous meningioma. A case report. PMID- 714215 TI - Shy-Drager syndrome. PMID- 714216 TI - [Glucose, pyruvate and lactate concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with cerebral infarction]. AB - The determinations were performed in cerebrospinal fluid of 50 patients with recent cerebral infarction in the 1-st, 3-rd and 10-th day of disease. Spectrophotometrie methods were used for the determination of lactate and pyruvate and a colorimetric method for glucose determination. A statistically significant increase of glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid on the 1-st day after cerebral infarction and of pyruvate, lactate and lactate: pyruvate index on 1-st and 3-rd day after cerebral infarction was found. The results obtained point to intensification of the anaerobic pathway of glucose metabolism. PMID- 714217 TI - [Blastic transformation test in vascular diseases of the central nervous system]. AB - The reported investigations were carried out in 99 cases. In 73 cases acute vascular diseases of the central nervous system were recognized, and 26 subjects served for control. In all cases the test of PHA-stimulated blastic transformation of the blastic index suggest reduced resistance of the organism and they may be group of patients was compared with the control group. The quantitative data were analysed statistically using the test of Student and the t T test of Student for paired samples. The obtained results showed that the proportion of lymphocytes undergoing blastic transformation after stimulation with PHA was in the control group 66.1% on the average, while in the group of patients it was decreased to 55.2%. These differences were significant statistically. The low values of the blastic index suggest reduced resistance of the organism and they may be used as a valuable indicator informing about the resistance of the patient. PMID- 714218 TI - [Therapeutic efficacy of pyridinolcarbamate (Anginin) in patients with combined cerebral and peripheral arteriosclerosis]. AB - A group of 20 patients (average age 55.5 yrs) with advanced arterioscleorosis obliterans and cerebral thrombosis were treated with pyridinolcarbamate. Anginin was given for 6 months, 1,5--2 g. per day. Observation period before, during and after the treatment lasted 2 yrs. Medical and psychological examinations were performed; laboratory test included: sphigmooscylography, photoplethysmography, EKG, EEG, cholesterol, triglyceridis and other routine biochemical blood tests. All data are statistically evaluated. Results. During Anginin treatment clinical improvement was noted in 8 cases, in 9 there was no change in neurological examination; 3 cases--deteriorated. Control examination 6 to 12 months after discontinuation of the treatment revealed no changes in 13 patients; 1 patient deteriorated and 6--died. There was improvement in blood circulation as shown by plethysmography and sphigmooscylography in patients with less advanced vascular changes and no change in cases with more advanced disease. In 75% of the patients there was statistically significant (p less than 0.001) decrease of cholesterol and in 50% of triglicerids (not statistically significant). In patients with advanced disease there was no clinical and EEG improvement, on the contrary 1/3 of them deteriorated clinically and in EEG. In cases with less advanced disease clinical improvement was recorded. Anginin seems to be a good drug for patients with moderately advanced combined peripheral and central arteriosclerosis. PMID- 714220 TI - [Cervical discopathy, cervical migraine and vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency: Clinical correlations]. AB - The pathogenesis of cervical migraine may suggest that a connection exists between it and cervical discopathy and also vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency. This correlation was studied in a group of 103 patients subjected to clinical observations. In 83 of them cervical discopathy was found, in 69 cervical migraine and in 40 vertebrobasilar insufficiency were present. Among those with discopathy migraine was present in 63.6% of cases, and vertebrobasilar insufficiency in 31%. In patients with cervical migraine degenerative changes of the type of cervical discopathy were present in 90% of cases, although in only 56.5% of cases clinical signs were present connected with these changes. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency was present in 45% of patients with cervical migraine, that is more frequently than in discopathy. In the group with vertebrobasilar insufficiency radiological changes in the cervical spine were present in 77.5% of cases and the same proportion of patients in this group had cervical migraine. These numbers confirm the connection between cervical migraine and radiological changes and clinical manifestations of discopathy, and they indicate also that cervical migraine may be a successive stage of vascular changes leading to circulatory failure in the area supplied by vertebral arteries. This failure may have a different course and pathological mechanism. In 12.5% of patients in this group no cervical migraine or radiological changes were demonstrated. The term "cervical migraine" seems inappropriate since this type of headache has another substrate and mechanism than true migraine. PMID- 714219 TI - [Statistical analysis of mortality from stroke in hospitalized patients]. AB - The authors analysed mortality from brain strokes in 1366 patients hospitalized at the Department of Neurology, Silesian Medical Academy in Katowice and Zabrze and in the 8th Municipal Hospital in Katowice in the years 1970--1974. The number of cases with lethal outcome was 437. The mortality was highest in cases of cerebral haemorrhages, particularly in women. The mortality increased with increasing age and was highest in the first 24 hours of treatment. PMID- 714221 TI - [Lithium treatment of chronic Horton's headaches]. AB - The authors used lithium carbonate in treatment of 7 patients with Horton's headaches of primarily or secondarily chronic character. In all patients the blood level of lithium was determined and it was found to reach therapeutic levels. Disappearance of attacks was achieved in 3 cases, significant improvement in 2, and in 2 cases treatment was ineffective. The mechanism of lithium action in this disease is discussed. The authors recommend lithium as worthy of use since other drugs are ineffective in this disease or they cannot be used, eg. steroids or indomethacin, in view of frequent coexistence of paptic ulcer. PMID- 714222 TI - [Anti-epileptic and side effects of Didepil]. AB - The action of the new antiepileptic preparation Didepil which is a combination of the anticholinergic agent procyclidine (dl-1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3 pyrolidinopropane-1-ol hydrochloride) with phenobarbitone was evaluated in a group of 20 patients of either sex, mean age 28.5 years. These patients had mostly (14 cases) two types of seizures occurring up to several times daily. The mean duration of epilepsy was 12.5 years, the aetiology of the disease was different, and the patients were usually refractory to previously used drugs. Didepil was administered during 3 months, on the average, in doses of 3--4 tablets daily as the only antiepileptic drug or in combination with other anticonvulsants. The duration of follow-up of the patients before, during and after treatment was from 6 to 15 months. In each repeated EEG investigations, biochemical investigation of the blood, liver function tests, and urine analysis were performed. RESULTS: improvement was observed in cases of grand mal as well as temporal lobe seizures in 70% of patients, EEG improvement was found in 50% of patients. Side effects including oral dryness, accomodation disturbances developed in 17 patients but were usually slight and transient, in only 4 cases they were sufficiently severe as to justify reduction of dosage. Improvement of mood and contact with surroundings was noted in 60% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Didepil seems to be an effective antiepileptic agent in maximal generalized seizures as well as in temporal lobe seizures. PMID- 714223 TI - [Effect of phenytoin on peripheral motor neurons]. AB - The author reports the results of investigations on the effect of Phenytoin Polfa on the peripheral motor neuron in relation to the serum drug levels. The investigated group included 42 epileptics treated for 7 to 30 years with phenytoin in daily doses of 300--400 mg. In all cases neurological examination was done, the serum phenytoin level was determined, basic EMG investigation, conduction velocity measurement in motor fibres of peripheral nerves, and stimulation test for disclosing myasthenic fatiguability were performed. In the conclusion the author states that phenytoin in the doses used caused no changes in conduction velocity in the motor fibres. Changes suggesting possible lesion of the peripheral motor neuron were found in only 7.1% of basic EMG records. Evidence of fatiguability in stimulation test was found in 28.6% of cases, they were not correlated with the serum drug level duration of treatment, subjective changes and objective findings. PMID- 714224 TI - [Changes in cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration in children following surgery for cerebellar medulloblastoma]. AB - In 10 children after operations for cerebellar medulloblastoma treated with intrathecal injections of methotrexate changes were studied in the concentration of total protein in the cerebrospinal fluid and in different electrophoretic fractions of proteins. The investigations were begun 1 to 3 months after the operation and were continued usually at monthly time intervals. In each child considerable variations were observed in the concentration of total protein as well as in the proportions of protein electrophoretic fractions in the period of treatment lasting from 14 to 59 months after the operation. Significant individual variations were observed also in the level of total protein fractions pattern in the cerebrospinal fluid. Out of 116 electrophorograms in 42 the protein fraction pattern in the cerebrospinal fluid approached very much that found in patients with cerebellar medulloblastoma before the operation, with a significant rise in the proportion of albumins. The origin of cerebrospinal fluid proteins is discussed. PMID- 714225 TI - [Cerebral bioelectrical activity disorders in acute hydrazine poisoning]. AB - The authors report changes in the bioelectric activity of the brain in acute, severe, suicidal poisoning with hydrazide. The observed group comprised 10 patients, 9 were admitted in coma, 7 had convulsions. Normal EEG tracing was found in a case of combined poisoning with hydrazide and diazepam. Low-voltage tracings with a tendency for bioelectric inactivity development were observed in 2 cases with lethal outcome. In the remaining cases high-grade diffuse changes were present, in three of them seizure activity was present additionally. Full evolution of bioelectric changes was observed in 5 patients. The time of return of normal activity ranged from several days to several weeks. Very slow improvement with incomplete normalization was found in mixed intoxication (hydrazide, barbiturates) treated with haemodialysis. The authors think that in cases with persistence of EEG changes despite regression of acute signs of poisoning intensive treatment with vitamins B should be continued. PMID- 714226 TI - [Value of rheographic studies in the diagnosis of epileptogenic foci in temporal lobe epilepsy]. AB - Using a type II Siemens rheograph 100 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy aged 18--36 years were investigated. In each case rheographic investigation was done in sitting and lying position, at rest and after hyperventilation in both these positions. The shape of the descending arm of the main wave of the averaged rheoencephalographic curve was analysed in detail. In 89 cases unilateral presence of h1 wave was found, which was absent in the rheograms of healthy subjects, and h2 wave was present also. The shape of the remaining rheographic curves in this population was not different from the records obtained in healthy subjects. In 92 patients EEG investigations demonstrated focal changes were found, in 8 bilateral changes were present, prevalent on one side. In 85 cases h waves were present on the side of the epileptogenic focus, and in 4 cases it was present contralaterally but only in patients with bilateral EEG changes. The results of these investigations point to differences in the haemodynamic conditions in the temporal lobes in healthy subjects and in most patients with temporal lobe epilepsy on the side of the epileptogenic focus. Rheographic investigations was found to be useful for determination of the side of the epileptogenic focus. PMID- 714227 TI - [Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients with hydrocephalus of various intensities]. AB - In 12 patients with hydrocephalus caused by posterior fossa tumours continuous measurements of intraventricular CSFP were done before and after implantation of ventriculoatrial valve and after tumour removal. A fall of the mean CSFP from 31.57 mm Hg to 15.32 mm Hg was observed after valve implantation, and a further fall of the mean CSFP to 10.55 mm Hg after removal of the tumour. After valve implantation pathological A and B waves disappeared. Absence of improvement after different stages of treatment indicated poor functioning of the valve, but it was observed also in patients with inoperable tumours. PMID- 714228 TI - [Vertebrobasilar circulation disorders: selected diagnostic problems]. PMID- 714229 TI - [Isolated temporary pharyngeal paralysis in childhood. Viral neuroinfection with a mild course?]. AB - The authors describe a boy aged 14 years who had identical signs as those described in 1976 in cases of isolated temporary pharyngeal paralysis (Edin et al). In this syndrome Sullivan and Carlson (1976) observed a rise in the titre of antibodies to Herpes simplex virus, and Nussey (1977) found in it infection caused by Coxsackie type A9 virus. In the presently reported case full serological and virological investigations were not done. PMID- 714230 TI - [Short-lived semi-atrophy of the tongue]. AB - The author describes a 47-year-old patient in whom lingual hemiatrophy developed one month after angina. The development of hemiatrophy was preceded by occipital headaches and pain behind the ear on the side of hemiatrophy. In the differential diagnosis the author excluded inflammatory processes neoplasms and developmental anomalies and thinks that the cause of this short-lasting hemiatrophy might have been tonsillitis with compression of the nerve by the oedematous inflamed tissues with action of bacterial toxins on the nerve. PMID- 714231 TI - [Myeloscintigraphic findings in a case of intradural leptomeningeal cyst]. AB - The authors report the application of myeloscintigraphy in a case of intradural leptomeningeal cyst. Only 16 such cases have been described as yet in world literature. Myeloscintigraphy was found in this case a more objective and accurate method than myelography and permitted not only the compressing mass to be recognized but it determined also the upper and lower limits of the mass which is important for surgical intervention. PMID- 714232 TI - [Case of subdural hygroma]. AB - A 7-month-old boy with postnatal jaundice was operated upon at the age of 3 months for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis associated with water and electrolyte metabolism disturbances. During induction of anaesthesia cardiorespiratory arrest occurred. The child was resuscitated successfully. After the operation bilateral pneumonia developed. After 3 months of relatively good health signs of increased intracranial pressure developed with high-grade papilloedema. Ventriculography with subdurography demonstrated presence of an extensive subdural hygroma about 2 cm thick. One year after treatment the condition of the child and his development are completely satisfactory. PMID- 714233 TI - [Case of hemiphlegic migraine with atypical angiographic findings]. AB - Hemiplegic migraine was observed in a boy aged 16 years. The family history was unquestionable and the duration of hemiplegia was prolonged. Carotid angiography after regression of clinical signs showed a particularly profuse passage of the contrast to the contralateral side and to the area of vascularization of the basilar artery. It is supposed that particularly favourable connections existed in this case in the arterial vascular bed of the brain, with possible hypotonia of the arterial walls in this area. PMID- 714234 TI - [Microcirculation (author's transl)]. PMID- 714235 TI - [Angiographical study on cerebral vasospasm following rupture of intracranial aneurysm (2nd report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 714236 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of prolactin in neurosurgical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 714237 TI - [Myelographical findings of the lumbar canal stenosis--special reference to neurogenic intermittent claudication (author's transl)]. PMID- 714238 TI - [Experimental spinal cord compression by epidural neoplasms (author's transl)]. PMID- 714239 TI - [Treatment of giant aneurysms (author's transl)]. PMID- 714240 TI - [A case of giant aneurysm at the posterior cerebral artery (author's transl)]. AB - Giant aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery was very rare. The authors could seek only 6 cases in published literature. We experienced one case of the giant aneurysm at the posterior cerebral artery. The case was 25 years old female. She occasionaly complained of headache and nausea for 4 years before administration. Cerebral angiogram revealed a giant aneurysm of the right posterior cerebral artery with slightly dilated ventricle. CT scan revealed a ring shape high density area and its high density area enhanced by Conray infusion. A clipping of posterior cerebral artery at the just proximal point of the aneurysmal neck was done, because adhesion of the aneurysm to the brain stem was very tight and the aneurysmal neck was very broad. After the operation, giant aneurysm was not seen on both angiogram and CT scan. Patient did not complain of headache any more and any defect of the visual field. PMID- 714241 TI - [Surgical treatment of extracranial internal carotid occlusion--a case of thrombo endarterectomy using Fogarty catheter (author's transl)]. PMID- 714242 TI - [Surgical treatment of upper cervical chordoma (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment of upper cervical chordoma is generally considered to be difficult one, because of serious troubles in supporting cranio-spinal junction after the surgery and at the recurrence. Clinical course of a 22-year-old man with chordoma originated from C2 vertebral body was reported, and the operation for such a condition were discussed with emphasis on the mode of craniovertebral fixation. Simple subtotal removal of the vertebral chordoma was carried out by posterior approach at the first operation. The second one was necessary fourteen months later for recurrence of the tumor. At the second surgery, in addition to the tumor removal, posterior fusion between the occipital bone and the C4 lamina was performed with homologous iliac bone graft, the center of which was kept slightly lateral to the lesion. This procedure of fixation not only enabled a sufficient removal of the residual tumor without loosening the bone graft, but also shortened the bedridden time following the subsequent operations for the recurrence, and finally resulted in an excellent recovery in his clinical symptoms. It is considered to be important to select the most adequate approach of surgery, including fixation technique, according to the extension of the tumor. We would emphasize the usefulness of paramedian posterior fusion of the cranio-spinal junction for such a condition of wide tumor invasion in the high cervical region. PMID- 714243 TI - [Brain metastases from primary cardiac myxosarcoma--report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A very rare case of a myxosarcoma with metastases to the brain is reported. A 33 year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of lassitude, fever, slight left hemiparesis, headache and other signs of intracranial hypertension and cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea and palpitation. She had the cardiac symptoms once 14 years before, which reappeared and rapidly aggravated two months before the admission. Cerebral angiography revealed a mass in the right temporal lobe and physical and laboratory examinations revealed mitral value failure and hyperthyroidism. On the next day, March 19, 1976, a grossly cystic 60 gm tumor was totally removed which was largely imbedded in the subcortex of the right temporal lobe. The symptoms except for the cardiac symptoms and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy rapidly improved, but headache and left hemiparesis returned 13 days postoperatively. She died suddenly 18 days after the operation due to acute cardiac failure. Autopsy revealed two separate hard and solid tumors both attached to the mitral valve and occupied the whole left atrium and another metastasis to the frontal lobe which had not been diagnosed before the death. Microscopic examinations including electronmicroscopic study established the diagnosis of myxosarcoma in all the four tumors. PMID- 714244 TI - [Malignant meningioma following irradiation therapy for ependymoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 714245 TI - Dopaminergic nerve endings in the neostriatum of the rat--1. Identification by intracerebral injections of 5-hydroxydopamine. PMID- 714246 TI - Dopaminergic nerve endings in the neostriatum of the rat--2. Radioautographic study following local micro-injections of tritiated dopamine. PMID- 714247 TI - Membrane ultrastructure of the giant synapse of the squid Loligo pealei. PMID- 714248 TI - Blood-brain barrier in rats to the hemepetide microperoxidase. PMID- 714249 TI - Periodic behavioral changes during hippocampal theta rhythm elicited by septal stimulation in rats. PMID- 714250 TI - Sodium dependence of taurine uptake in rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 714251 TI - Subcortical projections to the prefrontal cortex in the rat as revealed by the horseradish peroxidase technique. PMID- 714252 TI - On the origin of the climbing fibers of the cerebellum. An experimental study in the cat with an autoradiographic tracing method. PMID- 714253 TI - Effect of cholinergic drugs on the brainstem auditory evoked responses (far field) in rats. PMID- 714254 TI - Turnover of adenine nucleotides in cholinergic synaptic vesicles of the Torpedo electric organ. PMID- 714255 TI - Fluorescence microscopic studies on sulphomucous of the alimentary canal in an Indian freshwater major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) by ferric alum coriphosphine and coriphosphine-thiazol yellow methode. PMID- 714256 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity for isolated hepatocytes in acute viral and chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 714257 TI - [Distribution of HBs Ag and HBs Ab in the hospital population]. PMID- 714258 TI - [Immunological study of carriers of Australia antigen (HBsAg)]. PMID- 714259 TI - [Pharmacology of immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 714260 TI - Immunosuppressive therapy in chronic liver disease. AB - Immunosuppressive treatment with prednisolone and/or azathioprine has been assessed in three chronic liver diseases with immunological features, namely chronic active hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis and primary biliary cirrhosis. In chronic active hepatitis, controlled prospective clinical trials have shown clinical, biochemical and hepatic histological improvement when prednisolone with or without azathioprine is employed. Azathioprine alone has no advantage over placebo tablets. Cirrhosis is probably not prevented. Selection of patients for treatment, the response and therapeutic regimes are discussed. Patients with hepatitis B surface antigen positive chronic active hepatitis have a worse therapeutic response than those patients with chronic active hepatitis who are HBsAg negative. In primary biliary cirrhosis, corticosteroid treatment is contra indicated on account of bone thinning. Azathioprine has been used in controlled clinical trials and is of only marginal benefit. PMID- 714261 TI - [Immunodepressive therapy of hemoblastosis]. AB - If the Burnet's hypothesis of the antieoplastic "immunological surveillance" is strictly interpreted, it would result unappropriate to speak of "immunosuppressive therapy" in malignant hemoblastoses and allied neoplastic diseases, although the treatment of such affections consists of the administration of mostly immune system-depressing agent. Such an effect is strictly associated with the antiproliferative and cytotoxic action. Thus, according such theories, consequent immunological depression should be considered as an "unwanted effect" related to a treatment that had been started for quite different purposes. Neverthelese recent medical literature reports several works which seem to evidence the immunological barrier insufficiency against neoplastic illnesses. Thus the above mentioned theories have been often criticized. After such considerations the Author emphasizes that also the treatment now used in some chronic lymphatic affections may be considered as an immune system depressing cure. The same is true for drugs used against autoimmune occurrences observed during malignant hemoblastoses. In a next future such a treatment will be in all probability followed more extensively, if more specific anti-lymphocyte drugs will be discovered, and in relation with recent attempts of transplantating normal bone marrow into leukaemic patients. PMID- 714262 TI - Immunosuppression or immunostimulation or both? PMID- 714263 TI - [Post-infarction mitral insufficiency]. PMID- 714264 TI - [Gestosis in the third trimester. Past and present experiences. Results]. PMID- 714265 TI - [The Munchausen syndrome. Clinical case reports]. PMID- 714266 TI - [Pulmonary miliaria caused by Toxoplasma gondii in an adult]. PMID- 714267 TI - [Neoplasm-like regional enteritis]. PMID- 714268 TI - [Benign tumors of the stomach: fibroma. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 714269 TI - [Acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 714270 TI - [Cardiac injuries]. PMID- 714271 TI - [Preliminary impressions concerning early rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 714272 TI - [Gastric secretion. Its mechanisms under normal and pathological conditions]. PMID- 714273 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of urinary 17-ketosteroids in normal adults of various ages]. AB - The excretion of individual urinary 17-ketosteroids, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol, as measured in 98 healthy adults subdivided into groups according to age and sex, by means of a gas chromatographic analysis method based on enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction with ethyl ether, and conversion of the extracted steroids into trimethylsilyl ethers. The results showed that age and sex substantially influence the steroid pattern. Metabolites with 5-alpha configuration are predominant in young subjects; those with 5-beta configuration are pre-eminent in the more advanced ages, particularly in women. Metabolites with definite androgenous significance (C19O2-17KS) decline rapidly with advancing age, while the C19O3-17KS undergo a lesser decrease. PMID- 714274 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia. Clinical case report]. AB - The clinico-histologico-biological picture of a recently identified haematological condition distinguished by marked superficial generalized adenomegaly, a typical lymph node biopsy report (lively immunoblastic and angioblastic proliferation, deposits of PAS-positive eosinophil homogenous material) and hypergammaglobulinaemia (polyclonal gammopathy) and defined as angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia, is described. On the basis of numerous reported cases and the clinical case in question, the pathogenetic interpretation whereby the condition is considered as a reaction in similar fashion to what is already known for the so-called GvHr (transplant to host reaction), independently of the as yet unknown and perhaps many-sided aetiological factor, is upheld. The condition is substantially benign, although the possibility that it will become malignant cannot be excluded. It is highly sensitive to radiant, cytostatic and cortiocosteroid therapy although there are profound prognostic reservations about its great susceptibility to infections, particularly at respiratory level. PMID- 714276 TI - [The Dardik vascular prosthesis. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 714275 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical research on a new aminoglycoside antibiotic: sisomicin]. AB - Results obtained with sisomycin in 10 cases of purulent meningitis and 4 of bronchopulmonitis showed good tissue diffusion, together with CSF concentrations sufficient to inhibit the main aetiological agents in these forms: MIC 0.02 mg/ml for both D. pneumoniae (I-ATCC 6301) and N. meningitidis (C-ATCC 13101), i.e. liquor transfer of the antibiotic more than sufficient to handle these agents. PMID- 714277 TI - [Analgesia by acupuncture. Possibilities and limitations. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 714278 TI - [Reflexoanalgesia in neurosurgery]. PMID- 714279 TI - [Acupuncture and drug addiction. Preliminary considerations concerning some ongoing experiments]. PMID- 714280 TI - [Acupuncture in the treatment of cardiac neurosis. Considerations and hypotheses on its therapeutic effect]. PMID- 714281 TI - [A case of dental abscess with visualization of the meridian of the large intestine]. PMID- 714282 TI - [Psychological and social aspects of drug addiction in adolescence]. PMID- 714283 TI - [Adolescence and drugs]. PMID- 714284 TI - [Smoke and the respiratory tract in adolescents]. PMID- 714285 TI - [Rehabilitation of drug addicts. Proposal for reintegration into society. Subdivision of the drugs used: opiates, psychodelic agents, antidepressive agents, sympathomimetic agents. Physical deintoxication]. PMID- 714286 TI - [Physiopathology of adolescence]. PMID- 714287 TI - [Nutritional deficiency and diseases caused by civilization]. PMID- 714288 TI - [Adolescence and diet]. PMID- 714289 TI - [Problems of adolescence as viewed by the pediatrician]. PMID- 714290 TI - [Prevention and treatment of myopia in adolescence]. PMID- 714291 TI - [The hemophilic child and adolescent. Medical, psychological and social problems]. PMID- 714292 TI - [Incidence of some otorhinolaryngologic morbid manifestations in adolescence]. PMID- 714293 TI - [Obesity in the adolescent]. PMID- 714294 TI - [Osteochondrosis of growth: Scheuermann's disease]. PMID- 714295 TI - [Dental caries and adolescence]. PMID- 714296 TI - [The adolescent in contemporary society]. PMID- 714297 TI - [Adolescence and sex]. PMID- 714298 TI - [Genetic research on the time of manifestation of puberty]. PMID- 714299 TI - [The children of adolescent mothers. Health statistical study of 3,102 women of a Roman village]. PMID- 714300 TI - [Use and abuse of the minipill in adolescence]. PMID- 714301 TI - [Pregnancy in adolescence and its problems]. PMID- 714302 TI - [Gonosome pathology and adolescence. Importance of early diagnosis]. PMID- 714303 TI - [Status of adolescence in the modern world. Occupational orientation and training]. PMID- 714304 TI - [Group discussion as a means of approach to the problem of scholastic and vocational choices]. PMID- 714305 TI - [Adolescence and modern mass media]. PMID- 714306 TI - [Renal perfusion and the renin-angiotensin system in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 714307 TI - Diabetes and dietary fiber. PMID- 714308 TI - Dietary regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 714309 TI - Choline deficiency and activities of liver enzymes that synthesize phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 714310 TI - Mode of antagonism of vitamin K by anticoagulants. PMID- 714311 TI - A clinic for senior citizens. PMID- 714312 TI - In anticipation of the geriatric nurse practitioner. PMID- 714313 TI - Critical issues of the nurse practitioner movement. PMID- 714314 TI - The four(teen) minute mile. PMID- 714315 TI - Iron deficiency anemia among the elderly. PMID- 714316 TI - Health maintenance organizations. PMID- 714317 TI - Part 2. Physicians' attitudes toward employment of nurse practitioners. PMID- 714318 TI - Hearing loss in the geriatric patient. PMID- 714319 TI - Fetal breathing movements. Characteristics and clinical significance. AB - Ultrasonic real-time B-mode technique was used to record fetal breathing movements (FBM) in 100 consecutively examined women in late pregnancy. During the "inspiratory" phase of the FBM cycle, the diaphragm of the fetus contracts and moves in caudal direction. The diaphragmatic movement is accompanied by a retraction of the thorax with maximum inward movement of the lower sternum and by an expansion of the fetal abdomen. During "expiration" all structures return to their initial position. The incidence of FBM found in 24 pregnancies with various disorders was significantly lower than that in the 76 uncomplicated pregnancies (P less than 0.001). In 92% of the observations in which FBM were present for more than 5 minutes within 30-minute recording, this finding indicated an unaffected pregnancy at the time of the examination. No correlation was found between the FBM results and the subsequent course and outcome of the pregnancies. PMID- 714320 TI - Standardization of sonar cephalometry and gestational age. AB - At present a large number of different charts are used for prediction of gestational age from sonar biparietal diameter (BPD). In this report the reasons for these observed differences are presented. Additionally, the usefulness of all these charts is questioned because a) the mean differences in 7059 BPDs derived by the B-scan from four large fetal population studies are not significantly different from zero and b) BPDs obtained by B scan are statistically comparable to gray-scale or real-time BPDs if medium gain is used. Thus, it is our suggestion that a chart showing the composite mean BPD values of all four studies be used universally for prediction of fetal age. Finally, the guidelines of using sonar BPD as an index of gestational age are presented and the role of the obstetrician in interpreting BPD data is emphasized. PMID- 714321 TI - Changes of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE during pregnancy. AB - The serum levels of immunoglobulins at various times throughout pregnancy were measured in 11 healthy women. The concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM decreased significantly in the second and third trimesters, the mean decreases at the second trimester being 18, 13, and 9%, respectively. When the decreases were expressed on the basis of serum total protein, the decreases in IgG and IgA were significant but the decrease in IgM was not. The level of IgE either decreased or increased during pregnancy. Maternal age, emesis, ABO-incompatibility, and the sex and weight of the baby at birth were not related to the initial concentration or to the extent of decrease of immunoglobulins during pregnancy. In a case of Rh incompatibility, increase of immunoglobulins was observed concomitantly with the transient appearance of anti-Rh(D) antibody. Immunoglobulin depletion in pregnancy seems to result from both immune suppression and hemodilution. PMID- 714322 TI - Prostaglandin F2alpha levels in human ovarian plasma in pregnancy and in a case of Halban's disease. AB - It has been demonstrated that the ovary bearing the corpus luteum in the human is responsible for the major portion of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), total estrogen, and progestin production during the luteal phase of a normal menstrual cycle. This study was performed with the intent to gain more information about the secretion of PGF2alpha in conditions that prolong the life span of the corpus luteum, such as pregnancy and Halban's disease. Utilizing a specific radioimmunoassay for PGF2alpha, ovarian venous plasma levels were measured in 7 pregnant women and in a patient with Halban's disease. During the first and second trimester of pregnancy, PGF2alpha values in plasma from the active and inactive ovary were comparable and were significantly lower than concentrations in plasma from the active ovary during the luteal phase of the normal cycle. In a patient with persistent corpus luteum or Halban's disease, PGF2alpha concentrations of venous plasma from the ovary bearing the corpus luteum were significantly lower than those obtained from the contralateral ovary. These observations indirectly support the hypothesis that prostaglandins produced within the ovary may have a role in luteal regression. PMID- 714323 TI - Comparison of prostaglandin and hypertonic saline for termination of pregnancy. AB - The abortifacient efficacy and complication rate of the administration of hypertonic saline intraamniotically to 796 women were compared with those following administration of various prostaglandins by several routes to 3783 women. Intraamniotic administration of 2.5 mg 15-methyl-PGF2alpha or repeated vaginal administration of 15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester were both highly effective. The interval from treatment to abortion following prostaglandin administration was significantly shorter than that following hypertonic saline. The frequency of complications varied with prostaglandin compound and route of administration but was generally of the same magnitude as that following hypertonic saline administration. None of the prostaglandin-treated patients experienced epileptic seizures, and no maternal deaths occurred. PMID- 714324 TI - Oral contraceptive estrogen and plasma lipid levels. AB - Blood samples were obtained from 20 women, aged 18 to 30 years, before and during the use of selected oral contraceptives. The contraceptive preparation containing 100 microgram mestranol induced increases in triglycerides, esterified cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipids. Ethinyl estradiol with norgestrol, on the other hand, tended to decrease the lipid levels, while preparations containing only 50 microgram mestranol produced no significant change in the levels of the four substances. The levels produced by each of these three preparations did not exceed the normal limits. A cyclic fluctuation was observed in the monthly cycles. PMID- 714325 TI - Relaxing effects of Nifedipine on the nonpregnant human uterus in vitro and in vivo. AB - The effects of the calcium antagonist Nifedipine were investigated on isolated human myometrium and on uterine activity in healthy women during their first menstrual days. Nifedipine (0.01-1.0 microgram/ml) had a concentration-related inhibiting effect on spontaneous activity of the myometrial strips, and relaxed preparations contracted by potassium. In vivo, Nifedipine (20-30 mg) given orally, effectively and rapidly reduced uterine activity, decreasing both amplitude and frequency of uterine contractions, and reduced basal tone. A moderate increase in heart rate and a transient facial flushing were noted, but otherwise no side effects were observed. Calcium antagonists like Nifedipine represent a new approach to the problem of relaxing the myometrium, and might be an interesting therapeutic alternative in situations where inhibition of unwanted uterine activity is desirable. PMID- 714326 TI - Bromocriptine. Clinical experience in the induction of pregnancy in amenorrhea galactorrhea syndrome. AB - This study included a group of 50 women with amenorrhea-galactorrhea who were treated with bromocriptine (2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine). Forty-two of these patients ovulated, and 36 conceived within 8 months of treatment. The pregnancies of 30 women reached a duration of 20 weeks or longer following ovulation induced by bromocriptine. Except in 1 case which ended in 10-week spontaneous abortion, the pregnancies of 26 patients terminated in 24 single, one twin, and one triplet births. All of the 29 newborns were healthy, and no congenital malformations were detected. The main side effects during treatment were transient constipation and nausea. Following delivery, return to pretreatment status was noted in all patients, which supports the fact that bromocriptine is not a curative agent. PMID- 714327 TI - Circulating pituitary-gonadal hormones in clomiphene-induced cycles. AB - Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 7 patients who had ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin. Six of the 7 patients ovulated. There was higher increase in FSH than LH in 3 patients who also showed a midcycle FSH and LH peak. Plasma PRL was initially elevated in 2 patients, remained normal (less than 25 ng/ml) throughout the cycle in one patient, and showed an increase in the late luteal phase in 3 patients. Plasma E2 showed a good response at the end of clomiphene intake, with a subsequent preovulatory surge. Plasma P increased to more than 25 ng/ml in patients who ovulated and reached higher levels than in normal ovulatory cycles. Plasma T increased and decreased in a similar pattern to plasma E2 and was higher with clomiphene therapy than in the normal menstrual cycle. Plasma DHT remained similar to concentrations found in normal menstrual cycles. The findings are discussed in relation to the effect of clomiphene and these hormones on the pituitary-ovarian axis, ovulation rate, and conception rate. PMID- 714328 TI - Extent of columnar epithelium on the ectocervix between the ages of 1 and 13 years. AB - Among 103 girls between the ages of 1 year and the prepubertal period, who came to autopsy, the incidence of columnar epithelium on the ectocervix was 42.7%. The extent of this change was mostly small, exceeding 30% of the length of the ectocervix in only 9 subjects. In some girls, only areas of squamous metaplasia or residual columnar structures (glands, channels, nabothian cysts) were present. The diagnosis of columnar epithelium in photographs at low magnification or by colposcopy is least exact among older girls. Such diagnostic difficulties appear to be related mainly to the small extent of columnar epithelium and to the diminished structural difference between areas of the original squamous epithelium and the columnar epithelium on the ectocervix. PMID- 714329 TI - Comparison of histologic and colposcopic findings in DES-exposed females. AB - A study was undertaken to evaluate the histologic alterations associated with two of the most abnormal colposcopic findings, mosaicism and punctation, that are commonly found in the vaginas and cervices of young women who have been exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES). Four-fifths of 215 biopsy specimens from 171 exposed subjects with mosaicism or punctation disclosed metaplastic squamous epithelium, the presence of which is thought to reflect the repair of vaginal adenosis and cervical ectropion. Hyperkeratosis was observed in one-fifth of the specimens and was more frequent in lesions colposcopically graded I than II. Mild dysplasia was encountered in only one specimen. The findings indicate that the presence of squamous cell dysplasia cannot be predicted by the finding of Grade I or II mosaicism or punctation in the DES-exposed female despite the fact that these abnormal colposcopic patterns are associated with dysplasia in about 10% of cases when encountered in the cervix of the unexposed woman. PMID- 714330 TI - Cooperative approach to the treatment of cervical cancer. AB - This study covers 20 years' experience in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. Improved results and a decreased rate of major complications are seen as a result of a cooperative approach in treatment planning and careful dosimetry. Comparisons are made with large treatment centers as well as with national survival rates. Preliminary results with improved radiotherapeutic techniques continue to show improvement in survival rates. PMID- 714331 TI - Renal hamartoma (angiomyolipoma) with spontaneous rupture during pregnancy. AB - A 25-year-old pregnant patient at term with spontaneous rupture of the kidney and massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage from a renal hamartoma is described. A discussion of the case and a brief review of the literature on this rare tumor is included. PMID- 714332 TI - Intestinal laceration secondary to clamping of an occult omphalocele. AB - An omphalocele is a congenital defect of the abdominal wall, through which intestines and other intraabdominal organs protrude outside the abdominal cavity. The defect in the abdominal wall is covered by a translucent sac composed of peritoneum internally and amniotic membrane externally, through which the viscera can be seen. Such an anomaly is obvious and easily recognized at birth when the defect in the abdominal wall is large, but a small defect, also designated as umbilical cord hernia, is often unnoticed and may, when the cord is clamped, result in an iatrogenic laceration of the gut. We report such an encounter to alert the physician and suggest a method to prevent the iatrogenic misadventure. A careful follow-up of the child, including developmental evaluation, is presented and compared with her healthy twin. A review of the relevant literature shows that the anomaly is not rare and that there is often a delay of several days in establishing the correct diagnosis, leading to a fatal outcome in some cases. PMID- 714333 TI - Hilus cell tumor of the ovary and endometrial carcinoma. AB - A case of hilus cell tumour of the ovary was found in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, the sixth such case reported in the literature. Serum levels of estradiol-17beta, progesterone, and testosterone were measured before and after surgical removal of the tumor and after dexamethasone suppression in the postoperative period. Only testosterone appeared to be related to the presence of the hilus cell tumor; its levels decreased after removal of the tumor. PMID- 714334 TI - Virilization in Turner syndrome. AB - A case of gonadal dysgenesis in a phenotypic female associated with neoplastic changes is presented. The patient typified a classic case of Turner syndrome with a 45, XO chromosomal compliment, becoming virilized as a result of the development of bilateral hilar cell hyperplasia in her dysgenetic gonads. The malignant potential of the dysgenetic gonad is stressed in this report. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are emphasized as the two factors that make the difference in the outcome of the patient with gonadal dysgenesis. PMID- 714335 TI - A sensitive hemagglutination assay of human chorionic gonadotropin in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - Hemagglutination assay of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the urine of patients suspected of having ectopic pregnancies has proved to be a highly sensitive method of detecting the condition. Moreover, the technique is simple and inexpensive. Hemagglutination assays were used in 167 patients with a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and in screening 415 patients in whom there was a possibility of ectopic pregnancy. In the former group, hCG titers in urine of more than 500 IU/liter were detected in 136 patients: among the remaining 31, the pregnancies were clinically old and resolving in 22. Low hCG titers were associated with a significantly shorter period of amenorrhea and a protracted clinical course. In the second group, a false-positive rate of 1.7% occurred when the sensitivity of the assay was limited. Increasing the sensitivity of the assay to avoid false-negative results, though also increasing the false-positive rate, would help to reduce the number of cases in which more complex isotope assays are required. PMID- 714336 TI - Transabdominal cervical cerclage during pregnancy. A modified technique. AB - A modified surgical technique for carrying out cervical cerclage by the transabdominal route during pregnancy is presented. It is designed for the patient whose cervix is so short or damaged that the transvaginal procedure is not feasible. Basically, the method consists of a standard laparotomy at which a nylon tape is placed around the uterine isthmus medial to the uterine vessels and fixed to the anterior isthmus, Mackenrodt's ligaments, and to the insertions of the uterosacral ligaments. Results in 10 cases are reported. There were no operative or postoperative complications. One case was terminated by early spontaneous abortion and 2 by hysterotomy at 26 and 30 weeks, respectively, because of placenta previa. Seven cases were terminated by cesarean section at or near term, with delivery of 7 infants who survived. The 7 mothers had had a total of 50 prior pregnancies with only 5 living children; 4 of them had ahd 25 prior pregnancies with no living children. Various aspects of the procedure are discussed. PMID- 714337 TI - Evaluation of a dipstick for candida. AB - Differentiation of the infecting organism is important in determining effective therapy for vaginitis. The utility of a simple, dehydrated culture strip in detecting Candida infections was assessed by culturing specimens from 203 patients, 83 with symptoms of vaginitis. Parallel culture (Sabouraud's medium) and identification were performed in every fourth case by an independent clinical laboratory; KOH preparations for Candida were examined in every case. In 48 of 50 cases, the strip agreed with Sabouraud's culture; one culture was lost due to laboratory error, and one strip did not become positive until after 48 hours' incubation. Only 70% of KOH preparations revealed Candida when the strip culture was positive. Diagnostically superior to the KOH preparation and nearly equal to a Sabouraud's culture, the strip was simple to use, inexpensive, and reliable; as such, it is a useful addition in the ob-gyn office or clinic for routine screening for vaginal candidiasis. PMID- 714338 TI - Abortion failure. PMID- 714339 TI - Computerized axial tomography payment. PMID- 714340 TI - Management of retinal detachments. PMID- 714341 TI - Genetic services in Ohio. A regional approach. PMID- 714342 TI - Conservative or resurfacing total hip replacement. PMID- 714343 TI - The relationship between unemployment and health. PMID- 714344 TI - Comparison of national health service systems. Who has the answers? PMID- 714345 TI - The case for conservative management of cancer. PMID- 714346 TI - [Complex diagnosis of tumors of the orbit]. PMID- 714347 TI - [Clinical characteristics of a neuroblastoma of the orbit]. PMID- 714348 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcomas of the orbit]. PMID- 714349 TI - [Classification and clinical characteristics of the eye lesions in drug allergy]. PMID- 714350 TI - [Results of organ-preserving treatment in tumors of the iridociliary region and the indications for its use]. PMID- 714351 TI - [Moderate local hypothermia and its use in certain eye diseases]. PMID- 714352 TI - [Results of the long-term observation of the iridencleisis operation]. PMID- 714353 TI - [Use of a constant magnetic field from magnetophors in the treatment of penetrating wounds to the cornea]. PMID- 714354 TI - [Effect of a constant magnetic field of "low" intensity on the physiological regeneration of the cornea]. PMID- 714355 TI - [Oxidative phosphorylation and respiration uncoupling in the human lens epithelium in senile cataract]. PMID- 714356 TI - [Discussion on intra- and extracapsular cataract extraction]. PMID- 714357 TI - [Method of excising dense secondary cataracts]. PMID- 714358 TI - [Method for the precise location of Schlemn's canal in the course of an operation for glaucoma]. PMID- 714359 TI - [Treatment of sclerotic macular dystrophy]. PMID- 714360 TI - [Case of an undiagnosed foreign body remaining a long time in the orbit]. PMID- 714361 TI - [Level of immunoreactive follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary and blood of human fetuses]. AB - The FSH content in the hypophysis and blood serum was determined by means of radioimmunology in 367 human foetuses at the age of 8 to 34 weeks. The immunoreactive FSH was detected in the hypophysis on the 9th week of embryogenesis. The ability of the hypophysis to release FSH in the blood was demonstrated for the female foetuses at the age of 14 to 34 weeks (with the maximum during the 17--18th week) and for the male foetuses at the age of 19 to 31 weeks. Sexual differences in the FSH content were shown in the hypophysis from the 14th till the 34th and in the blood serum from the 14th till the 26th week of development. PMID- 714362 TI - [Lipid composition of the gonads of female Strongylocentrotus nudus sea urchins at different stages of development]. AB - Changes in the content and composition of lipids in the gonads of the Strongylocentrotus nudus females during the annual cycle of their development were studied. The qualitative composition of lipids was shown not to change. There were found cerebrosides, sulfatides, free fatty acids, diphosphatidyl glycerine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine, lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphytidyl ethanolamine, phosphatide acid, sphingomyelin and non-identified phospholipids X1 and X2 in the gonads. The relative content of individual classes of phospholipids suffers marked changes. The similarity in the content of total lipids and their individual classes at the 2nd and 5th stages confirms the existence of two generations of oocytes (Gnezdilova, 1971). The relationship between the lipid composition and the morphological state of the gonads with respect to the stage of development is discussed. PMID- 714363 TI - [Regeneration of a whole worm from a small fragment of the body of Dugesia tigrina planaria following repeated removal of regenerates]. AB - The ability of restoration of the whole worm from a small body fragment was not reduced after 8 removals of the anterior and posterior regenerates. The polarity of restoring fragments in the most cases corresponded to the initial one. Upon the colchicine effect on the restoring fragments which accompanied the repeated removal of the regenerates, a high percentage of cases of incomplete somatic embryogenesis was observed: the formation of bi- and multipolar forms. The formation of regenerates is realized by neoblasts. Upon the repeated removal of regenerates, the dedifferentiated intestine cells appear to take part in the restorative processes as well. PMID- 714364 TI - [Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana embryos following irradiation of the plants during the generative phase]. AB - The flowers and young legumes of Arabidopsis thaliana (phases of development B3- B7) were irradiated by gamma-rays at the dose of 4 kr. The irradiation did not influence the duration of phases of the flower development irrespective of the phase of irradiation. The cytological characteristics of embryos is given for each phase under study. The duration of developmental stages (from zygote till the spheroid stage) in the control and following the irradiation was practically the same. The irradiation induced different developmental abnormalities. The most frequent type: the first transversal division of the apical cell instead of the longitudinal one. The irregular division of the suspensor cells, delay in the apical cell division upon the normal suspensor division, irregular position of septa and irregular form of the embryonic body were also observed. The highest level of abnormalities in the formation of cotyledons was noted following the irradiation of young legumes (phases B6--B7). PMID- 714365 TI - [2d All-Union Symposium on Somatic Polyploidy]. PMID- 714367 TI - [The vitreous in aphakia]. AB - The authors have studied the vitreous in 150 aphakic eyes after uneventful operations. They were examined by the slit-lamp and the Goldmann three-mirror glass. Two types of lesions were revealed: (1) 42% showed rupture of the anterior hyaloid membrane; this is not considered dangerous. (2) 69.3% showed posterior detachment of the vitreous, a more serious lesion. It is often associated with retinal lesions such as haemorrhage, pigmentary anomalies, and retinal tears. In view of such lesions, one cannot consider the aphakic patient as a normal subject and aphakia as a physiological condition. The frequency of retinal detachment in the aphakic bears witness to it. PMID- 714366 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in a clinical case of oculoauricular dysplasia associated with mandibule-facial dysostosis (Franceschetti-Goldenhar syndrome)]. AB - The authors present a case of oculo-auricular dysplasia (type Goldenhar) associated with France-schetti's syndrome (mandibulo-facial dysostosis) and complicated by paralytic strabismus and genital malformations. Complete investigation failed to establish a precise aetiology; one suggests an external disturbance in the course of the organogenesis of the branchial arches. Aesthetic improvement was undertaken--removal of epibulbar dermoids, correction of the squint, and ablation of the preauricular appendages; functional orthodontic treatment continues. PMID- 714368 TI - Malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac. AB - A case of malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac in a 41-year-old woman is reported, which is propably the 12th one in the world literature. Dacryocystectomy is advisable at a localized stage. The importance of early diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 714369 TI - Optic nerve changes in chorioidal malignant melanoma. AB - The optic nerve has been investigated in 11 cases of chorioidal malignant melanoma. 10 cases showed central fascicular degeneration surrounded by a rim of myelinated nerve fibers. Microglia was regularly found demarkating the central changes and often within the demyelinated areas. The changes were found within all quadrants of the nerve and without any apparent correlation with defects in the visual field. PMID- 714370 TI - Retinal ischemia (capillary nonperfusion) and retinal neovascularization in patients with diabetic retinopathy. AB - 138 diabetic retinopathy patients with good fluorescein angiograms of the macular areas were studied. Areas of capillary nonperfusion (CNP) were surrounded by other capillary abnormalities and were often based on a larger retinal vessel. A satistically highly significant anatomical relationship was found between CNP and neovascularization. In addition, the frequency of neovascularization increased with the increase in size of CNP. PMID- 714371 TI - Orbital plasma cell tumours. AB - This paper reports two cases of orbital plasma cell tumours, one initially presenting as a localized lesion, but later developing dissemination and proving fatal within 7 months; the other presenting initially as a disseminated disease and apparently cured from that particular disease within 1 year, both on equivalent treatments. The importance of investigations for general disease (for therapeutic reasons) is emphasized as well as possibility of renal involvement and the unpredictability of the clinical course. PMID- 714372 TI - Combined operation for cataract and glaucoma. AB - In cases of cataract and glaucoma, we performed a cataract extraction combined with a Lagrange sclerectomy, a trabeculectomy or a Scheie's cauterization. We obtained the best results with Schie's cauterization. PMID- 714373 TI - [Seasonal rhythm of infectious eye disease in North Africa]. AB - The occurrence of infectious eye diseases in a hospital eye department on the island of Djerba in South Tunisia was analysed by mathematical-statistical methods. The seasonal influence was confirmed in accordance with the local traditional opinion and with previous research papers. PMID- 714374 TI - Macular hole in diabetic maculopathy. AB - Three patients with diabetic maculopathy had macular holes. It is suggested that shrinkage or traction of the fibrous proliferation on the edematous and exudative macula led to the formation of these macular holes. Photocoagulation is recommended in patients with macular holes with progressive diabetic retinopathy and visual acuity of less than 0.1. PMID- 714375 TI - [Periodic alternating nystagmus]. AB - In this report 2 cases of periodic alternating nystagmus are presented. The most important parameters of this oculomotor disturbance are shown by oculographic tracings. Discussing the literature it is attempted to cast a model of the pathophysiology of PAN. PMID- 714376 TI - [Primary choroidal alveolar soft part sarcoma. Ophthalmopathology and histogenesis]. AB - This is the first report on a primary choroidal alveolar soft part sarcoma in a 37-year-old male, who died 1 1/2 years following enucleation secondary to multiple metastases. Histology and differential diagnosis of this tumour are discussed. Histogenetically, because of the localization in the choroid, as far as the origin of these tumour cells is concerned, they supposedly stem from cell systems of the neuroectoderm. Since from these cell systems the malignant melanoma of the choroid arises too, a close relationship of these tumours is concluded. PMID- 714377 TI - Practical ptosis surgery. The Wendell L. Hughes Lecture. AB - The author has emphasized the concept that ptosis surgery should be done in a way that may be modified in the event that the immediate result is not satisfactory. The value of local injection plus fractional anesthesia in the adult allows the surgeon to solicit the aid of the patient to evaluate the result on the table more accurately. A regional block is unsatisfactory because the nerve supply to the levator muscle may be knocked out and titration of the result would not be possible at the time of surgery. The subaponeurotic tunnel without incising the conjunctiva makes a better anatomic dissection of the aponeurosis. The attachment to the tarsus of the advanced aponeurosis 2 to 3 mm from the ciliary border gives the surgeon a leeway of approximately 7 to 8 mm to recess in the event of an overcorrection. In the event of an undercorrection, the aponeurosis is further advanced and reattached by the three vertical mattress sutures. PMID- 714378 TI - Giant papillary conjunctivitis induced by hard or soft contact lens wear: quantitative histology. AB - Both hard and soft lens wearers develop a syndrome of decreased tolerance, increased mucus, mild itching, and giant papillary excrescences in the upper tarsal conjunctiva that resemble a varnal conjunctivitis. In the fully developed syndrome, the upper tarsal plate has an increase in stringy mucus and is covered by large papillae crowded together. The syndrome develops after months to years of otherwise successful lens wear and occurs in users of all types of soft and hard lenses. Histologic examination of tissues from 55 patients with well developed giant papillary conjunctivitis compared with tissue from 15 normal people showed three findings characteristic of the syndrome: (1) mast cells in the epithelium, (2) eosinophils in the epithelium and substantia propria, and (3) basophils in the epithelium and substantia propria. Plasma cells and lymphocytes per cubic millimeter were not increased in detailed counts of 15 patients and 15 normal individuals. It is proposed that the number of plasma cells and lymphocytes cannot increase much beyond the level already present in normal conjuctiva and further influx of mononuclear inflammatory cells is the impetus for growth of the papillae. It is proposed that giant papillary conjunctivitis is a generalized response of the upper tarsal conjunctiva. PMID- 714379 TI - Slow-release artificial tears and the treatment of keratitis sicca. AB - The slow-release artificial tear (SRAT) is a biodegradable, cellulosic polymer without preservative which is inserted beneath the tarsus of the lower lid, and which provides continuous lubrication and tear film stability to the eye. The SR AT has been shown to reduce both subjective symptoms and objective signs in patients with keratitis sicca, and is a valuable adjunct to therapy in patients with this disease. PMID- 714380 TI - A clinical study of slow-releasing artificial tears. AB - The slow-releasing artificial tear (SR-AT) is a soluble polymer in solid form. Placed in the inferior cul-de-sac and allowed to dissolve, it is used to treat dry-eye patients. The SR-AT was studied in two phases. The short-term cross-over study of 40 patients was completed in October 1976. The long-term open study is still in progress. Of 37 patients who started the long-term study, 18 are still using the inserts-a study retention of 49%. PMID- 714381 TI - Training and accomplishments in ophthalmic prosthetics prosthetics. A. D. Ruedemann, Sr, Lecture. PMID- 714382 TI - The use of sclera in surgical management of extruding implants. PMID- 714383 TI - Lens loop forceps. PMID- 714384 TI - Microstaple holder. PMID- 714385 TI - Microsurgical tying forceps. PMID- 714387 TI - Evans arm and hand rest for microsurgery. PMID- 714386 TI - Silastic intubation of the nasolacrimal passages. PMID- 714388 TI - A controlled lacrimal dilator. PMID- 714389 TI - Improved punctum plug inserter. PMID- 714390 TI - Therapy of bovine mastitis: the intramammary tissue compatibility of mastitis remedies administered intracisternally to cows. AB - Eight different mastitis remedies were administered intracisternally on a rotational basis to the 48 quarters of 12 mastitis negative cows. The resulting intramammary reactions were monitored by determining the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) levels in milk. The reactions observed indicate that the intramammary cellular reactions frequently elicited by the local treatments in the treated and sometimes even in the untreated quarters of the treated udders are not necessarily inflammatory in nature. Evaluation of the intramammary tissue compatibility of a mastitis remedy mainly in terms of SCC values therefore seems unreliable. Moreover, it may do injustice to a product unless the SCC values are augmented by BSA or other determinations providing a more accurate indication of truly mastitic reactions. The investigation also implies that the patterns of cellular reactions related to individual mastitis remedies require further elucidation before they can be used as indications of an advantageous or disadvantageous intramammary tissue compatibility of a product. Intramammary tissue compatibility, as such, of mastitis remedies and comparable agents requires definition. It seems more expedient, however, that such a definition and the necessary standardization of mastitis remedies in terms of their intramammary tissue compatibility be attempted by the International Dairy Federation (IDF). PMID- 714391 TI - Immunogenicity and pathogenicity of three South African strains of Babesia bovis in Bos indicus cattle. AB - A strain of Babesia bovis, which has been routinely used in the locally produced babesiosis vaccine for two decades and maintained by needle passage, was of low virulence and therefore safe, but it induced poor protection to challenge with two field isolates. Animals infected with this attenuated strain and subsequently challenged heterologously with a field strain were solidly immune when challenged later with a 2nd field strain. The two field strains, though more virulent, conferred a high degree of immunity to heterologous challenge. PMID- 714392 TI - Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. IX. Helminths in blesbok. AB - Four blesbok culled in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve during May 1972 were each infested with Trichostrongylus axei and Impalaia nudicollis. Some of these animals also harboured Haemonchus bedfordi, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus falculatus, Skrjabinema alata and Avitellina centripunctata. Thirty-two blesbok were culled in pairs at approximately 4-5 week-intervals in the Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve from July 1972 to November 1973. Adult H. contortus were recovered in fair numbers from buck slaughtered from August 1972 to February 1973 and during November 1973. Peak numbers of 4th stage larvae were recovered from individual animals slaughtered during October 1972, February and March, and July to October 1973. Peak burdens of T. falculatus were recovered during October to December 1972 and November 1973. The largest numbers of adult I. nudicollis were recorded from January to July and during September 1973. Other helminths recovered were T. axei, S. alata and A. centripunctata. Avitellina centripunctata, H. bedfordi and S. alata are new records for the blesbok. PMID- 714393 TI - The micromorphology of the glands of the infra-orbital cutaneous sinus of the steenbok (Raphicerus campestris). AB - The infra-orbital cutaneous sinus produces a black secretion which is the combined secretion of melanaceous, branched, alveolar, sebaceous and enlarged, coiled apocrine glands. The micromorphology of these glands is described with special emphasis on the sebaceous glands and melanin transfer. The secretion, which may be used for unintentional territorial demarcation, is possibly produced as small black granules and is most likely important for short range communication. PMID- 714394 TI - The micromorphology of the apocrine glands of the intermandibular region of the steenbok (Raphicerus campestris). AB - The histological structure of the newly-discovered intermandibular glandular region in male and female steenbok is described. This region consists of enlarged sebaceous and apocrine glands which secrete a substance used for demarcating grazing territories and for marking females. Migratory lymphoid cells in the epithelium of the apocrine glands resemble Langerhans cells of the epidermis and forestomach epithelium but do not contain Langerhans cell granules. Cells, which are probably of lymphoid origin and resemble sebaceous gland cells, sometimes occur in the apocrine glands. PMID- 714395 TI - Wesselsbron disease, pathological, haematological and clinical studies in natural cases and experimentally infected new-born lambs. AB - This is a report on the clinical signs of Wesselsbron disease in 37 lambs and the pathology of 4 natural and 12 experimental cases. Generally the symptoms were ill defined. At autopsy 13 of the 14 lambs revealed a mild to severe icterus and a slight to moderate hepatomegaly with discoloration of the liver. No foci of hepatic necrosis were observed macroscopically and, except for petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages in the mucosa of the abomasum and generalized lymphadenopathy, no other obvious macroscopic lesions were noted. Perforation of the abomasum occurred in one lamb only. Microscopy on the liver showed mild to extensive necrosis of the parenchyma. Degenerated and necrotic hepatocytes were diffusely scattered throughout the liver, but no definite well-circumscribed foci of necrosis were seen. Mitotic figures and hepatocytes with large nuclei indicated that active regeneration of parenchymal cells had occurred in some of the livers. Other changes, for example, Kupffer cell proliferation, sinusoidal leucostasis, bile duct proliferation and infiltration of mononuclear cells in the portal triads, were frequently encountered. Moderate to severe cholestasis was a feature in 66% of the livers examined, while intranuclear inclusions and intracytoplasmic acidophilic or Councilman-like bodies were frequently observed. A complete haematological study was carried out on 4 experimentally produced cases. The gross and histopathological lesions in the liver are compared with those of Rift Valley fever in the new-born lamb. PMID- 714396 TI - [Traumatology and orthopedics in the 3d edition of the Great Medical Encyclopedia (50th anniversary of the Great Medical Encyclopedia)]. PMID- 714397 TI - [Reflection of scientific studies on traumatology and orthopedics in the secondary informative publications]. PMID- 714398 TI - [Information-retrieval system in the educational practice of the Chair of Traumatology and Orthopedics]. PMID- 714399 TI - [Social-hygienic characteristics of athletic injuries]. PMID- 714400 TI - [Arthrosis deformans of the feet and talocrural joints in the sportsmen, ballet dancers and circus actors]. PMID- 714401 TI - [Physical and spa rehabilitation of sportsmen and ballet dancers with knee joint injuries]. PMID- 714402 TI - [Some indices of oxygen metabolism and effect of intra-articular oxygen therapy in experimental knee joint diseases]. PMID- 714403 TI - [Magnetotherapy of gonarthrosis]. PMID- 714404 TI - [Etiology of aseptic femoral head necrosis in adults]. PMID- 714405 TI - [Chiari's osteotomy of the pelvis in dysplastic I-II stage of coxarthrosis in adults]. PMID- 714406 TI - [Role of combined intertrochanteric osteotomy in the therapy of dysplastic coxarthrosis with cystic reconstruction of the femoral head]. PMID- 714407 TI - [Results of surgical management of patients with bilateral coxarthosis deformans]. PMID- 714408 TI - [Medical Abstracts Journal as the source of information of problems in traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 714409 TI - [Long-term results of hip joint arthrodesis in unilateral coxarthosis deformans]. PMID- 714410 TI - [Old injuries of Achilles tendon]. PMID- 714412 TI - [Morphological changes of the intervertebral disks in a soon after cryoeffect (animal experiments)]. PMID- 714411 TI - [Evaluation of several methods of arthrodesis of the knee joint]. PMID- 714413 TI - [Emergency aid by the orthopedist in acute osteochondrosis of the spine]. PMID- 714414 TI - [Devices and instruments for stable fixation of the vertebrae]. PMID- 714415 TI - [Cyclic traction in spinal osteochondrosis]. PMID- 714416 TI - [Physical factors in rehabilitation of patients with traumas and diseases of the weight-bearing locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 714417 TI - [Role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and management of injuries and diseases of the joints]. PMID- 714418 TI - [Study of mineral metabolism in the bone tissues (in vivo) by means of osteotropic strontium85 radioisotope]. PMID- 714419 TI - [Puncture biopsy of the bone regenerate in distraction osteosynthesis]. PMID- 714420 TI - [Changes in electrical parameters of the bone marrow in acute ischemia of the limbs under experimental conditions]. PMID- 714421 TI - [Use of automatic tests for the study of functional state of the cortex of large hemispheres in mild craniocerebral trauma]. PMID- 714423 TI - [Mathematical analysis of injuries of the spine (level C6-D1)]. PMID- 714422 TI - [Kinematics of the vertebral segment in the sagittal plane under normal conditions and in degenerative instability]. PMID- 714424 TI - [Substantiation of geometric size of the distractor for correction of the spine in surgical treatment of scoliosis]. PMID- 714425 TI - [Roentgeno-functional examinations in cerebral palsy of children with pronation flexion contracture of the forearm and hand]. PMID- 714426 TI - [Neurography in the diagnosis of injuries of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 714427 TI - [Characteristics of orientation of the projection cervico-diaphyseal angle of the femur under normal conditions and in congenital hip dislocation in children]. PMID- 714428 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of recurrences of osteoblastoclastoma]. PMID- 714429 TI - [Evaluation of clinical use of strontium85 in the study of bone injury]. PMID- 714430 TI - [Various aspects of radiological examination in prosthetics]. PMID- 714431 TI - [Method of measurement of the angle of vertebral torsion]. PMID- 714432 TI - [Device for radiography of costovertebral humpback]. PMID- 714433 TI - [Control panel for the apparatus for surgical handling of bones and joints]. PMID- 714434 TI - [Mechanotherapeutic devices for restoration of movement in the joints]. PMID- 714435 TI - [Value of radioisotope examinations in the study of blood circulation and the degree of mineral metabolism in patients with bone tumors]. PMID- 714436 TI - [Human yersiniosis (Yersinia enterocolitica infections)]. PMID- 714437 TI - [Surgical indication and emergency in spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 714438 TI - [Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, diagnosed by ultrasound and successfully treated by surgery]. PMID- 714439 TI - [5-year experience with the treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 714440 TI - [Mild variant of maple syrup disease]. PMID- 714441 TI - [Genetic transformation of eukariotic organisms]. PMID- 714443 TI - [Microsporum canis infections in Hungary]. PMID- 714442 TI - [Signs of alcoholic embryopathy diagnosed in childhood]. PMID- 714444 TI - [Chromosome studies in acute drug poisoning]. PMID- 714445 TI - [Comparative study of the efficiency of the immunologic pregnancy test and ultrasonic examination in early pregnancy]. PMID- 714446 TI - [Atypical cases of gallstone ileus]. PMID- 714448 TI - [Minor abnormalities in children with severe mental retardation]. PMID- 714447 TI - [Eczema vaccinatum]. PMID- 714449 TI - [SI: the uniform "language" of our scientific and technical civilization]. PMID- 714450 TI - [Measuring units in medical laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 714451 TI - [Effect of the intensity and rhythm of stimulation on the action potential of the cochlear nerve and retroauricular sonomotor response in normal ears]. PMID- 714452 TI - [Simple motor reflex to acoustic stimulation in persons with normal hearing. 1. Relationship between simple motor response and the intensity of the acoustic stimulus]. PMID- 714453 TI - [Free evoked potentials (ERA) and the electrocochleography (ECOG) using the remote field technic in persons with normal hearing]. PMID- 714454 TI - [Study of the volume of the air system of the temporal bone in chronic otitis media]. PMID- 714455 TI - [Treatment of laryngeal and tracheal injuries]. PMID- 714457 TI - [Relationship between the length of glottic fissure and body height and age of infants]. PMID- 714456 TI - [Surgical treatment of tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 714458 TI - [Microscopic studies of allogeneic tracheal transplants in dogs]. PMID- 714459 TI - [Malignant laryngo tracheobronchitis]. PMID- 714460 TI - [Sublingual giant dermoid cyst]. PMID- 714461 TI - [Surgical approaches to the internal auditory canal]. PMID- 714462 TI - [Apparatus for measuring changes in the volume of the inferior nasal turbinate]. PMID- 714463 TI - [Apparatus for anterior rhinomanometry]. PMID- 714464 TI - [Rhinosurgical transethmoidal decompression of the optic nerve in post-traumatic blindness]. PMID- 714465 TI - [Experimental studies on the reconstruction of thoracic segment of the trachea]. PMID- 714466 TI - [Effect of mechanical vibration on the microphonic potential of guinea pigs]. PMID- 714467 TI - [Familial multiple congenital anomalies of oto-cervical localization]. PMID- 714468 TI - [Morphology and treatment of mandibulofacial dysostosis. Clinical observations of 18 patients with Berry-Treacher-Collins-Franceschetti-Zwalen-Klein syndrome]. PMID- 714469 TI - [Pattern of sound localization in diabetic patients]. PMID- 714470 TI - [Laryngological-anesthesiological procedures in subglottic laryngeal edema]. PMID- 714471 TI - [Case of fibroma of the middle ear]. PMID- 714472 TI - [Frey's syndrome]. PMID- 714473 TI - [Metastasis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland into the pharynx]. PMID- 714474 TI - [Remarks on the use of implants for correction of depressed nasal dorsum in children]. PMID- 714475 TI - [Rhinospirographic evaluation of nasal patency in children]. PMID- 714476 TI - Height and weight of preschool children of well-to-do urban families in Jakarta City. PMID- 714477 TI - Neonatal tetanus. Analysis of 108 cases using a scoring system. PMID- 714478 TI - Five years annual report on neonatal diarrheal outbreaks in Yogyakarta. PMID- 714479 TI - Neonatal urinary ascites due to kinking of the right ureter. PMID- 714480 TI - Duplication of the urinary tract occurring in one family. PMID- 714481 TI - [Prenatal and perinatal infections]. PMID- 714482 TI - [Urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - In all recurrent urinary tract infections and fever attacks of unknown origin in children one should consider the possibility of the presence of an vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and suitable examinations should be carried out. A further indication of the possible presence of a childish reflux is manifest when enuresis occurs beyond the normal age for this phenomenon. In order to determine whether or not a reflux is present an ad hoc examinational procedure is necessary. There is a definite indication that a VUR operation is called for in cases of pronounced grades of reflux with a corresponding change in the ostia, in the case of marked pyelonephritic changes which are roentgenologically demonstrable and after a conservative treatment of six months. PMID- 714483 TI - ["Intensive therapy camps" for children with cerebral palsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 714484 TI - The development of motor competency in normal and slightly mentally handicapped children. AB - A study of the motor development and the corporal schema integration was carried out on 60 normal children aged between 6 and 10, and 40 slightly mentally handicapped children of 8 and 10 years of age. The deficiency at the level of manual rapidity is the most important element concerning the motive debility of mentally handicapped children. The tests show that there is no parallelism between the motive retardedness and the level of attainment of the corporal schema. In fact, the motor debility of 8 years old children is emphasized at the age of 10 with reference to normal children. On the other hand, if, at the age of 8, the mentally handicapped children have a lag of the corporal schema acquisition, these children have nearly overcome their retardedness at the age of 10. Therefore one can conclude that the motor retardedness of the slightly mentally handicapped children is not essentially due to a deficiency of the corporal schema integration. PMID- 714485 TI - [A testpsychological contribution to the etiology of autism (author's transl)]. AB - The results of two psychological experiments (WURST 1976a,b) with a group of ASPERGER autists and KANNER autists and a parallel group considering age and intelligence show, that neither the belief, autism appears as a possible consequence of a psychoorganic syndrom nor the assumption that autistic behaviour is caused by a perception defect, can be proved with testpsychological methods. However, it seems, that KANNERS point of view, referring to autism as an inborn disturbance of the emotional contact influenced also by negative environment comes closest to the problem. PMID- 714486 TI - [Tubular secretion of phosphate in the human kidney (author's transl)]. AB - There are a few scattered publications on primary tubulopathies, where a net secretion of phosphorus by renal tubules, a mechanism usually not existing in man, is shown. By means of a further case, we are able to demonstrate a 30% increase of phosphate excretion over filtration after a phosphate load. The mechanism of action will be discussed. Under certain conditions like a rapid increase in serum phosphorus or after volume expansion a tubular secretory mechanism of phosphate can be unmasked. As this secretory mechanism goes into action only beyond a certain serum threshold of phosphorus and a transport maximum cannot be shown it is most likely that passive transport by means of an increased diffusion cell to lumen is the proposed mechanism involved. PMID- 714487 TI - [Anaphylactoid purpura in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical picture and the laboratory data of 40 patients with anaphylactoid purpura as well as its etiology and pathogenesis are discussed. The clinical expression and the rate of complications does not differ from that described in the literature. 45% of the patients showed renal involvement, three patients had severe glomerulonephritis. Up to now there is a lack of typical laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis of anaphylactoid purpura. This study suggests neutrophilia and initial creased fibrin/fibrinogen split products in serum and decreased C3 levels are poor prognostic criteria correlating with appearence and severity of a complicating glomerulonephritis. PMID- 714488 TI - [Katamnestic study regarding patient-physician role in urban pediatric practice (author's transl)]. AB - Criteria of patient-physician relationship are reported and give interesting results, so far to our knowledge not published in pediatric literature. Intrafamilial needs are registered out of a talk between doctor and visiting patients in a doctor's office. General functions of the pediatrician for his patients are analysed and found to exceed organic problems, a trend to increase in future. The role of the pediatrician is seen to include psychohygienic and psychosomatic knowledge in order to fulfill the patients needs in the face of social medicine and increasing psychological knowledge of childrens development. PMID- 714489 TI - [Cervicomediastinal cystic hygroma invading the pericardium (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a huge congenital cystic hygroma of a newborn is reported. A onestage operation of the cervicomediastinal tumor was impossible and only the cervical part could be removed. The baby died because of unrelievable inflow obstruction of the right heart. PMID- 714490 TI - [Make your own diagnosis]. PMID- 714491 TI - [Extrapyramidal signs as side-effect with metoclopramid-medication (author's transl)]. AB - 4 cases of extrapyramidal disturbances, observed in children with Metoclopramid medication, are reported. These side-effects may occur already at normal therapeutic dosage, especially in the young patient. The side-effects are reversible, and respond easily to i.v. injection or peroral application of anti parkinsonian drugs, less severe cases may subside by withdrawal of the drug. The therapeutic use in the pediatric field must be strictly indicated because of the special disposition of children to the side-effects described above. PMID- 714492 TI - A review of intra-uterine diagnosis of genetic disorders. AB - In this review the different methods of antenatal detection of congenital abnormalities are briefly outlined. Modern techniques developed in recent years for the diagnosis of genetic disorders by studying the amniotic fluid are considered in detail. The technique of amniocentesis, its indications, complications and the methods of investigation of amniotic fluid are discussed. The indications for chromosomal analysis of amniotic fluid cells for detecting fetal abnormalities and possible pitfalls are reviewed. The major inborn disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism which can be detected in early pregnancy are tabulated and briefly discussed. PMID- 714493 TI - Distribution of nodules in thyroid lobes. AB - Frequency of berign nodules in each lobes of the thyroid gland was determined in 214 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid operation. All cases had thyroid scintiscans. The right lobe was involved two times more than the left. In order to determine if this higher frequency was related to the naturally-occurring greater mass of the right lobe, fifteen normal thyroid glands from consecutive autopsy cases were bisected into halves and the weight of the two segments were compared. Although in 13 glands the right lobe was the larger one, the average weight difference was only seven percent. PMID- 714494 TI - Secondary amyloidosis complicating rheumatoid arthritis; report of a case in an eight-year-old girl. AB - Secondary amyloidosis can complicate any long-standing suppurative infection, such as tuberculosis, osteomyelitis and disorders of connective tissue, i.e., the so-called "collagen diseases". Rheumatoid arthritis is known to be a notable precursor of amyloidosis. The fact that a long-standing process is often necessary to produce the changes in the ground substance, makes Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (J R A) an interesting challenge to that hypothesis. The decreasing incidence of secondary amyloidosis, complicating rheumatoid arthritis, is attributed to better management of patients and the use of more effective anti inflammatory therapy. PMID- 714495 TI - A pediatrician's view. PMID- 714496 TI - Introduction: pediatric aspects of sports medicine. PMID- 714497 TI - The health examination for participation in sports. PMID- 714498 TI - Role of the pediatrician in sports medicine. PMID- 714499 TI - Nutrition and the young athlete. PMID- 714500 TI - Methods and effects of physical training. PMID- 714501 TI - Athletic injuries in adolescents. AB - In a survey of adolescent patients treated in the University of Rochester Section of Athletic Medicine, injuries to adolescent athletes comprised 12 per cent of all athletic injuries during an 18-month period. The incidence among boys was much greater than among girls, and injuries to the lower extremity--particularly the knee--were most common. Sprains and strains, fractures, chondromalacia of the patella, contusions, and internal derangements of the knee accounted for 80 per cent of the 161 injuries studied. Participation in athletic events has many positive aspects for the adolescent, but it does carry the risk of injury. It is important for the pediatrician to promptly determine the nature and extent of the injury so that appropriate care can be given and the risk of permanent disability lessened. PMID- 714502 TI - Injuries on the field: the pediatrician as team physician. PMID- 714503 TI - Problems with the trampoline: I. Too many cases of permanent paralysis. PMID- 714504 TI - II. Safety suggestions for trampoline use. PMID- 714505 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium indices in term newborns depending on the course of pregency and labor]. PMID- 714506 TI - [Lymphocyte blast transformation reaction in the dynamics of the pneumonia process in young infants]. PMID- 714507 TI - [Participation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in increasing arterial pressure in young children with the toxic form of pneumonia]. PMID- 714508 TI - [Blood serum enzymatic activity in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 714509 TI - [Gastric secretory function in children with chronic biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 714510 TI - [Improvements in the diagnosis of digestive organ diseases in children]. PMID- 714511 TI - [Diagnostic value of x-ray and urodynamic indices in enuresis]. PMID- 714512 TI - [Effect of different insolation regimens of group facilities on the spread and severity of rachitis in nursery infants]. PMID- 714513 TI - [Analysis of the status of oncological service to children in the Ukrainian SSR and the steps for its improvement]. PMID- 714514 TI - [Case of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 714515 TI - [Role of the fetoplacental complex hormones in the development of pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 714516 TI - [Diagnostic importance of body reactivity indices in inflammatory diseases of the female genitalia]. PMID- 714517 TI - [Water-electrolyte metabolic indices in healthy women during the physiological course of pregnancy]. PMID- 714518 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the microflora of the discharges from the uterine cavity in puerperae after intrauterine interventions in the dynamics of the puerperium]. PMID- 714519 TI - [Microflora of the birth canal in normal labor and in the uncomplicated puerperium]. PMID- 714521 TI - [Organization and work experience of a stomatology office in basic gynecological consultation]. PMID- 714520 TI - [Generative function in women with myasthenia (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 714522 TI - [Experience in treating suppurative processes of the adnexa uteri]. PMID- 714523 TI - The growth rate of the human cranial base between nasion and inion. AB - The growth rate of the human cranial base between nasion (N) - tuberculum sellae (Ts) and tuberculum sellae - internal occipital protuberance (= Twining's line (Tw)) were calculated in proportion to nasion - inion (N - I) distance and expressed in two cranial base ratios: (see formulas) The growth rate of the whole cranial base showed a notable stability and a given ratio apparently prevails through into later life. PMID- 714524 TI - Cervical metrizamide myelography by lumbar puncture. AB - Cervical myelography with metrizamide administered by a lumbar puncture is described. Diagnostic information in the cervical region was obtained in 8 of the 8 patients studied. No major complications were encountered. PMID- 714525 TI - Radiologic evaluation of the thymus in juvenile myasthenia gravis. AB - Clinical records and chest radiographs of nineteen patients with juvenile myasthenia gravis treated by thymectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Correlation of radiographic findings, clinical data, and pathologic observations were sought to determine the value of radiography in the pre-operative assessment of juvenile myasthenia gravis patients. Although the vast majority of patients had normal plain films and tomographic chest radiographs the thymuses in seventeen of the nineteen patients were pathologically abnormal. The pathologic abnormalities consisted of hyperplasia and/or the presence of germinal centers within the glands. Despite these histologic abnormalities, the weights of the surgically removed thymuses were generally in the range of normal for patients of this age. None of the nineteen patients had a thymoma. In our series, there was no apparent benefit from radiographic examination of the thymus gland in consideration of thymectomy for patients with juvenile myasthenia gravis. PMID- 714526 TI - Improved plainfilm diagnosis of right aortic arch anomalies with high kilovoltage selective filtration-magnification technique. AB - In the pediatric patient, the presence of a right aortic arch is an important roentgen observation. It may be associated with vascular rings and cyanotic heart disease and may complicate the repair of tracheoesophageal fistula. It may be missed on conventional low KVP radiographs but is easily detected on high kilovoltage-filtered films with air gap magnification. PMID- 714527 TI - The width of the common bile duct in childhood. AB - The maximum diameter of the common bile duct was measured on 85 normal intravenous cholangiograms carried out on children between the ages of 1--14 years. There was a close correlation between bile duct width and the patient's age, but a poor correlation with weight. The range of bile duct widths in each age group is tabulated as a guide to diagnosing biliary dilatation in childhood. PMID- 714528 TI - Renal abscess in children. A rare but important radiological diagnosis. AB - As in adults, renal abscess in children mimicks a tumoral syndrome. Renal abscess, although infrequent, should however be kept in mind because it is important to make an early diagnosis. The reason is simply that the treatment fo the two conditions is so different. Furthermore, an early accurate diagnosis avoids unnecessary investigations, such as arteriography, as well as unnecessary surgery. Four cases are reported in which the diagnosis of abscess was obtained by correlating both clinical and radiological findings. In only one case was arteriography performed and this was after treatment and it was normal. For an early diagnosis intravenous urography is of paramount importance. It shows a tumoral radiological pattern; in the context of clinical signs of suppuration (high fever, high leucocyte count and variably a urinary tract infection). The radiological findings suggest the diagnosis of abscess. On treatment the rapid regression and disappearance of the various clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings confirms the diagnosis of renal abscess. PMID- 714529 TI - A method for calculating acetabular anteversion in children. AB - A method of calculating the degree of anteversion of the acetabular fossa is described. A posterior-anterior projection of the prone pelvis with a long focus film and focus object distance is used. The distance between the anterior and posterior rims of the fossa as projected on the films is measured and then divided by a distance equivalent to the diameter: this yields the sin of the anteversion angle. The angle is rapidly calculated with a pocket calculator. PMID- 714530 TI - Pulmonary and hepatic echinococcosis in children. AB - Eighty children suffering from pulmonary and/or hepatic echinococcosis are reported. The epidemiological and parasitological aspects are reviewed, and the importance of the radiological signs and differential diagnosis are emphasized. PMID- 714531 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of a communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation. AB - A boy with a communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation is presented. Since arteriography failed to demonstrate systemic or pulmonary blood supply to the lesion, 99M Tc-macroaggregated albumin was injected into the aorta at the conclusion of the arteriogram. This procedure documented the existence of a systemic blood supply which at surgery arose from the ninth left intercostal artery. Administration of 99M Tc-pertechnetate prior to surgery demonstrated gastric mucosa in the lesion. PMID- 714532 TI - Resolution of Hodgkin's induced ivory vertebrae. AB - This case demonstrates that, as part of a favourable response to therapy, the "ivory" vertebrae of Hodgkin's disease can revert to a normal radiographic appearance. PMID- 714533 TI - Childhood sarcoidosis with fatal cor pulmonale. AB - A 14 year-old white girl who developed fatal cor pulmonale from severe pulmonary sarcoidosis had a previous clinical diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Chest radiographs demonstrated marked pulmonary fibrosis without the changes of severe bronchiectasis that would be anticipated with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 714534 TI - A severe form of metatropic dwarfism. AB - The clinical and radiological manifestations of a lethal case of metatropic dwarfism are presented. Two radiological signs present in our case are regarded as particularly useful in making the diagnosis. Moreover other findings, unusual in this condition, are described. PMID- 714535 TI - Searching for molecular abnormalities in genetic diseases by the use of a double labeling technique. I. Rationale, techniques, and initial evaluation. AB - To meet the challenge of unravelling the molecular pathology of the ever expanding number of known genetic diseases in man, new efficient investigative techniques have to be designed. A procedure is presented for detection of protein defects in genetic diseases on the basis of structural rather than functional alterations. The technique is based on double labeling of normal and diseased fibroblast proteins followed by extensive fractionation and analysis. The rationale, advantages, and limitations of the procedure are discussed and the technical aspects of its use explained. PMID- 714536 TI - The effect of iron supplements and blood transfusion on iron absorption by low birthweight infants fed pasteurized human breast milk. AB - Using serial metabolic balances, iron absorption was measured in six preterm infants (mean gestational age 29 weeks), and two fullterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants, between day 10 and 70 after birth. They were all fed breast milk. Iron supplements (2.5--13 mg/kg day) were given from day 30. Three preterm infants received blood transfusions for anemia. During the first 30 days of life iron balance was negative in the preterm infants (mean +/- SEM = -0.10 +/- 0.02 mg/kg day) and positive in the full term SGA infants (mean +/- SEM = 0.098 +/- 0.02 mg/kg day). In infants who were not tranfused, absorption of supplementary iron was a linear function of iron intake, and corresponded closely to 34% absorption. An iron intake of 5--6 mg/kg day resulted in the absorption of amounts of iron close to those being laid down in utero. Blood transfusion was followed by a reduction in iron absorption; in two cases it became negative, becoming positive again as the hemoglobin fell below about 12.0 g/100 ml. These data show that a mechanism exists in preterm infants for the control of iron absorption which does not operate at the hemoglobin concentrations that prevail in such infants, unless they are transfused. PMID- 714537 TI - Identification of small cells in fetal and infant adipose tissue. AB - In developing adipose tissue, cells of size less than 25 micron may make a major contribution to adipose tissue cell populations. This study reports the separation, identification, and sizing of infant and foetal adipose tissue small cells. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was taken from the anterior abdominal wall of children aged 2 months and 22 months. Subcutaneous tissue was also obtained from a paraumbilical site in 4 fetuses of gestational age 16 weeks. Tissue samples were fixed in buffered osmium tetroxide solution containing collidine. Aliquots of cell preparations suspended in saline on microscope slides were viewed and separated using a dissecting microscope. A diameter distribution of particle size was obtained using at least 200 cells for each preparation. There was a substantial number of cells that were smaller than 20 micron. Their modal cell size was remarkably constant in fetuses and in 2-month-old and 22-month-old infants. Ultrastructural studies show that the tissue is composed of a relatively uniform population of cells within sparsely collagenous connective tissue. Although some of the cells show no intracytoplasmic aggregates of lipid material, others show variable amounts of lipid material which can occupy a very large part of the cell volume. PMID- 714538 TI - The growth and development of fat cells in infancy. AB - Studies on the development of adipose tissue in infancy would seem essential to test the hypothesis that adult fat stores relate to the numbers of fat cells developed during early childhood. Thirty infants aged from 1-28 months and 13 fetuses of approximately 11-16 weeks of gestation obtained at therapeutic abortion and two preterm infants of 28 weeks of gestation were studied. The cells of both fetal and infant adipose tissue were separated from connective tissue and fixed by treatment with osmium tetroxide in buffered collidine using a method modified from Hirsch and Gallian (J. Lipid Res.,9:100(1968) for estimation of cell size and number. In fetal and early infancy there are two populations of cells in adipose tissue. Small cells found in tissue before birth and the first months of postnatal life do not contain fat. The larger cells, which are fat containing, represent maturing fat cells. They are cells which include fat cells recognized by previous workers but up to 24.6% were found to be less than 25 micron in diameter. Small cells in the early stages of fat accumulation may make an important contribution to the cell population of fat mass. It is apparent that increasing fat accumulation in the first 6-12 months of life, as demonstrated by increased skinfold thickness measurements, is associated with increasing fat cell size and that this association bears a linear relationship. PMID- 714539 TI - Effects of phenobarbital on seizure activity in the gerbil. PMID- 714540 TI - Aspirin-induced hemolysis: the role of concomitant oxidant (H2O2) challenge. AB - Studies were conducted in an attempt to determine the hemolytic potential of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on normal intact red blood cells (RBCs). ASA (25 mg/100 ml) did not impair RBC G-6-PD, glutathione peroxidase or catalase activity, glutathione stability, or hexose monophosphate shunt activity. Hemolysis was not observed after incubation with ASA alone but was quickly noted after exposure to ASA (25 mg/100 ml) and H2O2 (1.2%). Hemolysis did not occur with H2O2 alone but was directly proportional to the ASA concentration. Hemolysis was preceded by peroxidation of membrane lipid and was inhibited by the presence of the antioxidant, thymol. With ASA and H2O2 a marked reduction in membrane phosphatidyl ethanolamine occurred with oxidation of 20:4 and 22:6 fatty acids. No effect on phospholipids or fatty acids occurred with either ASA or H2O2 alone. Salicylic acid, singly or with H2O2, does not exhibit these effects. PMID- 714541 TI - Early diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 714542 TI - Effects of neonatal stunting on the development of rats: early and late effects of neonatal cortisone on physical growth and skeletal maturation. AB - Cortisone acetate, 1.25 mg, was given im to each pup of eight eight-pup litters; saline was given to each pup of eight litters. At 21 days body weight, stem length, and length of long bones was less in the treated animals (P less than 0.001). The number of ossification centers was greater in the treated animals (P less than 0.05). Brain weight was less in the treated animals (P less than 0.001). For 84-day-old animals body weight (P less than 0.02) and length of most long bones (P less than 0.05) were less in the treated females. Body weight (P less than 0.01), stem length (P less than 0.01) and some bones (P less than 0.02) were smaller in the treated males. There was no difference in the number of epiphyseal fusions. The brains of the treated males weighed less than those of the controls (P less than 0.01). The effect on linear growth is in conformity with observations in children but the accelerated skeletal maturation was unexpected. The effect on skeletal maturation was less persistent than that on bone length. PMID- 714543 TI - The effects of neonatal stunting on the development of rats: effects of early single dose cortisone on dental development and maturation of nursling and mature rats. PMID- 714544 TI - [Separate nosologic entity of the 18q syndrome. Localization of the peptidase A gene in man]. PMID- 714545 TI - [Various enzymes in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in children undergoing chlorpromazine treatment]. PMID- 714546 TI - [Rheumatic fever and the development of psychomotor disorders in children]. PMID- 714547 TI - [Development of subdural hematomas and hygromas in infants. An etiological study]. PMID- 714548 TI - [Value of brain scintigraphy in the diagnosis of subdural space abnormalities in infants and older children]. PMID- 714549 TI - [Condition of dentition in children treated with tetracyclines]. PMID- 714550 TI - [Clinical analysis of bronchopneumonia in infants in the years 1966-1975]. PMID- 714551 TI - [Gastric and duodenal ulcer in children and adolescents from rural areas]. PMID- 714552 TI - [Early physical rehabilitation of children with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 714553 TI - [Nezelof's syndrome and multiple abnormalities in a 7-month-old girl]. PMID- 714554 TI - [Acute lung aeration disorders in asthma]. PMID- 714555 TI - [Case of dextrocardia with congenital heart disease and situs viscerum inversus in a 6-month-old infant]. PMID- 714556 TI - [Hyperbilirubinemia during mucoviscidosis in a newborn infant]. PMID- 714557 TI - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis]. PMID- 714558 TI - [Infantile cerebral palsy: Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 714559 TI - [Lysozyme in pneumonia in infants]. PMID- 714560 TI - [Clinical analysis of the course of viral myocarditis in children]. PMID- 714561 TI - [Clinical course and treatment of dermatomyositis in children]. PMID- 714562 TI - [Biochemical parameters of iron and copper metabolism in children with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 714563 TI - [X trisomy with a rarely observed clinical syndrome]. PMID- 714564 TI - [Chronic granulomatous disease in a 6-year-old boy]. PMID- 714565 TI - [Case of severe congenital ichthyosis]. PMID- 714566 TI - [Comparative studies on vitamin B 12 and glutamic dehydrogenase serum levels in children with acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 714567 TI - [Congenital nephrotic syndrome. Clinical and experimental studies]. PMID- 714568 TI - [Prognosis in malignant brain tumors in children]. PMID- 714569 TI - [Familial form of saccharase deficiency]. PMID- 714570 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of various bronchodilator agents in asthma in children]. PMID- 714571 TI - [Primary generalized candidiasis in a newborn infant with central nervous system involvement]. PMID- 714572 TI - [Hemiparesis and motor aphasia in the course of septicemia in a 15-year-old boy]. PMID- 714573 TI - [Case of asprocol poisoning of a 20-month-old child treated with peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 714574 TI - [Case of latent hyperchloremic diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 714575 TI - Fetal growth retardation: femurs, fontanels, and follow-up. AB - Sixty-three term newborn infants with fetal growth retardation were evaluated within three days of birth. They were classified by length and head circumference. In group 1, both length and head circumference were less than the tenth percentile; in group 2, either length or head circumference was less than the tenth percentile; and in group 3, both length and head circumference were greater than the tenth percentile. Ponderal index (weight/length ratio), anterior fontanel size, and amount of epiphyseal ossification were also determined. Significantly lower birth weights and decreased ossification were found when groups 1 or 2 were compared separately with group 3. These differences were most marked when the weight/length ratio was less than 2.25. When the ponderal index was less than 2.0, epiphyseal ossification was usually absent (suggesting a chronic process). Epiphyseal ossification was positively correlated with birth weight and length but was unrelated to anterior fontanel size. Ossification was more often absent in males than females. There was a negative (inverse) correlation between birth weight and anterior fontanel size. Follow-up of 32 of these infants at age 1 year showed marked individual variations, but there were significant differences in incremental linear growth between groups 1 and 3, a finding which supports results of animal studies showing that catch-up growth may be related to skeletal immaturity. Physical measurements at birth in the individual baby with fetal growth retardation do not reliably predict subsequent growth. PMID- 714576 TI - Mechanical and chemical damage to lung tissue caused by meconium aspiration. AB - We investigated the effects of meconium on the lungs of an adult rabbit model to distinguish between mechanical obstruction of airways and chemical pneumonitis. After the rabbits were anesthetized and intubated, 20% human meconium in saline was instilled into the trachea. Arterial and mixed venous blood gases, functional residual capacity, cardiac output vascular pressures, calculated venous admixture, and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured. Sections of affected lung tissue were examined microscopically. The results were consistent with an early mechanical obstruction of airways with gradual development of chemical pneumonitis over 48 hours. PMID- 714577 TI - Absence of kernicterus in low-birth weight infants from 1971 through 1976: comparison with findings in 1966 and 1967. PMID- 714578 TI - Parent-child associations at upper and lower ranges of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. PMID- 714579 TI - Skin oxygen permeability in premature infants. AB - While 24 newborn infants (ages, 2 to 48 hours; gestational ages, 24 to 42 weeks) breathed various concentrations of oxygen, the PO2 values on their unheated skin surface were measured by an unheated microcathode electrode for transcutaneous PO2 monitoring. In infants with arterial PO2 values in the range of 50 to 100 torr and with similar skin temperatures, the mean surface PO2 of unheated skin was inversely related to birth weight: 27.2 torr in infants weighing less than 1,500 gm, 14.3 torr in infants weighing 1,500 to 2,500gm, and 2.9 torr in infants weighing more than 2,500 gm. In the smallest infants, the skin surface PO2 was significantly related to arterial PO2: it was about one third of arterial PO2 as estimated by a second electrode for transcutaneous PO2 monitoring heated to 44 degrees C. Phototherapy, crying, or blood transfusion increased the surface PO2 of unheated skin, but not the tcPO2 measured at 44 degrees C. These findings suggest that blood flow to the skin in excess of its metabolic needs due to immature control of cutaneous circulation, along with low resistance to oxygen diffusion, determines the high oxygen permeability of skin in premature infants. PMID- 714580 TI - Violaceous discoloration in pneumococcal cellulitis. AB - Two patients with periobital cellulitis, one of whom also had buccal cellulitis, had violaceous discoloration of the skin. Blood cultures from both patients yielded Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, pneumococci should be considered, in addition to Haemophilus influenzae, as possible causes of cellulitis with violaceous or bluish-red discoloration. PMID- 714581 TI - Amniotic fluid infections, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and psychomotor impairment. AB - A large prospective study found that infants born with evidence of recent amniotic fluid infections subsequently had an increased frequency of mental, motor, visual, and hearing impairment. These infections also potentiated the neurotoxicity of neonatla hyperbilirubinemia. This potentiation of bilirubin neurotoxicity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This potentiation of bilirububin neurotoxicity increases with the severity of the amniotic fluid infections. With or without such infections, an increased frequency of long-term mild mental retardation started at peak neonatal bilirubin levels of only 7 mg/dl in both term and preterm infants. Significant neurologic abnormalities began at peak bilirubin levels of 12 to 13 mg/dl. PMID- 714582 TI - Urinary tract infection in high-risk newborn infants. AB - The prevalence of neonatal urinary tract infection (UTI) was studied in 1,762 high-risk neonates. Symptomatic bacteriuria was found in 1.9% and asymptomatic bacteriuria in 0.5% of these neonates. Male preponderance was 5:1. Clinical manifestations were extremely variable--vomiting, weight loss, and diarrhea being the prominent symptoms. Bacteremia was associated with UTI in six infants. The organisms identified in the urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus. A mixed infection was found in four patients. Roentgenographic examination of the urinary tract showed abnormalities in 44% of the symptomatic patients. It is conclued that symptomatic high-risk newborn infants should be screened for bacteriuria, and that radiological investigations be preformed in those with proven infection. PMID- 714583 TI - Evaluation of the growth hormone exercise test in normal and growth hormone deficient children. AB - A group of 168 short but otherwise normal children (group A) and 25 children deficient in growth hormone (GH) (group B) wwere studied with an exercise stimulation test to determine the expected error of this method. In group A, 125 (74.4%) had maximum GH responses greater than 15 ng/ml, 23 (13.7%) had responses between 10 and 15 ng/ml, and 20 (11.9%) had responses less than 10 ng/ml. The mean +/- SD values were 8.4 +/- 0.4 ng/ml at 0 time, 26.3 +/- 15.0 at 20 minutes, and 10.7 +/- 8.3 at 40 minutes. The mean maximum response was 27.7 +/- 14.3 ng/ml. In group B, 22 (88%) had maximum responses less than 10 ng/ml and 3 (12%) had responses between 10 and 15 ng/ml. Patients with maximum responses less than 10 ng/ml have a high probability of being GH-deficinet, whereas patients with responses between 10 and 15 ng/ml are less likely to be GH-deficient. No patients with responses greater than 15 ng/ml were GH-deficient. PMID- 714584 TI - Neonatal osteomyelitis. AB - To evaluate current conservative therapy and document the existence of a recent shift in etiologic agents, we reviewed the records of 45 infants who developed osteomyelitis within the first ten weeks of life and who were admitted to Babies Hospital (New York) from 1951 through 1976. Emphasis was placed on characteristics and course of the disease, etiologic agents, therapy, and outcome. Illness was diagnosed within the first two weeks of life in 34 of the 45 infants (73%). Only six had been delivered normally after normal pregnancy and led a normal life before development of ostemyelitis. Infected sites were distinctive in frequency of involvement of multiple foci (21), of facial bones (10), and of joints contiguous to infected long bones (22 of 29). Conservative therapy (nonsurgical) seems reasonable for the majority of patients. Of particular interest is documentation of a shift from Staphylococcus aureus as predominant etiologic agent before 1965 to beta-hemolytic streptococci, commonly group B, from 1965 through 1976. Data collected from the literature of the 1930s indicate that such shifts have occurred before. PMID- 714585 TI - Diskitis: a prospective diagnostic analysis. PMID- 714586 TI - Vertebral osteomyelitis in children: report of four cases. AB - Four children had vertebral osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Abdominal signs and fever were frequent clinical manifestations. Back pain was an uncommon symptom except as a late manifestation in one patient. The portal of entry of the organism generally was not apparent. Location of infection was in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. Diagnosis was based on roentgenographic changes, radionuclide imaging, and bacteriologic corroboration. We conclude that symptoms and signs of vertebral osteomyelitis in children can be atypical and that a diligent attempt to rapidly diagnose and promptly treat this condition will prevent orthopedic and neurologic sequelae. PMID- 714587 TI - Pyogenic hepatic abscess in infancy and childhood. AB - Five cases of childhood pyogenic hepatic abscess at Milwaukee Children's Hospital and 61 cases in the literature were reviewed. Hepatic abscess occurred most often in infants who had sepsis or umbilical infection. Cases in older children were associated with underlying host defense defects, particularly chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and leukemia. Common clinical findings were fever, abdominal pain and hepatomegaly. Radionuclide scan was useful in diagnosis of lesions larger than 2 cm. Small or microscopic lesions were diagnosed at autopsy. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common etiologic agent. Mortality in all evaluable cases was 27% in patients with CGD and 42% in those without CGD. Open drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy is the treatment of choice and should lower the mortality of this infection. PMID- 714588 TI - Increased lead burden in children of battery workers: asymptomatic exposure resulting from contaminated work clothing. AB - Lead transmitted into the home via contaminated parental work clothing was the probable source of excessive lead exposure among 69% of 58 children whose mothers worked in a battery factory in Raleigh, North Carolina. Blood lead levels were highest in children less than 3 years old, and declined with age. All children were asymptomatic, and all had normal findings on physical examinations. Dust samples from the homes of children with the greatest lead burden demonstrated gross contamination of the home environment. Although maternal employment was short, young children spent a significant portion of their lives exposed to lead. Certain parental occupations can sufject children to considerable risk from lead exposure. PMID- 714589 TI - Use of acoustic impedance measurement in screening for middle ear disease in children. Task Force of the Symposium on Impedance Screening for Children. PMID- 714590 TI - Usher syndrome in four hard-of-hearing siblings. AB - Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and congenital deafness comprise the autosomal recessive Usher syndrome. The four affected siblings discussed here have audiometric curves characteristic of the 10% of patients with the syndrome who are not profoundly deaf. The oldest already has RP. Even though the younger three siblings have no visual symptoms, they do have auditory signs of the syndrome; they almost certainly will develop RP and become deaf-blind adults. Electroretinography indicates that the second oldest boy has early evidence of rod dysfunction. Special audiometric tests and electronystagmographic results support previous reports of a peripheral rather than central auditory lesion. The heterozygote parents show unilateral high-frequency hearing losses with normal retinal and vestibular function. PMID- 714591 TI - Congenital rectal stenosis: a sign of a presacral pathologic condition. AB - Congenital rectal stenosis may be detected in the newborn during the initial physical examination. Failure of conservative therapy (dilatation) should alert the physician to the presence of an associated pathologic condition in the presacral space. Presacral teratoma, anterior sacral meningocele, or bony anomalies may be the underlying extrinsic causes of congenital rectal stenosis. Prompt recognition and appropriate operative management directed at the presacral lesion will relieve obstructive symptoms and minimize morbidity. PMID- 714592 TI - Hypertension associated with the Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is frequently complicated by hypertension, which has been ascribed to sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. We report the case of a child with GBS and hypertension that appeared to be related to increased renin-angiotensin activity. Urinary catecholamine excretion was normal. Propranolol therapy successfully controlled the hypertension. Evaluation of the renin-angiotensin system and catecholamine excretion is indicated in patients with GBS and hypertension. PMID- 714593 TI - Telephone assessment of illness: what is being taught and learned? PMID- 714594 TI - Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring in infants with persistent fetal circulation who are receiving tolazoline therapy. PMID- 714595 TI - Car seat burns in infants: avoiding confusion with inflicted burns. PMID- 714597 TI - Thumbs and anemia. PMID- 714596 TI - Urinary tract infection in the infant: the unsuspected diagnosis. PMID- 714598 TI - Fouling one's own nest. PMID- 714599 TI - Traveler beware! (of over-the-counter drugs in Spain) PMID- 714600 TI - Are mental health teams necessary in cardiac clinics? PMID- 714601 TI - Complication using a nasal oxygen catheter. PMID- 714602 TI - [Changes in the nervous system of young children with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 714603 TI - [Acute infectious toxicosis as a cause of sudden infant death (clinico-anatomical parallels)]. PMID- 714604 TI - [State of the physiological system of connective tissue in children with exudative diathesis]. PMID- 714605 TI - [Urgent problems of treatment of pneumonia in young children]. PMID- 714606 TI - [Prognosis of pathological processes in children with exudative diathesis]. PMID- 714607 TI - [Various characteristics of metabolism of the erythrocytes in children with rickets in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 714608 TI - [Morbidity among infants with excessive body weight during the 1st year of life]. PMID- 714609 TI - [Degree of physical development and the indicators of protein metabolism in children of the 1st year of life with various typological characteristics of higher nervous activity]. PMID- 714610 TI - [Mathematical indicators of the iron, copper, cobalt and zinc balance in the body of healthy infants]. PMID- 714611 TI - [Clinico-experimental prerequisites for preparing the infant nutrition products of higher biological value[]. PMID- 714612 TI - [Clinical symptoms and diagnosis of infectious-allergic myocarditis in children]. PMID- 714613 TI - [Characteristics of non-rheumatic myocarditis and its classification in children]. PMID- 714614 TI - [Contractility of the myocardium in its nonspecific lesions in preschool children]. PMID- 714615 TI - [Changes in the heart atrium in infectious-allergic, septic and fetal heart diseases in children]. PMID- 714616 TI - [Syndrome of weakness of the sinoatrial node in children]. PMID- 714617 TI - [Blood serum immunoglobulin content in children with various heart diseases]. PMID- 714618 TI - [Diagnostic value of clinical symptoms of interatrial defects and partial form of the atrioventricular canal in children]. PMID- 714619 TI - [Change in the activity of the kinin system of the kidneys and microcirculatory disorders in young children with toxic form of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 714620 TI - [Hereditary erythroenzymopenic methemoglobinemia and congenital heart defects of the "blue" type (clinical aspects and differential diagnosis)]. PMID- 714622 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of children and adolescents after surgical correction of congenital heart defects of the "pale" type]. PMID- 714621 TI - [Results of closed atrioseptotomy in complete transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery in young children]. PMID- 714623 TI - [Characteristics of the evolution of ECG in childhood]. PMID- 714624 TI - Fulfillment and frustration: the confessions of a behavioral biochemist. PMID- 714625 TI - Abortion, ethics, and biology. PMID- 714626 TI - Man and his genes. PMID- 714628 TI - Medicine on the brink: the dilemma of a learned profession. PMID- 714627 TI - In what ways are recent developments in biology and sociobiology relevant to ethics? PMID- 714630 TI - "Perithan experience": naming the beyond. PMID- 714629 TI - A social organizational approach to problems of ethics in clinical research. PMID- 714631 TI - Bromacil and diuron residue levels in Florida citrus soils. AB - The widespread use of herbicides in Florida citrus groves raises the possibility of residue accumulation following repeated applications. To determine residue levels of commonly used herbicides, soil samples were taken from large experimental plots in commercial groves in Polk and Hardee Counties. Bromacil and diuron had been applied in combination at both locations for 7-8 years. Analyses of samples showed low levels of both herbicides at various soil depths to 60 cm. Only a small amount of bromacil was detectable one year after applications, but diuron levels were higher. Continuous applications at recommended rates and frequencies have resulted in maximum bromacil and diuron levels of 3.9 percent and 13.1 percent, respectively, of their total application. PMID- 714632 TI - DDT residues in butter and infant formula in India, 1977. AB - Samples of commercial brands of butter and infant formula from different parts of India were examined for DDT residues. All 18 samples of butter representing nine brands were contaminated. Levels of DDT residues ranged from 0.42 to 11.36 ppm and exceeded the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization practical residue limit of 1.25 ppm in 90 percent of the samples. All four brands of infant formula contained DDT residues above the practical residue limit. Most DDT residues were in the form of p,p-TDE in both commodities. This contamination of milk with excessive amounts of DDT residues seems to be widespread in India. PMID- 714633 TI - [Investigation on change in kidney size during renal angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 714634 TI - [Studies on pluridirectional macrotomography Part 1: apparatus and its efficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 714635 TI - [Gastric tumors on chest radiographs (author's transl)]. PMID- 714636 TI - [Transhepatic embolization of gastroesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 714638 TI - [Contributions to improvement of postgraduate and continuing medical education]. PMID- 714637 TI - [A process for image formation in the scintigram with a gamma-camera (author's transl)]. PMID- 714639 TI - [Discussion on the prognosis and surplus of physicians. Planned development or explosion? The economy will determine physicians demand]. PMID- 714640 TI - [Experiments with Scandinavian model courses on interviewing technics and physician-patient relations]. PMID- 714641 TI - [Compulsory treatment is often destructive. Concentrate on voluntary and better treatment]. PMID- 714642 TI - [Compulsory treatment in emergency cases is a human right. A special law discriminates mental sick patients]. PMID- 714643 TI - [Less compulsion but more engagement in helping people against their will]. PMID- 714644 TI - [Discrepancy in law--the practice of decreasing rather than increasing the indications for compulsory admission]. PMID- 714645 TI - [Regulations for compulsory admission of mental patients and deviants]. PMID- 714646 TI - [Education and social assistance can reduce the frequency of suicide]. PMID- 714647 TI - Medical education--too little care, too much intervention. PMID- 714648 TI - [Changes in medical education in Arhus 1978]. PMID- 714649 TI - [Artificial joints need to be further developed--but along standard lines]. PMID- 714651 TI - [Protection from radiation can be improved by intensified education and controls]. PMID- 714650 TI - [How are the radiation risks in diagnostic radiographic work to be reduced?]. PMID- 714652 TI - [Is the debate on health care and self care concealing a surreptitious retrenchment of health services?]. PMID- 714653 TI - [Emergency departments for migraine patients increases hospital admissions]. PMID- 714654 TI - [Should the license be re-examined regularly? Complement profile for every doctor?]. PMID- 714655 TI - [New systems for continuing education are prepared. Reading medical articles plays a role in recertification]. PMID- 714656 TI - [Continuing education for a small professional group. Inter-Scandinavian course for hospital physicists]. PMID- 714657 TI - [Continuing education is to be developed in Finland]. PMID- 714659 TI - [Shortage of physicians in Sweden is a symptom of the failure of government]. PMID- 714658 TI - [Can fewer Danish and Icelandic doctors be employed in Sweden from 1979?]. PMID- 714660 TI - A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. IV. Patterns of flea infestation in dogs and cats in Denmark. PMID- 714661 TI - A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. V. The intradermal test in the diagnosis of flea allergy in dogs and cats. AB - A group of 143 dogs and cats with pruritic skin disease was tested by intradermal injection of a dilute whole cat flea extract. The test results were correlated with the clinical diagnosis (Table I, III), with previous or present findings of fleas on the animals (Table II, III), with the presence or absence of blood eosinophilia (Table IV), and, in animals with clinical flea allergy, with the histological findings in a skin biopsy excised from a clinically affected skin site (Fig. 1). The predictive value of a positive and a negative outcome of the test was assessed graphically by means of calculations described in the Appendix (Figs. 2, 3). It is concluded that the test is sufficiently specific to justify its use in animals where flea allergy is suspected but cannot be proved by routine clinical examination. The histological findings and the nature of the skin reactions suggest that a positive outcome of the test is indicative of an immediate, type I hypersensitivity towards components of the oral secretion of fleas and that this hypersensitivity is mediated by reaginic antibody which to some extent is produced by plasma cells located in skin areas where flea saliva is deposited. PMID- 714662 TI - [A comparative study of methods for water activity measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 714663 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of antibiotics in human respiratory tract (author's transl)]. AB - We report the results of the study of the bronchial concentrations of several antibiotics. The experiment included 280 patients and the concentrations achieved in bronchial secretions were measured for 11 antibiotics. The samples of bronchial secretions were taken in situ by fibroscopy or through the tracheostomy cannula. The results of the study show that the rate of penetration is variable according to the different drugs; even in the same antibiotic family such as beta lactam antibiotics the rate of penetration is variable. The bronchial levels of aminoglycosides, macrolides and tetracyclines are worthwhile, and are often superior to the MIC of the infecting organisms; the penetration is also dependant of the inflammatory conditions of the bronchi. Otherwise the sampling conditions were the best possible since samples taken by fibroscopy or by tracheostomy are not contaminated by saliva which is a factor of dilutional error. The methodology used in this study is an approach of pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in respiratory tract. PMID- 714664 TI - [B virus chronic hepatitis in the haemodialysed uraemic patient. Correlation between hepatic lesions and the presence of antigen e in 12 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Twelve patients on haemodialysis for 6 months to 3 years contracted AgHBs positive hepatitis, 9 being also Ag e positive. They continued to carry the same antigens. Histological surveillance was begun from the 6th month of the disease onwards, with 2 to 4 repeated biopsies in 1,5 to 3,5 years in 9 patients, the last 3 having only one biopsy between the 8th and the 15th month. In 6 patients, the first biopsy revealed chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and in other 6 (5 male and 1 female) chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH). Subsequent biopsies revealed cirrhosis in a patient treated with alphamethyldopa (Ag e +), the absence of any changes in 7 other patients (4 CPH including 3 Ag e + and 3 CAH including 2 Ag e +), and an improvement in the last. Long term surveillance of hepatitis B by repeated biopsies in haemodialysed patients reveals that histological lesions are stable at 2 years, that certain drugs may have an aggravating role and that Ag e has no prognostic value. PMID- 714665 TI - [The association of a digestive carcinoma and subacute endocarditis. 4 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Attention has recently been drawn to the association of digestive carcinoma and streptococcus bovis endocarditis. The authors studied 130 records of patients with endocarditis and an association with a digestive tumour (3 neoplasms, one villous tumour) was found in four. Streptococcus bovis was demonstrated in one case, streptococcus faecalis in two and streptococcus durans in one. The association of carcinoma and subacute endocarditis would thus seem to not solely relate to digestive commensual organisms. The question of common factors favourising carcinoma and endocarditis is raised. PMID- 714666 TI - [The persistence of foetal circulation. Neonatal pulmonary arterial hypertension. Favourable action of tolazoline (author's transl)]. AB - Alongside reversible secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension accompanying neonatal respiratory distress, there are primary PAH leading to the persistence of the foetal circulation. This is a true functional neonatal heart disease which may occur alone or be seen in association with another form of neonatal distress such as respiratory distress secondary to the inhalation of amniotic fluid. Any neonatal hypoxaemia irreductible by classical methods should suggest the possibility of persistent pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction and lead, in the absence of systemic hypotension, to the administration of vasodilators. These data remain in the preliminary stage and further studies, in particular pharmacological, of these drugs are necessary. PMID- 714667 TI - [Transperitoneal supra-mesocolic approach to the inferior vena cava in the prophylaxis of pulmonary emboli (author's transl)]. AB - An immediate approach to the inferior vena cava is depicted. By this way, it is easy to place a serrated clip under the renal veins, to face the problems of possible caval abnormality, and to review the whole abdominal cavity. PMID- 714668 TI - [Herpes keratites treated by leukocyte extracts dialysates (author's transl)]. PMID- 714669 TI - [Antigen e-antibody e system in hepatitis B: 2 years of systematic study]. PMID- 714670 TI - [Cimetidine: neuropsychic complications]. PMID- 714671 TI - [Condyloma of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 714672 TI - [Antithrombin III deficiency, hyperlipidaemia and recurrent thrombosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 714673 TI - [Assay of total blood estriol from capillary blood and by a micromethod]. PMID- 714674 TI - [Torsion of the appendix: a new case (author's transl)]. PMID- 714675 TI - [Effect of lidoflazine on sinoventricular conduction]. PMID- 714676 TI - [Is gastroesophageal reflux a cause of sudden infant death?]. PMID- 714677 TI - [Digital replantations: development of indications]. PMID- 714678 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde duodenocholangiopancreatography. An effective and relatively safe diagnostic method]. PMID- 714680 TI - [Metastasis of the cervico-occipital hinge joint]. PMID- 714681 TI - [HBe Ag/anti-HBe system: results of a study of 66 patients having the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG)]. PMID- 714682 TI - [Symposium on the evaluation of the toxicity of aminoglycosides. Fundamental facts and therapeutic applications. Opening of the symposium]. PMID- 714679 TI - [Superiority of cephacetrile in treatment of bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 714683 TI - [Introduction--the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides]. PMID- 714684 TI - [Accumulation and persistence of aminoglycosides in the renal parenchyma]. PMID- 714685 TI - [Aminoglycoside tissue accumulation. A comparison between gentamycin and tobramycin in patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 714686 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of gentamycin and tobramycin in dogs: comparison following continuous perfusion or once daily intravenous injection]. PMID- 714687 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of gentamycin and tobramycin combined with methicillin or cephalothin]. PMID- 714688 TI - [Comparative studies on the action of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins on the proximal tubule of the human kidney (author's transl)]. AB - Tubulo-toxic effects of drugs can be recognised by the elimination of portions of brush border membrane in the urine. An integral constituent of the brush border membrane is an alanine aminopeptidas (AAP). It is measurable in the urine enzymatically and immunologically with great reliability. The AAP activity was determined in the 24-hour urine of test subjects. Fifteen subjects received 3 mg/kg gentamicin, sisomicin or tobramycin on 3 consecutive days and 10 subjects were given amikacin (15 mg/kg). In addition, 15 subjects received cephacetrile (8.0 g), cephazolin (6.0 g) or cephalothin (8.0 g) on 3 consecutive days. It was shown that all aminoglycosides have a cumulative effect on the brush border membrane, amikacin is the strongest and tobramycin the weakest. The cephalosporins cephalothin and cephazolin were indifferent to the tubule membranes and had no effect on the excretion of AAP. There were responders and non-responders to cephacetrile. The application of cephalothin and cephazolin immediately before the administration of gentamicin prevents the membrane effect of gentamicin. PMID- 714689 TI - [Prediction of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity (author's transl)]. AB - The intrarenal distribution characterisitcs of tobramycin were evaluated in 76 normal canine kidneys during various states of hydration and urine pH. The intrarenal gradient paterns of the drug were also evaluated in 18 severely diseased kidneys obtained from 14 patients undergoing pre-transplant nephrectomy. The results were compared with our earlier data evaluating gentamicin accumulation characteristics in 54 healthy canine and 12 diseased human kidneys. Renal cortical drug accumulation, a matter of potential nephrotoxic importance, was significantly lower in the tobramycin studies. Similarly, cortical tissue binding of tobramycin was 59% (+/- S.E. 4) and for gentamicin was 85% (+/- S.E. 3). The presence of severe disease drastically reduced the renal drug concentration of both compounds. However, in such tissues tobramycin demonstrated slightly higher tissue concentrations in renal cortex (p less than 0.05), medulla (p less than 0.01) and papilla (p less than 0.01) than those measured for gentamicin. The results indicate that there are important differences in the renal disposition of tobramycin and gentamicin in health and disease which relate to matters of toxicologic and therapeutic importance. PMID- 714690 TI - [Ototoxicity of tobramycin and other aminoglycosides (comparative studies)]. PMID- 714691 TI - [Conclusions of the symposium on ototoxicity of aminoglycosides]. PMID- 714692 TI - [Functional respiratory disorders in cigarette smokers]. PMID- 714693 TI - [Reversibility of functional respiratory disorders after stopping cigarette smoking]. PMID- 714694 TI - [Value of bronchological examinations in the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in children]. PMID- 714695 TI - [Natural history of chronic bronchitis in prospective observation of industrial population]. PMID- 714696 TI - [Epidemiological study of respiratory diseases in Plock. 5. Preliminary study of incidence of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 714697 TI - [Effect of functional disorders of the respiratory system and pulmonary circulation on the tolerance to physical exertion of patients with chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary disease]. PMID- 714698 TI - [Effect of functional disorders of the respiratory system and pulmonary circulation on the tolerance to exertion of patients with pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 714699 TI - [Patients' own theory of the disease, opinions of physicians and behavior of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 714700 TI - [Tracheal bronchus]. PMID- 714701 TI - [Diagnosis of non-neoplastic tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 714702 TI - [Pathomorphology of tuberculosis of the internal organs of irradiated guinea pigs]. PMID- 714703 TI - [Determination of the phenotype of INH inactivation in pulmonary tuberculosis by means of an indirect method on the model of sulfamethazine]. PMID- 714704 TI - [Results of desensitization with Migen of patients with bronchial asthma caused by hypersensitivity to the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus]. PMID- 714705 TI - [Accessory superior cardiac bronchus in adults]. PMID- 714706 TI - [Value of apex cardiography]. PMID- 714707 TI - [Comparative studies of various indices of the hemostatic system in venous and arterial blood in chronic cor pulmonale syndrome and in the venous blood in healthy subjects]. PMID- 714708 TI - [Classification of medical symptoms. III. Differentiation of complexes of numerous hypotheses]. PMID- 714709 TI - [Evaluation of the proliferative activity of plasma cells in plasmacytoma]. PMID- 714710 TI - [Monoamine oxidase activity in patients with chronic renal failure and in experimental uremia in rats]. PMID- 714711 TI - [Gastrin in atrophic gastritis]. PMID- 714712 TI - [Acute and chronic intravascular clotting in immature cell leukemias (acute)]. PMID- 714713 TI - [Case of ascites and cachexia in a patient with chronic renal failure treated with repeated dialyses]. PMID- 714714 TI - [Primary malignant hemangioendothelioma of the liver with metastases to the lungs, adrenals and lymph nodes]. PMID- 714715 TI - [Acute bone marrow depression in a patient exposed continually to toxin-producing molds]. PMID- 714716 TI - [Cigarette smoking and immunity]. PMID- 714717 TI - [Effect of kinesitherapy on various hemodynamic and biochemical indices in the blood of hypertensive patients]. PMID- 714719 TI - [Syndrome of prolapsing mitral valve leaflet: clinical, hemodynamic and ventriculographic analysis of 10 patients]. PMID- 714718 TI - [Blood and urine hydroxyproline in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 714720 TI - [Glucose metabolism disorders in subjects exposed to fluorine compounds]. PMID- 714721 TI - [Effect of physical exercise on blood and urinary FDP levels in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 714722 TI - [Case of chronic lymphatic leukemia or leukemic form of centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma with conversion to Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 714723 TI - [Morphological and functional basis for a new classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 714724 TI - [Pathomorphology of pulmonary microembolism]. PMID- 714725 TI - [Principles and theoretical considerations in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with immunostimulation]. PMID- 714726 TI - [Liver capacity in the biotransformation of drugs in patients with chronic circulatory failure (kinetics of antipyrine and indocyanine green)]. PMID- 714727 TI - [Polycardiographic studies in the assessment of the pulmonary circulation dynamics in patients with chronic obturative pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 714728 TI - [Prognostic value of the plasma renin activity index in renal venous blood in patients with renovascular hypertension treated surgically]. PMID- 714729 TI - [Cardiogenic shock and the condition of coronary vessels as well as the extent of myocardial necrosis]. PMID- 714730 TI - [In vivo leukocyte migration in patients with chronic bronchitis and coexistent mycotic infection]. PMID- 714732 TI - [Case of ascites during treatment with repeated dialysis]. PMID- 714731 TI - [5-hour urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline in patients with dumping syndrome after loading with 50 g of glucose]. PMID- 714733 TI - [Emergency operation of renal artery in a patient with one kidney and renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 714734 TI - [Use of pipram in the treatment of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 714735 TI - [Principles of the technique of one-time, multilayer radiography of the temporal bones. Own modification (author's transl)]. PMID- 714736 TI - [Curability of laryngeal cancer by radiotherapy in a material of 1016 patients treated at the department of radiotherapy, Medical Academy in Warsaw in the years 1960-1975 (author's transl)]. PMID- 714737 TI - [Angiographic pattern of hydranencephaly (author's transl)]. PMID- 714738 TI - [Radiospirometric, scintigraphic and radiological investigations in bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 714739 TI - [Radiological pattern of chest organs in patients with respiratory failure following extensive operations and injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 714740 TI - [Stress lesions in gymnasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 714741 TI - [Radiological investigations in Scheuermann's syndrome in the lumbar spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 714742 TI - [Localization of intraocular foreign bodies using silicone cup of Wainstock (author's transl)]. PMID- 714743 TI - [Technique of cervical spine examination in patients with post-traumatic pareses (author's transl)]. PMID- 714744 TI - [Posterior cranial fossa tumours in children in scintigraphic and contrast radiographic investigations of the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 714745 TI - [Radiation-induced thyroid carcinoma following treatment for fetal medulloblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 714746 TI - [Ultrasonographic investigations in the differential diagnosis of abdominal tumor. Case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 714747 TI - [Porcelain bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 714748 TI - [Intervertebral disc calcification in a 4-year-old child (author's transl)]. PMID- 714749 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease in newborns and infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 714750 TI - [Use of Jodamide 420 contrast medium in angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 714751 TI - [Difficulties in diagnosis of suppurative diseases of renal parenchyma (author's transl)]. PMID- 714752 TI - [Radiological finding in the lungs of drowning subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 714754 TI - [The significance of radiological investigations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-malignant tracheal strictures (author's transl)]. PMID- 714753 TI - [Early assessment of urinary tract condition after surgical treatment of cystoureteral reflux by the method of Politano-Laedbetter (author's transl)]. PMID- 714755 TI - [A trial of establishing indications for bronchography in newborns and infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 714756 TI - [Radiological external parameters of lumbosacral spine position (author's transl)]. PMID- 714757 TI - [Isotope diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 714758 TI - [Post-traumatic haemobilia (author's transl)]. PMID- 714759 TI - [Superior caval vein thrombosis during cardiac electrostimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 714760 TI - [Comparison of radiological and endoscopic studies in the diagnosis of postgastrectomy symptoms]. PMID- 714761 TI - [Myocardial infarct in women prior to menopause]. PMID- 714762 TI - [Achilles tendon reflexography in cardiovascular neurosis]. PMID- 714763 TI - [Tuberculosis of tendon sheaths of finger flexors]. PMID- 714764 TI - [Case of Osgood-Schlatter disease]. PMID- 714765 TI - [Relationship between nutritional status and drug metabolism in man]. PMID- 714766 TI - [Blood clotting disorders in patients with lung neoplasms]. PMID- 714767 TI - [Endoscopic and radiological findings in cases of reflux]. PMID- 714768 TI - [Surgical treatment of atrial septal defects combined with partly abnormal pulmonary venous drainage]. PMID- 714769 TI - [Occurrence of anaerobic bacteria in clinical material. An analysis]. PMID- 714770 TI - [Case of anorchism]. PMID- 714771 TI - [In vitro and in vivo studies of the use of betadine (Betaisadone) in burn wounds]. PMID- 714772 TI - [Prevention of cholelithiasis--new concepts]. PMID- 714773 TI - [Relationship between digoxin concentration in saliva and serum]. PMID- 714774 TI - [Serum arylesterase activity in patients with acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 714775 TI - [Ornithosis agents as an etiological factor in atypical pneumonia]. PMID- 714777 TI - [Prognostic test of pregnancy risk and its value in the assessment of pregnancy effects on the hemodynamics of congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 714776 TI - [Kraurosis vulvae coexisting with a yeast infection]. PMID- 714778 TI - [Effect of propranolol on the ECG in patients with confirmed coronary disease]. PMID- 714779 TI - [Brain edema and methods of its management]. PMID- 714780 TI - [Effect of beta-methyl-digoxin in rapid supraventricular dysrhythmias]. PMID- 714782 TI - [Effect of gymnastics on the dynamics of left ventricular contraction]. PMID- 714781 TI - [Hormonal state of patients with anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 714783 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of tumor involving midline cerebral structures and third ventricle]. PMID- 714785 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis in malaria]. PMID- 714784 TI - [Preventive and therapeutic management of hypertension in the light of present day needs and possibilities]. PMID- 714786 TI - [Various serum biochemical parameters in workers exposed to vibration and noise]. PMID- 714787 TI - [Healing of linear fractures in cranial vault bones]. PMID- 714788 TI - [Clinical and histological observations on psoriasis regression following cignoline treatment]. PMID- 714789 TI - [Hoffmann's syndrome]. PMID- 714790 TI - [Transplantation of small intestine]. PMID- 714791 TI - [Role of antibodies in the process of neoplasm development]. PMID- 714792 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of traumatic changes in the anterior segment of the eyeball]. PMID- 714793 TI - [Ketamine and diazepam with Xylocaine anesthesia for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in pediatric laryngology]. PMID- 714794 TI - [Usefulness of determination of serum cardiac glycoside concentration in the diagnosis of digitalis intoxication]. PMID- 714795 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse syndrome and primary cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 714796 TI - [Value of serum uric acid determination in pregnant women with EPH-gestosis in the evaluation of fetal risk]. PMID- 714798 TI - [Present-day possibilities and prospects in the treatment of obesity]. PMID- 714797 TI - [Kleine-Levine syndrome (case report)]. PMID- 714799 TI - [Surgical treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 714800 TI - [Intraoperative hemodilution with gelatin solutions]. PMID- 714801 TI - [Aortic arch syndrome]. PMID- 714802 TI - [Treatment of Leriche's syndrome by means of Dallon bifurcated prosthesis of Polish manufacture]. PMID- 714803 TI - [Late results of lumbar sympathectomy in obliterative arteriosclerosis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 714804 TI - [Anaerobiosis in purulent material]. PMID- 714805 TI - [Frequency of various surgical operations and use of hospital beds during postoperative period in Warsaw in 1972]. PMID- 714806 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the small intestine as a cause of acute peritonitis]. PMID- 714807 TI - [Appendicitis in reversed torsion of the large intestine]. PMID- 714808 TI - [Colonic inflammatory tumor suggesting a neoplastic lesion]. PMID- 714809 TI - [Does the common bile duct have its own peristaltic motility?]. PMID- 714810 TI - [Value of synthetic resorbable synthetic surgical threads]. PMID- 714811 TI - [Functional lung examinations in children and adolescents suffering from chest deformities]. PMID- 714813 TI - [Deformity of the anterior part of the foot in adults. The hypersensitive foot syndrome]. PMID- 714812 TI - [Near-complete resection of small intestine in a child]. PMID- 714814 TI - [Sodium, chloride and the so-called visible water balance following surgery for hyperthyroid goiter]. PMID- 714815 TI - [Effect of parasympathetic denervation on the basal gastric electric rhythm]. PMID- 714816 TI - [Choice of extremity amputation level based on ultrasonic examination]. PMID- 714817 TI - [Treatment of chronic osteitis with gentamicin balls]. PMID- 714818 TI - [Early diagnosis of postoperative venous thrombosis and evaluation of the effects of pharmacological prevention of thrombosis]. PMID- 714819 TI - [Treatment of multifocal injuries during mountaineering]. PMID- 714820 TI - [Renovascular hypertension with cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 714821 TI - [Case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 714822 TI - [Surgical aspects of the variability of duodenal vascularization]. PMID- 714823 TI - [Meconium peritonitis]. PMID- 714824 TI - [Principles of blood plasma coagulation kinetics]. PMID- 714826 TI - [Natural genetic engineering]. PMID- 714825 TI - [Hageman factor. Present-day views]. PMID- 714827 TI - [Experimental methods used in the evaluation of antitumor action of new agents]. PMID- 714828 TI - Hypertension in renal insufficiency: a major therapeutic problem. AB - Hypertension and a high incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality often accompany end-stage renal disease. Causes of the hypertension include abnormalities of extracellular fluid volume, increased activity of the renin angiotensin system, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, and deficiency of vasodilator substances. Treatment is not detrimental to residual renal function and may enhance the quality of survival. Several types of therapy are available that may be used sequentially or in combination. New antihypertensive drugs and improved blood-cleansing devices allow a more optimistic outlook on long-term survival in end-stage renal disease. PMID- 714829 TI - Renal osteodystrophy in end-stage renal failure. AB - Renal osteodystrophy has many skeletal pathologic features, eg, fibroosteoclasia (osteitis fibrosa), osteomalacia, osteopenia, pseudofracture, cyst formation, and osteosclerosis. Many of these are caused by the secondary hyperparathyroidism that usually accompanies renal failure. Derangements in parathyroid hormone secretion, calcium and phosphate metabolism, and renal production of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (the most active form of vitamin D) are all interrelated and pathogenetic features of renal osteodystrophy. Types of abnormalities detected radiologically vary with patient age, type of management, and duration of hemodialysis, as well as with techniques and type of film used and interest of the radiologist. An x-ray film of the hands should always be made--it will show subperiosteal resorption in a large number of patients on dialysis. Prevention and management of renal osteodystrophy hinge on control of hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. PMID- 714830 TI - Drug use in renal failure. AB - The spectrum of interaction between drugs and the kidney is broad. Most drugs are excreted at least partially by the kidney, and renal function affects drug bioavailability, volume of drug distribution, and drug metabolism and rate of drug elimination. Drug therapy not only is potentially hazardous in patients with renal failure but also can cause a number of renal diseases. The clinician should be familiar with the pharmacologic and potential toxic effects of any drug used in a patient with uremia and should monitor creatinine clearance or at least serum creatinine level as a gauge of renal function. The drug regimen can be modified according to these measurements, either by administering a constant dose and varying the interval or by varying the dose and keeping the interval constant. PMID- 714831 TI - Electrolyte studies. 2. Potassium, chloride, and acid-base. AB - Hypokalemia plus elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) content usually indicates renal or gastrointestinal potassium (K+) loss. Hypokalemia plus decreased CO2 content usually means intestinal K+ loss. Hyperkalemia is common in metabolic acidosis and oliguric renal failure. With hemolysis or thrombocytosis, serum K+ concentration may be elevated while plasma concentration is normal. A CO2 value less than 18 mmole/liter suggests metabolic acidosis; a value greater than 30 mmole/liter suggests metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 714832 TI - Why a national nutrition policy? PMID- 714833 TI - Science, intuition, and medical practice. PMID- 714834 TI - Acute pancreatitis. PMID- 714835 TI - A fatuous impediment to research: a short dissertation. PMID- 714836 TI - Urography in children: when should it be done? 2. Conditions other than infection. AB - Conditions that are often associated with an increased incidence of renal anomalies include imperforate anus, congenital vertebral abnormalities, and Fanconi anemia; excretory urography should be done if such a condition is present. Urography is also useful to provide baseline data in conditions associated with later development of urinary problems, such as myelodysplasia, prune-belly syndrome, and exstrophy of the bladder. In addition, urography serves as a periodic check for complications of treatment (hydronephrosis, obstruction) in patients with urinary diversion. Certain signs, eg, dribbling, hematuria after mild trauma, unexplained pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum in a neonate, and neonatal abdominal mass, call for immediate urography. In many conditions that were formerly thought to be associated with major urinary abnormalities, urography is not called for. Such is the case in hypospadias, deformities of the external ear alone, and undescended testes. Dehydration is the only absolute contraindication to urography. PMID- 714837 TI - Hemophilia: a guide for the primary care physician. AB - The hemophiliac knows when he is bleeding. When such a patient is aware of bleeding and consults a primary care physician, the episode usually has been of sufficient duration and is severe enough to demand prompt treatment with high potency materials. Needless delay results in further complications and additional costly treatment. The type of deficiency can usually be ascertained from the patient or family member. If there is no history of an inhibitor, replacement therapy should be initiated promptly. PMID- 714838 TI - Pathogenesis of the uremic syndrome. AB - Uremia is the last of four progressive stages of renal disease. Symptoms are referable to major organ systems and appear to be intensified by high intake of crude dietary protein. In many respects uremia resembles systemic poisoning from a toxic substance, and many chemicals are now suspected, but not proved, to be causative agents. The hypometabolism and low body temperature commonly seen in advanced uremia could result from alterations in cellular sodium transport. These changes can be reversed by hemodialysis or renal transplantation. PMID- 714839 TI - Metabolic and endocrine alterations in end-stage renal failure. AB - Many alterations in metabolic and endocrine function occur in end-stage renal disease. Glucose intolerance is almost always present with uremia; it improves shortly after institution of regular hemodialysis. Hyperlipidemia (type IV) is prevalent, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease causes death in about 50% of patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. Although plasma levels of growth hormone usually are elevated, children with chronic renal failure show growth retardation. The occurrence of thyroid disorders is difficult to determine, since many clinical features of uremia are similar to those of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The incidence of duodenal ulcer is high, possibly due to high gastrin levels. Sex hormone disturbances are common. Anemia is a constant feature of chronic renal failure; patients usually tolerate it well. PMID- 714841 TI - [Risks associated with regional anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The risks attendant on regional anaesthesia derive from the condition of the patient, the technique employed and the skill, or lack of skill, on the part of the anaesthetist. Patient-determined risk factors are: existent diseases and pathological conditions which in many cases cannot be rectified pre-operatively. The main difficulties and complications of regional anaesthesia arise from mechanical, pharmacodynamic and toxic factors and infection. Each technique carries its own specific risk. With due care many of the complications can be prevented. PMID- 714840 TI - [Risk of general anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - 95 506 patients who received general anesthesia during the period of 1964--1977 were studied. The account of all actual or possible life threatening complications during the anesthesia is given: oedema of the glottis, air embolism, accidental injection of the wrong drug, respiratory insufficiency, hypoxia, pulmonary oedema, airway occlusion by the cuff, vomiting and aspiration, anaphylactoid reaction, death within 24 hours, death on the table. Deaths not attributable to anaesthesia are listed separately. We have found that in one of every 139 anaesthetics given there was a life threatening complication to the patient. In every 197th anaesthetic there was a clear connection with the anaesthetic technique used. In contrast with the great number of near fatal complications the rate of irreversible damage or mortality connected with general anaesthesia was low. PMID- 714842 TI - [Death on the operating table (author's transl)]. AB - Inquests following death on the table present the expert with a number of problems: he has to assess not only the causal connection between therapeutic or surgical procedures and death of the patient, but also the part played by anaesthesia in the fatal outcome. A number of cases are reported and an attempt is made to provide some objective guide-lines for the expert. PMID- 714843 TI - [The role of the physician in assessing fitness for surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The decision regarding fitness of a person to undergo surgery and anaesthesia is made by the surgeon and anaesthetist according to agreed criteria. The physician takes part in the decision only in those cases where additional information regarding the type and extent of the disorder is required or when doubtful findings need further clarification. Closer co-operation between anaesthetist and physician regarding the indications for pre-operative tests and investigations is desirable. PMID- 714844 TI - [The technical risk of anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Improper anaesthetic practice is caused among other things, by technical failure of apparatuses used in anaesthesia. An attempt is made to classify the technical hazards involved in anaesthesia, especially with regard to symptomatology and causes, to enable rapid detection and correction of technical errors or breakdowns. PMID- 714845 TI - [Misadventures in anaesthesia and the law (author's transl)]. AB - In order to establish liability there must be a causal connection between an objectively erroneous action and the ensuing damage. Criminal negligence presupposes that failure on the part of the anaesthetist to exercise the necessary care, including neglect properly to choose and supervise his assistants, is responsible for the mishap. Since anaesthesia constitutes a trespass to a person's body the consent of the patient has to be obtained. Such consent is valid only if the patient has been apprised of the nature, significance and risks of the anaesthetic method to be used. The anaesthetist must inform the patient whether general or regional anaesthesia is planned. The extent to which such information must be supplied and proof that it has been given may present difficulties. A practical approach is to provide the patient with as much information as will enable him to ask relevant questions and then to decide whether or not he wants further explanations. PMID- 714846 TI - [Air embolism; a complication during neurosurgery in the sitting position (author's transl)]. AB - Neurosurgery in the sitting position not only puts a strain on the cardiopulmonary system, but also carries the risk of venous air embolism. Special monitoring procedures as well as prophylactic measures greatly contribute towards the safety of the patient. The pathogenesis, pathophysiology and the symptoms of venous air embolism are reviewed, and various monitoring methods are discussed, with special reference to their reliability, sensitivity and practicability. The analysis shows that the Doppler ultrasound method, continuous capnography during the duration of the operation, intra-arterial measurement of blood pressure, recording of the central venous pressure and of electrocardiographic changes are essential means of routine monitoring. Suspected air embolism must be promptly dealt with not only by ligation of the severed vein but also by attempts at aspiration of the air bubbles via the atrial catheter. The latter, therefore, plays an important role both as a diagnostic parameter and a therapeutic agent. Although the suggested prophylactic measures do not absolutely protect against complications they will markedly reduce the incidence of venous air embolism. PMID- 714847 TI - [Cardiocirculatory arrest due to hyperkalaemia following i.v. Imbretil for muscular relaxation (author's transl)]. AB - The muscle relaxant Imbretil was investigated in 10 patients for initiating anaesthesia and for a prolonged artificial ventilation. In 50% of the patients a rather quick and drastic rise of the serum potassium-level was found. A cardiac arrest occurred in one patient due to a hyperkalaemia but fortunately was reversible. Consequently we do not use Imbretil in our Hospital anymore. Today better and less dangerous drugs are available instead--Imbretil must be placed as an obsolete drug. PMID- 714848 TI - [Rupture of the aorta complicating multiple injuries (author's transl)]. AB - A case of subtotal circumferential rupture of the aorta is described which involved a woman who had sustained multiple injuries in a traffic accident. The rupture was discovered only during autopsy. As this type of injury is generally not diagnosed until after death, knowledge of some of the characteristics signs of rupture of the aorta is important, especially to the physician in charge of an intensive care unit. If there are suspicious signs aortography is essential. The only treatment likely to succeed is surgery, but postoperative mortality is still as high as 20--40 per cent. PMID- 714849 TI - [Antacids for preventing aspiration pneumonia (Mendelson syndrome) in obstetric anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The risk of aspiration pneumonia attendant on obstetric anaesthesia and the importance of the pH value of the aspirated gastric juice in the development of aspiration pneumonia are emphasized. The use of antacids and other agents as a preventive measure is reviewed. PMID- 714850 TI - [Cardiovascular effects produced by prophylactic digitalization during introduction of anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The narrow field of non-controversial indications concerning the application of digitalis glycosides is pointed out. Problems of routine digitalization of older patients not suffering from cardiac insuffiency are discussed with special regard to preparing them for operations. Up to now, from the viewpoint of anaesthesiologists no benefits of prophylactic digitalization have been found. In a retrospective computerized study, clinical hemodynamic parameters during introduction of anaesthesia have been investigated by means of anaesthetic data recorded during three years. Nondigitalized patients older than fifty years showed satisfactory cardiac functions, whereas prophylactically digitalized patients--compared with the control group--have been treated with plasma expanders earlier and at a double rate. Furthermore, higher heart frequencies and greater tendency to arrythmias were observed. Consequently, prophylactic digitalization cannot be recommended in general. PMID- 714851 TI - [EEG tracings in cerebral death (author's transl)]. AB - In diagnosing electrocerebral silence (isoelectric tracing) the investigator must be sure to exclude the possibility of an artefact. With the methods available up to now for testing the proper functioning of electroencephalographic equipment it has not been possible entirely to avoid errors. A new method is described for the rapid and quantitatively exact testing of EEG equipment including electrodes and cables and the correct recording of isoelectric tracings. PMID- 714852 TI - [Cardiac arrest and hydrothorax as a complication of anaesthesia following subclavian catheter (author's transl)]. AB - The present case report describes a case of intrapleural infusion by means of a subclavian catheter. The clinical situation together with the signs of posteroinferior infarction in ECG led to a wrong diagnosis. During an emergency oepration the intrapleural infusion caused cardiac arrest which could be mastered by successful reanimation. After drainage of the intrapleural infusion the patient recovers without further complications. Prior to every infusion subclavicular catheters should be tested by blood aspiration. PMID- 714853 TI - [Temporary paresis of the phrenic nerve as a complication of subclavian vein puncture (author's transl)]. AB - A case of phrenic nerve paresis as a complication of puncture of the right subclavian vein in local anesthesia is reported. The paresis and phrenoparalysis disappeared after 90 minutes. Possible reasons are discussed. PMID- 714854 TI - [Defibrination syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 714855 TI - [Neurosurgical treatment of cervicospinal injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 714856 TI - [The outcome of brief psychotherapy in 28 psychosomatic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 714857 TI - [Clinical trial with doxivenil gel in chronic venous insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 714858 TI - [Study of the effects of a protein-rich reducing diet on the liver metabolism in overweight patients with healthy livers and obese patients with fatty degeneration (author's transl)]. PMID- 714859 TI - [The new war against pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 714860 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of depressive states in everyday practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 714861 TI - [The treatment of chronic arterial bloodcirculation interference (author's transl)]. PMID- 714863 TI - [Treatment of eclampsia (author's transl)]. PMID- 714862 TI - [Physiopathological concepts on eclampsia (author's transl)]. PMID- 714864 TI - [Shoulder injuries prevention and rehabilitation of articular stiffness (frozen shoulder) (author's transl)]. PMID- 714865 TI - [Double-blind clinical trial between cerebral phospholipids and placebo in the treatment of epilepsy in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 714866 TI - [Eclampsia today (author's transl)]. PMID- 714867 TI - [An application method for infusing intravenously bactrim ampoules 5 ml (author's transl)]. PMID- 714868 TI - [Nospilin a new preparation for the topical treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases of the outer eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 714869 TI - [Study of the influence of medical and non-medical (social) factors for the decision to hospitalise patients with internal medical problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 714870 TI - [Aminoglycosides, renal toxicity and enzymes (author's transl)]. PMID- 714871 TI - [Primary and secondary treatment of tibia fractures with a function below knee cast (author's transl)]. PMID- 714872 TI - [Treatment of ski fractures yesterday and today: viewed from a country practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 714873 TI - [An unusual case of Wegener's granulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 714874 TI - [Intravaginal treatment with dienoestrol cream (author's transl)]. PMID- 714875 TI - Selective binding of rat liver nuclear enzymes to histones, phosvitin and casein coupled to sepharose. PMID- 714876 TI - Preparation and spectral properties of 12-hydroxyl eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). AB - A convenient method for the biosynthesis of 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14 eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) from archidonic acid with human platelets was developed, and milligram quantities were made for biological and spectroscopic characterization. This compound has only weak activity in two of five biological prostaglandin assays and no activity in the other three. The 13C and 1H NMR spectra of HETE were obtained and the signal due to each carbon atom was assigned. PMID- 714877 TI - Synthesis of S-behenyl coenzyme A. AB - The synthesis of behenyl CoA by the reaction of coenzyme A with N hydroxysuccinimide ester of behenic acid is reported. This method gives better yields of behenyl CoA when compared to the acid chloride or mixed anhydride method where side reactions seem to cause a decrease in yield. PMID- 714878 TI - Nalpha-(pteroyltetra (gamma-glutamyl))-lysine as a ligand for the purification of thymidylate synthetase by affinity chromatography. AB - Nalpha-(pteroyltetra (gamma-glutamyl))-lysine Sepharose was synthesized and shown to be a stable high capacity affinity matrix capable of bringing about the purification of Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase to maximum specific activity from crude extracts in high yield. Under conditions optimal for binding of thymidylate synthetase, dihydrofolate reductase was not bound. PMID- 714879 TI - Fractionation of water-insoluble protein using sephacryl S-200 in formamide. AB - The ability of Sephacryl S-200 to fractionate water-insoluble protein by gel permeation chromatography was investigated. Elution of protein standards from colums of Sephacryl S-200 equilibrated with formamide, an excellent solvent for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic proteins, was molecular weight dependent. Advantages of chromatography of water-insoluble proteins using Sephacryl S-200 include rapidity, recovery of protein free of detergent or solvent, safety, ability to purify large amounts of protein, and ability to separate proteins as large as 100,000 daltons. Separation of water-insoluble polypeptides in a crude preparation of gliadin in formamide demonstrated the practicality of the method. PMID- 714880 TI - Purification fo cathepsin D by AH-sepharose affinity chromatography. AB - A rapid and reliable method for coupling the protease inhibitor pepstatin to AH Sepharose 48 was developed. The matrix prepared was used to purify cathepsin D from rat liver. The enzyme was eluted in one fraction and proved to be pure by gel electrophoresis, two types of ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography, and immunologically homogenous by immunoelectrophoresis. This method is more rapid and gives a higher yield than previous techniques. The possibility to use this technique for the purification of other enzymes inhibitable by pepstatin should be considered. PMID- 714881 TI - Purification of antibiotics from Physarum gyrosum by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A family of five antibiotic substances was isolated from the slime mold Physarum gyrosum by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). For this purpose, mold was cultured for two weeks in a liquid medium. Soluble products were harvested by rotary evaporation of medium and extraction with 1-butanol. Paper chromatography in ethyl acetate:pyridine:water (2:2:1 v/v) was used for preliminary fractionation. Active components were separated by HPLC with a reverse-phase column packed with Bondapack C18/Porasil B (Waters Associates) and were eluted with a linear gradient of methanol:water increasing from 70 to 100% methanol over 90 minutes. Purification was completed by rechromatographing individual fractions. Purity of the active components was verified by HPLC and thin layer chromatography. Activity assays against Bacillus cereus showed these materials to be bacteriostatic rather than bacteriocidal. PMID- 714882 TI - The interaction of mammalian interferons with immobilized cibacron blue F3GA: modulation of binding strength. AB - Mouse, hamster, rabbit, horse, and human interferons bind to immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA under appropriate solvent conditions. Three forms of the immobilized ligand have been investigated: Cibacron Blue F3GA-Sepharose 4B, Blue Dextran Sepharose 4B and Blue Sepharose CL-6B. The strength of binding of an interferon depends critically on the sorbent: Cibacron Blue F3GA-Sepharose 4B is the weakest in the series and Blue Sepharose CL-6B the strongest. The use of Blue Dextran Sepharose 4B--a sorbent of intermediate binding properties--allows the complete separation of hamster, mouse and human fibroblast interferons in a single chromatographic step. Indeed, both the resolution, as well as the recovery, of those interferons is complete--regardless of the relative complexity of the chromatographed preparation (containing either crude or purified interferons). Thus, these ligands should prove of considerable use when a facile chromatographic evaluation, both qualitative and quantitative of mammalian interferons is required. PMID- 714883 TI - Velocity sedimentation in isotonic saline and sucrose buffer as a possible method of fractionating normal erythrocytes. AB - On velocity sedimentation in isotonic saline and sucrose buffer, normal human erythrocytes could be fractionated into many different populations. The fastest sedimenting cells consisted entirely of normal discocytes, had a tendency to form clusters of eight to ten cells, were less fragile, and seemed to be separable into two distinct groups of different buoyant densities. The slowest sedimenting cells were echinocytes, did not clump, showed extreme fragility, and were of similar density. PMID- 714884 TI - Isolation and characterization of membrane vesicles from human and boar spermatozoa: methods using nitrogen cavitation and ionophore induced vesiculation. AB - A method for isolation of plasma membrane vesicles from human and boar spermatozoa using nitrogen cavitation is described. The purity of the preparations were assessed by electron microscopy, marker enzyme assay and the sedimentation characteristics of fused plasma membrane-acrosomal membrane vesicles in sucrose gradients. PAGE-SDS profiles of plasma membrane polypeptides from boar spermatozoa were significantly different from those of human spermatozoa. Differences in electrophoretic profiles of polypeptides from different regions of the spermatozooon were also observed. PMID- 714885 TI - [Effect of splenectomy on the granulocytic reserve in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 714886 TI - [Complete and reduced volumes of the transfusion treatment in burns]. PMID- 714887 TI - [Characteristics of intraintestinal absorption of therapeutic solution of gelvisol in normal blood circulation, blood loss and trauma]. PMID- 714888 TI - [Effect of rheopolyglucin on blood coagulation in hypodynamia]. PMID- 714889 TI - [Lysozyme content in the blood as a criterion for the differential diagnosis of pancytopenic states]. PMID- 714890 TI - [Treatment procedures in myelofibrosis]. PMID- 714891 TI - [Characteristics of the stromal bone marrow precursor cells in patients without blood system changes]. PMID- 714892 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the stromal tissue reaction in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 714893 TI - [Stromal tissue differentiation in bone marrow organ cultures]. PMID- 714894 TI - [Micrometric characteristics of the erythron cells in healthy persons (donors)]. PMID- 714895 TI - [Hemoglobin O Arab--beta-thalassemia in a Bulgarian, a resident of Odessa]. PMID- 714896 TI - [Case of lymphogranulomatosis occurring in a patient with erythremia]. PMID- 714897 TI - [Photocolorimetric determination of tripaflavin in a solution used for blood preservation]. PMID- 714898 TI - [Performing intravenous infusions of blood substitutes and infusion solutions using the new PR 11-01 system]. PMID- 714899 TI - [Mouse bone marrow stem cell distribution during albumin density gradient centrifugation]. PMID- 714900 TI - [Methods of treatment of tuberculosis with lung destruction]. PMID- 714901 TI - [Intermittent chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis (review of the literature)]. PMID- 714902 TI - [Intermittent chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis with rifampicin and ethambutol]. PMID- 714903 TI - [Treatment of newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis by the method of rapid intravenous administration of isoniazid]. PMID- 714904 TI - [Causes of ineffective treatment of newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 714905 TI - [Study of the effect of isoniazid on the central nervous system according to the data of dispersion analysis of the electric activity of the brain]. PMID- 714906 TI - [Dynamics of various biochemical indicators in patients with focal bone lesions under the effect of tuberculin]. PMID- 714907 TI - [Remote results of reconstructive resection with simultaneous compression and lengthening of the femur in tuberculous coxitis]. PMID- 714908 TI - [Diagnosis of tuberculous osteitis in the area of the hip joint in adults]. PMID- 714909 TI - [Differentiation of "atypical" nonphotochromogenic Mycobacteria and Mycobacterium avium]. PMID- 714910 TI - [Bacteriophage typing of Mycobacteria of the 1st and 3rd Ranion groups]. PMID- 714911 TI - [Content of various trace elements in experimental tuberculosis treated with isoniazid and complex compounds of copper and cobalt]. PMID- 714912 TI - [Morphological structure and functional activity of free alveolar macrophages in an intact body]. PMID- 714913 TI - [Possibilities of angiography in determination of the phases of pathological process in renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 714914 TI - [Infiltrative bronchial tuberculosis simulating central cancer]. PMID- 714915 TI - [Hamartoma of the mediastinum and pulmonary tuberculoma]. PMID- 714916 TI - [Development of tuberculosis control in the Vinnitsa district]. PMID- 714918 TI - Comparison of macro- and micromineral concentrations in the serum and drinking water of healthy children in Southern Finland. PMID- 714917 TI - Experimental gingivitis in man determined by various indices with special reference to HEMASTIX -strip index. PMID- 714919 TI - A follow-up study of porcelain and acrylic jacket crowns. PMID- 714920 TI - Is a fluoridated polishing paste capable to increase the fluorine content of enamel to the level of uppermost intact enamel. PMID- 714921 TI - [Epidemiologic caries survey in the adult population]. PMID- 714922 TI - [Denture stomatitis]. PMID- 714923 TI - Kinetics of testosterone induced-cholesterol synthesis in rat ventral prostate. PMID- 714924 TI - Exometabolites of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. I. Isolation and initial characterization. PMID- 714925 TI - Metabolism of acyclic and cyclic N-nitrosamines by cultured human colon. PMID- 714926 TI - Effects of thyroxine, epinephrine and cold exposure on lipolysis in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. PMID- 714927 TI - Stimulation of erythropoietin secretion by single amino acids. PMID- 714928 TI - Blood volume changes during the first week after birth in the beagle and pig. PMID- 714929 TI - Pyrazinoic acid and urate transport in the rat. PMID- 714930 TI - The effects of indomethacin and meclofenamate on estrogen induced vasodilation in the rabbit uterus. PMID- 714931 TI - Superoxide dismutase in bovine fetal ductus arteriosus, throacic aorta, and pulmonary and umbilical arteries. PMID- 714932 TI - Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection in thymectomized C3H mice. PMID- 714934 TI - L-histidine-induced hypercholesterolemia: characteristics of cholesterol biosynthesis in rat livers. PMID- 714933 TI - Thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase activity in normal and zinc deficient developing rat embryos. PMID- 714935 TI - Shape change and the percentage of sialic acid removed by neuraminidase from human platelets. PMID- 714936 TI - L-histidine-induced facilitation of cholesterol biosynthesis in rats. PMID- 714937 TI - Enhanced granulocyte mobility induced by chemotactic factor in the agarose plate. PMID- 714938 TI - Immune interferon activates cells more slowly than does virus-induced interferon. PMID- 714939 TI - Competition binding assay using o-methyl-[3H]-demethyl-gamma-amanitin for study of RNA polymerase B. PMID- 714940 TI - Inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis and metabolism by indomethacin in rats. PMID- 714941 TI - Effect of magnesium deficiency on intestinal calcium transport in rats. PMID- 714942 TI - Anti-idiotypic response of BALB/c mice to a myeloma protein of BALB/c origin. PMID- 714943 TI - Effects of indomethacin and tolmetin on furosemide-induced changes in renin release. PMID- 714944 TI - Effect of ethanol on parathryroid hormone and calcitonin secretion in man. PMID- 714945 TI - Pancreatic secretory isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 714946 TI - Structural determinants of the renal tubular activity of vitamin D(3) derivatives: studies with 1 alpha-hydroxy, 24R,25-dihydroxy, and a 1 alpha, 24R,25-trihydroxy vitamin D(3). PMID- 714947 TI - Stimulation of growth hormone release by intraventricular administration of 5HT or quipazine in unanesthetized male rats. PMID- 714948 TI - Light scatter characteristics of erythroid precursor cells studied in flow analysis. PMID- 714949 TI - Salbutamol as a topical anti-inflammatory drug. PMID- 714950 TI - Effect of big and little gastrins on pancreatic and gastric secretion. PMID- 714951 TI - Differential centrifugation studies of guinea pig lung proteases. PMID- 714952 TI - Fluctuations of human pancreatic polypeptide in plasma: effect of normal food ingestion and fasting. PMID- 714953 TI - Mechanism of prostaglandin E(2) stimulation of renin secretion. PMID- 714954 TI - 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine inhibition of chemically induced rat embryo cell transformation. PMID- 714955 TI - Hemopoiesis in diffusion chambers in strontium-89 marrow-ablated mice. PMID- 714956 TI - Effect of long-term administration of epinephrine and propranolol on serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin in the rat. PMID- 714957 TI - The effect of prostaglandin E(2) and indomethacin on the placental vascular response to norepinephrine. PMID- 714958 TI - Relation of vitamin D-dependent intestinal calcium-binding protein to calcium absorption during the ovulatory cycle in Japanese quail. PMID- 714959 TI - Synthesis of rat liver mitochondrial proteins after the administration of a nonlethal dose of cycloheximide. PMID- 714960 TI - Accumulation of latex in Peyer's patches and its subsequent appearance in villi and mesenteric lymph nodes. PMID- 714961 TI - Evidence for maternal and fetal differences in vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 714962 TI - Influence of dietary fat, fasting, and acute premature weaning on in vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis in lactating mice. PMID- 714964 TI - Progress in allergy. Introduction. PMID- 714963 TI - S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolism in rat hepatomas. PMID- 714965 TI - Effects of naloxone on ethanol induced alterations of locomotor activity in C57BL/6 mice. PMID- 714966 TI - Effects of methionine-enkephalin and morphine on spontaneous locomotor activity: antagonism by naloxone. PMID- 714967 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on activity and learning in 6-hydroxydopamine treated rat pups. PMID- 714968 TI - Effects of chronic experimental liver dysfunction and L-tryptophan on behaviour in the rat. AB - Rats with chronic experimental portocaval anastomosis were hypoactive as indicated by diminished activity in the home cage, during habituation in red light to an observation box and during exposure in white light to an open-field. Food intake and responsiveness to electric shock were also decreased. However, there was an abnormally high frequency of social activity when anastomosed rats were paired together after having been caged singly for 3 weeks. Also, sham operated rats interacted more with anastomosed rats than they did with other sham operated animals. Anastomosis also raised brain concentrations of tryptophan, 5 hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Administration of tryptophan to sham-operated rats increased shock threshold and decreased ambulation in an open field. Thus, while anastomosed rats are not comatose they do have considerable behavioural abnormalities for which brain tryptophan changes may be in part responsible. PMID- 714969 TI - An analysis of normeperidine's contribution to the rate-decreasing effects of meperidine. AB - The effects of normeperidine (1-17.5 mg/kg) alone and in the presence of naloxone (1 and 10 mg/kg) were studied in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 response, fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food presentation. Naloxone only potentiated the rate-decreasing effects of normeperidine. The effects of meperidine also were studied after pretreatment with SKF-525A (25 and 50 mg/kg), an inhibitor of drug metabolism. SKF-525A had no effects on responding when administered alone, but it potentiated the rate-decreasing effects of meperidine. It was concluded that meperidine's rate-decreasing effects cannot be due to normeperidine, the metabolite, but rather that both of these drugs have non narcotic actions which produce decreases in schedule-controlled responding. PMID- 714971 TI - Disapearance and excretion of labeled alpha-MSH in man. AB - Despite the considerable evidence for the CNS actions of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in man, little attention has been given to its half-time disappearance from plasma and urinary excretion in normal individuals. In the first experiment, a healthy man was given 15 muCi of tritiated (3H)-alpha MSH as a rapid IV injection. A plot of the disappearance time in plasma was characteristic of a multiexponential curve, the linear components of which were resolved by the subtraction method and half-time disappearance calculated directly from the slope of the regression line. The half-time disappearance was 1 min for the first component and 25 min for the second component. After the IV adminisration of 50 muCi of 125I-alpha-MSH in the second experiment, the two components showed halftime disappearances of 1 min and 4.8 min respectively. These times were not changed by precipitation of the plasma with 10% trichloroacetic acid. Thirty-eight percent and 42% of the label appeared in the urine 4 hr after the injection of either 3H-alpha-MSH or 125I-alpha-MSH. The results suggest that the persistence of high levels of alpha-MSH in the blood after injection in man may be too short to fully explain the CNS effects of alpha MSH. PMID- 714970 TI - Interaction toxicity between ethanol and narcotics in mice with reference to alpha-1-acetylmethadol (LAAM). PMID- 714972 TI - Mesencephalic central gray: locus of morphine and electrical stimulation induced tail erection. PMID- 714973 TI - Effects of extended training on rats depleted of central and/or peripheral catecholamines. AB - Thirty-two Wistar rats were used to investigate the effects of extended training on avoidance performance of rats depleted of Catecholamines. They were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine either (i) intracisternally, (ii) intraperitoneally, or (iii) both IP and IC, and trained on the two-way shuttlebox avoidance task. The results on peripheral noradrenaline depletion led to the conclusion that extended training ameliorates the observed behavioural deficit significantly back to the level of controls. The conclusion that is indicated by the present central catecholamine depletion are: (i) central catecholamine depletion has long term effect on behavioural deficit, (ii) central depletion is more detrimental to avoidance learning than peripheral depletion, and (iii) plasma corticosterone plays no significant mediating roles. PMID- 714974 TI - Lack of behavioural effects following intraventricular infusion of somatostatin in the conscious goat. AB - The effect of IV or intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of somatostatin was studied on the behaviour of conscious goats. The doses of somatostatin infused IV were 100 and 300 microgram for 30 min and 600 microgram for 6 min. The doses infused ICV were 10 and 100 microgram for 30 min and 600 microgram for 6 min. In contrast to earlier reports on experiments with rats ,no behavioral effects whatsoever were seen in goat. IV infusion of 100 to 600 microgram and ICV infusion of 600 microgram of somatostatin caused a difinite reduction in the secretion of insulin and growth hormone, but had no effect on the concentration of blood glucose. The reason why neither IV nor ICV administration of somatostatin had any behavioural effects in the conscious goat, in contrast to the effects in rat, cannot be explained with certainty. This may be due to species specificity, to the amount of somatostatin reaching the central nervous system, or to some metabolic changes in rat but not in goat. PMID- 714975 TI - Effects of repeated injections of naltrexone on antagonism of rate decreases by morphine in the pigeon. AB - Responding of three pigeons was maintained under a multiple schedule of food presentation in which key-pecks produced access to grain under a fixed-interval schedule in the presence of one stimulus and a fixed-ratio schedule in the presence of another stimulus. Repeated daily injections of 1 mg/kg naltrexone had no systematic effect on overall response rate during either schedule component, and the naltrexone continued to antagonize rate decreases of periodic single injections of 10 mg/kg morphine for seven weeks. Tolerance did not occur to the antagonistic effects of naltrexone on rate decreases generally produced by morphine. PMID- 714976 TI - Effects of catecholamine manipulations on three different self-stimulation behaviors. AB - Rats with self-stimulation electrodes in the medial part of lateral hypothalamus (LH) or in the lateral part of LH were trained to bar press, to run in a continuous, square-shaped runway, and to move their tails from side to side while otherwise restrained, all using LH stimulation on an FI 2 sec schedule as the reinforcement. At low doses of pimozide (a dopaminergic blocker) or of FLA-57 (a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor) different effects on rates of responding were observed on each of the 3 tasks at the 2 electrode placements, indicating that the rate reductions were not the results of specific performance effects of the drugs. The patterns of rate changes suggested that the effects of LH stimulation on behavior in the runway were primarily, but not exclusively mediated by a dopaminergic system; that the effects of LH stimulation on tail movement were primarily, but not exclusively mediated by a noradrenergic system; and that the effect of LH stimulation on bar pressing was mediated by both, or either of these substrates. These results suggest that the reinforcement of behavior by LH stimulation is flexibly mediated by at least 2 different neural systems. PMID- 714977 TI - Control of polydipsic drinking by a taste aversion procedure. AB - Rats were given daily sessions with free access to food and saccharin flavored water. After fluid consumption had stabilized food was delivered once every minute. Water was always available in the home cage. All rats showed the marked increase in fluid consumption known as schedule-induced polydipsia. The rats were then poisoned with lithium chloride after each of three sessions in an attempt to condition a taste aversion to the saccharin. On recovery from the toxicosis all rats showed first a reduction and then a recovery in saccharin intake. To establish the nature of this effect, the rats were poisoned after saccharin consumption in the home cage. Again there was a marked reduction in polydipsic drinking in the experimental chamber. These results indicate that common incentive mechanisms govern normal and polydipsic drinking and stand in contrast to published results pointing to different drive systems in the brain mediating normal and polydipsic drinking. PMID- 714978 TI - Effects of central nervous system accumulation of tellurium on behavior in rats. AB - Rats were treated for 112 days with daily injections of 2 mg/kg potassium tellurite in Sorensen's phosphate buffer or with the buffer vehicle only. At sacrifice, the cerebral gray matter of the animals treated with tellurite was grossly darkened. The presence of tellurium in cerebellum was confirmed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Growth of the tellurite-treated animals was significantly impaired when compared with control animals. However, in a T-maze the activity level of the tellurite-treated animals was increased. On a simple delayed response task, the performance of the tellurite-treated animals was more consistent than that of the buffer-treated animals. PMID- 714979 TI - Sex and strain differences in the visual evoked potentials of albino and hooded rats. AB - Visually evoked potentials were recorded n male and female rats from albino and hooded strains. Recordings were made at 4 different flash intensities in unanesthetized animals. Clear sex and strain differences were observed. Females had larger amplitude P1-N1 and N1-P2 components and shorter latency N1 peaks than males. Albino rats had larger amplitude P1-N1, N2-Pe and P3-N3 components and longer latency P2 and P3 peaks than hooded rats. Variations in flash intensity produced greater alterations in latencies and N1-P2 amplitudes in hooded rats than in albino rats, but greater alterations in N1, N2 and P3 latencies in albino rats than in hooded rats. Hooded rats are recommended as more valuable for studies of chemically induced change in the visual evoked potential. PMID- 714980 TI - A reappraisal of scopolamine effects on inhibition. AB - A series of related experiments was conducted to examine the effects of scopolamine on discrimination performance in the presence or absence of a stimulus signalling non-reinforcement. In Experiment 1, rats trained to respond on 1 of two levers in the presence of a 1000-Hz tone and on the other lever in the presence of a 3000-Hz tone were not reinforced when white noise was added to 1 of the tones. Pairing white noise with the other tone during an extinction session demonstrated that the white noise had become a conditioned inhibitory stimulus. In Experiment 2, scopolamine decreased responding and discrimination accuracy on the excitatory (reinforced) trials, and increased responding on the inhibitory (non-reinforced) trials. The magnitude of the drug's effect was similar on excitatory and inhibitory trials. Using combination of visual and auditory discriminative stimuli, Experiment 3 confirmed the results of Experiment 2. These experiments show that scopolamine disrupts animals' ability to discriminate, and that scopolamine-induced increases in non-rewarded responses cannot be attributed solely to a disinhibitory effect of the drug as Carlton (1969) and others have claimed. PMID- 714981 TI - Drug effects under automaintenance and negative automaintenance procedures. AB - Three food-deprived pigeons were initially exposed to an automaintenance procedure in which brief periods of response key illumination were followed by food delivery without regard to the subject's behavior. Keypecking occurred at a high rate while the key was illuminated and was reduced in dose-dependent fashion by acute administration of LSD (0.05--0.45 mg/kg), quipazine (1.0--8.0 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.08--0.32 mg/kg), and pentobarbital (4.0--16.0 mg/kg). The animals were then exposed to a negative automaintenance procedure in which food delivery followed key illumination only if the lighted key was not contacted. Keypecking occurred at a low rate under this procedure, with no responses occurring during the majority of key illuminations and was decreased or unaffected by LSD, quipazine, and haloperidol; pentobarbital increased responding at doses of 4.0 mg/kg and 8.0 mg/kg and reduced responding at a dose of 16.0 mg/kg. PMID- 714982 TI - Effects of repeated administration of cocaine on schedule-controlled behavior of rats. AB - The effects of cocaine (4.0--32 mg/kg) on schedule-controlled behavior of rats were determined before and during a period of repeated administration of cocaine. In rats trained to lever press on a fixed ratio 40 schedule for food delivery, cocaine (8.0--32 mg/kg) initially decreased response rate in a dose-related manner. During the period of repeated administration, the effects of cocaine on response rate and running rate were attenuated in 2 rats and did not change in 2 others. When dose-effect functions of cocaine were redetermined, a shift to the right was observed in several measures indicating the development of tolerance to these effects of cocaine on performance. In rats trained to lever press on a DRL 20" schedule for food delivery, cocaine (4.0--32 mg/kg) increased response rates, decreased number of reinforcements per session and shifted interresponse time distributions to the left (shorter IRT's in all rats). During the period of repeated administration, the effects of the daily dose of cocaine (16 mg/kg) on all these measures were attenuated. Tolerance to cocaine was further indicated by a shift in the dose effect function of cocaine to the right during the redetermination. PMID- 714983 TI - Chronic effects of methadone on a line tilt generalization gradient in the pigeon. AB - Using an adjusting interval schedule, pigeons were trained to key peck at a relatively constant rate during 45 degrees line tilt presentations and at an extremely low rate in the presence of 0 degrees and 90 degrees line angles. Subsequently, the birds received intramuscular injections of methadone hydrochloride every 8 hr in doses beginning at 3 mg/kg/day and increasing progressively to 90 mg/kg/day. Stimulus generalization tests were run on the first day and on the last day a given dose was administered to assess the development of tolerance. Although chronic methadone treatment was associated with an overall decrement in key peck rate, the gradients of line tilt generalization were indistinguishable from saline control gradients at doses as high as 90 mg/kg/day. Though the birds exhibited gross behavioral incoordination, visual stimulus control appeared unaffected. PMID- 714984 TI - Endogenous norepinephrine and serotonin within the hippocampal formation during the development and recovery from septal hyperreactivity. AB - Fluorometric analysis of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) content of the hippocampal formation revealed that biogenic amines are distributed heterogeneously in the dorsoventral axis, and that NE also exhibits a heterogeneous distribution in the medial-lateral direction while 5-HT does not. Dissection of the hippocampus into its dorsal and ventral halves shows that both NE and 5-HT exhibit higher concentrations in the ventral hippocampus in comparison to its dorsal counterpart. A dissection which separated the cell fields CA 1 and 2 from CA 3 and 4 and the dentate gyrus showed NE to be the highest in the latter region, while 5-HT was uniformly distributed between the two regions. Taken together, these data indicate that NE is more highly concentrated in the CA 3 and 4 and dentate area of the ventral hippocampus while 5-HT concentration differences are apparent only in a dorsal-ventral dissection. Concentrations of NE and 5-HT in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus were also determined at 1, 3, 6, 11, 16, 24, and 30 days following a lesion to the septal nuclei. The results demonstrate that biogenic amine levels in the dorsal hippocampus achieve maximal depletion earlier than do their ventral counterparts, and that percent depletion is greater for 5-HT than NE in both dorsal and ventral areas. On the first day following septal lesions, 5-HT is increased above normal levels. Sixteen days after septal lesion, 5-HT is substantially depleted below normal levels. In addition, by 30 days, 5-HT shows significant return toward normal levels from its earlier depleted state. Behavioral changes related to sensory reactivity correlate with the relative decreases of NE and 5-HT following septal lesions. PMID- 714985 TI - Noradrenergic role in the self-administration of ethanol. AB - Involvement of noradrenergic and/or dopaminergic processes of the brain in self administration behavior toward ethanol was assessed in rats allowed to lever press for 25 mg/kg intragastric doses on a CRF schedule. Initial access to infusions of saline for establishing an operant baseline was followed by one 10 hr session on acquisition contingencies for ethanol and then one extinction session on saline. Prior to a reacquisition session, rats were treated with either (a) saline, (b) alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMT; 225 mg/kg), (c) 1-phenyl-3 (2-thiazolyl)-2-thiourea (U-14,624; 600 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg), or (d) haloperidol (3.5 mg/kg). Only the saline-pretreated control group and the haloperidol-treated rats reacquired lever-press behavior. Groups treated in like fashion, but pressing for a sweet milk reinforcer, all showed reacquisition. Thus, the effects of AMT and U-14,624 are attributed to an inteference with the reinforcing effect of ethanol infusions. Brain levels of norepinephrine were depleted by both compounds, dopamine was depleted only by AMT, and serotonin was elevated by 600 mg/kg of U-14,624 but unaffected by 300 mg/kg. These results suggest that a cerebral noradrenergic system plays an important role in the reinforcing effect of ethanol without an involvement of dopaminergic systems. PMID- 714986 TI - Voluntary drinking of ethanol by the rat: biogenic amines and possible underlying mechanism. AB - The present study evaluates the possible relationship between certain biogenic amine metabolites-produced changes in voluntary drinking of ethyl alcohol (ET) solution by the rat and their in vivo effects on the enzymes primarily involved in the hepatic metabolism of ET, i.e., liver alcohol-(L-ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (L-ALDH). In experiments on voluntary intake of ET solution by the rat, compounds selected were injected, 0.5 mM/kg, IP. Administration of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) markedly reduced ET drinking. Similar significant effects were seen after administration of the neutral metabolites of the biogenic amines tested, after injection of metanephrine or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid. Threodihydroxyphenylserine but not L-dopa reduced ET intake by the rat. Treatment with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors, i.e., carbidopa, 50 mg/kg, IP, significantly reduced ET drinking as contrasted with nonsignificant decline in ET consumption following benserazide, 500 mg/kg, IP. In the biochemical study, short term administration of the compounds selected produced varied effects on L-ADH and L-ADH. It is suggested that alteration of hepatic ADH by the compounds tested might account for the observation reduced ET drinking thereby, indicating the contribution of peripheral sources rather than central factors in mediating the behavioral effects studied. PMID- 714987 TI - Beta-endorphin is behaviorally active in rats after chronic intravenous administration. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 14 daily intravenous injections of saline or human beta-endorphin (2.5 mg/kg). Animals were given one-way active avoidance training on the eleventh day, and analgesia testing on the twelfth (tail-flick) and thirteenth (hot-plate) days. Beta-endorphin had no effect on the number of trials needed to reach the avoidance criterion, but significantly lengthened response latencies. Beta-endorphin had no analgesic effect in either test procedure. PMID- 714988 TI - Schedule induced self injections of nicotine with recovered body weight. AB - In a recent series of experiments we have shown that high rates of self injection of nicotine were acquired when rats are at 80% body weight on an FT-1 min food delivery schedule. This rate was significantly higher than that of rats at reduced or normal body weight without food delivery schedules or that of rats injecting saline under three parallel control conditions. In the present experiment naive rats were trained to acquire nicotine self injection at 80% body weight with an FT-1 min food delivery schedule. These rats maintained their self injection rates after they were allowed to regain free feeding body weight. The data indicate that once nicotine intake behavior is established it can be maintained with changing nutritional factors. PMID- 714989 TI - Suppression of fixed-interval responding by flavour-amphetamine pairings in rats. AB - Amphetamine is a potent and very effective drug for conditioning taste aversions, but much less is known about the possible effects of flavour-amphetamine pairings on aspects of behaviour other than eating and drinking. Rats were trained to press bars for water reinforcers delivered on a fixed-interval one-min schedule. Flavoured reinforcers were then substituted for the water and post-session injections of amphetamine (1 mg/kg) were given. Even a single flavour-amphetamine pairing produced some disruption of responding for that flavour, whereas 3 pairings almost completely suppressed responding (both bar-pressing and drinking). In the same rats, flavours paired with saline injections did not suppress responding. Amphetamine (1mg/kg) injected before sessions of responding for plain water disrupted the temporal pattern of fixed interval responding without affecting the total numbers of bar-presses or the amounts of liquid consumed. Omitting primary reinforcement (water) throughout a single session also failed to suppress responding. The conditioned effects of the flavour were therefore different from the effects of either the unconditioned stimulus (amphetamine) or of an extinction procedure. PMID- 714990 TI - Studies on the action of zinc on the gastric effects of starvation or reserpine in rats with increased stomach mast cell populations. PMID- 714991 TI - Protective effect of pyridinol carbamate in dermal and aortic connective tissue lesions induced by chronic lathyrism. PMID- 714992 TI - Types of aortic aging and degree of atherosclerosis. PMID- 714993 TI - Effects of eledoisin, physalaemin and some related peptides on water intake and arterial blood pressure in conscious rats. PMID- 714994 TI - Effects of drugs on the extracellular spaces of smooth muscle in vitro. PMID- 714995 TI - Spinal anesthesia with batrachotoxin in sheep and microscopic examination of spinal cords and roots. PMID- 714996 TI - Preliminary observations on the ultrastructural modifications of the freeze cleaved circulating platelets surface in hypercholesterolemic rabbits treated with AD6. PMID- 714997 TI - Effect of histamine and related compounds on the papillary muscle of the guinea pig. PMID- 714998 TI - The effect of clonidine, triamterene, and amiloride on pharmacokinetics and cardiotoxicity of ouabain in rabbits. PMID- 714999 TI - Graphite-mixed CaSO4:Dy for beta dosimetry. PMID- 715000 TI - Treatment-beam location. PMID- 715001 TI - A Mossbauer determination of the iron core particle size distribution in ferritin. AB - The important biological iron bearing molecule ferritin has been studied using the 57Fe Mossbauer resonance. Natural and reconstituted ferritin samples have been studied in the temperature range 4--300 K. At low temperatures six-line magnetic hyperfine spectra are observed but with noticeably asymmetric line shapes, at high temperatures doublets are observed and in an intermediate temperature range (30--40 K) complex spectra characteristic of superparamagnetic behaviour are observed. From a theoretical study of the dependence of the hyperfine splitting parameters on particle size and from the experimental probability distributions obtained for these parameters from the Mossbauer spectra, it has been possible to derive the ferritin micelle particle size distributions for four different samples. It is found that the natural and reconstituted samples have roughly similar distributions except for the sample reconstituted from apoferritin in the presence of a phosphate environment. This sample is shown to have a slightly narrower particle size distribution centred on a smaller mean diameter. The information derived from these Mossbauer measurements are finally shown to be consistent with conclusions reached from separate biochemical experiments. PMID- 715002 TI - Electron dose reduction coefficients for seven radionuclides and cylindrical geometry. AB - In determining internal radiation absorbed dose it is frequently not possible to assume a uniform distribution of radionuclide in an infinite, homogeneous, absorbing material. When the source-target geometry is such that the target is source-free, special considerations must be given to the dose contributions from electrons, since the conventional assumption of 100% absorption of non penetrating radiations leads to overestimation of the absorbed dose. The absorbed dose from electrons determined at a point within the source-free region depends upon the depth within it. Electron dose reduction coefficients determined at appropriate distances from the source surface are multiplied by the electron doses determined from the general absorbed dose equation. This method of correcting for source-free regions has been applied to cylindrical and planar geometry, for spinal cord and nerve root dosimetry in cisternography. Utilising published scaled point kernels for mono-energetic electrons, electron dose reduction coefficients have been determined as a function of depth from the source surface for cylindrical source-free regions of radii 0.5, 0.05 cm and infinity, and seven gamma-ray-emitting radionuclides: 51Cr, 67Ga, 99Tcm, 111In, 113Inm, 169Yb and 203Pb. These values may be used in other internal radiation absorbed dose situations, and similar techniques applied to other source-target geometries. PMID- 715003 TI - Performance of a gas target neutron source for radiotherapy. AB - The performance of a compact and efficient neutron generator, using the 3H(d, n) reaction and a gas target, is reported. The target is formed in a windowless, differentially pumped vessel pressurised to 7.5 Torr. An extended source of 15 MeV neutrons is produced when the target is bombarded by a 10 mA beam of 210 keV deuterons. Measurements are reported of the neutron energy spectra, neutron and gamma-ray dose rates, target lifetime and tritium handling. The neutron flux distribution of the extended target was measured and compared with the predictions of a simple beam-gas interaction model. The measured neutron source strength is 1.7 +/- 0.4 X 10(12) neutrons per second. The source output is limited by target beam current, not target power considerations. PMID- 715004 TI - Fast neutron sensitivities of Geiger-Mueller counter gamma dosemeters. AB - The sensitivities to 4.2 and 5.5 MeV neutrons of different types of energy compensated Geiger-Mueller counters used in mixed field dosimetry were measured using a field produced by the 2H(d, n)3He reaction with an isotropic gamma-dose component. Further results are presented on sensitivities to 14.7 MeV neutrons. PMID- 715005 TI - A detailed re-evaluation of Clambda and Ce with application to ferrous sulphate G values. AB - The theoretical basis of Clambda and Ce is re-examined and consistent expressions derived involving the quantity Fwa which is a combination of a stopping-power ratio and an energy-absorption coefficient ratio, thereby taking into account the extent to which the ionisation chamber acts as an 'electron detector' and as a 'photon detector' for a particular radiation quality. An extension of the Spencer Attix cavity ionisation theory to include energy dissipation due to photon interactions with the cavity wall and gas given in a recent paper by Nahum has been used to calculate values for Fwa appropriate to the Baldwin-Farmer ionisation chamber assuming an air-equivalent inner wall, and new values of Clambda and Ce are presented for this and similarly constructed instruments. Clambda also depends on whether the radiation is produced by a linac or a betatron of a given maximum photon energy. The new set of Clambda and Ce has been used to recalculate the experimental ferrous sulphate G-values of Law and Naylor with the result that the difference between G for high energy photons and electrons disappears. PMID- 715006 TI - High LET constraints on low LET survival. AB - Survival curves for biological cells irradiated with gamma rays (and other low LET radiations) cannot be properly interpreted without examining the implications of these interpretations for high LET radiations. The theory of RBE demands that the RBE of any high LET radiation field is at most one when the probability for cell killing as a function of the absorbed dose of gamma rays is linear or sublinear, for homogeneous samples whose radiosensitivity parameters are not altered during the irradiation. A contrary experimental finding strongly suggests that the experimental sample is heterogeneous. Violation of this constraint is not unusual where the survival curve found with low LET radiations has a well defined initial negative slope. PMID- 715007 TI - Transport phenomena in laminar flow of blood. AB - Recently it has been shown experimentally that transport of heat and gas (specifically oxygen and helium) are augmented in the laminar flow of aqueous suspensions of polystyrene spheres 50 and 150 micrometer in diameter. In this report, data on heat and gas transport are correlated. Application of this correlation to flowing blood leads to the following conclucions. There is no significant augmentation of oxygen and heat transport in flowing blood even at shear rates much higher than physiological shear rates; an observation which is in accord with the experimental results. The augmentation of the diffusion coefficient of plasma proteins in flowing blood, though not very high, appears to be measurable. Of the total measured augmentation of about 6000--30 000% in platelet diffusivity in flowing blood, quoted from the literature, about 500% is attributable from this correlation to fluid mechanical forces, and the balance is hypothetically attributed to other forces (electrical or biochemical) present in blood. PMID- 715008 TI - Thermal design of a heat exchanger for heating or cooling blood. AB - Experimental data, and their correlation with predictions from theory, are presented for the thermal design of a countercurrent heat exchanger for heating or cooling blood. The thermal design considers the influence on the Nusselt number of blood and the heat exchanger effectiveness of variables such as the blood flow rate, tube diameter and length, and the thermal properties of blood. The data presented are compared with data from the literature and with predictions from theory. Insofar as the design of a blood heat exchanger is concerned, flowing blood can be considered a single-phase fluid. Results of the thermal design analysis are applicable to attempts to produce and control blood hyperthermia for applications such as the perfusion of tumours of the extremities, and to efforts to induce hypothermia during open-heart surgery. PMID- 715009 TI - A line scan image study of a tumorous rat leg by NMR. PMID- 715010 TI - Implementation of the IRCP recommendation on skin dose measurement using thermoluminescent dosemeters. PMID- 715011 TI - Automatic analysis of cineangiocardiograms using a television system on line with a minicomputer. PMID- 715012 TI - Operating a nuclear medicine computer system with a remote mobile gamma camera. PMID- 715013 TI - A versatile radium storage safe. PMID- 715014 TI - Modernising an accelerator dosemeter system. PMID- 715015 TI - The Lixiscope: a pocket-size x-ray imaging system. PMID- 715016 TI - Transit time and ratio of moments. PMID- 715017 TI - Our past and present challenges. PMID- 715018 TI - The anterior chest approach for obtaining free osteocutaneous rib grafts. AB - Fresh cadaver dissections indicated that the anterior chest approach for obtaining a free osteocutaneous rib graft, based on the anterior intercostal vessels, would be feasible. Following this, a mandibular defect in radiated tissue was successfully repaired in one stage by a free osteocutaneous graft with microvascular anastomoses. A 22-cm segment of rib, with overlying muscle and skin measuring 10 X 30 cm, was transferred. Follow-up, with selective arteriography at 6 months, confirmed the belief that the periosteal blood supply alone could support the rib segment. The anterior chest approach, to obtain a free osteocutaneous rib graft, is easier, faster, and safer than the posterior approach. PMID- 715020 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy in small, large, or ptotic breasts with immediate submuscular placement of implants. AB - We present a series of 70 patients who have had bilateral subcutaneous mastectomies with immediate placement of implants under the intact pectoralis major and upper part of the serratus anterior. Twenty-two of these patients have had a simultaneous mastopexy, with a free nipple graft. All 70 patients have both of their implants now (up to 3 years) and have a satisfactory appearance. PMID- 715019 TI - Submental rhytidectomy. AB - A technique of submental rhytidectomy is described in which support for the advanced flap of upper neck skin is obtained from the firm tissues near the periosteum along the inner curvature of the anterior part of the mandible. PMID- 715021 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy: a plea for conservatism. AB - The course after subcutaneous mastectomy is not without problems and the esthetic results, even in the absence of complications, are frequently disappointing. The role of subcutaneous mastectomy in the management of breast pathology remains uncertain at this time. PMID- 715022 TI - A new technique for end-to-end anastomosis of small vessels of different diameters. AB - We have developed a new technique to simplify end-to-end anastomosis of small arteries of very different sizes. Our technique can be used without regard to the thickness or the hardness of the wall of the larger vessel. PMID- 715023 TI - Square scalp grafts, combined with strip grafts, for the treatment of male pattern baldness. AB - In the treatment of male pattern baldness, the use of square scalp grafts permits one to obtain the same number of larger grafts from a much smaller donor area- with immediate primary closure leaving only one linear scar. Suitable instruments for marking and cutting the square scalp grafts have been a problem, but a new square marker and a square knife (with disposable blades, in either the 5 mm or 3.5 mm size) have been designed and are available. PMID- 715024 TI - Cystourethrography as an aid in the evaluation of hypospadias and its complications. AB - We report the use of micturating cystourethrography to demonstrate complications of the urethra in hypospadias. We recommend MCU to evaluate hypospadias, both before and after the surgical repair. PMID- 715025 TI - Facial nerve injury secondary to lateral displacement of the mandibular ramus. AB - We describe two cases of facial nerve injury after lateral external dislocation of the mandibular ramus, an event not found in the reviewed literature. We discuss the possible pathogenesis and outline the therapy. PMID- 715027 TI - Breast reconstruction following radical mastectomy. PMID- 715026 TI - Effects of local instillation of triamcinolone on the capsules around silicone bag-gel prostheses in animals. AB - "Soft" silicone bag-gel miniprostheses were implanted in 103 rats. The experimental animals had periprosthetic instillations of zero, 0.2, or 2 mg of triamcinolone acetonide at implantation. The compressibility, the architecture, and the chemical composition of the surrounding tissues were observed at 10 and at 120 days. The compressibility was also measured by mechanical means at 10 day intervals. At 120 days all capsules were similar. All the capsules gradually became firmer with time after the implantation. After 60 days, the steroid treated capsules were very slightly more compressible (softer) than the controls. This slight difference in compressibility could not be correlated with the other changes in the capsule properties we examined. It is suggested that the structure of these capsules may be similar to that of immature scar, and that it is kept in this condition by the continued stimulus of the foreign implant. PMID- 715028 TI - "Nutcracker" technique for compression rupture of capsules around breast implants. PMID- 715029 TI - "Nutcracker" technique for compression rupture of capsules around breast implants. PMID- 715030 TI - Reconstruction of mandibular defects with revascularized free rib grafts. PMID- 715031 TI - Correction of enophthalmos by disentrapment of an orbital blow-out fracture: case report. AB - We present a case of enophthalmos from a posterior orbital blow-out fracture. The entrapped tissues were released surgically, resulting in disappearance of the enophthalmos and restoration of ocular motility. PMID- 715032 TI - Carcinoma of a minor salivary gland in an 18-month-old child: case report. AB - A child with a cleft palate and mental retardation was found to have a malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma of a minor salivary gland at the age of 18 months. The management of this case is presented. PMID- 715034 TI - Anatomical variations of the palmaris longus, causing carpal tunnel syndrome: case reports. PMID- 715033 TI - Late deterioration of silicone rubber foam breast implants: case report. AB - A case is presented showing disintegration of a solid pair of preformed silicone rubber foam breast prostheses, implanted 16 years ago. The only presenting symptoms were discomfort with extreme hardness and distortion of the breasts. PMID- 715035 TI - Origami anatomy of the alar cartilage. PMID- 715036 TI - The spiral, or string, dissection for "de-epithelialization" in reduction mammaplasty. PMID- 715037 TI - The surgical management of stiff joints in the hand. AB - Significant and lasting improvement in stiff MP and PIP joints can be achieved by operative management. Operative intervention should be considered only after persistence of stiffness after a vigorous program of nonoperative therapy. In our series of 135 such stiff finger joints, capsulotomy increased the range of motion in MP joints by more than 30 degrees in 68 percent of the patients, more than 50 degrees in 57 percent, and more than 70 degrees in 32 percent. The increased range of motion for the PIP joints was more than 30 degrees in 63 percent of the patients, more than 50 degrees in 41 percent, and more than 70 degrees in 25 percent. PMID- 715038 TI - A new method to create a philtrum in secondary cleft lip repairs. AB - We report an additional surgical method to form a philtrum in cleft lip cases. The key point of this new method is to release the skin tension of the upper lip, thus protecting against the disappearance of the newly-made philtrum. We have obtained better results with this method, in comparison with the other methods previously reported. PMID- 715040 TI - Use of a silicone bag-gel prosthesis to fill in a supratarsal depression of the upper eyelid. AB - A technique is presented for correction of supratarsal depression in the upper lids of orientals, using silicone bag-gel prostheses. PMID- 715039 TI - Loss of silicone implants after subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction. AB - We studied 89 patients who had immediate or delayed placement of implants after subcutaneous mastectomies. The complications of infection, necrosis of the skin or areola, and extrusion of the prosthesis occurred in 28 percent of these patients, and the incidence was the same after immediate or delayed placement. Only one of the 45 patients who received prophylactic antibodies preoperatively developed an infection after insertion of the prosthesis. The late complications in some of these patients indicate the need for long-term follow-up. PMID- 715041 TI - Anatomical findings in median cleft of upper lip. AB - We present 3 cases of median cleft lip which occurred in 3 patients of differing racial origins. The anatomical findings are presented in the two clefts we repaired. PMID- 715042 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy: a plea for conservatism. Commentary. PMID- 715043 TI - Improvement of facial symmetry after operative relief of bony ankylosis of the jaw at the age of 10 years. Case report. AB - We report a case of childhood bony ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint, with satisfactory opening and closing after operation at the age of 10 years, and subsequent improvement in facial symmetry. PMID- 715044 TI - Anesthesia technique for serving the pedicle of a tongue flap in the presence of a pharyngeal flap. AB - A technique is described for anesthesia while severing the pedicle of a tongue flap to the palate, in the presence of a pharyngeal flap. PMID- 715045 TI - The reasons for starting a new journal on prostaglandins. PMID- 715046 TI - Pregnancy and progeny in rats treated with prostaglandin in F2alpha. AB - The effects of prostaglandin F2alpha on pregnancy and embryonic development were investigated in pregnant rats. The animals were treated with the prostaglandin at a dose of 50 microgram s.c., on gestational days 9 to 11 or 12 to 15. Compared to the controls, only intrauterine growth was significantly altered. The number of viable offspring recovered near term was not affected by the treatment, and the incidence of fetal resorptions and malformations was not significantly increased when compared with the controls. However, the placenta revealed extensive areas of degeneration that are found in placental insufficiency. Also, the fetal adrenal cortex showed morphological changes indicative of intrauterine distress. PMID- 715047 TI - Oral contraceptive use alters the balance of platelet prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. AB - The ability of platelet microsomes to generate platelet aggregating activity on addition of arachidonic acid was evaluated in women taking oral contraceptives and in controls taking no medication but matched for age, sex, and family history. Oral contraceptive users generated significantly more platelet aggregating activity per 100 ug of platelet microsomal protein than controls. Variation in generation of platelet aggregating activity during the menstrual cycle was also observed with highest activity during the third week. These studies show an altered balance of platelet prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in oral contraceptive users which may contribute to their increased incidence of thromboembolic phenomena. PMID- 715048 TI - The role of iron in prostaglandin synthesis: ferrous iron mediated oxidation of arachidonic acid. AB - Arachidonic acid (AA) is the essential substrate for production of platelet endoperoxides and thromboxanes. Iron or heme is an essential cofactor for the peroxidase, lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase enzymes involved in formation of these products. The present study has examined the direct interactions between iron and arachidonic acid. Iron caused the oxidation of AA into more polar products which could be detected by UV absorbtion at 232 nM or the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. High pressure liquid chromatography, chem-ionization and electron-impact mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggest that the major product was a hydroperoxide of AA. Ferrous iron (Fe++) and oxygen were absolute requirements. Fe++ was converted to the ferric iron (Fe+++) state during oxidation of AA, but Fe+++ could not substitute for Fe++. No other enzymes, cofactors or ions were involved. Conversion of AA to a hydroperoxide by Fe++ was inhibited by the antioxidant, 2, (3)-Tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, the radical scavenger, nitroblue tetrazolium, and iron chelating agents, including EDTA, imidazole and dihydroxybenzoic acid. The reaction was not affected by superoxide dismutase, catalase or aspirin. These findings and preliminary studies of the Fe++ induced oxidation product of AA as a substrate for prostaglandin synthesis and inhibitor of prostacyclin production indicate the critical role of Fe++ in AA activation. PMID- 715050 TI - Ultra-violet radiation and 8-methoxypsoralen have actions similar to those of known inhibitors of thromboxane A2 synthesis in rat mesenteric blood vessels. AB - In the rat mesenteric vascular bed three structurally different agents (imidazole, benzydamine and N-0164) which have been reported to be inhibitors of thromboxane (TX) A2 synthesis at certain concentrations, all have a characteristic spectrum of action. They inhibit pressor responses to noradrenaline and angiotensin with equal potency and the inhibition can be reversed by exogenous PGE2: they do not inhibit responses to potassium. Ultra violet (UV) radiation has a similar spectrum of action. The main difference between the action of imidazole and that of UV radiation is that the former is rapidly reversible while the latter is not. However, irradiation administered to preparations inhibited by imidazole has no irreversible effect provided that the radiation is switched off before the imidazole is removed. The imidazole protects against radiation damage suggesting that the drug may stabilize the site affected by UV light. 8-methoxypsoralen, a light sensitizing agent used in treatment of psoriasis also inhibited noradrenaline and angiotensin but not potassium responses and seemed to make the preparation more sensitive to radiation damage. It is possible that UV radiation and 8-methoxypsoralen may inhibit TXA2 synthesis but this requires confirmation by direct methods. PMID- 715049 TI - Intramuscular administration of 16 phenoxy omega 17,18,19,20 tetranor PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide for pre-operative cervical dilatation in first trimester nulliparae. AB - A single intramuscular dose of 500 microgram 16 phenoxy omega 17,18,19,20 tetranor PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide was used for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration in 80 first trimester nulliparae. Three hours after prostaglandin administration the cervix had dilated to 8 mm or more in 60 patients (75%). The uterus was evacuated in these patients without mechanical dilatation of the cervix. In the remaining 20 patients the cervix had dilated 4 to 7 mm. Further mechanical dilatation to 8 mm was carried out easily in most of these patients. Side effects included pain requiring analgesic (3 patients), vomiting (4 patients) and transient pyrexia (greater than 1 degrees C, 2 patients). There were no complications or damage to the uterus or the cervix during evacuation of the uterus. PMID- 715051 TI - Effects of prostaglandin-F2alpha on some reproductive parameters of fertile male rats. AB - Silastic-PVP-PGF2alpha tubes significantly reduced the sperm population in the epididymis and vas-deferens of male rats 14 days after their insertion into the scrotal sacs. A reduction in testis and epididymal weights was also evident. The reduction of sperm population was accompanied by a normal sexual drive and circulating testosterone level and partial sterility. The reduction in sperm population and induction of partial sterility was detected at least 7 days after the total release of prostaglandin F2alpha from the Silastic-PVP tubes. The results suggest that the changes in the reproductive parameters might be a consequence of endocrinological and functional disturbances induced by PGF2alpha and that PGs can be used to induce temporary sterility in the male. PMID- 715052 TI - The effects of trans linoleic acid on the concentration of serum prostaglandin F2alpha and platelet aggregation. PMID- 715053 TI - Prostaglandins in blood of diabetic versus non-diabetic humans. AB - We have found a higher concentration of prostaglandins in blood from the diabetic patient under long-term indomethacin therapy as compared with blood from non diabetics. These findings are generally (qualitatively) similar to previous reports with studies of blood serum from diabetic patients, not on indomethacin treatment, compared with non-diabetics. Certain rationale are presented in an effort to explain the reason why blood prostaglandins in the diabetic are not lowered when the patients are treated with a drug which is clearly established as a blocker of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 715054 TI - Prostaglandin E1-induced potentiation of the anticonvulsant action of phenobarbitone in the rat. Role of brain monoamines. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) significantly potentiated the anticonvulsant action of a sub-effective (EDO) dose of phenobarbitone, against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in the rat. PGE1-induced potentiation of phenobarbitone was significantly inhibited after pretreatment with drugs which are known to reduce brain serotonin activity, but was unaffected by drugs known to decrease brain catecholamine activity. Prostaglandin F2 alpha produced a moderate though statistically insignificant inhibition of PGE1 effect. The results suggest that PGE1-induced potentiation of phenobarbitone is not a direct effect but an indirect one, mediated through an increase in brain serotonin activity. PMID- 715055 TI - Prostaglandin E1 inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion in man. PMID- 715056 TI - Developmental responses to oxygen, arachidonic acid, and indomethacin in the fetal lamb ductus arteriosus in vitro. PMID- 715057 TI - A defect in thromboxane A2 synthesis may be a factor predisposing to cancer. AB - A failure of thromboxane (TX) A2 synthesis may be a factor in cancer. Such a loss could explain the susceptibility to mutation, the excess prostaglandin production, the glycolytic mode of metabolism and the deranged calcium pumping characteristic of cancers. Ionising radiation and phorbols both have actions similar to inhibitors of TXA2 synthesis whereas colchicine and oxygen have actions consistent with stimulation of TXA2 synthesis. The concept accounts logically for hitherto unexplained features of cancer and suggests new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer. PMID- 715058 TI - Prostaglandins as regulators in cellular immunity. AB - Guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages have been shown to generate substantial concentrations of E-type prostaglandins during culture in vitro. Partially purified lymphokine preparations stimulate PGE production by macrophages. Exogenous PGE1 and PGE2 are potent inhibitors of lymphocyte activation and secretion of lymphokines causing lymphocyte mitogenesis and macrophage migration inhibition. Also indomethacin augments the secretion of these lymphokines in vitro. It is therefore suggested that production of PGE by macrophages provides a physiological mechanism for the regulation of lymphocyte activation in reactions of delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 715059 TI - Prostaglandin F2alpha induced termination of pregnancy and its reversal by prolactin or progesterone in rats. AB - Intrauterine insertion of a Silastic-PVP tube containing 400 microgram PGF2alpha terminated midterm pregnancy in 100 per cent of the animals. Progesterone (2 mg/day) or prolactin (PRL) reversed the abortifacient effect of PGF2alpha. A dose and duration-related effect of the PRL on PGF2alpha induced termination of pregnancy was evident. The results suggest that PGF2alpha and PRL are antagonistic to each other and multiple doses of PRL are needed to neutralize the luteolytic action of PGF2alpha. PMID- 715060 TI - Selective elevation of circulating prostaglandin concentrations in hyaline membrane disease in pre-term infants. AB - The plasma concentrations of prostaglandins E and F (PGE, PGF) and 13, 14-dihydro 15-keto-PGF (PGFM) have been measured in pre-term neonates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and controls. The concentrations of PGF and PGFM were significantly higher in infants having HMD with a disproportionate increase in PGFM levels for the increase in PGF found. The vasoconstrictor nature of PGF may contribute to the morbidity associated with HMD and the possible therapeutic benefit from the use of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors is discussed. PMID- 715061 TI - Circulatory responses of perinatal goats to prostaglandin precursors. AB - The effects of precursors in the prostaglandin synthetic pathway as well as those of analogs of cyclic endoperoxide intermediates upon the pulmonary and systemic circulations of fetal and newborn goats were examined. Exogenous arachidonic acid increased pulmonary vascular resistance and decreased systemic arterial pressure of fetuses and newborns. The effects of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid on the circulation are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively less, than those of arachidonic acid. The cyclic endoperoxide analogs were strong pressors in both pulmonary and systemic circulations. The responses to the fatty acid precursors, which are totally blocked by indomethacin and meclofenamate, appear to indicate that they give rise to more than one vasoactive product. Furthermore, exogenous arachidonic acid produces effects which appear to be different from those produced by endogenous pulmonary arachidonic acid. PMID- 715062 TI - Prostaglandin mediated relaxation of coronary artery strips under hypoxia. AB - Strips of beef coronary branch arteries, maintained in vitro, respond to decreased PO2 in the bathing medium with relaxations which are much attenuated by pretreatment with indomethacin or aspirin. It was determined that these hypoxia induced relaxations are sustained until strips are returned to an environment of high PO2 and that the mechanism involved does not fatigue readily with repetitive exposure to hypoxic stress (53 mm Hg). It was also established that the reduced relaxations observed in the presence of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis were not enlarged with time by the development of an alternate process of relaxation independent of prostaglandins. Other experiments showed that when prostaglandin intervention is blocked with inhibitors the strips maintain a given level of tone to potassium chloride under a PO2 of 53 mm Hg, and do so without significant impairment over an observation period of one hour. Similarly, complete concentration-response curves to potassium did not differ under high (515 mm Hg) or low (53 mm Hg) PO2. This confirms that hypoxia-induced relaxation in beef coronary artery strips is a specific process, apparently mediated by a prostaglandin, rather than any consequence of the failure of the energetics of contraction. PMID- 715063 TI - Dietary fat type and ambient oxygen tension influence pulmonary prostaglandin synthetic potential. AB - Chronic hyperoxia produces pathological changes in lung which can be fatal. With an interest in delineating dietary factors which might affect the pulmonary response to hyperoxia, we fed rats a semi-synthetic diet containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as either 5% or 78% of the fat complement. The rats were exposed to pure oxygen at one atmosphere. Half the animals in each diet group were injected with aspirin during the hyperoxic exposure. Radioimmunoassay of lung prostaglandins (PG) F2alpha, E2 and E1 were performed at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The major findings were: (1) Feeding the high PUFA diet elevated lung PG synthetic potential tenfold over that of low PUFA-fed animals. There was no effect of diet on mortality. (2) Hyperoxia significantly increased F2alpha synthetic potential during the first 24 hours of hyperoxia and moderately increased the synthetic potential of E2 and E1. (3) Aspirin significantly depressed synthetic potential of all three PG prior to oxygen exposure but its effect was overcome during hyperoxia. Aspirin-injected rats showed 80% mortality in oxygen vs. 50% for saline controls. PMID- 715064 TI - Elevated concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha in fetal and maternal plasma and in amniotic fluid during ovine parturition. PMID- 715065 TI - The effects of some methyl prostaglandin derivatives on the ductus arteriosus of swine in vivo. AB - Three methylated analogues of prostaglandin E1 and E2 were examined for their ability to open the ductus arterious of neonatal piglets in vivo. Fifteen (S) 15 methyl prostaglandin E1 (15-Me PGE1), 15 (S) 1K methyl prostaglandin E2 (15-Me PGE2), and 16' 16' dimethyl prostaglandin E1 (16-diMe PGE1) all opened the ductus when given intravenously, intramuscularly or orally. The effects on ductal patency lasted four hours or more in many instances. Side-effects included apnea with intravenous and intramuscular dosages, and with high oral dosages of 15-Me PGE1. A transient drop in heart rate and blood pressure occurred with each dose. In one animal the ductus was kept open for 19 days with six-hourly intramuscular injections of 3 microgram/kg 15-Me PGE1. Transient sedation occurred with each dose. Death occurred on the 19th day and histological studies showed that the morphology of the ductus wall was similar to that seen in a two day old animal. These studies suggest that maintenance od ductal patency in the infant may be possible with oral administration of methyl prostaglandin derivatives. PMID- 715066 TI - Suppression by essential fatty acids of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is abolished by indomethacin. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats was suppressed by treatment with essential fatty acids (EFA) given perorally. This treatment effect could be abolished by administration of a drug (Indomethacin) known to inhibit biosynthesis of certain prostaglandins from EFA. This observation suggests that the suppressive effect of EFA on cell-mediated immune reactions is brought about by EFA-derived prostaglandins. PMID- 715067 TI - Possible interconversion of PGE2 and PGE2alpha by pig follicles superfused in vitro. PMID- 715068 TI - Ferrous iron mediated oxidation of arachidonic acid: studies employing nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). AB - The oxidation of arachidonic acid by ferrous sulfate provides a useful model to study the role of iron in lipid oxidation reactions. We have employed nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the present investigation to evaluate the mechanism of this reaction. In the presence of arachidonic acid, Fe +++, and O2, the yellow dye NBT was rapidly reduced to the blue form, NBTH2. The molar ratio of arachidonic acid to Fe++ in this rapid reaction was 1:1, showing an interaction of one fatty acid molecule per iron molecule. Approximately one molecule of NBT was reduced per four molecules of arachidonic acid and Fe++. Reduction of NBT was accompanied by oxidation of Fe++ to Fe+++, suggesting the transfer of four electrons from the Fe++ to NBT to reduce the dye. Arachidonic acid was found to be unchanged when extracted at the end of the reaction, indicating formation of a complex that could dissociate leaving intact arachidonic acid. Evidence for the presence of such a complex which slowly dissociates during the reaction was obtained after longer incubations with small amounts of arachidonic acid. NBT reduction was not inhibited by agents which hydrolyze superoxide, by catalase or by agents which trap hydroxy radicals. We, therefore, propose a model in which NBT traps a radical generated on the arachidonic acid molecule. The proposed model suggests mechanisms for other fatty acid oxidation reactions such as prostaglandin and hydroperoxy fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 715069 TI - Role of prostaglandins in human fertility. AB - One function of prostaglandins in semen may be suppression of an anti-sperm immune response. PMID- 715070 TI - Therapeutic abortion in late first trimester. Prostaglandin pretreatment compared with primary surgery. AB - One hundred randomly selected nulliparous women, 10-11 weeks pregnant, were submitted to either primary surgery (50 cases) or pretreatment overnight with vaginal suppositories of 15(S)15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester (50 cases) followed by vacuum aspiration. No peroperative complications were recorded in either of the two groups. Thirtyfive of the 50 pretreated women aborted during the pretreatment period and a variable cervical dilatation was observed in the remaining 15 women of this group. The incidence of early postoperative pelvic infection tended to be less in the pretreated group as compared with the other group. PMID- 715071 TI - [Schizophrenia and the psychiatrist]. PMID- 715072 TI - [Social rehabilitation of patients hospitalized for an extended period with schizophrenia]. PMID- 715073 TI - [Schizophrenia and interpersonal relationship within a family]. PMID- 715074 TI - [My concepts of schizophrenia as a staff member of Matsuzawa Psychiatric Hospital and as a private practitioner]. PMID- 715075 TI - [Therapeutic psychiatry and schizophrenia]. PMID- 715076 TI - [Therapeutic viewpoint in schizophrenia]. PMID- 715077 TI - [Marxist-Leninist philosophical personality theory and the development of the theory and practice of psychiatry]. AB - This is a concise presentation of the essential positions of the Marxist-Leninist philosophical theory of personality. Its consequences to modern psychiatry are discussed. Particular emphasis has been placed on establishing practical relations with mental patients and creating optimum conditions for promoting the distinctive qualities or characteristics of persons within the framework of therapy. Also discussed by the author in his present paper are questions associated with pathogenesis. Integration of clinical and sociopsychological research into the development of psychoses is considered necessary. PMID- 715078 TI - [Psychology of relations as a theoretical concept of medical psychology and psychotherapy]. AB - This paper presents the theoretical concept of the "psychology of relations" (A.F. Lasurski, V.N. Myasistchev) which forms the basis for studying the personality of a patient and for finding a suitable treatment of nervous and mental disorders by psychological methods. The author shows that there is theoretical agreement between the psychology of relations and the philosophy of dialetical materialism and Pavlov's theory of conditioned reflexes. Also discussed in this paper is the concept's relation to clinical psycho-neurology, its orientation toward considering personality as a system, as well as the recognition of the primacy of the conscious over the unconscious. Prospects for an evolutional and ontogenetic approach to an analysis of the system of relations and the need for elaborating systematized work programs determined by the investigative goal to be achieved are also considered by the author in his present paper. PMID- 715079 TI - [Sociogenetic considerations concerning the diagnosis of neurotic and cerebro visceral disorders]. PMID- 715081 TI - [Some aspects of a communications theory assessment of music therapy process variables]. PMID- 715080 TI - [Trends and problems in psychophysiologic research]. AB - Considering the increasing importance of psychophysiological investigations, the peculiar quality of psychological control functions in human organism is stressed. For this reason, specific definition of the initial conditions for psychophysiological experiments is necessary. If we use complex experimental schedules including electrophysiological parameters more and more differentiated results can be obtained. The different ways of information storage within the two hemispheres are considered as very conclusive. By means of a model of motor system the significance of internal feedback circuits is demonstrated. A statement concerning the mutual connections between biological and psychological events is given. PMID- 715082 TI - [Problem of abnormal alcoholic intoxication in forensic psychiatric judgment]. AB - The problem of pathological intoxication is discussed. Also considered by the authors in their present paper is the fact that various designations are used in the literature to describe abnormal intoxications of which the intensity is less than that of real pathological intoxication. However, phenomenological or symptomatological classifications provide no information whatsoever about the ability to take decisions and about mental responsibility. An attempt is made to establish criteria for the concept of "pathologically colored intoxication" which is primarily oriented, not in a phenomenological context, but toward a substantially diminished ability to take meaningful decisions. PMID- 715083 TI - [Report of experience with a socio- and psychotherapeutically oriented open long term group of parents of severerly brain injured children treated in an outpatient clinic]. AB - In 1972, we started a discussion group for parents of children with severe brain damage. The emerging group dynamic was dialectically determined, on the one hand, by the heterogeneity of the parents' different personalities and reactions to their experience and, on the other, by the homogeneity of the problem to be borne and solved in common: the handicapped child in family and society. PMID- 715084 TI - [Role of maternal behavior on the visual reactions of at-term and premature newborn infants]. PMID- 715085 TI - [Nonverbal communication and the deaf child]. PMID- 715086 TI - [Study of sex parameters in cases followed in child and adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 715087 TI - [Overrepresentation of boys as compared with girls in child psychiatry consultations]. PMID- 715088 TI - [Infantile autism and psychotic symbiosis: an intersection of ideas of Anglo Saxon psychoanalytic thought]. PMID- 715089 TI - [Juvenile clinical psychopathology and hepatology (research directions)]. PMID- 715090 TI - [A case of Crohn's disease in a child]. PMID- 715091 TI - [Self mutilation behavior. Research on a group of mentally retarded patients in a psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 715093 TI - Defining the therapeutic processes in psychiatric milieus. AB - Clinicians are increasingly required to justify the costs of milieu therapy. The current variety of milieu types and their competing claims of efficacy can make this a vexsome problem. This paper attempts to conceptualize five major therapeutic processes which commonly exist in a broad range of milieus, independent of size, length of stay, staffing and philosophy. It is hoped these will help provide a reasonable and clear means of developing and explaining therapeutic milieu programs. PMID- 715092 TI - [Demonstration of portocaval encephalopathy in children]. PMID- 715094 TI - Explorations in the uses of language in psychotherapy: simple empathic statements. AB - I submit these ideas with hesitation. They seem to rest on a particular assumption widely at variance with contemporary practice and itself difficult to state. The prevailing assumption has been that the content of a person's mental life, symptoms, or experience lay in that person's mind, and that by asking questions, listening, in various ways making ourselves receptive, we could penetrate that mental life. In this traditional manner of thinking, the language of penetration has been secondary to the material being reached. In contrast, I suspect that the language of investigation and therapy is as important as the matter being investigated or treated--that in fact the two bear a symbiotic relationship to each other. PMID- 715095 TI - The nonverbal basis of attraction: flirtation, courtship, and seduction. AB - According to a familiar phrase, the "language" of love is universal. Recent ethological studies of nonlinguistic communication in courtship using facial expression, gesture, posture, distance, paralanguage, and gaze have begun to establish that a universal, culture-free, nonverbal sign system may exist (Eibl Eibesfeldt, 1975), which is available to all persons for negotiating sexual relationships. The nonverbal mode, more powerful than the verbal for expressing such fundamental contingencies in social relationships as liking, disliking, superiority, timidity, fear and so on, appears to be rooted firmly in man's zoological heritage (Bateson, 1966, 1968). Paralleling a vertebrate-wide plan, human courtship expressivity often relies on nonverbal signs of submissiveness (meekness, harmlessness) and affiliation (willingness to form a social bond). Adoption of a submissive-affiliative social pose enables a person to convey an engaging, nonthreatening image that tends to attract potential mates. This report explores several conspicuous nonlinguistic cues that appear to be used widely in contexts of flirtation, courtship, and seduction. The expressive units are discussed from the standpoint of their occurence in five phases of courtship, and are illustrated by four cases. PMID- 715096 TI - A semiotic approach to suitability for psychotherapy. AB - At the beginning of my career as a psychotherapist I interviewed a number of patients in an effort to find one who seemed to be a good prospect for long-term psychotherapy. While interviewing with this purpose in mind, I was struck by the fact that a number of the people I spoke with gave me a sense of being extremely suitable for this sort of therapy, but that others seemed quite unsuitable. An informal survey among my peers as well as among more senior therapists revealed that they were not unfamiliar with the phenomenon. The present empirical study of the semiotic aspects of suitability for psychotherapy grew out of this early experience. PMID- 715097 TI - Independent nonprofessionals in the community: a case history analysis of a human relations program. AB - For eight years a group of nonprofessional human relations trainers conducted a community-based Adult-Youth T-Group Program in a suburban community under the auspices of the Board of Education. Their history provides the material for this case analysis, which will focus on two sets of issues. One set of issues surrounds the fact that these group leaders were "independent nonprofessionals": trained but noncredentialed persons performing functions usually reserved for professionals (or performed under professional supervision) and performing them outside of institutional and professional boundaries. A second set of issues, only partially related to the first, surrounds the organizational dilemmas and social-political conflict which beset this team and the program which they conducted. PMID- 715098 TI - A comparative study of opinion and knowledge about mental illness in different societies. AB - An extensive survey of two communities in Western Nigeria, one urban and the other rural, was conducted to find out some characteristics of opinion and knowledge about mental illness among the Yoruba. A questionnaire containing descriptions of four different types of mental illness (simple schizophrenia, paranoid schizophrenia, anxiety neurosis/depression, and alcoholism), was administered to 771 respondents, randomly selected. The description of paranoid schizophrenia was more readily recognized as mental illness than the others. Respondents tended to typify persons who fit the other three descriptions in such terms as "shy," "hot-tempered," "queer," "flirt," and "drunkard." Compared with Asian, Australian, and North American studies, lesser proportions of Nigerian respondents viewed the descriptions as symptomatic of psychiatric disorder. The finding that most respondents are still unaware of the range of symptoms and their significance is particularly striking because the catchment area for this study has had a long exposure to modern psychiatric delivery systems. It is suggested that the heightening of awareness of psychiatric symptoms through nationwide mental health education is essential for the full utilization of mental health services. PMID- 715099 TI - On projection: a study of Freud's usage. PMID- 715100 TI - Self-objects and oedipal objects: a crucial developmental distinction. PMID- 715101 TI - Some developmental aspects of the verbalization of affects. PMID- 715102 TI - Transitional phenomena in the analysis of early adolescent males. PMID- 715103 TI - Transference and developmental issues in the analysis of a prelatency child. PMID- 715104 TI - The child's understanding of his past: cognitive factors in reconstruction with children. PMID- 715105 TI - Adolescent suicide: maternal longing and cognitive development. PMID- 715106 TI - Narcissistic transference and countertransference in adolescent treatment. PMID- 715107 TI - The psychoanalytic process in childhood. PMID- 715109 TI - The psychoanalytic process in adult patients. PMID- 715108 TI - The nature of adolescent pathology and the psychoanalytic process. PMID- 715111 TI - Dream experience, analytic experience: a point of view on psychoanalytic technique. PMID- 715110 TI - Reconstruction in a case of postpartum depression. PMID- 715112 TI - The mother's eye: for better and for worse. PMID- 715113 TI - A double helix: some determinants of the self-perpetuation of Naziism. PMID- 715114 TI - The transitional phenomena: a theoretical integration. PMID- 715115 TI - Children and death: as seen through art and autobiographies. PMID- 715116 TI - On the other side of Oz: psychoanalytic aspects of fairy tales. PMID- 715117 TI - The school consultant as an object for externalization. PMID- 715118 TI - Trauma and affects. PMID- 715119 TI - On hybrid concepts in psychoanalysis. AB - Hybrid concepts that combine observable data with abstract metapsychological constructs have increasingly pervaded psychoanalytic discourse in recent years. For example, the "fear of loss of ego boundaries" combines "fear", which may be directly experienced and observed, with "ego boundaries," metapsychological abstraction. The authors regard the widespread use of these concepts, which are most commonly applied to borderline and psychotic conditions, as a trend which may undermine the usefulness of psychoanalytic approaches to these entities. PMID- 715120 TI - Trends in the psychoanalytic theory of treatment. AB - Freud considered understanding, attachment, and integration to be important factors in achieving treatment benefits. Subsequent discussions have not always embraced all three factors. It has been especially difficult to conceptualize the part played by the personal attachment of the patient to the analyst. A new, narrower focus on common, structure-building processes promises to show how all three factors are involved with each other in the treatment process. PMID- 715121 TI - Sibling loss as an organizer of unconscious guilt: a case study. AB - A case is described in which the death of a sibling in childhood organized a profound unconscious sense of guilt, a repetitive need for self-punishment, and a negative therapeutic reaction in analysis. The various meanings of the patient's negative therapeutic reaction are discussed, along with the question of why this event came to have such pathologic impact on his character. PMID- 715122 TI - The role of attention in depersonalization. AB - Episodes of depersonalization function to keep disturbing preconscious thoughts from becoming conscious. The symptom is conceptualized as a compromise between the wish to be "only dreaming" and the need to maintain a waking state in contact with perceptual reality. Restriction of attention is identified as the central mechanism by which the compromise is effected. On this basis an explanation for the alteration in the sense of reality is suggested. Material from a case is given to support these ideas. The author speculates that early efforts to deal with traumatic experience at a time when the distinction between sleeping and waking states is not secure may lead to the symptom choice of depersonalization. PMID- 715124 TI - Effects of electrodermal lability and payoff instructions on vigilance performance. PMID- 715123 TI - Nothing to worry about: a clinical note on examination anxiety. PMID- 715125 TI - Prediction of the informational and motivational properties of "right-wrong" knowledge of results with the skin resistance response. PMID- 715126 TI - Overhabituation and dishabituation responses as a function of stimulus intensity and amount of overhabituation training. PMID- 715127 TI - Stimulus intensity expectation and visual evoked brain potentials. PMID- 715128 TI - Operant conditioning of blood pressure: effect of mediators. PMID- 715129 TI - Imaginational Pavlovian conditioning of large-magnitude cardiac decelerations with tilt as US. PMID- 715130 TI - Effects of coping on blood pressure responses to threat of aversive stimulation. PMID- 715131 TI - Effects of stimulus variability on the amplitude and habituation of the electrodermal orienting response. PMID- 715132 TI - Bilateral skin conductance and skin potential in schizophrenic and normal subjects: the identification of the fast habituator group of schizophrenics. PMID- 715133 TI - A multi-response analysis of learned heart rate control. PMID- 715134 TI - Effects of multiple sessions of true and placebo heart rate biofeedback training on the heart rates and anxiety levels of anxious patients during and following treatment. PMID- 715135 TI - Tension in the two frontales: electrode placement and artifact in the recording of forehead EMG. PMID- 715136 TI - Comparison between time-lapse video recordings of behavior and polygraphic state determinations in premature infants. PMID- 715137 TI - Telemetry of human cerebral temperature. PMID- 715139 TI - Orienting response for short-interval classical conditioning. PMID- 715138 TI - Influences of subject self-selection on the EEG alpha-hypnotizability correlation. PMID- 715140 TI - Psychosomatic medicine and aging research. PMID- 715141 TI - A learning theory model of chronic illness behavior: theory, treatment, and research. AB - Over 300 patients have been treated on an inpatient psychosomatic service employing a learning model of chronic illness behavior. This model stresses social reinforcement and avoidance of occupational and social activities in the development of a syndrome characterized by somatic complaints and care-eliciting interpersonal behaviors. Preliminary studies showed that patients reinforced others for care-giving responses but showed improved tolerance of experimental pain and lower rates of drug use when care-taking responses were minimized and self-control encouraged. Treatment was designed to involve the patient in his own care, including behavior modification techniques to reduce symptomatology, social skills training, and family therapy. One-year follow-up shows that most patients achieve self-set goals, with generalization of beneficial treatment effects. Patients who return to an intact family show continuing decreases in somatic complaints and increases in achievement orientation. Treatment failures are characterized by lack of an intact family and return to the medical care system. PMID- 715142 TI - Life change and psychological distress as predictors of pregnancy outcome. AB - An exploratory investigation was conducted to assess the potential utility of objective measures of life change, anxiety, and personality as predictors of labor complications in a sample of full-term, lower-socioeconomic pregnant women without present evidence or histories of serious medical problems. The results of a linear multiple discriminant function analysis indicated that none of the personality or anxiety measures emerged as reliable predictors, but that scores on a measure of life change were able to discriminate between subjects with and without labor complications at a moderate level of predictive accuracy. This moderate level of discriminability was maintained in a double cross-validation analysis. The relationship between life change and the likelihood of complications was in a negative direction, with lower life change scores indicating a greater probability of complications. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed, along with directions for future research. PMID- 715143 TI - A behavioral strategy for promoting treatment compliance following myocardial infarction. AB - Seven men who had recently experienced a myocardial infarction were treated for medical noncompliance. Patient selection was based on recent and past noncompliant behaviors, denial of infarct, and degree of job involvement. Treatment strategy included (1) self-planning of a rehabilitation program by the patient (activity hierarchy), (2) self-monitoring of bio-behavioral data, (3) weekly visits to review data and decide on new activities. Results showed that all patients were highly compliant as determined by several criteria. The technique is relatively easy to apply and it seems to have wide appeal to patients who might otherwise be at high risk for self-injurious behavior. PMID- 715144 TI - Natural history of male psychological health, IV: what kinds of men do not get psychosomatic illness. AB - This article reports on interrelationships between the medical and emotional health of 95 men who were prospectively followed from age 18 to 53. Fifty of these originally healthy men developed illness patterns sometimes called psychosomatic (ulcer, colitis, allergy, hypertension, musculo-skeletal disorders). These men were compared with the other 45 similarly studied men who never developed such illnesses. Although men who developed "psychosomatic" illnesses were more likely to seek medical or psychiatric attention, they exhibited only slightly more psychopathology. Both as children and as adults they had more physical illness of all kinds. They were less likely to indulge in vacations and athletics and more likely to use tranquilizers and excessive alcohol. Men with "psychosomatic" illnesses experienced a greater variety of somatic symptoms under stress, but the loci of these somatic symptoms shifted over time and were not significantly associated with the sites of psychosomatic illness. Premorbidly, the 20 men who were eventually to develop serious irreversible physical illness of any kind reflected far more psychopathology than the 45 men who developed psychosomatic illness. PMID- 715145 TI - Epidemiological review of the mortality of bereavement. PMID- 715147 TI - Summary report of the W.H.O. Regional Office for Europe's working group on the health significance of chemicals occurring naturally in drinking water. PMID- 715146 TI - Public health principles. PMID- 715148 TI - Sexual problem clinics: an assessment of the work of 26 doctors trained by the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine. PMID- 715149 TI - Relating child health services to needs by the use of simple epidemiology. PMID- 715150 TI - Immunisation against rabies. PMID- 715151 TI - The child health visitor. PMID- 715152 TI - Road traffic accidents: a major public health problem in Nigeria. PMID- 715153 TI - A right to health. PMID- 715154 TI - An atypical case of malaria. PMID- 715155 TI - The prevalence of chronic disease in children in Finland. PMID- 715156 TI - Self-discharge from hospitals in the Trent region. PMID- 715157 TI - Data into policy. PMID- 715158 TI - Porcelain faeces after cremation. PMID- 715159 TI - Prevention in health care: an agenda for the next 100 years. PMID- 715160 TI - Public health in the United States: the next 100 years. PMID- 715162 TI - The Health Services Administration: improving the access to health care of the nation's underserved. PMID- 715161 TI - Assuring the nation's health resources. PMID- 715163 TI - Research needed on socioeconomic differentials in U.S. mortality. PMID- 715164 TI - Bridging the gap between clinical medicine and public health: an experimental course for medical students. AB - An experimental course for third-year medical students, held at Columbia University, was aimed at enlisting larger numbers of future clinicians in the identification of public health problems and the development of nonclinical interventions, such as environmental and health education strategies. The course sought to develop a new perspective for the analysis of clinical observations. Students chose clinical problems, identified factors influencing incidence or prevalence, or both, and devised intervention strategies while working in a district of the New York City Department of Health. Students found that they could carry out their responsibilities only by going beyond the limitations of care for individual patients and clinical medicine. Students' perceptions and behaviour were measured during periods of their clinical training. Those who had taken the experimental course perceived public health problems and suggested and took corrective actions much more frequently than students in control groups. PMID- 715165 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis is under study at NIH and FDA. PMID- 715166 TI - Broad new quality standards for the manufacture of medical devices. PMID- 715167 TI - Surprising observation on relationship between salt and hypertension. PMID- 715168 TI - Transient polyarthritis associated with familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia. AB - Forty-one heterozygous patients with familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia have been studied. Twenty-two of these patients have been observed for four years'. Transient flitting inflammatory joint symptoms were noted in thirteen patients of this group. In six patients clinical, biochemical, radiological and radio-isotope studies have been carried out during the acute episode. These investigations suggest that this syndrome is due to acute inflammatory periarthritis and peritendinitis. Radio-active xenon clearance is not prolonged as occurs in inflammatory synovitis although there is elevation of the ratio-active technetium uptake over the affected joints suggesting that the blood flow to the affected area is increased. This is the largest group of patients with this complication reported to date and the recognition of this may prove to be an important aspect of case finding in this disorder. The treatment of hyperlipidaemia at an early stage may well contribute to a reduction in the morbidity and mortality from vascular disease. No further elucidation of the pathogenesis of the arthropathy has been made but a possible relationship between undue exercise and the onset of joint symptoms was again observed. PMID- 715169 TI - Automated peritoneal dialysis for home use. AB - In order to provide an alternative to maintenance home dialysis for patients remotely situated or who had vascular access failure, a parallel peritoneal dialysis (PD) program was developed in March 1972. Over four years, 36 patients started PD with the intention of carrying out home treatments. Thirty of the 36 succeeded and 22 completed at least six months of home treatments, seven have so far been treated for over one year. No neuropathy developed except in diabetic patients. No patient, including four who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy, was depenedent on blood transfusions. Predialysis serum creatinine values were questionably higher (p less than 0.07) in a group of six patients who at another time had been maintained on hemodialysis (HD). In this group serum albumin was (mean +/- 1 S.D.) 3.3 +/- 4 g/100 ml on PD and 3.8 g/100 ml on HD (p less than 0.05). Sixteen of the 36 patients had bacterial peritonitis on 22 occasions; the average incidence was once every 14 months of patient exposure. An epidemic of sterile peritonitis involving 40 episodes in 16 patients was resolved after machine techniques were changed. Catheter failure occurred in 15 of the 22 patients in the long-term group, but catheter replacement was not difficult. PMID- 715171 TI - Renin subgroups in essential hypertension: an analysis and critique. AB - It has been claimed that measurement of renin levels in patients with essential hypertension enables identifiable subgroups of patients to be demarcated and that these subgroups exhibit important differences in prognosis and response to therapy. Accordingly, plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in 181 patients referred to hospital outpatients for treatment of hypertension. Fifteen of these were excluded from study because of abnormality of renal function, an abnormal pyelogram or incidental disease. PRA of the remainder showed a smooth unimodal distribution with a 'tail' of high values (17%) which lay above the range of values observed in normotensive subjects. Following seven days treatment with bendrofluazide the percentage rise in PRA was much less than that of age-matched controls. A group of 55 patients (33%) fell below the range encountered in normotensive matched subjects treated similarly, although the distribution of PRA was still smooth and unimodal. Patients were divided into 'high', 'normal' and 'low' renin subgroups. Whilst there were significant differences in age between the high, normal and low renin groups, there were no significant differences in basal blood pressure, response to diuretics or beta blockers. It is concluded that renin levels in hypertension are influenced by several factors and that any attempt to subdivide patients into renin subgroups is therefore arbitrary. Measurement of renin does not significantly assist predicting the blood pressure response to either diuretics or beta-blockers combined with diuretics. PMID- 715170 TI - An assessment of laparotomy in the management of patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Planned laparotomy and splenectomy has been a safe investigation for sixty patients with clinical Stage I, II or III Hodgkin's disease. Twenty-four of the 60 patients (40%) changed stage and 18 patients had their treatment altered as a consequence of the procedure. Forty-three per cent of patients without a palpably enlarged spleen had unsuspected disease when the organ was examined pathologically, although a false positive spleen was uncommon. Eight of 55 patients (14.5%) had intra-abdominal disease which was not detected by lymphangiography. Intra-abdominal disease occurred with all histological sub types and was found in two patients who had clinical Stage I disease and lymphocyte predominance in their node histology. Sarcoid-like granulomata were found in ten patients, seven in the spleen, one in the liver and spleen, one in the skin and one in the original node biopsy. In the majority of patients, granulomata were associated with nodular sclerosing or mixed cellular histology. In all ten patients the Hodgkin's disease was suppressed by appropriate chemotherapy and disease has not recurred. No patient has shown any clinical evidence of sarcoidosis and the Kveim test done in three patients was negative. Our experience encourages us to recommend staging laparotomy for all adult patients with Hodgkin's disease which does not show obvious generalized spread beyond lymph nodes. PMID- 715172 TI - Pure red cell aplasia. AB - Complete or near complete remission of acquired pure red cell aplasia, not associated with thymoma, occurred in response to prednisone (six occasions), prednisone and cyclophosphamide (twice), cyclophosphamide alone (once) and splenectomy (once). These results were observed in four patients and confirm the value of cyclophosphamide and possibly splenectomy in patients resistant to prednisone in acquired red cell aplasia. In two of these patients, bone marrow progression from a state of ineffective erythropoiesis with many red cell precursors to that of red cell aplasia was observed. This indicates that some acquired refractory anaemias characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis may have the same pathogenesis as acquired red cell aplasia. The absence of demonstrable antibodies active against erythroblasts may merely reflect the insensitivity of currently available techniques. However it is possible that non-humoral immune mechanisms may be involved in the production of some forms of acquired red cell aplasia responsive to immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 715173 TI - The urinary excretion of radiocopper in presymptomatic and symptomatic Wilson's disease, heterozygotes and controls: its significance in diagnosis and management. AB - Radiocopper (64Cu, 67CU), given intravenously, has been used to study the pattern of excretion of copper in patients with presymptomatic, symptomatic and treated Wilson's disease, together with heterozygotes for the Wilson's disease gene and a control group of patients with a variety of neurological lesions mimicking Wilson's disease. Urine was collected for three periods after injection, 0 to 8 hours, 8 to 24 hours, at which time a test dose of penicillamine was given, and from 24 to 30 hours. Stable (endogenous) copper was also estimated on these samples and specific activity was determined. This was multiplied by a correction factor to allow for variations in dose and body weight. The findings for stable copper in urine were largely predictable. Controls and heterozygotes had the least copper excretion, the amounts rising in the presymptomatic to a peak in the symptomatic patients. Institution of therapy was associated with a fall in copper excretion pro rata with time. The most important radiochemical findings were as follows. Heterozygotes excreted less of the injected copper than controls both under basal conditions and after penicillamine. Presymptomatic patients excreted less radiocopper than heterozygotes after penicillamine although the excretion during the basal 24 hour period was very much greater. Patients with symptomatic Wilson's disease had by far the highest excretion of radiocopper in all three time periods which fell after treatment, pro rata with time, as had been found for stable copper. These results were subjected to computer analysis. There was no overlap between the various groups with the exception of a single control subject who had combined pyramidal and extrapyramidal system degeneration of obscure aetiology. This patient was classified by the computer study as 'heterozygote'. These findings lend further support to the hypothesis that the loss of a single gene for copper balance can be detected with a high degree of accuracy and also that presymptomatic patients can be selected from a sibship for prophylactic treatment without the risk of subjecting healthy heterozygotes to unnecessary and potentially hazardous long-term therapy. PMID- 715174 TI - A three-year survey of viral hepatitis in West London. AB - During a total population survey of viral hepatitis in the London Boroughs of Hounslow, Richmond and Ealing, 784 patients were seen in three years from 1 March 1972 to 28 February 1975. A diagnosis of viral hepatitis was accepted in 489. The annual incidence was 24 per 100 000. 455 of the patients were tested for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by a radioimmunoassay technique and 93 (20%) of these were positive. The majority of the patients with type B hepatitis were in their third or fourth decades. None was under the age of 16. The male to female ratio among patients with hepatitis B was 2 to 1 in those under the age of 30 and 5 to 1 in those aged 30 and over. The seasonal distribution of viral hepatitis showed a peak in the spring, solely from an increased incidence of non B hepatitis, and a second, smaller peak in the autumn. There was no appreciable clustering of patients except for one local outbreak in a housing estate during the first year affecting mainly children going to the same primary school, and their parents. Patients with hepatitis B had a longer pre-icteric illness (p less than 0.05), greater duration of jaundice (p less than 0.001) and higher peak levels of serum bilirubin (p less than 0.0005) and serum alanine amino transferase (A1T) (p less than 0.03) than patients with non-B hepatitis. The finding of the surface antigen was also associated with a higher frequency of skin rash (p less than 0.0005) and a greater duration of arthralgia (p less than 0.03). Among the HBsAg negative patients the incidence of arthralgia increased with age (p less than 0.0005). Abdominal pain (p less than 0.005) and vomiting (p less than 0.005) were more common in the young. The injection experience of patients with hepatitis B showed a high proportion of 'non-therapeutic' exposure such as drug addiction. Significantly more HBsAg positive men were single than in the local community (p less than 0.001) or among the HBsAg negative men (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between the proportions of single women among the antigen positive and negative patients. Many of the HBsAg positive single men were either known to be or strongly suspected of being homosexual. The ad subtype of the HBsAg was found more often in males (p less than 0.01), particularly over the age of 30. All eight drug addicts tested for subtype were ay, as were two non-addicted female consorts. The association between addiction and ay subtype was highly significant in the males (p less than 0.001). The ad subtype was found in all 11 of the admitted homosexual HBsAg positive men and in all but one of the 17 strongly suspected of being homosexual. PMID- 715175 TI - Kin selection, reciprocal altruism, and the principle of maximization: a reply to Sahlins. PMID- 715176 TI - Simultaneous monitoring system of thermal neutron flux for boron-neutron capture therapy. PMID- 715177 TI - Effect of ionizing radiation on the energy metabolism of hog lymphocytes. PMID- 715178 TI - Local dose to lung tissue from inhaled 238PuO2 particles. PMID- 715179 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on the cycling, noncycling, and hypoxic cells of irradiated and unirradiated multicell spheroids. PMID- 715180 TI - Pulmonary connective tissue modifications induced by internal alpha irradiation. I. Effect of time and dose on alterations following inhalation of plutonium-239 dioxide aerosol in rat. PMID- 715181 TI - Effect of negative pions on cells plated on glass and plastic surfaces. PMID- 715182 TI - Killing of glucose-deprived hypoxic cells with moderate hyperthermia. PMID- 715183 TI - [Transcription process in rat thymus cells subjected to x-ray irradiation. 3. The matrix activity and structural characteristics of chromatin]. PMID- 715184 TI - [Relationship between the levels of endogenous thiols and lipid antioxidant activity and the radiosensitivity of different species of animals]. PMID- 715186 TI - [Biological interpretation of the type of function of dosage dependence of bone marrow hematopoietic activity]. PMID- 715187 TI - [Proximal and distal differences in the enterocyte lesion of the small intestine in rats and mice with the intestinal radiation syndrome]. PMID- 715185 TI - [Potentiation of the radioprotective effect of noradrenaline and other protectors by various beta-adrenolytics]. PMID- 715188 TI - [Interphase death and the reparation of radiation lesions in the endothelium of the thoracic aorta of mammals]. PMID- 715189 TI - [Oxygen effect and the cellular adaptation reaction. 3. Modelling of cell oxygenation in relation to its respiratory activity and permeability for oxygen]. PMID- 715190 TI - [Clonogenic capacity of the cells of mouse NKLy/LL solid tumors and its alteration under irradiation]. PMID- 715191 TI - [Minimal doees evoking changes in the crystalline lens of rats in the external action of beta radiation]. PMID- 715192 TI - [Hematopoietic system disorder in mice after the single administration of tritium oxide]. PMID- 715193 TI - [Distribution and excretion of plutonium-239 from the body of rats under exposure to penthacine and macro quantities of iron with penthacine]. PMID- 715194 TI - [Metabolism, microdistribution and status of the pulmonary parenchyma on the intratracheal administration of californium-252]. PMID- 715195 TI - [Strontium-90 and cesium-137 content in commercial fishes]. PMID- 715196 TI - [State of the enzymatic systems of ribose-5-phosphate metabolism in the erythrocytes of irradiated rats]. PMID- 715197 TI - [Adenine nucleotide content in the rat spleen normally and after x-ray irradiation]. PMID- 715198 TI - [Effect of various chromatin fractions and DNA preparations from these fractions on the frequency of chromosomal radiation injuries in the myelokaryocytes of rats]. PMID- 715199 TI - [Effect of anoxia and cysteamine on the total protein content and protein sulfhydryl group level in the myeloid bone marrow cells of mice]. PMID- 715200 TI - [Relationship of the human bone marrow hematopoietic activity to the gamma radiation dose (a mathematical model)]. PMID- 715201 TI - [Changes in the lithium content in rabbit organs and tissues under the influence of x-ray irradiation]. PMID- 715202 TI - [Interphase death of HeLa ZH-63 cells caused by gamma irradiation in large doses]. PMID- 715203 TI - [Comparative study of the effect of heterocyclic aminoalkylisothiourea derivatives on the radiosensitivity of the animal organism and cell]. PMID- 715204 TI - [Bacteriotherapy of acute radiation sickness]. PMID- 715205 TI - [Late sequelae in a neptunium-237 lesion]. PMID- 715206 TI - [Toxicity of strontium-90 depending on the routes of its uptake into the animal body]. PMID- 715207 TI - [Effect of the prolonged enteral uptake of radium-226 on the peripheral blood in rats]. PMID- 715208 TI - [Lethal action of gamma rays on the conidia of Aspergillus niger, a producer of citric acid]. PMID- 715209 TI - [Effect of removal of the hypophysis on decreasing the cellularity of the hematopoietic organs during the 1st 7 hours after irradiation]. PMID- 715210 TI - [Change in the physical endurance of rats in the late periods after combined exposure to external gamma irradiation and internal radioactive iodine contamination]. PMID- 715211 TI - [Biological action of synchrotron radiation on wheat seeds]. PMID- 715212 TI - [Effect of gamma rays on the yield and quality of field crops]. PMID- 715214 TI - The best of both worlds. PMID- 715213 TI - [Beta radiation dosimetry with thermoluminescent lithium fluoride]. PMID- 715215 TI - Vitamin D deficiency rickets. PMID- 715216 TI - Planning of diagnostic departments. AER symposium report. PMID- 715217 TI - An apparatus for the routine inspection of intensifying screens. PMID- 715218 TI - X-ray gowns. PMID- 715219 TI - Factors that modify drug absorption. PMID- 715220 TI - Clinical implications of protein binding of drugs. PMID- 715221 TI - Platelet survival time: its measurement and use. PMID- 715222 TI - The anatomy and physiology of the somatic sensory cortical regions. PMID- 715223 TI - The stomach in food satiation and the regulation of appetite. PMID- 715224 TI - [An epidemic of viral hepatitis type A in Ustrzyki Dolne and neighboring communities]. PMID- 715225 TI - [Sources and modes of transmission of foot mycosis in a closed community]. PMID- 715226 TI - [Foot mycoses in a students' community]. PMID- 715227 TI - [An epidemic of foot mycosis in a students' hostel]. PMID- 715228 TI - [Focus of bacterial enteric infections in a Polish camp near Tripoli (Libya)]. PMID- 715229 TI - [Leptospirosis in the Chelm province]. PMID- 715230 TI - [Cardiovascular changes in patients with ornithosis]. PMID- 715231 TI - [Lymphocyte transformation in experimental ascariasis]. PMID- 715232 TI - [ECHO type 30 virus as the etiological agent of meningitis in 1975 in Warsaw]. PMID- 715233 TI - [Health status of Warsaw journalists]. PMID- 715234 TI - [Case of sporadic exanthemic typhus after 35 years]. PMID- 715235 TI - [The psychosomatic patient in analytical brief psychotherapy. A follow-up study]. PMID- 715236 TI - [Bronchial asthma in relation to family dynamics processes. Case report and comparison with the literature]. PMID- 715238 TI - [Operative thinking (pensee operatoire)]. PMID- 715237 TI - [Comparison of psychosomatic and psychoneurotic patients. Differences in verbal behavior]. PMID- 715239 TI - [Focusing counseling. An attempt at the application of focal therapeutic concepts in a counseling center (with special reference to indications)]. PMID- 715240 TI - [Nutrition aspects of the degenerative disease prophylaxis (author's transl)]. PMID- 715241 TI - [Own observation of generalized anaesthesia with ketalar in radiological diagnostics (author's transl)]. PMID- 715242 TI - [Evaluation of beta-adrenolytic treatment of essential hypertension with the use of visken (author's transl)]. PMID- 715243 TI - [Relation between arterial blood pressure levels, body weight and arm circumference in a random sample of Lodz population (author's transl)]. PMID- 715244 TI - [Proteins of the human body--clinical and diagnostic aspects. Pathological proteins--characteristics and origin]. PMID- 715245 TI - [Proteins of the human body--clinical and diagnostic prospects. Clinical laboratory diagnosis of changes in the protein composition]. PMID- 715246 TI - [Incorrect diagnoses in the light of confrontation of compatibility and incompatibility of clinical and pathological diagnoses in patients of the Nephrological Clinic of the Institute of Internal Medicine of the Medical Academy in Cracow (author's transl)]. PMID- 715248 TI - [The physician, patient and death (author's transl)]. PMID- 715247 TI - [Headache as a sign of masked depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 715249 TI - [Pentaerythritol "forte" in the treatment of coronary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 715250 TI - [Practical remarks on composition of some fluids used for intravenous infusions (author's transl)]. PMID- 715251 TI - [Prevalence and dynamics of the overweight in the sample of the adult inhabitants of Cracow. Part II. Overweight by education, history of residence and smoking habits (author's transl)]. PMID- 715252 TI - [Proteins of the human body--clinical and diagnostic aspects. Role of proteins in the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis]. PMID- 715253 TI - [Proteins of the human body--clinical and diagnostic aspects. Hemorrhagic diathesis of plasmatic origin]. PMID- 715254 TI - [Repeated cures with daraprim in the preventive therapy of meningeal leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 715255 TI - [Burkitt's tumor and accompanying schistosomiasis of urogenital system (author's transl)]. PMID- 715256 TI - [Evaluation of the parodontium state and of oral cavity hygiene with regard to parodontopathy in children and rural youth (author's transl)]. PMID- 715257 TI - [Effect of the chronic chinidine use on maintaining the sinusal rhythm recovered by cardioversion in patients after mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 715258 TI - [Effect of selenium (SE+VI) on activity of lymphocyte acid phosphatase in rats chronically intoxicated with benzene (author's transl)]. PMID- 715259 TI - [Glucagon and lipid metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 715260 TI - [Clinical--pharmacological problems of control--therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 715261 TI - [A case of intensive care of the patient with circulatory and respiratory insufficiency due to total obstruction of internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 715262 TI - [The use of tissue glue for reparation of unsuccessfully operationally obturated vesicovaginal fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 715263 TI - Microspectrophotometric studies on the visual pigment in the intact retina of the goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linn.). AB - The visual pigments in intact retinas of the common goldfish were examined by microspectrophotometry. Difference spectra free of photoproduct contamination had absorbance maxima at lambda527 nm +/- 2 nm. The average pigment density, about 0.32, was almost invariant with regard to retinal location and specimen size. Traces of a photoproduct absorbing maximally at lambda480-490 nm were found. The normalized "absorbance" curve deviated from standard templates. It was suggested that this was an effect of cross-coupling of energy and among photoreceptors. Finally, known action spectra show a red shift relative to the absorbance spectra measured. PMID- 715264 TI - [Histological and morphometric study of the development of the optic part of the compound eye of the Enallagma boreale Selys (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)]. AB - The morphology of the optical part of the Enallagma boreale Selys compound eye remains unchanged during its post-embryonic development. The cornea, composed of the epi-, exo- and endocorne, is in perfect continuity with the larval cephalic cuticle. Consequently these two structures possess the same three layers and have a similar process formation. But, the measurements from cephalic endocuticle and endocornea of the adult differ significantly from each other. The latter has a lamellar aspect. The nuclei cornea reaches its morphometric characteristics as early as the pre-emergence stage. The nuclei of the two primary pigment cells which have maintained their epidermic nature, are located at each side of the apex of the crystalline cone. The nuclei of the secondary pigment cells are uniformly distributed in the optical and photosensitive parts. The larval and adult crystalline cones differ morphometrically. The larval one is longer and narrower and reaches its adult characteristics just before emergence. Statistical tests do not show any significant difference between the dorsal and the ventral parts of the larval and adult compound eye. PMID- 715265 TI - On possible involvement of adrenocorticoids in chicken spleen development. AB - The possible effects of glucocorticoids on spleen development were assessed by the determination of changes in mean organ weight and histology in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos at stages 44 and 45 of Hamburger and Hamilton on days 19.5 and 20 of incubation (N = 10--13). After the administration of 1 to 6 mg of metopirone (an 11-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor) the numbers of white-pulp periarterial nests and red-pulp granulocytes decreased. The changes associated with metopirone treatment were less evident after the addition of corticosterone (20 and 200 microgram). After adding corticosterone alone (200 microgram), the white-pulp nests appeared larger than in control. Mean body and spleen weights or spleen-body weight ratios did not change much after treatment. Possibly glucocorticoids normally direct these aspects of spleen histogenesis in chicken embryos. PMID- 715266 TI - Optical characteristics of the eye of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). AB - On the basis of the failure of attempts to induce refractive accommodation changes electrically and with drugs, it appears that the eye of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) lacks the capacity to accommodate. Retinoscopic measurements indicate moderate hyperopia (+6D). However, measurements made with light restricted to the short end of the visible spectrum indicate only one or two dioptres of hyperopia and it is possible that the latter measurements are more coincident with natural conditions. In contrast to the somewhat flattened lens of other elasmobranchs the lens of the spiny dogfish is nearly spherical. The fact that its refractive index is high (1.66) suggests that the static optical system of this eye is very similar to that of the teleosts. PMID- 715267 TI - Uptake of lysolecithin and other lysins by rat erythrocytes. AB - Lysis of rat erythrocytes by lysolecithin, palmitoyl carnitine and palmitoyl choline is inhibited by albumin and by certain lipids. Albumin rapidly forms a complex with the lysins thereby decreasing their reactivity with erythrocytes. Lecithin and cholesterol are lysis inhibitors that do not prevent the uptake of lysins but decrease their interactions with structural elements of the red cell membrane. PMID- 715268 TI - [Primary sarcoma of the lung]. PMID- 715269 TI - [Intravenous galactose overload as a test of hepatic function]. PMID- 715271 TI - [A method of estrogens determination in urine by gas-liquid chromatography with application to everyday clinical practice]. PMID- 715270 TI - [Mineralometry and vitamin D in hemodialyzed patients]. PMID- 715272 TI - [Coexistance of gallbladder and heart disease]. PMID- 715273 TI - [Propranolol in hypertensive disease]. PMID- 715274 TI - [Renal polycystosis in the adult. Evaluation of various diagnostic methods]. PMID- 715275 TI - [Experience with hemodialysis using membranes of great permeability to medium size molecules and a dialysis bath in a closed circuit]. PMID- 715276 TI - [Cancer of the thyroid associated with hyperthyroidism: report of 4 new cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 715277 TI - [Histochemical diagnosis of rectal suction biopsies in Hirschprung's disease]. PMID- 715278 TI - [Pulmonary function in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)]. PMID- 715279 TI - [Acute pancreatitis. Study based on 73 clinical histories]. PMID- 715280 TI - [Value of cholinesterase in pleural fluid for its etiological diagnosis]. PMID- 715281 TI - [Long term results of Wooler's mitral valve reconstruction]. PMID- 715282 TI - [Local fibrinolysis in cerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 715283 TI - [Observations in relation to the problem of hypokalemia caused by glucocorticoids. Apropos of a personal observation]. PMID- 715284 TI - [Giant aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery]. PMID- 715285 TI - [Giant follicular lymphadenitis of plasma cells and hepatic amyloidosis]. PMID- 715286 TI - [Acute renal failure caused by rifampicin]. PMID- 715287 TI - [Acute interstitial nephritis and IgE]. PMID- 715288 TI - [Vasectomy as an ambulatory procedure in El Salvador]. PMID- 715289 TI - [Comparison of microbial population of the rumen and their seasonal metabolism in Senegalese zebus and sheep]. PMID- 715290 TI - [Buccal candidiasis and intestinal invagination in captive baboons, Papio papio]. PMID- 715291 TI - [Bovine leukocytes in tropical West Africa]. PMID- 715292 TI - [Capacity of resistance to dryness of the snail (Limnaea natalensis), an intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica in Senegal]. PMID- 715293 TI - [An example of utilization of the actuarial method: estimation of mortality rate in Timahdit sheep herd]. PMID- 715294 TI - [Note on the manifestations of the estrus cycle and reproduction of N'Dama cows]. PMID- 715295 TI - [Attempt at estimating the coefficient of herbaceous biomass utilization by cattle in a Sahelian area]. PMID- 715296 TI - [New findings on the cellularity of synovial fluid]. PMID- 715297 TI - [Vasculitis and vasculoneuritis in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 715298 TI - [Ollier's dyschondromatosis]. PMID- 715299 TI - [Genus Levinea: bacteriological study of 18 strains isolated from man]. PMID- 715300 TI - [Clearance of bromsulphalein in chronic hepatitis. Anatomo-functional study in 104 cases]. PMID- 715301 TI - [On the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 715302 TI - Posttraumatic depression: its value and treatment. PMID- 715303 TI - Treatment of noninfected and infected pseudarthrosis by external fixation. PMID- 715304 TI - The distraction-compression method in the treatment of diaphyseal defect: pseudarthroses of the long bones. PMID- 715305 TI - Endoprosthetic treatment of hip injuries: working capacity-invalidity. Experiences from the Swiss Accident Insurance Institute (SUVA) from the years 1972--1973. PMID- 715306 TI - Posttraumatic osteoarthritis after injury of the knee and hip joint. PMID- 715307 TI - The ramus infrapatellaris of the saphenous nerve and its importance for medial parapatellar arthrotomies of the knee. PMID- 715308 TI - [Legal aspects of prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 715309 TI - Lymphocyte receptors and mitogen or antigen induced in vitro cell proliferation in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 715310 TI - [The challenge of evaluation in the postgraduated courses in medicine]. PMID- 715311 TI - [Apathetic hyperthyroidism. Report of a case and brief review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 715312 TI - [Trico-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. Description of two cases in two Mexican families (author's transl)]. PMID- 715313 TI - [Withdrawal of meprobamate and reduction of barbiturates in psychiatric patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 715314 TI - [A study of gastric acidity in adults with giardiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 715315 TI - [Marfan's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 715316 TI - [Gastric carcinoma: macroscopic and histologic characteristics in 300 gastrectomy specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 715317 TI - [Use of 82-Br in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 715318 TI - [Treatment of Zollinger Ellison's syndrome with cimetidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 715319 TI - [Treatment of multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 715320 TI - [Vascular trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 715321 TI - [Organization of biomedical research in Chile: a personal approach to the problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 715322 TI - [Primary health care (author's transl)]. PMID- 715323 TI - [Tendo-myalgia of the gluteus medius]. PMID- 715324 TI - [Summary of the activities of the Academia de Medicina during 1977]. PMID- 715325 TI - [Current problems in the prevention of alcoholism]. PMID- 715326 TI - [Traumatic transitory brachial paralysis]. PMID- 715327 TI - [Indications for ventricular drainage in some types of hydrocephalus in adults]. PMID- 715329 TI - [Arguments in favor of the priority use of supportive psychotherapy in the treatment of mental disorders in students]. PMID- 715328 TI - [Anesthesia problems in surgery of the posterior fossa in a sitting position]. PMID- 715330 TI - [Working group on prevention of mental disorders in the aged. Copenhagen, 21-25 February 1977. Summary report]. PMID- 715332 TI - [General symptomatology of edema]. PMID- 715331 TI - [Edema in medicine. Elementary considerations on the general physiopathology of transudate edema]. PMID- 715333 TI - [Chronic localized edema]. PMID- 715334 TI - [Edema caused by cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 715335 TI - [Edema of renal origin]. PMID- 715337 TI - [Endocrine diseases and edema]. PMID- 715336 TI - [Edema in digestive system diseases and nutritional disorders]. PMID- 715338 TI - [So-called absence of edema in analbuminemia]. PMID- 715339 TI - [The educator and child psychiatry]. PMID- 715340 TI - [Psychic conflicts in the adolescent]. PMID- 715341 TI - [Psychotherapy of male and female depressive and suicidal adolescents]. PMID- 715342 TI - [Reynold's syndrome. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - One case of the association of primary biliar cirrhosis and systemic sclerosis progressive (SSP) is described (Reynold's syndrome). This association has been reported in 21 patients. In our case the signs of liver disease precede two years the appearence of SSP. A review of the patients with Reynold's syndrome reported is done and compared with the present case. Diagnostic approach and management of this association is also discussed. PMID- 715343 TI - [Latex agglutination test in amebic liver abscess]. AB - Amebic hepatic abscesses are one of the most frequent and serious complications of intestinal amibiasis. Although many methods exists with which the diagnosis can be made, frequently problems do arise. Serologic reactions play an important role in the diagnosis of amebic hepatic abscess. Among the most useful of the serological tests, is that which evaluates agglutination with latex particles. Latex agglutination was positive in 98.5% of 200 cases of proved amebic hepatic abscess. The pros and cons of the utility of this test compared with other serological tests are discussed. It is concluded that or the especialist as well as the general practicioner latex agglutination can be extremely useful in the diagnosis of amebic hepatic abscess. PMID- 715344 TI - [Surgical treatment of amebic liver abscess]. AB - The charts of 50 patients with hepatic amebic abscesses diagnosed during 1976 in the Hospital de Especialidades del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social and in the Unidad Hospitalaria La Paz in the city of Puebla, were reviewed: 39 were men and 11 women, with an age range between the third and sixth decade. It was necessary to resort to surgical treatment in 25 (50%) of the patients for one or various of the following reasons: failure of medical treatment, imminent perforation, septicemia, perforation or the occurrence of an extremely large abscess. The total mortality was 2%. In all cases medical treatment was administered in the pre- and postoperative period. The surgical technique as well as its frequency is described and compared with the results of other groups. The mortality in our study was very low probably because the patients with large abscesses or sepsis were operated on an early stage of their evolution. PMID- 715345 TI - [Dysgeusias]. AB - This is a review of multiple pathologic conditions associated with altered taste perception and identification. We stated the steps and the molecular basis of this sense. This paper includes two cases that exemplify two distinct types of dysgeusia; case, 1 a 48 year old man who had clinical manifestations of hypogeusia and dysgeusia for one year, probably secondary to air pollutants. Case 2, a 37 year old man who worked in the same factory and also had dysgeusia; we concluded that it was secondary to thermal and chemical agression of the oropharynx; his plasma and urinary levels of zinc were normal. Many medications and contaminants of air and water are related with changes in serum and urine levels of zinc, which is a determinant at several levels for the correct integration of the taste system. Namely it is important for synthesis of the metalloprotein, gustin, a parotid gland protein secreted into saliva, which in turns is very important to make union of the sapid substance (SS) with its receptor in the surface of the gustatory epithelium a the taste buds. Zinc is also related with neurotransmission of the electrical stimulus generated in the bud cell and ending in the central nervous system. There is an acute zinc loss syndrome, seen in patients treated with histidine, which simulates the steps in which taste sensation is integrated. A clinical approach for diagnosis of hypogeusic or dysgeusic patients must include a careful evaluation of the diat elements, an assesment of hereditary disorders, the type of work and contact with pollutants known to be related with dysgeusia. A special care regarding physical examination must be considered in particular a meticulous review of the oropharynx in order to diagnose inflammatory, neoplastic or neurological disorders. The levels of perception an identification of flavors: sweet, bitter, sour and salt, must be determined using the forced scale triple choice technic. Serum and urinary levels of zinc should be determined in each patient using a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A quantification of the activity of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase, a zinc metalloenzyme, is a useful aid, liver function tests. 13 and 14 determinations and serum protein electrophoresis are mandatory because many pathologic states of these organ systems are known to be related with disorders of taste. We wish to remark the important function of zinc in the taste system, the role of essential trace elements is receiving increased atention and these alterations are good examples of their clinical importance. PMID- 715347 TI - [Surgical treatment of achalasia. Analysis of 27 cases]. AB - 1. Esophageal achalasia is a rare disease of unknown origin that occurs with the same frequency in both sexes. 2. During the preoperative workup as well as the postoperative time the following studies should be performed: upper GI series, esophageal manometry and endoscopy with biopsy. 3. In most instances conservative treatment with dilations only provides temporal relief of the symptoms and moreover, is not exempt from complications; it should be employed only in incipient achalasia, in patients who refuse to be operated upon and in those whose general conditions make surgery inadvisable. 4. Surgery can provide a permanent cure for the symptomatology in the majority of the patients, with a very low mortality and morbidity; an operation should be performed early in those who retain more than 10 mls. in the esophagus with persistence of the symptomatology as well as in those patients in whom cancer is suspected. 5. A modified Heller type operation, with abdominal approach with gastrostomy, diaphragmatic hernioplasty and an anti-reflux procedure and when necessary a piloroplasty is the treatment of choice for esophageal achalasia yielding good results in 88.8% of the cases. It should be noted that the degree of postoperative gastroesophageal regurgitation is directly related to the extent to which the gastric incisons is extended below the esophageal-gastric junction. PMID- 715346 TI - [Endotoxins and liver]. AB - Endotoxins are macromolecules containing lipopolysacharides that form part of the bacteria wall. They are released only when the cell integrity is lost. They are suceptible to be absorved and pass to the portal circulation. However, in normal individuals endotoxins are not detected in peripheral blood, due to a filter effect of the liver. The possibility that liver failure could produce alterations in the detoxification of endotoxins is analyzed as well as the role of endotoxins to initiate or perpetuate liver damage. The biological effects of endotoxins on bile secretion, liver circulation, energy and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver are described. PMID- 715348 TI - [Single-peak and monocomponent insulins]. PMID- 715349 TI - [Immunostimulant treatments]. PMID- 715350 TI - [Drug allergies: detection and prevention]. PMID- 715351 TI - [Oral contraception: uncertainties and prospects]. PMID- 715352 TI - [Nonesterified fatty acids]. PMID- 715353 TI - [Socioeconomic level as an error-generating variable in studies of ethnicity]. PMID- 715354 TI - [Medico-social study of factors contributing to accidents with conventional executive aircrafts registered between 1971 and 1975, in the State of Sao Paulo, Brasil. I. Occurrence period and time and principal contributing factor]. PMID- 715355 TI - [Factors correlated to attempted suicide]. PMID- 715356 TI - [Skinfolds in school children from 7 to 11 years of age]. PMID- 715357 TI - [Prevalence of xerophthalmia, based on a survey of Brazilian ophthalmologists]. PMID- 715358 TI - [Iron-deficiency anemia in children of the Municipality of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 715359 TI - [Susceptibility of Biomphalaria glabrata, albino variant, from Belo Horizonte, MG, to infestation by Schistosoma mansoni, a parasite under natural conditions, of wild rodents of the Vale do Rio Paraiba do Sul, SP (Brazil)]. PMID- 715360 TI - [Parasitological behavior of human and wild strains of Schistosoma mansoni, in the Vale do Rio Paraiba do Sul, SP (Brazil)]. PMID- 715361 TI - [Natural infection of small mammals by Schistosoma mansoni, in the Americana reservoir (Sao Paulo, Brazil)]. PMID- 715362 TI - [Analysis of the accuracy of the available hospital statistical data in the Sao Paulo State Health Department in 1974]. PMID- 715363 TI - Characteristics of transcellular NaCl reabsorption in the kidney. AB - To examine the characteristics of transcellular, energy-requiring NaCl reabsorption, increased delivery of tubular fluid of different bicarbonate and chloride composition to the outer medulla was achieved by infusion of acetazolamide (30 mg/kg body wt) or 0.9% NaCl in anaesthetized dogs. As an index of energy-requiring NaCltransport, cortical and outer medullary metabolism were determined by the heat production technique. Outer medullary metabolism was correlated to sodium excretion but not to chloride excretion. A rise in sodium excretion up to 20-25% of the filtered load during hydropenia was associated with a 70-80% increase in outer medullary metabolism. Further increments in sodium excretion induced by increasing systemic blood pressure and thereby increasing glomerular filtration rate or by infusing 2.9% NaCl did not significantly increase either reabsorption of sodium or cortical and outer medullary metabolism. By infusion of furosemide (2mg/kg body wt) sodium reabsorption and outer medullary heat production could be reduced below control values. These experiments show that sodium rather than chloride determine transcellular NaCl reabsorption. The maximal capacity of this reabsorption system is approached first at sodium excretion rates beyond the physiological range. Calculations based on clearance studies and heat production measurements, before and after furosemide infusion, indicate that transcellular NaCl reabsorption accounts for more than half of the NaCl reabsorption in the kidney. PMID- 715364 TI - Mechanism of NaCl reabsorption and glomerulotubular balance in hyperchloraemic acidosis. PMID- 715365 TI - Exercise-and post-exercise metabolism of the lower leg in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. AB - Exercise- and post-exercise metabolism were studied in the lower legs of six subjects without known arterial insufficiency and in sixteen claudicants. Lower leg blood flow was measured with a thermodilution catheter in the popliteal vein. The catheter allowed blood sampling from the calf before, during and after an exhaustive, stepwise increasing load exercise on a bicycle ergometer. A higher oxygen extraction and higher lactate release during exercise in claudicants than in normal subjects persisted in the post-exercise period (P less than 0.05). Leg arteriopoplitealvenous differences of free fatty acids (FFA) showed an inverse intergroup relationship to that of glucose. Being higher in claudicants than in normal subjects during exercise (P less than 0.05). However, net uptake of FFA was not significantly different in the groups of legs although it appeared increased relative to glucose in claudicants both during and after the exercise. Thus no statistically significant substrate preference was detected although the results suggests a preference for FFA relative to glucose in legs with arterial insufficiency. The study furthermore demonstrated the lag of exercise metabolism into the post-exercise period in such legs and a close relationship between this metabolic delay and the severity of the disease. PMID- 715367 TI - Primary structure of human intrinsic factor: progress report on cyanogen bromide fragmentation. AB - Human intrinsic factor purified by labile ligand affinity chromatography was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and fractionated by gel filtration. Four of the fragments were purified and sequenced to a total of eighty-four amino acid residues. Including the N-terminal amino acids this amounts to one third of the total amino acid sequence of human intrinsic factor. One of the fragments contained a tyrosine labelled only on iodination of intrinsic factor devoid of cobalamin. PMID- 715366 TI - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in rats treated with 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine. AB - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) in rats treated with 4-amino-pyrazolo pyrimidine (4-APP) has been studied. Treatment with 4-APP decreased the plasma concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concomitantly with a decreased rate of cholesterol esterification in plasma. The reduced cholesterol esterification was due both to an effect on the enzyme and on the lipoprotein substrate. Plasma prothrombin decreased to the same extent as that of LCAT, indicating that the primary effect of 4-APP is upon protein synthesis and secretion from the liver. PMID- 715368 TI - A rapid direct determination of cadmium in blood by anodic stripping voltammetry. AB - This paper describes a rapid, sensitive anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) method for measuring quantities of cadmium in blood. An advantage of this method is the minimal sample preparation required, using a metal-exchange reagent. A sensitivity of 4 nmol/l can be obtained. The results correlate with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Within-run, the coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.9% at a cadmium concentration of 32 nmol/l. Between run CV was 5.4% at 37 nmol/l. The reference interval for blood cadmium concentration was 5-60 nmol/l for non-smokers and 5-85 nmol/l for cigarette-smokers. This method of cadmium analysis shows that ASV is a rapid, sensitive method for determination of blood cadmium in the normal range. PMID- 715370 TI - An improved competitive protein-binding assay for 25-hydroxy vitamin D. AB - A competitive protein binding assay for 25-hydroxy vitamin D in serum is described using serum from a pregnant woman as source of binding protein. Introduction of a polyvinyl alcohol to the reaction buffer enhanced the solubility of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in aqueous solutions and nearly eliminated loss of material to the walls of reaction tubes. Addition of a protein fraction obtained by gel filtration of human serum, shown to bind only vitamin D, enhanced the specificity and reproducibility of the assay without interfering with the binding properties of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Serum samples were extracted by chloroform-methanol. Comparison of column chromatography on silicic acid and Sephadex LH-20 showed that both systems gave good separation of vitamin D and 25 hydroxy vitamin D and with a similar recovery of about 80%. The silicic acid columns were less time consuming, either to handle and cheaper in use, and was therefore preferred as the routine separation method. The assay has a detection limit of 0.4 nmol/l in serum, and an intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation of 6.8 and 8.1%, respectively. PMID- 715369 TI - Erythrocyte-Zn-protoporphyrin as an indicator of lead exposure. AB - Measurement of erythrocte-Zn-protoporphyrin with a haematofluorimeter on blood samples from eighty-four lead-exposed individuals has been compared with a fluorimetric determination of the extracted porphyrins. The results agreed well, and the interference from bilirubin and unchelated protoporphyrin was low. An exponential increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin and a linear decrease in blood haemoglobin with increased blood lead was found in seventy-nine males with occupational lead exposure. The haematofluorimeter is recommended as a useful tool in screening for lead poisoning. PMID- 715371 TI - Radioimmmunoassay for melatonin in human serum. AB - Goat antisera raised against N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptophan conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide is utilized in a radioimmunoassay for melatonin. The raised antibodies are coupled to Sepharose 4B and melatonin in human serum is isolated by affinity chromatography, thereby avoiding the time-consuming extractions by organic solvents. A detection limit of 1.9 pg (8.2 X 10(-15) mol) melatonin is achieved. The antibody specificity has been analysed and none of the common melatonin analogues influence this method of melatonin measurement. PMID- 715372 TI - Megathrombocytopenia associated with glomerulonephritis, deafness and aortic cystic medianecrosis. AB - Macrothrombocytopenia associated with glomerulonephritis and deafness has only been reported in a few patients since it was first described in 1972. We present a patient with macrothrombocytopenia, glomerulonephritis, progressive uraemia and progressive sensorineural deafness associated with cystic medianecrosis of the ascending aorta and malformation of the aortic valves. The patient had consistently low platelet counts but no clinical signs of a defect haemostasis. The giant platelets were characterized by their size, averaging 11 micron in diameter, elaborate maze-like membrane formations, abundance of microtubules, and the total absence of very dense granules. PMID- 715373 TI - A syndrome of factor VII deficiency and abnormal platelet release reaction. AB - A 15-year-old girl with severe factor VII deficiency and chronic arthropathy showed an excessively prolonged bleeding time. Further studies demonstrated low platelet adhesiveness and abnormal platelet aggregation with ADP, collagen and epinephrine. Release of 14C-serotonin was deficient after aggregation with ADP and epinephrine, but was normal with thrombin. Transfusion of plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate resulted in a partial or complete correction of the bleeding time, respectively, but had no effect on in vitro platelet function tests. Both parents and the only sister had factor VII activities of 42%-72% and factor VII antigen levels of 45%-66% of normal and may thus be heterozygotes with respect to factor VII deficiency. All three had normal bleeding times in spite of abnormal in vitro platelet functions. The observations are interpreted to mean that in this family with factor VII deficiency and abnormal platelet release reaction the platelet abnormality as such was not sufficiently severe to prolong the bleeding time unless the factor VII activity was also very low. PMID- 715374 TI - Absorption from iron tablets given with different types of meals. AB - The absorption of iron from tablets given with 5 types of meals was studied in 153 subjects. The meals were: a hamburger meal with beans and potatoes, a simple breakfast meal, a Latin American meal composed of black beans, rice and maize and two Southeast Asian meals composed of rice, vegetables and spices served with and without fish. The groups were directly compared by relating the absorption from the iron tablets to the absorption from a standardized reference dose of iron given on an empty stomach. The composition of meals with respect to content of meat or fish or the presence of large amounts of phytates seemed to have no influence on the absorption of iron from tablets. The absorption from iron tablets was about 40% higher when they were given with rice meals than when they were given with the other meals studied. The average decrease in absorption by meals was about 50-60% based on a comparison when tablets were given on an empty stomach. When tablets from which the iron was released more slowly were used, the absorption increased by about 30% except when they were given with rice meals, where the absorption was unchanged. The differences among the meals in their effect on the absorption of iron from tablets thus disappeared when the slow release tablets were given. PMID- 715375 TI - Platelet accumulation in the myocardium during acute nonthrombotic coronary artery occlusion in dogs. AB - The distribution of labelled autologous platelets in the myocardium was studied in open-chest dogs following a nonthrombotic coronary artery occlusion. A significant accumulation of platelets occurred in the ischaemic and borderline ischaemic myocardium both 15 and 150 min after coronary artery occlusion, most pronounced after 150 min. The small platelet accumulation after 15-min ischaemia might be due to stasis of blood since a similar increase in labelled erythrocytes in that area was observed. The platelet trapping after 150 min most likely represents platelet aggregates. In spite of the marked increase in platelet trapping, the myocardial blood flow in the ischaemic area increased significantly from 15 to 150 min of myocardial ischaemia. It is concluded that the increased platelet trapping in the first hours following a nonthrombotic coronary artery occlusion was insufficient to impair coronary circulation. PMID- 715376 TI - Increased concentration of transcobalamin I in a patient with metastatic carcinoma of the breast. AB - A patient with metastatic carcinoma of the breast and increased plasma cobalamin binding capacity (about 50 nmol/1) is described. The binding protein was identified as transcobalamin I (TCI) by DEAE cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G200 gel filtration and agar gel electrophoresis. Although the total plasma cobalamin concentration (about 20 nmol/1) was elevated, the patient complained of neurological symptoms in accordance with a functional vitamin B12 deficiency. Hence, an inactivation of the coenzyme is suggested by the demonstration of considerable amounts of 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin bound to the plasma TCI. Both urinary excretion of FIGLU and methylmalonic acid were within the reference ranges. Reported cases of increased cobalamin binding in patients with nonhaematological malignancy are reviewed. Further investigations to characterize the function of the cobalamin dependent metabolic pathways are necessary to determine the importance of the increased transcobalamin binding in these patients. PMID- 715377 TI - Pre-morbid factors in Hodgkin's disease. I. Birth weight and growth pattern from 8 to 14 years of age. AB - The risk of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in young adults is correlated to height. This association indicates an etiologic factor acting during growth. Our aim was to evaluate the importance of growth pattern as a risk factor in HD. The register of records from the school health service of the Copenhagen Council was scrutinized in order to find Danes with HD born between 1930 and 1950. Whenever possible, three matched controls (comparable in respect to socio-economic status) were selected from the register for each case. The material consisted of 63 cases and 183 controls. Information regarding height, weight and birth weight was obtained from the school health records. The patients were taller than controls at 8, 10, 12 and 14 years of age. The birth weight was available in 33 cases and 99 controls, and was higher in the former (median 3.50 kg) than in the latter (median 3.30 kg) (P less than 0.01). Our findings suggest the existence of either a risk factor associated with rapid growth or a protective factor connected with slow growth, effective even before birth. PMID- 715378 TI - Bone marrow studies in myelomatosis. AB - The percentage of fat-cell areas in bone marrow particles from 22 patients with untreated myelomatosis was estimated. In only 1 patient was the mean fat cell area below 25% of the bone marrow area measured. A negative correlation was found between the area of fat cells and plasma cells, indicating a displacement of the fat cell area by the plasma cells. 28% of the patients had empty bone marrow deposits of iron. However, based on a normal iron saturation of S-transferrin and a normal sideroblast count in the bone marrow, the supply of iron to the erythropoiesis was considered sufficient. All patients but one had normoblastic bone marrows. Using a deoxyuridine suppression test in 10 patients, no biochemical defect could be demonstrated. To judge from the correlation coefficient a minor degree (9-14%) of the variation in Hb values could be predicted from the cellularity in the bone marrow while a major degree (70%) could be predicted from the renal glomerular filtration rate. The results do not support a displacement of blood-forming elements, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency to be of general significance in the pathogenesis of anaemia, but agrees with a causal relationship between anaemia and renal failure. PMID- 715379 TI - DNA synthesis in subpopulations of blood mononuclear leucocytes in human subjects after vaccination against yellow fever. AB - After vaccination of five volunteers with yellow fever live vaccine, blood mononuclear cells were isolated and labelled with 3H-thymidine at intervals. DNA synthesis was measured by scintillation counting and autoradiography of rosetted cells. Rosetting with sheep erythrocytes (E-RFC) identified T cells, and such erythrocytes coated with IgM antibodies and complement (EAC-RFC) identified B cells and monocytes. DNA synthesis in the total mononuclear cell fraction, as well as in subfractions enriched in or deprived of E-RFC, displayed a sharp increase on day 10--11 after vaccination, remained high on day 13--14, and then returned to the prevaccination level. There was a corresponding morphological transformation, measured by size distribution and number of nucleoli per cell. The major fraction of DNA-synthesizing cells before, during and after the peak of activity was found among non-rosette-forming cells. However, during the activity peak the numbers and proportion of DNA-synthesizing E-RFC were increased while the response with regard to EAC-RFC was not obvious. Thus within a complex cellular response a transient T-cell response was identified. PMID- 715380 TI - Sensitivity to glucocorticoids of lymph node cells stimulated in vivo by oxazolone. AB - Sensitization of B10.A mice with oxazolone results in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and a two to three-fold increase in the weight of regional lymph nodes by the third day. Hydrocortisone treatment of the animals 3 days after sensitization suppresses the manifestation of DTH on the tenth day but not on the seventieth day and significantly decreases the weight of lymph nodes both in control and oxazolone-sensitized mice. The regional lymph node cells of oxazolone-stimulated mice were, like the controls, sensitive to dexamethasone in vitro, as judged by viability and thymidine incorporation. Dexamethasone binding capacity of the regional lymph node cells 72 h after oxazolone sensitization increased. However, the dissociation constant for dexamethasone, the binding specificity, and the nuclear transfer of the hormone were not altered. Since high doses of hydrocortisone given 3 days after sensitization were unable to erase permanently the DTH to oxazolone, it seems very likely that cells responsible for the immunological memory survive the high dose of hydrocortisone. PMID- 715381 TI - HBsAg positive adopted children as a cause of intrafamilial spread of hepatitis B. AB - About 5% of the children adopted to Sweden from mostly India and Korea are chronic carriers of HBsAg. Most of them are also e-antigen positive. In this investigation 12 families with such children have been studied to evaluate the infectivity risk. Out of 36 family members 5 have had clinical hepatitis, another 2 were HBsAg positive without clinical symptoms and 15 had anti-HBs. It seems clear that these children are a source of infection and all children adopted from countries with high prevalence of hepatitis B should be screened to be able to define the risk group. PMID- 715382 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with meningococcal infection: laboratory diagnosis and prognostic factors. AB - In 36 patients with meningococcal infection a close association between the laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and unfavourable prognostic factors was established. Patients with platelet count lessthan 100000/microliter, Normotest lessthan 50% and plasma fibrinogen concentration less than 100 mg/dl had a serious prognosis. No significant differences could be extablished between patients with infection from serogroup A and B meningococci for either laboratory evidence of DIC or prognostic factors. PMID- 715383 TI - Bacterial endocarditis. I. A prospective study of etiology, underlying factors and foci of infection. AB - In a prospective clinical and bacteriological study of 192 consecutive patients with septicemia admitted during the period 1967--1971 to a hospital for infectious diseases, 31 cases of proved (group I) and 10 with probably (group II) bacterial endocarditis were observed and analysed with regard to a variety of factors. The incidence of bacterial endocarditis was 3 per 1 000 admissions. The mean age of the patients was 52.6 years; there was no sex predominance. In about one third of the patients apparently normal valves were involved. Underlying non cardiac factors were present in two thirds, even in younger age groups, in which chronic alcoholism and intravenous drug abuse were frequent. Secondary manifestations from various organs were noted in about three quarters of the patients, in one quarter already on admission. alpha-Hemolytic streptococci and staphylococci were most commonly isolated, followed by gram-negative enteric rods, beta-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, and pneumococci. A probable portal of entry could be assumed in 80% of the patients and could often be related to the type of bacteria involved. In some cases, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures preceded the disease. A subacute course of the endocarditis was observed in one third of the patients and all these had alpha hemolytic streptococci or enterococci. The aortic and mitral valves were equally often involved and equally often infected by alpha-hemolytic streptococci. In 4 patients, 3 of whom were drug addicts, the tricuspid valve was probably involved; all were infected by staphylococci. In one case autopsy revealed a mural endocarditis. PMID- 715384 TI - Antibiotic concentrations in saliva of purulent parotitis. AB - In patients with unilateral acute purulent parotitis treated with penicillin and doxycycline the antibiotic concentration was determined in plasma and saliva from both the healthy and the affected parotid gland. The results show that the penicillin concentrations in purulent saliva of the diseased gland is considerably higher than in non-purulent saliva of the healthy parotid gland. There was no such marked difference in concentrations of doxycycline. The possible mechanisms behind these observations are discussed as are the conclusions that can be drawn concerning treatment of acute purulent and chronic recurrent parotitis. PMID- 715385 TI - Trichosporon cutaneum endocarditis. AB - A 61-year-old man with Trichosporon cutaneum (T. cutaneum) prosthetic valve endocarditis is reported. He had had an aortic valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease 3 years earlier. Onset of the valve infection was subacute. A systolic murmur was noted on admission. Subsequently, he developed conjunctival hemorrhages, hematuria and transient episodes of confusion, aphasia and cranial nerve palsies. Three of 17 blood cultures taken over 3 weeks were positive for T. cutaneum. He was given amphotericin B (AmB) and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC); T. cutaneum infection of prosthetic aortic valve was identified. The aortic valve was replaced. Postoperatively he developed refractory ventricular fibrillation and died. Striking synergy to AmB-5FC and AmB-rifampin combinations was demonstrated in vitro. PMID- 715386 TI - Meningitis and bacteremia caused by Pasteurella ureae. Report of a case following intracranial surgery. AB - An otherwise healthy 53-year-old woman underwent intracranial surgery for trigeminal neuralgia. One week later she developed meningitis and bacteremia caused by Pasteurella ureae and was treated successfully with antimicrobials. This organism is known to colonize the respiratory tract in certain individuals and is an extremely rare cause of meningitis or bacteremia. This is the first reported case of bacteremia in an adult. PMID- 715387 TI - Mechanics of shoulder locomotor system during exercises resisted by weight-and pulley-circuit. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate how different ways of using a weight-and-pulley-circuit (wpc) influence the mechanics of a joint with adjacent muscles. A formula for the resisting moment with respect to a joint was developed and used in a computer model. The resistive effect of various modes of application of the wpc was calculated. It is shown how the resisting moment is influenced by changes of the following factors: 1) Angle between the horizontal plane and a line between joint and pulley (height of position of pulley); 2) Distance between joint and pulley; 3) Weight applied to the rope of the wpc; 4) Weight of the limb. PMID- 715388 TI - Shoulder muscle EMG and resisting moment during diagonal exercise movements resisted by weight-and-pulley-circuit. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate which muscles contract (and to what extent) during diagonal shoulder movements resisted by a weight-and-pulley circuit and the relationship between the calculated resisting moment of force and the maximum voluntary isometrical muscular moment. EMG, mechanical calculations and measurements of moments of force were used. With the resistance used in the study, flexion-abduction-external rotation (FLABER) highly activated all three parts of the deltoideus muscle and the infraspinatus. Flexion-adduction-external rotation (FLADER) highly activated the anterior and middle parts of the deltoideus, infraspinatus and moderately the sternocostal part of the pectoralis major. Extension-abduction-internal rotation (EXABIR) highly activated the posterior deltoideus and moderately the latissimus dorsi. Extension-adduction internal rotation (EXADIR) highly activated the sternocostal part of the pectoralis major. PMID- 715389 TI - Overexertion injuries in keep-fit athletes. A study on overexertion injuries among non-competitive keep-fit athletes. AB - During three years, 274 exertion injuries in middle-aged keep-fit athletes were collected. A keep-fit athlete was a person, who regularly took part in noncompetitive sports activities. Exertion injury was a nontraumatic pain syndrome in the musculo-skeletal system. In the material, there were 35 women and 239 men. Most of them were 30--39 years old. Most exertion injuries took place in July, August, and September. About 80% of the patients were joggers. 80% of them had been training regularly for more than one year. At the moment of occurence of the symptoms, 68% of the patients trained 3--5 times a week. Joggers ran approx. 40 km/week. About 30% of the injuries took place in the knee, 24% in the ankle, heel and foot, 17% in the leg, and 9% in the achilles tendon. Almost one fifth of the pain syndromes were chronic in nature. The majority responded well to rest and to conservative treatment. Fifteen cases were treated surgically. Most of the exertion injuries were typical exertion syndromes seen also in competitive athletes. Others were degenerative changes, organic anomalies etc., which revealed their first symptoms during regular keep-fit activities. PMID- 715390 TI - Employability and exercise ECG in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 715391 TI - The influence of total hip replacement on selected activities of daily living and on the use of domestic aid. AB - The effect of total hip replacement (McKee-Farrar and Brunswik prostheses) on selected activities of daily living and on the use of domestic aid in these activities was evaluated by interviewing 539 patients operated on. The mean age of the patients was 64.7 years and the mean follow-up time 4.2 years. After eliminating other diseases affecting mobility, a "proper" series of 294 patients was obtained. There was marked improvement in all activities. Walking ability was limited in 95% before and in 12% after the operation. The proportion of those unable to clean their homes decreased from 67% to 16%, to shop from 46% to 10%, to tie their shoes from 75% to 29%, to pull on stockings from 43% to 3% and to dress in other ways from 30% to 1%. The proportion of patients who were able to take care of themselves increased from 21% to 62%. The reliability of the interview was tested by comparing some objective observations with the information given by the patients. Thus a correlation was observed between the ability to walk and shop on the one hand, and pull on stockings and the flexion range of the hip, on the other. PMID- 715392 TI - The immediate effect of lumbar sympathectomy on arterial blood flow measured by electromagnetic flowmetry. AB - The immediate effect of lumbar sympathectomy on arterial blood flow was studied in 51 patients with peripheral arterial disease by means of electromagnetic flowmetry. Concomitant arterial reconstruction was performed in 37 cases. The measurement was made on the reconstructed segment or on the bypass graft, and on the femoral artery when sympathectomy alone was performed. The flow increase varied considerably from case to case and was rather unpredictable. There was no significant correlation between the effect of sympathectomy and peripheral arterial disease or the condition of the outflow tract. Thus, on the basis of these measurements, it is difficult to determine the significance of lumbar sympathectomy as a method of increasing blood flow. PMID- 715393 TI - Raynaud's phenomenon in arterial obstructive disease of the hand demonstrated by locally provoked cooling. AB - Finger systolic blood pressure (FSP) was measured by cuff technique before and after local cooling in three groups of patients (Raynaud's disease (7), subclavian stenoses, (5), thrombo-angiitis obliterans (15)), and in 15 normals. The response to finger cooling registered as a decrease in FSP indicates an increase of digital arterial tone. In all three groups, digital arterial tone increased more than in normals during finger cooling. Patients with Raynaud's disease showed a pathological increase in arterial tone at 23.5 degrees C with closure of the digital arteries at a mean temperature of 18.5 degrees C. The temperature eliciting these phenomena in patients with thrombo-angiitis obliterans was about 7 degrees C lower (16.5 and 11.0 degrees C, respectively). Accordingly, cold sensitivity and Raynaud's phenomena in the two groups may have a different pathophysiological mechanism, namely a pathological arterial tone in Raynaud's disease vs. a normal arterial tone in obliterative diseases acting on a narrow vessel. PMID- 715394 TI - Renal artery reconstruction in renovascular hypertension. AB - Over a period of 8 years, 52 patients (31 females and 21 males) between 12 and 59 years of age (mean age 40 years) underwent renal artery reconstruction for correction of renovascular hypertension. Five patients were operated on bilaterally. A thoracoretroperitoneal approach was chosen at 48 of 57 renal artery reconstructions. The most used types of arterial reconstruction were thrombendarterectomy and vein patch, resection of the stenosis and end-to-end anastomosis, vein patch only or aortorenal vein bypass. No early or late nephrectomies were performed. These was no operative mortality, but 3 late deaths occurred. Twenty-two patients were normotensive postoperatively, 20 were improved and there were 10 failures. The follow-up time as 1--8 years. The blood pressures were measured after withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs for at least 10 days. The best predictable criterion for normotension was a positive renin test with a renin ratio of 1.5 or more. The normotensive patients were in the younger age group with a shorter duration of known hypertension and had mainly fibromuscular hyperplasia. PMID- 715395 TI - Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung report of a case. AB - The case history of male child is reported. At the ages of five and fifteen months he suffered attacks, of left upper lobar pneumonia. When ninteen months old, he underwent a lobectomy because of persistent air trapping in this lobe, accompanied by mediastinal displacement to the right side. He has since made a good recovery. From the pathological findings, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was diagnosed. Various aspects of this rare condition are discussed. PMID- 715396 TI - Platypnoea after pneumonectomy caused by a combination of intracardiac right-to left shunt and hypovolaemia. Relief of symptoms on restitution of blood volume. AB - A patient developed platypnoea about a month after pneumonectomy. The symptoms proved to be due to a combination of an atrial right-to-left shunt and hypovolaemia. Blood volume substitution did not change the direction of the shunt, but the symptoms were relieved. The physiological background to this may be a less pronounced venous desaturation and thereby a less marked influence of the shunt on the arterial oxygen saturation. PMID- 715397 TI - Lung split function test and pneumonectomy. A lower limit for operability. AB - Regional 133Xe ventilation/perfusion studies were used to predict residual lung function after pulmonary resections. The accuracy of the method was good as checked by postoperative spirometry in 11 patients. In 25 patients with impaired lung function and pulmonary cancer, who were consecutively selected for surgery, the predicted postoperative maximal breathing capacities (MBC) ranged from 17 to 41 l/min-1 m-2. No patients became permanent pulmonary invalids. One patient died from myocardial infarction, 7 had transient pulmonary insufficiency and 17 patients survived operation without complications. Perfusion studies alone proved as reliable as perfusion/ventilation studies. PMID- 715398 TI - The treatment of oesophageal perforations. PMID- 715399 TI - Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Early and late results in 86 patients. AB - A series of 86 infants (54 boys and 32 girls) with congenital oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula underwent operation during the years 1952--76. The operative technique is described. The average survival rate was 45%, increasing to 56% during the last 10 years. With correction for low birth weight and associated congenital anomalies, the survival rate is considerably increased, in our series to 73%. In most of the fatal cases, the causes of death were suture leakage, pulmonary complications and associated anomalies. Among the 36 survivors, 19 became free from symptoms and 19 had a radiographic stricture, but in the latter group dysphagia was present in only 13, including 10 who required repeated dilatation with a Fogarthy balloon catheter. It is emphasized that correct and early diagnosis and meticulous pre- and postoperative care are of the greatest importance if the cure rate is to be improved further. PMID- 715400 TI - Circulatory adaptation after mitral valve replacement. A clinical study peroperatively and in the early postoperative period. PMID- 715401 TI - Haemodynamic effects of ethanol immediately after open-heart surgery of the mitral valve. A clinical study peroperatively and in the early postoperative period. PMID- 715402 TI - The improved Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis. AB - The Bjork-Shiley valve has been improved in three respects: (1) Increased strength by making the inlet strut an integral part of the orifice ring and doubling its cross-section area; (2) Improved hydrodynamics; (3) Elimination of the area of stagnant and low flow behind the disc. By utilizing a convexo-concave disc and by moving the pivot point downstream, the disc in open position is moved further out of the orifice ring. The flow through the smaller hole is thus increased by 40%. A significant clearance is obtained between the disc and the valve ring in open position. 234 of these valves have been inserted and followed up for a maximum period of two years with excellent results. PMID- 715403 TI - Closed mitral valvulotomy after the age of fifty. AB - This retrospective study is based upon a consecutive series of 90 patients with mitral stenosis who had their first closed mitral valvulotomy after the age of fifty. All patients were operated on during the period 1959--70 and were followed up for at least 5 years until July 1, 1976. Calculated survival curves were compared with those of a group of 68 patients over fifty whose mitral stenosis was medically treated. The surgical mortality was 7.8%, largely due to the high mortality among patients in functional class IV. The late mortality rate after valvulotomy was significantly higher than in a matched population of the same age and sex, but significantly lower than in the medically treated patients. According to functional classification, the patients had improved markedly at the time of follow-up. High incidences of atrial fibrillation and late thromboembolic complications were noted. This study supports the view that closed mitral valvulotomy can be performed safely in patients over fifty with mitral stenosis without significant mitral regurgitation and heavy clacifications in functional classes II and III. PMID- 715404 TI - Long-term results of bypass grafts for atypical coarctation of the thoracic aorta. AB - Long-term results of bypass grafts for atypical coarctation of the thoracic aorta are presented. Six of the 13 patients with atypical coarctation were treated with long bypass from the descending thoracic aorta to the abdominal aorta. One of them had correction of right renal stenosis with a saphenous vein graft. Late clinical results of surgery (average follow-up time 4 years, 5 months and the longest over 10 years) were excellent, except for one patient who died 3 1/2 years postoperatively of acute abdomen. This experience suggests that atypical coarctation of the aorta can be treated satisfactorily by the long thoraco abdominal bypass graft technique. If unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis is found simultaneously, renal revascularization is also necessary to obtain normalization of the blood pressures. PMID- 715405 TI - [The dissecting of aortic aneurysm]. AB - In the light of the literature and a critical analysis of the author's own results, guidelines for therapy of aortic dissection from the surgical viewpoint are recommended. In cases of dissection of the ascending aorta, surgery should be performed as soon as possible. Only in special cases without complications can surgery be delayed with pump team standby. In uncomplicated cases of dissection of the descending thoracic aorta, medical therapy appears to be the method of choice. Some life-threatening situations render surgery inevitable. Surgical treatment of dissection of the aortic arch is indicated only on an ultima ratio basis. PMID- 715406 TI - [Conservative and surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm]. AB - 34 patients with aneurysms of the ascending and descending thoracic aorta are analyzed with regard to treatment (surgical, n = 23, or conservative, n = 11) and survival. In 17 patients the aneurysm was true and in 17 dissecting (acute in 3, chronic in 14). Mean age, sex, symptoms, main clinical data and the relation between true and dissecting aneurysm were comparable in both groups. Conservative treatment was commenced either due to contraindications (4 patients) or in the absence of an immediate life-threatening situation ( n = 7). At the end of 1977 (mean survival time 27 months), 5 of 11 patients were still alive, 3 unable to work and 2 suffering from severe cardiac failure (class IV NYHA). In 23 patients resection of the aneurysm with graft interposition or angioplasty (n = 19), aortic valve replacement (n = 18) and coronary reconstruction (n = 10) was performed. Intrahospital mortality was 50% (12 of 23), but survival was favorable, 8 patients being alive 37 months after surgery, 7 of them at work. The problem of the diagnosis and treatment of both dissecting and non-dissecting thoracic aneurysms is discussed. PMID- 715407 TI - [Long-term minoxidil therapy: renin, aldosterone, noradrenaline and the need for beta blockers]. AB - Minoxidil-induced sequential changes in plasma renin activity, urinary aldosterone and norepinephrine excretion were assessed in 11 patients with severe hypertension receiving propranolol or oxprenolol, chlorthalidone and spironolactone. Blood pressure with this treatment alone averaged 175 +/- 7/114+/ 4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM). Addition of minoxidil in a dose of 5 to 35 mg/day (mean 16 mg/day) reduced blood pressure within one week to 125+/-5/87+/-3 mm Hg. Plasma renin, urinary aldosterone and norepinephrine increased two- to threefold initially, but returned to baseline within two weeks and remained unchanged during a mean follow-up of 6.8 months. In 6 patients beta-blocking drugs were then progressively reduced and withdrawn without adverse effects, though blood pressure and heart rate increased slightly in 5 patients who required readministration of minimal doses of beta-blockers. Neither renin nor urinary aldosterone or norepinephrine excretion changed significantly after discontinuation of beta-blockade. Thus, the stimulating effect of minoxidil on renin, aldosterone and norepinephrine secretion lasts less than 3 weeks. With long-term minoxidil treatment the need for beta-blockade is markedly reduced, and these drugs may even become unnecessary in some patients. PMID- 715408 TI - [Nuclear medical determination of the ejection fraction and the regional wall movements of the left ventricle]. AB - Left ventricular ejection fraction was determined in 114 patients by radionuclide and contrast angiocardiography. The correlation coefficient (r) amounted to 0.66. Exclusion of patients with arrhythmias and with a difference in heart rate exceeding 15 beats per minute between the two determinations of the ejection fraction increased r to 0.80 (61 patients). In patients with coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathies (n = 35), r was higher (0.88) than in patients (n = 26) with acquired valve disease or congenital heart disease (0.60). Comparison of first pass radionuclide angiocardiography and gated blood pool scanning with contrast angiocardiography in 19 patients elicited an r-value of 0.82 for the first pass method and of 0.31 for gated blood pool scanning. Visual assessment of local wall motion by gated blood pool scanning in 15 patients showed agreement with cineangiographically quantitated segmental motion (normo-, hypo- or a kinesis) in 50 of 60 (= 83%) evaluated segments. PMID- 715409 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of chronic coronary stenoses. First experiences]. AB - The technique of percutaneous transluminal dilatation of coronary artery stenosis consists of a catheter system introduced via the femoral artery under local anesthesia. A preshaped guiding catheter is positioned in the orifice of the coronary artery and through this a dilatation catheter is inserted into the branches if the artery. This dilatation catheter (outer diameter 0.5--1.25 mm) is equipped with a sausage-shaped distensible segment (balloon) at the tip. The balloon is inflated to a pressure of 5 atm. This pressure compresses the atherosclerotic material in a direction perpendicular to the wall of the vessel, therby dilating the lumen. Up to now 29 patients have been treated with primary success in 23 (79%) and long-lasting success in 21 (72%). Three patients underwent emergency coronary surgery to avoid infarction. Dilatation is indicated in patients with disabling angina which jeopardizes their quality of life and with coronary lesions which are proximal, subtotal, concentric and non-calcified. PMID- 715410 TI - [Left ventricular function in patients with coronary disease before and during ergometry]. PMID- 715411 TI - [Severely increased plasma catecholamine values in myocardial infarct with ventricular fibrillation; doubling during intensive care monitoring]. PMID- 715412 TI - [Experimental coronary ligation in swine: reduction of myocardial infarct and hemodynamic and metabolic changes by means of the calcium antagonist RO 11-1781]. AB - In a comparative study the effect of the new calcium antagonist Ro 11-1781 on experimental infarct size and left ventricular function in the pig has been investigated. The calcium antagonist was administered 30 min prior to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and twice daily on the following 4 days. For morphometric assessment of infarct size the ventricular myocardium was cut into slices and stained with nitro-benztoluene. There was a significant reduction in infarct size of about 25% in the calcium antagonist-treated group in comparison with the control group. After coronary occlusion left ventricular function is equally depressed in both groups, as is myocardial lactate extraction, which becomes negative. PMID- 715413 TI - [Immediate and long-term prognosis of sub-endocardial infarct]. AB - A comparison is conducted of two groups of patients with myocardial infarction: one group of 77 patients with subendocardial myocardial infarction (SEMI) and another of 166 patients with transmural myocardial infarction (TMI). In-hospital mortality, ventricular arrhythmias and a-v blocks are higher in TMI. Late follow up (mean: 43 months) shows, however, that after discharge SEMI shows a higher mortality and more angina and recurrences of myocardial infarction that TMI. These results, and the ECG localization of the MI recurrences, suggest that SEMI usually reflects severe coronary artery disease. PMID- 715415 TI - [Short and long-term prognosis of intraventricular conduction disorders in the acute stage of myocardial infarct]. AB - The short- and long-term prognosis of acute intraventricular (iv) conduction defects is analyzed in 59 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction. In-hosptial mortality of patients with iv conduction disturbances was more than twice (30%) the mortality of patients without iv conduction defects (13%; p less than 0.001). Mortality was very high among patients with all forms of incomplete trifascicular block or complete right bundle branch block. Among survivors of the group with conduction defects, the late death rate was significantly higher than in survivors of the group without conduction disturbances (25% and 8% respectively: p less than 0.001). The short- and long-term prognosis of acute conduction defects in myocardial infarction depends on the extent of necrosis. Permanent endocardial pacing is therefore indicated only among patients whose death risk is related to conduction disturbances. PMID- 715414 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmias in the acute stage of experimental swine myocardial infarct; effect of the beta blocker pindolol and the calcium antagonist Ro 11 1781]. AB - A study was designed to examine ventricular arrhythmias in the acute phase of experimental myocardial infarction in the pig and to evaluate possible antiarrhythmogenic influence of the beta-adrenergic blocking drug pindolol (Visken) and the calcium antagonist Ro 11-1781. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 17 of 18 animals, in 4 almost immediately after coronary occlusion and in 12 with a delay of about 17 min. VF was almost always induced by episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) which were started by single ventricular premature beats (VPBs). VPBs occurred in 3 phases, whereas VT and VF coincided only with phase 1 and phase 3. The prematurity index QR/QT of single VPBs decreased significantly with time after coronary occlusion. The beta-adrenergic blocking drug pindolol and the calcium antagonist Ro 11-1781 did not prevent VT or VF. PMID- 715416 TI - [Long-term prognosis of pacemaker therapy in acute myocardial infarct with arrhythmias]. AB - The short- and long-term results of provisional pacemaker therapy in fresh myocardial infarction have been investigated. In this cardiac unit in the period 1975--1977 provisional pacemakers were implanted in 48 patients due to severe conduction disturbance or sinus node syndrome with non-tolerated heart failure. 16 patients had bifascicular block (11 anterior, 3 diaphragmatic, and 2 non localizable infarctions): in 9 (56%) of them, progression to complete AV block occurred. 27 patients exhibited AV block of 2nd to 3rd degree without evidence of fascicular blockades (21 diaphragmatic, 3 anterior, and 3 non-localizable infarctions). In 5 patients, sinus node dysfunction was the reason for pacemaker implantation. Hospital mortality in the group was 31.2% and thus was twice as high as the hospital mortality in all patients hospitalized in this unit with myocardial infarction during the same period (16.5%). The hospital mortality in patients with anterior infarction was 57.2% compared with a mortality of 16.7% in patients with diaphragmatic infarction. Late mortality (18 months after myocardial infarction) in the group was 46.8%. None of the patients with diaphragmatic infarction died during this observation period. In the patient group with anterior infarction, the mortality rose to 85.8%. Of the 14 patients who died in hospital, death in 12 was due to severe heart failure: neither bradycardic nor tachycardic arrhythmias were immediate factors in death. At autopsy, all patients exhibited severe coronary sclerosis with extensive myocardial infarction. Only 2 patients died from arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation/asystole). In 6 of the 34 survivors, a definitive pacemaker was implanted. 3 of these patients died in the first year after the myocardial infarction. Death was sudden in all three. PMID- 715417 TI - [Adjustment of unstable diabetics with a simple insulin infusion program]. AB - In view of the importance of knowing exactly how much insulin is required by diabetics who are difficult to control with subcutaneous insulin, an insulin infusion program has been tried in such patients. The apparatus, which was produced by Siemens as a prototype, works according to the following simple and flexible principle: During the day a basal rate of insulin is continuously infused. During the three main meals an additional rectangular insulin infusion is initiated by turning a knob. After an hour the apparatus switches automatically back to the basal ratio. We have used this machine in 13 patients who are fully mobile. 11 of them showed an almost ideal blood sugar profile after 4 days. After switching back to subcutaneous insulin 8 of these 11 patients did better than before but not as well as on the insulin infusion program. PMID- 715418 TI - [The antigenicity of various new chromatographically purified depot insulin preparations]. AB - Four groups of adult diabetics who had never received insulin before were treated for 10--12 months with the following insulin preparations: 1. Insulin Lente, purified by conventional methods; 2. Insulin Lente, purified by gel-filtration; 3. Insulin Lente Monocomponent (MC); 4. Insulin Monotard. Insulin antibodies were measured in these four groups at regular intervals and compared. MC Lente is significantly less antigenic than conventional Lente insulin, but Monotard, a pure pork insulin preparation, is even less antigenic than MC Lente (all 3 Lente preparations contain 70% ox insulin). The average insulin requirement in the Monotard group is significantly lower than in the conventional Lente group. PMID- 715419 TI - [Selective neurectomies in hemifacial spasm: an anatomo-pathologic discovery]. AB - Today the treatment of choice in hemifacial palsy is selective neurectomy of the branches of the facial nerve. Palliative surgery has improved experience in the treatment of facial palsy. An anatomical finding is reported which could contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of facial spasm. PMID- 715420 TI - [Agranulocytosis and intravenous cloxacillin]. AB - Two patients receiving parenteral cloxacillin treatment developed agranulocytosis. Upon discontinuation of the drug, the number of leukocytes rapidly returned to normal. It is likely that an immunologic mechanism may be implicated in this drug-induced blood dyscrasia. PMID- 715421 TI - [Computer tomography]. PMID- 715422 TI - [Should heparin be combined with dihydroergotamine for the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications]. PMID- 715423 TI - [Lactacidosis in biguanide therapy: diagnosis and therapy. 4 cases compared to 179 cases in the world literature]. AB - In 4 out of 9711 (= 1:2400) patients, lactice acidosis due to biguanides was diagnosed. Serum lactate concentration averaged 18.2 mmol/l and the pH value 6.87. All patients showed signs of renal insufficiency and three had congestive heart disease. In addition to treatment with biguanides, other factors might have contributed to the lactice acidosis in these patients: prolonged fasting, severe dehydration due to persistent vomiting, acute bronchopneumonia, and acute pyelonephritis. On addmission, two patients were in shock and all patients were semi-conscious or comatose. All patients were treated with bicarbonate and glucose/insulin. One patient was hemodialysed. Two of our four patients died. Oour four patients are compared with 179 patients in the literature with respect to mortality and prognosis of lactic acidosis due to biguanides. PMID- 715424 TI - [Renovascular hypertension: therapy by means of percutaneous transluminal dilatation of renal artery stenoses]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation was performed in 5 patients with unilateral atherosclerotic renovascular disease and one patient with occlusion of a renal artery. Hemodynamic activity of the stenosis was documented by determination of pre- and poststenotic blood pressure values and by measurement of renal plasma flow. Flowing transluminal dilatation all patients showed a significant drop in blood pressure and antihypertensive treatment could be reduced or even discontinued. Only one patient became hypertensive again 3 months after the dilatation procedure. In this patient both the reduction of renal plasma flow and the delayed nephrographic effect on the stenotic side in the intravenous urogram were interpreted as symptoms of a recurrence of significant renal artery stenosis. In 2 of the six patients with impaired kidney function glomerula filtration are increased, as documented by a decrease in serum creatinine values. The results show that percutaneous transluminal dilatation may be a valuable method in the management of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 715425 TI - [Total proteins and electrophoretic protein fractions in the juvenile cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - In the CSF of 933 children and young people, total protein (T.P.) and the protein fractions (separated by electrophoresis were found to be definitely dependent on the age of the child, both in patients and normal controls. The highest values of T.P. are found in the first weeks of life. A steep decrease to the lowest values in the second to third year is followed by a slow increase over the next decade until the adult range is reached at the age of about 15 years. Because of the immature blood-CSF barrier and/or blood-brain barrier, the protein fractions of the newborn show a transsudative electrophoresis pattern with high albumin and gamma-globulin, but low prealbumin. Some weeks later, the pattern has completely changed: a transient elevation of beta 1-globulin, followed by elevation of the prealbumin and the alpha 2-fractions, is correlated with a decrease in the albumin, tau- and gamma-globulin fractions. At the age of 12--16 years, adult conditions are nearly reached. When children with various neurological diseases are compared with normal controls of identical age, the pattern of deviations is generally very similar to that observed in adults with the same diseases. PMID- 715426 TI - [Auricular fibrillation and acute aortic insufficienncy in Reiter's syndrome]. AB - The case is presented of a 27-year old male with typical Reiter's sundrome (RS) and cardiac lesions. Eight months after the initial onset of the joint and mucosal symptoms, atrial fibrillation and signs of cardiac failure suddenly supervened. Rheumatic fever, hyperthyroidism and myocardial infarction were ruled out. Digitalization and Valsalva maneuvers produced a return to normal sinus rhythm. At the same time a diastolic murmur was heard and the diastolic pressure fell to 40 mm Hg, suggesting acute aortic insufficiency. This carditis was attributed to RS. The evolution was favourable, although a mild degree of aortic insufficiency persisted. PMID- 715427 TI - [Salivary electrolytes, digitalis glycosides and cardiac insufficiency]. AB - In a group of 29 patients treated with digoxin for cardiac failure, only 16 showed increased calcium and potassium concentrations in saliva. There was no correlation in the 29 patients between serum digoxin levels and concentrations of salivary electrolytes. On the other hand, in 4 normal subjects treated with digoxin no change in salivary electrolytes was noted. It is concluded that modifications in salivary electrolytes seen in patients with cardiac failure treated with digitalis are not due to this drug. However, a retrospective clinical study showed a good correlation between clinical signs of cardiac failure and increased levels of salivary calcium, potassium and CaX Kproduct. It is suggested that this phenomenon is due to the well-known adrenergic stimulation in patients with cardiac failure. PMID- 715428 TI - [Hepatobiliary scintigraphy: a functional test]. AB - 99mTc-diethyl-HIDA selective captation by hepatocytes and rapid excretion into bile provides a scintigraphic imaging of liver, biliary system and gall bladder. Substance blood clearance and liver half-life measurements add quantitative information on liver function. Normal, cirrhotic and jaundiced patients with extrahepatic obstruction were studied and each group showed significant characteristics. Through non-invasive biliary system visualization and liver function evaluation, hepatobiliary scintigraphy has its place as a complementary investigation in hepatology. PMID- 715429 TI - [Liver tumors and oral contraceptives]. AB - Benign liver cell tumors in young women are reported with increasing frequency. An association between benign tumors and oral contraceptive use was first suggested in 1973 by Janet Baum. During the past ten years we have observed 15 benign liver cell tumors, all of the focal nodular hyperplasia type. Ten of the 15 women were taking or had taken oral contraceptives. This association was found not to be statistically significant (0.06 greater than p greater than 0.05). We also diagnosed 2 liver cell carcinomas in women who had taken contraceptives. PMID- 715430 TI - [Radio-immunologic measurement of trypsin in chronic pancreatitis. Preliminary results]. PMID- 715431 TI - [Occult blood in feces--a prospective study for the comparison of Hemoccult and Fecatest]. AB - Stool samples of 150 unselected patients were tested for occult blood by the Haemoccult test and the Fecatest. The results show that the Haemoccult test is more suitable for screening for cancerous and precancerous colonic lesions than the Fecatest. Less than 10% of the patients had positive stool samples with the Haemoccult test, while bleedings lesions were subsequently found in about 2/3 of the cases. In contrast, the Fecatest was positive in 50% and in 70% after storage. These findings show clearly that the Fecatest cannot be recommended for the screening of colonic tumors. PMID- 715432 TI - [How effective are simple laboratory tests (Hb, BSG) in the early diagnosis of stomach neoplasms]. AB - Up to now only early resection has proven of value in healing gastric carcinoma. It is therefore mandatory that the pathologic lesion be diagnosed as early as possible. Thus, patients with persistent epigastric complaints under symptomatic treatment should undergo endoscopy even if blood parameters are still within normal limits. The fact that, among all our gastric cancers diagnosed in 1977 by endoscopy, 23% were classified as early cancers indicates that the method is well suited to establishing true early diagnosis. PMID- 715433 TI - [Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy with IGA deficiency]. AB - Case report of a 35-year-old female patient who was admitted in Addisonian crisis and in whom primary adrenal, ovarian and thyroid failure was detected. Antibodies against the adrenals and the thyroid were found, together with dinished serum IgA levels. The patient had been treated for 20 years with diphenylhydantoin, a drug known to induce immunological disturbances, e.g. depression of serum IgA levels. The IgA deficiency and pluriglandular failure may be due to prolonged therapy with diphenylhydantoin. The coincidence of IgA deficiency and autoimmune diseases is well known. As far as is known this is the first case of IgA deficiency associated with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy. PMID- 715434 TI - [Measurement of human body fat by means of gravimetry. Application of Archimedes' principle]. AB - The weighing of the human body under water is an application of Archimedes' law. Fat being lighter than water or than the structures of lean body mass, body fat can be measured by determining the specific gravity of the human body; that is, by underwater weighing. Body fat has been determined in an "ideal" sample of 14 men and 23 women, all aged 20 years. Testing against a reference measure of body fat makes it possible to test the validity of some anthropometric measurements and of some indices of obesity. These indices offer no advantages over anthropometric measurements. PMID- 715435 TI - [Folic acid and vitamin B 12 in chronic alcoholics]. AB - In 64 chronic alcoholics folic acid and vitamin B12 in plasma and folic acid in erythrocytes were determined. The mean values of folic acid in plasma and in erythrocytes were significantly below normal. The determination of vitamin B12 showed normal results in a group of 20 cases treated with vitamin B12 containing drugs, whereas in the group of untreated alcoholics significantly reduced values were found. Comparison of folic acid and vitamin B12 concentrations in plasma revealed a more frequent deficiency of folic acid than of vitamin B12, which was combined with anemia in half the alcoholics investigated. The need to treat chronic alcoholics with folic acid and vitamin B12 is pointed out. PMID- 715436 TI - Inhibition of nociceptive discharges of parafascicular neurons by direct electrical stimulation of nucleus centrum medianum. AB - Pain evoked unit discharges in the parafascicular nucleus could be inhibited by direct electrical stimulation of the centromedian nucleus of thalamus, with residual inhibitory effect lasting for several minutes after cessation of stimulation. The optimal frequency of stimulation for production of the inhibitory effect was found to be 4--8 pulses per second. The duration of inhibition following each stimulating pulse lasted for 100--170 msec. Analysis of oscillographic records shows that there exists before the onset of the inhibition of parafascicular discharges a latent period of 10--20 msec which far exceeds the time required for impulse conduction between the two closely related structures, suggesting that a long tortuous neuronal circuit is involved in elaboration and transmission of the inhibitory effect. PMID- 715437 TI - Gene dosage compensation and the evolution of sex chromosomes. AB - Dosage compensation is a mechanism by means of which the activity of X-linked or Z-linked genes is made equal in the two sexes of organisms with an XX compared to XY or ZZ compared to ZW basis of sex determination. In mammals, compensation is achieved by the inactivation of one X chromosome in somatic cells of females. In Drosophila, compensation does not involve inactivation. The two X chromosomes in females as well as the single X in males are regulated, and individual genes are thought to respond independently to the regulatory mechanism. It is proposed that in both groups of organisms the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes was gradual and occurred as the direct result of the evolution of dosage compensation rather than the reverse. PMID- 715438 TI - Final word on disputed mastectomies. PMID- 715439 TI - S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is an adenosine-binding protein: a target for adenosine toxicity. AB - When adenosine deaminase activity is inhibited, low concentrations of adenosine are toxic to human lymphoblast mutants that are unable to convert adenosine to intracellular nucleotides. In order to identify the mediator of this cytotoxicity, we searched for a cytoplasmic protein capable of binding adenosine with high affinity. Such a protein was identified in extracts of human lymphoblasts and placenta as the enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. PMID- 715440 TI - Entry of insulin into human cultured lymphocytes: electron microscope autoradiographic analysis. AB - Electron microscope autoradiographs were prepared of IM-9 human cultured lymphocytes incubated with iodine-125-labeled insulin. With the use of [125I]insulin and Ilford L-4 emulsion, the technique had a resolution half distance of approximately 0.085 micrometer. Autoradiographs revealed a time dependent entry of insulin into the cell interior that was maximal after 30 minutes of incubation. At this time point nearly 40 percent of the [125I]insulin was in the interior of the cell at a distance 1 micrometer or greater from the plasma membrane. Grain distribution and volume density analyses revealed that the intracellular insulin was concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane. PMID- 715441 TI - Growth of infective forms of Trypanosoma rhodesiense in vitro, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis. AB - A new approach to the culture of African trypanosomes led to the growth of the infective forms of the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis. Infective cultures of Trypanosoma rhodesiense were initiated and maintained in vitro on Chinese hamster lung cells. By changing daily one-third of the Hepes buffered RPMI 1640 medium containing 20 percent fetal bovine serum, the trypanosome numbers increased to 3 X 10(6) to 5 X 10(6) cells per milliliter. After 80 days in vitro at 37 degrees C, the cultured trypomastigotes are infective for mice and rats and morphologically similar to bloodstream trypomastigotes in having a subterminal kinetoplast and a surface coat. In addition, they possess L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, the predominant steady state terminal oxidase of bloodstream trypomastigotes. PMID- 715442 TI - Prolonged inhibition in burst firing neurons: synaptic inactivation of the slow regenerative inward current. AB - By using voltage clamping and microiontophoretic techniques, it has been found that the prolonged cholinergic and dopaminergic inhibition seen in Aplysia burst firing neurons occludes the inward current on which slow oscillations depend. It also mimics the temperature and ionic sensitivity of that inward current. This prolonged inhibition, which cannot be inverted and is insensitive to extracellular potassium changes, thus appears to result from a synaptically produced inactivation of the regenerative slow inward current underlying bursting. PMID- 715443 TI - Decrease in adrenergic axon sprouting in the senescent rat. AB - When the septal area in young adult rats is denervated by a lesion of the fimbria fornix, adrenergic fibers proliferate within the denervated area. The same operation performed on aged animals gives rise to a qualitatively similar but quantitatively less pronounced response. This reduction in reactive growth may reflect a decreased capacity of the aged brain to remodel its circuitry and restore lost function. PMID- 715444 TI - Center-surround organization of auditory receptive fields in the owl. AB - The spinal receptive fields of specialized auditory units in the midbrain of the barn owl (Tyto abla) contain two functionally antagonistic areas: an excitatory center and an inhibitory surround. The response of these units represents the balance of acoustic activation of the two areas, which in turn depends upon the location, intensity, and spectral content of the sound stimulus. PMID- 715445 TI - 1976 swine flu campaign faulted yet principals would do it again. PMID- 715446 TI - NAS saccharin report sweetens FDA position, but not by much. PMID- 715447 TI - Rapid changes in brain benzodiazepine receptors after experimental seizures. AB - Seizures induced in the rat by electroshock or by injections of pentylenetetrazol increase the specific binding of diazepam to putative receptor sites in cerebral cortical membranes. The enhancement of diazepam binding results from a rapid increase in the number of available binding sites rather than a change in receptor affinity. The postictal increase in cortical benzodiazepine receptors suggests that the cerebral cortex might be more sensitive to the anticonvulsant effects of the benzodiazepines after seizures. This observation may be related to the mechanism of action of these drugs in the treatment of recurrent seizures such as status epilepticus. PMID- 715448 TI - The red cell as a fluid droplet: tank tread-like motion of the human erythrocyte membrane in shear flow. AB - When whole human blood is subjected to viscometric flow, individual red cells are seen to be elongated and oriented in the shear field. In addition, a tank tread like motion of the membrane around the cell content occurs. In dilute suspensions of erythrocytes in viscous media, the same behavior is better observed and can also be measured quantitatively. PMID- 715449 TI - Human flicker sensitivity: two stages of retinal diffusion. AB - A well-known solution of the diffusion equation gives an exponential square-root function as the frequency response for a one-dimensional diffusion or transmission process. When two or more such processes are cascaded, the result is still an exponential square-root characteristic, but with a longer time constant. This seems to explain why flicker thresholds obey the Kelly-Veringa diffusion model at high frequencies, even though the psychophysically inferred diffusion process is much slower than the first stage of visual transduction measured by, for example, late receptor potentials. Two such stages in tandem are sufficient to account for the psychophysical data, because the psychophysical time constant is proportional to the square of the number of stages involved. In addition, the nonlinear behavior of flicker thresholds under intense light adaptation can be explained if the loss factor in the first stage is proportional to the amount of the photopigment bleached. Apparently the flicker thresholds are governed by first- and second-order retinal neurons. PMID- 715450 TI - Memory impairment in Korsakoff's psychosis: a correlation with brain noradrenergic activity. AB - The concentration of the primary brain metabolite of norepinephrine is diminished in the lumbar spinal fluid of patients with Korsakoff's syndrome. The extent of its reduction is significantly correlated with measures of memory impairment for individual patients. These data suggest that the memory disorder of Korsakoff's syndrome may result from damage to ascending noradrenergic pathways by the diencephalic and brainstem lesions associated with this disease. PMID- 715451 TI - Fractional factorial analysis of growth and weaning success in Peromyscus maniculatus. AB - Fractional factorial designs were used to explore simultaneously the effects of eight variables on survival and growth of neonatal deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus. Two of the variables had significant effects on weaning success. The magnitudes of their effects are illustrated. PMID- 715452 TI - EPA smog standard attacked by industry, science advisers. PMID- 715453 TI - Medical technology and cost containment: two applications of operations research. AB - The government proposes "common sense" regulations to help contain rising health costs due to the increasing use of high-technology procedures, such as computerized tomography scanning. Two illustrations are given showing that such ad hoc regulations may have the effect of increasing costs and are certainly far from the optimum obtained by known methods of operations research. PMID- 715454 TI - Long ascending projections from substantia gelatinosa Rolandi and the subjacent dorsal horn in the rat. AB - Small neurons of the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi and the subjacent dorsal horn of the spinal cord have been thought to exert a direct modulatory effect only on neurons located within a distance of a few spinal segemnts. By using the technique of retorograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, however, it has been found that in the rat a significant number of these cells, particularly those of the subjacent dorsal horn, ascend many spinal segments to the lateral cervical nucleus and to the lower brainstem. These data provide an anatomic basis for a role of substantia gelatinosa Rolandi and subjacent dorsal horn cells in madulating or contributing to sensory information transmission not only in nearby segments but in far distant structures. PMID- 715455 TI - beta-Endorphin is associated with overeating in genetically obese mice (ob/ob) and rats (fa/fa). AB - Small doses of the opiate antagonist naloxone selectively abolished overeating in genetically obese mice (ob/ob) and rats (fa/fa). Elevated concentrations of the naturally occurring opiate beta-endorphin were found in the pituitaries of both obese species and in the blood plasma of the obese rats. Brain levels of beta endorphin and Leu-enkephalin were unchanged. These data suggest that excess pituitary beta-endorphin may play a role in the development of the overeating and obesity syndrome. PMID- 715456 TI - Long-latency "subthreshold" collicular responses to the constant-frequency components emitted by a bat. AB - A previously undescribed response pattern has been observed in certain single units in the posterior colliculus of Pteronotus suapurensis. These units, constituting about one-third of those tuned to the region of the dominant constant-frequency (CF) components of the orientation sounds, respond to a tone pip with a burst of spikes at a latency of 3 to 6 milliseconds, within the frequency-intensity domain of a normal V-shaped response area. In these units, however, as intensity is dropped below threshold for this response, a response of 5-to 10-milliseconds longer latency appears and persists throughout another 10 to 30 decibels of attenuation. These late responses can be very vigorous, are sharply tuned to frequencies at or just above the CF components of the signal, and are often strongest and of lowest threshold at stimulus durations of 1.5 to 3 milliseconds--approximately the duration of the CF component. These properties imply that the late responses are concerned with analysis of the CF components of echoes, apparently in ways not as prominent in other bats. PMID- 715457 TI - Gene amplification and drug resistance in cultured murine cells. AB - Resistance of mouse cells to the folate analog, methotrexate, results from selection of increasingly resistant cells on progressive increases of methotrexate in the culture medium. High-level resistance is associated with high rates of synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase and correspondingly high numbers of reductase genes. In some variants high resistance and gene copy number are stable in the absence of selection pressure, whereas in others they are unstable. Analogies are made to antibiotic and insecticide resistance wherein selection of organisms with increased capacity to counteract the drug effect results in emergence of resistance. Gene amplification may underlie many such resistance phenomena. PMID- 715458 TI - Restriction enzymes: prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease. PMID- 715459 TI - Subsynaptic plate perforations: changes with age and experience in the rat. AB - The relative frequency of appearance of discontinuities in the postsynaptic thickening, or perforations in the subsynaptic plate, increased with age and experience. Rats reared from weaning in complex or social environments had a significantly higher proportion of occipital cortical synapses with perforations than did rats reared in isolation. In addition, the relative frequency of these perforations more than tripled between 10 and 60 days of age. Shifts in the frequency of perforations can occur independently of changes in the size of synpases. This result suggests a new potential mechanism of synaptic plasticity. PMID- 715460 TI - Hippocampal aging and adrenocorticoids: quantitative correlations. AB - Altered neural-endocrine relations have been proposed as factors in mammalian aging. In the same rats from three age groups we quantified astrocyte reactivity in hippocampus, performed radioimmunoassays for plasma adrenocorticoids, and measured adrenal weight. These variables were correlated in individual animals and generally increased with age. The findings are consistent with recent hypotheses that endocrine levels are related to brain aging, either as cause or effect. PMID- 715462 TI - Controlled clinical trials. PMID- 715461 TI - Memory impairment in epileptic patients: selective effects of phenobarbital concentration. AB - Nineteen epileptic patients were tested first under medium (week 1) and then under high (week 2) therapeutic levels of phenobarbital. Relative to response times of 20 controls with equivalent practice but without medication, response times of patients in a short-term memory scanning task were strikingly slowed during week 2. However, increased phenobarbital did not slow responses in a task requiring access to information in long-term memory. PMID- 715463 TI - Models for carcinogenic risk assessment. PMID- 715464 TI - Gallium-67 imaging in the management of Hodgkin's disease and other malignant lymphomas. AB - Gallium-67 imaging is useful in the management of patients with malignant lymphoma, despite its obvious limitations. Data currently in the literature regarding the detectability of sites of lymphoma by 67Ga imaging should be regarded as representing the minimum that can be expected from the method, since all reported series are based on outmoded imaging techniques. The detectability of disease sites appears to vary with tumor histology and anatomic location. Gallium-67 imaging is most useful in following patients after treatment. However, it may justifiably play an important role in the initial staging of lymphoma if the prior probability of disease in the abdomen is low. Lymphoma in abdominal lymph node sites is at least as detectable by 67Ga imaging as by lymphangiography. PMID- 715465 TI - Role of gallium 67 in inflammatory disease. AB - Gallium 67 has been found to be extremely useful for detection of inflammatory disease. In the skeletal system it complements the 99m Tc-phosphate compounds in differentiating periatricular osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and cellulitis. Gallium is particularly useful in documenting successful treatment of bone infection because the phosphate scan remains positive for much longer periods of time. In a variety of chest disorders gallium uptake has been found to correlate well with the active inflammatory state. One of the most frequent uses of gallium imaging has been for localization of inflammatory foci in postoperative patients as well as in patients who present with fever of undetermined origin. Neutrophilic labeling followed by migration to the inflammatory area appears to be the major mechanism of localization of radiogallium. For this reason leukopenic patients constitute a group in which false negative results may be encountered. PMID- 715467 TI - A method for localization of sources of human cerebral potentials evoked by sensory stimuli. AB - A method based on potential field theory is described for assessing the location and orientation of dipole generators of the human scalp-recorded sensory evoked potential (EP). The method assumes that the EP at a given moment is due to a single dipole source and that the head can be modeled by a homogeneous conductive sphere (brain) surrounded by inner (skull) and outer (scalp) shells of differing conductivity (three-sphere model). Solution for source location and orientation from the surface potential field is given for the case of a single homogeneous sphere (one-sphere model). It is then shown that a unique solution for the three sphere model can be derived from the one-sphere solution. Solutions are obtained by application of an iterative procedure which minimizes the error between calculated and empirical potential fields. A test of the method is described in which the calculated location and orientation of a dipole was in good agreement with the known source of an early component of the human somatosensory EP. PMID- 715466 TI - The use of gallium-67 in pulmonary disorders. AB - Imaging of the chest cage with gallium-67 (67Ga) citrate is relatively easier to perform and interpret than imaging of the abdomen, because normally pulmonary concentration is low after 48 hr and physiologic accumulation in bones and breast can be recognized by its distribution. Modern scintillation detectors, particularly large field cameras with multiple pulse-height analyzers, give substantially better gallium images than those available in the past. Because of the nonspecific affinity of gallium through neoplastic and inflammatory processes, its value in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases is limited. However, based on the literature and our own observations in over 1100 patients with established diagnosis of a variety of pulmonary diseases, we feel that the judicious use of 67Ga in selected patients is helpful in answering specific questions. These include preoperative evaluation of hilar and mediastinal involvement in pulmonary neoplasms, differential diagnosis of pulmonary infarctions and bacterial pneumonias, evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates regarding infectious etiology, follow-up of sarcoidosis on corticosteroid treatment, assessment of inflammatory activity in interstitial fibrosis and, in selected cases, early detection of neoplastic and inflammatory diseases before radiography becomes abnormal, such as diffuse carcinomatosis and Pneumocystis carinii infection. Potential large-scale application of pulmonary gallium imaging could be found in the screening of subjects exposed occupationally to noxious dust and in long-term serial follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis patients for treatment response and reactivation. However, it remains to be seen whether gallium imaging statistically provides essential additional information in these indications when compared to cheaper conventional techniques. PMID- 715468 TI - Photoreceptors and visual pigments in a cichlid fish, Nannacara anomala. AB - Correlation of visual pigment content and photoreceptor cell structure is studied in the cichlid fish Nannacara anomala the retina of which is characterized by simple organization of the outer plexiform layer. The visual cell types consist of long and bulky rods and only two types of cones: equal double cones and short single cones. Both types of cones differ form other known teleost cones in that their outer segments are very slender yet twice as long as the inner segments. The double cones form a square mosaic with four doubles along the sides an a single cone in the center. Four rods usually surround the single cone and a few others lie in the corners of the square. The population densities of photoreceptor cells in the central part of the retina is 45,600 cones and 52,600 rods per mm2. The cone to rod ratio is 1:1.15; the double cone to single cone ratio is 4.07:1. The outer segments of photoreceptors contain four spectroscopic types of pigment: one type in rods with lambda max = 498 +/- 5 nm, one type in single cones with lambda max = 460 +/- 5nm, and one in each member of the double cones with lambda max of 555 +/- 5 and 600 +/- 10 nm. Single cones are found to contain only the blue-absorbing pigment. The double cones, whenever both members are successfully recorded from, appear to use two spectrally different pigments. Based on spectral bandwidth determination, the four pigments are probably of the prophyropsin class, although some admixture (10--20%) of rhodopsin-class pigments is also indicated, especially in double cones. PMID- 715469 TI - Tuning curves and masking functions of auditory-nerve fibers in cat. AB - Single units of the auditory nerve are maximally sensitive to a given frequency, the so-called characteristic frequency (CF). Tuning curves (functions relating the "threshold" for such units to the frequency of a sinusoidal stimulus) have inspired psychophysical measurements of masked thresholds in humans. At low levels, the results bear a striking resemblance to neural tuning curves, suggesting that a small, homogeneous group of units determine the so-called psychophysical tuning curves. This paper describes physiological measurements modeled after the psychophysical forward-masking paradigm. A masking tone was used to reduce the response in auditory-nerve fibers elicited by a probe tone that followed the masker. The level of the masking tone was varied to maintain a criterion level of responding to the probe. Plotting level of the masker as a function of its frequency yields a fiber-masking function. For low probe-tone levels, fiber-masking functions of low CF fibers and the tips of functions from high CF fibers were similar in shape to tuning curves obtained with single tone bursts. The fiber-masking function depends upon the response criterion and upon the level, duration, and frequency of the probe. Varying the level of the probe can also alter the shape of the fiber-masking function. These results have implications for interpreting psychophysical masking functions. PMID- 715470 TI - Factors influencing cutaneous directional sensitivity. AB - The influence of stimulus velocity and traverse length on the ability of human subjects to indicate in which of two opposite directions a brush moved along the skin was determined using a forced choice procedure. Stimulus velocities ranged from 0.75 to 250 cm/sec, and traverse lengths ranged from 0.5 to 6 cm; measurements were made on both the thenar eminence and the preaxial upper arm. Performance was expressed in terms of "critical traverse length" i.e., that traverse length at which, for a given velocity, the subject would correctly identify the direction of brush motion on 75% of the trials. The data indicate that the capacity to identify direction of tactile stimulus motion increases with traverse length and is optimal for velocities between 3 and 25 cm/sec. The overall level of performance was better on the thenar than on the upper arm. PMID- 715471 TI - Frequency selectivity in the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) studied with narrow-band noise masking. AB - Narrow-band noise masking was studied in the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) using a modified method of limits and an instrumental avoidance-conditioning procedure. Masked thresholds were obtained from five subjects at 10 frequencies between 0.5 and 5.0 kHz for each of four sensation levels (26, 46, 66, and 86 db) of a 1/3-octave band noise masker centered at 1.6 kHz. The amount of masking was found to be linearly related to noise level, and the shape of the masking curve was symmetrical on both sides of the center frequency of the masker. In all cases, the greatest threshold shift occurred at the center frequency of the masker. The relative symmetry of the parakeet narrow-band masking curves contrasts with masking results reported in mammals. PMID- 715472 TI - Olfactory sensitivity during the menstrual cycle. AB - Women were tested for sensitivity to several odorants at ovulation and menstruation. Three involatile esters (pentadecalactone, coumarin, and cinnamyl butyrate) predicted by gas chromatographic data to be strongly retarded by the olfactory mucus showed similar significant changes in sensitivity. By contrast, a more volatile ester (amyl acetate) predicted to diffuse more readily though the mucus showed no such changes. This suggests that variations in olfactory sensitivity observed between ovulation and menstruation depend on odorant volatility and thus may result from peripheral mechanisms limiting the access of odorant molecules to the olfactory receptors. PMID- 715473 TI - The effects of a surround on vibrotactile thresholds. AB - Psychophysical thresholds for the detection of vibration on the thenar eminence were measured as a function of stimulus frequency. As has been found in earlier studies, the threshold functions had two separate branches: one relatively flat branch at low frequencies and a U-shaped branch at higher frequencies. When the rigid surround which is used to confine the stimulus to the region of the vibrator contactor was removed and vibration was allowed to spread freely over the surface of the skin, thresholds along the relatively flat segment of the curve increased while thresholds along the U-shaped segment decreased. The results were interpreted in terms of the duplex model of mechanoreception. PMID- 715475 TI - Compliance of schoolchildren in getting and wearing glasses. PMID- 715474 TI - What's new in ocular toxicology? PMID- 715477 TI - Some notes on record taking and making in an antenatal clinic. PMID- 715476 TI - "Adopt-a-school" a program of eye care for children. PMID- 715478 TI - Psychiatric consultations. PMID- 715479 TI - Commentary. Metamorphosis of breast cancer. PMID- 715481 TI - The surgeon as oncologist. PMID- 715480 TI - Metamorphosis of breast cancer. AB - In two decades there has been a sweeping metamorphosis of the antiquated conception of breast cancer as a solitary mass of questionable operability, accompanied by numerous axillary lymph nodes and probably distant metastasis. An undreamed-of recognizable preclinical stage of breast cancer has drastically changed attitudes and reactions in physicians and patients. These changes have paralleled the applications of clinical mammography. The smallest of premammography breast cancers are now advanced cancers. The average size of operable breast cancers at Emory University is now less than 1 cm in diameter, and ten-year cure rates with minimal cancers exceed 95%. The treatment of these minimal breast cancers, often in a two-stage surgical procedure with the patient participating in decisions, may include psychotherapy and reconstructive surgery. Pathologists have assumed new roles in coping with disturbing epithelial cellular changes in premalignant and borderline malignant breast lesions. Today predictive clinical signs and symptoms are associated with advanced cancer, with limited specific clinical changes relating to early breast cancer. Over one third of breast cancers are being discovered in women under 50 years of age, and mammography is the primary means of detecting these cancers. PMID- 715482 TI - Asymptomatic Bartter's syndrome. AB - A 63-year-old man had asymptomatic Bartter's syndrome, discovered during evaluation for hypokalemia. Elevated plasma renin and aldosterone levels, angiotension resistance, and elevated urinary prostaglandin excretion were noted. Tubular function studies implicated the proximal tubule as the site of a mild sodium reabsorption defect, and renal wasting of potassium and magnesium were also noted. Indomethacin therapy lowered the urinary prostaglandin excretion and the renin and aldosterone levels but did not correct the hypokalemia. Spironolactone therapy resulted in normalization of serum potassium but not serum magnesium levels. Bartter's syndrome may result from various causes but renal wasting of sodium, potassium and/or magnesium probably exist in all cases. Unexplained, asymptomatic hypokalemia in any age group may be due to Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 715484 TI - Acetaminophen overdoses at a county hospital: a year's experience. AB - During a recent one-year period nine cases of hepatotoxicity caused by overdoses of acetaminophen were recognized at Parkland Memorial Hospital. This contrasted with the previous year in which no cases were seen. These cases and an additional case seen after the one-year period are presented and discussed. Hepatic injury ranged from mild, with only SGOT elevations in several patients, to severe, with marked prolongation of prothrombin times in four and stage IV hepatic encephalopathy in two. One patient died of fulminant hepatic failure. Other manifestations of acetaminophen overdoses included renal dysfunction in three patients, lactic acidosis in three, shock in two, and hyperamylasemia in two. These findings indicate that extrahepatic complications of acetaminophen overdose may be more common than indicated in previous reports. Because of the delayed nature of the clinical manifestations of acetaminophen overdose, as clearly demonstrated in these patients, decisions on hopsitalization and treatment must be made early based on the history and on acetaminophen levels. PMID- 715483 TI - Nafcillin-associated granulocytopenia. AB - Three patients treated with nafcillin developed granulocytopenia. Only three other such cases have been reported. This complication is most likely due to a direct toxic effect on the bone marrow; markers for an immunologically mediated mechanism have not been found. Nafcillin-associated granulocytopenia usually occurs during the third week of therapy and remits spontaneously with prompt cessation of nafcillin administration. PMID- 715485 TI - Vincristine-induced dysphagia. AB - Dysphagia was observed in two patients receiving combination chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma of the breast. Results of esophagogram and esophagoscopy were unremarkable. Vincristine, an anticancer drug, was incriminated as the causative agent. Cessation of vincristine therapy resulted in definite improvement. In one patient, inadvertent administration of vincristine caused prompt recurrence of dysphagia, which again disappeared upon discontinuation of the drug. The major toxicity of vincristine is neurologic. The exact mechanism for vincristine-induced dysphagia is unknown, but it does appear to be reversible. PMID- 715486 TI - Clinical trial of surgery for morbid obesity. AB - A clinical trial of jejunoileal and gastric bypass in 38 morbidly obese patients is described. The results which led to the decision to discontinue the clinical trial are discussed. Gastric bypass is recommended as the surgical procedure of choice in properly selected patients with morbid obesity. PMID- 715487 TI - Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur: treatment with ASIF blade plate fixation. AB - Management of the severely comminuted subtrochanteric fracture of the femur has been extremely difficult due to problems in stabilization, failure of fixation, and/or failure of the device, as well as associated high morbidity and mortality. Twenty-three such fractures treated with the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF) blade plate fixation are reviewed. There were 17 primary unions (0 to 6 months), two delayed unions (6 to 12 months), and two nonunions with device failure, requiring reoperation and bone grafting before healing. There were two deaths, but only one was due to postoperative complications. This review indicates that ASIF blade plates provide adequate stabilization and fixation with a high rate of union in these fractures. PMID- 715488 TI - Pott's paraplegia. AB - Tuberculosis of the spine associated with neurologic deficit has fortunately become an uncommon disease. Of 48 patients with Pott's paraplegia seen over a 20 year period, 28 were adequately followed up. Ten patients in this series died, most of causes not directly related to the tuberculosis, and ten patients were lost to follow-up. Most of the patients in this study were in the older age group which, in part, accounts for the mortality. Of those who did survive, the outlook for recovery from the paraplegia was very good with or without surgical intervention. PMID- 715489 TI - Echocardiographic findings in amyloid cardiomyopathy. AB - Echocardiographic manifestations of two patients with cardiac amyloidosis are presented. The findings consisted of increased thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall and interventricular septal wall, a normal to small left ventricular cavity, and pericardial effusion. The echocardiograph is useful in the evaluation of patients with cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. PMID- 715491 TI - Quantifying clinical information: beyond physical diagnosis. PMID- 715490 TI - Distal renal tubular acidosis in selective hypoaldosteronism. AB - Renal mechanisms for metabolic acidosis in selective hypoaldosteronism were investigated in a patient with marked renal insufficiency. Studies demonstrated a distal hydrogen ion secretory defect. Control of elevated serum potassium levels did not normalize urinary acid excretion, but systemic acidosis was improved. Mineralocorticoid therapy normalized serum potassium without increasing urinary potassium. Hyperkalemia did not directly affect renal acid handling, and extrarenal mechanisms for potassium excretion are suggested. Measurement of rectal mucosal potential difference suggests this test may be of value in detecting a wide range of abnormalities in aldosterone metabolism. PMID- 715493 TI - The family practitioner of the 1970s. PMID- 715492 TI - Endometriosis after "pelvic cleanout". AB - In many patients endometriosis is ultimately treated by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Endometriosis in a 31-year-old, white, multiparous woman demonstrates the unusual nature of this disease. Five years after a total abdominal hysterectomy and four years after a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a pelvic abscess, she had an endometrioma above the apex of the vagina. Her previous surgery had revealed no evidence of endometriosis. This patient's age, parity, and previous pelvic cleanout made her an unusual candidate for this disease. PMID- 715494 TI - Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: an atypical presentation. AB - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is an acute febrile encephalopathy usually characterized by disordered mentation, fever, headache, and focal seizures. We have described a patient with HSV encephalitis whose initial illness was manifested solely as a seizure disorder. Consequently, the diagnosis was not made until late in the hospital course. This atypical presentation of HSV encephalitis is emphasized to facilitate recognition of this disorder and to prompt early diagnostic brain biopsy so that appropriate antiviral therapy can be instituted. PMID- 715495 TI - Hepatic hemangioendotheliomas and hyperbilirubinemia. AB - A 3-week-old infant with hyperbilirubinemia and hepatomegaly secondary to hemangioendotheliomas of the liver was presented. Review of the literature produced 18 cases of associated jaundice in 182 infants with hepatic vascular tumors, an incidence of 10%. This disorder should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the infant with hepatomegaly and jaundice, particularly in the presence of gastrointestinal complaints, cutaneous hemangiomas, congestive heart failure, or abdominal bruit. Liver scan should be done in such infants to rule out vascular tumors. Although mortality appears to be high in jaundiced infants with such tumors, currently available therapeutic modalities may be of value in treating these infants. PMID- 715496 TI - Polymyositis leading to diagnosis and resection of occult localized carcinoma of the cecum. AB - Polymyositis in an elderly but alert man led to an intensive search for an occult malignancy, which was found and removed. A five-year follow-up without evidence of metastasis supports the concept that polymyositis may antedate metastasis of underlying carcinoma and provide an opportunity for diagnosis and excision of the tumor before it has spread. PMID- 715497 TI - Thioridazine-associated immune hemolytic anemia. AB - An association between the ingestion of 72 gm of thioridazine over a 31-month period and immune hemolytic anemia is reported, with a schematic presentation of drug treatment and hematopoietic response during hospitalization. PMID- 715498 TI - Spontaneous rupture of a uterine vein during labor. AB - Spontaneous rupture of a utero-ovarian vein during pregnancy is a serious complication that is likely to be misdiagnosed because of its rarity. In this report, a 23-year-old multiparous woman, 39 weeks pregnant, with a history of a previous salpingo-oophorectomy, had symptoms suggestive of a massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage. At exploratory laparotomy she was found to have a torn uterine varix. A 5 lb boy was delivered by cesarean section. Mother and son survived. PMID- 715499 TI - Asplenia associated with a congenital diaphragmatic defect and neurologic anomalies. AB - A case of asplenia with the assoicated congential defects of a diaphragmatic hernia, hydrocephalus, anophthalmia, and dysostosis of the frontal skull bones is reported. A small ventricular septal defect was also present. The case is discussed with particular emphasis on the embryologic malformations. PMID- 715500 TI - Temporal arteritis with normal sedimentation rate. PMID- 715501 TI - Spontaneous primary lymph node infarction in a patient with lymphoma. PMID- 715502 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 715503 TI - Nonmedical use of amyl nitrite compounds. PMID- 715504 TI - [Constitution of the USSR on the right of citizens to participation in public health management]. PMID- 715505 TI - [Prospects for the specialization of hospital care for the pediatric population]. PMID- 715507 TI - [Experience in organizing medical support for public health workers]. PMID- 715506 TI - [Medical service for the workers of interfarm associations in a rural locality]. PMID- 715508 TI - [Status and prospects for development of the international ties of Soviet public health]. PMID- 715509 TI - [Demographic and professional characteristics of paramedical personnel]. PMID- 715510 TI - [Physical development of the population according to data from a comprehensive study of the state of health of the population in relation to the 1970 census]. PMID- 715511 TI - [Morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity among female workers of the match industry]. PMID- 715512 TI - [Experience in distributing scientific and medical information in a city hospital]. PMID- 715513 TI - [Cooperation of the USSR and socialist countries in the field of health education]. PMID- 715514 TI - [Place of medical first aid in the public health of Syria, Iraq and Iran]. PMID- 715515 TI - [Deontological aspects in nephrology]. PMID- 715516 TI - [Importance of angiography in the treatment of primary chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 715517 TI - [Procedure for surgical treatment in bilateral occlusive lesions of the renal arteries]. PMID- 715518 TI - [Course of chronic glomerulonephritis in the elderly]. PMID- 715519 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis]. PMID- 715521 TI - [Role of kidney anomalies in the development of chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 715520 TI - [Intensive therapy of acute poisonings with chlorinated hydrocarbons]. PMID- 715522 TI - [Reiter's syndrome in tuberculosis of the urinary tracts]. PMID- 715523 TI - [Phenomenon of hyperglycemic leveling in diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 715524 TI - [Peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of peritonitis]. PMID- 715525 TI - [Psuedotumorous course of cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 715526 TI - [Intracellular inclusions in the hepatocytes in viral hepatitis in burn patients]. PMID- 715527 TI - [Leptospirosis caused by an association of different serotypes of Leptospira]. PMID- 715528 TI - [Case of the intravital diagnosis of a peritoneal mesothelioma]. PMID- 715529 TI - [Emergency care in acute pyelonephritis]. PMID- 715530 TI - [Immunological aspects of pyelonephritis]. PMID- 715531 TI - [Characteristics of the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis and nephrolithiasis in women]. PMID- 715532 TI - [Pressing problems in the therapy of chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 715533 TI - [Hydronephrotic transformation in children]. PMID- 715534 TI - [Contralateral kidney function in unilateral nephroureterolithiasis]. PMID- 715535 TI - [Closed injuries to the kidneys]. PMID- 715536 TI - [Necessity for vasographic studies in closed kidney injuries]. PMID- 715537 TI - [Leukocyte enzymatic activity in acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 715538 TI - [Treatment of hyperhydrated states by means of hemofiltration]. PMID- 715539 TI - [Fibrinogen degradatiopnroducts in the serum and urine in chronic nephritis]. PMID- 715540 TI - [Urobilinuria dynamics in viral hepatitis and its relationship to the functional state of the kidneys]. PMID- 715541 TI - [Method of uniform measurement of the degree of cellular polymorphism in the early diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 715542 TI - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system in malignant melanoma of the skin]. PMID- 715543 TI - [Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis in patients with a single kidney]. PMID- 715544 TI - [Regression of freshly detected forms of diabetes mellitus as a result of a strictly realized compensation for the metabolic disorders]. PMID- 715545 TI - [Predisposing and manifesting factors in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 715546 TI - Lap-sash three point seat belt fractures of the cervical spine. AB - Cervical spine injuries associated with three-point fixation lap-sash seat belts result from impact against the sash. While such injuries are infrequent and often without serious neurologic sequelae, they may produce serious deficits with grave injuries. Flexion-extension fractures of the lower cervical vertebrae, fractures of the transverse and spinous processes of the lower cervical and uppermost thoracic vertebrae, discal disruptions, and brachial plexus avulsions may occur. Of the 3 patients reported here, 2 escaped serious damage. PMID- 715547 TI - Metastatic disc infection and osteomyelitis of the cervical spine. Surgical treatment. AB - Two cases of vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis in the cervical spine are presented, both having arisen from hematogenous spread to the spine. Bacteriologic diagnosis was established in 1 patient, but the infection had subsided in the other. Both patients were treated with anterior debridement and fusion, and a supplemental posterior wiring and fusion was performed in the second case to reduce kyphotic angulation. In the second case, both the anterior and posterior surgery were performed while the patient was under the same anesthetic. Satisfactory results were achieved in both cases. PMID- 715548 TI - Chondrosarcoma of the spine. AB - Involvement of the spine by chondrosarcoma is rare. Three recent cases involving the cervical with or without extension to the thoracic spine are reported. Detailed radiologic investigations to evaluate the extent of the disease are essential to management. Computerized axial tomography and angiography were performed in 1 case and were extremely helpful. Surgical resection of the lesion is the only currently effective method of treatment, but long-term survival figures are not good. PMID- 715549 TI - Artifactual midline cervical defect seen during myelography. AB - A case of ventral extradural cervical defect produced by extension during myelography is reported. The defect simulated a herniated cervical disc. This phenomenon has been reported in the lumbar area, but not in the cervical region. The etiology is discussed. PMID- 715550 TI - Telemetric monitoring of cable tensions following Dwyer spinal instrumentation in dogs. PMID- 715551 TI - Congenital kyphosis in myelomeningocele. Vertebral body resection and posterior spine fusion. AB - The deforming mechanisms in the congenital lumbar kyphosis of myelomeningocele are situated anteriorly. Posterior wedge resection with local fusion therefore will not prevent progression of the deformity. Nonetheless, this procedure may be the only method of affording sac closure, or providing continuity of the ulcerated integument. Definitive corrective surgery will be required later and must combat the anterior deforming forces. Resection of the apical vertebral body followed by posterior fusion with Harrington instrumentation provides a solid straight spine. PMID- 715552 TI - Scoliosis, spondylolysis, and spondylolisthesis. Their relationship as reviewed in 539 patients. AB - Five hundred consecutive idiopathic scoliosis patients in whom routine oblique roentgenograms of the lumbosacral area were obtained, plus 39 patients with a presenting problem of spondylolisthesis, were reviewed in an attempt to answer questions concerning the best therapeutic approaches in patients having coincident scoliosis and pars defects. The incidence of pars defects in patients with idiopathic scoliosis was found to be 6.2%, slightly higher than in the white female population at large. The indications for a surgical approach to the pars defect and/or the spinal curvature parallel the indications for each problem arising independently. PMID- 715553 TI - Developmental lumbar spinal stenosis. Pathology and surgical treatment. AB - The purpose of this presentation is to outline the extent of surgical resection necessary for complete decompression of the neural elements in spinal stenosis and to introduce a system for the evaluation of disability in patients with spinal stenosis. Sixteen patients with the confirmed diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis were evaluated by the system. Ten cases were treated surgically. Indications for operative treatment were 1) intolerable pain in average daily living, 2) progressively worsening or significant degree of motor weakness, and 3) sphincter dysfunction. Satisfactory results from operative treatment were expected only after adequate and thorough decompression. The extent of surgical decompression was determined by clinical evaluation, myelographic examination, and by the type of disease process exhibited. The most common cause of unsatisfactory results was inadequate decompression of spinal contents. The extent of adequate decompression is described according to three different variations of pathologic anatomy of spinal stenosis: a) concentric contraction of the spinal canal, b) sagittal flattening of the spinal canal, and c) stenosis caused by anomalous articular process(es). No excellent results were obtained even after thorough and adequate decompression of spinal contents. PMID- 715554 TI - Lytic spondylolisthesis above the lumbosacral level. AB - The syndrome produced by lytic spondylolisthesis depends on the level at which it occurs. Above the lumbosacral level the incidence of neurologic signs and spinal stenosis increases, and further forward slip in adult life is not uncommon. Twenty-seven patients with lesions above the fifth lumbar vertebra and symptoms severe enough to warrant surgery were studied. Some radiologic observations are made. The patients were divided into two groups for assessment of the results of surgery. Patients with no neurologic signs obtained satisfactory results after a fusion procedure alole. Patients with a neurologic deficit fared less well after surgery, and the importance of decompression in this group is stressed. PMID- 715556 TI - [Ethic principles in surgery]. PMID- 715555 TI - Effects of chymopapain. PMID- 715557 TI - [Our experience with xeroradiographic diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 715558 TI - [Scintigraphy in the diagnosis of right subdiaphragmatic abscesses]. PMID- 715559 TI - [Duplicatures of the small intestine]. PMID- 715560 TI - [Acute obstruction of the pylorus by a gallstone]. PMID- 715561 TI - [Plasty of the deep femoral vein without desobliteration]. PMID- 715562 TI - [Cholelithiasis in childhood]. PMID- 715563 TI - [Crohn's disease as the cause of intestinal obstruction in newborn infants]. PMID- 715564 TI - [Problems in light craniocerebral injuries in children]. PMID- 715565 TI - [Associated injuries in children]. PMID- 715566 TI - [Surgical aspects of necrotizing pneumonitis]. PMID- 715567 TI - [Urologic diseases of newborn infants]. PMID- 715568 TI - [Contribution of renal scintigraphy to the diagnosis of urologic diseases in children]. PMID- 715569 TI - [Treatment of urinary incontinence through the implantation of an artificial bladder sphincter AMS]. PMID- 715570 TI - [Attitude of the surgeon towards regional lymph nodes in patients with kidney cancer]. PMID- 715571 TI - [Treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux induced by stenosis of the urethra in girls]. PMID- 715572 TI - [Penile cancer]. PMID- 715573 TI - [An unusual case of trauma in childhood]. PMID- 715574 TI - [Giant-cell extraosseous tumor of the peritoneal cavity in a child]. PMID- 715575 TI - [Surgical diseases of the pancreas in children]. PMID- 715576 TI - [A medical thermometer in the digestive tract of a child]. PMID- 715577 TI - [Use of central venous catheters in pediatric surgery. I. Indication, methods of insertion and utilization of central venous catheters in childhood]. PMID- 715578 TI - [2 cases of coinciding acute appendicitis and Meckel's diverticulum in a newborn infant and in an infant]. PMID- 715579 TI - The significance of polypoidal gastric mucosa. An experimental study. PMID- 715580 TI - Cystometrogram studies in enuretic children. PMID- 715581 TI - The assessment of impotence in aorto-iliac disease using penile blood pressure measurement. PMID- 715582 TI - Rupture of the spleen--an analysis of 180 cases. PMID- 715583 TI - A comparative study of the gastric emptying pattern in normal subjects and in patients with duodenal ulceration, truncal vagotomy or proximal gastric vagotomy. PMID- 715584 TI - Burn management--a changing scene. PMID- 715586 TI - The recovery of gastric contents: a new experimental technique. PMID- 715585 TI - Diverticular disease of the colon--blood or pain. PMID- 715587 TI - The spectrum of emetogenic injury to the oesophagus. PMID- 715588 TI - Amoebic liver abscesses in infancy and childhood. PMID- 715589 TI - Intussusception in adults. PMID- 715590 TI - Complications of total laryngectomy. PMID- 715591 TI - Spinal epidural abscess in children. PMID- 715592 TI - Some design considerations on the stems of total hip replacement prostheses. PMID- 715593 TI - [How do patients fare after hysterectomy?]. PMID- 715594 TI - 'Bedniks'. PMID- 715595 TI - Griseofulvin in the treatment of herpes zoster. PMID- 715596 TI - Organophosphate poisoning. PMID- 715597 TI - Community versus hospital Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and some features of nasal carriage and acquisition. AB - Susceptibility of community and hospital isolates of Staphylococcus aureus to 15 drugs has been tested. The organisms were isolated from the noses of White adults admitted to two general surgical units. Approximately half of each group were resistant to beta-lactamase-labile penicillins. Hospital staphylococci displayed a greater degree of multiple drug resistance and resistance to methicillin and erythromycin than did community strains. A nasal carriage rate of 28.6% was found among White patients admitted. A comparative survey of 54 Black adults from a rural community revealed a significantly lower rate (14.8%). On non-carriers admitted to hospital, 21.9% acquired S. aureus nasally. PMID- 715598 TI - Organophosphate poisoning in Rhodesia. A study of the clinical features and management of 105 patients. AB - A series of 105 patients with organophosphate poisoning admitted to Harari Hospital during the past 4 years is described. Poisoning with organophosphate compounds is being seen more frequently in hospital practice in Rhodesia. Many of the cases are attempted suicides, but frequently there is no positive history of contact with the poison. The majority of patients exhibit the classic clinical features of parasympathetic overactivity, but diagnosis may be obscured by atypical presentation. Rapid diagnosis and utilization of the treatment regimen outlined in this article should reduce the mortality to less than 15%. PMID- 715599 TI - [Ferrokinetic studies and the prognosis of aplastic anaemia]. AB - The value of ferrokinetic studies for determining the prognosis of patients with aplastic anaemia was assessed 17 patients. Plasma 59Fe clearance, red cell 59Fe incorporation (at 10 days), sacral and hepatic 59Fe uptake (at 6,0 h, measured by surface counting), and 59Fe bone marrow scanning were compared with peripheral blood pancytopenia and marrow cellularity on aspiration and biopsy. In this limited study no statistically significant correlation could be found between ferrokinetic determinations and other criteria of bone marrow failure, although there was a tendency for plasma 59Fe clearance and sacral 59Fe uptake to show some correlation with marrow cellularity on biopsy and with degrees of reticulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Ferrokinetic measurements did not differentiate between patients with favourable and those with poor prognoses. PMID- 715600 TI - Caecal bascule--a potential clinical and radiological pitfall. Case reports. AB - Caecal volvulus is usually associated with a twisted caecum, seen to occupy the umbilical area or left hypochondrium on radiography. Caecal bascule refers to the form of volvulus in which the distended caecum is situated within the pelvis. The caecal bascule type of obstruction is uncommon, and clinical and radiological appearances may be confusing. Two cases are presented and the incidence, pathogenesis and radiological features are discussed. PMID- 715601 TI - Haemophilus endocarditis. A report of two cases. AB - Two cases of infective endocarditis caused by Haemophilus species are presented. Salient features were the following: occurrence in young adults, presence of underlying valvular disease, and presumptive diagnosis of renal artery embolism in one patient and petechial haemorrhages in the other. Recent reports of an increasing number of cases of infective endocarditis caused by Haemophilus species prompted us to report these 2 cases. PMID- 715602 TI - Pertussis. PMID- 715603 TI - The full-timer and his conditions of service. PMID- 715605 TI - The use of a placebo. PMID- 715604 TI - A total intravenous anaesthetic technique. PMID- 715606 TI - Rugby injuries. PMID- 715607 TI - Vaccination against smallpox in the plantar surfaces of the feet. PMID- 715608 TI - Patterns of disease in Black and Indian children in Natal. AB - A statistical study of all admissions to the paediatric unit at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, during a 16-year period indicates the disease pattern encountered, and emphasizes the prevalence of preventable diseases, largely the result of malnutrition and infection, which leads to a high mortality, especially in the very young. PMID- 715609 TI - Bronchography in children aged 3 years and under. Anaesthetic techniques and results. AB - Bilateral bronchography was performed on 89 children aged between 3 months and 3 years. The bronchographic technique involves instillation of oily propyliodone into the tracheobronchial tree by positive pressure ventilation, and the procedure is carried out under general anaesthesia. Technically adequate bronchograms were obtained in 84 of the children, and with a solitary exception the complications of bronchography were few and trivial. In bronchiectatic children bronchography is a valuable and accurate investigation, which should in general be restricted to those patients who on clinical grounds are thought to have surgically manageable bronchiectasis. PMID- 715610 TI - Mesothelioma in relation to asbestos fibre exposure. A review of 70 serial cases. AB - Seventy consecutive patients suffering form mesothelioma of the pleura were referred to the National Research Institute for Occupational Diseases. In only 1 case was it not possible to elicit a history of significant exposure to asbestos dust. An occupational and environmental history must be taken by a knowledgeable person before it is possible to conclude that there has been no asbestos exposure. PMID- 715611 TI - XYY karyotype, female phenotype and gonadal dysgenesis. A case report. AB - A rare association of female phenotype with the 47,XYY karyotype in a 14-year-old White girl is described. She was studied because of her short stature and proved to have gonadal dysgenesis. She showed no masculinization and there were no Turner stigmata. Her intelligence was normal, she was sociable and her outlook was feminine. PMID- 715612 TI - Ectopic kidney in an adult man. A case report. PMID- 715613 TI - Curiosa paediatrica. AB - Curious clinical conditions occasionally seen nowadays are most likely to be genetic aberrations. To find something which is curious but not abnormal nor, indeed, uncommon, but left unrecorded in our medical literature, is worth a notice. This is one of a small collection of curiosities, which I have called for academic reasons 'scalae abdominis infantis' (vel infantum) but the Editor has aptly dubbed the 'inbuilt football jersey'. PMID- 715614 TI - [Better prescriptions]. PMID- 715615 TI - Stroke prevention. PMID- 715616 TI - Physiotherapy for recent injuries and doctors' referrals. PMID- 715617 TI - MRC support for hypertension research. PMID- 715618 TI - Outbreak of influenza among scholars. PMID- 715619 TI - [The sales tax bill 1978]. PMID- 715620 TI - Driving, disease and disability. PMID- 715621 TI - Studies on the care of the elderly. PMID- 715622 TI - The therapeutic value of ballroom dancing. PMID- 715624 TI - The deaf doctor. AB - Cardiopulmonary auscultation and considerable difficulty in hearing lecturers are major problems which face prospective deaf medical students. As a result, their opportunities for obtaining a medical degree have been, until recently, severely limited. However, rapid advance in electronics research have now made available to them a suitably amplified electronic stethoscope and a free-field radio transmission system. PMID- 715623 TI - Blood pressure of Indian and Coloured Schoolchildren aged 10--12 years. AB - In South Africa, hypertension is common among Indian and Cape Coloured adults. To throw light on this adverse situation, blood pressures are being determined in these ethnic groups. In the first instance, pupils aged 10--12 years were studied. Mean data are among the lowest on record for children. They are similar to values found for rural and urban Black pupils but significantly lower than most corresponding values published for White children. Neither salt nor sugar intakes appear influential. It would seem that factors which promote hypertension in adults in the two ethnic groups are not yet evident in the prepubertal Indian and Coloured children. PMID- 715625 TI - Diagnosis of pancreatic disorders. PMID- 715626 TI - [Pathophysiological components of type A behaviour pattern]. PMID- 715627 TI - [Whither the dispensing GP?]. PMID- 715628 TI - Chronic destructive pneumonia. PMID- 715629 TI - Articular cartilage degradation and the pathology of haemophilic arthropathy. AB - Synovial membrane and specimens of articular cartilage, obtained from the affected knee joints of 5 haemophilic patients at the time of surgical synovectomy, were studied. All the synovial specimens showed villous proliferation and multiplication of synovial cells. Haemosiderin granules were present within synovial cells and in macrophages. There was congestion and capillary proliferation. An inflammatory infiltrate of plasma cells and lymphocytes was seen in some instances. Articular cartilage changes were classified into the following 4 grades according to severity: 1--an increase in the number of surface chondrocytes with fibrous metaplasia, and the appearance of superficial fissures; 2--a fibrous vascularized overgrowth, resembling rheumatoid pannus; 3--deep fissuring and necrosis of cartilage; 4--erosion and disappearance of articular cartilage with exposure of subchondral bone. In the first 3 grades, deep nests of chondrocytes containing haemosiderin were present. These cell aggregates became larger and more degenerate as cartilage degradation progressed. Damaged articular cartilage was deficient in glycosaminoglycan (acid mucopolysaccharide). No excess enzyme activity could be demonstrated within the cartilage matrix. Immunofluorescent studies were not helpful. Electron microscopical examination revealed siderosomes within degenerate chondrocytes and synovial cells. Granules resembling haemosiderin were also present in the cartilage matrix. It is considered that iron products affect both chondrocytes and matrix adversely and play a part in articular cartilage destruction in haemophilia. PMID- 715631 TI - Seasonal variation in acute respiratory diseases and meningitis in Black miners living in hostels. PMID- 715630 TI - Primary testicular tumours among White, Black and Indian patients. AB - A review of all testicular tumours examined in the Department of Pathology, University of Natal, over the past 25 years has revealed a very low incidence in the Black population. In comparison with White and Indian patients, testicular teratomas are particularly uncommon, a surprising feature in view of the frequency of ovarian teratomas in Blacks. PMID- 715632 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen and primary liver cancer. AB - Sera of 184 patients were examined to determine the incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Ninety-two patients had primary liver cancer (PLC) and there were 92 matched controls. Thirty-one of the 92 patients with PLC and 8 of the 92 patients with no clinical evidence of liver disease had radio-immunoassay positive tests for HBsAg. The difference was significant (P less than 0,01). In 56 of the patients with PLC it was possible to assess the nature of associated liver disease histologically. HBsAg was found in the sera of 66,6% of patients with postcollapse cirrhosis and in 22,2% of patients with chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome. It is likely that the role played by hepatitis B infection in the pathogenesis of PLC varies according to local circumstances in different geographical areas. PMID- 715633 TI - Anterior sacral meningoceles. AB - Three cases of the extremely rare lesion, anterior sacral meningocele, are reported. Its mode of presentation, pathology and possible methods of treatment are reviewed. PMID- 715634 TI - Postpartum veno-occlusive disease treated with ascitic fluid reinfusion. AB - Three patients presenting in the postpartum period with veno-occlusive disease not related to the ingestion of pyrrolizidine alkaloids are described. The patients were treated by intravenous reinfusion of the ascitic fluid. This form of therapy has, to our knowledge, not previously been reported in the management of this condition. PMID- 715635 TI - Herpes zoster of the chest wall and gynaecomastia. A case report. AB - Herpes zoster in a young male at puberty, associated with aggravation of gynaecomastia on the same side as the intercostal nerve involvement, is described. PMID- 715636 TI - The 1973 CPS-IRS-SSA exact match study. AB - The 1973 CPS-IRS-SSA Exact Match Study--a joint undertaking of the Social Security Administration and the Bureau of the Census--links survey records for persons in the March 1973 Current Population Survey to their respective earnings and benefit information in SSA administrative records and to selected items from their 1972 Internal Revenue Service individual income tax returns. The resulting set of files provides a very broad base for cross-section and longitudinal analyses of income-distribution questions. This article attempts to provide an overview of the techniques employed in the study. Among the topics discussed are the confidentiality requirements in force during the project. The original study goals are also described and a list of some of the completed research is provided. PMID- 715637 TI - Effects of OASDI benefit increase, June 1978. PMID- 715638 TI - Recent social security developments in Japan. PMID- 715639 TI - Cash benefits for short-term sickness, 1948--76. AB - National income-maintenance programs provide cash benefits when workers become unemployed, retire, are injured on the job, have a long-term disability, or die. For short-term sickness, however, only five States, one other jurisdiction, and a single industry require wage-replacement protection. Voluntary plans cover a substantial number of additional workers, including many whose protection was established through labor-management negotiations. In this annual update of estimates on the extent of protection provided, many of the historical statistics have been revised back to 1967 as a result of new information on the amount of sick-leave benefits paid to employees of the Federal Government. The effects of the new data on the benefit series are examined, as are trends in the provision of sickness benefits for maternity--an issue subject to considerable recent controversy. PMID- 715640 TI - Access to social security microdata files for research and statistical purposes. AB - This article focuses on the characteristics of SSA microdata files and on the development of a disclosure policy aimed at serving the public interest while protecting the privacy of individuals and the confidentiality of research and statistical information. Several dimensions of the disclosure question are explored: A description of the persons (both living and dead) and other entities that are the data subjects; the ability of users to associate known data subjects with information about them; the sources of data; expectations as to recontact of data subjects; and the terms and conditions under which microdata are released to users outside SSA. The factors controlling the decision whether or not to release microdata are discussed. The factors range from those intended to protect the data subject--the criteria specified by law for maintaining confidentiality for example and the principles applied by SSA in assessment of disclosure risk--to those more concerned with agency function, such as financial cost to the agency, and interference with its primary mission. Some particular practices are described to illustrate application of present policy principles. Brief attention is given to future implications of certain current developments such as the Privacy Act, the Sunshine Act, and the Tax Reform Act of 1976. PMID- 715641 TI - Student OASDI beneficiaries: program utilization and educational aspirations. AB - This article describes the past, current, and projected utilization of social security student benefits by children receiving them in December 1972. Of the nearly 2 million children aged 18--21 estimated to eligible in 1972, about one third were actually receiving benefits at the end of the year. School enrollment rates by age and race for the beneficiary and total populations were remarkably similar. Nearly half the students with benefits in current-payment status had been initially awarded benefits as children 5 or more years earlier. An estimated 68 percent of those in the sample were expected to have fulfilled their undergraduate plans before benefits were terminated because of the age cutoff. Multivariate analysis revealed that the amount of the monthly benefit has a significant nonlinear relationship with the beneficiary's plans to continue in school. The median cumulative benefit received was projected to be just over $5,000 for those intending 4 or more years of college. PMID- 715642 TI - Social security and job-creation measures: recent French experience. PMID- 715643 TI - Symptomatic anomalies of the aortic arch. AB - Twenty-eight patients with anomalies of the aortic arch producing compression of the trachea and the esophagus have undergone surgical correction at this hospital since 1949. Of the vascular rings encountered, 15 had a double aortic arch and eight, a right aortic arch with a constricting ligamentum arteriosum. Five had an aberrant right subclavian artery passing posterior to the esophagus producing dysphagia. The patients with the double aortic arch were all infants. Two of the patients with a right arch and constricting ligamentum arteriosum and one patient with a retroesophageal subclavian artery were adults. Stridor from pressure on the trachea was the common symptom in the infants. The diagnosis was confirmed by esophagograms; aortography was less helpful. The surgical approach was the same for all of the anomalies, through a posterolateral incision in the left fourth interspace. For the double arches, the smaller limb, usually the anterior, was divided. Division of the ligament relieved the constriction of the right aortic arches, and the anomalous right subclavian artery was divided near the aorta. There were no hospital deaths, but one infant with a double aortic arch operated upon at the age of two weeks and with a tracheostomy died at home seven months later. PMID- 715644 TI - Histopathologic study of subcutaneous mastectomy specimens from patients with carcinoma of the contralateral breast. AB - Fifty subcutaneous mastectomy specimens, each of which were removed from a patient who had previously undergone radical or modified radical mastectomy of the contralateral breast for carcinoma, were age and date matched to a control group of patients with which carcinoma was not associated. The patients were evaluated with regard to specific types of epithelial proliferative lesions and other entities of fibrocystic disease without knowledge of their group membership. The results included a statistically significant dominance of certain epithelial hyperplasias in the study population and a lack of statistical significance in intergroup difference of some previously suspected lesions, such as sclerosing adenosis and gross cystic disease. It is concluded that the recognition of those forms of epitheliosis associated with carcinoma may help in the management of patients at high clinical risk for carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 715645 TI - Normothermic hepatic vascular exclusion for extensive hepatectomy. AB - In humans, there is still considerable controversy concerning the tolerance of the liver to warm ischemia. To avoid anoxic hepatocellular damage, chilled intraportal and intra-arterial infusion has been advised as an adjunct to hepatic vascular isolation. Fourteen patients with hepatic tumors underwent extensive hepatic resection, complete hepatic vascular exclusion being used but without the use of refrigeration. This procedure may considerably reduce blood loss during resection of large and hypervascular hepatic tumors and increase the safety of hazardous lobectomies. Careful hemodynamic monitoring including pulmonary artery pressure is necessary. Hepatic tolerance to prolonged warm ischemia up to 65 minutes is surprisingly good, in the absence of preoperative, extensive hepatic dysfunction. The use of this procedure is advised for resection of large hepatic tumors when the technical risks appear to be high. It is suggested that the classical delay of 15 to 20 minutes of normothermic hepatic ischemia may be safely extended to about one hour when necessary. PMID- 715646 TI - Hypercalcemia in thyrotoxicosis. AB - Hypercalcemia occurs in approximately one of every five patients with thyrotoxicosis, and one of seven patients with hypercalcemia and thyrotoxicosis will have hyperparathyroidism as the cause of the serum calcium elevation. While there are no clinical features which permit easy identification of patients with hyperparathyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, determination of serum parathyroid hormone levels may help. Parathyroid hormone levels may be normal or suppressed if hypercalcemia is due to hyperthyroidism alone, and an elevated parathyroid hormone level suggest coexisting hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 715647 TI - The anatomic and metabolic source of lactate in shock. AB - The size of the lactate pool in canine shock was measured directly by determining the lactate concentration of various organs. All organs tested, except skeletal muscle, had lactate concentrations similar to those of arterial blood. Skeletal muscles had much higher concentrations of lactate than did arterial blood. When 14C-labeled glucose was infused intravenously, it was concluded from the relative specific activities of glucose and lactate in blood that about one-third of lactic acid originates from blood glucose in shock. Only skeletal muscle had lower lactate specific activity than did blood. This is a possible indication that skeletal muscle is the site of production of lactate. Low glucose specific activity in muscle indicates massive glycogen breakdown, which probably serves as a metabolic precursor of lactate. Lactate production from amino acids produced by proteolysis could also play a role. PMID- 715648 TI - Cephalothin-tobramycin as a preventive antibiotic combination. AB - Antimicrobial therapy should never be used indiscriminately, nor can it take the place of meticulous surgical technique. Appropriate antimicrobial agents administered within the critical time period and in the recommended dosage to achieve adequate serum concentrations effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative wound and other systemic infections. The low incidence of infection and virtual absence of adverse effects strongly suggest that cephalothin tobramycine combination therapy is a valuable adjunct in emergency surgical procedures. PMID- 715649 TI - Perioperative suppression of the leukocyte migration inhibition assay in patients undergoing elective operations. AB - The effect of anesthesia and operation on immunity measured by leukocyte migration inhibition using streptokinase-streptodornase is reported in normal patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Eight-five per cent of the patients exhibited postoperative immunosuppression, and this persisted for 60 days or longer in more than half of them. Despite this, no complication was encountered relating to wound healing or sepsis. PMID- 715650 TI - Protection of organs during experimental ischemia. AB - Cell death complicating ischemia has profound local or systematic effects on the organism. We have tried to protect the small intestine and severed extremities from the effects of ischemia by using various drugs and techniques. Occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 1.5 hours in anesthesized, fed rats had a 97 per cent mortality. This was improved by pretreatment with methylprednisolone and amplicillin given together. Histologic preservation was seen in treated survivors. Chlorpheniramine, diphenylhydantion and methylprednisolone or amplicillin given alone had little, if any, effect. In dogs, reimplantation of severed extremities subjected to a 1.5 to two hour warm ischemic period resulted in toxic systemic picture, and 100 per cent mortality. This was improved by perfusion with Collins solution and postoperative injection of methylprednisolone. The incidence of gangrene was decreased. The judicious use of some drugs and preservation techniques may protect organs and the organism from the consequence of ischemia. PMID- 715651 TI - Comparison of expanded polytetrafluroethylene and autologous saphenous vein grafts in high risk arterial reconstructions for limb salvage. AB - Polytetrafluoroethylene bypasses were used in a series of 56 reconstructions, to the popliteal artery in 45 instances or below in 11 instances. These were performed in high risk situations in patients who usually did not have a suitable saphenous vein. Autologous saphenous vein bypass grafts were performed in a comparable series of 56 high risk situations. The polytetrafluoroethylene reconstruction was patent at four to 14 months in 43 of 45 patients having femoropopliteal bypasses, with limb salvage in 39 of the 45. The saphenous vein bypass was patent at eight to 14 months in 39 of 45 patients having femoropopliteal reconstructions, with limb salvage in 36 of the 45. Distal--small vessel--bypass patency rates were similar for reconstructions with polytetrafluoroethylene and saphenous vein. No increase in the number of deaths or complications was observed in the polytetrafluoroethylene group, rather, a general reduction was noted in the operating time and in the incidence of wound complications. These results justify the continued use of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in patients without saphenous veins who require arterial reconstructions of the lower extremity for limb salvage. The exact place of polytetrafluorethylene grafts in reconstructive surgery of arteries in the lower extremity awaits definition based upon longer periods of observation. PMID- 715652 TI - Changes of gastric blood flow in experimentally induced cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 715653 TI - Augury and lament for the surgical scrub. PMID- 715654 TI - A modification in the technique of making the Koch ileostomy pouch. AB - This minor modification in the original technique assures greater security and permanence of the nipple, yet takes no longer to perform than the original procedure. The steps have been defined in a manner calculated to simplify the technique for the surgeon who is not already familiar with the operation. PMID- 715655 TI - A technique for vaginal oophorectomy. AB - If retention or removal of the postmenopausal ovary is to receive similar attention at vaginal hysterectomy as at abdominal hysterectomy, more consideration must be given to the development of safe and secure techniques for vaginal oophorectomy. Technical problems relating to exposure and accessibility are obviously more pronounced with a transvaginal surgical approach. When salpingo-oophorectomy is surgically inaccessible, oophorectomy may often be performed. A stitch embodying a single penetration of the mesovarium is described for suture ligation. PMID- 715656 TI - A technique for the proximal anastomosis in saphenous vein femoropopliteal bypass. PMID- 715657 TI - Results and merit of estrogen receptor data derived from metastatic tumors of the breast. AB - It is clear that a variety of metastatic deposits can successfully be assayed and found to contain estrogen receptor protein even up to 13 years following the initial tumor surgical procedure. Whether or not the patient has received previous treatment, estrogen receptor status does not appear to be influenced, and biopsies of the 23 metastatic lesions were found to contain estrogen receptors. Fourteen of nineteen patients with metastatic tumors containing estrogen receptors who were treated and evaluated demonstrated remission after hormonal manipulation. Only one patient with a tumor with no estrogen receptors demonstrated tumor regression after hypophysectomy and suggests that a previous response to hormone manipulation may warrant a further trial even when estrogen receptors are not found. The results of estrogen receptor values on metastatic disease of the breasts are extremely valuable in the therapeutic decision making process and should be routinely obtained. PMID- 715658 TI - Experience in selective operations in the management of penetrating wounds of the neck. AB - Experience with 100 patients demonstrated that a selective approach to penetrating injuries of the neck can be accomplished without increasing morbidity and mortality. However, this selective approach must be done in a setting in which there are adequate nursing and house staffs. Facilities and personnel to perform arteriography and other diagnostic tests must also be available. Otherwise, observation would be unsafe, and it would be in the best interest of the patient to choose immediate operative intervention. PMID- 715659 TI - Transcatheter embolization of autologous clot in the management of bleeding associated with fractures of the pelvis. AB - Extraperitoneal hemorrhage, associated with a fracture of the pelvis, is a major cause of death in pedestrian accidents. Transfusion alone may be unsatisfactory. Direct control of bleeding may be required. Surgically, this may be technically difficult or inadequate. Transcatheter embolization of autologous clot was used to control hemorrhage in three patients with such a fracture. If laparotomy is required immediately, arteriography of the pelvic area may be done postoperatively, If laparotomy is not performed, arteriography may define pelvic bleeding sites. Transcatheter embolization of autologous clot controls hemorrhage from branches of the hypogastric artery. PMID- 715660 TI - Evaluation of intraoperative arteriography as a routine for vascular reconstructions. AB - A retrospective analysis of 391 intraoperative arteriograms performed after reconstruction operations on the carotid, aorta and lower extremity vasculature showed the value of incorporating this procedure as a routine only for the last mentioned site. Identification and correction of inadequacies due to technique are possible. Revisions in technique based upon these experiences have significantly diminished their incidence. Routine intraoperative arteriography for revascularization procedures of the lower extremity has further enabled us to classify reliably the runoff and correlate these findings with subsequent graft patency. Late graft closure, predominantly due to progressive or accelerated obliterating atherosclerosis in the distal circulation, occurred almost exclusively within the first year following reconstruction in those patients identified as having poor runoff by intraoperative arteriography. This group, in particular, should be closely monitored by noninvasive physiologic means and even post-operative arteriography to enable either prophylactic or therapeutic correction. In some instances, based upon intraoperative arteriography or subsequent studies, fruitless and potentially harmful reoperative vascular procedures may be obviated. PMID- 715661 TI - The use of heparin bonded shunts for perfusion of the renal artery during resection of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - During resection of certain complicated aortic abdominal aneurysms, the circulation of the renal artery may require separate perfusion. To achieve this in a simplified manner, a heparin bonded shunt has been used for continuous perfusion of the kidney. This has been used in patients with a horseshoe kidney undergoing aortic aneurysmectomy; for intraoperative perfusion of a previously inserted saphenous vein to renal artery graft for renovascular hypertension and in simultaneous correction of an aortic aneurysm and insertion of a renal artery graft for hypertension. In each situation, the technique worked well with minimal heparinization and excellent results. PMID- 715662 TI - Microsurgical techniques in experimental lymphedema of the rabbit ear. AB - One of the main obstacles to the study of changes occurring in lymphedema and the effects of various therapeutic modalities has been the lack of a reproducible inexpensive experimental model. We believe that the rabbit ear model satisfies this requirement permitting both evaluation of changes which lead to development of lymphedema as well as evaluation of the efficacy of microsurgical techniques. PMID- 715663 TI - A comparison of the open and closed methods of anastomosis for colostomy closure. AB - A transverse colostomy was performed in dogs and, later, closed by resection and anastomosis. Half the anastomoses were done by the open and half by the closed method. The anastomoses were evaluated by barium enema series and by gross and microscopic examination. All anastomoses functioned well, but barium enema series showed great variation in the lumina diameter. Results of histologic studies revealed evidence of more inflammation and reaction about the open method. PMID- 715664 TI - A review of one hundred and fifty thyroidectomies following prior irradiation to the head, neck and upper part of the chest. AB - The records of 150 patients who had operations on the thyroid following prior irradiation to the head, neck and chest regions were analyzed. The over-all incidence of carcinoma of the thyroid in these patients was 32 per cent; however, 8.6 per cent of these were occult microscopic tumors. The technetium scan was found to be a reliable method of identifying nodules of the thyroid, while physical examination proved to be a less accurate method of nodule detection. The multifocal nature of the disease was confirmed in this series in which a 68 per cent incidence of residual carcinoma was detected in patients in whom reoperation was required. PMID- 715665 TI - Urgent gastrointestinal tract operations upon patients whose wounds heal poorly. PMID- 715666 TI - Surgical pros and cons. PMID- 715667 TI - Surgical pros and cons. PMID- 715668 TI - A neoclassical radical mastectomy. PMID- 715670 TI - Carotid endarterectomy--the rationale. PMID- 715669 TI - Colposcopy in anorectal disease. AB - If used properly, colposcopy will increase the scope of anorectal examination. It will allow for more precise diagnosis and early diagnosis of rectal, anal and perianal neoplasis during dysplastic phase. It is accepted today that, in its natural course, neoplastic lesions progress from dysplasia through intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive cancer as an interrelated function of time and immunologic status. If dysplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia is present for ten years prior to invasion, as has been suggested, the use of colposcopy in the younger aged patients could help reduce the incidence of invasive disease later. PMID- 715671 TI - A plea for early recognition of late vascular prosthetic failure. PMID- 715672 TI - Colostomy prolapse. PMID- 715673 TI - Balloon and lateral wall pressures during use of balloon embolectomy catheters. PMID- 715674 TI - The necessity of increased doses of amikacin in burn patients. AB - Extended periods (6 to 9 hours) of subtherapeutic serum amikacin levels were observed in five burn patients receiving the recommended intravenous dose of 7.5 mg/kg every 12 hours. Kinetic studies revealed an unusually short half-life, especially in younger patients. This more rapid elimination necessitated a shorter dosing interval (every 6 hours), resulting in an increased daily dose (30 mg/kg/day). In this study of 10 patients with normal renal function, an intravenous dosage regimen of 7.5 mg/kg every 6 hours resulted in therapeutic peak concentrations and shortened intervals of subtherapeutic serum concentrations. A transient episode of tinnitus without cochlear damage occurred in one patient after the first dose. Neither ototoxicity nor nephrotoxicity occurred in any of the patients. Because of interpatient variability in amikacin elimination, frequent monitoring of serum levels with necessary dosage changes is imperative to provide optimal serum concentrations. However, it must be emphasized that these increased dosage regimens of amikacin are not suggested for routine use without previously measuring serum levels. PMID- 715675 TI - Should flexible fiberoptic endoscopy replace barium contrast study of the upper gastrointestinal tract? PMID- 715676 TI - Effects of lysolecithin on isolated gastric mucosa. AB - The effects of lysolecithin, a normal constituent of duodenal juice, on gastric mucosa were measured under isolated conditions. In a relatively low concentration (0.5 mg/ml), lysolecithin, added to the luminal side, caused liberation of organic acids without altering the spontaneous rate of mineral (i.e., HCl) acid secretion by fundic mucosa. The low concentration of lysolecithin also did not appear to affect other active ion transport processes or permeability of either fundic or antral mucosa. However, at a higher concentration (1 mg/ml) lysolecithin inhibited spontaneous mineral acid secretion by fundus, altered active transport of other ions, and increased mucosal permeability of both fundic and antral mucosa. The results suggest that intraluminal lysolecithin in concentrations found in vivo may contribute to gastric mucosal damage. PMID- 715677 TI - The choleretic action of cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin octapeptide in dogs. AB - Mongrel dogs were prepared by cholecystectomy, ligation of the lesser pancreatic duct, and insertion of gastric and duodenal cannulas. The common bile duct was cannulated through the duodenal fistula for bile collection while the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts was maintained by intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate. Cholecystokinin (CCK) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK OP) caused increased bile flow and had no influence on the biliary clearance of erythritol. The results indicate that the predominant mechanism of CCK and CCK-OP choleresis is due to ductular stimulation. PMID- 715678 TI - The determination of lymph shed by colloidal gold scanning in patients with malignant melanoma: a preliminary study. AB - Colloidal gold radionucleotide 198Au scanning can demonstrate the direction of regional lymphatic drainage in patients with primary malignant melanoma. Each of 32 patients with primary melanoma of the trunk received an intradermal injection of 0.1 mCi of 198Au colloid around the primary melanoma site. Imaging was accomplished with a tomographic scanner 24 hours following the injection. Twenty seven of these patients underwent 36 regional lymph node dissections; nine had nodal metastases histologically demonstrated in the area (s) of nucleotide uptake. In clinical evaluation of up to 55 weeks, no patients demonstrated regional lymph node metastases in node groups which did not show preoperative gold uptake. Early evidence shows excellent correlation between the route of regional lymph node metastases and the direction of lymphatic flow to regional node groups, as demonstrated by gold colloid scanning. This procedure may be useful for evaluating patients with histologically defined high risk melanomas situated on the trunk in areas which drain to one or more lymph node regions. PMID- 715679 TI - Physical training of patients with intermittent claudication: indications, methods, and results. AB - Supervised dynamic physical training for 4 to 6 months as a treatment of intermittent claudication was studied in 148 patients who had clearcut symptoms for more than 6 months. Nineteen patients could not complete the planned training program because of cardiac complications, rapid progress of the disease, intercurrent disease, or social reasons. Before the training was started, walking tolerance and calf blood flow were determined. The intensity of each training session (three times per week) was adjusted to the patient's cardiac tolerance as predicted by the cardiac tolerance test. The walking ability increased in 88% of the patients and the average increase was 234%, while the calf blood flow remained unchanged. After the training period, more than 40% of the patients could walk 1,000 m or more. The increase in walking ability was independent of the location of the atherosclerotic lesion or the presence of diabetes. It is concluded that physical training is a good alternative to reconstructive surgery in the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication. It does not interfere with the surgical possibility if operation becomes necessary in the immediate or later course of the disease. PMID- 715680 TI - Replacement of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins with heterologous grafts in animal tests. AB - The use of a modified bovine collagen graft as a low-pressure conduit was investigated by implantation into the iliocaval system of dogs. In the 210 day observation period, a patency rate of 87.5% was achieved. Nearly all graft failures occured within the first 14 days following implantation; failure after that time did not seem to be dependent upon length of time of implantation. Progressive organization of the neointima was seen histologically. New smooth muscle fibers were observed in the neointima with electron microscopic evidence of reconstitution of the subendothelial membrane. Continuing resorption of graft collagen coincided with its replacement by newly developed collagen type III fibers in a surface-parallel orientation. PMID- 715681 TI - Occult splenic abscess: an unrecognized complication of heroin abuse. AB - Despite increased recognition of surgical problems related to narcotic addiction, splenic abscess has not been commonly recognized as such a complication. Seven male patients with splenic abscess secondary to heroin abuse have been treated. Six had bacterial endocarditis. Symptoms were nonspecific. Splenomegaly in two patients was the only useful physical finding. Five patients had left pleural effusion, of which three were proven to be empyemas. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen of of bacterial endocarditis and splenic abscess. The splenic scan was diagnostic. All patients recovered following curative splenectomy. PMID- 715682 TI - Evaluation of surgical response in renovascular hypertension using angiotensin II blockade. AB - The mechanisms involved in residual or recurrent hypertension following operation to correct renal artery stenosis were studied in 10 patients by performing angiotensin II blockade with Saralasin (Sarcosine, alanine, angiotensin II) before and after operation. Peripheral renin and renal vein renin determinations, angiography, and renography were done as well. The limitations of renin determinations are cited and the application of angiotensin II blockade as a specific method of detecting renin-dependent hypertension before and after operation are presented. Saralasin infusion under the controlled conditions of our study proved to be a sensitive method for detection of renin-dependent hypertension. The results of Saralasin infusion correlated closely with peripheral and renal vein renin determinations. Thus angiotensin II blockade before and after operation may supercede more invasive and less specific diagnostic methods. PMID- 715683 TI - Pharmacological vs. mechanical reduction in portal pressure: a comparative study. AB - Previous studies have shown that decreasing blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) by the infusion of intra-arterial vasopressin into or partial mechanical obstruction of the SMA by a balloon catheter (partial balloon obstruction) causes similar alterations in splanchnic hemodynamics, but divergent changes in systemic hemodynamics. The effects of these two methods of reducing SMA blood flow were compared in each of six anesthetized normal dogs. Vasopressin and partial balloon obstruction induce similar reductions in portal pressure (-54 +/- 12% vs. -46 +/- 11%), wedge hepatic vein pressure (-54 +/- 13% vs. -53 +/- 18%), and portal venous flow (-34 +/- 7% vs. -37 +/- 7%). Significantly different effects between intra-arterial vasopressin and partial balloon obstruction were observed, however, in cardiac output (a decrease of -24 +/- 5% vs. an increase of +12 +/- 4%) (P less than 0.001), heart rate (-8 +/- 3% vs. 0) (P less than 0.05), and systemic vascular resistance (+36 +/- 8% vs. -2 +/- 2%) (P less than 0.005), respectively. These results indicate that the two procedures are equally effective in reducing portal venous pressure and blood flow. Partial balloon obstruction, however, does not induce the potentially deleterious systemic hemodynamic effects seen with vasopressin infusion. In fact, some of the changes observed with partial balloon obstruction, especially the increase in cardiac output, are considered to be beneficial. In an additional five dogs, partial balloon obstruction was maintained for 5 hours. Throughout, the reduction in portal venous pressure (hepatic venous wedge minus hepatic venous free pressure) was maintained at less than half of the baseline levels (4.75 +/- 0.43 vs. 2.25 +/- 0.32 mm Hg), and the mean arterial pressure at baseline values. All of the dogs survived and were well at 1 week after the prolonged partial obstruction. No abnormalities were observed in the anatomical or histological studies of the small intestine. This study suggests that partial balloon obstruction of the SMA has theoretical therapeutic advantages over intra-arterial vasopressin for reducing portal venous pressure. PMID- 715684 TI - Preduodenal portal vein: its surgical significance. AB - Preduodenal portal vein is a rare anatomical variant which may be one of many anomalies in the neonate with duodenal "atresia." Preduodenal portal vein also may be an occasional finding in an adult undergoing biliary, gastric, or pancreatic surgery. Awareness and recognition of the anomaly are essential for the avoidance of injury during such operations. We report here a symptomless patient whose preduodenal portal vein was discovered at cholecystectomy. PMID- 715685 TI - Clinical application of induction of inflammation with autogenous blood? PMID- 715686 TI - Comparison of techniques of autotransfusion. AB - At least nine different autotransfusion devices have been evaluated experimentally or clinically. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. The major problems involve concepts of extracorporeal anticoagulation and the logistics of operating the equipment. PMID- 715687 TI - Emergency unit autotransfusion. PMID- 715688 TI - Intraoperative autotransfusion with the Bentley ATS-100. PMID- 715689 TI - Autotransfusion in cardiac surgical patients after operation. PMID- 715690 TI - Intraoperative autotransfusion. PMID- 715691 TI - Extraoperative autotransfusion from hemothorax. PMID- 715692 TI - Autotransfusion: the use of washed red cells as an adjunct to component therapy. PMID- 715693 TI - Vascular surgery--is it different? AB - In 1972 the Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter of the International Cardiovascular Society recommended that the American Board of Surgery establish a method for the certification of special competence in vascular surgery. The American Board of Surgery in 1974 judged that, for the present, vascular surgery training best could be upgraded by certifying training programs and not individuals. The Residency Review Committee for Surgery now has approved guidelines which define acceptable vascular surgery training programs. These guidelines require approval of the American Medical Association and the governing bodies of the Liaison Committee for Graduate Medical Education before accreditation procedures can be implemented. It is proposed that vascular surgery is different enough from general surgery and cardiothoracic surgery so that special training programs are needed. Vascular surgeons require a fund of knowledge and surgical skills beyond that learned in most surgical programs as well as a special experience with vascular operations if they are to provide optimal patient care. Acceptance of the principle of the accreditation of surgeons caring for vascular surgical problems is an important step in the upgrading of vascular surgery. PMID- 715694 TI - Rational approach to the differentiation of vascular and neurogenic claudication. AB - Lower extremity pain caused by exercise but relieved by rest is usually a reliable symptom of chronic arterial insufficiency. However, similar discomfort often occurs in patients with neurospinal compression. Furthermore, arterial occlusive disease and demonstrable spinal stenosis may be present simultaneously. Fifty-two patients with symptoms suggesting intermittent claudication comprised the study group. All were proven to have a nonarterial cause of their complaint. The study consists of a retrospective analysis of the diagnostic methods used in confirming the proper diagnosis. Conclusions reached suggest a rational approach to solution of individual patient problems. The nonvascular origin of the symptoms was suggested initially by clinical evaluation in 19 patients, and by noninvasive arterial evaluation in an additional 22. The neurospinal origin of symptoms was obscured in 11 patients because of the presence of significant arterial occlusive disease, as demonstrated by nominvasive arterial testing. Seven of the 11 patients underwent arterial reconstruction, which failed to relieve their symptoms. Subsequently, the neurospinal origin of these symptoms was proven by appropriate treatment. This experience has shown that the errors in diagnosis and treatment could have been avoided by using a combined diagnostic approach, correlating results of an accurate clinical evaluation with noninvasive arterial testing as well as the findings shown on lumbosacral spine films. PMID- 715695 TI - Extended profundoplasty for limb salvage. AB - Extended profundoplasty was performed in 50 limbs of 39 patients for relief of rest pain or gangrene. This operation was effective in 95% of the limbs operated on because of rest pain, and in 54.5% of the limbs operated on because of gangrene. In 32 limbs the popliteal artery was patent. Profundoplasty was successful in relieving ischemic symptoms in all but two limbs. Postoperative ankle pressures were increased consistently in the improved limbs. In 18 limbs the popliteal artery was occluded. Profundoplasty abolished the ischemic symptoms in 13 limbs. Ankle pressures did not increase consistently in limbs that were clinically improved in this group. The authors believe that restoring blood flow and pressure to the profunda femoris artery and its branches, by means of open endarterectomy and patch graft, can salvage limbs which otherwise would be fated for amputation. As such, it represents a reasonable alternative to bypass grafting, and in some cases it is the procedure of choice for the patient with threatened tissue loss. PMID- 715696 TI - New approaches to limb salvage by extended extra-anatomic bypasses and prosthetic reconstructions to foot arteries. AB - Because our femoropopliteal reconstructions with expanded polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) and saphenous vein have comparable patency rates up to 22 months, we used this prosthetic for longer, more complex bypasses for limb salvage. Fourteen axillopopliteal or cross-over axillopopliteal bypasses were performed largely because groin infection or deep femoral artery disease precluded standard procedures; 12 are patent up to 14 months. Five patients required a bypass from one femoral artery to an opposite leg artery; four are patent up to 17 months. Because of progressive necrosis, eight patients required a secondary extension from a femoropopliteal bypass to a distal artery; five are patent up to 12 months. Three patients required extra-anatomic bypass for leg or popliteal space infections; all achieved limb salvage up to 12 months. Twenty patients without other suitable proximal arteries required a bypass to the dorsalis pedis or anterior tibial artery at the ankle; 10 are patent up to 14 months. Eleven patients required posterior tibial bypass at or below the ankle; seven are patent up to 18 months. One postoperative death followed these 61 procedures. Thus these operaions with long PTFE grafts that cross multiple joints can salvage limbs for important periods of time with low risk. PMID- 715697 TI - Complications and treatment of popliteal aneurysms. AB - Because arteriosclerotic popliteal aneurysms so often present with complications, treatment results are less than optimal in contrast to aneurysms oat other sites. From 1963 to 1977, 40 surgically treated aneurysms in 30 patients were studied. Seventeen limbs presented as asymptomatic aneurysms (42.5%), four with pressure symptoms (10%), one with rupture and ischemia (2.5%), nine with acute thromboses and ischemia (22.5%), and nine with chronic ischemia and claudication (22.5%). Seventeen aneurysms were thrombosed (42.5%). Diameters of all aneurysms measured at operation ranged from 1.0 to 10 cm. It was of interest to note that, generally, larger aneurysms were patent, and thromboses were common in the smaller aneurysms, with an average diameter of 2.5 cm. Saphenous vein grafts were used most frequently for interpolation grafts (65%) and bypass grafts (12.5(). Prosthesis were used in 7.5%, endarterectomy and aneurysmorraphy in 5%. Popliteal reconstruction was accomplished initially in 40 limbs, with two early failures and 10 late failures with loss of two limbs. Cumulative patency rates for 40 limbs at risk at 5 and 10 years were 75.9%, at 14 years, 62.6%. Diagnosis is the most difficult aspect of this problem, as physical limitations impede early diagnosis. Thromboses being the natural history of popliteal aneurysms, early recognition and treatment are important to improve limb salvage rates. PMID- 715698 TI - Role of staging in bilateral carotid endarterectomy. AB - Staging of bilateral carotid endarterectomies 1 to 6 weeks apart has been recommended because of presumed excessive morbidity chiefly related to respiratory problems, hypertension, and neurological deficits. Since data regarding the timing of the second procedure are lacking, an analysis of 79 consecutive patients undergoing bilateral endarterectomies staged from 6 days to 34 months apart (median interval, 52 days) was performed. In addition to postoperative neurological deficits, however, transient perioperative mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) were compared after each side and were correlated with the time interval between the two procedures. No significant difference existed between the two sides in terms of preoperative hypertension, administration of steroids prior to clamping, intraoperative clamp time, the use of shunts, and the duration of operation (P greater than 0.05). Seven temporary neurological deficits occurred after operation, six after the first and one after the second endarterectomy. One permanent deficit following operation on the second side led to the only death (0.6%) in this series. Both neurological deficits (one temporary and one permanent) following the second endarterectomy occurred after procedures staged more than 60 days apart. No differences in mean SBP and DBP existed between patients with and without neurological deficits. Statistical analysis of SBP and DBP recordings during and 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after operation when the two were staged 7 days (nine patients), 8 to 14 days (five patients), 15 to 30 days (10 patients), 30 to 60 days (17 patients), and more than 60 days (38 patients) apart revealed significantly higher readings after the second procedure, only in patients staged greater than 60 days (P less than 0.05). Therefore, in our experience, neurological deficits were less common after the second endarterectomy, and, although postoperative blood pressures were higher after the second side, these were significant only in patients staged more than 60 days apart. We find no evidence to suggest that increasing the waiting period between bilateral procedures will lower the incidence of undesirable neurological sequelae. PMID- 715699 TI - Hemodynamic assessment and surgical correction of kinking of the internal carotid artery. AB - Although kinking of the internal carotid artery has been recognized for many years, the surgical significance of this lesion has remained controversial. The present study was designed to identify hemodynamic significance of kinking of the internal carotid artery using a positional testing technique with preoperative and postoperative noninvasive data that were correlated with intraoperative electromagnetic flow measurements to establish operative criteria. A fluid-filled oculoplethysmograph (OPG) was used to assess carotid artery flow in 26 patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms who had angiographic documentation of kinking of the internal carotid artery. OPG testing was done with the patient's head positioned first in the neutral, then in the right and left rotations, and then in extension-flexion positions. Sixteen patients underwent angioplasty. At operation electromagnetic flow measurements of the internal carotid artery were determined in these 16 patients with similar positional maneuvers. A reduction of flow from 30% to 80% was found on positional testing during operation in 14 of these 16, and all 14 of these patients also had abnormal preoperative OPG testing. After angioplasty, effects of position on internal carotid artery flow were eliminated, as proved by electromagnetic flowmeter measurements and by follow-up OPG studies in all 14 patients. The other two patients who had been subjected to surgical correction had no positional effects as documented by electromagnetic flowmeter testing. A high correlation between noninvasive data and operative flow measurements suggests that positional OPG testing is helpful in identifying hemodynamically significant kinking. Symptomatic patients with kinking of the internal carotid artery and abnormal OPG testing may be candidates for corrective surgery. PMID- 715700 TI - Staged and combined surgical approach to simultaneous carotid and coronary vascular disease. AB - Between 1969 and 1976, 174 patients were treated surgically for simultaneous carotid and coronary atherosclerosis. In 59 patients, staged carotid endarterectomy was performed a few days to 6 months prior to myocardial revascularization. Severe (more than 60% stenosis) coronary atherosclerosis affected a single vessel in 11 patients (19%), two vessels in 20 patients (34%), and three vessels in 28 patients (47%). Left ventricular contraction was impaired in 30 patients (51%). Nine patients (15%) had previous neurological symptoms, and 50 patients (85%) had asymptomatic carotid stenosis. One patient (1.5%) had a permanent stroke after carotid endarterectomy. There were no permanent strokes after staged myocardial revascularization, and the early mortality rate was 1.7%. Combined carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization were performed in 115 patients with severe cardiac disease. Coronary atherosclerosis affected a single vessel in 10 patients (9%), two vessels in 39 patients (34%), and three vessels in 66 patients (57%). Left ventricular impairment was present in 72 patients (63%). Thirty-five patients (30%) had previous neurological symptoms, and 80 patients (70%) had asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Five patients (4.3%) had permanent strokes after combined revascularization, and four of these patients had occlusion or severe stenosis of the contralateral internal carotid artery. The early mortality rate was 4.3%, but no deaths could be attributed to carotid repair. The results suggest that significant simultaneous carotid and coronary atherosclerosis should be corrected in selected patients by staged operations when feasible. In the presence of severe cardiac disease, a combined precedure may be performed in face of higher risk of intraoperative stroke. PMID- 715701 TI - Management of acute lower extremity arterial ischemia due to embolism and thrombosis. AB - Despite a general impression to the contrary, a recent survey showed that the current mortality rate for acute arterial ischemia approximates 25%. Much of this apparently relates to toxins and procoagulants released from the dying limb, a tendency which may be enhanced further by attempts at revascularization. Based on these observations, we have utilized selective management of acute arterial ischemia in an attempt to minimize deaths and to salvage the maximum number of limbs. If the patient presents within 6 to 8 hours of the onset of acute arterial occlusion and if paralysis or anesthesia is present, then ultimate limb loss is likely. The therapeutic choices are high-dose heparin therapy, operative removal of the clot, or amputation of the limb--the ultimate choice being dependent upon the particular status of the patient. But if sensation and motor function are present, viability of the limb is not threatened, and good results can be obtained by utilizing anticoagulation and delayed elective revascularization, if the latter is indicated. But revascularization attempts after 10 to 12 hours of severe ischemia often are unsuccessful, and ischemia is followed by either recurrent thrombosis and ultimate limb loss, or by death from the systemic effects of reperfusion of ischemic tissue. This type of limb is managed best by using high-dose heparin therapy if viable, or by amputation if it is not. Employing the above criteria, 54 patients with acute arterial ischemia averaging 59 years of age, were treated. Seventeen had immediate thrombectomy, yielding two deaths and four subsequent amputations. Twenty-nine received anticoagulation treatment, resulting in one death and five amputations, and six had immediate amputation, yielding one death. Three had no specific treatment, with one poor result. There were four deaths in the entire series--a mortality rate of 7.5%- and two thirds of the limbs were salvaged. We have concluded that selective management, as prescribed above, was responsible for a significant decrease in mortality rate with no corresponding increase in limb loss, and that high-dose heparin therapy ultimately may prove the initial treatment of choice in all cases of acute arterial ischemia. PMID- 715702 TI - The importance of combined multisegmental pressure and Doppler flow velocity studies in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. AB - The value of combined multisegmental pressures and quantitative Doppler flow velocity determinations in the preoperative vascular laboratory evaluation was analyzed in 100 consecutive patients with angiographically documented peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Several new observations were made: (1) erroneously normal or even high segmental pressure readings appear to be caused by increased arterial wall stiffness and may produce falsely elevated or erroneously normal pressure, suggesting less disease than exists, especially when only ankle pressure screening is used. (2) The addition of quantitative flow velocity determinations significantly improved the reliability of diagnostic decision making. The diagnosis of proximal arterial occlusive disease based on combined pressure-velocity measurements was confirmed angiographically in 143 of 148 limb studies (96.6%), including several with normal pressures and reduced velocity values--a pressure-velocity dissociation. (3) A decrease of the leg segment:arm pressure ratio combined with only a slight reduction of velocity indices suggests a stenosis with good local collateral flow and vessel patency at the site of measurement--a reversed pressure-velocity dissociation. (4) A decreased lower limb segment/arm pressure ratio combined with a significant reduction of velocity indices is evidence of arterial stenosis with poor local collateral flow. The combined multisegmental pressure and velocity evaluation of patients suspected of arterial occlusive disease substantially increases the reliability of noninvasive diagnosis and offers a new level of differential diagnostic interpretation. PMID- 715703 TI - The application of thermography in the study of coronary blood flow. AB - The technique presented in this paper is based on the authors' previous observations in which they found that artificial decrease of blood flow to a portion of the heart muscle leads to an immediate and proportional drop in the regional myocardial temperature. It appeared to the authors as a logical next step to apply the thermographic camera to a monitor and to record such changes in the human patient during coronary surgery and to use the data to draw conclusions applicable to regional blood supply and to blood flow through surgically inserted vein grafts. They found that, on the normothermic heart, there were well identifiable "cold" patches corresponding with areas of impaired coronary circulation. By infusion of blood to the ischemic myocardium through individual release of the bypass grafts, the thermogram responded by immediate appearance of "warm" spots corresponding with the areas supplied by the grafts. Even more dramatic demonstration of graft patency and outline of the area supplied by the graft could be performed by injecting cold saline solution into the grafted saphenous veins. In the author's experience this most interesting new method proved to be a useful tool in coronary surgery both as an adjunct in delineating ischemic areas and in proving the patency and efficiency of the grafts inserted. PMID- 715704 TI - Embolectomy catheter and endothelial healing. PMID- 715705 TI - [Current approaches to the transfusion of donor blood in acute blood loss]. PMID- 715707 TI - [Coagulopathy as a component of terminal conditions in every-day clinical practice]. PMID- 715706 TI - [Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome in various liver diseases]. PMID- 715708 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: survival and sequestration of erythrocytes]. PMID- 715709 TI - [Oxygen-transport function of blood and its change under the effect of hemodialysis in patients with complications of blood transfusion]. PMID- 715710 TI - [Change in the activity of blood plasma renin in chronic renal insufficiency during treatment with hemodialysis]. PMID- 715711 TI - [Reactions observed in blood donors and patients during cytapheresis on the blood cell separator]. PMID- 715712 TI - [Characteristics of the functional-morphological state of the gastroduodenal system in peptic ulcer associated with cholecystitis]. PMID- 715713 TI - [Cerebral symptoms of the post-splenectomy syndrome in osteomyelosclerosis]. PMID- 715714 TI - [Various characteristics of protracted course of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 715715 TI - [IgD myeloma]. PMID- 715716 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia]. PMID- 715717 TI - [Method of combined treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 715719 TI - [Place of surgical methods in diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 715718 TI - [Immediate effectiveness of polychemotherapy of Hodkin's disease according to the COPP program]. PMID- 715720 TI - [Clinical characteristics of Hodgkin's disease with lesions of the liver]. PMID- 715721 TI - [Diagnosis and the possibilities of prognosis of the stages of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 715722 TI - [Ultrastructure and proliferative activity of the hematopoietic cells of healthy children in vivo and in vitro]. PMID- 715723 TI - [Cryotherapy of Osler-Rendu disease]. PMID- 715724 TI - The morphogenesis of beta-aminopropionitrile-induced rib malformation in fetal golden Syrian hamsters. AB - In order to provide information on the mechanism of beta-aminopropionitrile (betaapn) induced teratogenesis, the pathogenesis of a fetal rib abnormality was studied at relatively short time intervals following maternal treatment with 2,500 mg/kg aqueous betaapn on day 11 of gestation. Histochemical tests of ribs from betaapn-exposed fetuses indicated a slight decrease in the level of glycosaminoglycans but at a time when the defect was already morphologically established. Ultrastructural observations on the chondrocytes of ribs from betaapn-exposed fetuses revealed alterations in mitochondrial structure indicative of a slight cytotoxic effect for the teratogen. The mitochondrial changes were transient, occurring initially at three hours after treatment and lasting for nine hours. Alterations in the size of collagen fibres in the cartilage of the fetal rib were also observed in the offspring of betaapn treated females. The mean diameter of collagen fibres in the ribs of control fetuses increased throughout the course of the study. The mean diameter of fibres in the fetuses of betaapn-exposed females failed to show any increase and was found to be significantly less than controls as early as three hours following maternal administration. The results suggested that the principal factor in the production of the fetal rib deformity was fundamentally the same as that known to affect the adult; namely a defect in the extracellular maturation of collagen. PMID- 715725 TI - The effect of trypan blue on the development of the ferret and rat. AB - The teratogenic effects of trypan blue given to pregnant rats and ferrets at equivalent stages of embryonic development are described. In the rat the well known teratogenicity of the dye at 8.5 days of gestation and the surprising cessation of teratogenic effect at 11.5 days (20+ somites) is confirmed. In the ferret the drug is teratogenic both at 13 and 18 days of gestation though the principal abnormalities seen are different to those described in the rat. It has been suggested that the teratogenic action of trypan blue in rats is due to an interference in the function of the yolk sac which is an organ of histiotrophic nutrition and provides the principal source of nutrition for the 8.5-day embryo that is largely replaced by a functional chorio-allantoic placenta after 11.5 days of gestation. In ferrets histiotrophic nutrition does not involve an inverted yolk sac placental system. In this species endometrial symplasma provides histiotroph which is ingested by the invading trophoblast. Histiotrophic nutrition is still of great importance at 18 days and morphological evidence indicates that chorio-allantoic placentation becomes important by about 20 days (35+ somites). PMID- 715726 TI - Delay in postnatal growth and development of offspring produced by maternal restraint stress during pregnancy in the rat. PMID- 715727 TI - Early changes in the mouse neuroepithelium preceding exencephaly induced by hypervitaminosis A. AB - Excess vitamin A orally administered to pregnant mice during neurulation causes most of the embryos to become exencephalic. The study presents light and electron microscopic observations that trace the origin and course of the early cellular and tissue alterations associated with the malformation. The main effects of the teratogen are seen in the neuroepithelial cells of the cephalic region of the presumptive nervous system. The degree to which each embryo is malformed varies but no matter how extensive the abnormalities in each embryo, the neuroepithelium is always affected and the lesions are similar. Mesodermal abnormalities appear only in the most seriously affected embryos. With the electron microscope, changes are apparent in the neuroepithelial cells within a few hours after maternal treatment. These changes include the formation of abnormally shaped nuclei with swollen nuclear envelopes, dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and formation of cytoplasmic inclusions that contain DNA and/or RNA. The inclusions are thought to arise as an autophagocytic response of the cells to the sub-lethal injury induced by the teratogen. In addition, a number of cells are more severely affected and degenerate. Light microscopic examination of serial sections reveals that by 20 hours after treatment, the neuroepithelium becomes disorganized: the cells are round and misaligned and intercellular connections are lost. We postulate that the early cellular alterations lead to a disruption of the architecture of the early neuroepithelium so that the neural folds fail to meet and close. The tissue may survive the initial insult, but continues to grow in the everted manner characteristic of exencephaly. PMID- 715728 TI - Use of dose-response relationships to discriminate between the mechanisms of cleft-palate induction by different teratogens: an argument for discussion. AB - The examples of 6-AN- and cortisone-induced cleft palate in the mouse suggest that dose-response studies can be used to discriminate whether mechanisms of action are different for different teratogens. Evidence for differences in the mechanisms of teratogenic action can be found in terms of the parameters of the response without reliance on other consequences of teratogen treatment. It is argued that the application of established biometrical models or, possibly, the development of new ones is critical to consolidate enumerative data. With practical methods, genetic variation can be sought, interpreted and put to experimental use, structure-function studies can be made intelligible, and safety evaluation programs might begin to make sense. PMID- 715729 TI - Cell ploidy in molar placental disease. AB - Molar diseases of the placenta is associated with cystic change in the villi. The cysts may be from 5-20+ mm in diameter. This disease has been described in association with triploid and diploid cell lines and with and without an accompanying embryo or fetus. It may be followed by malignant change and invasive chorio-carcinoma. In order to investigate the association between cell ploidy, embryonic development and subsequent malignancy, a detailed study of 30 conceptuses with molar disease was made, with the accompanying maternal history and follow-up. The cell ploidy was determined by measurement of nuclei by a cytoscan light microscope connected to a computer program as has been previously described. Diploid cell lines were not found with embryonic or fetal development. Triploid cell lines were always associated with an embryo or fetus. Triploidy is not associated with hyperplastic changes in the trophoblast. These results are presented and discussed. PMID- 715730 TI - Teratogenic effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in mice. AB - The teratogenic effect on the mouse fetus of a potently mutagenic and carcinogenic agent, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), was studied. Pregnant mice were injected on one of gestation days 7-12 with an intraperitoneal dose of 40, 60 or 80 mg/kg of MNNG, and fetuses were examined on day 18 of gestation. Various malformations affecting the brain, face, vertebra, rib and limb appeared in high frequency. Brain malformations were the most predominant; hydrocephalus, hydromicrocephaly and microcephaly appeared in sequence with developmental stages of treatment, although exencephaly occurred infrequently. Cleft palate, sometimes associated with microglossia and micrognathia, and vertebral anomalies including tail defect were observed following almost every gestation-day treatment. Long-bone defects of fore- and hindlimbs were also predominant. Polydactyly, ectrodactyly and microdactyly frequently occurred together in the fore- or hindlimbs or both in sequence with treatment stages. Ectrodactyly and microdactyly appeared with greater frequency on the left than on the right in both fore- and hindlimbs, but polydactyly and long-bone defects appeared bilaterally. PMID- 715731 TI - Anencephaly and twinning. PMID- 715732 TI - Mary Carter agreements and disclosure by drug manufacturers. PMID- 715733 TI - Coronary artery spasm: an expanding role in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 715734 TI - Autonomous hyperparathyroidism: documentation of results of parathyroidectomy by hand radiographs. PMID- 715735 TI - Improving the delivery of health services in South Texas. PMID- 715736 TI - Emergency room utilization at Hermann hospital. PMID- 715737 TI - [Treatment of parkinsonism today. Disappointments and new hope]. PMID- 715738 TI - [Drug consumption surveys--a model for the analysis of health service?]. PMID- 715739 TI - [Different drug consumption in the counties, different medical and economical consequences? A statistical analysis of drug consumption in Norway]. PMID- 715740 TI - [Drug routines in medical hospitals in Norway]. PMID- 715741 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in pathological states]. PMID- 715742 TI - [Alcohol as a cause of blood and bone marrow damage]. PMID- 715743 TI - [Organic solvent-induced liver disease]. PMID- 715744 TI - [Asbestosis. A clinical series]. PMID- 715745 TI - [Asbestos exposure---asbestos damage. A brief review]. PMID- 715746 TI - [Eukaryotic chromosomes. Structure and DNA synthesis]. PMID- 715747 TI - [Thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 715748 TI - [Visual screening of the elderly inside and outside homes and hospitals]. PMID- 715749 TI - [Osteochondrosis in the shoulder joint in the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 715750 TI - [Inflammatory and tumorous metastases of the thoracic spine: operative management and results (author's transl)]. AB - 133 patients with inflammatory or tumorous metastases of the thoracic spine were operated upon within the last 11 years. Radical removal of inflammatory lesions with consecutive corticalis-spongiosa-plasty, taken from the christa pelvis, and chemotherapy are a therapeutical unit. Excision of the tumor with supplement bone grafting or "Pallacosplombe" and stabilization according to the principals of osteosynthesis are rewarding in individual cases. Four out of nine tumor patients survived two years after surgery. PMID- 715751 TI - [The influence of postischemic reperfusion on the recovery of ischemic lesions of the left ventricle (author's transl)]. AB - In an isolated dog heart preparation the influence of normothermic ischemic arrest and recovery of the ventricular function during the period of post ischemic reperfusion were investigated. If ischemic arrest has caused a depression of ventricular function, the functional recovery of the myocardium cannot be improved significantly by a prolonged reperfusion of the empty beating heart. PMID- 715752 TI - [The value of enzyme-determination after cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In 342 patients undergoing open heart surgery we determined the serum enzyme levels of GOT, GPT, LDH, alpha-HBDH, LAP, CK and CK-MB from the beginning of the operation up to the 14 th postoperative day. There was an elevation of serum enzymes depending on the type of operation, the duration of extracorporal circulation and the postoperative course. A pattern of enzyme changes for uncomplicated cases is described. The investigations demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between the elevation of "liver specific enzymes" and right heart failure on one hand and of "heart specific enzymes" and myocardial ischemia on the other hand. It is concluded that only repeated determinations beginning with the operation enable to evaluate serum enzyme levels. PMID- 715753 TI - [Is creatine kinase isoenzyme CK-MB a diagnostic tool for perioperative myocardial infarctions? (author's transl)]. AB - There is still controversy of the validity of elevated CK-MB serum activity in the diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction after open heart surgery. CK MB activity was investigated using myocardial and skeletal muscle biopsies and in sera postoperatively in 192 patients. In biopsies CK-MB fraction of total myocardial CPK was 37%, the total-CPK activity of human skeletal muscles still shows a 5% fraction of CK-MB. There has to be more than 8% CK-MB fraction of total CPK-serum-activity to take this as evidence of myocardial damage. 3 h postoperatively enzymatic-immunologic CK-MB test is no longer interfered by enzymes derived from hemolyzed erythrocytes. In patients without signs of myocardial lesions postoperatively mean CK-MB-activity is 11 to 27 U/1 depending on the operative procedure performed. Activity levels exceeding 50 U/1 are almost evident of myocardial infarction. Elevated CK-MB-serum activity is a sensitive parameter for myocardial lesions overestimating an event of infarction. It is a helpful tool diagnosing perioperative myocardial infarction. PMID- 715754 TI - [Monitoring myocardial performance after open heart surgery by calculation of diastolic and systolic pressure time index (author's transl)]. AB - In order to determine the incidence of subendocardial ischemia after open heart surgery, subendocardial blood flow was monitored in 171 patients subjected to mitral and/or aortic valve replacement or coronary revascularization by on-line calculation of Diastolic (DPTI) and Systolic Pressure Time Index (TTI). Body hypothermia with an esophageal temperature of 25 degrees C and magnesium aspartate-procaine cardioplegia were applied for myocardial protection. Ten patients developed low cardiac output state with two early deaths. In the two patients with fatal low cardiac output DPTI/TTI remained below 0.8. In the remaining 8 patients DPTI/TTI rose to 1.4 after a mean recovery time of 36 hours. In 161 patients (94%) no low cardiac output state evolved and DPTI/TTI rose to 1.3 within 60 min. after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. Our results indicate that body hypothermia of 25 degrees C combined with magnesium-aspartate procaine cardioplegia can reduce the incidence of subendocardial ischemia, but does not prevent this complication completely after anoxic times beyond 60-70 minutes. PMID- 715755 TI - [Clinical application of paracorporeal artificial ventricles (author's transl)]. AB - A pneumatically driven artificial heart with tubular silicone rubber membrane and disc valves was used in four patients with intractable postoperative cardiac failure. The operation was performed through a median sternotomy: large cannulas were placed in both atria and blood was returned to aorta and pulmonary artery. In three patients the natural heart recovered and the artificial ventricles were removed. One patient died 6 weeks after the operation, the other two left the hospital in good condition. Profound postoperative heart failure can be reversed by the use of the paracorporeal artificial heart; the advantage of the system lies in the simplicity of its implantation and removal. PMID- 715756 TI - [Hemodynamic results of surgery for congenital supravalvular aortic stenoses (author's transl)]. AB - Supravalvular aortic stenosis is either a syndrome combined with typical face characteristics mental retardation and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis or it occurs as an isolated congenital heart defect. The diagnosis was confirmed in 137 patients by means of catheterization and angiocardiography; 35 pediatric and 10 adult patients were considered to be candidates for corrective surgery because of the severity of their disease. Age varied from 3 to 32 years. 7 patients (15,5%) died. Recatheterization was performed in 12 children 5,6 +/- 4,1 years after surgery. Left ventricular pressures were decreased from 184,1 +/- 28,4 to 155,5 +/- 32,1 mm Hg, and the pressure gradients between left ventricle and the aorta fell from 101,2 +/- 19,7 to 29,1 +/- 23,1 mm Hg. The postoperative values varied between 0 and 80 mm Hg. Operative results are discussed in relation to the anatomical type malformation and the operative technique. PMID- 715757 TI - [EMCO for acute respiratory failure: clinical outcome and technique of aortic root perfusion (author's transl)]. AB - A 15-year-old female was treated with ECMO for acute respiratory insufficiency after severe aspiration. During 81 hours perfusion in V-A-technique even distribution of the artificially oxygenated blood was achieved by supravalvular position of the aortic cannula, which had been advanced to this position with a Ducor-Angiographycatheter. Without any improvement of the lung disease the treatment was terminated after cerebral damage due to toxic edema became evident. PMID- 715758 TI - [Peripheral nerve injuries complicating extracranial vascular surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Peripheral nerve injuries may complicate extracranial vascular surgery. Pareses of the recurrent and hypoglossal nerves are clinically important. The nervus laryngeus superior, the ramus marginalis mandibulae of the facial nerve and the brachial plexus may be involved. Horner's syndrom indicating damage of sympathetic fibers may also appear. Lesions of the glossopharyngeal, vagus and phrenic nerves are rather seldom. PMID- 715759 TI - [Pulmonary artery arrosion due to parietal endocarditis--a late complication of a haemodynamically ineffective VSD (author's transl)]. AB - A case of late complication after operative correction of a valvular pulmonary stenosis is reported. Chronic pulmonary embolism secondary to bacterial endocarditis situated opposite to an uncorrected small ventricular septal defect in the right ventricle caused arrosion of the pulmonary artery and subsequent severe fatal bronchial hemorrhage. The relation between VSD and bacterial endocarditis and the surgical consequences are discussed. PMID- 715760 TI - Composition of acidic glycoconjugates (glycosaminoglycans and glycoprotein) in myometrium of rabbit uterus under estrogenic condition. AB - Acidic glycoconjugates (glycosaminoglycans and glycoprotein) were obtained, from myometrium of ovariectomized rabbit under estrogenic condition, by pronase digestion, fractionation with cetylpyridinium chloride and Dowex I column chromatography, in succession. Composition of acidic glycoconjugates was determined enzymatically, employing Streptomyces hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC II, chondroitinase ABC and crude heparinase. Each glycoconjugate was distributed in 3 approximately 8 fractions obtained by Dowex I column chromatography, indicating its charge and/or molecular heterogeneity. Acidic glycoconjugates consisted of hyaluronic acid (13.4%), chondroitin sulfates A plus C (39.4%), dermatan sulfate (24.6%), heparan sulfate (18.7%) and acidic glycoprotein (most probably sialoglycoprotein) (3.9%). Composition of acidic glycoconjugates in myometrium differed remarkably from that in whole uterus. Myometrium was abundant in chondroitin sulfate isomers (chondroitin sulfates A plus C plus dermatan sulfate), but lacked sulfated glycoprotein. The present results suggested that myometrium and endometrium of uterus may play quite different roles in reproduction. PMID- 715761 TI - Avoidance behavior in folate--deficient rats. AB - The effects of folate deficiency in post-weanling male rats in an active avoidance learning test were studied. Ingestion of a folate-free diet for 3 weeks markedly decreased serum and erythrocyte folate concentrations but had only a slight effect on growth rate. The decrease in blood folates was correlated with an increase in the number of trials necessary to reach criterion in the learning test. There was no motor impairment since the mean escape latency was the same in control and folate-deficient animals. These results suggest that folic acid deficiency started at weaning could be responsible for learning impairment. PMID- 715762 TI - Intracranial saccular aneurysms--surgical results of 1,000 consecutive cases. AB - The results of our surgical treatment of 1,000 patients with intracranial saccular aneurysm were analyzed with special consideration for age, site of aneurysm, preoperative condition and operative timing. The results on discharge were as follows: 543 cases, excellent; 186, good; 117, fair; 93, poor; and 61, dead. About three-fourths of the cases except for 23 cases of vertebrobasilar aneurysm showed either excellent or good result. The mortality rate became worse with aging. The results fairly correlated with the preoperative grades by Hunt and Hess (1968), but the cases of Grade Ia were unexpectedly worse. The timing of operation influenced the mortality rate; especially, the cases operated within 3 to 7 days following the last subarachnoid hemorrhage bore poor results. Follow-up studies revealed that excellent and good cases increased and poor cases decreased. The mortality rate for each year decreased annually to 2% in 1975. This improvement may be attributed to the advancement in the operative management with supplementary procedures and in the treatment for cerebral angiospasms and general condition. PMID- 715763 TI - Distribution of intracranial aneurysm. AB - The 1,080 cases of intracranial saccular aneurysms, which were seen at our clinic during the period from June 1961 to September 1975, were subjected to the analysis on the location of the aneurysms, age distribution and sex incidence. PMID- 715764 TI - Changes in free amino acids of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in various neurological diseases. AB - By means of liquid chromatography we investigated free amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (161 subjects) and in plasma (138 subjects) in various neurological diseases and in controls. A general increase in CSF amino acids was found in Group C (samples exhibiting both pleocytosis and increasing CSF protein concentration) and in "spinal canal block" and "neuro-Behcet's syndrome". Also, some abnormalities were detected in these groups with regard to changes in CSF cells, protein or IgG%. In the case of "Guillain-Barre syndrome" we noted an increase in CSF alanine, glycine, methionine, arginine and the branched-chain group. In "multiple sclerosis" an increase was evident in CSF alanine, in plasma alanine and arginine, and in the plasma: CSF ratio of tyrosine. In patients of "motor neuron diseases (MND)" CSF glutamic acid, alanine, histidine and arginine all indicated an increase, along with the plasma: CSF ratio of tyrosine. In Group C and in "neuro-Behcet's syndrome" glycine, methionine and lysine were lowered in the plasma: CSF ratio. Also, the ratio of valine in the former and histidine in the latter indicated a decrease. These results can be supposed to reflect either biochemical abnormalities of plasma and/or the CNS, or changes in the transport systems of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 715765 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity to cultured rat liver cells in patients with chronic liver diseases. AB - Microcytotoxicity assay revealed that peripheral bloof lymphocytes from patients with chronic active hepatitis were cytotoxic against cultured rat liver cells established by Coon in 1968. Non E-rosette forming cells were cytotoxic in 26 of 28 patients (93%) with chronic active hepatitis, whereas E-rosette forming cells were cytotoxic in only 1 of them. Either an addition of 10 microgram/well of aggregated IgG to non E-rosette forming cell culture or a preincubation of non E rosette forming cells with 100 microgram/ml of aggregated IgG significantly reduced the cytotoxicity from 62.9 +/- 12.8% to 32.8 +/- 11.6% or to 25.6 +/- 11.3% (p less than 0.001). An addition of antihuman IgG/Fc also reduced the cytotoxicity to 37.4 +/- 17.2%. Significant cytotoxicity of positively selected EA-rosette forming cells was observed in 4 of 10 patients with chronic active hepatitis and that of positively selected EAC-rosette forming cells was demonstrated in 3, whereas in any of these patients neither non EA-rosette forming cells nor non EAC-rosette forming cells were cytotoxic. Cultured liver cells used in this study were seen to possess insoluble liver specific antigen on their surface membranes, but not soluble liver specific lipoprotein of Meyer zum Buschenfelde, by using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. These results suggested that effector cells are Fc-receptor-bearing cells and that the mechanism of the reaction may be mediated in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated reaction directed against insoluble liver specific membrane antigen(s) rather than soluble one. PMID- 715766 TI - Systemic candidiasis produced by oral Candida administration in mice. AB - Systemic Candida infection from the gastrointestinal tract was examined in mice. Candida albicans was undetectable in the blood, lungs, spleen, liver or kidneys of mice 24 hr after oral Candida administration even under condition of severe damage to the host defence system, but became detectable in the liver and kidneys of mice when they received combined treatment of antibiotics, x-ray irradiation and dexamethasone 3 and 5 days after oral Candida administration. PMID- 715767 TI - Electron microscopic changes of keratohyalin granules during the freezing and thawing procedure. AB - After 3-day-old rat skins were treated by freezing and thawing procedures, small empty spaces were formed both in keratohyalin granules and in the cytoplasm of the granular cells. When the skin specimens thus treated were further incubated in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.6, for 15 min, keratohyalin granules were solubilized, leaving electron dense rims. Small electron dense or less dense particles were detaching from these rims. Cell membranes were also disrupted at various regions. Desmosomal structures in the stratum granulosum cells were all preserved. PMID- 715768 TI - The diagnostic accuracy of combined colposcopy, cytology, and target biopsy of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. AB - The results of cytology, colposcopy and target biopsy in 91 cases diagnosed by conization as uterine cervical carcinoma in situ and 39 cases diagnosed as microinvasive carcinoma were compared. Lesions limited to the ectocervix could be identified by colposcopy, and those identified as carcinoma in situ by cytology or target biopsy were all included in the group diagnosed as carcinoma in situ by conization. Among the 29 cases of carcinoma in situ limited to the ectocervix, 19 (66%) were similarly diagnosed by both cytology and target biopsy, allowing for us to avoid conization. For cases diagnosed as microinvasive carcinoma using target biopsy, conization must also be performed in order to determine the depth of invasion. Even in cases diagnosed as dysplasia or carcinoma in situ by target biopsy, when it is thought that the lesion may extend into the cervical canal or in cases where agreement with the cytological results is not found, conization is necessary. PMID- 715769 TI - Distribution of antibodies against swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among pigs in 1977. AB - The distribution of antibodies against swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among hogs in Miyagi Prefecture was examined. Of 456 serum specimens collected since July 1977, 12 were found to be positive against swine influenza virus and 6 against Hong Kong influenza virus. Such serological results reveal that swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses coexist in Japanese hogs and suggest that swine influenza virus reappeared in mid-1977. PMID- 715770 TI - Interference with fluorimetric assay of catecholamine by labetalol. AB - Influence of labetalol and 5-(1-hydroxy-2-aminoethyl)salicylamide (SA), a part of the chemical structure of labetalol, on the fluorimetric assay of catecholamine (CA) was studied. Both labetalol and SA have a weak but significant fluorescence which is indistinguishable from that of CA with peaks of excitation/emission wavelengths at 410/490. It is thus concluded that an apparent increase in urinary CA observed in patients receiving labetalol is caused by the contamination of labetalol and/or its metabolite, and that the evaluation of urinary CA in hypertensive patients must be done prior to the use of labetalol to avoid any confusion in diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. PMID- 715771 TI - Kinetic properties of galactose influx across the mucosal border of guinea pig ileum. AB - By using everted sac preparations of guinea pig ileum, properties of galactose influx across the mucosal border were studied under various ionic conditions of the media. Mannitol was used as a marker of the extracellular space on the mucosal surface. In the absence of Na+ in the mucosal medium, the "galactose space" was almost the same as mannitol space, indicating the lack of uptake of galactose through the specific carrier mechanism. Galactose influx obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics at any Na+ concentration and it was also a Michaelis Menten type function of Na+ concentration in the medium when examined at a constant galactose concentration. The observed kinetic properties were well explained on the basis of the kinetic model in which galactose was assumed to be transported only in the form of galactose-Na-carrier complex. The increase in Na+ influx associated with galactose influx was not significantly different from galactose influx. Na+ concentration of the serosal medium had no effect on galactose influx across the mucosal border. Choline and Tris, as well as mannitol, had no stimulating or inhibitory effect on galactose influx. PMID- 715772 TI - Effects of zirconium and aluminum salts on the alveolar macrophages. AB - Alveolar macrophages from the rabbit were exposed in the culture medium to zirconium and aluminum salts. The specific activities of the lysosomal hydrolases, that is acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta glucuronidase, were measured in the medium, whole cell homogenate, mitochondrial fraction, and in the supernatant fraction. A highly significant increase of these hydrolases was observed in the mitochondrial fraction from cells exposed to zirconium and aluminum salts as compared with those from control cell cultures. However, release of these enzymes into the medium was not much. The phenomenon of macrophage phagocytosis was observed morphologically in the cell cultures exposed in vitro to these metal compounds. PMID- 715773 TI - Effect of urinary bladder distension on renal blood flow, blood pressure and plasma renin activity. AB - The effects of urinary bladder distension on renal blood flow, blood pressure and plasma renin activity (PRA) were studied in 50 mongrel dogs anesthetized with chloralose. The dogs were divided into three groups. Group I was composed of dogs intact except for having undergone the surgical procedure for measurement and instillation of 0.9% saline to the bladders. Group II was composed of dogs whose bilateral ureters had been cut. Group III was composed of anephric dogs. Renal blood flow showed reduction during bladder distension in Group I and Group II. This reduction was produced not only by hydraulic mechanisms through the ureters during bladder distension, because the reduction was also observed in the dogs whose ureters had been cut. The rise in blood pressure and increase in PRA were observed in Group I and Group II, while the anephric dogs showed the rise in blood pressure during bladder distension despite the absence of PRA. Therefore, it appeared that the renin-angiotensin system did not directly relate to the rise in blood pressure during bladder distension. PMID- 715774 TI - Electron microscopic studies on pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. AB - The lung tissue of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis was studied morphologically. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microliths were globular or irregular in shape or lobulated and in some loci were coalesced. The outer surface was granular or rough accompanied with deposits. The internal structures consisted of concentric laminar deposits. Frequently, two or more laminar structures were found on one cut surface. These findings may imply that the microliths grow by surface deposition and may coalesce during early stages of formation. In a high power view, granules were seen on the surface. Numerous scale-like structures and elongated electron-dense bodies inside the microliths were other peculiar findings of scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies, respectively. Elastosis in the alveolar interstitium and deposition of abundant glycogen granules in the bronchiolar epithelial cells were the notable findings of transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 715775 TI - Cineventriculographic analysis of the ventricular septal motion during stimulation of various pacemaker sites. AB - By means of cineventriculography, contraction pattern of the ventricular septum was studied during electrical stimulation of the right atrium (RA), outflow tract (RVO) and apex (RVA) of the right ventricle and apex (LVA) and lateral wall (LVL) of the left ventricle. RA pacing produced a monophasic shortening of the septal hemiaxes after initial lengthening for about 40 msec from R wave of ECG. In contrast, ventricular stimulation near the septum (i.e. RVO, RVA and LVA) resulted in a biphasic and decreased contraction of the septal wall, in which an early preejection shortening was followed by a brief lengthening and second shortening. LVL pacing showed a monophasic and increased contraction of the septal wall. The biphasic motion of the septal wall was likely to be related to the abnormal mechanical contraction caused by the abnormal conduction sequence of ventricular depolarization. On the other hand, the lateral wall demonstrated a biphasic and decreased contraction during LVL pacing, and a monophasic and increased contraction during RVO, RVA and LVA pacing. Thus, the biphasic and diminished contraction at the site of electrical stimulation was compensated by the monophasic and forceful contraction of the contralateral wall. It is considered that the ventricular septum plays an important functional role in regulation of cardiac performance. PMID- 715776 TI - Effect of physical exercise on the activity of GOT isozyme in human plasma. AB - Untrained healthy male volunteers were subjected to the study on the effects of exercise (bicycle ergometer, 920 kpm/min for 30 min) upon GOT isozyme (supernatant GOT, s-GOT and mitochondrial GOT, m-GOT) activities in plasma. Significant increases in the levels of both s-GOT and m-GOT activity were observed after the exercise (p less than 0.001). After 30 min of rest m-GOT activity almost returned to its preexercise value. However, s-GOT activity did not return to its preexercise activity. The changes in the activity of GOT isozyme after physical exercise are discussed. PMID- 715777 TI - Roentgeno-histological studies on serial alveolography. AB - Using the lung obtained from a 22-year-old female at autopsy, roentgeno histological studies were carried out on serial alveolography. The pulmonary lymphatics were shown to play an important role in the wash-out of the contrast media. The contrast media injected into the alveolus was gradually transferred on and into the alveolar wall and finally entered the subpleural space. Inflow of the contrast media was further noted into the portion probably representing the "juxta-alveolar lymphatic capillary" according to Lauweryns. Since local edema occurs artificially in serial alveolography, the functional aspects of fluid clearance may also be studied simultaneously unlike the conventional alveolography with its emphasis on morphological diagnosis. PMID- 715778 TI - Low incubation temperature favors detection of depolarization-induced coated vesicles in motor axon endings in frog nerve-muscle preparations. AB - Depolarization-induced coated vesicles were detected in motor axon endings in frog nerve-muscle preparations stimulated at 10 degrees C but hardly in those activated at 25 degrees C. PMID- 715779 TI - Capital financing: introduction. PMID- 715780 TI - Performing services for hospital may make scholarship taxable. PMID- 715781 TI - Ground rules for "Appropriateness Reviews" proposed. PMID- 715782 TI - Accounting for self-insured malpractice risks. PMID- 715783 TI - Energy management can help contain costs. PMID- 715784 TI - Selective pricing can make a difference. PMID- 715785 TI - Capital market options. PMID- 715786 TI - Short- and intermediate- term financing. PMID- 715787 TI - Bond and mortgage insurance programs. PMID- 715788 TI - Credit-rating agencies and hospital lenders. PMID- 715789 TI - Legal documentation of hospital financing. PMID- 715790 TI - The role of the independent financial feasibility study. PMID- 715791 TI - Capital financing--1980s. PMID- 715792 TI - Standard & Poor's Corporation corporate and municipal bond rating definitions. PMID- 715793 TI - Capital financing: sample official statement (cover pages). PMID- 715794 TI - Capital financing: glossary. PMID- 715796 TI - Toxicity of free fatty acids for cultured rat heart muscle and endothelioid cells. I. Saturated long-chain fatty acids. AB - Capric (C10:0), lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and arachidic (C20:0) acids were compared for their toxic effects upon cultured rat heart muscle and endothelioid cells. The free fatty acids (FFA) were found to albumin (6:1) and tested at 5 x 10(-5)M. Reduction of cell viability (51Cr release) and in situ mitochondrial and lysosomal labilization were used as indices of injury. Reduction in viability of both cell types was produced by palmitic, stearic or arachidic acids, but only after exposures of from 12 to 36 h. These FFA also produced needle-like cytoplasmic inclusions. Mitochondria and lysosomes were labilized after shorter exposures. Capric, lauric and myristic acids, were relatively non-toxic, and protected endothelioid cell lysosomes from labilization. PMID- 715795 TI - The absorption by human volunteers of glutamic acid from monosodium glutamate and from a partial enzymic hydrolysate of casein. AB - Peripheral plasma concentrations of glutamic and aspartic acids and alanine were measured after ingestion of monosodium glutamate or a pancreatic hydrolysate of casein by human volunteers. The doses of each material were such that they contained similar amounts of glutamic acid. Plasma glutamic acid concentrations rose promptly after the monosodium glutamate but mean peak concentrations were well below those likely to cause neurological damage. Plasma aspartic acid concentrations also rose after the monosodium glutamate but the behaviour of plasma alanine concentrations suggested that intestinal transamination of glutamic acid was insufficient to cause an appreciable rise in alanine concentration in the peripheral plasma. Significant increments in plasma glutamic acid concentrations did not occur after the pancreatic hydrolysate of casein and it is probable that competition for absorptive mechanisms by other amino acids, both free and peptide-bound, causes absorption of glutamic acid to be slower from mixtures of peptides and amino acids than from monosodium glutamate itself. PMID- 715797 TI - Toxicity of free fatty acids for cultured rat heart muscle and endothelioid cells. II. Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. AB - Oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3) and arachidonic (C20:4) acids were compared for their toxic effects upon cultured rat heart muscle and endothelioid cells. The free fatty acids (FFA) were bound to albumin (6:1) and tested at concentrations from 5 x 10(-5)M to 5 x 10(-4)M. Reduction of cell viability (51Cr release) and in situ mitochondrial and lysosomal labilization were used as indices of injury. Oleic acids was non-toxic at all times and concentrations tested while linoleic acid increased cell death only in muscle cells after 32 h. Arachidonic acid, by contrast, demonstrated significant toxicity as early as 2 h while both linolenic and arachidonic acids produced major injury at longer durations. A detergent effect was excluded as the injury mechanism because of marked differences in the toxicities of the individual FFA. The similarity in the effects of linolenic and arachidonic acids would appear to exclude prostaglandins as responsible toxic products. PMID- 715798 TI - Effects of exposure to furfural vapour in hamsters simultaneously treated with benzo[alpha] pyrene or diethylnitrosamine. AB - Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to 0 or 250/400 ppm furfural vapour, 7 h/day, 5 days/week for a period of 52 weeks. Simultaneously, a proportion of the animals were given either intratracheal inslillations of benzo [alpha] pyrene (BP) or subcutaneous injections of diethylnitrosamine (DENA). All treatments were stopped after 52 weeks. The study was terminated after 81 weeks. Furfural exposure caused yellowish discolouration of the animals' coat, irritation of the nasal mucosa, growth retardation, atrophy and downward growth of sensory cells of the olfactory epithelium, degenerative changes in Bowman's glands, and the occurrence of cyst like structures in the lamina propria beneath the olfactory epithelium. There was no evidence of furfural possessing carcinogenic activity. In a previous instillation experiment with furfural, slight indications had been obtained of furfural potentiating the carcinogenic effect of BP, but in the present study the carcinogenic effect of BP or DENA on the respiratory tract did not appear to be influenced by furfural exposure. It was concluded that little if any, significance can be attached to furfural as a co-factor in respiratory tract carcinogenesis. PMID- 715799 TI - Tissue distribution and binding of radioactivity in mouse after intravenous administration of [14C]3-chloro-p-toluidine. AB - The avicide [14C]3-chloro-p-toluidine (CPT) HCL, ring labeled, was injected intravenously to mice. The radioactivity associated with this compound was found to be unevenly distributed in different parts of the body. It leaves the plasma, as well as many tissues, with 2 elimination rate constants, the fast and the slow. The faster component of the [14C]CPT decay curve of the plasma was similar to the faster components of the decay curves of brain, lung, heart, intestine, testicle and kidney. The retention half-life of the radioactivity for the slower component of the decay curve varied a great deal from tissue to tissue, being shortest (14.55 h) in the intestine and longest (326 h) in the adipose tissue. Of the 10 tissues examined, a substantial amount of [14C]CPT radioactivity was found to be covalently bound only to liver, kidney, lung and RBC protein. There was no cause and effect relationship between the covalent binding of radioactivity and the tissue pathology, since no remarkable histopathological lesions were found in the liver and kidney of treated mice. The tissue retention of [14C]CPT radioactivity did not parrallel the covalent binding of the compound to tissue protein. The covalent binding of [14C]CPT radioactivity to RBC was suggestive of the conversion of the parent compound into a reactive metabolite responsible for the generation of methemoglobin in mice. The percent distribution of radioactivity in subcellular fractions of liver and kidney correlated with the amount of protein associated with subcellular fractions. The 102 000 g supernatant fraction of the liver contained the highest proportion of radioactivity, both in terms of absolute percent radioactivity as well as specific activity (dpm/mg of protein). This was also true for the 102 000 g supernatant fraction of the kidney. The majority of radioactivity in the 102 000 g supernatant fraction of liver appears to be bound to one or more polypeptide sized proteins with a mol. wt. of approx. 1000--2000. PMID- 715800 TI - [Toxicity by relay. III. Safety for the human consumer of the use of Carbadox, a feed additive for swine, as estimated by a 7 years relay toxicity on dogs]. AB - To check the possible toxicity risks of the meat from swine fed with a residue producing feed additive: Carbadox, a new methodology was used. It is the "Relay Toxicity". Swine were fed with a high dose of the additive and sacrificed without any withdrawal. In such conditions meat contains a high level of residues. The frozen meat was given daily--after thawing--at 100 g or 200 g/dog to 12 beagle dogs, 6 females and 6 males, sacrificed when 87.5 months old (85 months on experiment). On these animals, no anomaly was found: on weight gain and health; on fertility and reproductive performances; on hematology and biochemical values of blood and urine; and after careful macroscopic or microscopic examinations of the animals at safrice. We were able to obtain a safety factor above 9000 when Carbadox is used at the maximum level approved 50 ppm, and the withdrawal 4 weeks before slaughtering. To conclude, the absence of anomaly allows us to confirm the safety for the human consumer when Carbadox is used as a feed additive for swine. PMID- 715802 TI - Short-term toxicity study of Chocolate Brown HT in pigs. AB - Chocolate Brown HT was given in the diet to groups of 3 male and 3 female pigs at dose levels of 0 (control), 5, 20 or 100 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. No adverse effects were seen on body weight gain, urine composition of the incidence of histopathological lesions. The haemoglobin levels in all 3 treatment groups of male pigs at week 13 were significantly below the control values, but this effect was not considered to be attributable to treatment with Chocolate Brown HT. The no-untoward-effect level in this study was at least 100 mg/kg/day. PMID- 715801 TI - Di(4-aminophenyl)-methane (MDA): 4-7 year dog feeding study. AB - 9 pure bred female beagles ingested purified or crude MDA (in 70 mg doses on 3 days of the week) over periods ranging from 3 years, 11 months to 7 years, 2 months. Total quantities of MDA ingested ranged from 39.98 g to 66.92 g/dog, or from approx. 4.0 to 6.26 g/kg body wt. Purified and crude MDA in the doses administered produced similar effects: (a)occasional loss of body weight followed by rather prompt recovery while treatment was interrupted; (b) no specific effect on blood sugar, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin and a questionable effect on alkaline phosphatase activity; (c) from moderate to severe gross and micropathological changes in the liver, less severe effects in the kidneys and spleen, and occassionally gross or micropathological changes in other organs. Purified and crude MDA did not produce tumors of the urinary bladder or liver. PMID- 715803 TI - Effect of methylmercury on some constituents of serum and urine. AB - To evaluate some of the early effects of methymercury chloride (MMC) male rats were given 10, 20 or 30 mg MMC/kg intraperitoneally. Urine was analysed for vanilmandelic acid (VMA), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and creatinine, blood for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P) and glucose, serum for glutamate-oxalate-transaminase (GOT) and urea. Except for LAP and AP excretion there is no effect of MMC on the parameters investigated. However, the effects on these 2 renal enzymes are to variable to permit their use as a test for MMC toxicity. PMID- 715804 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of testicular tumors: the seminoma, results from radiation therapy in 100 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Hundred patients with seminoma were irradiated in our clinic between 1963 and 1975. The 5-year survival rate corresponds to the rate of freedom from disease. It amounts to 97% for Stage I, 84% for Stage II, 55% for Stage III, O for Stage IV, and to 85% for all stages. These results are obtained by means of consequent radiation therapy. It is not cleared up wether general prophylactic irradiation improves the prognosis of mediastinal and supraclavicular affections. No complications may be expected on account of therapeutic doses, as the sensitivity to radiation is high. It is possible, on these grounds, in generalized stages, to take into consideration the total-body irradiation with low doses as an alternative to chemotherapy. PMID- 715805 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of testicular tumors: the teratocarcinoma, results from 52 patients (author's transl)]. AB - In this retrospective study, the course of the disease was investigated in 52 patients having been irradiated because of malignant teratoma between 1963 and 1975. The patients were ranged as follows: four cases Stage I, thirty cases Stage II, six cases Stage III, twelve cases Stage IV. All histological preparations were graded once more, using the classification of Pugh and Collins. The 5-year survival recovery rates amounted to 100% in Stage I, to 64% in Stage II, to zero in Stage III and IV, and to 47% for all stages. A remarkable difference of the recovery rates in relation to histological findings was observed: MTIA Stage II=83%, all stages=40%; MTIB Stage II=57%, all stages=33%. PMID- 715806 TI - [Results of radiation therapy of tonsillar cancer in 161 patients treated between 1950 and 1976 (author's transl)]. AB - 161 cases with cancer of the tonsil from 1950 to 1976 are reported. Cure rates in early cases after radiotherapy are about 60%, cure rate in all patients is 26%. Analysis of radiation dose and effect demonstrates, that doses about 1950-2000 ret are necessary for optimal results in cases, in which radiotherapy is planned as sole treatment. Importance of optimal simulator technique, head fixation and verification films is stressed. Using the own results and published data, the indications for radiotherapy and surgery of tonsillar cancer are discussed. In early cases, radiotherapy alone should result in a cure rate about 80%. In all the patients, the cure rate should amount to 40%. PMID- 715807 TI - [Generic symptoms of Hodgkin's disease in relation to other prognostic criteries (author's transl)]. AB - In 1967-1973, 74 patients with histologic classified Hodgkin's disease were treated in Marburg. We proved the incidence of the most important prognostic criteries: stage, histologic type and clinical symptoms. These criteries are evaluated as equally significant and independent. The B-symptoms, fever, weight loss and night sweats we found in 24 patients, 18 (75%) of them were in stage IV. In the remaining 6 patients in stage II and III, the B-symptoms were followed by relapse or generalisation. We think that the good correlation to the stage means, that clinical symptoms as prognostic signs are not independent. PMID- 715808 TI - [Computer-assisted estimation of the dose distribution in intracavitary radiation therapy (author's transl)]. AB - A new version of a computer-assisted method for determination of the dose distribution in the pelvis of female patients treated with sealed radioactive radium or caesium sources is outlined. The position of the sources in a coordinate system centered on the symphysis is determined stereoradiographically. The dose values are calculated either for singular body points or for points situated on transversal, frontal and sagittal planes through the symphysis or for planes parallel to these. In consideration of the fact that for each patient the anatomical position of the calculation planes can be reproduced with sufficient precision, it is possible to cumulate on each plane the dose values obtained from treatment performed at different times. Experimental controls show good agreement between calculated and measured dose values. Some clinical examples of dose calculation for sagittal planes and of cumulated dose values for a frontal plane 7.4 cm underneath the symphysis are presented. PMID- 715809 TI - Determination of total activity and its distribution in cathetron source pencils. AB - High intensity remote-controlled afterloading devices such as Cathetron, employ tiny source elements which facilitate free movement through the curvature of the guide tubes. As the activities involved are in the curie level and a number of sources are assembled together in the form of a pencil, conventional methods cannot be employed for determining the activity of individual sources. This paper deals with the determination of the total activity of a source pencil from the measured exposure rate and an autoradiographic method used to determine the activity of individual sources. PMID- 715810 TI - Absorbed dose distributions for X-ray beams and beams of electrons from the Therac 20 Saturne linear accelerator. AB - After a brief description of the Therac 20 Saturne linear accelerator a complete set of absorbed-dose distribution values is given. These values define the depths on the axis as a function of the depth dose and define the penumbra (as characterized by the positions of the intersections of the isodose curves with planes parallel to the phantom surface) for beams of X-rays and for beams of electrons. Tissue-maximum ratios are given for beams of X-rays. Analytical values for the electron depth dose curve are compared with the values obtained on the Sagittaire linear accelerator. PMID- 715811 TI - Investigation of gynecological cancer with nuclear magnetic relaxation methods. AB - Nuclear magnetic relaxation times T1 and T2 of cell water protons in benign and malignant uterine cervical tissue (37 samples taken from 22 patients) were measured using a resonance frequency of 19.8 MHz. The means of relaxation times recorded for malignant tissue were (mean +/- S.E.) T1 = 0.89 +/- 0.05 s, T2 = 0.072 +/- 0.009 s, and obtained from corresponding benign tissues (mean +/- S.E.) T1 = 0.72 +/- 0.01 s T2 = 0.056 +/- 0.003 s. The differences are statistically significant (T1:p less than 0.001, and T2:p less than 0.05). The effect of dysplasia and inflammatory changes in mucosa to the relaxation times were examined and the probable sources of error in the present method are discussed. PMID- 715812 TI - Significance of tumor volume and blood flow in tumor control by radiation. AB - The mean rate of blood flow in C3H/He mouse mammary carcinoma determined by the clearance of 133Xe was 0.1 ml/g/min in tumors greater than approximately 2.0 cm3, and then blood flow became increasingly greater as the tumor size decreased further. The dose required to produce lethal damage in the tumor increased with the size of the tumors. In large tumors the control rate increased with increasing doses to a maximum at a certain level; at higher doses the rate was somewhat decreased. The present experiments show that changes in blood flow could account for radiosensitivity of the tumor, and a tumor larger than a certain volume can no longer be controlled by a single dose of radiation. PMID- 715813 TI - Initial events in radiation-induced atheromatosis. II. Damage to intimal cells. AB - The carotid artery of the rabbit is a suitable blood vessel to study radiation induced atheromatosis in hypercholesteremic animals, because no plaque formation occurs within two months after the start of a 0.5% cholesterol diet. Cholesterol contents as high as 2% however, do give atheromatous plaques in the carotid artery without prior irradiation. As early as five hours after local irradiation of the carotid artery activation of the plasma membrane-bound enzyme alkaline phosphatase could be observed in some intimal cells. Two to three days after irradiation the activity disappeared. This phenomenon was observed in normo-and hypercholesteremic irradiated arteries. Depending on the lipid content of the blood, infiltration of lipids was observed at one day after the irradiation or later, accompanied by activation of beta-glucuronidase in the innermost layer of medial cells. Hereafter plaque formation started and cell proliferation could be found in the subendothelial space. It is assumed that because of the irradiation, the endothelial cells of the carotid artery are damaged in such a way that they do not function properly as a barrier against lipoprotein entrance from the blood into the arterial wall. The lipid infiltration caused lysosomal activation and probably cellular proliferation. PMID- 715814 TI - Effect of gamma ray low doses on the system of the nonspecific defense of the organism. AB - The author studied the response of the mechanical stage of the RES phagocytosis and the serum lysozyme level in white mice after fractionated exposures to 10 R and 100 R daily. It was observed the activation of these systems after low summed doses and, on the other hand, its significant depression after high summed doses. The causes of these changes are discussed. PMID- 715815 TI - The changes in pharmacokinetics and conjugation of chloramphenicol in irradiated rats. AB - In the serum and the liver of rats levels of chloramphenicol (CAP) following its i.v. administration (200 mg/kg) in the control groups and in the rats irradiated with whole-body air exposure to 500 R were determined with spectrophotometric methods. The CAP-levels in the serum increased in the group of rats 3 days after irradiation, but only during the 1st hour. At later time intervals the values were lower than in the controls. This decrease at the 60th min is striking even in the groups 6 and 9 days after exposure. Free CAP in the liver of rats irradiated 6 and 9 days before was lower at interval 30 min after CAP administration, but the group irradiated 9 days before was unaltered. However, 120 min after CAP-administration the values of free CAP decreased at all intervals investigated following the irradiation. The levels of conjugated CAP in the liver of the rats 3 and 6 days after exposure were lower than in controls in both intervals after drug administration; but in rats 9 days after irradiation they increased. Our results indicate that the kinetics of CAP is altered and corresponding changes in its conjugation are effected under the condition of acute radiation syndrome. PMID- 715816 TI - Interactions of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides with the 8S estrogen-binding protein in rat testes. AB - The effect of certain DDT analogs on the binding of 3H-estradiol to the 8--9S estrogen binding protein of rat testicular cytosol was studied by sucrose sedimentation analysis. The binding of 3H-estradiol to testicular cytosol was inhibited by o,p'DDT, a DDT analog which is estrogenic in the intact female, but not by p,p'DDE which is a nonestrogen in the female. The pesticide methoxychlor, which is estrogenic in vivo in the female, failed to inhibit 3H-estradiol binding, presumably requiring metabolic activation for binding to the testicular cytosol. In fact, its di-demethylated metabolite 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1 trichloroethane (HPTE), also estrogenic in vivo, caused marked suppression of 3H estradiol binding. PMID- 715817 TI - Effects of cholecystectomy upon bile salt kinetics in the guinea pig. AB - The effects of cholecystectomy upon bile salt kinetics were studied in normal guinea pigs. After cholecystectomy, bile salt pool size decreased, fractional daily turnover rate increased, and the rate of bile salt synthesis was unchanged. These data indicate that an increased frequency of bile salt enterohepatic cycling is sufficient to produce alterations in bile salt kinetics. Abnormalities of bile salt synthesis need not be present in order for a reduction in pool size to occur. PMID- 715818 TI - Sterols of a diatomaceous ooze from Walvis Bay. PMID- 715819 TI - Anti-testosterone antisera produced in mice of different strains and sexes. AB - Specific anti-testosterone antiserum was obtained from mice of the strain C57B1/6. Testosterone 3(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate was administered to male and female mice of the strains C57B1/6 (H-2b), DBA/2 (H 2d), (C57B1/6 x DBA/2)F1, (H-2b/d), and AKR (H-2k). Antisera obtained from male and female C57B1/6 mice were more specific for testosterone than those from the other strains, and the cross-reaction with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone was 25.0 and 29.2%, respectively. The titer of antiserum from C57B1/6 mice was the highest and that of antiserum from DBA/2 mice was the lowest. On the other hand, the titer of antiserum from the female was higher than that of antiserum from the male in each strain. These results indicate that the mouse strain and sex differences are important factors for antibody formation from challenged antigen. PMID- 715820 TI - Trilostane, an orally active inhibitor of steroid biosynthesis. AB - Trilostane is a competitive inhibitor of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. In vitro, the drug inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone but does not alter conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone nor progesterone to corticoid hormones. When given orally to rats, trilostane inhibits corticosterone and aldosterone production and elevates circulating levels of pregnenolone at doses lower than those that produce adrenal hypertrophy or inhibit gonadal steroidogenesis. PMID- 715821 TI - Conversion, in vitro, of (7n-3H) testosterone to estrone and estradiol-17beta and their 3-sulfate conjugate by the guinea-pig placenta. AB - Different cellular fractions of guinea-pig placenta were incubated in the presence of (7n-3H) testosterone. Microsomal aromatization of 3H-testosterone into estrone and estradiol-17beta was demonstrated in the presence of NADPH. The predominance of estrone after incubation with 17beta-hydroxylated precursors, (7n 3H) testosterone and (6,7-3H) estradiol-17beta, indicate that there is a microsomal 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. In this report, cytosolic sulfurylation of estrogens is demonstrated. This latter activity represents a quite original characteristic of the placental metabolism of estrogens in guinea-pigs. In contrast with the human placenta where there is considerable sulfatase activity, the guinea-pig placenta can sulfurylate estrogens. PMID- 715822 TI - Kinetics of testosterone metabolism in normal postmenopausal women and women with breast cancer. AB - The constant infusion and single injection techniques were utilized to study the kinetics of 3H-testosterone (T) metabolism in posmenopausal women with and without breast cancer. The metabolic clearance rates (mean +/- SEM) for normal postmenopausal women were 578 +/- 82 and 644 +/- 128 1/24 has obtained by the constant infusion and single injection techniques, respectively. The corresponding results for the women with breast cancer (patients) are 644 +/- 25 and 617 +/- 106 1/24 h. The single injection technique yielded values for rate constants (units) and volumes of distribution (1); K1 = 37.5 +/- 1.6 for the normals and 34.5 +/- 1.9 for the patients, K = 76.6 +/- 5.1 for the normals and 71.1 +/- 1.6 for the patients, V1 = 7.9 +/- 2.2 for the normals and 8.7 +/- 1.4 for the patients and V2 = 7.0 +/- 1.5 for the normals and 6.4 +/- 1.2 for the patients. The constant infusion technique yielded values for the conversion ratios for the transformation of T to several products; 4-androstene-3,17-dione/T of 0.02 +/- 0.003 for normals and 0.03 +/- 0.002 for patients, 5alpha dihydrotestosterone/T of 0.02 +/- 0.002 for normals and 0.03 +/- 0.002 for patients, estrone/T of 0.04 +/- 0.01 for normals and 0.04 +/- 0.01 for patients, estradiol-17beta/T of 0.02 +/- 0.005 for normals and 0.03 +/- 0.005 for patients and estrone sulfate/T of 0.16 +/- 0.02 for normals and 0.24 +/- 0.06 for patients. The T plasma concentrations and production rates were similar for the two groups of subjects. Hence there were no significant differences between the normals and the patients for all the kinetic parameters. It was determined that all the estradiol being produced in postmenopausal women could be coming from circulating T. PMID- 715823 TI - Synthesis of biological precursors of cholic acid. AB - This paper describes a new and convenient procedure for the synthesis of 5beta cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol (24R and 24 S) and 5beta-cholestane 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetrol starting from 5beta-cholestane 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol. Dehydration of the 25-hydroxytetrol with glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride yielded a mixture of 5beta-cholest-24-ene 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol and the corresponding delta25 compound. Hydroboration and oxidation of the mixture of delta24 and delta25 unsaturated bile alcohols resulted in the formation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24epsilon tetrol and 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetrol. In addition, smaller amounts of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,23epsilon-tetrol and 5beta cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol were also obtained. The bile alcohols epimeric at C-24 were resolved by analytical and preparative TLC, characterized by gas-liquid chromatography and mass-spectrometry. Tentatively assignments of the 24R and 24S configuration was made on the basis of molecular rotation differences. These compounds will be useful for biological studies of cholic acid biosynthesis. PMID- 715824 TI - Steroidogenic capabilities of the early mouse embryo. AB - Preimplantation embryos from ICR albino mice were used to determine progesterone and estradiol-17beta production during incubation in BMOC-2. Following culture of 40 embryos/culture at either the morula, early blastocyst or late blastocyst stages, progesterone and estradiol-17beta contents were 192 +/- 27 and 82 +/- 22 pg, 289 +/- 50 and 147 +/- 46 pg and 157 +/- 28 and 88 +/- 23 pg, respectively, for incubated samples and 306 +/- 68 and 89 +/- 40 pg, 404 +/- 63 and 125 +/- 44 pg, and 241 +/- 54 and 86 +/- 39 pg, respectively for control samples. Although, there were significant stage of development and treatments effects (p less than 0.05) for progesterone, production of this steroid was not evident. These data suggest that the early preimplantation mouse embryo does not produce progesterone or estradiol-17beta in a defined culture system. PMID- 715825 TI - The hydrolysis of bile acid conjugates. AB - Studies were made of a) the relationship of bile acid structure and analytical recoveries (measured by 3-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase) following vigorous alkaline hydrolysis of bile acid conjugates and b) the relationship of structure and hydrolysis time of taurine- and glycine bile acid conjugates in a reaction catalyzed by glycocholic acid hydrolase. Alkaline hydrolysis resulted in good recoveries of hydroxy and 7 and 12- oxo-bile acids but poor recoveries of 3-oxo bile acids. Borohydride reduction of the 3-oxo-acids prevented these losses. Complete enzymatic hydrolysis of glycine conjugated bile acids was about five times more rapid than that of taurine conjugates. Hydrolysis of conjugates containing oxo groups was slow. Borohydride reduction of oxo-acids corrected this and did not inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis. It was concluded that both vigorous alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis are satisfactory in bile acid assays if borohydride reduction is instituted before the hydrolytic step. However, due to the presence of possible enzyme inhibitors and solubility difficulties, strong alkaline hydrolysis is preferable to enzymatic hydrolysis in fecal bile acid determinations at this time. PMID- 715826 TI - Androgen metabolism in sheep. AB - 3H-Testosterone (3H-T) plus 14C-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (A-dione) and 3H-epi testosterone (17alpha-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one) (epiT) plus 14C-T were injected intravenously into two male sheep with bile fistulae, respectively. Urine and bile samples were collected at intervals for 4-8 hours and analyzed by the use of DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Lipidex 5000 columns, TLC, and paper chromatography; the aglycones were identified by co-crystallization with authentic standards. Five fractions were obtained from urine and bile: unconjugated, glucosiduronates, sulfates, sulfo-glucosiduronates and disulfates. In urine, the major conjugates were glucosiduronates, while sulfates predominated in bile. About 80-90% of recovered radioactivity was found to be either glucosiduronates or sulfates. Among the metabolites identified, epi-T was the principal one, accounting for 10 15% of the administered doses. Conversion to 17alpha-hydroxysteroids thus appears to be a major route of metabolism of the androgens administered in sheep. Other metabolites in the glucosiduronate and sulfate fractions were androsterone, etiocholanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one), 5beta-androstane 3alpha,17beta-diol, two unknown diols and polar metabolites. The results indicated that androgen metabolism is somewhat unusual in sheep, as compared with other animals and the human. PMID- 715827 TI - World leaders declaration on population. PMID- 715828 TI - Continued use of contraception among Philippine family planning acceptors: a multivariate analysis. AB - The factors that contribute to continued use of contraception are examined through a multivariate analysis of data gathered in the course of the Philippine 1974 National Acceptor Survey. Twenty-five independent variables were utilized in the analysis, of which only three were found to have an appreciable effect upon continuation: the method accepted, age, and husband's attitude regarding family planning. When the sample was divided into method subgroups, several features of the service process explained variance in pill continuation, and fecundability explained variance in rhythm continuation. The findings suggest that there is considerable potential for improving the effectiveness of the Philippine program through administrative action. Better IUD services and information, more emphasis on the needs of husbands, and improvements in the ongoing support of pill users could substantially improve the amount of contraceptive protection offered by the program. PMID- 715829 TI - Two determinants of fertility decline: a test of competing models. AB - This paper compares alternative models for the process by which education and infant mortality changes may combine to reduce fertility. A linear, interactive model appears most suitable. Substantively, it indicates that those countries with a combination of low infant mortality rates and high educational enrollments experience synergistically large declines in fertility. Patterns of contraceptive use are also consistent with this model. PMID- 715830 TI - Population processes and improving the quality of human life. PMID- 715831 TI - The small, healthy family project. PMID- 715832 TI - Fertility and family planning in rural northern Thailand. AB - From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, when fertility was declining in Thailand as a whole, especially rapid declines occurred in Northern Thailand, but they did not occur uniformly in all the region's provinces. The Northern Thailand Fertility Study, initiated in 1975 to study the reported fertility changes, gathered data in two provinces: Chiang Mai, where fertility decline has been quite rapid, and Chiang Rai, which experienced relatively little decline until 1974. This preliminary report discusses fertility levels and trends in the two provinces, fertility experience and expectations of respondents, attitudes toward and knowledge of family planning, and contraceptive practice. The results suggest that most of the difference in fertility decline is related to the different level of family planning program activity in the two provinces. PMID- 715833 TI - An evaluation of male contraceptive acceptance in rural Ghana. AB - To evaluate the effect of male contraceptive acceptance on fertility, the Danfa Family Planning Project in rural Ghana studied a sample of its male family planning acceptors. The findings show that half of the survey respondents accepted foam for use by their partners and half accepted the condom. The continuation rate (69 percent at 12 months) and use-effectiveness rate (80 percent at 12 months) reported by men were higher than those reported by women program acceptors. It is felt that men can play a significant role in affecting fertility through their influence on a couple's choosing to use contraception and as a result of their motivation to obtain contraception and see that it is used. It is urged that increasing emphasis be placed on providing family planning services for men in African programs. PMID- 715834 TI - Feeding young infants in developing countries: comments on the current situation and future needs. PMID- 715835 TI - [Injuries and the impacts on the vehicular transport as a reflection of human tissue traumatization]. PMID- 715836 TI - [Forensic medical expertise problems of automobile-motorcycle injury]. PMID- 715837 TI - [Establishing the make of automobile from the characteristics of the tibial fractures]. PMID- 715838 TI - [Indication of the deviation of the spinous processes in establishing the direction of traversal by a car]. PMID- 715839 TI - [Diagnostic importance of injuries to the car driver and passengers]. PMID- 715840 TI - [Arch-like ruptures of the liver as a sign of being run over by an automobile wheel]. PMID- 715841 TI - [Identification of the injury-inflicting instrument in agricultural trauma]. PMID- 715842 TI - [Diagnosis of the intravital origin of a mechanical injury by a disc electrophoretic method]. PMID- 715843 TI - [Forensic medical aspects of the diagnosis of the cardiac mechanism of death in alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 715844 TI - [Phased study of glycoside losses in forensic chemical research]. PMID- 715845 TI - [Determination of bucarban in cadaveric material]. PMID- 715846 TI - [Obtaining experimental impressions of the details of means of transport]. PMID- 715847 TI - [Preventive work in an interdistrict forensic medical department]. PMID- 715848 TI - ["Imprint" injuries in motorcycle accidents]. PMID- 715849 TI - [Traumatic pulmonary emphysema on being run over by a car]. PMID- 715850 TI - [Death from acute uremia developing after a wound and subsequent removal of the single left kidney]. PMID- 715851 TI - [Death from strangulation by an unusually placed noose]. PMID- 715853 TI - Symbiosis, empathy, suicidal behavior, and the family. AB - This paper discusses the theoretical concept of symbiosis, as described by Mahler and her co-workers, and its clinical applications in suicidal situations. Symbiosis is defined as both a developmental phase characterized by a lack of differentiation between self and others and a relationship which is contingent upon the family and social network. A disturbed symbiosis is a major component in a suicide attempt. The destructive aspects of symbiosis are traced together with its relationship to empathy and the efforts to both restore and resolve a symbiotic conflict through suicidal behavior. In family therapy a repetition of older symbiotic relationships is frequently observed. These are repeated from one generation to the next in order to keep the old relationship alive. Finally, the practical implications of the concept of symbiosis for assessment and treatment are discussed. PMID- 715852 TI - [Improvement in the forensic medical expertise of automobile injury]. PMID- 715855 TI - Dimensions of black suicide: a theoretical model. AB - This paper has two purposes: (1) to develop a theoretical model of suicide, based on the previous work of Henry and Short, and (2) to apply that model in the study of black suicides in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. In so doing, we are focusing on suicide among a traditionally low-status, low-suicide population group, one which Henry and Short cited in support of the positive relationship between status and suicide. The generality of the theory is thus examined in this and other ways. The theory of "external restraints" is only weakly sustained by this analysis. More adequate testing of the theory must await further data, with careful attention to the subjective aspects of hypothesized structural relationships. PMID- 715854 TI - Psychiatric hospital treament of suicidal children. AB - Three phases of psychiatric hospital treatment of children, ages 6 to 12 years, admitted to the hospital because of suicidal threats or suicidal attempts are described. Suicidal behavior in young children must always be taken seriously. Although suicidal behavior usually ceases upon hospitalization, suicidal ideas may continue to be expressed in play fantasy. In addition to individual and milieu therapy, treatment must also include concomitant assistance of the parents. The treatment procedures are illustrated by suicidal case examples of a depressed girl, an acting-out boy, and a psychotic boy. PMID- 715856 TI - Vehicle drivers and fatal accidents. AB - This study attempts an exploratory study of the question, What happens to drivers of vehicles involved in accidents in which there is a fatality, whether or not the driver was at fault? The purpose of the investigation was to attempt to determine what, if any, crisis intervention is needed for such drivers. A total of 33 drivers participated who were involved in such an accident from 6 months to 11 years prior to the interviews. Major findings are (1) the range of time for drivers to resolve their crises seemed to be from a few hours to years after the accident, (2) the crises created many psychosocial and physical problems for these drivers, (3) the support of family, friends, and significant others was the most important variable for the drivers in crisis resolution, (4) condemnation hindered them most. PMID- 715857 TI - A price too dear. PMID- 715858 TI - Regional specialty medical societies. Presidential address. PMID- 715859 TI - Clinical evaluation and follow-up on 3,829 IUD procedures. PMID- 715860 TI - Practical considerations for the routine application of left lateral Sims' position for vaginal delivery. PMID- 715862 TI - Transabdominal repair of cystocele, a 20 year experience, compared with the traditional vaginal approach. PMID- 715861 TI - Microsurgical techniques of anastomosis of the fallopian tubes. PMID- 715863 TI - The primary-care physician and cancer detection. The role of the Pap smear. PMID- 715864 TI - Intramural pregnancy with uterine rupture: a case report. PMID- 715865 TI - Cooper ligament repair of vaginal vault prolapse twenty-eight years later. PMID- 715866 TI - The effect of glucocorticoids on the maturation of premature lung membranes: Preventing the respiratory distress syndrome by glycocorticoids. PMID- 715867 TI - Salpingo-oophorectomy at the time of vaginal hysterectomy. PMID- 715868 TI - Pelvic abscess in association with intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 715869 TI - A computerized perinatal data system for a region. PMID- 715870 TI - Stage II endometrial carcinoma: two modalities of treatment. PMID- 715871 TI - Biophysical monitoring of autonomic and neuromuscular systems during pregnancy. PMID- 715872 TI - Massive peripheral giant-cell reparative granuloma of the jaw: a pregnancy dependent tumor. PMID- 715873 TI - Immunologic aspects of malignancy. PMID- 715874 TI - The randomized management of term frank breech presentation: vaginal delivery vs. cesarean section. PMID- 715875 TI - Crohn's disease: "its gynecologic aspect". PMID- 715876 TI - Gynecology and obstetrics in developing countries. PMID- 715877 TI - Management of traumatic paraplegia. PMID- 715878 TI - Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. PMID- 715879 TI - Peruvian experience of the practice of tubal ligation. PMID- 715880 TI - Pregnancy calculator for developing countries. PMID- 715881 TI - Acquired gynaetresia in Nigeria. PMID- 715882 TI - Duodenal ulcer, largely an urban disease in Africans in subtropical Africa. PMID- 715883 TI - Clinical pathology without microscopy. PMID- 715884 TI - Socio-economic factors affecting utilization of a rural Indian hospital. PMID- 715885 TI - A successful programme for medical auxiliaries treating childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia. PMID- 715886 TI - The propharmacy as a means of meeting chronic drug shortages in rural health centres in rural African communities. PMID- 715887 TI - Demographic and epidemiological transition in Africa. PMID- 715888 TI - [Rare noncancerous tumors of the neck (apropos of 5 cases)]. PMID- 715889 TI - [Articular manifestations of disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 715890 TI - [Unusual causes of stenosis and occlusion of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 715891 TI - [Amoxicillin, a new treatment of typhoid fever (apropos of 21 cases)]. PMID- 715892 TI - [Incidence and etiology of the newborn weighing 2,500 g. or less at the maternity unit of the Hopital Habib Thameur]. PMID- 715893 TI - [Therapeutic indications for Hamman Zriba thermal waters]. PMID- 715895 TI - [2 cases of respiratory distress caused by hydatid pneumothorax]. PMID- 715894 TI - [Relationship between fecundity, lactation and infant mortality. Initial results of a survey based on a sample representative of the population of Nabeul]. PMID- 715896 TI - [Angiomyolipoma of the kidney or renal hamartoma]. PMID- 715897 TI - [Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring]. PMID- 715898 TI - [The clinical course after the 1st angina pectoris attack. A prospective study]. PMID- 715900 TI - [Food and serum cholesterol]. PMID- 715899 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 715901 TI - [Drug information. Dithranol]. PMID- 715902 TI - [Temporal, financial and mental stress involved when a severely mentally retarded child between 6 and 14 years of age lives at home]. PMID- 715903 TI - [Deiodination of thyroxine to active and inactive triiodothyronine]. PMID- 715904 TI - [Incidence of abnormal serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and reverse T3 in patients without thyroid disease]. PMID- 715905 TI - [Aneurysmectomy of the left ventricle]. PMID- 715906 TI - [High blood pressure discovered by a causal measurement. Problems concerning diagnosis of hypertension and selection of antihypertensive treatment]. PMID- 715907 TI - [Hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea treated with bromocriptine]. PMID- 715908 TI - [Bird breeder's (fancier's) lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 715910 TI - [Hospitals should also educate physicians]. PMID- 715909 TI - [Kidney diseases as cause of death in Denmark in the years 1941--1975]. PMID- 715911 TI - [Danish hepatology]. PMID- 715912 TI - [Clientele of ambulatory clinics for alcoholics]. PMID- 715913 TI - [Patients attending an ambulatory clinic for alcoholics]. PMID- 715914 TI - [Casualty departments and alcohol abuse]. PMID- 715915 TI - [Experience with multidisiplinary cooperation in general practice. Preventive social work]. PMID- 715916 TI - [Attempts to discover Danish abortion statistics from 1920 to 1940]. PMID- 715917 TI - Annular array design and logarithmic processing for ultrasonic imaging. PMID- 715918 TI - Device for measurement of fetal breathing movements--II. Accuracy of in vitro measurements, filtering of output signals, and clinical application. PMID- 715919 TI - Color coded ultrasonic differential velocity arterial scanner (Echoflow). PMID- 715920 TI - The differentiation of bile ducts and blood vessels using a pulsed Doppler system. PMID- 715921 TI - Variation of radiation force values with differing gas content of propagating media. PMID- 715922 TI - [Health care and biomedical research in Canada--1978. 2. Biomedical research]. PMID- 715924 TI - [Radiologic examination of the cervical spine in injured persons]. PMID- 715923 TI - [Pre-employment radiologic examination of the vertebral column]. PMID- 715925 TI - [Role of radiology in work-related lung diseases. II. Relative importance of all technical factors involved in the production of a lung film PA 14 x 17 of an optimum quality]. PMID- 715926 TI - [Endobronchial brushing and transthoracic biopsy (TTB) in the diagnosis of lung diseases]. PMID- 715927 TI - [Cortical irregularities in distal metaphyses of the femur in children]. PMID- 715928 TI - [Computer-assisted axial tomography in the evaluation of adrenal glands: review of 42 cases]. PMID- 715929 TI - [Contribution of nuclear medicine to cardiologic research]. PMID- 715930 TI - [Abdominal ultrasonography]. PMID- 715931 TI - [Pediatric renal echography]. PMID- 715932 TI - [Contribution of axial tomography to the study of the mediastinum]. PMID- 715933 TI - [Open letter to the Postmaster General]. PMID- 715934 TI - [Plastic and reconstructive surgery: a misnomed specialty]. PMID- 715935 TI - [Future of microsurgery]. PMID- 715936 TI - [Treatment of labiopalatine cleft: team work]. PMID- 715937 TI - [Hemangioma in children]. PMID- 715938 TI - [Reconstruction of the eyelids]. PMID- 715939 TI - [Dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint: reevaluation and therapeutic principles]. PMID- 715940 TI - [Frostbite: review and new concepts]. PMID- 715941 TI - [Autogenic training--nonpharmacological approach to insomnia]. PMID- 715942 TI - [Thromboembolic phenomena during chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 715943 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism: study of 21 cases in the region of Eastern districts]. PMID- 715944 TI - [Bioavailability, a pseudoproblem?]. PMID- 715945 TI - Effect of the endocrine state of blastocyst donors on the time required for initiation of trophoblast outgrowth. AB - Blastocysts from mice in a state of delayed implantation after ovariectomy were recovered on day 5, 7 or 9 (day 1 was the day a vaginal plug was found). Blastocysts were also recovered on day 7 from animals that had received an injection of oestradiol-17beta 8, 16 or 24 hours earlier. The blastocysts were incubated in a modified Brinster's medium to which serum had been added and the time of initiation of blastocyst outgrowth was recorded. Blastcysts from early delay grew out before those from late delay. A steady state of outgrowth time was achieved on day 7. It is therefore suggested that blastocysts for culture experiments in which the metabolic activity level is crucial should not be recovered before the steady state is attained. Oestrogen injections caused earlier outgrowths, at least after 16 h, which indicates that the earlier outgrowth soon after ovariectomy might also be caused by a residual effect of the oestrogen. PMID- 715946 TI - Prolonged serum insulin decreasing effects of two synthetic somatostatin analogues studied in vivo by a new animal method. Preliminary communication. AB - A newly developed in vivo method, using the ob-ob strain of obese-hyperglycaemic mice with permanently very high serum insulin values, makes it possible to detect more prolonged serum insulin lowering properties than in normal animals. Two newly synthesized analogues of somatostatin, D-alanine-somatostatin and des alanine-des glycine-des-amino-somatostatin produced a more prolonged and greater decrease in the serum insulin values of ob-ob mice than did somatostatin. Our new in vivo method makes it possible to investigate the duration of insulin suppression of new derivatives. PMID- 715947 TI - Health and disease at the age of sixty. Findings in a health survey of 60-year old men in Uppsala and a comparison with men 10 years younger. AB - A health investigation was performed among 331 men aged 60 years in Uppsala. The investigation was performed in the same way as in 50-year-old men (n = 2322) in the same community, previously described. Thus it was possible to make certain comparisons between these two populations of middle-aged men. A considerably higher morbidity, given as point prevalence, was found for diseases of the cardiovascular system and of the endocrine organs, in the older population compared with the younger. Parallel to this a higher consumption of pharmaceuticals was reported by the older men. Only 39% among the older men versus 51% of the younger men were smokers. Nearly the same number (two-thirds) of men in both age groups were without codable ECG abnormalities in their resting ECG. Among the older men, however, there were more subjects having multiple pathological ECG findings than in the younger age group. It is concluded that it is possible to reach approximately 80% of the actual population in special health investigations, in middle-aged men. Future studies, preferably in younger subjects, should aim at an early detection and primary prevention of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. PMID- 715948 TI - Microsphere measurement of regional intestinal blood supply and cardiac output in the rat. AB - The regional blood supply to consecutive segments of the small intestine in the anaesthetized rat was investigated with a radioactive microsphere technique. A blood flow gradient with the lowest flow in the distal segments (0.85--0.89 ml/min.g) and the highest in the proximal segments (1.13--1.15 ml/min.g) was observed. Very few microspheres were found in the portal vein blood, indicating negligible arteriovenous shunting in the splanchnic area. The mean cardiac outputs in two consecutive measurements were 27.9 and 28.7 ml/min . 100 g, respectively. The cardiac output and regional blood flow values were in accordance with those obtained with other techniques. PMID- 715949 TI - Studies on the transport of small bowel contents. An experimental study in the rat with special reference to the evaluation of non-propulsive intestinal movements. AB - An earlier study (4) of chyme propagation through the small bowel in conscious rats has revealed that the luminal contents are transported in separate portions, which exchange material only to a limited extent. In the present study this transport pattern was confirmed also after the following changes in the standardized experimental conditions used previously: (a) replacement of the standard radioactive labels (125I-PVP and 131I-PVP) with Na2(51CrO4) and 99Tcm sulphur colloid, (b) replacement of the test meal with saline and (c) investigation of animals without a preceding starvation period. It was also found that the small bowel propulsion was enhanced when the test substance was infused at a higher rate, and that this change did not affect the exchange of material between the portions. The small mixing was further confirmed in experiments in which shifts of label were made repeatedly at constant intervals throughout the infusion period. Distinct regions in which one of the labels predominated could be demonstrated along the entire small bowel when the time interval was diminished to 30 but not to 20 min. PMID- 715950 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the effect of short-term hormonal therapy on postmenopausal endometrium. PMID- 715951 TI - [State of the blood coagulation system in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 715952 TI - [Disordered plasma coagulation and thrombocyte function in prostate cancer and the principles of their correction]. PMID- 715953 TI - [Stenosis of the renal vein (etiology, symptomatology, diagnostic principles)]. PMID- 715954 TI - [Erythrokinetics in chronic glomerulonephritis with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 715955 TI - [Nephrocalcinosis in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 715956 TI - [Express method of determining the resistance of human spermatozoa]. PMID- 715957 TI - [Embolization of the renal arteries in the treatment of kidney tumors]. PMID- 715958 TI - [Surgical treatment of a kidney tumor and intensive preoperative irradiation]. PMID- 715959 TI - [Massive hemorrhage into the paranephric cellular tissue as a consequence of a thromboembolism of the superior branch of the renal artery]. PMID- 715960 TI - [Cancer of the kidney with traumatic rupture in a 13-year-old child]. PMID- 715961 TI - [Retractor speculum for the anterior vaginal wall in the surgical treatment of urinary incontinence in women]. PMID- 715962 TI - [Extracorporeal surgery on the renal artery]. PMID- 715963 TI - Dissolution of uric acid calculi with THAM irrigation. PMID- 715964 TI - Transfer of adoptive immunity by intra-arterial injection of tumor-immune pig lymph node cells: treatment of recurrent urinary bladder carcinoma after radical radiotherapy. AB - Twenty-four patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, recurrent after radiotherapy, were treated by intra-arterial infusion of tumor-immune pig lymph node cells. In 11 patients there was a remission of the disease process, and 3 patients remain alive and free of disease in excess of one year after treatment. PMID- 715965 TI - Urinary calculous disease in childhood. AB - Reviewed are 56 cases of children suffering from urinary calculous disease between 1970 and 1977; 27 were female and 29 male. The age distribution was from one month to fourteen years. In 34 per cent of the children urodynamic disorders were responsible for stone formation, 23 per cent had identifiable metabolic disorders, and in 43 per cent the cause of stone formation was unknown. Urinary infection was present in 60 per cent of the patients. Forty-five of the 56 children (80 per cent) had to undergo surgery. After surgery 78 per cent remained stone free, while 16 per cent had recurrent stones, only half requiring a second operation. In cases of active stone disease, especially in the group with underlying metabolic disorders, specific therapeutic measures have been applied and the patients regularly investigated afterward. PMID- 715966 TI - Clinical aspects of granulomatous orchitis. AB - Granulomatous orchitis can present in a variety of forms varying from acute to chronic. Clinically, testicular neoplasm is usually diagnosed and radical orchiectomy is performed, with the correct diagnosis being made on microscopic examination. In this article 6 cases of granulomatous orchitis are presented, with a variety of clinical presentations varying from acute to the more chronic forms. PMID- 715967 TI - Endoscopic management of urethral stricture. AB - Experience with transurethral management of urethral stricture using conventional urethroscope and resectroscope of both infant and adult size is reported and the surgical procedure described. Because incision, dilation, and resection of the stricture are done under direct visual control, it is safe and applicable even in severe strictures hitherto untreatable with other refined closed methods. PMID- 715968 TI - Ether cystitis. AB - Two children are reported in whom chemical cystitis developed when ether was used to dissolve a Foley catheter balloon that would not deflate. The irritative effects of ether and preventive measures are discussed. PMID- 715969 TI - Carcinoma of prostate presenting as retroperitoneal mass. AB - The pattern of dissemination of prostatic carcinoma varies, but skeletal metastasis is the single most common symptomatic mode of presentation. The clinical course and treatment of the 2 cases presenting with symptomatic metastases to the retroperitoneum are described in detail and pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 715970 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis in children. PMID- 715971 TI - Branched renal mucous cast resulting from refluxing ileal conduit. PMID- 715972 TI - Inflatable penile prosthesis: new device for cylinder insertion. AB - A new device for insertion of inflatable penile cylinders into the corpus cavernosum significantly simplifies the implantation of the inflatable penile prosthesis. Use of this device assures accurate positioning within the corpora, with a minimum of device manipulation and tissue trauma, thereby minimizing postoperative complications. PMID- 715973 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of urinary bladder in children. AB - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the bladder is reported in a fourteen-year-old girl who is alive and without evidence of disease two years after partial cystectomy. Electron microscopy confirmed its smooth muscle nature. The data for 7 other children, including follow-up for 5, are tabulated. Partial cystectomy with adequate margin appears to be the treatment of choice when feasible. The tumor may be controlled with chemotherapy and radiation therapy in unresectable cases. PMID- 715974 TI - Ectopic renal cell carcinoma: pathologists problem. AB - Renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) rarely develops as a primary tumor outside the normal confines of the kidney. Although many reports of so-called extrarenal hypernephroma may be found in the literature, very few cases appear to fulfill modern criteria for tumors of true renal origin. Strict criteria for the diagnosis of true extrarenal hypernephroma are proposed, and a case that partially conforms to these standards is presented. PMID- 715975 TI - Case profile: carcinoma associated with ectopic ureter containing stones. PMID- 715976 TI - Intravenous urography in evaluation of acute retention. AB - The intravenous urograms of 894 patients with acute retention were assessed. The total number of lesions demonstrated was less than 1 per cent; consequently the value of routine intravenous urograms in patients with acute urinary retention is questioned. PMID- 715977 TI - Reduction in renal size associated with complete ureteric duplication. AB - Ureteric duplication, whether complicated or not, is usually associated with an increased in renal length. Two cases of renal duplex with nonfunction of the upper moeity, exhibiting a reduction in renal size, are presented. The radiologic features and the cause of this reduction in size are discussed. The importance of the postmicturition radiographs in cases of urinary tract infection is stressed. PMID- 715978 TI - Feasibility of inducing micturition through chronic stimulation of sacral roots. AB - Past attempts at inducing micturition in paraplegics by electric stimulation of the spinal cord micturition center have been generally unsuccessful. Failure has most often resulted from inability to separate the response of the detrusor from that of the sphincter. Because the sacral nerves provide some organizational specificity over the spinal cord and are practically suited to chronic stimulation, experiments were carried out in dogs to find out whether or not stimulation of these roots could induce micturition. Results of acute dog studies did suggest that micturition might effectively be performed by stimulation of the ventral root of the sacral nerve having the greatest detrusor representation. Specificity of bladder response was improved by dividing somatic fibers peripherally. Selected division of somatic fibers from the sacral root stimulated was compared with complete pudendal neurotomy. (The former procedure has the advantage of preserving perineal sensation.) The principles learned from the acute studies were then applied to "chronic" dogs--5 paraplegic and 1 normal. Effective voiding was achieved on a long-term basis. Over-all results were very encouraging. Further research is necessary before application of this technique to humans can be considered. PMID- 715979 TI - Functional electrical stimulation: method to differentiate supraspinal from segmental detrusor hyperreflexia. AB - Functional electrical stimulation of anal mucosa permits a differential diagnosis between supraspinal and segmental detrusor hyperreflexia. The method introduces an interesting concept on pathophysiology of micturition allowing a better selection of patients for appropriate treatment. PMID- 715980 TI - Testicular schistosomiasis. PMID- 715981 TI - Place and periodicity pitch by stimulation of multiple scala tympani electrodes in deaf volunteers. PMID- 715982 TI - Flow control in prolonged ventricular bypass and clinical application in 15 patients. AB - Long-term experiments employing left ventricular or biventricular bypass with local heparinization and blood filtration for up to 48 days was conducted in 51 calves at different flow rates. The principle of flow control obtained was applied to 15 patients in critical cardiac states. An avcothanized extracorporeal circuit consisted of heparin and protamine microperfusion lines, Pall filter, and nonpulsatile pump. Bypass with flow rates at 30--40% of cardiac output was conducted between 3 and 48 days. Survival was obtained in 34 of 36 calves. Bypass with flow rates at 60--80% of cardiac output was associated with 6 deaths in the 10 calves who underwent the procedure. Bypass with flow rates over 90% of cardiac output was often technically difficult and only 2 of 5 calves survived. Hemodynamic changes correlated well with the above results. In clinical cases flow rate was adjusted up to a maximum of 100% of left ventricular blood flow initially and thereafter to 30--40% of cardiac output for chronic support. A total of 15 patients with myocardial infarction, myocarditis and failing cardiac condition post-surgically were supported for 9--172 hrs. Six of the 15 survived. Adequate flow control in ventricular bypass support is important and the regimen developed in experimental studies proved effective clinically. PMID- 715983 TI - Self-pumping ureteral prosthesis. PMID- 715984 TI - Prolonged, transapical left ventricular bypass (TALVB) in sheep and man. AB - Transapical left ventricular bypass has been demonstrated in normal sheep and one lamb. Recently, TALVB was applied in 3 clinical cases of cardiac failure, with recovery of myocardial function in one patient after 9 days of bypass (6 days total TALVB). These studies suggest that LV apical cannula-roller pump bypass with low dose heparin anticoagulation and secondary surgery to remove the cannula may salvage some patients now dying of temporary cardiac failure. PMID- 715985 TI - Residual renal and dialyzer B12 clearance, EEG slowing, and nerve conduction velocity. PMID- 715986 TI - Vocational adjustment, psychological assessment and survival on hemodialysis. PMID- 715987 TI - Sorbent-filled hollow fibers for hemopurification. AB - Filled hollow fibers were prepared and evaluated for application in hemosorption. Powdered activated carbon, urease-carbon, and macroporous ion exchange resins were used as fillers in highly permeable cellulose acetate hollow fibers. The carbon-filled hollow fibers had better mass transfer properties than encapsulated carbon in solid form. Zirconium phosphate and 2 synthetic zeolites were tested for ammonium ion adsorption from buffered saline and Ringer's salt solutions. Synthetic zeolites were found to have higher specificity and capacity for ammonium ion adsorption than zirconium phosphate. Projections are that hemosorption devices utilizing urease, carbon, and zeolites could remove all nitrogenous waste metabolites currently being treated only by dialysis. Oxystarch and oxystarch derivatives were tested for direct urea adsorption and were found unsuitable for this application. PMID- 715988 TI - Enhanced clearance with intraperitoneal nitroprusside in high flow recirculation peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 715989 TI - Increased peritoneal mass transport with glucagon acting at the vascular surface. PMID- 715990 TI - Effects of varying dialysate sodium using large surface area dialyzers. PMID- 715991 TI - Thirst, relative hypernatremia, and excessive weight gain in maintenance peritoneal dialysis. AB - The conventional dialysate of 2.5 gm% dextrose, and 132 mEq/L sodium may result in mild postdialysis hypernatremia, thirst and excessive interdialytic weight gain. A reduction of dialysate sodium to 118--120 mEq/L is recommended. PMID- 715992 TI - Mapping the projection of the visual field onto visual cortex in man by direct electrical stimulation. PMID- 715993 TI - In vitro permeability studies of peritoneal (P), cuprophan (C), and polycarbonate (PCM) membranes. AB - A unique dialysis device was developed to allow direct comparison of permeability characteristics of different membranes to various solutes under identical conditions. Studies with Cuprophan (CM), polycaronate (PCM), and peritoneal membrane (P) yielded the following results: 1. PCM is similar to CM in permeability to low molecular weight solutes. 2. PCM is significantly more permeable to middle molecular weight substances than CM or P. 3. P is more permeable to middle molecules than CM. PMID- 715994 TI - Quantitation of membrane-protein-solute interactions during ultrafiltration. PMID- 715995 TI - Polymer induced ultrafiltration in dialysis: high osmotic pressure due to impermeant polymer sodium. PMID- 715997 TI - Continuous low flow hemofiltration with sorbent regeneration of ultrafiltrate. AB - In summary, a series of experiments have culminated in the maintenance of 2 anephric sheep for 48 and 72 hrs with CLF-HF treatment. Ewe A died of hemorrhage secondary to systemic heparinization and recent surgery. Ewe B was terminated electively. The technique of CLF-HF proved satisfactory in the control of urea, creatinine and water. Sodium and hydrogen ion balance required substantial therapeutic manipulations in addition to CLF-HF to maintain satisfactory balance with the present system. Technical and functional performance of the ultrafilter was better than anticipated. Cartridge performance was sufficiently satisfactory to demonstrate that the procedure will work. The unphysiologic linking of urea, hydrogen and sodium sorption resulted in difficulty in maintaining satisfactory sodium and hydrogen balance. Coupling a disposable reprocessing system, which lacks the deficiencies mentioned above, with continuous hemofiltration can provide a truly wearable artificial kidney. PMID- 715996 TI - Clinical evaluation of postdilution dialysis with a combined ultrafiltration (UF) -hemodialysis (HD) system. PMID- 715998 TI - Artificial cells microencapsulated multienzyme system for converting urea and ammonia to amino acid using alpha-ketoglutarate and glucose as substrate. PMID- 716000 TI - Modified graphite-expanded PTFE (G-PTFE) for use as a superior vena cava (SVC) substitute. PMID- 715999 TI - Hemofiltration with sorbent recycling of ultrafiltrate in uremic dogs. PMID- 716001 TI - An elastomeric vascular prosthesis. PMID- 716002 TI - Continuous flow membrane filtration of plasma from whole blood. PMID- 716003 TI - Design and initial testing of a totally implantable transcutaneously controllable insulin delivery device. PMID- 716004 TI - Prolonged hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in management of hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 716005 TI - Biochemical correlates of reversal of hepatic coma coated with charcoal hemoperfusion. AB - Ten patients in stage IV hepatic encephalopathy who had not responded to conventional therapy for at least 48 hrs were treated with one or more 4 hr periods of hemoperfusion. Nine (90%) awoke, and 4 (40%) are alive to date, the survivors having acutely toxic and infective hepatic lesions. Biochemical changes that occurred were a reduction in blood ammonia of 23%, a rise in the ratio of branched chain to aromatic amino acids in blood (1.08 +/- 0.3 to 1.3 +/- 0.4), and cerebrospinal fluid (0.26 +/- 0.02 to 0.32 to 0.03), and a rise in cerebrospinal fluid cAMP from 2.3 +/- 0.7 ng/ml to 3.4 +/- 1.29 ng/ml with hemoperfusion. Administration of platelets and fresh frozen plasma restored the reduction of platelet counts of 29% towards pretreatment values. PMID- 716006 TI - Effects of hemoperfusion rate and time of initiation of ACAC charcoal hemoperfusion on the survival of fulminant hepatic failure rats. PMID- 716007 TI - An efficient, specific and blood compatible sorbent system for hepatic assist. PMID- 716008 TI - A prototype for a hybrid artificial liver. PMID- 716009 TI - Development of a total prosthetic urinary bladder. PMID- 716010 TI - The effect of hypothermic pulsatile perfusion on glomerular epithelial surface structures studied by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 716011 TI - Stroma-free hemoglobin solution for perfusion of the isolated lamb heart at 38 degrees C. PMID- 716012 TI - Cannulation of subclavian vein for hemodialysis using Seldinger's technique. PMID- 716013 TI - Algorithm for evaluation of postcardiotomy or infarction low output syndromes during mechanical circulatory support (IABP/ALVAD). PMID- 716014 TI - Beneficial effects of nonpulsatile left ventricular bypass on myocardial energy utilization: interaction of oxygen demand and supply. PMID- 716015 TI - Plasma cortisol and antidiuretic hormone concentrations after artificial heart implantation. PMID- 716016 TI - Effect of the antiplatelet drug dipyridamole (RAF) on leukocyte response to mechanical trauma. PMID- 716017 TI - Comparison of the hemofiltration/molecular separation artificial kidney concept with hemodialysis: acute preclinical trials. AB - If adequate electrolyte adjustments are made, the only problems with the present HFMS system are the need to replenish divalent cations, add buffer, and remove the evolved CO2. Even with these deficiencies the system is portable, objectively and subjectively better than HD, and capable of being wearable in the foreseeable future. PMID- 716018 TI - Alcohol-treated PTFE vascular grafts. PMID- 716019 TI - A modified knife for apical coring in LVAD implantation studies. PMID- 716020 TI - Compact oxygenator design with curved tubes wound in weaving patterns. PMID- 716021 TI - Biological tissue valves in cardiac prostheses. PMID- 716022 TI - Improved coronary oxygenation by transseptal left atrial cannulation during lung support. PMID- 716023 TI - Ultrasonic mapping and quantification of the dynamic performance of total artificial heart. PMID- 716024 TI - Quantitative methods for testing pseudoneointima developing on textured blood interfacing surfaces within left ventricular assist devices (LVADS). PMID- 716025 TI - Patient-hemodialyzer interactions. PMID- 716026 TI - Hypertension and hemodialysis. PMID- 716027 TI - Neurobehavioral and clinical responses to hemodialysis. PMID- 716028 TI - The use of skeletal muscle membrane potential measurements to evaluate shortened dialysis time with large surface area dialyzers. PMID- 716029 TI - Altered taste perception in uremia. PMID- 716030 TI - Microcalorimetric and electrophoretic studies of proteins sorption from plasma. PMID- 716031 TI - New hydrophilic copolymers for biomedical applications. AB - New hydrophilic copolymers with controlled number of surface hydroxyl groups were prepared using gamma-irradiation. The method involved the copolymerization of 2 monomers of varying feed ratio, using gamma-irradiation from a Cobalt60 unit, followed by partial or full hydrolysis (methanolysis), which leads to linear copolymers of simple structure with surface hydroxyl groups. These surfaces were further heparinized using covalent bonds through acetal bridges between heparin and surface hydroxyl groups. In systems of VAc and NVP, the feed ratio varied between 0.1--0.5 and the irradiation dose between 1--5 megarads. The copolymers obtained by this method were analyzed for nitrogen to establish their chemical structure. The reactivity ratios (r1 and and r2) were determined as 0.322 and 3.26, respectively, and curves of copolymer composition versus feed ratio were constructed. Upon hydrolysis swelling ratios of up to 24 were determined and reported as a function of copolymer hydroxyl composition. These hydrogels of PVA copolymers were heparinized by covalent binding of heparin on the hydroxyl groups and elution of heparin in flow was studied. PMID- 716032 TI - Soft tissue ingrowth into hydrogels. PMID- 716033 TI - Endothelialization in blood pumps. PMID- 716034 TI - Precise anticoagulation for routine hemodialysis using nomograms. PMID- 716035 TI - Principles and clinical application of ultrashort dialysis. PMID- 716036 TI - Factors governing hemofiltration (HF) in a parallel plate exchanger with highly permeable membranes. PMID- 716037 TI - Short-time hemodiafiltration using polymethylmethacrylate hemodiafilter. AB - Three times 3 hr/wk hemodiafiltration (simultaneous hemofiltration and dialysis: HDF) using Toray HDF system has been carried out on 4 patients. Filters used were Toray Filtryzers (membrane: polymethylmethacrylate, surface area 1.15 M2) with a dialysate flow of 500 ml/min. Nine to 10 L of body fluid was removed and 7-8 L of substitution fluid was reinfused distal to the filter (postdilution). Short-time HDF was favorable accepted by the patients. Blood pressure was stable, and disequilibrium syndrome negligible. Clinical courses as well as laboratory findings of the patients were satisfactory. The reduction rate of middle to larger molecules was 20 to 100% higher compared to conventional HD as measured by chromatogram. Loss of amino acids was about 3 gm/treatment. Reduction of hormones was negligible and no depletion syndrome was observed throughout the observation period up to 10 mos. Acidosis was corrected within 3-4 hrs. Elevated blood concentration of lactate and acetate gradually decreased to a pretreatment level within 2-3 hrs after termination of the procedure. Removal of middle molecules by HDF, in addition to removal of small molecules by conventional hemodialysis, is considered to be the treatment of choice for uremic patients. PMID- 716038 TI - Comparison of positive pressure ultrafiltration versus negative pressure ultrafiltration in the hollow fiber artificial kidney. PMID- 716039 TI - Correction of hemodialysis induced hypoxemia by increasing fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2). PMID- 716040 TI - "On line" preparation of sterile pyrogen-free electrolyte solution. PMID- 716041 TI - Blood chemical continuous monitoring system for hemodialysis. PMID- 716042 TI - Cardiac failure from bovine graft arteriovenous fistulas: diagnosis and management. PMID- 716043 TI - Additional experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 716044 TI - A simple and safe technique for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 716045 TI - Continuous low-dose insulin infusion in diabetics receiving peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 716046 TI - Artery-to-artery polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) shunt for hemodialysis. PMID- 716047 TI - Abnormal plasma and erythrocyte zinc distribution in uremia. PMID- 716048 TI - Method for hemodynamic studies of parallel flow dialyzers. PMID- 716049 TI - Initial clinical evaluation of the Hospal artificial kidney system. AB - A high flux artificial kidney system, which permits control over ultrafiltration, has been developed and patients are now being treated with it at a large outpatient kidney center. The basic operating characteristics have been described and some preliminary clinical results mentioned. Characteristics of the Hospital Artificial Kidney System are: 1. Higher clearances for middle molecules than conventional systems; 2. Adequate clearances for small solutes such as urea; 3. Predictable control of ultrafiltration with discrepancies between actual weight loss and theoretical weight loss on the order of 0.7 to 1.3 ml/min, when the system is operated in the designated manner. PMID- 716050 TI - Fallibility of the platelet count and fibrinogen concentration in evaluating circulatory assistance technique--a plea for turnover studies. AB - Platelet and fibrinogen kinetics were investigated in calves undergoing prolonged extracorporeal left ventricular bypass in which both platelet and fibrinogen concentrations were within or above the normal range. Sequential survival time measurements documented significant continuing destruction of both platelets and fibrinogen during the course of these perfusions, with markedly elevated turnover rates of both components. The ineffectiveness of ASA and Persantine to return these functions to normal suggests that the mechanism of destruction includes trauma from the moving parts of the system, including the rotor and bearing seal, as well as surface-induced injury from the conduits and pump housing. Kinetic studies appear to be an essential requirement in the evaluation of blood destruction and subject tolerance of prolonged circuitry assistance devices. PMID- 716052 TI - Elimination of predilection sites for thrombus formation in the total artificial heart--before and after. PMID- 716051 TI - A technique to assess fibrinogen, platelet and red cell kinetics in calves with artificial hearts or circulatory assist devices. AB - 1. Normal data for routine hematologic studies including fibrinogen, VIIIAHF, AT III, and circulating platelet aggregates are reported for Holstein calves. 2. Therapy with warfarin, ASA, and dipyridamole does not alter these parameters such as VIIIAHF, AT III, or circulating platelet aggregates. 3. 75SeM can be used as an in vivo label to study the fibrinogen, platelet, and red cell kinetics simultaneously in calves. 4. Decreased VIIIAHF levels and decreased platelet survival are the most sensitive parameters to estimate the activation of coagulation in the animals with circulatory assist devices. 5. The total heart animals seem to have a significant decrease in fibrinogen and VIIIAHF levels as compared to normal and left ventricular assist animals. 6. Despite the use of warfarin and antiplatelet drugs, decreased platelet survival occurred in both the total heart and the left ventricular assist animals. Fibrinogen half life with 75SeM must be interpreted with caution until corrections for pool size, reutilization, and nonpeptide binding have been considered. PMID- 716053 TI - Leaflet opening characteristics of tissue valves prostheses in current clinical use. PMID- 716054 TI - Factors in human uremic serum that alter 25-hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism. PMID- 716055 TI - A new cardiac valve prosthesis: in vitro results. PMID- 716056 TI - The effect of temperature on the interaction of platelets and leukocytes with materials exposed to flowing blood. PMID- 716057 TI - Delineation of pump-induced thrombocytopenic responses. PMID- 716058 TI - Effects of hematological parameters on thrombus formation. PMID- 716059 TI - Surface reactivity and thrombus formation: subendothelium versus artificial surfaces. PMID- 716060 TI - Some physical characteristics of normal erythrocyte membrane from experimental animals and humans. PMID- 716061 TI - White blood cell phagocytosis after artificial heart implantation. PMID- 716062 TI - Insignificant blood damage in calves with a total artificial heart up to six months. PMID- 716063 TI - Bias-cut artificial blood vessel. AB - Bias-cut grafts tend to return to their original porosity in the process of scar contraction. It is possible to maintain biological porosity close to the original porosity, which resists scar contraction. Development of a bias-knitting machine presents a problem in clinical application. PMID- 716064 TI - Comparison of pneumatic and electrically powered total artificial hearts in vivo. PMID- 716065 TI - A new portable driving unit for implantable blood pumps. PMID- 716066 TI - Fatigue problems in artificial blood pumps. PMID- 716067 TI - Vascular compliance studies in awake total artificial heart implanted calves. PMID- 716068 TI - A new automated analytical method for gaunidino compounds and their cerebrospinal fluid levels in uremia. PMID- 716069 TI - Clinical application of paracorporeal uni- and biventricular artificial heart. PMID- 716070 TI - Rotating disk membrane oxygenator based on transmembrane catalysis of hydrogen peroxide. AB - 1) Oxygen transfer in the catalyst membrane oxygenator is not limited by diffusion through the blood-membrane boundary layer. Instead, oxygen transfer occurs at a rate independent of blood flow conditions and is evenly distributed over the membrane surface. Shear-induced mixing combined with high boundary O2 layer gradients are the mechanisms of transfer. 2) The rotating disk design provides very high level oxygen transfer. However, H2O2 concentration, blood flow rate, and disk rotation rate must be adjusted so that excess O2 supersaturation in the blood-membrane boundary does not lead to significant bubble formation. 3) The catalyst membranes used in the hemodialysis-based oxygenator have been industrially produced. 4) Effective CO2 transfer can be carried out across a hemodialysis type of membrane as previously reported. 5) The catalyst membrane oxygenator as studied in the dog performs well for 3-5 hrs, at which time inhibition of the catalyst leads to H2O2 breakthrough which causes methemoglobin formation. The mechanisms of catalyst inhibition and ways for its prevention are under study. 6) The catalyst membrane oxygenator offers the advantages of simultaneous artificial kidney treatment. This feature may be of help in maintaining acid-base balance and treating edema states. PMID- 716071 TI - Medical extracorporeal circulation supporting experimental pulmonary lavage. PMID- 716072 TI - Effects of filler-free silicone rubber on platelets during bovine extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PMID- 716073 TI - The effect of blood flow rate and circuit surface area on platelet loss during extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 716074 TI - Improved hemocompatibility in open heart surgery. PMID- 716075 TI - Fluid removal during hemodialysis: which method? PMID- 716076 TI - In vitro evaluation and clinical application of membrane dialyzers as pure ultrafilters. PMID- 716077 TI - Successful application of sequential hemofiltration followed by diffusion dialysis with standard dialysis equipment. PMID- 716078 TI - Hemodynamic studies in chronic hemodialysis patients with hemofiltration/ultrafiltration. PMID- 716079 TI - Reactions of blood pressure and body spaces to hemofiltration treatment. PMID- 716080 TI - Restricted flow bovine graft arteriovenous fistulas. PMID- 716081 TI - Importance of immediate postoperative arteriography in evaluation of arterial graft patency rates. PMID- 716082 TI - Subcutaneous arteriovenous dialysis fistulas in pediatric patients. PMID- 716083 TI - Hemoperfusion in the treatment of amitriptyline intoxication. PMID- 716084 TI - Azotemic serum factors inhibiting organic anion transport. PMID- 716085 TI - Dialysis thrombocytopenia: parallel plate vs hollow fiber dialyzers. PMID- 716086 TI - Hemolysis and anemia in anti-N-like antibody positive hemodialysis patients. PMID- 716087 TI - Cardiac and vascular effects of infused sodium acetate in dogs. PMID- 716088 TI - Inhibited platelet adhesion and irreversible thrombus formation under high shear conditions. PMID- 716089 TI - Transient in vivo thrombus deposition onto polymeric biomaterials: role of plasma fibronectin. PMID- 716090 TI - The effect of releasing heparin from the heparinized hydrophilic polymer (HRSD) on the process of thrombus formation. PMID- 716091 TI - Clinical extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 716092 TI - Toxicity of materials and medications used in dialysis. PMID- 716094 TI - Blood-surface interactions: recognized factors and unsettled questions. PMID- 716093 TI - Development of compact thermal and electrical energy converters left heart assist systems. AB - The thermal converter for left heart assist systems consists of an engine which converts thermal energy to a flow of pressurized helium and a helium powered actuator/controller which powers and controls a PVAD pusher plate blood pump. The 0.43 L, 0.94 kg engine requires 20 watts of thermal input. In vitro and in vivo testing have demonstrated that the system synchronizes and provides left ventricle relief from 60 to 150 beats/min. The concepts potential for long life is based on: the inert environment for all internal components; the hermetic sealing capability resulting from a linear magnetic coupling blood pump drive; fluid control; and titanium external metal surfaces. Endurance testing has demonstrated that the converter shows promise of providing a high reliability 10 yr life. Many wear and fatigue sensitive components have demonstrated the 10 yr capability during accelerated life testing. PMID- 716095 TI - Workshop on circulatory access. PMID- 716096 TI - Mechanical circulatory support: evolving perspectives. AB - Mechanical circulatory support of the failing circulation is an emerging discipline. Prototype circulatory support services have been established in a few institutions but are spreading15. Intra-aortic balloon pumping, developmental only a decade ago, is now widespread. Pneumatically-actuated intra and extracorporeal left ventricular assist devices, federally-approved for clinical trials only 2 yrs ago, show encouraging early results. Efforts in West Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Russia and Japan are underway and a spirit of cooperation exists. There is a need to clarify and quantitate indications and timing for deployment, prior to the onset of multiple organ failure. Electrically and nuclear-activated LVAD's16--18 are being developed. Clarification of projected patient populations are needed and the role of the right heart in left ventricular assist device function requires further investigation. There is a need to define a reasonable clinical role for the much discussed and rather elusive total artificial heart. Many problems remain with actuation, energy conversion, percutaneous leads, compliance devices and biomaterials. The challenges are many and welcomed. PMID- 716097 TI - Hemofiltration. PMID- 716098 TI - Prolonged extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 716099 TI - A prosthetic myocardium: hemodynamic results with a new tilting-arm model. PMID- 716100 TI - Use of a centrifugal pump for temporary left ventricular assist system. PMID- 716101 TI - An implantable permanent left ventricular assist system for man. AB - A new implantable, electrically powered LV AS suitable for long-term use in man has been designed and is under development. The system is based on the well developed high-efficiency pulsed solenoid technology and a careful a priori systems approach to integration of the energy converter with a suitable blood pump. A novel dual pusher-plate sac-type blood pump with significant advantages in hemodynamics, antithrombogenicity and durability has been designed. The complementary energy converter, a pivoted-armature dual-gap solenoid, addresses weaknesses in previous designs while retaining all the good features of its forerunners and provides for the first time a truly integrated implantable circulatory assist system for man. PMID- 716102 TI - [Treatment of acute otogenic neuritis of the facial nerve]. PMID- 716103 TI - [Comparative data on a study of sound lateralization in peripheral impairments of the acoustic analyzer]. PMID- 716104 TI - [Plastic restoration of the patency of the ostium tympanicum of the auditory tube]. PMID- 716105 TI - [Method and results of the conservative treatment of chronic suppurative nonmarginal mesotympanitis]. PMID- 716106 TI - [Radioisotope scanning in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 716107 TI - [Radiation lesions of the laryngeal mucosa operated on for cancer]. PMID- 716108 TI - [Osteomas of the paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 716109 TI - [Treatment of chronic ethmoiditis by the administration of drugs into the cells of ethmoid labyrinth]. PMID- 716111 TI - [Sanative hearing-preserving operations on the middle ear]. PMID- 716110 TI - [Peacetime injuries to the ENT organs]. PMID- 716112 TI - ["Acute abdomen" as a rare symptom of a rhinogenic intracranial complication]. PMID- 716113 TI - [Case of an aberrant thyroid gland in the peripharyngeal space]. PMID- 716114 TI - [Rhinogenic brain abscess ending in the patient's recovery]. PMID- 716115 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma and squamous cell cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 716116 TI - [Cases of epidemic meningitis proceeding as otogenic meningitis]. PMID- 716117 TI - [Case of mucoviscidosis and recurrent nasal polyposis]. PMID- 716118 TI - [Emphysema of the floor of the mouth after a tonsillectomy]. PMID- 716120 TI - [Method of preventing secondary hemorrhage from the carotid arteries during operations on the neck]. PMID- 716119 TI - [Pathogenetic justification of organ-preserving operations and their role in improving the effectiveness of the comprehensive treatment of renal tuberculosis]. AB - Some experimental data concerning the pathogenesis of tuberculous injury to the kidneys have been obtained from a complex study of the microcirculatory blood bed on a model of tuberculosis of the kidneys in 112 rabbits. Clinical investigations and clinico-experimental correlations have provided pathogenetic grounds for a surgical method of the treatment of tuberculosis of the kidneys complicated with strictures or the ureter. The pathogenetic association of the main tuberculous focus in the renal parenchyma with the tuberculous injury to the ureter and perivascular expansion of specific infection has been pointed to. The effectiveness of pathogenetically grounded surgical intervention has been proved in 52 patients followed-up from 1.5 to 7 years. PMID- 716121 TI - [Postoperative treatment of abdominal injury victims]. AB - Among other procedures of a complex intense therapy applied upon 265 abdominal trauma cases the authors have included an early peritoneal perfusion and longlasting peridural blockade. The results evidence a high prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness of the suggested methods PMID- 716122 TI - [Retroperitoneal injuries of the duodenum]. AB - 8 observations over a closed trauma of the retroperitoneal portion of the duodenum are presented; 3 patients out of them sustained combined traumas. Only in 2 cases the rupture of the peritoneal portion of the duodenum was suspected before operation. In 4 patients the diagnosis was established in time of laparotomy, in 2 cases the rupture was recognized at the repeated laparotomy. As a rule each operation terminated in a drainage of the retroperitoneal space through the lumbar region. PMID- 716123 TI - [Relationship of functional liver disorders in burn disease to the treatment methods]. AB - The dynamics of liver function in 243 cases with deep burns was studied by means of a set of biochemical tests: determination of blood plasma proteins and protein fractions, residual nitrogen, bilirubin, sugar, lipides, activity of liver organospecific enzymes, sedimentation reactions and Quick-Pytel' test. The obtained findings showed disorders of all types of hepatic metabolism which was manifested through alterations of the indices of liver function tests. An intense transfusion therapy of burn shock and acute toxemia using the method of hemodilution, together with an early necrectomy and autodermoplasty were found to be effective means of preventing and treatment of liver functional disorders. PMID- 716124 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in bone fractures of the lower extremities in the middle-aged and elderly]. AB - A dynamic electrocardiographic study and determination of main hemodynamic indices were carried out in 138 patients aged from 50 to 92 with fractures of various localization. In response to the trauma the hemodynamic indices changed considerably. A positive dynamics of revealed disorders was found only in a small number of patients in response to a complex therapy. PMID- 716125 TI - [Rupture of the intima as a cause of acute arterial obstruction]. PMID- 716126 TI - [Reparative operation in rupture of the left main bronchus]. PMID- 716127 TI - [Bilateral heart wound]. PMID- 716128 TI - [2 cases of intestinal perforation from fish bones]. PMID- 716129 TI - [Clinical morphological aspects of adenogenic cancer of the esophagus]. AB - From the authors' data adenogenic cancer of the esophagus was found in 11 out of 90 patients who were subjected to intrathoracic extirpation of the esophagus in Dobromyslov-Torek method. The macroscopic pattern of glandular cancers of the esophagus characterized by a diffuse-infiltrative growth with the involvement of all the layers of the wall and ulceration of the mucous membrane is described. PMID- 716130 TI - [Combined injury of the major vessels]. PMID- 716131 TI - [Autologous blood transfusions and the blood coagulating system in the surgical treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 716133 TI - [Ligation of the splenic artery in the comprehensive surgical treatment of liver cirrhosis]. AB - Data concerning an attempt to perform the ligation of the splenic artery in 46 liver cirrhosis cases are described. In 10 of them the ligation failed, which made the authors study the indications and contraindications to this procedure. These problems are considered in relation with various forms of the disease and variants of pathological changes in the spleen. PMID- 716132 TI - [Phagocytic activity of the leukocytes in congenital heart defects before and after an operation under artificial circulation]. AB - The authors confirm a well-known statement concerning a direct correlation between phagocytic activity of neutrophiles and the degree of oxygenation of an organism. According to their findings the percentage of phagocytic neutrophiles and absorbing activity of phagocytes is cases with a "blue type" heart disease is significantly lower than in patients with moderate hypoxemia. The development of an infectious process has been proved to occur in patients with a low immunoreactivity against the background of a further decrease of natural immune protection factors of an organism. PMID- 716134 TI - [Filling of the bone cavities in treating chronic osteomyelitis (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 716135 TI - [Modified method for catheterization of the umbilical vein]. AB - A modified method of catheterization of the umbilical vein differs from other methods, for at the dismissal of the patient from the hospital the peripheral end of the polyvinylchloride catheter filled with maiodil is sealed and inserted under the skin, which permits to keep the catheter in the umbilical vein for several years, taking out its end periodically from under the skin for introduction of necesary drugs in case of cancer and liver cirrhosis. The catheter does not cause any discomfort and prevents the umbilical vein and surrounding tissues against infection. The suggested method has been applied in 64 patients without any related complications. PMID- 716136 TI - [Treatment of large and huge ventral hernias in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 716137 TI - [Results of treating strangulated external abdominal hernias]. AB - The analysis of 423 case records of the patients operated upon for incarcerated external abdominal hernia within the 10 years' period (1966--1975) has been carried out. The patients are classified with the reference to the severity of the disease, duration of incarceration, diagnostic errors, clinical course, hospitalization period, type of a surgical intervention, outcome of the treatment and complications. PMID- 716138 TI - [Ileoscopy]. AB - The analysis of 540 ileoscopy findings from the material including more than 4000 colonoscopies in various pathological conditions of the great bowel is presented. The possibilities for an examination of the small bowel by means of various types of colonoscopes are compared and the most videly and frequently used techniques are described. PMID- 716139 TI - [Pressing problems in the surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. AB - Data on late results of stomach resection carried out upon 505 patients for peptic and duodenal ulcer with the follow-up from 4 to 24 years are presented. Improvement has occurred in 96.4% of the patients, which proves that the stomach resection should be considered as an operation of choice in complicated forms of peptic ulcer. PMID- 716140 TI - [State of the homeostatic constants in suppurative lung diseases]. AB - 110 cases of suppurative lung diseases were examined, 78 of them were operated upon. The studies of external respiration function, total and pulmonary hemodynamics, a number of metabolic processes and of renal function were carried out. It was demonstrated that suppurative-inflammatory processes in the lungs give rise to considerable changes in some parts of homeostasis. The main factor controlling the depth of physiological and biochemical shifts in the body is the degree of intoxication which determines the predominance of metabolic disturbances. PMID- 716141 TI - [Motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in the immediate days following a gastric resection for cancer]. AB - The author used the method of abdominal phonography to study the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract after resection of the stomach for carcinoma and also to determine the degree of the effect of different stages of the operation and of its volume upon the motor function in 88 patients. Diagnostic laparotomy was carried out in 41 patients. The phonography findings showed postoperative depression of gastrointestinal motor function in the most of cases within the first days after operation. PMID- 716142 TI - [Mucoectomy in stomach surgery]. AB - Considering the stage character of the formation of the stomach polyps and various patterns of histomorphologic changes the authors suggest to use polypectomy together with mucousectomy. The operation was carried out upon 38 patients with stomach polyps. The technic of mucousectomy combined with bilateral trunk vagotomy for gastric and duodenal ulcer was devised in the experiments on 62 dogs. This operation was carried out upon 7 patients. PMID- 716143 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of gastrogenic tetany]. AB - The author observed 477 patients with sub- and decompensated stenosis of the pylorus of ulcer etiology; 11 out of them developed a severe complication- chloroprivic tetany which resulted from repeated abundant vomiting in emaciated patients and was followed by an acute total dehydration of the body, decrease of chlorides, oliguria and azotemia. Some problems concerning the prevention and the treatment of this severe complication of peptic ulcer are described. PMID- 716144 TI - [Aanalysis of the causes of high lethality in the surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis]. AB - A comparative analysis of postoperative lethality in acute and chronic cholecystitis, acute appendicitis and cancer of the stomach together with the results of biochemical and morphological studies of the liver are covered here. A direct correlation of postoperative lethality in cholecystitis with the presence and stage of concomitant cholangiohepatitis has been found. PMID- 716145 TI - [Internal biliary fistulae and acute intestinal cholelithic obstruction]. AB - From 1945 to 1976 the authors observed 19 patients with internal biliodigestive fistulae. 2 types of the clinical picture were noted: cholangitis phenomena and acute cholelithic ileus. In one patient only internal biliodigestive fistulae were diagnosed preoperatively. All the patients were operated upon. Some technical difficulties due to an inflammatory infiltration in the right hypochondrium tissues were noted. PMID- 716146 TI - [Lung resection in tuberculosis in diabetics]. AB - The results of surgical treatment of 201 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with diabetes mellitus (bilateral lung resection was carried out upon 8 patients) are set forth in this work. The operations were carried out in a climatic sanatorium during the compensation phase of diabetes mellitus and the stabilization of the tuberculosis process. The method of preoperative management and postoperative cure of diabetes mellitus using B-insulin together with simple insulin is described. PMID- 716147 TI - [Outcomes of the treatment of acute intestinal obstruction in the middle-aged and elderly]. AB - During 15 years (from 1959 to 1973) the author observed 753 patients operated upon for acute intestinal ileus; 161 of them aged above 60. An early diagnosis of the condition is difficult due to blurred main symptoms against the background of pronounced age changes and concomitant diseases. The most common non-blastomatous forms are the following: adhesive intestinal ileus (16.8%) and sigmoid volvulus (14.3%). Cancer of the colon with acute symptoms of intestinal ileus was noted in 23.6%. Stomach resection was carried out upon 37.9% of cases. Postoperative complications constituted 34.1% and lethality--30.4%. Elderly and senile patients usually appeal for medical aid rather late, which together with severe concomitant diseases, late surgical intervention, diagnostic and tactical errors admitted in the treatment result in a high postoperative lethality. PMID- 716148 TI - [Is an appendectomy indicated when a diagnosis of acute appendicitis is not confirmed during the operation?]. AB - In 236 out of 11,150 (1.8%) patients operated upon for acute appendicitis some other acute surgical and gynecological diseases were revealed. In this group of patients the vermiform process either seemed to be unchanged or its changes were considered to be secondary ones (reaction to an inflammation in adjacent organs). Histological study of vermiform processes proved the abscence of inflammatory alterations only in 35 cases. In the rest of patients either chronic or acute inflammatory process was found. The conclusion has been drawn that in case when diagnosis of acute appendicitis is not confirmed during operation, appendectomy does not produce any unfavourable effect upon the postoperative clinical course and outcome of the main disease and should be considered as a compulsory element of a surgical intervention. PMID- 716149 TI - [Characteristics of the microbial flora of the abdominal cavity in acute appendicitis]. AB - A special study of the character and sensitivity of microbic flora of the abdominal cavity exudate in acute appendicitis was carried out upon 192 patients. The predominance of infection caused by colibacillus (44%) and correlation between the severity of the inflammatory process and the presence of the agent in the exudate were proved. The identification of the sensitivity of the cultured microbes to the most widely used antibiotics allows to recommend a combined use of the preparations of neomycin sulfate group and synthetic penicillins for the treatment of complicated appendicitis. PMID- 716150 TI - [Surgical procedure in combined proctologic diseases]. AB - In 301 (23%) out of 1264 surgical cases with various pathologies of the rectum, pararectal and sacrococcygeal regions some combined diseases were observed. Such combinations as chronic paraproctitis (rectal fistulae) with hemorrhoids and with anal fissure are the most common ones. 176 one-stage operations and 63 double stage operations were carried out. The average period of hospitalization was 16 days after one-stage operation and 24 days after double-stage operation. The authors believe that timely diagnosing of combined pathology allows to prevent the development of possible complications and to choose the most helpful surgical tactics in every specific case. PMID- 716151 TI - [Experience in using helium laser therapy for acute anorectal thrombosis and thrombophlebitis]. AB - Clinical observation over 61 cases of acute anorectal thrombosis and thrombophlebitis was carried out. The duration of the disease ranged from some months to 35 years. The clinical observations have proved the advantages of laserotherapy over phototherapy with monochromatic incoherent red light and its high therapeutic activity in acute anorectal thrombosis and thrombophlebitis. PMID- 716152 TI - [Recanalization of the thrombus as a way for secondary blood flow restoration in a prosthetic major vein]. AB - According to the authors data a secondary restoration of the lumen of a previously obstructed prothesis approaching a half of the initial diameter of the vein is not infrequent in the plasty of the main veins of a growing organism. This restoration results from pronounced processes of the recanalization of the intraprosthetic thrombus, which are observed in the plasty of the external jugular vein and anterior vena cava. It has been found that the recanalization occurs through the formation of some longitudinal canals in the thrombus. These canals join the capillaries growing through the pores of the prothesis which transform into venous vessels with the endothelial lining, vascular apparatus and directed blood flow, PMID- 716153 TI - [Significance of the state of the celiac and mesenteric arteries in the treatment of occlusive lesions of the abdominal aorta and iliac vessels]. AB - The status of the celiac and mesenteric arteries in 124 patients with occlusive injuries to the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries has been studied by means of the antero-posterior and lateral translumbar abdominal aortography. Clinical picture and symptoms of pathological conditions with the regard to the localization of occlusion are described. Some practical recommendations are given. PMID- 716154 TI - [Problems of surgical procedure and technic in operations in Leriche's syndrome]. PMID- 716155 TI - Canine medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - An 8-year-old male Irish Terrior dog and a male St. Bernard dog each had a thyroid medullary carcinoma. The first dog was hypocalcemic before removal and with recurrence of the neoplasm. In both dogs the neoplasms were bilateral and microscopic metastases were seen only in the regional lymph nodes. Both neoplasms were characterized by a solid alveolar pattern separated by thin vascular stroma or a linear festoon-like arrangement with thick stroma. The neoplastic cells varied little and were polygonal or round with abundant pale eosinophilic and finely granular cytoplasm. There was little mitotic activity. Both carcinomas contained amyloid. Electron microscopically, the neoplastic cells had moderate nuclear pleomorphism, well developed Golgi complexes, and characteristic membrane bound electron-dense secretory granules. In some sections, the secretory granule membranes were fused to the cytoplasmic membrane and the granules were in the extracellular space. In one carcinoma there were linear fibrillar structures with an average width of 7.8 nanometers similar to that of amyloid fibrils. PMID- 716156 TI - Canine gastric adenocarcinoma. PMID- 716157 TI - The pathogenesis of Trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. I. Clinical observations and gross pathological changes. AB - Holstein calves infected with Trypanosoma congolense TREU 112 had intermittent fever, debility and a poor hair coat. At postmortem examination the most significant findings were enlargement of the liver, kidneys and spleen and increased volume of hematopoietic marrow. A group of 13 calves infected for 18 weeks had marked enlargement of lymph nodes throughout the body and hemal nodes were prominent in the sublumbar area caudal to the kidneys. Another group infected for 7 weeks had no increase in the weight of lymph nodes. Studies with 51Cr labelled autologous red cells given shortly before postmortem examination showed that the liver was the most active organ with respect to sequestration of labelled red cells. PMID- 716158 TI - Pathology of experimental Histophilus ovis infection in sheep. I. Lambs. AB - Inoculation of lambs either intravenously or intranasally with Histophilus ovis resulted in septicaemia. There was bacterial thrombosis and vasculitis in the liver, lung, kidneys and heart. These lesions were similar to those in natural cases of the disease. With intravenous inoculation of a less virulent isolate there were abscesses in the subcutaneous tissues, muscle fascia and joint bursae. PMID- 716159 TI - The goitrogenic effect of 4,4'-oxydianiline in rats and mice. AB - Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were fed diets that contained 0.03, 0.06, 0.1 and 0.2% 4,4'-oxydianiline for 13 weeks. The 0.1 to 0.2% diet caused 40 to 70% mortality in female rats. Although mice ate about 3.5 times more chemical than rats, no mice died. Alopecia, dyspnea and cyanosis in rats, and lethargy in both species occurred in the 0.1 to 0.2% groups. Goiter was found in rats that died as early as the 4th to 5th week of study in the groups given the 0.06 to 0.1% diet. At the end of the study, diffuse parenchymatous goiter was seen in all rats given the 0.06% and higher concentration diets and in most mice given the 0.2% diet. In rats, the thyroids also were heavily encapsulated and had interstitial fibrosis and vascular degeneration. There was concomitant hyperplasia of pituitary basophils in both species, but an increase of cells that secrete thyrotropin was seen in rats only. PMID- 716160 TI - Trichoepithelioma in a rabbit. PMID- 716161 TI - Primary reticulosis of the central nervous system in the dog. PMID- 716162 TI - Hydronephrosis caused by urinary lithiasis in a New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PMID- 716163 TI - Chronic ovine pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma infection. PMID- 716164 TI - Duplication of lower incisors in a guinea pig. PMID- 716165 TI - Infective arthritis of the elbow joint in horses. AB - Six horses were found to have infective arthritis of one elbow joint. The history, and presence of a small wound on the lateral aspect of the elbow suggested the condition was trauma induced. Two horses recovered following joint lavage under general anaesthesia and antibiotic therapy. The joint changes found post mortem in the others were characteristic of an infective arthritis. PMID- 716166 TI - Marek's disease tumour-specific antigen induced by the herpesvirus of turkeys in vaccinated chickens. AB - The herpesvirus of turkeys, a supposedly apathogenic virus commonly used for vaccination against Marek's disease, was found to induce Marek's disease tumour specific antigens on spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes in vaccinated chickens. Herpesvirus of turkeys may be able to induce the neoplastic transformation of lymphocytes and the consequential stimulation of an anti-tumour immune response may be an important component of vaccinal immunity. PMID- 716167 TI - Treatment of experimental calf salmonellosis with amoxycillin. AB - Treatment of experimental Salmonella dublin infection in the calf with amoxycillin is described. In most animals a rapid response occurred when the drug was administered by the parenteral route. Results were moderately good when the oral route was used in calves fed solely on a milk replacer diet. In calves consuming hay and concentrates oral administration was much less efficient. PMID- 716168 TI - Antibodies to Leptospira in the sera of aborted bovine fetuses. AB - Antibodies to Leptospira serotypes were detected in sera from 15 (6.9 per cent) of 218 aborted fetuses, but were not detected in the sera from 196 non-aborted fetuses. Fourteen (6.4 per cent) sera from the aborted fetuses had antibodies to strains belonging to the Hebdomadis serogroup and 1 (0.5 per cent) had antibodies to a strain belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. These antibodies were predominantly immunoglobulin M whereas in the dams, antibodies belonged to both immunoglobulin M and G classes. PMID- 716170 TI - Twinning in lactating Friesian cows by non-surgical egg transfer. PMID- 716169 TI - Sudden death in calves associated with acute myocardial degeneration and selenium deficiency. AB - A syndrome on four dairy farms in which calves up to two months of age died suddenly during a period of excitement usually precipitated by feeding was investigated. The description given by owners was that during, or shortly after milk feeding, the calves grunted, fell and died within one minute. Post mortem examinations revealed patchy myocardial pallor but no other lesions or evidence of infectious disease. Histopathological studies revealed peracute myocardial degeneration. Biochemical examinations have shown a selenium deficiency in in contact calves and since this was corrected, no further cases have occurred. It is suggested that this is an additional manifestation of the selenium deficiency syndrome and that in certain circumstances, a deficiency of available selenium renders cardiac muscle vulnerable to stresses which induce severe peracute damage and leads to cardiac failure and sudden death. PMID- 716171 TI - Mortality in a battery laying house attributed to the presence of noxious gases from slurry. PMID- 716172 TI - The application of bioluminescence and gas liquid chromatography for the rapid diagnosis of contagious equine metritis 1977. PMID- 716173 TI - Otitis externa associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. PMID- 716174 TI - Sheep scab control with showers. PMID- 716175 TI - Disbudding kids. PMID- 716176 TI - Unusual obstruction in a cat. PMID- 716177 TI - Serum folate levels in horses, with particular reference to the English thoroughbred. AB - The assay of serum folate has been used to investigate the folate status of thoroughbreds in training to race, in-foal thoroughbred mares at stud and crossbred ponies kept permanently at grass. Throughbreds in training, with no obvious haematological or clinical abnormalities, had lower serum folate levels (mean 3.3, range 1.5 to 6.1 microgram per litre) compared with thoroughbred mares at stud (mean 10.6, range 6.4 to 15.8 microgram per litre) and crossbred ponies at grass (mean 10.9, range 7.4 to 16.6 microgram per litre. Intensive exercise, over a period of six months, significantly decreased serum folate levels (P less than 0.001) and significantly increased the levels of bilirubin (P less than 0.0001) and PCV (P less than 0.0002) in a group of 30 thoroughbred racehorses. Haptoglobin levels showed no significant changes. PMID- 716178 TI - The effect of treatment with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device on the fertility of spring calving Friesian dairy cows. PMID- 716179 TI - Acute respiratory disease in turkey poults caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica like bacteria. PMID- 716180 TI - Mandibular osteomyelitis in the rabbit. PMID- 716181 TI - Anaesthetic death in a four-and-a-half-year-old Alsation. PMID- 716182 TI - Progressive retinal degeneration in sheep in South Wales. PMID- 716183 TI - A complement fixation test for antibody to the contagious equine metritis organism. AB - A complement fixation test (CFT) based on that used for brucellosis (Brinley Morgan and others 1971) has been developed for use on the sera of horses exposed to the contagious equine metritis (CEM) organism. None of 50 single samples from horses thought to be unexposed to the CEM organism was positive to the test, although five showed inconclusive reactions. Samples were examined from 41 mares either proved to be infected or from an infected stud. Of these 21 were positive, 11 were inconclusive and nine were negative. The relationship of the CFT to reactions in the other tests used in this condition is discussed--the serum agglutination test (SAT) and antiglobulin test (AGT) (Benson and others 1978). Complement fixing antibodies appear to remain for a longer period in the infected animal, and are therefore more likely to be of use in the diagnosis of the chronic carrier state. PMID- 716184 TI - Field observations on the blood pepsinogen levels in clinically normal cows and calves and in diarrhoeic adult cattle. PMID- 716185 TI - Synchronisation of oestrus in buffaloes with cloprostenol. PMID- 716186 TI - Induced farrowing in sows. PMID- 716187 TI - Otitis externa associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. PMID- 716188 TI - Contagious equine metritis. PMID- 716189 TI - Photography in veterinary practice. PMID- 716190 TI - Exemptions from restrictions on the supply of veterinary drugs. PMID- 716191 TI - Pasteurella multocida infection of broiler chickens. PMID- 716193 TI - Warble hosts. PMID- 716192 TI - A case of clinical mastitis due to Pasteurella multocida. PMID- 716194 TI - Disbudding kids. PMID- 716195 TI - [X-ray picture of pulmonary thromboembolism in the early period after an operation on the lungs]. PMID- 716196 TI - [Primary lung cancer and secondary pneumonias]. PMID- 716197 TI - [Dynamics of the x-ray changes and of the indices of external respiratory function in acute parenchymatous pneumonias]. PMID- 716198 TI - [Present-day status and ways for the improvement of fluorography]. PMID- 716199 TI - [Roentgenkymography of pulmonary respiration in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 716201 TI - [X-ray detection of a small amount of fluid in the pleural cavity]. PMID- 716200 TI - [X-ray and morphological parallels in acquired bronchiectasis]. PMID- 716202 TI - [Assessment of the contraction synergy of the left ventricle during the ejection period]. PMID- 716203 TI - [Importance of x-ray tonometric indices for the precise diagnosis of mitral heart defect]. PMID- 716204 TI - [Method for facilitating the interpretation of ventriculograms of the left ventricle]. PMID- 716205 TI - [X-ray study of the heart in hypertension with accompanying obesity]. PMID- 716206 TI - [X-ray changes in the cardiovascular system in acromegaly]. PMID- 716207 TI - [Use of stereoroentgenogrammetry in the diagnosis of venous diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 716208 TI - [Training of postgraduates and clinical interns in roentgenology]. PMID- 716209 TI - [Our retorts to the article of F.M. Zaretskaia (Vestnik Rentgenologii i Radiologii Journal No. 1, 1978)]. PMID- 716210 TI - [Case of angiofollicular hyperplasia of a peribronchial lymph node]. PMID- 716212 TI - [Change in pulmonary ventilation from the aspect of age in men]. PMID- 716211 TI - [X-ray changes in the lungs in Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 716213 TI - [Pulmonary-abdominal porocephaliasis]. PMID- 716215 TI - Transcription of viral sequences in cells transformed by adenovirus Type 5. PMID- 716214 TI - [Case of acute myocardial infarct complicated by pericarditis]. PMID- 716216 TI - A possible partial heterozygote of an influenza A virus. PMID- 716217 TI - Bunyamwera virus. II. The generation and nature of defective interfering particles. PMID- 716218 TI - The nature of the polypeptide encoded by each of the 10 double-stranded RNA segments of reovirus type 3. PMID- 716219 TI - Genetics of reovirus: identification of the ds RNA segments encoding the polypeptides of the mu and sigma size classes. PMID- 716220 TI - Genetic relatedness between the new 1977 epidemic strains (H1N1) of influenza and human influenza strains isolated between 1947 and 1957 (H1N1). PMID- 716221 TI - Repression and immunity in Salmonella phages P22 and L: phage L lacks a functional secondary immunity system. PMID- 716222 TI - Isolation and mapping of replication-deficient, temperature-sensitive mutants of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. PMID- 716223 TI - Subclasses of ribonucleoproteins in influenza virus-infected cells. PMID- 716224 TI - Nonsense suppressor mutants of bacteriophage BF23. PMID- 716226 TI - The kinetics of papaya mosaic virus assembly. PMID- 716225 TI - Clustering of transfer RNA genes in bacteriophage BF23. PMID- 716227 TI - The initiation of papaya mosaic virus assembly. PMID- 716228 TI - Synthesis of a structural adenovirus polypeptide in the absence of viral DNA replication. PMID- 716229 TI - The artifact of retinoscopy. PMID- 716230 TI - Twin-flash response as a function of flash diameter. PMID- 716231 TI - Metacontrast as a function of the spatial frequency composition of the target and mask. PMID- 716232 TI - Visual pigments and colour vision in a nocturnal bird, Strix aluco (tawny owl). PMID- 716233 TI - Light-adapted spectral sensitivity of the goldfish: a reflex measure. PMID- 716234 TI - Absolute visual sensitivity of the goldfish. PMID- 716235 TI - Wavelength discrimination by the goldfish near absolute visual threshold. PMID- 716236 TI - The effect of luminance on human smooth pursuit of perifoveal and foveal targets. PMID- 716237 TI - How presaccadic gratings modify postsaccadic modulation transfer function. PMID- 716238 TI - Stereoscopic contours induce optokinetic nystagmus. PMID- 716239 TI - Contrast sensitivity during saccadic eye movements. PMID- 716240 TI - Binocular interactions during establishment of McCollough effects. PMID- 716241 TI - Effects of target size and eccentricity on visual detection and resolution. PMID- 716242 TI - Complete adaptation to patterned stimuli: a necessary and sufficient condition for Weber's law for contrast. PMID- 716243 TI - [Electroretinography of epigean and cavernicolous Opilions]. PMID- 716244 TI - Visual acuity in human infants assessed with stationary stripes and phase alternated checkerboards. PMID- 716245 TI - A facilitation effect in orientation discrimination. PMID- 716246 TI - Electrophysiological classification of X- and Y-cells in the cats lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 716247 TI - Congenital anomalies and birth injuries among live births: United States, 1973- 74. PMID- 716248 TI - [Colonic diverticulosis]. PMID- 716250 TI - [Relationship between diabetes mellitus and gout]. PMID- 716249 TI - [Amylase and lipase activities in the intraluminar and resorptive fractions in deficient external secretion of the pancreas]. PMID- 716251 TI - [Prevention and epidemiology of post-transfusion hepatitis during the past 10 years]. PMID- 716252 TI - [Idiopathic hypercalciuria--its pitfalls and therapy]. PMID- 716253 TI - [Isotope studies in idiopathic hypercalciuria]. PMID- 716254 TI - [Separation of leukocytes and blood platelets from stored blood using filtration through cellulose cotton wool]. PMID- 716255 TI - [Early exposure to dust and bronchopulmonary reactivity]. PMID- 716257 TI - [Chloroquine cardiodystrophy]. PMID- 716256 TI - [Sudden precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Description of a case]. PMID- 716259 TI - [Successful late fibrinolytic therapy in a patient with bilateral pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 716258 TI - [Problems in the management of air embolism using hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 716260 TI - [Therapeutic physical culture at its present stage]. PMID- 716261 TI - [Therapeutic physiculture in diseases of the arteries and veins]. PMID- 716262 TI - [Methods of therapeutic gymnastics for patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 716263 TI - [Therapeutic physiculture as applied to the new classification of bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 716264 TI - [Therapeutic physiculture as a means of medical rehabilitation for chronic pneumonia patients]. PMID- 716265 TI - [Therapeutic gymnastics following surgery on the abdominal organs of late middle aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 716266 TI - [Clinico-physiologic basis for using classical and segmental massage in patients with lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 716267 TI - [Character of changes in the correlation between clinical and laboratory indices in rheumatoid arthritis patients during treatment at the Pyarnu health resort]. PMID- 716268 TI - [Use of mud applications following synovectomy for experimental arthritis]. PMID- 716269 TI - [Role of the sodium-magnesium-potassium sulfate-chloride mineral waters of the Morshin health resort in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis (according to the results of clinico-biochemical, radioisotope, rheovasographic and immunologic studies)]. PMID- 716270 TI - [Effect of ultrasound on liver circulation in chronic cholecystitis patients]. PMID- 716271 TI - [Effect of ultrasonic therapy on the dynamics of riboflavin levels in peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 716272 TI - [Importance of several physical factors in the complex treatment of patients with endometriosis]. PMID- 716273 TI - [Experimental chymotrypsin electrophoresis]. PMID- 716274 TI - [Russian Balneologic Society and its role in the development of Soviet balneology]. PMID- 716275 TI - [Preventive effect of physical training during antiorthostatic hypokinesia in healthy subjects]. PMID- 716276 TI - [Tolerance of ischemic heart disease patients for treatment of concurrent diseases with decimeter waves]. PMID- 716277 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of treating humeral epicondylitis with different physical factors]. PMID- 716278 TI - [Therapeutic gymnastics in combination with balneophysicofactors in the treatment of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (annotations of methodologic recommendations)]. PMID- 716279 TI - [Plenary session of the Union Commission on Health Resort and Physiotherapeutic Problems]. PMID- 716280 TI - [Insufficiencies of the external respiratory function in children with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 716281 TI - [Ultrastructure of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in infants with toxic pneumonia]. PMID- 716282 TI - [Viremia as an index of insufficiency of antiviral immunity in children with certain chronic diseases]. PMID- 716283 TI - [Drug-induced liver diseases in children with acute leukemia]. PMID- 716285 TI - [Bronchitis in children]. PMID- 716284 TI - [Specific features of salmonellosis concominant with respiratory viral infection in children]. PMID- 716286 TI - [Clinico-morphological parallels of salmonella infections in children]. PMID- 716287 TI - [Clinical and morphological characteristics of primary staphylococcal enterocolitis in young children]. PMID- 716288 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of intestinal diseases in staphylococcal sepsis in infants]. PMID- 716289 TI - [Evaluation of efficacy of the use of coli-Proteus bacteriophage in intestinal dysbacteriosis in premature infants]. PMID- 716290 TI - [Methods of laboratory diagnosis in meningococcal infections]. PMID- 716291 TI - [Primary herpetic stomatitis in children]. PMID- 716292 TI - [Specific features of measles in vaccinated children]. PMID- 716293 TI - [Effects of prolonged nasotracheal intubation in children]. PMID- 716294 TI - [Projection of the interpleural space to the anterior thoracic wall in children under 7 years of age]. PMID- 716295 TI - [Functional status of the lymphocytes in newborn infants of women with infectious inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 716296 TI - [Peculiarities of some metabolic processes in the placenta in prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 716297 TI - [Autoimmune insufficiencies in nonspecific lung diseases in older children]. PMID- 716298 TI - [Outcome of pregnancy for the fetus in prolonged course of late toxemia]. PMID- 716299 TI - [Changes of carbohydrate-protein level in amniotic fluid during normal pregnancy]. PMID- 716300 TI - [Experience with estriol in the treatment of juvenile hemorrhages]. PMID- 716301 TI - [Importance of echography in localization and identification of the size of abdominal organs, pelvis and retroperitoneal space of the fetus]. PMID- 716302 TI - [Specific features in estrogen excretion during the 1st trimester of pregnancy following stimulation of the ovulation]. PMID- 716303 TI - [Effect of phentanyl, droperidol and seduxen on the rat uterus response to prostaglandin F2 alpha]. PMID- 716304 TI - [Pseudotuberculosis of the appendix in a 6-year-old child]. PMID- 716305 TI - [Blood potassium and sodium level in some allergic diseases in infants]. PMID- 716306 TI - [Clinical and functional study of croup in various acute respiratory viral diseases in children]. PMID- 716307 TI - [Clinical picture of pseudotuberculosis in children]. PMID- 716308 TI - [Risk of morbidity in newborn infants with respiratory infections and pneumonia]. PMID- 716309 TI - [Arterial pressure in school children at middle and high altitude]. PMID- 716310 TI - [Messenger RNA and RNP complexes of normal mouse liver cells and of hepatomas]. AB - The messenger RNA spectra of highly malignant ascites hepatoma 22A and hepatoma 48, belonging to the group of hepatomas with minimum deviations, examined by a sedimentation method in the sacchrose concentration gradient, are characterized by higher heterogenecity as compared with that of the normal liver. The nuclear RNA contents of these hepatomas differ but insignificantly. Whereas in cytoplasm of hepatoma 22A and, to a less extent, of hepatoma 48 some deviations were found in quantitative correlations between polyribosomes and messenger somatic cells (free cytosol particles) in favour of the latter. PMID- 716311 TI - [Characteristics of the cellular RNA in viral leukemia]. AB - A description is given of the differences in the fractional content of normal cell nuclear RNA and in Rauscher leukemia, which are manifested in the appearance of an accessory fraction 35 S RNA in leukemia-changed cells. The results of examining poly(A)-RNA amounts in normal splenic cells cytoplasm and nuclei, and in Rauscher leukemia are reported. The differences in the fractional content of poly(A)-RNA of normal leukemia changed cells are described. PMID- 716313 TI - [Biochemical aspects of malignant growth]. PMID- 716312 TI - [Nuclear and cytoplasmic poly A-containing RNA in normal and leukemic human leukocytes]. AB - The method of affinity chromatography on a poly(A)-cellulose column was used to study the content and radioactivity of poly(A)-rich RNAs in the nuclei and cytoplasma of lymphocytes of healthy subjects and patients suffering chronic lymphatic leukemia. It was found that in the nuclei of normal and leukemic lyphocytes the amount of polyadenylated RNAs was higher than that in cytoplasma. The content of poly(A)-rich RNAs in the normal lymphocytes nuclei was 6.7%, whereas in leukemic ones--4.3% of the total nuclear RNA, in the latter, however, the specific radioactivity of polyadenylated RNAs was 1.5 times as that in normal cells. Poly(A)-containing RNAs normally make up as much as 3.1% of the total amount of cytoplasmic RNA, while in leukemic lymphocytes--1%. The specific radioactivity of poly(A)-rich RNAs in normal and leukemic lymphocytes cytoplasma was on average 3 times higher than in other classes of RNA. PMID- 716314 TI - [Changes in the structure of Ehrlich tumor cell populations]. AB - In late stages of Ehrlich tumor development there occurs a gradual increase of the portion of cells, being in the second half of the mitotic cycle, on account of cells of the initial stages of mitosis. Simultaneously, resting cells are accumulated. The data of energy metabolism may account for these changes in the population structure. Under conditions of the glucose deficiency accompanying tumor growth the ATP deficit proves to be greater in cells of the second half of the mitotic cycle than in cells of the beginning of mitosis, thus resulting in redistribution of cells with stages of the mitotic cycle. In an old tumor the rate of DNA synthesis was shown to be lower at all stages of S-phase, while RNA synthesis was mostly activated in cells of G-period. In S- and G2 cells of an old tumor the total protein content was reduced. In G0-cells nuclei of Ehrlich tumor electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel would show protein with a molecular weight 9000 +/- 500, which was absent in proliferating cells nuclei. It was demonstrated that protein with analagous properties is contained in nuclei of 13 transplantable animal tumors. PMID- 716316 TI - [Membrane phospholipids of the rat liver endoplasmic reticulum normally and in the early stage of carcinogenesis]. AB - There were found certain changes in the total content of phospholipids as well as in the content of their separate fractions in the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum in the rat liver at early stages of carcinogenesis. In the first week under the carcinogen DENA exposure a considerable reduction of the total phospholipids content was noted in the fraction of granular endoplasmic reticulum, while in agranular reticulum during this period of embryogenesis the total content of phospholipids is not changed, but subsequently the former increases as compared with normal values. During the whole period of carcinogenesis under study changes in the phospholipid content are observed in both fractions of endoplasmic reticulum membranes, the greatest changes being noted in the fractions of lysophosphatidicholines, phosphatidilcholines, and phosphatidilinosites. PMID- 716315 TI - [Specificity of the action of the RNA released by Ehrlich carcinoma cells on the transplantability and growth of a homologous tumor]. AB - A comparative study was undertaken on the effect of different RNA preparations on the transplatability and growth of Ehrlich carcinoma. The RNA isolated from Ehrlich carcinoma ascites fluid was found to render the specific stimulating action on the transplantability and growth of a homologous tumor, while total RNA from bovine liver, tRNA from rabbit liver and synthetic polyribonucleotides show no stimulating effect. The RNA from Ehrlich carcinoma ascites fluid is formed as a result of its release from intact tumor cells, and it seems to be one of the factors responsible for the interaction between the tumor and the organism. PMID- 716317 TI - [Pancreatic enzymatic activity in the blood and urine in tumors of varying localization]. AB - Under study was the activity of proteinases and their inhibitors, amylase and lipase of the blood serum and urine in 15 healthy subjects and 40 patients with tumors of different localization, and in 8 patients subjected to surgical interventions. There was found a reliable increase of total antitryptic activity in tumors of different localization and extensive operative procedures, while an increase of proteinase activity of blood serum in gastric cancer. PMID- 716318 TI - [Tumorous origin of the hexokinase in human biological fluids]. AB - Hexokinase of the endometrium and gastric mucosa is represented by 5 isoenzymes. The "simplification" of HK isoenzyme spectrum is characteristic of cancer tissue. So, in gastric cancer there is a disappearance of the "slowest" isoenzyme, while in malignant endometrium the "fastest" one was absent. Hexokinase isoenzymes of the serum were identical to those in the tumors in question, that indicates the tumor origin of the body fluid hexokinase. The latter was not observed in normal body fluids. The isoenzymic composition of hexokinase in uterine fibromyoma did not differ from that in normal tissues. If hexokinase appeared in the serum of these patients, its isoenzymic composition was similar to that in the normal uterus. The study on the hexokinase isoenzyme composition may be a valuable adjunct in establishing the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors. PMID- 716319 TI - [Cortisol content in the blood plasma in lung cancer]. AB - Under examination were 25 patients with lung cancer. It was found that the cortisol level in blood plasma was significantly higher in the patients than in healthy subjects (in patients--20.99 mkg/100 ml +/- 1,36, in healthy subjects- 12.73 +/- 1.12, p less than 0.001). In a favourable course of the disease the cortisol level in lung cancer patients after the combined or radiotherapy was reliably reduced. An increased cortisol level in blood plasma after the treatment was followed (3--6 months later) by the appearance of metastases and the cancer process generalization. PMID- 716320 TI - [Copper content and the ceruloplasmin activity in the blood in melanoma of the skin]. AB - In comparative studies on the copper content and ceruloplasmin activity in blood of 212 patients with malignant melanoma, cancer and benign skin neoplasms, hypercupremia and an increased activity of the enzyme was revealed in 80% of patients with melanoma. Serum copper uptake in patients with non-pigmented melanoma was manifest to a greater extent. Some redistribution mechanisms are likely to underlie hypercupremia, that is especially indicated by the migration of copper from blood erythrocytes. Hypercupremia in patients with melanoma may be of a certain clinical interest as an accessory criterion for the differential diagnosis between malignant melanomas and benign skin neoplasms. PMID- 716321 TI - [Antioxidative activity of breast tissue in fibroadenoma, fibrocystic mastopathy and cancer]. AB - The data obtained indicate that AOA of a tumor and adjacent normal tissues is reasonably changed as the tumor grows. The character of these changes is analogous to the AOA changes, observed while inducing experimental tumors in animals, which evidence some common physico-chemical mechanisms of tumors occurrence and growth in animals and man. This concept may be supported by a resemblance of the response (by AOA changes) to the irradiation effect on tumor and tumor-bearer tissues, obtained both on experimental and clinical materials. The fact, that in each separate case a correlation between tumor AOA values and those of normal tissues is strictly individual (in the presence of a general tendency for the average tumor growth for each stage), seems to offer the opportunity to use the AOA test in prognosticating the radiotherapy effect for each particular case. PMID- 716322 TI - [Phenotypic changes in acetylation in tumor patients]. AB - The authors have determined the activity of N-acetyltransferase and the type of acetylation in patients with cancer of the lung (38) and gastrointestinal tract (39), and in 72 control individuals. It was found that there is a changed distribution of patients in relation to the activity of acetylation in maintaining the normal correlation of "slow" and "fast" acetylators. There was noted an increase in N-acetyltransferase activity with greater spread of the tumor process, whereas the activity decreased in radical operations and increased in palliative surgical procedures and in the presence of recurrences or metastases. PMID- 716323 TI - [Determination of the thiamine compounds in the urine for the diagnosis in polyclinics of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 716324 TI - [Role of DNAses in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 716325 TI - [Biochemical and molecular biological studies in resolving oncological problems]. PMID- 716326 TI - [Hygienic aspects of the use of smoking preparations in the manufacture of meat products]. PMID- 716328 TI - [Lipid makeup of erythrocyte membranes of varying age in body thiamine deficit in rats]. AB - The influence of different methods of simulating B1 avitaminosis on the lipids of the erythrocytes membranes was studied. The greatest changes were found to occur in alimentary B1 avitaminosis. Then, in all the age populations of erythrocytes the cholesterol content decreases, in membranes of old and young erythrocytes the amount of cardiolipine rises, while in the mature ones the sphingomyelin level goes up. In a dose of 40 mg/100 g body weight oxythiamine forces down the cholesterol content in the "shadows" of old and mature erythrocytes and brings down the amount of lecithin in young cells. In a dose of 10 mg/100 g oxythiamine lowers the cholesterol level only in the membranes of mature erythrocytes. In these conditions the total phospholipids in the red blood cells remains unchanged. PMID- 716327 TI - [Nucleic acid and protein metabolism in vitamin D and dietary protein deficiency]. AB - Protein deficiency and D-hypovitaminosis lead to marked disturbances of the RNA and protein metabolism in different organs, tissues and subcellular fractions. With a complex action of the food protein and vitamin D deficiency, changes in most organs and tissues became more intensive. The nature of the discovered shifts is largely determined by the kind of the tissue, and the degree of its metabolic activity. PMID- 716329 TI - [Effect of prolonged fasting on cathepsin and lipolytic enzymatic activities of the rat liver]. AB - In the liver of rats fasting for 2,5,8 and 11 days the activity of kathepsins A, B1, C, D, phospholipases A1, A2 and of the cholinesterase was determined. Reciprocal relations in the change of the kathepsins A and D activity was revealed, whereas the kathepsins B1 and C showed a substantial fall. Of the phospholipases A1 and A2 was characteristic a progressive decline of the activity up to the 8th day of fasting. At the terminal stage a brusque activation of phospholipases, largely of the A1 phospholipase was observed, the activity of the latter reaching 205 per cent of the control level. The cholinesterase activity was consecutively declining throughout the whole of the experiment. The data obtained bear evidence to an important role of the kathepsins A and D in the adaptation of the organism to conditions of the endogenous nutrition. PMID- 716330 TI - [Effect of thiamine deficiency in hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach]. AB - The effect of the thiamine deficiency on the H+ secretion in an isolated gastric mucosa and also on the functional properties of the mitochondria was investigated. The thiamine deficiency was called forth through introduction of oxythiamine or by exclusion of thiamine from the ration. It is shown that the thiamine deficiency in an isolated gastric mucosa of the frog produced inhibition of the H+ secretion and in the gastric mitochondria of rats--a higher activity of succinate-dehydrogenase and a diminution of the exogenous cytochrome oxidation rate. PMID- 716331 TI - [Characteristics of milk protein digestion in the early postnatal period of development]. AB - It is found that in the period of the 1st to the 20th day of life there takes place shifting of the cavitary digestion of milk proteins toward the distal part of the small intestine. The change-over from the milk to the definite alimentation is accompanied by a shift of the process of the milk proteins digestion to the proximal part of the small intestine. The jejunum chyme of the 3, 12 and 20-day old rats contains roughly equal amounts of free amino acids, whereas in the jejunum chyme of the 30-day old animals their concentration is twice as high. The results of determining the speed of the amino acids release in tests with incubation in vitro of the jejunum chyme in 3, 12 and 20-day old rats bear proof to the existence at the young age of two types of digestion, viz. of the cavitary and intracellular (and/or membranous). PMID- 716332 TI - [Retinylpalmitate and retinylacetate hydrolases in the intestinal juice of dogs secreted on an empty stomach and on the intravenous administration of protein hydrolysates]. AB - Intravenous injection of caseine hydrolysate, hydrolysin or amino-peptide to dogs was not attended by any substantial changes in the activity of retinylpalmitate- and retinyl-acetate-hydrolase in the intestinal juice, as compared to the juice secreted on an empty stomach. The mutual relation of these enzymes activity in the intestinal juice and jejunal wall was dissimilar, which testifies to their different localization in the intestinal tissues. PMID- 716333 TI - [Activity of the indicator enzymes of liver subcellular structures with the prolonged administration of Valexon]. AB - The free and unprecipitated activity of succindehydrogenase and glucose-6 phosphatase, as well as of that of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase in the rats liver was determined. The animals received for a long time (1--3 and 6 months) a new organophosphorus pesticide valexon (0.0-diethyl thiophosphoryl oxyiminophenylnitryle acetate) by mouth in doses of 31 mg/kg and 3.1 mg/kg which corresponds to 1/20 and 1/200 LD50. The earliest changes (after 1 month) include: falling activity of hexokinase and a rise in that of glucose-6-phosphatase and succindehydrogenase, pointing to the damage of microsomes and mitochondria supervenes in 1 and 6 months time after introduction, respectively. The role of an early injury of microsomes and of disturbed first stages of glucose metabolism in the mechanism of the valexon action is suggested. PMID- 716334 TI - [Experimental study of the aftereffects of feeding rats certain types of canned fish]. AB - For 3 years fish canned goods were added to the ration of rats. These additions included atlantic herring in tomato gravy ("Stavrida"), dressed sprat in tomato gravy (sprats-small-sized) or sprat in vegetable oil ("Sprat"). Rats receiving canned "small-sized sprats" or "sprats developed much more often malignant tumors of different localization than did the animals fed on "Stavrida" or control rats. Feeding of rats on the vegetable oil from "stavrida" and "sprat" cans did not have any material effect on the development of tumours. Introduction of these samples of oil together with the food or parenterally to mice did not have any substantial influence on the development in them of skin tumors, induced with benzpyrene. The canned goods under investigation, especially of the "sprat" kinds, demonstrated small amounts of benzpyrene and carcinogenic nitroso compounds. PMID- 716335 TI - [Method of isolating, identifying and quantitatively determining alkanes, cycloalkanes, monocyclic arenes and squalene in animal organs and tissues]. AB - A method for analyzing hydrocarbons in animal organs and tissues has been developed. This is made up of the following stages: decomposition of the biological material through alkaline hydrolysis; extraction of non-saponifiable lipids fraction; separation by using preparative thin-layer chromatography of the alkanes and cycloalkanes, monocylic arenes and squalene from the non-saponifiable lipids fractions; determining the content of the alkanes and cycloakanes fraction and also ascertaining the alkanes of normal and isoprenoid structure, by means of gas-liquid chromatography, and, finally, quantification of monocyclic arenes, based on the UV spectra findings. The statistical characteristics obtained through a mathematical processing of the analyses results bear evidence to a sufficient accuracy and good reproducibility of the method stages. PMID- 716336 TI - [Effect of Aronia (black chokeberry) juice on blood indices]. PMID- 716337 TI - [Nucleic acid content in food products and feeds]. PMID- 716339 TI - [Chemical makeup of crushed, cracked buckwheat groats]. PMID- 716338 TI - [State of the gas metabolism and of the water-electrolyte makeup of the organic tissues in rats on predominantly fatty nutrition]. PMID- 716340 TI - [Hyperlipemia and oxygen balance of tissues (pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease)]. PMID- 716341 TI - [Therapeutic use of vitamin U in gastroenterological practice]. PMID- 716342 TI - [Effect of treatment on the dynamics of immuno-microbiological indicators in chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 716343 TI - [Morphological changes in the skin in scleroderma in the process of treatment with unithiol]. PMID- 716344 TI - [Possibilities of using magnetophores for the control of acute and chronic pain symptoms]. PMID- 716345 TI - [Evaluation of the lesion zone in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 716346 TI - [Clinical course and inheritance of paroxysmal myoplegia in one family]. PMID- 716347 TI - [Chemical composition of drinking water and other environmental objects on the territory of Buchak biogeochemical province]. PMID- 716348 TI - [Effect of microwave radiation on the metabolism of catecholamines in the brain]. PMID- 716349 TI - [Case of late death following severe carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 716350 TI - [Clinical course and treatment of present-day typhoid]. PMID- 716351 TI - [Excretion of vanilmandelic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 716352 TI - [Blood coagulation in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs]. PMID- 716353 TI - [Effect of premedication in tooth extraction on the indicators of blood coagulation in arteriosclerotic cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 716354 TI - [Risk factors in development of transient disorders of cerebrovascular circulation in hypertension]. PMID- 716355 TI - [Decimeter wave therapy of hypertension]. PMID- 716356 TI - [Prinzmetal's angina]. PMID- 716357 TI - [Clinical evaluation of various supplementary indicators of the activity of rheumatism]. PMID- 716358 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of the heart in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 716359 TI - [Use of Soviet-made rifampicin in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 716360 TI - [Severity of pulmonary emphysema in siderosilicotuberculosis]. PMID- 716361 TI - [Mesothelioma of the mediastinal pleura]. PMID- 716362 TI - [Renal lesions after use of vaccines and sera]. PMID- 716363 TI - [Comparative histopathological changes in the kidneys in experimental uranyl induced and autoimmune nephritis]. PMID- 716364 TI - [Fluctuations in the number of the leukocytes and erythrocytes in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 716365 TI - [Role of kinins in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 716366 TI - [Value of determination of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes for differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and biliary liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 716367 TI - [Potentials of the modern pathogenetic treatment of immune glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 716368 TI - [Role of thyroid hormones in regulating erythropoiesis]. PMID- 716369 TI - [Diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction and constriction via direct cholangiography]. AB - The diagnostic potentialities in cholestasis and cholangitis could be considerably improved by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatal cholangiography (PTC) with a thin needle (0.7 mm). First ERCP was performed, enabling us to establish pathological findings in 62 per cent of the 233 examinations in the period 1975--1977. Gallstones were most often found-in 65 cases (28%). Second to be found was the suptapapillary stenosis of the bile ducts and obstruction of the bile ducts--42 cases (18% of the examined), caused by surgical interventions, tumours of the bile ducts and processes in the region of the head of the pancreas. When ERCP fails to provide sufficient data or is ineffective - PTC is performed. Correct diagnosis was made in 15 cases out of 23 examinations, in six - partial data were obtained and in two - the examination failed. PMID- 716370 TI - [Echocardiographic (EchoC) dimensions of the right cavities of the heart in right ventricular insufficiency]. AB - Seven dimensions of the right ventricle at different levels and one dimension of the right auricle at the tricuspidal valve level were determined in 414 patients with cardiac ailments without volume loading. The data obtained are confronted with the hemodynamics of the right ventricle determined via clinical investigations, right cardiac catheterization and the method of dye dilution. A considerable correlation exists between the size of the EchoC-dimensions of the right ventricle and right auricle and the values of the final diastolic pressure in the right ventricle and the mean pressure in the right auricle, being a precondition for the determination of the right ventricle function via echocardiography. Enlargement of all EchoC-dimensions of the right ventricle and right auricle is present in right ventricle insufficiency. The echocardiography dimensions of the right ventricle and right auricle show a high sensitivity (91%) in the determination of initial right-ventricle insufficiency, presenting a relatively low false positive results (13%). PMID- 716371 TI - [Electrophysiological methods of assessing myocardial hypoxia]. AB - The potentialitis of the standard electrocardiogram, precordial cartogram and spatial analysis are confronted in 38 patients with extensive anterior or anteroseptal myocardial infarction, acute phase, in order to determine the extent and propagation of the myocardial hypoxia. The determination is performed on the base of the correlation dependence as regards the creatinine-phosphokinase level in blood. The best degree of correlation dependence has the spatial analysis of the changes in the segment ST - Vmax ST sp. r=0.69, as well as the changes in the segment ST reflected in the precordial electrocardiography - nST-0.1 mv. r=0.67. Close is the degree of correlation dependence in the standard electrocardiogram - STv r=0.59. The difference in the correlation coefficients are not statistically significant, allowing their application in the routine work of the three methods. PMID- 716372 TI - [Assessment of left ventricular function in hypertension by means of phase analysis]. AB - Polygraphic records of ECG, PCG, carotissphygmogram and apexcardiogram were performed and 16 systolic and diastolic intervals were taken in 86 patients with hypertonic disease, distributed according to the stage of the disease according to Mjassnikov classification as well as in 62 subjects with intact hearts. A lengthening of asynchronous contraction was established as well as of the isovolumetric contraction, pre-blood driven period, isovolumetric relaxation and shortening of the left-ventricle time of blood driving, the ratio pre-blood driven peroid/left ventricle time of blood driving showing the most pronounced changes. Regression and correlation analysis in the comparison of those changes in the intervals with a means blood pressure in patients from the three stages of hypertonic disease, show that the best correlation is obtained in the patients from the III stage. The results obtained are discussed and a conclusion is drawn that the ratio pre-blood driven period/left ventricle time of blood driving is with the highest practical importance from the systolic and diastolic intervals in the assessment of the adequacy of the left-ventricle compensation. PMID- 716373 TI - [Excretion of free and bound catecholamines in the urine in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 716374 TI - [Proteinuria in the nephropathy of pregnancy and posttoxicosis renal lesion]. AB - Proteinuria was studied in 110 females - 28 pregnant with nephropathy of pregnancy with primary late toxicosis and 82 with past history of the disease with a residual proteinuria after childbirth. Selective type proteinuria was more often found both in pregnant women and in those with a past history of nephropathy. The relative share of the pregnant with non-selective proteinuria is considerably greater. After childbirth, in parallel with the decrease of proteinuria quantity, the non-selective one turns to selective in the majority of the cases. The quantity of the excreted proteins, in the urine, of patients with confirmed glomerular lesions, shows no tendency to decrease. The absence of dynamics in proteinuria quantity and its non-selectivity provides grounds to suspect a deeper lesion of the renal filter, retaining the involution of the morbid process and a tendency to its chronification. PMID- 716375 TI - [Aseptic bone necrosis in lupus disease]. AB - Seven cases with aseptic necrosis in lupus disseminatus are presented being 9.70 per cent of 72 patients with confirmed systemic lupus, observed in the cours of 20 years. Six cases with lupus disseminatus are concerned--acute and subacute paroxysm a course and one case with chronic skin form--discoid lupus, complicated in the course of its evolution with aseptic necrosis of the right head of the femur. The cause for detection of the bone lesions in the cases presented, was the pain, especially manifested with the necrosis localized in the supporting bones of the lower limbs. The analysis of the state of the patients with systemic lupus reveals that all cases, are severe forms of the disease with multiorgan involvement, febrile reactions and the presence of vascular phenomena--Raynaud syndrome, coronary and cerebral arteriitis. High doses of corticosteroid preparations were used in the treatment of the disease due to its lasting progress (paroxysms of 8--12 months). PMID- 716376 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation in pathological pregnancy]. PMID- 716377 TI - [Left atrial thrombi manifesting clinically as an annular thrombus]. AB - The authors present a case diagnosed while still living, as an annular thrombus in the left atrium with the presence of a "pure" mitral stenosis. At necropsy, two thrombi were found, one of them "traveling", situated very close to each other, providing conditions for a complete obstruction of the mitral opening and imitating the respective clinical picture. PMID- 716379 TI - WHO and WMO collaborate in global air pollution monitoring. PMID- 716378 TI - Control of diarrhoeal diseases: WHO's programme takes shape. PMID- 716381 TI - How trace elements in water contribute to health. PMID- 716380 TI - Chemicals and health. PMID- 716382 TI - The place of radiology in primary care. PMID- 716383 TI - ICPEMC to help protect against genetic diseases and cancer. PMID- 716384 TI - Growth charts: a tool to promote children's health. PMID- 716385 TI - The long-term future of the International Health Regulations. PMID- 716386 TI - Controlling hypertension: community care and mutual aid through neighbourhood clubs. PMID- 716387 TI - Fever of undetermined origin: role of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. AB - Roles of various infections, neoplasms and granulomatous diseases in fever of unknown origin were studied in 22 patients. Bacterial infections were responsible in seven (32 percent), herpes viruses in five (23 percent), neoplasms in four (18 percent) and granulomata in two (9 percent) cases. Patients with herpes infections had initially no clinical or routine laboratory clues to viral involvement, and were given an intensive workup for 5 to 15 days. The diagnosis was made on the basis of cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus lgM antibody titers. PMID- 716388 TI - Rheumatoid hand deformities: pathophysiology and treatment. AB - Rheumatoid disease, as it affects the hand, is a disease of the synovium lining the joints and sheaths of the tendon. The proliferating synovium destroys the articular surfaces of the joint, interferes with the gliding mechanism of the tendons and weakens the supporting ligaments of the joints. The degree and variety of deformities is multifold. Treatment of the rheumatoid hand is aimed at conservation and restoration of hand function, as well as prevention of future deformities. Rheumatologists, physical therapists and hand surgeons carry out important functions in the well-planned, integrated regimen. Surgical treatment of the rheumatoid hand deformity may alleviate pain, lessen deformity and improve function in selected cases. It should be integrated in the general medical management of a patient. Treatment of tendon ruptures includes tenorrhaphy, tendon grafting and arthrodesis in the case of mallet finger deformity. The wrist joint is improved by synovectomy and carpal tunnel release is accomplished by median nerve decompression. Metacarpal phalangeal joint deformities may be treated by synovectomy or silastic joint replacement when there is destruction of the articular joint surface, severe subluxation, or persistent painful motion. PMID- 716389 TI - Organophosphate pesticide poisoning. AB - A total of 118 workers from a 120-person grape picking crew became ill in early September 1976. Of these (108 men and 10 women), 85 received medical attention and three of the 85 were admitted to hospital. The symptoms were typical for organophosphate poisoning. Average plasma and red cell cholinesterase values for the affected workers were depressed more than 60 percent. Most were treated with atropine and some were also treated with 2-PAM (pralidoxime). The exposure to residues of the organophosphate pesticides dialifor (Torak((R))) and phosalone (Zolone((R))) occurred in one grower's vineyards near Madera, California. It appeared that workers had been allowed into recently-treated areas before the expiration of the required 30-day safety interval for dialifor, and that excessive skin exposure to residues of this pesticide had resulted. The clinical management of these cases and the occupational surveillance of the workplace became quite complex. The grower sustained significant losses of grapes during the period in which some of his vineyards were under quarantine and he had to pay substantial medical expenses as well as a fine for violating state regulations concerning the proper use of pesticides. Organophosphate pesticides decay more slowly under hot, dry weather conditions than they do when rainfall is frequent. California has imposed a number of specific safety intervals to be observed after the application of these pesticides to certain crops. If, in violation of these regulations, workers are permitted to enter fields too soon, poisoning can occur. PMID- 716390 TI - Drug fever. PMID- 716391 TI - Infective endocarditis caused by Moraxella kingae. PMID- 716392 TI - Medicine in South India. AB - A three-month sabbatical allowed a superficial overview of Indian medical history and practice. As in Western nations, cost is a major determinant of health care delivery in India; poverty and fiscal shortages, however, deny care to many. The education of Indian physicians is similar to that in Western nations and a high level of clinical competence is seen. However, physician compensation is woefully low by Western standards. India possesses its own indigenous medical systems, purported to be the oldest in the world and predating Hippocrates by several millenia. Most Indians are cared for by native practitioners whose medical techniques are intricately related to the Hindu and Islamic religions. Many of their herbal medicines have been assimilated into contemporary Western practice. Diseases unknown to us except by textbooks are commonly seen and effectively treated. On the other hand, Western diseases such as coronary arteriosclerosis are not uncommon in a land of massive overpopulation and malnutrition. The humbling aspect of this experience is the realization that medical practice dating back several millenia can be made more modern and carried out competently by contemporary physicians. A Western physician working in India finds an unparalleled variety of disease in a totally different medical-religious environment allowing him to reorganize his priorities and to rediscover himself in the world within which he lives. PMID- 716393 TI - Nails and systemic disease. AB - Important diagnostic clues may be provided by changes in the nails. Because nail findings are easily observable and yield valuable information, attention to these features is often rewarding. Some of the nail changes that may be observed in systemic disorders are reviewed. PMID- 716394 TI - [Value of intrathyroid lymphography in the diagnosis of various inflammatory thyroid diseases]. PMID- 716395 TI - [Value of autovaccines in the treatment of chronic osteitis]. PMID- 716396 TI - [Value of the serological Gravindex test in the diagnosis of a chronic form of ectopic fallopian tube pregnancy]. PMID- 716397 TI - [Ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 716398 TI - [Neuroleptanalgesia in major surgery in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 716399 TI - [Lipid pneumonia]. PMID- 716400 TI - [Secondary polycythemia and hypertension in a patient with giant congenital hydronephrosis]. PMID- 716401 TI - [Plagiocephaly]. PMID- 716402 TI - [Case of cervical pregnancy treated conservatively]. PMID- 716403 TI - [2 cases of cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 716405 TI - [Intrauterine hypoxia, blood gas levels and acid-base equilibrium in newborn infants]. PMID- 716406 TI - [Patentex-Oval--a contraceptive agent for topical use]. PMID- 716404 TI - [Delayed skin hypersensitivity to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in patients with bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 716407 TI - [Poisoning with organic phosphorus insecticides]. PMID- 716408 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation: pathogenesis, clinical aspects, treatment (selected problems)]. PMID- 716409 TI - [Mental disorders in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 716410 TI - [Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 716411 TI - [Case of kinking aorta]. PMID- 716412 TI - [Primary fallopian tube carcinoma]. PMID- 716413 TI - [Good results of treatment in a neglected case of so-called chronic tactile hallucinosis]. PMID- 716414 TI - [African peculiarities]. PMID- 716415 TI - [Effect of carbon dioxide baths on radioelectrocardiographic findings]. PMID- 716417 TI - [Artificial insemination of women (AIH and AID) as a method of treatment of various forms of sterility]. PMID- 716416 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in children]. PMID- 716418 TI - [Multiple pulmonary artery emboli in a woman in labor]. PMID- 716420 TI - [Reye's syndrome in a 5-month-old infant]. PMID- 716419 TI - [Case of cholesterol pneumonia in a child]. PMID- 716421 TI - [Developmental intestinal anomalies in the light of observed cases]. PMID- 716422 TI - [Gastric perforation during acute gastrectasia]. PMID- 716423 TI - [Meckel's diverticulitis as a cause of urinary bladder perforation]. PMID- 716424 TI - [Rare case of cystoduodenal fistula complicated by acute jejunal occlusion]. PMID- 716425 TI - [Primary amyloidosis of the bladder]. PMID- 716426 TI - [Case of intrapelvic retroperitoneal neurofibroma]. PMID- 716427 TI - [Hyperthyroidism with selective increase in the serum of triiodothyronine level (T-3 toxicosis)]. PMID- 716428 TI - [Lymphocyte response to mitogens in serum-free and serum-containing medium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - Mitogenic transformation of lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has revealed divergent results in different laboratories. Since the sera used for medium supplementation in these previous studies might have influenced the results, we investigated lymphocyte transformation in serum-free medium in 28 RA-patients and 25 controls. It was shown that a majority of patients with RA responded weakly to PHA. Comparing some of these serum-free cultures with cultures that were set in parallel in 10% ABserum, no difference between patients and controls was observed after transformation in supplemented medium. It is concluded that lymphocyte reactivity to PHA (however not to ConA and PWM) is diminished in patients with RA and that this defect--at least partially--is reversible by addition of serum. The use of parallel cultures in serum-free and serum-containing medium is recommended for evaluation of the lymphocyte mitogenic response. PMID- 716429 TI - [Multi-organ specific autoimmunity in idiopathic adrenal insufficiency: autosensitization to steroid hormone-producing cells and antigens of the anterior pituitary gland (author's transl)]. AB - Multi-organ specific autosensitization to endocrine active cells, with particular reference to steroid hormone-producing (STH) tissues and cells of the anterior pituitary, has been studied in 23 patients with idiopathic Addison's disease (IAD). Adrenal antibodies were found in 57% of the patients and antibodies reacting with StH-cells (thecal and interstitial cells of the ovarial stroma, placental syncytiotrophoblast and Leydig's interstitial cells) were detected in 22% of cases. A specific staining reaction with antigens of the anterior pituitary was obtained in 2 patients. Dense lymphocytic infiltrates were found in the anterior pituitary, adrenal and thyroid gland in one of the pituitary antibody-positive patients. In addition, dense IgG deposits were observed in some areas of adrenal tissue, which points to in vivo fixation of adrenal antibodies. On the basis of the clinical and immunological heterogeneity observed in patients with adrenal insufficiency a more precise differentiation of Addison's disease is suggested. PMID- 716430 TI - [The influence of metabolic control on chemotactic activity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - An increased incidence of infections, especially during periods of poor metabolic control is well known in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we studied polymorphonuclear chemotaxis and its dependence on the degree of diabetic control in 49 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in 46 controls. A modification of the chemotaxis assay described by Frei et al. was used as test system. The mean chemotactic activity observed in the total group of insulin-dependent diabetics did not differ from the values obtained in the controls. However, in patients with poor diabetic control and glucosuria exceeding 60 g/24h, a significantly reduced chemotactic leucoyte migration was found. These data indicate that normalization of leucotaxis can be achieved in insulin-dependent diabetes by means of adequate diabetes control. PMID- 716432 TI - [Occlusion of the central retinal artery following injection of embolizing material (author's transl)]. AB - The injection of a suspension of hydrocortisone into a keloidal scar of the nose of a 72 year-old man and of a foamy solution of hydroxypolyethoxydodecane into a little haemangioma situated above the right eyebrow of a 29 year-old woman was followed by sudden blindness of the homolateral eye in each case. This is basically explained by the involuntary injection of embolizing material into the anastomoses between the external and internal carotid arteries within the orbit. Therefore, the injection of embolizing material into the skin of the face should be avoided. PMID- 716431 TI - [Indications for neuroradiological investigations using contrast media in patients with psychiatric disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The results are presented of neuroradiological investigations using contrast media in 100 patients hospitalized in a psychiatric department. The existence of neurological disturbances or the psychoorganic syndrome, as well as the results of screening methods such as EEG and brain scan are important factors in the decision for or against the performance of cerebral angiography or pneumoencephalography. The significance of the "brain atrophy syndrome" accompanying psychotic diseases is discussed. In addition, some cases are demonstrated of organic neurological brain diseases with predominantly psychiatric features, where the diagnosis was reached on the basis of only neuroradiological methods using contrast media. PMID- 716433 TI - [Standardized protocol for radioimmunoassay evaluation and quality control (author's transl)]. AB - Of several methods for constructing a radioimmunoassay (RIA) standard curve discussed in this paper the logit-log transformation emerges as the most favourable approach. In our hands, all RIA systems analyzed so far display a linear dose-response relationship after logit-log transformation. Truncating the standard curve to its operative range between effective dose 85 and 15, linear regression analysis can also be performed with the unweighted data, thus considerably facilitating computation. A standardized concept for RIA evaluation and quality control has been developed which can be executed by a low-cost desk top calculator. A standardized protocol for RIA analyses should include the determination of total radioactivity added, the amount of both non-specifically and maximally-bound tracer hormone, 6 logarithmically-diluted standards specially prepared to cover the range between ED 85 and 15 and control samples with different levels of analyte. The RIA standard curve should be described by appropriate numerical parameters to keep a record of the intrinsic assay performance quality. Within assay variance is found on the basis of dose scatter of all unknown run in replicate, while between assay variance is based upon the observation of control sample variability. Control charts should graphically exhibit the variation of both essential assay parameters and control samples. Quality control should mainly be regarded as a means to assist in assay optimization which obviously is an important prerequisite for international standardization of RIA analyses. PMID- 716434 TI - [Sucrosuria following an oral sucrose load (author's transl)]. AB - 44 male and 103 female subjects were given an oral load of 1 g or 2 sucrose/kg body weight. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were determined in capillary blood and urine samples before and after sucrose ingestion. Sucrose was detected in the blood only in 10 cases, but was present in the urine in each subject (max. 1132 mg sucrose/100 ml). Urinary excretion of sucrose is considered to be a physiological phenomenon since none of the subjects had any metabolic disorder. PMID- 716435 TI - [Therapeutic defibrination by arwin in unstable angina pectoris combined with hyperfibrinogenaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Therapeutic defibrination by Arwin was induced in a group of nine patients suffering from unstable angina combined with hyperfibrinogenaemia and in a further six patients who developed hyperfibrinogenaemia accompanied by angina pectoris after thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase for recent myocardial infarction. In patients of the former group with unstable angina a mean pretreatment plasma fibrinogen concentration of 4.9 g/1 was lowered to 1.4 g/l over a period of four weeks, whilst in the latter group, the plasma fibrinogen was lowered from 5.7 g/l to 2.0 g/l over 10 days. In all cases a remarkable improvement in the severe anginal symptoms was achieved already at fibrinogen levels within the lower range of normal. This improvement outlasted the period of therapy in most patients. Two patients died following acute myocardial infarction; one of the patients with unstable angina died 15 months after Arwin therapy and the second patient discontinued therapy after one week and died three weeks later. PMID- 716436 TI - [Acute self-poisoning with arsenic and treatment with BAL (author's transl)]. AB - A case of attempted suicide by ingestion of 4.8 g As2O3 (more than 20 times the estimated lethal dose) is reported. Absorption of arsenic caused elevated urinary levels over 5 days BAL treatment was started within three hours after arsenic ingestion. The patient did not develop any signs of polyneuropathy or other clinical changes. PMID- 716437 TI - [Sonography in traumatic rupture of the gallbladder and liver: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - The practicability of using ultrasonography in the evaluation of traumatic rupture of the gallbladder and liver is demonstrated on the basis of a case report. The presence of a subphrenic fluid collection was detected by means of this procedure and the increase in fluid was accurately determined by regular follow-up control examinations. This report eventually led to successful operation. Sonographic postoperative follow-up control examinations showed extensive perihepatic scars in the subdiaphragmatic region. PMID- 716438 TI - [The effect of ethanol on the deformability and the rheological properties of erythrocytes (author's transl)]. AB - The rheological properties of human erythrocytes were investigated after incubation in ethanol-containing suspensions. Ethanol concentrations were adjusted to the blood ethanol level reached in severe alcohol intoxication. Red cell deformability was measured by the filterability and by viscosimetry of suspended erythrocytes. Red cell deformability becomes significantly decreased by ethanol addition to the suspending media in close connection with the increased osmolarity of the solution. The influence of these alterations on blood viscosity and microcirculation in shocked and non-shocked patients suffering from alcohol intoxication is discussed. PMID- 716440 TI - [Endoscopic-radiological diagnosis of diseases of the papilla]. PMID- 716439 TI - [Problems in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 716441 TI - [The radical perineal prostatectomy in prostatic cancer. Report on 30 cases]. PMID- 716442 TI - [Surgical therapy of traumatic intracerebral hematomas]. PMID- 716443 TI - [Clinical experiences with the Cordes oil bath]. PMID- 716444 TI - Importance of surgical technique in prevention of retained and recurrent bile duct stones. PMID- 716445 TI - Choledochoscopy and operative fluorocholangiography in the prevention of retained bile duct stones. PMID- 716446 TI - Chemical dissolution of bile duct stones. PMID- 716447 TI - Nonoperative instrument extraction of retained bile duct stones. PMID- 716448 TI - A fourteen-year experience with nonoperative instrument extraction of retained bile duct stones. PMID- 716449 TI - Transduodenal endoscopic sphincterotomy and extraction of bile duct stones. PMID- 716450 TI - Primary common bile duct stones. PMID- 716451 TI - The prevention and treatment of recurrent bile duct stones by transduodenal sphincteroplasty. PMID- 716452 TI - Prevention and treatment of recurrent bile duct stones by choledochoduodenostomy. PMID- 716453 TI - Resection for carcinoma of the superior mediastinal segment of the esophagus. PMID- 716454 TI - Results of endoscopic papillotomy: a collective experience from nine endoscopic centers in West Germany. PMID- 716455 TI - Extremity replantation. PMID- 716456 TI - Follow-up of 100 patients five to eight years after parietal cell vagotomy. PMID- 716457 TI - Clinical and experimental studies of oral 5-FU emulsion as an adjuvant to the surgical treatment of gastric cancer. PMID- 716458 TI - Follow-up results after resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 716460 TI - Lethargy as a presentation of infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 716459 TI - Disopyramide (norpace). PMID- 716461 TI - Radiation-induced carcinoma of the thyroid with severe thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 716462 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the infratentorial circulation: discussion of two cases and treatment. PMID- 716463 TI - Health & planning delivery. Part II: interview with Dr John Peters by Jon Soffer. PMID- 716464 TI - Primary and secondary prevention in cancer of the colon and rectum. PMID- 716465 TI - Evaluation and treatment of small acoustic schwannomas. PMID- 716466 TI - Ongoing program of outpatient sterilizations. PMID- 716467 TI - Neonatal hypoglycemia. PMID- 716468 TI - Planning and implementing a health promotion program. PMID- 716469 TI - Cancer epidemiology-part V. PMID- 716470 TI - Differences in the availability of d- and l-enantiomers after administration of racemic amphetamine to rats. AB - 1. Rats were treated with racemic amphetamine or separately with the single enantiomers. The two optical isomers were determined in several brain areas, in plasma and urine. 2. The concentration of d-enantiomer significantly exceeds that of the l-enantiomer in brain and plasma but not in urine, following administration of racemic amphetamine. In contrast, when the two isomers are given separately, their brain concentrations are similar. 3. Such a difference does not appear in the brain of mice treated with racemic amphetamine or in the brain of rats pre-treated with SKF 525-A, an inhibitor of amphetamine hydroxylation. 4. The possibility that the l-isomer can interfere with hydroxylation of d-amphetamine is discussed. PMID- 716471 TI - Disposition of a new alkylating agent [14C]mitoclomine (N,N-bis(2'-chloroethyl)4 amino-2-methyl-1-methoxy-naphthalene). AB - 1. The absorption, distribution and elimination of a new alkylating agent, N,N bis(2'-chloroethyl)4-amino-2-methyl-1-methoxynaphthalene (mitoclomine), labelled with 14C either in the dichloroethyl group or in the methoxy group, have been studied in mice and rats. 2. Expired 14CO2 of rats given [chloroethyl-14C[- or [methoxy-14C]mitoclomine amounted to 1.0 and 35% dose respectively, indicating that O-dealkylation occurs. 3. The part of the molecule carrying the cytotoxic group displayed a high affinity for lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen). This could explain some biological properties of this drug, especially the selective effects of mitoclomine on circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 716472 TI - Metabolism of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, its metabolites and analogues in vivo in the rat: urinary excretion pattern. AB - The metabolism and interrelationships of orally and intraperitoneally administered L-dopa, related amino acids and their metabolites have been studied 2. Amino acids were decarboxylated. N-Methyldopa formed dopamine but not epinine. D-Dopa was absorbed from the intestine and metabolized by a series of reactions which resulted in greater decarboxylation than was observed after L-dopa. Transamination was a minor pathway. 3. m-Hydroxylated phenylpyruvic acids were poorly reduced, but vanilpyruvic acid was reduced fairly readily. Lactic acids were largely unchanged. Lactic and pyruvic acids formed phenylethylamines and their metabolites. Small amounts of phenylpyruvic acids may be decarboxylated to phenylacetic acids. 4. Glycine conjugates were formed from phenylacetic acids, a partially reversible change 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was metabolized to homovanillic and m-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, especially when given orally. Little 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid was oxidized to 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid but some increase in m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid excretion was observed. 5. 2-Phenylethanol analogues were largely converted to the corresponding acids. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol was partially m-O-methylated before oxidation. 6. beta-Phenylethylamine analogues were oxidized mainly to phenylacetic acids. but a variable amount of analogous phenylethanol was also formed, especially from m-tyramine. Dopamine was O-methylated, a process not readily reversible. It was also p-dehydroxylated following oral and intraperitoneal administration but not after oral neomycin; biliary excretion of amines may be involved in this sequence of events. N-Methylated amines were oxidized less readily than the parent amine. 7. Differences in route of administration resulted in quantitative changes in degradation pathways, an effect deriving, to some extent, from p-dehydroxylation and O-methylation in the gut. PMID- 716473 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of stable L-form cells from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and of accompanying artifacts. AB - The stable L-form of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a typical protoplast type L form. Cells are surrounded by a trilamellar cytoplasmic membrane only. They grow in form of aggregations in liquid media and their diameters vary between 0.1 and 2 micrometer. Always a large portion of cells undergoes lysis. It seems to be characteristic for L-form cultures of E. rhusiopathiae that always many artifact structures are formed. The artifacts are spherical particles with diameters of 0.1 micrometer to more than 3 micrometer. They can be differentiated from L-form cells only by electron microscopy. The artifacts consist of electron dense amorphous material and their surface is irregular without a clear boundary line. Obviously, these artifacts are produced from protein components of the medium and from cytoplasmatic components of the lysing L-form cells. PMID- 716474 TI - [Iron-oxidizing rod-shaped bacteria. III. Quantitative studies of the effect of iron on growth]. PMID- 716475 TI - [Uptake of labeled zinc by Chlorella containing different amounts of zinc]. AB - Chlorella fusca was grown asynchronously for 2 weeks in media with different Zn concentrations up to 10(-3) M. Growth was optimal at 10(-5) M Zn. The Zn contents of the algae were followed by activation analysis. They increased with increasing Zn concentration in the media, and, except with the lowest Zn concentrations, with time. Further, the uptake of labelled Zn (65Zn) from 5 . 10(-6) M solution by cells of known Zn content was measured at 30 degrees C during one day in minimum and optimum conditions (dark/nitrogen or light/air, respectively). The rate of uptake showed a maximum with algae grown in a medium with 10(-5) M Zn. However, algae exposed to a lethal Zn concentration (10(-3) M) also absorbed much Zn; this anomalous uptake is ascribed to a breakdown of the cell membrane as a permeability barrier. PMID- 716476 TI - On the taxonomic position of Nocardioides albus Prauser by DNA:DNA-hybridization. PMID- 716477 TI - [Contact lenses]. PMID- 716479 TI - [Ileus of the small intestines as an early complication following appendectomy]. PMID- 716478 TI - [Aseptic femoral head necrosis in patients with gouty arthritis]. PMID- 716480 TI - [Differential diagnosis of Microsporium infections]. PMID- 716481 TI - [Predictive value of microbiological studies of human amniotic fluid for the risk of amniotic fluid infection following amniocentesis]. PMID- 716482 TI - [Indication for treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 716483 TI - [Acute intermittent porphyria--case report]. PMID- 716484 TI - [Morbidity--only a problem for the occupational physician?]. PMID- 716485 TI - [Specialty documentation in orthopedic outpatient clinics]. PMID- 716486 TI - [Problems and results of work with severely mentally retarded, physically fit children and adolescents with disorders from the clinical and educational psychological viewpoint]. PMID- 716487 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the bile ducts]. PMID- 716488 TI - [Comparative studies of blood glucose levels and urinary glucose excretion under oral antidiabetic stimulation in subjects with healthy livers and patients with liver disease and latent diabetes (according to WHO) (short scientific report)]. PMID- 716489 TI - [Surgical management of stenosis of the trachea (author's transl)]. AB - 16 cases of stenosis of the trachea treated by resection and anastomosis are reported. The essential features of the technique of anaesthesia and surgery are described. It is stressed that the best results are to be obtained from end to end anastomosis. Results are analysed according to indications. In 13 cases normal function could be restored, one case improved and two remained carriers of tracheostomy canuls. 12 further cases have undergone surgery for large retrosternal thyroids causing stenosis of the trachea. Details of indications, technique and results are analysed. PMID- 716490 TI - [Tracheobronchopathia chondro-osteoplastica (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical, roentgenological and histological findings in two cases of tracheobronchopathia chondroosteoplastica are described in detail. Characteristic features of this rare disorder are calcificated, cartilaginous and osseous deposits in superficially parts of tracheobronchial mucosa. The clinical picture and x-ray changes are not very characteristic. Final diagnosis is possible by bronchoscopy with histologic examination of bioptic material (excision from tracheobronchial mucosa). PMID- 716491 TI - [Danger of silicosis in pottery (author's transl)]. AB - The trade of pottery was practised already in antiquity. This very old art had culmination points of its artistic performance in several epochs. The ornamentation of the body of the ware by glazing came in use in Germany (Rhine Territory) in the 12th century. The raw material applied were plastic argils baking with colour, at that time just as now. After dressing with water the plastic material was shaped to the most different objects. It was done, either off-hand or by the aid of the potter's wheel. Dust is developing when the argils are crushed representing a danger to health if technical control of the dust is not made effective. Wearing respiratory protection apparatuses is sufficient in shorttime work but must be regularly checked according to our experience. In the production of earthenware relatively high concentrations of dust occur only temporarily, but in very few cases they may cause silicosis. Among the 35 cases of silicosis in potters observed by the different special services for prophylaxis and control of dust 25 developed by exposition in plants of the GDR. 8 of the 10 diseased persons with exposition in plants outside the GDR had worked as potters in Bunzau (Silesia). The danger of silicosis is by for less than in the porcelain industry; it can be prevented by keeping clean the places of employment. This low danger is proven also by the very long exposition time of 30 -40 years in average. PMID- 716492 TI - [Experimental findings after application of Kveim antigen. I. Sensibilization of guinea pigs by mycobacterium avium (author's transl)]. AB - Guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with different types of mycobacterium avium (serotypes 1, 2 and 3). 4 weeks later followed the injection of Kveim antigen into the foodpats. Beside a high rate of non-specific foreign body reactions in all groups, histological pictures resembling a positive Kveim test were found only in the group of animals which received Mycobacterium avium serotype 1. PMID- 716493 TI - [The assessment of invalidity in bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. AB - In contrast to the assessment of the vocational activity there are no fixed principles with regard to the application of defined methods of examination and the interpretation of its results. The assessment cannot be based only on the results of pulmonary function testing but has to take into consideration also the frequency and severity of the troubles, their dependence on vocational influence and their therapeutic management. The result of the function test using all given possibilities is essential. Sometimes are of decisive importance the arrangement of a mitable place of employment, the patient attitude to his disease and his vocational activities. In this paper proposals are given for a complex assessment of the physical capacity and invalidity in bronchial asthma. PMID- 716494 TI - [Suggestions for therapy with glucocorticosteroids in obstructive airways diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Glucocorticosteroids are an integrating component of complex therapy in severe obstructive airways diseases. The well known risks of this treatment may be minimized by observing the following rules: 1. Rigorous indication for long term therapy 2. Careful attention to certain concomitant diseases and contraindications 3. Control of therapy by continuous specialized supervision in a dispensaire. On the basis of modern literature and personal experience with glucocorticosteroid therapy in 1210 patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis during the years 1972 to 1977 (34.9% of all patients in this group of diagnoses) are given some recommendations for practical handling of glucocorticosteroid therapy in obstructive airways diseases. PMID- 716496 TI - [Differential effects of stress on problem solving]. PMID- 716495 TI - [Suggestions for allergological diagnostics in outpatients' departments for lung diseases and tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - In increasing number of patients suffering from bronchial asthma are being examined by outpatients' departments for lung diseases and tuberculosis. The early confirmation of an allergic genesis is of main importance for therapy and prophylaxis. Primary allergological diagnostics in outpatients' departments are therefore desirable with special emphasis on allergological anamnesis, intracutaneous allergen tests respectively prick tests. Sufficient experience of the physician especially in the evaluation of results and consecutive measures is necessary. It is recommended to confine cutaneous testing to the usual antigens of airways allergy after careful elucidation of anamnesis. Testing with professional allergens and with allergens leading to strong reactions should be restrained to certain clinical centres. In addition to the recommendations of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Immunology of GDR for allergological and clinical immunological diagnostics the presented publication gives some hints to practical handling and to the evaluation of results. PMID- 716497 TI - [Psychophysiological arousal, anxiety and the cognitive process as a moderator of an anticipated physiological anxiety reaction]. PMID- 716498 TI - [Differential reactability of electrodermal activity in aversive stimulation]. PMID- 716499 TI - [Effect of various comparison methods and various arrangements of material on the size-weight-effect in the demonstration of the Koseleff illusion]. PMID- 716500 TI - [The radiological appearances of caustic burns in the upper intestinal tract (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-nine caustic burns of the upper gastrointestinal tract were divided into early and late effects. The radiological findings were analysed and discussed. The central role of radiology proved to be indisputable, particularly for demonstration of a perforation and for the control of treatment. Endoscopy is of particular value in the diagnosis of caustic burns if the radiological findings are negative, for following treatment and for clarifying atypical late changes. PMID- 716501 TI - [Early gastric cancer in Europe--results of an enquiry 1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 716502 TI - [Precanceroses of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 716503 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of precanceroses of the stomach (proceedings)]. PMID- 716504 TI - [Which forms of chronic gastritis are to be interpreted as precanceroses? (proceedings)]. PMID- 716505 TI - [Surface carcinoma of the stomach and chronic atrophic gastritis (proceedings)]. PMID- 716506 TI - [Is Menetrier's disease a precancerosis? (proceedings)]. PMID- 716507 TI - [Gastric lymphomas and pseudolymphomas (proceedings)]. PMID- 716509 TI - [Early stomach carcinoma in Europe 1974-1977. Results of an inquiry (proceedings)]. PMID- 716508 TI - Gardener's syndrome with stomach polyposis (proceedings). PMID- 716510 TI - [New aspects of therapeutic endoscopy in the region of the pancreas and the bile duct (proceedings)]. PMID- 716511 TI - [The small caliber GIF-P-2-endoscop as a routine instrument for esophago-gastro duodenoscopy (proceedings)]. PMID- 716512 TI - [Value of endoscopic retrograde pacreatoscopy and ultrasound sonography in the diagnosis of pancreatic and liver diseases (proceedings)]. PMID- 716513 TI - [Premedication in upper fiberendoscopy with pharyngeal anesthesia and tranquilizers: report on 2 controlled, randomized studies (proceedings)]. PMID- 716515 TI - [Tetracycline induced esophageal ulcers]. PMID- 716514 TI - [Therapy and long-term prophylaxis of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine]. PMID- 716516 TI - [Chemical burns of the esophagus due to anticholinergic agents (proceedings)]. PMID- 716517 TI - [An esophageal carcinoma limited to the mucosa and submucosa (proceedings)]. PMID- 716518 TI - [Oro-pharyngo-esophageal "precanceroses" and "early" cancer--morphology of the columnar epithelium (proceedings)]. PMID- 716519 TI - [Columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus (proceedings)]. PMID- 716520 TI - Clinical endoscopic follow-up of congestive-hemorrhagic duodenum. PMID- 716521 TI - [Epithelial microcysts in the gastric mucosa (proceedings)]. PMID- 716522 TI - [Blacklight treatment of vitiligo]. PMID- 716523 TI - [Behavior of papillary capillaries in initial common psoriasis]. AB - The capillary pattern of the papillary body in early psoriatic lesions was compared with that in normal skin and in full developed psoriatic lesions. In contrast to the normal skin, dilated and occasionally tortuous capillaries were already to be seen in early lesions. Furthermore, the density of the capillary network showed a significant increase, which may have been due to neovascularisation. Our histological examination of fully developed psoriatic lesions revealed the characteristic capillary pattern. The increased capillary density is most probably caused by coiling of the capillaries; it is also possible, however, that the difference between early and advanced psoriatic lesions is due to further vascular proliferation. PMID- 716524 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant scalp angioendothelioma]. PMID- 716525 TI - [The problem of iatrogenic cancer provocation caused by the use of tar in dermatology]. PMID- 716527 TI - [The histomorphology of Lichen ruber planus (proceedings)]. PMID- 716526 TI - [Mast cell numbers in initial psoriasis vulgaris]. AB - Using sections from 10 early and five fully developed psoriatic lesions, we counted the mast cells in the papillary body. The results were evaluated statistically and compared with the findings of other researchers. The number of mast cells in the papillary body beneath the basal membrane shows a significant difference between early psoriatic lesions, fully developed psoriasis, and normal skin. Even in the very early lesion, the number of mast cells per mm3 is increased compared with the normal skin, though it is less than in fully developed lesions. PMID- 716528 TI - [Aspects of anxiety-fear differentiation]. AB - By exposition of philosophical and general psychological aspects of the differentiation of anxiety and fear an heuristic differentiation according to the following criterias becomes possible: 1. attributes of a (threatening) stimulus constellation, 2. personality specific cognitive and emotive-motivational processes, and 3. reactive rehaviour and action patterns. By means of a model which considers the functions of especially the hippocampus as well as the problems of orientation the differences are to be exemplified neuropsychologically. PMID- 716529 TI - [The "inter" and the role (conditional analysis of endogenous psychoses)]. AB - The relations of the individual to others and to the family are understood by the concepts "intersubjective" and "interfamiliar". This "inter" is always the origin of the relations of subjects. The "inter" is a reality which is of an atmospheric pneumatic nature respectively. Its creative power and its primateship for the word is clarified by a selection of examples from oriental and occidental cultures. On the other hand, the relations of the individual is determined by norms, in which the "objektive Geist" (Hegel) of a time is manifested. The individual is in this relation first of all a carrier of roles. A conditional analysis of psychotic disturbances has to proceed from a conception that the individual's psyche in both spheres, is not a "tabula rasa" (Locke), but always already conveys a selection of that which has been offered in the situation (Leibniz). Out of this result constellations of a conditional nature for the development of endogenous psychoses, exhibiting themselves in the Inter-shere and Role-sphere. These can only develop where a coherence of specific personality structures with specific situations are present. What makes such situations pathogenic, is all a specific inference of meaning from peristatic precipitations. It is this that makes a situation into what it actually is for a certain type. PMID- 716530 TI - [Social behavior and psychosis induction in manic-depressives]. AB - The social behavior of manic-depressives shows a specific structure of identity, whose consequences for the onset and course of manic-depressive psychosis are investigated. Besides in interactional conduct, group behavior, orientation in values etc. we are mainly interested in the behavior of manic-depressives in social roles. From the point of view of role theory the social behavior especially of monopolar depressives could be described as hypernomic, as it shows an extreme conformity with norms. Situations of opposing or competitive role demands, opposing norms and values therefore are very difficult for manic depressives to handle. The preponderance of their role identities results in an atrophy of ego-identity and in an increasing dependence on their social roles. This explains why not only the loss but even the endangering of their social roles may result in psychotic states that here are interpreted as crisis of identity. PMID- 716531 TI - [Criteria of heart rate response measurements in psychosomatic diagnosis]. AB - The central function of the cardiovascular system in the internal homeostasis of the human organism and in the externally directed adaptive and transformative processes explains the importance of this system in psychophysiological investigations. At the same time it is apparent, that the functional complexity leads to methodological difficulties in the analysis of stimulus-response relationships. Using heart-rate-response to acoustical stimuli a variety of factors influencing form and extent of cardiovascular responses are discussed as there permit an explanation of varying results in psychophysiological studies on this topic. Two habituation experiments with a total of 100 subjects were used to analyse the depending of heart-rate upon type and intensity of stimuli and associated systemic variations with varying states of activation. An alternative method of measurement is presented which consideres the timing of heart-rate reaction, thus avoiding to undue the temporal coherence of the components of heart-rate response. This method offers the possibility for a real-time comparison between different autonomic functions. PMID- 716532 TI - [Personality profile of asthmatics and its changes in the course of various treatment methods]. AB - Our study of 30 Asthmatics showed an increase in the neurotic triangel (MMPI Saarbrucken) and good agreement with the personality profile of neurotics with psychosomatic tendencies. To measure the effect of a 4-week- treatment-course on the personality structure of the patients, the FPI-scale was used, where only a slight change was found in the scale "Nervositat" (FPI 1 measures psychosomatic conflicts). Part of the patients who were also treated with "autogenes Training", the change was somewhat larger but not statistically significant, as compared to the group of patients without "autogenes Training". The treatment-course itself, judging only by the medical evaluations, was proved to be highly effective with statistical significance. A possible explanation for the discrepancy between the two findings could be the difference between the methods of investigation and/or the attitude of the patients to their Asthma because many of them emphasize the somatic aspect of their illness, wishing to ignore or deny a possible psychosomatic explanation. PMID- 716534 TI - [The influence of afterload on the normal and ischemic myocardium in the dog]. AB - The influence of an instantaneous increase in afterload on the hemodynamics and regional myocardial function was studied in five anesthetized dogs before and after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. By inflation of an intaaortic balloon during single ejections, an instantaneous increase in afterload was obtained. From biplane cineventriculograms, the following parameters were calculated: left ventricular volumes (EDV, ESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF). Mean circumferential fiber shortening (V CF) was calculated in three ventricular diameters in the RAO projection. Simultaneously PLV, PLVED, PAo, and LV dp/dt were obtained. In the control ventriculograms, an increased afterload (delta PLV 16.4 +/- 8 mm Hg) caused only a minor decrease of SV (2.6 +/- 2.5 ml), EF (4.2 +/- 2.4%), and V CF (0.20 circ . s -1). After coronary occlusion (delta PLV 14.5 +/- 6.7 mm Hg),the reduction of SV (5.9 +/- 2.7 ml) and EF (8.2 +/- 2.6%) was more pronounced. This was caused mainly by a significant reduction of V CF in the center of ischemia (delta V CF -93%). For the evaluation of regional myocardial function by ventriculography, the marked influence of afterload in ischemic areas must be taken into consideration. This is of special interest in comparative ventriculograms, such as those before and after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 716533 TI - [Infleunce of heart cycle length on left ventricular ejection fraction in normals and patients with coronary artery disease]. AB - The ejection fraction is a clinically valuable index of left ventricular pump function. We investigated the influence of a change in heart cycle length in normals (gr. I) and in patients with coronary artery disease without (gr. IIa) and after myocardial infarction (gr. IIb) (atrial pacing 80 and 120 min-1). In all subjects ejection time decreased by ca. 17%. There was no statistical difference between the groups. Ejection fraction (mean absolute values): gr. I (n = 7): - 3.4% (n. s.), gr. IIa (n = 8): - 8.4% (p is less than 0.01), gr. IIb (n = 12): - 6.5% (p is less than 0.01), Gr. IIa + IIb: - 7.2% (p is less than 0.001), gr. I +IIA + IIb: - 6.1% (p is less than 0.001). Compared to the control value the relative decrease for all subjects was -12.3 +/- 12.0% (n = 27). When left ventricular performance is evaluated by ejection fraction using invasive and noninvasive methods (contrast medium ventriculography, echocardiography and scintigraphy) heart cycle length has to be taken into account. The data cannot be normalized by a simple mathematical procedure. PMID- 716535 TI - [The new calcium antagonist Ro 11-1781 in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia due to atrial fibrillation]. AB - In 9 patients with tachyarrhythmia and atrial fibrillation the effect of the i.v. application of the calcium antagonist Ro 11-1781 on the av-conduction was investigated. All patients received 1 mg/kg during 2-3 minutes. A significant decrease of the ventricular rate at the end of the injection period was noted. The maximal decrease of the av-conduction of 10-32 % of the initial ventricular rate was observed 5-10 min after the injection. During 60 min the initial heart rate before application of the drug was not yet reached again. The registrations prove the inihibiting effect of Ro 11-1781 on av-conduction in atrial fibrillation, which was sufficient for therapeutic use in our cases concerning the reduction of heart rate and duration of the effect. No serious side effects were observed. PMID- 716536 TI - [Chronic intravascular hemolysis following mitral valve replacement with Bjork Shiley, Lillehei-Kaster, and Starr-Edwards prosthesis]. PMID- 716537 TI - [Antegrade catheterization of the aorta with a flow-directed balloon catheter following transseptal left atrial puncture: a new technique]. AB - The described heart catheterization technique allows the antegrade catheterization of the aorta from the left ventricle with a Swan-Ganz-flow directed catheter via the saphenous vein and subsequent puncture of the intact atrial septum. The transseptal Brockenbrough-technique is modified by the use of a long thin polythene sheath which is fitted over the transseptal left heart catheter and can be advanced over the catheter after atrial septal puncture. A Swan-Ganz-flow-directed catheter can be passed directly to the left ventricle toward the outflow tract before it enters the aorta. This technique was used successfully on 18 children. By avoiding the retrograde arterial catheter technique additional information will be obtained. PMID- 716538 TI - [Percutaneous implantation of permanent cardiac pacemakers - discussion]. PMID- 716539 TI - [Consistent use of the International System of Units in research and education]. PMID- 716540 TI - [Acylase activity of human small intestinal mucosa in malabsorption syndrome]. PMID- 716541 TI - [Determination of generalized resorption in the framework of the modified D xylose resorption test]. PMID- 716542 TI - [Ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity in experimental hemorrhagic shock in dogs]. PMID- 716543 TI - [Immobilization of cholesterol oxidase by covalent binding to sepharose 4B]. PMID- 716544 TI - [A simple centrifugation procedure with dextran gels for the preparation of urine for alanine aminopeptidase analysis]. PMID- 716545 TI - [A semi-automated method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides]. PMID- 716546 TI - [Classification of the degree of severity of hemophilia A]. PMID- 716547 TI - [Analysis of serum hexosamine]. PMID- 716548 TI - [Haury's method of urinary hydroxyproline determination]. PMID- 716549 TI - [Epidemiological study on the demonstration of precipitating antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni in agricultural workers]. AB - The authors report on the frequency (as determined by the double diffusion test according to Ouchterlony) of circulating precipitating antibodies against thermophil actinomycetes of the genus Micropolyspora faeni in 1666 blood samples from 1376 agricultural workers. These workers belonged to the main professional categories in two districts of the German Democratic Republic and were examined by members of the Research Group on Occupational Medicine in Agriculture of the Ernst Moritz Arndt University during the years 1972-1975. 290 workers were examined twice or three times in a longitudinal study. Positive serological findings were obtained from 5.1% of the subjects under investigation. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to occupational category, sex, age, and season. Nevertheless, there were marked regional differences. The results obtained show that there is no need for special medical supervision of the agricultural workers with regard to thoracic actinomycosis (farmers' lung). Further examinations are of course necessary in case of suspected or clinically manifest affection. PMID- 716550 TI - [A selective medium for the isolation of yeasts in mucosal smears]. PMID- 716551 TI - [Optimization of the analysis of free and conjugated urinary D-glucuronic acid]. PMID- 716552 TI - [Investigation of gait of patients with idiopathic scoliosis and the influence of the Milwaukee brace on gait (author's transl)]. AB - We investigated 42 juvenile patients with idiopathic scoliosist, 37 of them were provided with a Milwaukee brace and treated physically. The electromyographic activity of the musculi erectores trunci and the musculi glutaei medii were recorded during walking and standing on one leg. Simultaneously the motions of the trunc and the pelvis in the frontal plane were registered and calculated. Results without the brace: During walking the activity of the erectors trunci predominates on the convex side of the curvature of the spine. This applies as to the functional curve. The M. glutaeus medius shows an increased activity on the contralateral side of the overhang of the trunc. The priodical shifts of the trunc to the right and to the left during walking decrease with increasing activity of the M. glutaeus medius. In this way, we show the stabilizing influence of this muscle upon the statics of the spine. This should be especially considered with regard to the physical treatment of the patients. Results with the brace put on: There is only little influence of the brace upon the electrical activity of the musculi erectores trunci: we could not detect any activating ore inactivating effect of the brace. The amplitude of the periodical shifts of the trunc and the perlvis during walking is reduced by the brace. At the same time we found a greater activity of the musculi glutaei medii than with the brace taken off. We suppose that the reduced shifts of the trunc and the pelvis involved by the brace force a greater activity of the glutaeus medius. PMID- 716553 TI - [Atelectases as part of the convex-sided lungs in thoracic scoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - In 4 patients with juvenile idiopathic thoracic scoliosis an atelectasis as part of the convex-sided lungs was found. In all cases there was a small sagittal diameter of the chest; the atelectases were situated in the right lower and middle lobe and caused by the close topographical relation of large bronchi and scoliotic spine (sometimes compression of the bronchus) demonstrable by tomography, bronchoscopy and bronchography. The therapeutic approach of these atelectases is discussed. Thoracic casting either for conservative correction and treatment of scoliosis or as postoperative immobilisation after fusion was done. In all cases, it may influence the occurrence of an atelectasis. PMID- 716554 TI - ["Physiological" healing and development of coxa valga in congenital dislocation of the hip (author's transl)]. AB - At the University Orthopaedic Clinic Bonn, congenital dislocation of the hip has been treated since 1969, using the Hanausek-Apparatus. In this study the results of "physiological healing" and the development of coxa valga are compared with the results of our previous combined treatment regimen (traction in extension, followed by manual reduction, and initially fixation in the Lorenz position in plaster of Paris and then in Lange position). The term "physiological healing" is explained. The diagnosis coxa valga was made using the criteria of the DGOT working party on hip dysplasias. The problem of femoral head necroses is not considered; this has been reported previously. From this study we see a definite advantage of the functional treatment over the combined method. The "physiological healing" rate was substantially higher, and the development of coxa valga greatly reduced. The clinical results are further supported by animal studies from several authors. PMID- 716555 TI - [The effectiveness of pes anserinus transfer for old anteromedial knee instability (author's transl)]. AB - Old anteromedial instability of the knee joint causes an increased external rotation of the tibia against the femur. To actively control this tendenoy to increased external rotation, Slocum and Larson advocated the pes anserinus transfer (1968). An increase of rotatory muscle function of 39% after this transfer could be demonstrated experimentally (Noyes and Sonstegard 1973). Contrary to these reports, an increase of rotatory muscle power was rather the exception than the rule in our dynamometric examinations of 49 patients after transfer of the pes anserinus for old anteromedial instability. The reasons for the lack of clinically effective increase in muscle power are discussed. The advancement of the tendon of the semimenbranaceus muscle seems more advantageous as an alternative measure. PMID- 716556 TI - [Etiology of dislocation of the patella (author's transl)]. AB - Using a new method for measuring the distal femoral torsion (Janssen a. Prussner 1977) it is possible to determine the encreased medial torsion of the distal femur in most of the patients with dislocation of the patella. A group of patients with dislocated knee-cap was studied for this purpose. The characteristic clinical and x-ray features are listed and weighted according to their value. They throw a new light on the pathogenesis and pathomechanics of patellar luxation, and point to the need to reclassify the different types of luxations according to etiological aspects. PMID- 716557 TI - [Studies on the presence of metal traces in tissue surrounding A.O. angle plates, based on neutron activation analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Using instrumental neutron activation analysis, 11 samples of tissue in contact with A.O. angle plates and 8 samples of fascial tissue were examined for their content of trace elements, half a year to 5 1/2 years after hip joint intertrochanteric osteotomies. Significant increases in the concentrations of the elements Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Mo, all of which are contained in the A. O. steel plates (V4A steel), were found both in the contact tissue and in the tissue of the fascia lata femoris about 4--8 cm away from the angle plates, whereas the levels of concentration of elements not specific for the alloy in question, namely, Zn, Se, Rb and Cs, were normal or just subnormal. It was possible to prove by means of element correlations that the elements Cr, Co, Ni and Mo are present in constant ratios in those tissue samples which are loaded with traces of metals foreign to the body. However, only the Mo:Cr ratio corresponds to that of the angle plates. The authors considered Ni to be a useful indicator for the degree of metal loading of a tissue, since Ni will normally occur in human tissue in very low concentrations (less than or equal to 10(-6) g/g dry substance) and was identified by the authors--contrary to previous studies--even in the fascial tissue located up to 8 cm away from the contact tissue. Non-linear correlations were found between iron and the other components of the steel, reflecting the complicated regulatory mechanisms governing the presence of iron in the organism. The results of the analysis are discussed in respect of possible long-term action of the implantate components liberated by corrosion, which, in case of long-term implantates might place an overall burden of foreign ions on the body. PMID- 716558 TI - [Examination of the extension of the osseous facies lunata. A functional study (author's transl)]. AB - In 30 human acetabula the osseous facies lunata was examined and measured. It was found that the acetabular notch is inclined ventrally against the vertical line for an amount of 18,3 degrees (mean value). It was further found that the widest region of the facies lunata is not situated in the acetabular roof (which is usually visible in X-ray photographs), but about 15 degrees in front of it. The outer margin of the osseous acetabulum corresponds to a parallel of latitude of 11,5 degrees, that means that it is situated distinctly above the equator. The cornu anterius is always narrower than the cornu posterius; the similarity between the sockets examined was so great, that a division into different types did not seem to be necessary and an "average acetabulum" was calculated. The width of the facies lunata is interpreted as an equivalent for the amount of stress brought upon; now and then existing indentations of subdivisions of the joint surface are correspondingly understood as places of reduced stress. PMID- 716559 TI - [Paraplegia due to sports and bathing accidents (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of 2346 paraplegics treated in the Heidelberg University orthopaedic hospital showed that 194 of the lesions (= 8,3%) were caused by accidents during sports and bathing. Of 123 bathing accidents, 98.4% produced a lesion of the cevical part of the medulla, the site of paresis being mostly below C 5 or C 6. The predominant accident mechanism of the most frequently occurring luxation fractures was hyperextension and hyperflexion. 71 of the 194 cases (= 36,6%) were genuine sports accidents. 35 cases of tetraplegia occured preferably during gymnastics, jumping on the trampoline, and high-tower diving, whereas 36 paraplegias were due to accidents during riding, skiing and mountaineering. Flexion and compression fractures mainly concern the pelvic region of the vertebral column. Only 4 of the 194 injured patients (= 2.1%) died as a result of their accident. PMID- 716560 TI - [Results of the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip by "extentions repositioning" and "Hanausekretention" (author's transl)]. AB - Since 1969 all our patients below the age of three years, suffering from congenital luxation of the hip-joint, were treated conservatively. The "Extensions-reposition" and "Hanausekretention" were just slightly modified in providing the "Lorenzposition" by reducing the abduction. The rate of necrosis of the femoral head (4.3%) did not change significantly. In only one case we did not succeed in repositioning a completely luxated hipjoint conservatively. Children up to the age of 3 years can be treated conservatively by this method. PMID- 716562 TI - [The jeans type (author's transl)]. PMID- 716561 TI - [High tibial osteotomy for gonarthrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Tibial osteotomy proximal to the tuberosity is a successful method of treating osteoarthritis of the knee joint with a axial deformity. The clinical results of 54 osteotomies carried out between 1971 and 1975 show significant pain relief after correction of the deformity. There were only a few complications. Internal fixation by plates or other devices is superflous. A single staple is sufficient to allow early movement and weight-bearing because of the broad contact of cancellous bone at the osteotomy site. So this operation is the method of choice especially in the elderly patient with cardio-vascular disease. In the case of failure of the osteotomy other salvage procedures as well as joint replacement are still possible. PMID- 716564 TI - [Acute course of arthropathia syringomyelica. A case history contribution to the differential diagnosis of acute affection of the shoulder joint (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on own observations of a typical base, the article presents the clinical and X-ray symptoms of an acute arthropathia syringomyelica of only 3 weeks' duration. Differential diagnosis of inflammatory or tumorous processes of the shoulder joint is performed and it is pointed out that accurate diagnosis is possible despite the rare occurrence of the condition. Contrary to the opinion held by other authors, the present study seems to permit the interpretation that destruction of the joint originates from the bony joint mouse. PMID- 716563 TI - [Studies on thermoregulative performance of disabled persons with congenital maldevelopment of the limbs and acquired loss of limbs during defined physical work and passive heat load (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative studies were conducted in 20 persons without hands (amputated a long time ago) and in fifteen juveniles (12--15 years) with dysemlia (phocomelia or ectromelia), tested in each case against groups of non-disabled persons of corresponding age. All persons under examination had to perform the same, graded treadmill work under thermoconstant condition (30 degrees C, 45% rel. humidity). These tests pointed towards the existence of a particularly economic mode of thermoregulation in persons with dysmelia obviously involving adaptive processes of energy metabolism as well, whereas such adaptation does not take place--not even in the course of many years--in disabled persons with acquired loss of limbs. The persons with congenital dysmelia showed lower temperatures of the interior of the body, less sweat loss, and on the average a lower uptake of oxygen than non-disabled persons of the same age, whereas higher temperatures of the interior of the body, greater sweat loss, and a higher oxygen uptake were measured in the persons whose arms had been amputated a long time ago (ie persons without hands). Under passive heat load (40 degrees C, 30 min.) the amputated persons showed a corresponding thermoregulative performance as during physical work, in comparison to the non-disabled persons. PMID- 716565 TI - [Differential diagnosis of tumors: plasma cell osteomyelitis--Ewing's sarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - Radiographical changes of the left humerus, diaphysial, partly subcortical partly periostal suspect for Ewing's Tumor alarms the surrounding of a 15-year-old boy. By a rapid and exact examination as well as by an therapeutical punction the severe suspect of Ewing's Tumor could be eliminated. The tumore symptoms similarity of the plasmazellular Osteomyelitis is discussed. PMID- 716566 TI - [A new cast for treating florid dorsal Scheuermann's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 716567 TI - [Surgical-technical modification for the ventral displacement of the tibial tuberosity (Maquet-Bandi)]. PMID- 716568 TI - [The revised version of professional regulations. The revised version of professional regulations for German physicians]. PMID- 716569 TI - [General medicine and the new continuing education regulations]. PMID- 716570 TI - [The approbation regulations from the student's viewpoint]. PMID- 716571 TI - [Carpometacarpal arthrosis]. PMID- 716572 TI - [The heart of sportsmen]. PMID- 716573 TI - [Rehabilitation in annuity insurance (3). 3.04 Medical services for rehabilitation--3.04.1 Mode and scope of services--3.04.1.1 Hospitalization]. PMID- 716574 TI - [Bread does not equal bread, especially in a reducing diet]. PMID- 716575 TI - [Cimetidine (Tagamet). A new principle in the management of gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 716576 TI - [Occupational lung diseases. Significance, evaluation and management in general practice]. PMID- 716577 TI - [Vascular causes of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 716578 TI - [Spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 716579 TI - [Korean ginseng]. PMID- 716580 TI - [Sport and hypertension, other arterial and venous diseases]. PMID- 716581 TI - [Our early stomach cancers. Diagnosis, therapy, early and late results]. PMID- 716582 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of achalasia]. PMID- 716583 TI - [The Hemoccult test in gastroenterological practice]. PMID- 716585 TI - [Lues. How long is a man with lues an infection hazard? When may coitus be permitted?]. PMID- 716584 TI - [Differential diagnosis of diarrheas]. PMID- 716586 TI - [Sport in lung diseases and skeletal disorders]. PMID- 716587 TI - [Experience with Tagevil gel in itching dermatoses]. PMID- 716588 TI - [Functional differentiation of different portions of the the rat neocortex]. AB - The effect of uni- and bilateral ablation of rostral and caudal parts of neocortex on conditioned avoidance reflex was studied on naive and pretrained albino rats. Maximal impairment of the reflex was seen after bilateral ablation of the caudal region of neocortex, minimal one--after unilateral neocortex ablation. The rats without rostral cortex showed medium impairment. After extirpation of caudal cortex the number of positive reactions to light was greater in pretrained rats than in naive ones. After total cortical extirpation the previously elaborated conditioned reflex disappeared irreversibly. The conclusion is made on functional heterogeneity of the rostral and caudal cortex. PMID- 716589 TI - [Mechanisms causing repeated pedal pressing during self stimulation of the brain]. AB - Mono- and polymodal histograms of pauses duration were obtained in rats during self-stimulation (SS) through electrodes implanted in the lateral hypothalamus. Changes in motivational state (deprivation--satiation) did not markedly affect the histogram pattern. It is concluded that the SS drive mechanism is not connected with natural motivations. In all experiments, a high negative correlation between "optimal criterion" parameters and model pause duration is obtained. It is suggested that one and the same mechanism underlies both the SS reinforcement and drive. Reinforcement is probably connected with current excitation of reinforcing structures during stimulation, whereas the drive is caused by trace activation of the same cerebral structures after the stimulation. PMID- 716590 TI - [Alteration of the hypothalamic electrical stimulation disconnection reaction in rats during chronic morphine administration]. AB - Rats with electrodes implanted in the hypothalamus were trained to switch off the central stimulation. Animals were administered 12--30 injections of morphine in increasing doses (from 20 up to 120--180 mg/kg/injection). The drug exerted a dose-proportional suppressive effect on the escape response. During repeated injections an absolute or relative tolerance to the suppressive action developed in the responses both to central and to peripheral painful stimulation. The suppressive action seems to be specific and does not correlate with the catatonic reaction and changes in general motor activity. The activation of gnawing response was noted after the morphine injections in doses of 60 mg/kg and higher. In one of the animals the transformation of the negative effect into ambivalent one as well as self-stimulation were observed. "Antiaversive" effect is considered to be one of the determinants of morphine abuse and addiction liability. PMID- 716591 TI - [Instrumental conditioned reflexes to salt and acid stimuli in carp]. AB - In experiments on unrestrained carps, a comparative study was made of the analysis of different concentrations of NaCl and HCl (starting with threshold ones) by means of instrumental conditioned reflexes, aimed at eliminating harmful chemical stuffs from water medium. Salt concentrations, in response to which the formation of a conditioned reflex is possible (3--9 mM) are by an order higher than those for the acid (0.3--0.85 mM). The intensity and duration of manifestation of the defensive conditioned reflex depend directly on the strength (concentration) of the chemical stimulus. Cessation of motor conditioned reaction providing for restoration of the optimal conditions of the surrounding takes place when initial concentration of the stimuli in experimental reservoir is reduced to values close to threshold ones, namely to about 2 mM for NaCl and to about 0.2 mM for HCl, i.e. to a minimal concentration compatible with normal vital activity. After extirpation of the forebrain, the fish lose the capacity for active elimination from the surroundings of both salt and acid components. PMID- 716592 TI - [Evoked brain potentials and perception errors]. AB - Visual evoked potentials were studied in a psychophysical experiment based on discrimination of two phtoic flashes of different brightness. EP were summarized in accordance with the four experimental results: correct detection, misses, false alarms and correct rejection. It was found out that EP parameters are in a rather precise correspondence with the perceived brightness of stimuli. The subjective brightness depends in its turn, on two factors: intensity of stimulation and sensitivity of sensory input. Maintenance of sensitivity at a constant level provides for the precision of perception. On the contrary, the changes in sensitivity lead to errors in detection. The data obtained show that these changes may result from the shift of brain DC potential. PMID- 716593 TI - [Multiple sensory projections in the dolphin cerebral cortex]. AB - The paper presents characteristics of evoked potentials appearing in response to afferent stimuli in the dolphin visual and auditory cortical areas. Both the visual and auditory areas are divided into zones which generate evoked potentials different in form and temporal parameters. They may be regarded as multiple projection zones of the visual and auditory analysers respectively. PMID- 716594 TI - [EEG activity of symmetrical points of the cerebral cortex during unilateral cooling of the temporal neocortex in cats]. AB - A study of ten alert cats has shown that inactivation with cold of the temporal neocortex elicits a sharp drop in EEG activity in all the examined points of the homonymous hemisphere, which actually points to a temporary switching off of its function. At the same time a unilateral switching off of the temporal area brings about an increase in EEG activity of the contralateral hemisphere. Functional asymmetry sets in not only in the system of the auditory analyser, but also in other sensory systems. Systematic cold switching off of the temporal cortex in one hemisphere results in a reduced contrast in the EEG of the brain symmetrical regions. PMID- 716595 TI - [Trace processes in the neuronal activity of the rabbit cerebral cortex following rhythmic photic and electrocutaneous stimulation]. AB - Trace unit activity in the visual and sensorimotor cortical areas was studied in alert rabbits after photic and electro-cutaneous stimulation. The ability of the sensorimotor area to preserve temporal stimulation pattern in the afteraction interval was higher than that of the visual area. Maximal rhythm preservation and a higher level of distant correlation in cortical unit activity were seen after synchronous bimodal stimulation. The data obtained suggest some diversity of the mechanisms of trace and evoked activity of cortical neurones. PMID- 716596 TI - [State of cerebral neuronal nuclear chromatin during multimodal stimuli to the body]. AB - The state of nuclear DNA, revealed by the microfluorometric method, changed unequally in conditions of dissimilar afferentation in different classes of the neurones in the neocortex and the hippocampal dentate fascia. It may be assumed that the examined classes of cells (large pyramids and stellate neurones of the sensorimotor zone of the cerebral cortex and the granular cells of the dentate fascia of the hippocampus) possess a different structural functional organization of genome. This probably accounts for the peculiarities of their functioning. PMID- 716597 TI - [Conditioned evoked potential in man with nonrhythmic "reinforcement"]. PMID- 716598 TI - [Pathologic standstill motor reaction in dogs with a split corpus callosum]. PMID- 716599 TI - [Dynamics of changes in the impulse activity of visual cortex neurons during the process of elaborating and extinguishing conditioned food getting reactions to an acoustic stimulus]. PMID- 716600 TI - [Hippocampal theta-rhythm and respiratory activity]. PMID- 716601 TI - [Effect of bromine on functional interrelationships between neurons of the rabbit sensomotor cortex]. PMID- 716602 TI - [Gradual facilitation of the action potential of the somatic membrane of a completely isolated mollusk neuron]. PMID- 716603 TI - [Use of a hierarchical cluster procedure for classification of neuronal responses to elaboration of conditioned reflexes]. PMID- 716604 TI - [Physiological and genetic ways of studying the extrapolation capability of mice]. AB - Elementary reasoning--the ability of mice to extrapolate the direction of alimentary stimulus movement--was investigated in gentically different groups of animals. It was shown that mice possessing. Robertsonian translocation Rb(8,17) 11EM were superior in the extrapolation task solving than mice with normal kariotype, or mice with Robertsonian translocations of other types (RB(5, 19)1Wh, Rb(6, 15)1ALD, Rb(9, 14)6Bnr, Rb(16, 17)7bnr). Mice selected for low brain weight were superior in the extrapolation task solving than mice with high brain weight in 3--11 generations of selection. In F12--F14 this difference was absent. Mice with Robertsonian translocations and mice selected for brain weight are perspective models for physiological and genetic study of elementary reasoning. PMID- 716605 TI - [Comparative study of the extrapolation capability of cats following ablation of the caudate nucleus and prefrontal lobectomy]. PMID- 716606 TI - [Rhythmic activity of central portions of the cat visual analyzer during different forms of behavior]. AB - Synchronized EEG activity of visual cortex and some other parts of the brain was recorded in cats during milk licking. The frequency range, cortico-subcortical topography and some conditions of its appearance and blockade were analyzed. It was found, that this activity consisted of two rhythms with frequencies of 6--9 and 9--15 c/s and was strongly influenced by visual conditions. By come parameters it also differed from EEG of drowsiness and light sleep. Possible mechanisms and localization of pacemakers of this activity was discussed as well as its similarity to human alpha rhythm. PMID- 716607 TI - [Conditioned reflex leg placing reaction induced by stimulation of brain structures]. AB - The mechanogram of fore-leg movement and evoked potentials in the leg cortical motor area this as well as biceps EMG were recorded in 4 cats in chronic experiment during conditioned placing reactions, elicited by tactile stimulation of the paw tip and by electrical stimulation of several cortical and subcortical brain structures. Mean latency of the conditioned movement and its dispersion were of the same order of values during reactions caused both by tactile stimulation and by electrical stimulation of the cortical motor area. During placing reactions to the stimulation of the sensory cortex, ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus and the cerebral peduncles these values were significantly higher than in the first case. PMID- 716608 TI - [Dynamics of conditioned reflex preservation in young and adult rats]. AB - Experimental data are presented on the formation and retention during 24 hours of a motor alimentary conditioned reflex (MCR) in a T-maze, in rats 4--5 months and 1,5--2 months old. In adult rats the formation of MCR required a significantly smaller number of runs and less time, than in young ones. In young animals reflex retention is better as compared to adults. Traces of MCR change regularly throughout 24 hours in both animal groups which may be due to development of memory in several stages, in young animals this process being slower. PMID- 716610 TI - [Forward and reverse connections in the presence of a combination of indifferent stimuli]. AB - In pairing of auditory and photic stimuli, the first stimulus caused an orientation reaction typical of the second stimulus even before its action, while the "proper" reaction to the first stimulus was reduced. Difference between orientation reactions to "positive" and "differentiation" stimuli was revealed. If the "positive" stimulus evoked the orientation reaction typical of the second stimulus, and the proper reaction was weakened, then the differentiation stimulus elicited mainly the proper reaction or no orientation reaction at all. This seems to be due to the specialization of reactions of performed by means forward connection. PMID- 716609 TI - [Possible role of conformational changes in synaptic proteins in mechanisms of temporary connection formation]. AB - Possible mechanism and the role of structural changes in the proteins of synaptic membranes in the process of formation of the temporary connection is discussed on the basis of existing assumptions and experimental data. Our experimental data suggest that during learning the structural changes occur in the synaptic membrane which are due to the conformation changes in the external and the integral proteins of membranes. Low-molecular proteins of synaptoplasma may play the role of the "carriers" and connectors and at a certain stage promote a conformation changes in synaptic proteins. PMID- 716611 TI - [Conditioned motor-alimentary reflexes in cats following ablation of the body of Luys]. AB - Alimentary conditioned motor reflexes in cats were elaborated in special chambers. Subsequently, the subthalamic nucleus was damaged, first on one and then on the other side. After its unilateral destruction, temporary disturbance in the cat behaviour was observed disappearing within 2--3 weeks. Bilateral destruction of the subthalamic nucleus led to a stable disturbance in the reaction of choice of reinforcement side in conditions of uncertainty. PMID- 716613 TI - [Defensive dominant detected by an unconditioned blinking reflex]. AB - Multiple stimulation of rabbit leg with short DC pulses of both threshold and subthreshold intensities creates in corresponding areas of CNS a focus of excitation with dominant properties: summation, inertia et al. When an unconditioned reflex (blinking) was used as in agent exposing defensive dominant, it was found that summation in the dominant focus may occur without a conjugate inhibition of the subdominant center. During summation the dominant center is not uniform. Depending on the level of excitation in the dominant focus, the subdominant focus may be both in inhibitory state (no blinking in response to the subdominant stimulus) and in a state of enhanced excitation (the reflex to its proper stimulus increases). Multiple pairings of two subthreshold stimulations (of leg and eyelid) result in the establishment of a temporary connection with two-way conductivity. PMID- 716612 TI - [Neuronal organization of a focus of unconditioned excitation in the cat sensomotor cortex]. AB - The impulse activity of sensorimotor area neurones, situated near the point of its direct electrical stimulation used as a reinforcing stimulus, was studied in cats. The rearrangement of impulse activity during reflex elaboration consisted in the reduction of frequency of background activity, in changes in the character of neuronal reactivity and of the pattern of response to the signal and reinforcing stimuli. During the reflex elaboration the percentage of polymodal neurones increased. Tonic response to the conditioned sound stimulus changed into a phasic one. The inhibitory component of responses to direct electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex became more protracted. PMID- 716614 TI - [Basic patterns of aging and death in animals from the standpoint of reliability theory]. PMID- 716616 TI - [Probable distribution of codons of several amino acid series in the genomes of organisms]. PMID- 716615 TI - [Serologic methods of determining antibody heterogeneity]. PMID- 716617 TI - The resource link. PMID- 716618 TI - Nutrition education and SITE telecasts. PMID- 716619 TI - Family planning in Japan: a comparison between successful and unsuccessful couples. PMID- 716620 TI - Who health educates whom? PMID- 716621 TI - Cross-national consistency in children's beliefs about vulnerability. PMID- 716623 TI - Health education of children and young people. PMID- 716622 TI - A motivation model for preventive dental behaviour. PMID- 716624 TI - Disseminated sclerosis. PMID- 716625 TI - The effect of human serum in vitro on Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei species trypanosomes and its relationship to infectivity in the blood incubation infectivity test. AB - All attempts to identify Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei species trypanosome strains by their sensitivity or resistance to human serum in vitro have so far been unsuccessful. Wet-film examination of T.(T.) b. brucei, T. (T.)b. rhodesiense and T. (Nannomonas) congolense trypanosome strains, both before and after in vitro incubation in fresh human blood for 5 hours at 37 degrees C showed that serum-sensitivity or serum-resistance is not a constant and reproducible property of a trypanosome strain and is totally unrelated to infectivity. PMID- 716627 TI - Bacterial liver abscess--a diagnostic problem. AB - Two cases of bacterial liver abscess presented to a hospital during an 18 month period. Both involved male caucasians who had been resident in Zambia for many years. The cases are recorded with a review of the recent literature. The difficulty in diagnosis and importance of adequate surgical drainage are stressed. PMID- 716626 TI - Blood transfusion--a review of the literature. AB - The dangers of using whole blood and its disadvantages are pointed out and the place of crystalloid or colloid transfusion as an adjuvant or substitute is discussed. The use of blood fractions for treatment of anaemias and clotting disorders is stressed. This means a reduction in amount of blood used for transfusion and hence reduction in cost and morbidity due to blood transfusion. PMID- 716628 TI - Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy: report on two cases and a review of the literature. AB - Two cases of phaecochromocytoma in pregnancy are described. One case was diagnosed at autopsy and in the other case the tumour was successfully removed. The world and particularly African literature on the subject is briefly reviewed. The clinical feature diagnosis and management are discussed in the context of the reported cases. PMID- 716629 TI - A case of cryptococcoma producing tracheal obstruction during anaesthesia. AB - A case of cryptococcoma of the right upper lobe producing tracheal obstruction during anaesthesia is reported. Whilst conscious the patient breathed spontaneously with little difficulty. The reasons underlying complete tracheal obstruction during anaesthesia are discussed. PMID- 716630 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome in a Zambian woman. AB - The clinical and pathological characteristics of Goodpasture's syndrome are described and a case reported in which there were classical clinical and pathological manifestations of this condition. This is the first report of this entity in an indigenous black African. PMID- 716631 TI - Spot the diagnosis. PMID- 716632 TI - Determination of nitrite at low level without prior extraction. AB - A method has been devised for the determination of nitrite at low level that is directly applicable to food or other dried matrices without prior extraction. Nitric oxide released from nitrite through the action of acetic acid is determined using a chemiluminescence analyser. The limit of detection is approximately 0.02 microgram, the coefficients of variation being 5.7 and 8.2% using 0.1 and 0.05 microgram of sodium nitrite, respectively. The chemiluminescence analyser response is diminished when water in excess of 0.5 ml is present in the assay system unless hydrogen bromide in acetic acid is used instead of acetic acid alone. The application of the method to the direct determination of nitrite in freeze-dried cod fish has indicated a content of 0.25 mg NaNO2 per kg, equivalent to 0.050 mg per kg of the original undried material. PMID- 716633 TI - [A rapid method for the isolation and quantitative analysis of 3,4-benzpyrene [benzo(a)pyrene] in food (author's transl)]. AB - A method for the isolation and the quantitative determination of benzo(a)pyrene in food is described. The material is suspended in petroleum-ether. Benzo(a)pyrene is extracted from the organic phase as a water-soluble caffeine complex. After re-extracting and purifying by column chromatography on silica gel the quantitative evaluation of benzo(a)pyrene is carried out by thinlayer chromatography and fluorimetric scanning of the cellulose acetate plates. To test the method benzo(a)pyrene was added to several products in concentrations of 100 to 1000 ng. A recovery of about 80% was achieved. Each analysis takes a total of 5 h. PMID- 716634 TI - Evaluation of lysinoalanine determinations in food proteins. AB - A comparison is made between lysinoalanine (LAL) determinations both with an automatic amino acid analyzer (AAA) and with thin layer chromatography densitometry (TLC) in different types of food and food ingredients, taken from the Dutch market. Generally there is a reasonable agreement between the LAL content obtained by both methods. However, some results indicate that a single technique is not always conclusive about the real identity of the ninhydrin positive compound at the same position as LAL on the chromatogram. By TLC for instance, in yeast a content of about 800 mg of LAL/kg in protein is found, but according to the AAA method no LAL is present. In heated milk and milk products the LAL content determined by the TLC method is also higher than that found by the AAA method. This is caused by a preceding unknown ninhydrin-positive compound in TLC, occurring in all heated milk products and practically coinciding with LAL. In the AAA technique similar interferences of unknown ninhydrin-positive compounds could be avoided by choosing a suitable elution temperature; however, application of this temperature modification to foaming agents gave no satisfactory results. PMID- 716635 TI - Chlorohydrins in protein hydrolysates. AB - Four samples of neutral fractions of protein hydrolysates were separated by gas chromatography and the individual components were identified from the mass spectra obtained. Some of the identified compounds were not previously reported as volatile components of foodstuffs. Three of these compounds namely 3 chloropropan-1-ol, 2,3-dichloropropan-1-ol, and 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol, were toxic chlorohydrins. 1,3-Dichloropropan-2-ol was present in samples in concentrations 0.17 to 0.94 mg/kg. To check the possibilities of the formation of these chlorohydrins and to find their precursor, glycerol, and hydrochloric acid mixtures were heated under conditions of producing protein hydrolysates. All three chlorohydrins, formerly found in protein hydrolysates have been identified. PMID- 716636 TI - [Quick residue control of plant and animal food, tobacco, and tobacco-products by Sweep-Co analysis. 1 (author's transl)]. AB - Control of Pesticides residues in imports and on market-places are only practicable, if a true statement is possible very quickly. The multi residue methods, which determinate a great number of pesticides in one analysis are well known, but very costly in time and material and cannot be automated completely. The Sweep-Co-Method can improve the present situation. PMID- 716637 TI - The influence of water activity on the stability of vulgaxanthin I. AB - The stability of vulgaxanthin I at 100 degrees C is dependant on the water activity of the system. The half-life of vulgaxanthin I was found to be three times greater at aw 0.20 than at 1.00. The rate constants for vulgaxanthin I degradation varied exponentially with respect to water activity and below aw = 0.50 the stability was not improved. PMID- 716638 TI - [Detection of trenbolone residues in meat by thin layer chromatography and fluorimetry (author's transl)]. AB - An new method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of trenbolone residues in meat, liver and kidney is described. The analytical procedure consists of the following steps: comminution of the meat sample; homogenisation with tetrahydrofurane; liquid-liquid partition first between acetonitril and hexane then between sodium hydroxide solution and petroleum ether/benzene; chromatography on a silica gel column. The detection on the TLC-plate is performed with 366 nm ultra violet light. The quantitative determination is carried out by means of a remission spectral fluorimeter directly on the plate. The detection limit in meat extracts was 5 ppb. PMID- 716639 TI - [The indication of radiation treatment for irradiated chicken on the basis of the radiation--induced loss of protein sulfhydryl groups (author's transl)]. AB - A spectrophotometric technique for the identification of irradiated chicken (gallus domesticus) and doses ranging between 0.1 and 2.5 Mrad is described. Spectrophotometric determination of the sulfhydryl content in the animal tissue before (control) and after using 6,6'-Dithiodinicotinic acid is applied. Ionizing radiation causes a permant loss of sulfhydryl groups in the animal tissue such as chicken. Irradiation at room temperature and storing at -18 degrees C over a period of approximately one month does not show restitution or repair of the sulfhydryl loss. The dose-effect relation for this radiation-induced decrease of the sulfhydryl content can be described best by a double exponential function. Irradiation conditions, preparation of protein suspension from chicken, spectrometric investigations and other experimental details are reported. The results of all will be discussed in detail. PMID- 716640 TI - [Review on nonessential constituents of vegetables. III. Carrots, celery, parsnips, beets, spinach, lettuce, endives, chicory, rhubarb, and artichokes (author's transl)]. PMID- 716641 TI - [The rate of infection in open fractures after surgical or conservative treatment]. PMID- 716642 TI - [280 cases of distal radius fractures warranting insurance benefits from 1970 1972]. PMID- 716643 TI - [Effect of chemotherapy on kidney function in pyelonephritis due to calculi with kidney insufficiency]. AB - In patients with stone pyelonephritis the behaviour of the renal function under the influence of chemotherapy was examined at the stage of the compensated retention. 24 cures carried out on clinical conditions on 10 patients with an average age of 52 years (14--71) were evaluated. By means of chemotherapy in connection with the treatment of anaemia and the compensation of acidosis the renal function could favourably be influenced and the terminal stage of the renal insufficiency could be shifted. The author adopts a definite attitude to the long term prophylaxis. PMID- 716644 TI - [Correlations between the metastable solutions of calculus-forming salts and crystals from coexistent insoluble urinary components]. AB - The correlations between the individual stone-forming systems, expecially the induction of heterogeneous crystallization from metastable solutions of one stone forming system by preformed crystals of the other stone-forming system, were measured semiquantitatively by the Coulter-Counter-Size Distribution Analyzer technique. It has been found out that Ca-oxalate crystals may represent potent triggers and accelerators of the phosphate precipitation from metastable Ca phosphate solutions. The importance of this phenomenon could be attributed especially to the induction of crystal rich phosphate crystalluria at moderate pH values (6,5--6,8) by the preceding Ca-oxalate crystalluria (,,starter "resp." primer "crystalluria). The favouring, promoting influence of uric acid on the stone formation and growth of Ca-oxalate crystals could be observed with the same experiments under changed conditions. This mechanism could be of some importance in the case when Ca-oxalate precipitates from the urine, saturated by uric acid, at low pH values (5,0--6,0). Uric acid resp. sodium urate crystals showed a moderate by clear favouring effect on the formation of Ca-phosphate crystals from metastable solutions. The influence of Ca-phosphate crystals upon the growth of Ca-oxalate crystals proved to be very limited. PMID- 716645 TI - [Our experiences with urate I in bladder stones]. AB - It is reported on the experiences with the electrohydraulic lithotripsy in 122 patients. The indications, contraindications and regulations for the intervention are shown and it is referred to their significance for a successful and dangerousless operation. This fact is emphasized by two own cases with intraoperative complications. In the opinion of the authors the electrohydraulic lithotripsy is the method of choice in the treatment of vesicular calculi in an adequate indication and in the department of the authors it has fully restricted the mechanical lithotripsy. PMID- 716646 TI - [Gastroenterologic diseases and their relationship to the urogenital system]. PMID- 716647 TI - [Problems of dispensary statistics today]. PMID- 716648 TI - [Organizational experience with specialized drug care]. PMID- 716649 TI - [Selection and training of public health management personnel]. PMID- 716650 TI - [Scientific information work experience at a medical institute]. PMID- 716652 TI - [To the ultrastructure of proliferating smooth muscle cells of uterine leiomyomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 716651 TI - [The immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Histological, cytological and ultrastructural findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 716653 TI - [Frequency of pathological liver changes in biopsy and autopsy samples (author's transl)]. AB - It is the purpose of this study to point out the epidemiological importance of pathoanatomical records. In this connections, it is necessary to pay attention to different prerequisites for documentation, especially to an agreement on diagnostical nomenclature. Liver alterations and liver diseases are given as an example for valueing the relevance of both bioptic and autoptic materials for epidemiological purposes. By means of about 8,500 liver biopsies and 1,000 autopsies from the same territorial region the type and frequency of the different pathological alterations of the liver are compiled. Their frequency differs about ten fold. The epidemiological value obviously lies in specially aimed investigations; on the other hand, autoptic examinations are more representative and therefore of higher general reliability and greater epidemiological value. PMID- 716654 TI - [Primary leiomyosarcoma of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of leiomyosarcoma was demonstrated in a tissue cylinder obtained by liver biopsy in a 68-year-old woman with unclear hepatomegaly. The patient died 8 months after she had experienced first signs of illness. Autopsy revealed a primary leiomyosarcoma of the liver with metastases in the lungs, bilaterally in the pleura, in the kidneys, and in the periportal and spleno-pancreatic lymph nodes. The occurrence of a primary tumour in the urogenital system or in the gastrointestinal-tract could be excluded. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was based on the microscopical demonstration of smooth muscle fibres with enlarged red-like and partially atypical cell nuclei and atypical mitoses. Furthermore, we observed extensive necroses and haemorrhagia in the tumour tissue. Preexisting tumours of the liver as, e.g., teratoma or hepatoblastoma were not found. No cirrhosis of the liver could be detected. Obviously, the leiomyosarcoma had its origin in the smooth muscle fibres of the liver vascular system.--According to the literature primary leiomyosarcomas in the liver are only rarely found. PMID- 716655 TI - [State after pancreatitis--as a clinico-pathological term (author's transl)]. AB - Up to now, little attention has been paid in the clinical as well as in clinico pathological systematics to the fibrotic "state after pancreatitis" (in its severest form called "cicatrical pancreas"). This state is of interest not only as an increased risk of a recurrent pancreatitis (including acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis), but as well as because of the severe pancreatographic changes, as they occur in (chronic) pancreatitis. In biopsy diagnoses of the pancreas the "cicatrical pancreas" also has to be taken into consideration as a life-long frequently inactive pancreatic disease. With respect to these questions 264 pancreases, among these a series of 144 random autopsy cases, were examined histologically and pancreatographically. PMID- 716656 TI - Systemic angioendotheliomatosis (author's transl). AB - Two cases of systemic angioendotheliomatosis are reported. The first patient was a 20-year-old pregnant Negro woman from Ghana; the diagnosis was established in the biopsy of the skin lesions; the follow up of the patient is unknown. The second patient, a 70-year-old man, presented repeated but transitory loss of sight and speech, later on associated with unconsciousness and convulsions. He died of severe epileptic status two months after the onset of the symptoms. Systemic angioendotheliomatosis was found in the brain as well as in other organs and tissues. PMID- 716657 TI - [Coronary atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction in autopsy cases. 9th communication: relationship of coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - The autopsy reports of the Pathological Institute Erfurt of the period from 1.1.1951 until 31.12.1969 were scored for cases of myocardial infarction and coronary thrombosis. Among 2,393 morphologically analysed myocardial infarctions 454 coronary thromboses (18.97 per cent) were found. Males were significantly more affected than females. Fresh infarcts showed significantly more thromboses than callous infarcts. We found fresh and occluding vessel thromboses more frequently in fresh infarctions. The analysis of age distribution yielded an increase of the rate of thrombosis in cases with myocardial infarction. On the other hand, the frequency of infarctions in cases with a coronary thrombosis was decreasing. It is suggested that the risk for infarctions is larger in younger people with coronary thrombosis than in older ones. No infarctions were detected in 165 cases of thrombosis. Preferably this group includes those cases in which the patients deceased within 6 to 8 hours and, therefore, the infarction was not morphologically detectable. PMID- 716658 TI - [Cysts in the villous stroma of the placenta in maternal diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Edemateous placentae of diabetic mothers have been examined by light as well as electron microscopy. In addition to typical fetal capillaries there were observed thin-walled cysts containing Hofbauer-cells rather than blood cells which, unlike the capillary system, cannot be filled up with intraarterially injected ink. Derivation and significance of these cavities are discussed. They are considered to be a possible expression of frustraneous extracapillary formation of new vessels. The changes, while not specific, are characteristic of the placenta in maternal diabetes mellitus. PMID- 716659 TI - [Operations on vertebral bodies by anterior approach (author's transl)]. AB - The origin of most pathological affections of the spine is situated in the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral disks. There have been established standard manners for the anterior approach to all parts of the spine in the last years which allow us to reach every vertebral body from the front. The authors describe the anterior approach to the different parts of the spine and discuss the indications for interventions on the vertebral bodies separately for the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. The experience with their 144 own cases is briefly reported. PMID- 716660 TI - [Treatment of hip joint fractures and their sequelae (author's transl)]. AB - Present state and own experience in surgical treatment of different fractures of the acetabulum are reported. Primary insufficient treatment of those cases and delayed treatment impair the results considerably. PMID- 716661 TI - [First treatment of compound fractures of the tibia (author's transl)]. AB - Omission of primary closure of the wound after debridement on the day of admission may delay the in hospital time for some days or even weeks, but does not interfere with the healing of the open fracture. On the other hand, primary closure endangers the patient with wound infection and osteitis. Experience shows that this complication can be diminished considerably by delayed wound closure when planned systematically. PMID- 716662 TI - [Functional treatment of fractures of the calcaneum (author's transl)]. AB - 62 fractures of the calcaneum treated by functional therapy have been reviewed. Good results were observed in 63 per cent of the cases, whereas 37 per cent showed satisfactory results. Fractures of the Typ A and B and those of Typ C without other injuries demonstrated good results. Therefore functional therapy can be recommended. Although Typ C fractures combined with other injuries have poor end-results, operative therapy should be delayed because of the over-all risk of the patient. A trial of functional therapy should be initially instituted. PMID- 716663 TI - [Insufficient treatment of fractures of the hand (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of fractures of the hand cannot be standardized, the procedure to be used has to be determined from case to case. Besides age and profession the patients intelligence and his readiness to cooperate are of importance. Sometimes osteosynthesis is not successful because these factors are disregarded. In some cases immediate amputation will not only shorten the time of treatment considerably but also prevent an inept psychic attitude (pension neurosis). Correct assessment of the injury during the first treatment may be decisive for failure or success, because a second operation will not yield a good result. PMID- 716665 TI - [Desmoid tumors of extremities]. PMID- 716664 TI - [Permanent damage after frontobasal fractures of the skull; its evaluation according to medical reports (author's transl)]. AB - Frontobasal fractures of the skull may cause cosmetical disfigurement, impairment of nasal airflow, anosmia, brain lesions, liquor dripping, dysfunction of the eyes and trigeminal neuralgia. This is followed by social problems. The percentage of compensation is dealt with. PMID- 716666 TI - [Repeated kidney rupture--a rare and life threatening complication]. PMID- 716667 TI - [Mechanical ileus due to pelvic fracture]. PMID- 716668 TI - [Reimplantation of a traumatically, subtotally amputated upper arm]. PMID- 716669 TI - [Tracheostomy--late complications and their treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The number of late complications after tracheostomy has increased due to new indications especially reanimation. Tracheal stenosis is the most severe complication. Its treatment by resection and end to end anastomosis, tracheopexy, plastic reconstruction or by endotheses is discussed. The operative technique of these procedures is difficult, the result not always satisfying. PMID- 716671 TI - [Heterologous and alloplastic grafts for haemodyalisis (author's transl)]. AB - In cases of the malfunction of av-fistulae for haemodialyses a kind of prosthetic graft has to be used. Since 1973 alloplastic protheses (Sparks-Mandril) have been used in 7 patients, since 1976 heterologous (Solko-graft-calf-carotis) ones in 12 patients. In an average follow-up period of 18 months the heterologous prostheses proved to be more suitable because of longer patency-rates, simpler handling during surgery and earlier use for dialyses. As a major late complication only one case of an aneurysmatic enlargement was observed in one of the heterologous protheses. Long-term results have still to be waited for. PMID- 716670 TI - [Achalasia of the oesophagus. Operative treatment by abdominal myotomy and fundoplication (author's transl)]. AB - Achalasia is a neuromuscular functional disturbance with dystonia and dyscinesia of the entire tubular oesophagus of unknown aetiology characterised by loss of cardial opening reflex. In the usual functional state dysphagia and moderate stenosis are observed, but occasionally an organic form with marked mega-dolicho oesophagus will develop. Therapeutically an attempt is made to reduce the hypertonus of the terminal oesophagus. In mild or moderate cases this may be achieved by dilatation alone. If conservative treatment fails or in severe forms an operative correction is mandatory, we advise preoperative dilatation together with an extramucous myotomy of the distal anterior oesophageal wall and a fundoplication to prevent the gastro-oesophageal reflux. This abdominal procedure demands great care but is not traumatising and ensures satisfactory early and late results even in patients with considerable surgical risks. Operative indication and technique in 63 cases are demonstrated. PMID- 716672 TI - [A modified extraperitoneal iliac lymphonodectomy method by Wagner]. PMID- 716673 TI - [Splenectomy; its results (author's transl)]. AB - 270 patients underwent splenectomy for different indications. The rate of complications amounts to 18,8%. Prognosis after splenectomy depends on the basic disease, accompanying illness and the quality of pre- and postoperative care. PMID- 716674 TI - [Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - 147 cases of carcinoma of the pancreas are presented excluding cancer of the ampulla and endocrine tumours. Only 21 (14,9%) radical pancreatectomies could be performed with 3 deaths. 83 (56,4%) patients were treated by palliative procedures with 16,8% deaths. 21 (14,9%) patients had explorative laparotomy with a 27,2% mortality rate. The mean survival time is 11,5 months after duodeno pancreatico-resection and 16 months after total pancreatectomy. The mean survival time in palliative surgery is 14,8 months. There was no survival at all after 5 years. Our surgical indication depends on local extension, but above all on lymphnode metastases: if there are more than 3 metastased nodes in the frozen section, radical surgery seems to be useless. On the other hand, total pancreatectomy gives better results for morbidity, operative mortality and survival rates than segmental resection. PMID- 716675 TI - [Combined operations for cholecystitis (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of 60 operations for cholecystitis includes interventions accompanied by simultaneous procedures on various organs of the abdominal cavity, on the abdominal wall, the kidney and the heart. The problems of preoperative examination of patients with cholecystitis are discussed along with the surgical tactics when concomitant pathology requiring surgical management is revealed, and with indications for one-stage combined interventions in cholecystitis. PMID- 716676 TI - [Trouble after cholecystectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Unsatisfactory results after cholecystectomy are mostly due to complications of the disease not realised under surgery and to technical blunders. Only intraoperative cholangiography, exploration of the common bile duct and inspection by choledochoscopy build the sound basis for an adequate surgical procedure. PMID- 716678 TI - [Conservative management of duodenal fistula]. PMID- 716677 TI - [The "cold" nodule in the thyroid scintigram--an indication for surgery?]. PMID- 716679 TI - [Effect of hormonal contraception on the fibrin-stabilizing factor (factor XIII)]. AB - The plasma activity of fibrinstabilizing factor (factor XIII) in 27 women treated with Non-Ovlon an anticonceptive agent, were investigated. It was found significant differences of levels plasma activity. Conclusions from isolated observations are not possible. PMID- 716680 TI - [Progesterone-induced changes of the endometrium and cervix mucosa in glandular, cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium]. AB - In a period of 5 years 116 specimens were collected with various techniques from patients with the homologous type of cystic-glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium. These were systematically studied with a view to identifying a potential progesteron effect on the morphology of the endometrial and, given sufficient material, cervical mucosa. While the endometrium was examined for discrete areas with signs of secretion, attention in cervical specimens was directed to the potential presence of focal alveolar proliferations of cervical glands with basal cell hyperplasia (socalled cribriform polypoid hyperplasia). Progesteron-induced changes of major endometrial areas were found to be present in 6,9% of cases; the "cribriform polypoid hyperplasia" involving the cervical mucosa was seen in 9 of 43 cases (20,9%) with adequate cervical specimens. In 2 of the patients with progesterone-induced cervical changes luteinized follicular epithelium in the ovaries was indicative of effective endocrine activity. The different action of progesterone on the endometrial versus the cervical mucosa is discussed on the basis of katamnestic studies. PMID- 716681 TI - [Corpus luteum function in the middle luteal phase following treatment with prostaglandins]. AB - The corpus luteum of the mid-luteal phase was examined concerning of the signs of functional and morphological regression after treatment with Prostin F2alpha and 15(S)-15-methyl-PGF2alpha. By 8 patients who were operated upon out of various uterine indications steroid hormone levels were determined during the treatment with prostaglandins and corpus luteum was judged by electron-microscopy. Morphological changes in the temporary decrease of the progesteron concentration could be found. PMID- 716682 TI - [Changes in treatment results of 5279 cervix tumor patients between 1946 and 1972]. AB - Results of the treatment of 5279 cervix tumour patients between 1946--1972 are reported. The assessment was performed by computer analysis of the material. There was a parallel rise in the 5 years survival of patients with the growth of radiotherapeutical equipment, mainly in extensive cases. Regarding all stages, the 5 years survival was 44,36%. PMID- 716683 TI - [Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome and endometrial carcinoma]. AB - Report on a classical Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl-syndrome (LMBB-Syndrome). After a 9 (to 10) year-period of irregular bleedings caused by proved monophasic menstrual cycles and Stein-Leventhal-syndrome an endometrial adenocarcinoma arose in the 23 old patient. The possible carcinogenesis by virtue of an extraglandular oestrogen-(oestron-) production is discussed. The frequently observed nephropathy is often a decisive factor in morbidity and letyality of the LMBB-syndrome. PMID- 716684 TI - [Self-examination of breast under personal and psychologic aspects. (Psychometric studies of 533 women)]. AB - A psychometric study conducted among 533 women tested for statistical significance of personality traits (FPI) between selfexaminations of the breast and the attitude to examinations performed by physicians. --I. Introverts (FPI-E) performed selfexaminations with only half the frequency of extroverts (p less than 0,01). One fifth of the women with personality traits of introversion believed that screening examinations for detection of breast cancer performed by physicians are of lesser importance as did women with personality traits of extroversion (p less than 0,01). The later group believed that breast has significance in cosmetic appearance (p less than 0,05) and sexual value (p less than 0,05). Introverts are mostly of lower education (p less than 0,05) and their intelligence quotient is usually below 100 (p less than 0,1) when compared with that of extroverts. For selfexaminations of the breast this finding is of special importance to preventive medicine to provide effective instructions and guidance. --II. Emotional labile women (FPI-N) produce expected results of being especially fearsome (p less than 0,01) regarding breast change appearance produced by an conscious fear of cancer (p less than 0,05). Upon discovery of a painful lump in the breast labile women delay the visit to the physician longer as emotional stable women (p less than 0,05). Labile women stay single twice as often as emotional stable women (p less than 0,01). This produces a lower possibility to be activated by ones spouse to seek the aid of a physician for treatment of the breast. --III. In women with personality traits of depression or low selfesteem is a longer delay period apparant as in women with high selfesteem. Upon noticing a lump in the breast--if painful or not--women with high selfesteem immediately pay a visit to their physician (p less than 0,05) but the others delay. Here should be mentioned that depressed women deviate from the lot in regard to family status (p less than 0,05) and obtained education/intelligence niveau (p less than 0,01). These results are debated viewing preventive-medical and psychosocial aspects. PMID- 716685 TI - [Detection of PZ in cervical secretion]. PMID- 716686 TI - [Premature rupture of fetal membranes]. AB - Our investigations on premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PROM) show that prematurity represents a higher risk for the fetus than infection does. Therefore we tend to be expectant in case of PROM combined with prematurity. On the other hand latency between rupture of the membranes and onset of labor should not exceed 24 hours for a mature fetus (gestational age greater than 37 weeks, estimated weight greater than 2500 g, L/S-ratio greater than 2). Antibiotics are applied only in case of manifest infection and at the onset of labor following a latency longer than 24 hours. PMID- 716687 TI - [Dynamics of the dilatation of as uteri during birth]. AB - 219 partogramms of primipares and 219 partogramms of multipares were analysed retrospectively. Only normal deliveries after normal pregnancies were taken into consideration. Graphs were plotted of time intervalls against the width of the cervix. The mean duration of dilation were 6 hours for multipares and 9 hours for primipares. All phases of first stage of labour were reduced in multipares. The results were compared with observations of other authors. PMID- 716688 TI - [Possibilities to influence the duration of labor through decompression treatment during the third trimester]. AB - Comparative examinations of labour duration in primipara and multipara of the age groups: before 20, between 20 and 25, 25 and 30, and over 30 (so called "old primipara") were performed. Equal numbers of women with and without abdominal decompression treatment during the III. trimenon were analysed, altogether 1312 patients. In the groups before 20 and between 20 and 25 years of age only an insignificant decrease in duration in treated cases against the control group was found objectively, despite the almost subjectively reported easing and shortening of labour.--On the other hand in 30 year old patients a clear and in over 30 year old women (so called "old primipara") a highly significant decrease was recognizable, which demonstrates the value of prenatal preparations by abdominal decompression treatment in these age group. PMID- 716690 TI - [Cardiovascular changes during ethanol-tocolysis]. AB - The cardiovascular effects of an intravenous infusion of a 5% ethanol-10% fructose-solution was examined in 10 healthy late pregnant women with the method of quantitative sphygmometry. There are insignificant changes of the arterial pressure, but increase of stroke volume, cardiac output, work and power and a decrease of total peripheral resistance. In spite of these favourable hemodynamic alterations, particularly the constant heart rate, ethanol should be used only for a short-time-tocolysis. PMID- 716689 TI - [Effect of anesthesia on the condition of newborn infants following cesarean section]. AB - A comparative study of the anesthesia at cesarean section with application of d tubocurarine in 602 cases and application of only succinylcholine in 69 cases before delivery showed no differences in the Apgars-scores of the newborn. Only severe obstetric complications and long duration of the anesthesia influenced the clinical condition of the infants. There was no correlation between the doses of barbiturates or tubocurarine given to the mother and the Apgars-scores. PMID- 716691 TI - [Relationships between the HPL determination in maternal serum and the condition of the associated placental villous trophoblast]. AB - Relationships between the determination of human placental lactogen in materna serum and the condition of associated placental villous trophoblasts.--Taking as a starting point both qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of placental villous trophoblasts subsequent to risk pregnancies, the proportions of different qualities of syncytium and average numbers of Langhans' cells per field of view in 24 placentas of neonates of the 37th to 41st weeks of pregnancy are compared with the corresponding maternal serum HPL (human placental lactogen) values. The significantly lower proportion of mature syncytium determined in the case of a low HPL value as well as the result of linear regression analysis are indicative of a dependence of maternal serum values for HPL upon the proportion of mature syncytium. This particular result is also interpreted by the authors as confirming the view that "mature" syncytium can be considered to be "functional" syncytium. Like other investigators, the present authors should also point out the importance of the total mass of placenta which can compensate for lower proportions of functional syncytium in individual resorption villi. Whereas there are clearly evident relationships between the maternal estriol values and the condition of placental villous trophoblasts, such relationships could not be observed in our material for oxytocinase and HSAP. PMID- 716692 TI - [Effect of abortion on subsequent fertility with special reference to the abortion process]. AB - The influence of a first gravida's legal abortion to the later reproduction was researched on 406 patients in the age between 13 up to 18 years-- RESULT: The rate of abortion and premature birth is significantly increased at subsequent pregnancies when there took place an interruption of the first gravidity.--About 70% of the coming gravidities following an interruption of the first gravidity deliver in the time between 37. up to 39. week of pregnancy.--Premature births having a birth weight below 2500 g are found in 10,17% of the cases compared with a control group showing 5,45%. PMID- 716693 TI - [Abortion complications and their effect on subsequent pregnancies]. AB - About complications in 2147 interruptions of pregnancy, carried out between February 15, 1974 and December 31, 1976 was reported.--48,4 per cent was nullipare or primipare. The rate of early complications was 5,28 per cent. During the period of report 7,03 per cent of patients became pregnant again. The fates from these pregnancy were following: 37,6 per cent interruptions of pregnancy once more. 15,2 per cent abortion and 18,4 per cent premature birth. Prenatal mortality was 3,1 per cent. PMID- 716694 TI - [Abortion induction in early pregnancy using prostin F2 alpha and 15(S)-15-methyl PGF 2 alpha]. AB - In early pregnancy up the 8th week of pregnancy Prostin F2 alpha was infused and 15(S)-15-Methyl PGF 2 alpha was used i.m. to induce menstruation in 20 or 19 cases, respectively. In the tested form application 15(S)-15-Methyl PFG 2 alpha is effective in 89 per cent of the cases and in 74 per cent complete abortion was achieved, Prostin F 2 alpha produced bleeding in 80 per cent only and complete abortion in 55 per cent. The differences in these two groups were not statistically significant. PMID- 716695 TI - [Induced abortion using intrauterine, extra-amniotic administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha in primigravidae]. AB - With 115 nulliparae abortion was induced through intermittend extraamniotic application of PG F2alpha. The intermittend PG-application was successful in 99.13% (81.73% incomplete abortions; 17.40% "missed abortions" with opening of the cervix uteri). In the opposite to others authors "missed abortion" looks as a good result. The mean PG-Dosis was 14,33 mg and the abortion time 15,40 hours.- The rate of morbidity was 6,1 per cent. PMID- 716696 TI - [Safety and health aspects in urbanised areas of different density (author's transl)]. AB - Germans like to live in one-family houses. This way of living prevails more and more during recent years. However, the increase of one-family housing implies a high state of car dependence. Especially for children, youths, aged and disadvantaged people living in a car oriented city becomes difficult. Also a higher use of cars implies more air pollution and waste of energy. And additionaly, the increasing travel distances cause higher rates of traffic accidents. To avoid these disadvantages the alternative must be the high density development comprising both, high density-low-rise buildings and especially high rise buildings. By abandoning all one-family homes and using only tall buildings for dwelling and other purposes (stores, offices, schools etc.) the area of a city could be reduced to about one tenth of that what is urbanized today. Because of the short distances in such a city most of the trips could be made by walking or by using lifts. Accordingly traffic accidents could be reduced to one tenth of today's figures too. Despite of the many advantages the high density city has with respect to safety and health of its population such a city will be rarely realized because it does not meet the ideas and imaginations of many people. Nevertheless it seems to be advisable to promote high density residential areas for all those people who are willing to accept it or who prefer this way of living. This minority, however, should not be irritated by unqualified generalizing negative reports in the media. PMID- 716697 TI - [Hygienic and bacteriological comparative studies in 50 hospitals. V. Bacterial contamination of hospital surfaces (author's transl)]. AB - Environmental examination were carried out in 50 hospitals using "rodac-plates" (size: 21 cm2) for 7971 samples, to acquire a semiquantitative assessment of microbial contamination of surfaces. Up to 20 percent of the impression cultures showed uncountable numbers of colonies (more than 300/21 cm2). Therefore statements on the microbial content were not to be based on mean values alone. The actual state of surface contamination was assessed by the mean value of all plates with colony counts below 300 and by the median value. Additionally numbers of samples with colony counts below 10 and more than 300 were recorded. The mean value of all samples with less than 300 colonies/21 cm2 was 58. 21% had less than 10, 23% more than 300 colonies. In operating suites, delivery rooms, and premature wards the mean value was 30 colonies/21 cm2. Surfaces with less than 10 colonies amounted to 30 percent, with more than 300 to 5 percent. Samples from intensive-care units, from new-born-, and childrens wards had mean values of 50 colonies/21 cm2. Percentages of plates below 10 and above 300 colonies differed too much to be grouped. Surgical, internal, and gynaecological wards showed mean values of more than 60 colonies/21 cm2. 15 percent of plates had less than 10 colonies, 10 percent more than 300. Differentiations as to specifications of rooms and surfaces in regard to bacterial contamination have been made. PMID- 716698 TI - [Experience in the isolation of salmonellae in foods of different risk categories (author's transl)]. AB - 146 samples of pancreatic powder, 208 samples of pasteurized egg albumen, both deep-frozen and spray-dried, and 355 samples of frozen poultry were investigated for the presence of salmonellae. Four pre-enrichment media (lactose broth, nutrient broth, buffered peptone water and tryptone soya broth) and two direct selective enrichment media (dulcitol selenite and tetrathionate) were used. For the pre-enrichment of frozen poultry, buffered peptone water and tryptone soya broth proved to be more satisfactory than lactose broth and nutrient broth. Pre enrichment of freeze-dried material in a non-selective medium yielded more Salmonella than were obtained by a direct selective enrichment. 16 of 146 samples of freeze-dried pancreatic powder contained salmonellae. Accordingly, tissue and organs of slaughter animals designed for the production of pharmaceutical preparations require regular bacteriological control. PMID- 716699 TI - Characterization of the Brucella strains from milch animals. AB - A survey of incidences of brucellosis was carried out in 1378 lactating animals (590 buffaloes; 290 cows; 471 goats; and 108 sheep). Individual reactors to MRT were further identified with blood serum tube and quick agglutination tests.- Recorded incidences of brucellosis in the present investigation were found to be low, 1.4% in cows, 1.3% in goats, 1.2% in buffaloes and 0.9% in sheeps. The present investigation supports the wide use of MRT for screening antibodies for brucellosis in lactating animals which can be followed by SAT.--All those animals which responded to tube agglutination test were also positive for blood serum quick agglutination test. PMID- 716700 TI - [Investigation of the hygienic standard in two hospitals including the control of disinfection (author's transl)]. AB - In two operative departments with different architectural presuppositions, the hygienic standard was checked up. Under favourable conditions in clinic B (Hosch filter, sluice-systems) the relative frequency of demonstrable bacteria amounted to 55%. In clinic A, where these conditions failed, it amounted to 80%. Among the non pathogenic bacteria DNase-negative staphylococci were demonstrated more frequently than others. 13.4% and 18.9% resp. of the bacteria were DNase-positive staphylococci. We used Clostridium perfringens for detecting invasion-paths of germs. The most important ones are leaky windows, air conditioning and insufficient sluice-systems. The success of desinfection was examined. It fluctuates from 67% to 100%. One control amounted to 42%. The results show, that it is impossible to establish sterile rooms for common operative departments. But they show as well that a satisfying hygienic standard cannot be arrived without sluice-systems and appropriate air conditioning. PMID- 716701 TI - [Wound contamination in conventionally air-conditioned operating rooms as compared to laminar-flow-operating-rooms (author's transl)]. AB - Two operating rooms (OP K I, OP K II) with conventional air-conditioning and one operating room with horizontal laminar-flow-ventilation (TAVS) were compared by measurements of airborne microorganisms, settling microorganisms and wound contamination. In OP K I and OP K II the number of airborne colonie forming units (cfu) was about 8/m3 when the rooms were empty and between 70/m3 (OP K I) and 140/m3 (OP K II) during operations. The first air in the TAVS-OP contained less than 1 cfu/m3, downstream of the operating team up to 80 cfu/m3. The number of settling microorganisms at the wound site was about 13 cfu/100 cm2 h in OP K I and OP K II, and about 2 cfu/100 cm2 h in the TAVS OP. Wound swabs showed a contamination rate of 45% (OP K I) and 54% (OP K II) versus 31% under TAVS conditions. The difference is statistically significant with p less than 0.05. Various other factors as e.g. the duration of exposition, traffic of persons into and out of the rooms and the fate of microorganisms after sedimentation into the wound are discussed. While the number of settling germs is growing in linear proportion to the duration of exposition, the number of wounds found contaminated does probably approach a steady state in dependence of sedimentation rate and die off rate in the wound. PMID- 716702 TI - [Behaviour of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in dry and moist atmosphere (author's transl)]. AB - The results of bacteriologic environmental studies show the frequently appearance of Staphylococci in dry and of Pseudomonas in moist atmosphere. There is a small frequency of Enterobacteriaceae in both cases. Therefore experiments are done about the behaviour in dry atmosphere of 5 different strains of Staph. aureus, Strept. faecalis, E. coli, Kl. pneumoniae, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa. The bacterial suspensions are scored on aluminium foil and exposed at room temperature and constant air-moisture. The results show Enterobacteriaceae more sensitive for drying as Staph. aureus and Strept. faecalis. In dry atmosphere Pseudomonas is nearly not able to survive. In contrary to the other examined bacteria only Staphylococcus can be transfered by air or dust. The behaviour in moist environment is examined at room temperature in aqua bidest. and sterile tap water. In both liquids only S. marcescens is able to grow. It is conspicous that P. aeruginosa dies off in aqua bidest, within 4 d while it is able to grow in tap water. In tap-water the initial colony count of E. coli keeps constant, but in aqua bidest. E. coli is no more present after 24 d. In both liquids, Staph. aureus and Strept. faecalis have limited surviving rates: Staph. aureus can't be cultured in aqua bidest, after 5 d, in tap-water after 7 d, Strept. faecalis survive 11 and 10 d respectively. Additional the behaviour in tap-water is examined at 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C. These temperatures are characteristic for ultrasonic nebulizers and humidifiers respectively. At both temperatures only P. aeruginosa is able to grow. The other bacteria--including S. marcesens--die off at 30 degrees C and even faster at 40 degrees C. Furthermore mixed cultures are made with 5 strains each of Staph. aureus (= St), Strept. faecalis (= Sf), E. coli (= Ec), S. marcescens (= Se) and P. aeruginosa (= Pa) which formed the following groups: St/Sf, St/Ec, St/Se, St/Pa, Sf/Ec, Sf/Se, Sf/Pa, Ec/Se, Ec/Pa, Se/Pa. The examinations are done in aqua bidest. and tap-water at room temperature. Additional the behaviour in tap-water at 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C was tested. A mutual influence cannot be found. It is the conclusion to use the humidifiers and nebulizers with sterile aqua bidest. only and to prefer the humidifiers to the nebulizers. PMID- 716703 TI - Investigations on the carcinogenic burden by air pollution in man. XVIII. The morphology of neoplasms induced in NMRI Mice after subcutaneous administration of PAH (individual or combination treatment). AB - A single s.c. dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) administered individually or in combinations in the neck area to NMRI mice produced mainly malignant mesenchymal neoplasms at the injection site. Parts of these tumours frequently showed a high degree of polymorphism and, as a detailed examination of their morphology demonstrated were similar to sarcomas of the subcutaneous tissue observed in other animal models. PMID- 716704 TI - [Comparative analysis of the glycoproteins of the mineralized tissues of several species of animals]. AB - Studies have been made on carbohydrate components of glycoproteids from normally mineralized tissues of different animals. Experiments were made on the scales of the fish Leuciscus idus, on shells of hen eggs, on shells of the molluscs Modiolus modiolus, Anodonta cygnea, Rapana thomasiana, Bithynia tentaculata, on bone tissue, the enamel and dentine from cows, pigs, dogs and albino rats. In the glycoproteids studied, hexoses, fucoses, ketone sugars, hexosamines, uronic and sialic acids were found and quantitatively determined. Using ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, acid glycosamineglycanes were divided into two fractions--gialuronic acid and chondroitynsulphates. Marked quantitative, for some of the species qualitative differences as well, were found in carbohydrate composition of glycoproteids from mineralized tissues. PMID- 716706 TI - [Insulin concentration in the blood of normal chick embryos and after glucose administration]. AB - Studies have been made on the content of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in the blood serum of 10--16-day chick embryos. A totally homologous radioimmune assay system consisting of a standard and labelled chick insulin together with antiinsulin guinea pig serum to chick insulin, was used. The results obtained show that IRI content increases with the age of embryos. Intravascular injection of glucose increases IRI content in embryos of all the ages investigated. PMID- 716705 TI - [Enzymes of the pentosephosphate pathway in the tissues of cyclostomes at different stages of ontogenesis]. AB - Studies have been made on the activity of the enzymes of pentose phosphate shunt in the heart, liver and somatic muscles of two lamprey species, Lampetra fluviatilis and L. planeri, at various stages of ontogenesis. It was shown that the activity of these enzymes in larval tissues is significantly higher than in adult lampreys. In adult animals, the enzymes investigated exhibit low tissue specificity. PMID- 716707 TI - [Relationship between the ionic composition and functional activity of rat skeletal muscles]. AB - Studies have been made on the relationship between the pattern of distribution of sodium and potassium ions in skeletal muscles of rats (tissue concentrations of ions, ionic selectivity of the tissue) and the level of functional activity of these muscles under experimental influences upon the motor system of the animals. It was shown that prolonged (20 days) effect of weightlessness during a cosmic flight (functional unloading of the motor apparatus) induces changes in tissue concentrations of Na+ and K+ (the increase of the former and the decrease of the latter) only in postural-tonic m. soleus, which accounts for antigravitational function in the organism. In m. phrenicus and m. plantaris no significant shifts in tissue concentrations of ions were detected. severe hypokinesia (30 days) in the laboratory, as well as denervation (30 days) considerably decrease tissue concentrations of K+ and increase that of Na+ in fast skeletal muscles; under the same conditions, slow m. soleus exhibits simultaneous changes in tissue concentrations of Na+ and K+, although these are less significant. PMID- 716708 TI - [Ionic conductivity of muscle fiber membranes of Locusta migratoria]. AB - On muscle fibers from m. flexor tibiae of the locust studies have been made of the effect of rapid changes in potassium and chloride concentrations on the membrane potential (MP). The MP constituted 56.0 +/- 1.0 mV. The relationship between the MP and the external potassium at [K]o.[Cl]o equals const may be described by Nernst equation for two different intracellular concentrations of these ions, at [K]o less than or equal to 40 mM and at [K]o greater than or equal to 80 mM. From the relationship between the MP and rapid changes in [K]o or [Cl]o at constant concentration of correspondingly [Cl]o and K]o relative membrane conductivity for these ions were found (TK=0.55 and TC1=0.41). Using impulse analysis, electrical constants of muscle membrane were determined (lambda = 1.9 +/- 0.1 mm; Ri equals 103 +/- 7 ohm.cm; Rm = 1.430 +/- 76 ohm.cm2; Cm = 16 +/- 1 muF.cm-2). High values for Cm correlate with numerous invaginations in muscle membrane which were revealed in electron microscopis investigations. Active responses of the membrane are gradual. In the presence of ions of Sr they are transformed into regenerative action potentials. PMID- 716709 TI - [Functional connections between the suprapharyngeal ganglion and segmental motor centers of the cockroach Periplaneta americana]. AB - Studies have been made of non-specific influences of supraesophageal ganglion on the excitability of the segmental centers in the cockroach P. americana. It was shown that electrical stimulation of the mushroom bodies decreases the frequency of the background discharges which are observed in the neuropile of the central body, decreasing simultaneously the activity of motor fibers of the Vth nerve. On the contrary, stimulation of the central body increases the frequency of the spontaneous activity in motor output. It is suggested that the inhibitory influences from the mushroom bodies upon the segmental motor apparatus may spread both directly and in a stepwise fashion, i. e. via the intermediate structure of the central body. The latter is involved into the control of muscle tonus in the cockroach. PMID- 716710 TI - [Changes in the retinotectal system of the tortoise Testudo graeca following enucleation]. AB - Electrophysiological and electron microscopic studies have been made on degeneration in the optic nerve and midbrain tectum after enucleation of the tortoise T. graeca. It was found that intensive degeneration of terminals which follows "dark" type (1/2--1 month after enucleation) corresponds to degeneration of myelinated fibers. Mass degeneration of the "light" type is associated with degeneration of unmyelinated fibers, being observed 1 1/2--2 months after the enucleation. The main bulk of fibers and terminals degenerates at the period of 4 -4 1/2 months. Changes in functional characteristics of the evoked potentials (EP) follow morphological ones and consist in an increase of the interval between the stimulus and the peak of EP components, as well as of the decrease of the amplitude of the EP. Within 4--4 1/2 months, both EP components disappear almost simultaneously. PMID- 716712 TI - [Characteristics of the neuronal composition of the central nervous system of nudibranch mollusks]. AB - Studies have been made on the neuronal composition of the central nervous system of the Nudibranch molluscs from the White Sea -- Coryphella rufibranchialis, Dendronotus arborescens and Cadlina laevis -- at various stages of their postlarval development, Localization maps for the largest neurons were composed. For C. rufibranchialis and D. arborescens, about 65--78 neurons were mapped; some of the characteristics of these neurons were investigated, such as age changes in the body size, the shape, pigmentation and neurosecretory activity. Using impregnation of silver nitrate into slices, two types of branching of neuronal processes were revealed (nervous cells with "branching" and "bifurcational" axons). PMID- 716711 TI - [Behavioral and ultrastructural study of the effect of colchicine application to Mauthner neurons of the goldfish Carassius auratus]. PMID- 716713 TI - [Use of brain slices to determine external (functional) acetylcholinesterase in phylogenetic and ontogenetic research]. PMID- 716715 TI - [Minimal brain dysfunction in children (neurologic aspect)]. AB - The paper contains some data of a dynamical study of 108 children with early organic brain lesions. Starting from the neonate period, in 29 cases (26,8%) there was a stable focal neurological symptomatology, in 42 (38,9%)--symptoms of neuropsychic abnormalities were not found. In 37 cases (34,3%) there was a neurological and psychopathological symptomatology, typical for minimal brain dysfunction. The studies indicate a certain role of the organic factor in the etiology and clinical signs of minimal brain dysfunction in infants. The conclusion is made that there is a necessity for a thorough neurological examination of infants with pathology in the perinatal period with slight neurological changes or considered to be practically normal. Early treatment and prevention of clinical signs in minimal brain dysfunction is stressed. PMID- 716714 TI - [Round nucleus of Emys orbicularis tortoises during ontogenesis (light and electron microscopy findings)]. AB - It has been demonstrated that in the tortoise after hatching the round nucleus and its neurons are rather small, neuronal density is high. Neurons contain a large amount of free ribosomes, Nissl bodies are absent. Single axodendritic synapses are predominant, polysynaptic complexes of the glomerula type are absent. These data indicate that in newborn tortoises the round nucleus does not attain definitive form, differentiation of its main elements proceeding after hatching. PMID- 716716 TI - [Nemaline myopathy (clinico-morphologic study)]. AB - For the first time in Soviet literature a description of 2 cases is given; both sibs demonstrate a muscular weakness, hypotension, moderately expressed hypotrophy of the body muscles, extremities and face. There were also specific bone anomalies. An electron-microscopic study detected typical "nemaline structures" in the muscular fibres. The disease in both sibs was identical even in details. The authors discuss the possible mechanisms of motor disorders. Besides personal material the paper contains the main facts of modern literature in relation to the clinical picture and pathogenesis of nemaline myopathy. PMID- 716717 TI - [Value and feasibility of electromyographic studies in the diagnosis of birth injuries to the cervical portion of the spinal cord]. AB - A total of 160 patients with natal lesions of the spinal cord were examined by EMG. Of them 34 subjects showed lesions in the cervical part. The clinical data were compared with EMG findings. EMG changes, typical for anterior horn localization (II type of EMG) were found in the position of rest in 41.1% of the cases, while in synergy and voluntary movements in 70.6%. The author considers EMG an important and perspective method of examining children with natal spinal lesions. PMID- 716718 TI - [Focal EEG pathology in young children with infantile cerebral paralysis and an epileptiform syndrome]. AB - A polygraphic study of 63 children of the 1st and 2nd year of age with child cerebral paralysis and a convulsive syndrome in 17 detected focal changes of the EEG, mainly in the central and parietal areas. The detection of the focus in many cases depended upon the phase and stage of sleep and could correspond to certain states (mainly--slow sleep, sometimes to rapid sleep, sometimes--intermediary stage). The mechanisms of these phenomena are discussed. PMID- 716719 TI - [Changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain in children with spastic cerebral paralysis following correctional straightening of their gait]. AB - In normal children and patients with cerebral spastic paralysis from 7--12 years there were similar changes of the bioelectric brain activity under conditions of directed correction of gait. There were 3 stages of EEG changes: desynchronozation, synchronization of the dominating rhythm, local synchronization in the form of flashes of the dominating rhythm biopotentials. It was established that a correlational interconnection of the level of integrated EMG and changes in the level of bioelectric brain activity is detected in normals and in ill children on a certain phase of elaborated motor habits. The authors demonstrated an increase of intrahemispheric correlational connections of the bioelectric activity in the motor zones in the process of directed correctional gait. The achieved data concerning the changed EEG in the process of a directed regulation of bioelectrical muscular activity during walking is one of the criteria of a formation of motor functions. PMID- 716720 TI - [Electroneuromyographic studies intaxia-telangiectasia]. AB - An electroneuromyographical study of 29 patients with ataxia-teleangiectasia was performed. It was established that the structural and functional disturbances of the central and peripheral nervous system increase as the disease progresses. The changes found in the spinal motor cells, in the afferent and efferent links of the peripheral neuromotors apparatus permit to recommend drugs directed towards normalization of the processes of nerve conductivity in the peripheral part of the nervous system to be included in the comprehensive therapeutical and rehabilitative measures in this form of pathology. PMID- 716721 TI - [Central muscular hypotonia of early childhood (hypotonic form of infantile cerebral paralysis)]. AB - A total of 64 children from 6 months to 2,5 years with a hypotonic syndrome were observed. Follow-up studies were performed twice: after 1--1,5 years and after 2- 3 years. In most of the cases (52 patients) the hypotonic syndrome towards the age of 6 slowly regressed, up to its complete disappearance. In these cases other neurological syndromes could appear (dyskinetic, spastic, minimal brain dysfunction), in the structure of which cerebellar symptoms occupied an important place. The intellectual development of these children was subnormal. In a lesser part of the cases (12 patients) the indicated dynamics of hypotonia was not seen, or it increased, while the intellectual devleopment of the children was characterized by mental retardation. These cases were evaluated as desintegration of development. The practical significance of the study of hypotonia for the prognosis is discussed. PMID- 716722 TI - [Cerebral vascular disorders in children and their relationship to birth injuries]. PMID- 716723 TI - [Headaches of vascular origin in children and their neuroophthalmologic diagnosis]. PMID- 716724 TI - [Hemiatrophy in children]. AB - A clinico-electrophysiological characteristic of 56 children with the hemiatrophy syndrome is presented. The main clinical variants of hemiatrophy in children were distinguished. Some materials on the etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder are considered. The authors used electrophysiological methods in the study of this disorder: EEG, Echo EG, REG. The nozological entity of hemiatrophy the secondary symptomatical variants and features of the clinical development are discussed. PMID- 716725 TI - [Experience with using amedin in children with movement disorders of extrapyramidal and labyrinth origin]. AB - Using previously obtained data concerning the effectivity of amedin in motor and speech disorders due to muscular dystonia the drug was used for the treatment of 50 children from 3.5 months to 18 years, with motor disorders of an extrapyramidal and labyrinth nature. A high therapeutical effectivity of amedin in an increased pathological activity of tonic cervical and labyrinth reflexes in infants and in torsion spasm of school age children is demonstrated. PMID- 716726 TI - [Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. Positive therapeutic effect of diacarb]. AB - For the first time in Soviet literature a case of Schwartz--Jampel syndrome is described. In a 4 year old girl, besides skeletal abnormalities there were also muscular disturbances typical for this disease: myotonia, a syndrome of constant muscular contraction (rigidity) and expressed cramps. The paper contains a concise literary review concerning the Schwartz--Jampel syndrome and indicates absence of effective treatment. The author succeeded in attainment of a distinct improvement by administering diacarb, a drug previously not used in this disease. PMID- 716727 TI - [Differential diagnosis of slowly progressive schizophrenia in children]. AB - Slowly progressive schizophrenia in children is marked in 45.5% of all the cases. This form of development usually cannotes a favourably developing variant of continuous and attack-like schizophrenia, characterized by a gradual increase of psychopath-like (schizoid) personality changes. For this reason it is necessary to differentiate the diagnosis of schizophrenia with the dynamics of psychopathy in children. The paper contains data of some criteria of a differential diagnosis of slowly progressive schizophrenia in relation to early childhood autism, psychic infantilism, obsessional neurosis, pathologically developing age crises and cyclothymia in children. PMID- 716728 TI - [Depersonalization disorders in schizophrenic children]. AB - The paper is concerned with a study of age variants of depersonalizational disturbances in schizophrenia children of early preschool age and preschool age. Depersonalizational disorders proper were found in 25 cases, disturbance of the self-conscious and its deterioration in 59, retardation in the development of the self-conscious formation--in 32 cases. Depersonalizational disturbances appear in children over 3 years, i.e. following the first physiological age crises. The following types of depersonalizational disturbances were distinquished: 1) moderately expressed loss of the self-conscious with disorders in the differentiation of the "I" from the associates; 2) a deeper disorder of the "I" with a substitution of the personal "I", by another "I"; 3) phenomena of estrangement of the self-conscious with a state similar to the splitting of the self-conscious, up to the appearance of the phenomena of a twin; 4) a change of the self-conscious expressed in a pathological play transformation and a substitution of the "I" by another "I", or a splitting of the self-conscious into the syndrome of play transformation near to a delusional; 5) derealization; 6) loss of the conscious of personal sex; 7) estrangement of the conscious of personal actions; 8) disturbance of self-conscious of a physical whole; 9) disturbance of the self-conscious in a deep depression with a loss of "I vitality" appearance near to "anaesthesia psychica dolorosa" and "nihilistic delusions"; 10) loss of "I" conscious and regress of speech, motor activity, behaviour; 11) retardation in the formation of "I" conscious. PMID- 716729 TI - [Effect of the acceleration factor on formation of the clinical picture of schizophrenia in adolescents]. AB - A comparitive clinico-psychopathological study in 275 cases of schizophrenia in adolescent boys with different variants of sex maturation (accelerated, retarded and normal) demonstrated significant differences in the clinical picture and development of schizophrenia depending upon the physical and in particularly the sex maturation. The authors come to the conclusion of a modifying influence of maturation on the formation of the clinical picture and development of schizophrenia in this age period. At the same time acceleration of maturation is not considered as an unconditioned unfavourable prognostical sign. PMID- 716730 TI - [Relationship between sex and the clinical picture of schizophrenia in adolescents]. AB - In 100 boys and 100 girls with an onset of schizophrenia in adolescency, the hereditary loading, traits of premorbid personality, the clinical picture and development of the disease depending upon the sex were studied. Some sex differences in the clinical picture of adolescent schizophrenia were demonstrated, for instance, an earlier onset in girls, a prevalence in the clinical picture of affective disorders. The clinical picture of boys was mainly characterized by psychopath-like behaviour and its specificity in adolescents of both sexes. There were also other sex differences in the clinical picture, development and prognosis of the disease. PMID- 716731 TI - [Clinical picture of "difficult" adolescents]. AB - Some data of a comprehensive clinico-psychological, anthropological, neurological and neurophysiological study of 150 adolescents--75 "difficult ones" and 75 in the control group are presented. There were 3 main clinico-psychopathological variants of disturbed behaviour; with a prevalence of instability, affective explosiveness and desinhibition of drives. It was possible to demonstrate their pathogenetical connections with some biological traits (abnormal sexual maturation, insufficiency of the nervous system, mainly of an organic character) and environmental factors, which to a certain extent were specific for each of these variants. PMID- 716732 TI - [State of short-term memory in dyslexic children]. AB - Thirty children from 7--8 years who were not able to master the technique of reading and 18 normal children from 5--6 year were studied. As a method special tasks were used, characterizing a short-time acoustico-speech and visual-space memory. In 86% of the children with dyslexia there was a drop in the range of acoustico-speech memory, in 63%--of the visual spacial, and in 57%--a combination of both. The author discusses the role of disturbed short-time memory in the pathogenesis of dyslexia. PMID- 716733 TI - [Role of biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of intellectual disorders in children with minimal psychoorganic syndromes]. AB - Memory, attention and emotional reactivity in comparison to indices of catecholamine and serotonin metabolism were studied in 25 children from 7 to 10 years with the minimal psychoorganic syndrome during aminalon treatment. According to the excretion indices the activity equilibrium of catecholamines and serotonin were changed and were accompanied by disturbances of memory, attention and emotional reactivity. An improvement of these indices during treatment corresponded to a normalization of the activity in these systems. Questions concerning the signficance of disturbed metabolism of biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of the psychoorganic syndrome are discussed. PMID- 716734 TI - [Hyperactive states in children (clinical picture, therapy and rehabilitation)]. AB - On the basis of a study of 1000 hyperactive children the authors clarify the limits in the understanding of hyperactivity and distinguish the following variants: emotional, behavioral and intellectual irregularity. The secondary neurotic symptoms are considered as a structural component of hyperactivity. As one of the mechanisms the correlation of excitability and inhibition is discussed. Data on complex pathogenetical treatment and rehabilitation are given. PMID- 716735 TI - [Clinico-physiologic study of several aspects of the pathogenesis of stuttering]. AB - Data on a comparative clinico-physiological study of children with neurotical and pseudoneurotic stuttring are presented. Clinically 60 patients from 2.5 to 6 years were studied, among them the articulatory and respiratory component of expressive speech formation was studied in 30 cases. The data indicate the complication and deepening of the neurotical and pseudoneurotic symptomatology in the age group from 5 to 6 years. A correlation of clinical and physiological parameters showed that neurotical stuttering appears against the background of a normally formed speech stereotype. In treating neurotical stuttering more attention should be paid to medicamental tranquilizing therapy and a correct psychotherapeutical approach, along with logopedical lessons. In pseudo neurotical stuttering there is a pathological onthogenesis of the speech functioning--an abnormal formation of the speech stereotype. In both cases durative logopedical correlational work and an active goal-directed medicamental treatment are required. PMID- 716736 TI - [Personality formation in younger school age children afflicted with cerebral paralysis]. AB - Attempts were made to study the pathogenetical significance of the feeling of inferiority and the psychogenic syndrome, appearing in early school children (60 cases) with cerebral paralysis. Psychogenic reactions, appearing on an organically changed ground are formed in 2 directions: some children are characterized by neurotic reactions in combination with passive-defensive (astheno-phobic, astheno-depressive, etc.); other children react by agressive defensive forms of behaviour (pathopersonality reactions--opposition, etc.). PMID- 716738 TI - [Development of suicidal tendencies in schizophrenic adolescents and children]. AB - The report is concerned with a clinical study of 197 schizophrenic patients (children and adolescents) who attempted suicide. The study demonstrated that this form of behaviour may be observed even in a relatively favorable variant of the disease. Of certain importance in the development of a suicidal attempt may be psychotraumatizing factors. This may be reflected in the subjective motivation and a certain shade of the main processual symptoms. In relation to the syndrome level, suicidally important may be not only a depressive condition but other affective disorders, such as anxiety, perplexity, fears and a malicious-agressive affect. PMID- 716737 TI - [Reactive suicide attempts in children, adolescents and young adults]. AB - The paper is concerned with the study of 86 patients from 9--18 years who suffered from hysterical, affective-shock reactions and reactive depressions, accompanied by suicidal acts. Suicidal tendencies in these conditions appeared following acute psychic traumas. Their formation was facilitated by different unfavourable factors. As the children become older there is a complication not only of the clinical picture of the psychogenic disorder, but of the suicidal syndrome. The suicidal act in children proceeds impulsively, while in adolescency there is a presuicidal period. The stability of suicidal tendencies depends upon the depth of depressions; repeated suicides from the expressiveness of psychopathical personality traits and the existence of unsolved psychotraumatizing situations. PMID- 716739 TI - [Psychogenic pathologic personality formation in children and adolescents with alcoholic fathers]. PMID- 716740 TI - [Initial manifestations of alcoholism in adolescents (social-psychological and clinical aspects)]. AB - The authors studied the traits of initial symptoms of early alcoholism in 100 boys-pupils of a special boarding-school. It was established that in the appearance of early alcoholism a certain role is being played by unhappy families. A significant importance in the formation of an inclination for alcohol is the character of the first pharmacological influence: euphoric reaction of the first intoxication increases the risk of becoming an alcoholic. The most expressed initial signs are the following: a stable pathological craving for alcohol, use of substitutes, transformation of intoxication. PMID- 716741 TI - [Mutism in childhood (history of research and current status of the problem)]. PMID- 716742 TI - [Terminology and statistical recording of brain lesions in newborn infants and infants during the first year of life]. PMID- 716743 TI - [Effect of protective helmets and head guards on localization of injuries to the skull and brain in cranio-cerebral injuries]. AB - The results of post-mortem examination of 140 cadavers of persons who had died of craniocerebral injuries are appraised. It was established that in injury inflicted through a protective head-piece, the proportion of damage to the bones of the base of the skull, basally located structures of the large hemispheres and stem of the brain in the total number of injuries increases. The study is supplemented with mathematical calculations which explain the dependence observed. PMID- 716744 TI - [Orbital arteriovenous anastomoses]. AB - Separate angiography of the channels of a. carotis externa and a. carotis interna revealed two cases with orbital arteriovenous anastomoses between the branches of a. maxillaris interna and v. ophthalmica inferior. In one of these cases the fistule was additionally supplied with blood by branches of a. ophthalmica. The clinical picture of arteriovenous anastomoses of the orbit resembles that of carotid-cavernous fistules. Surgical management consisted in embolization of the channel of a. maxillaris interna on the side of the anastomosis with muscular emboli. The vascular murmur and exophthalmos disappeared after the operation. PMID- 716745 TI - [Dynamics of cerebral blood filling in epileptic patients during seizure activation]. AB - The interrelationship of cerebral hemodynamics and cerebral vascular tonus was studied in 36 patients with epilepsy during activation of discharges and provocation of epileptic seizures by hyperventilation and intravenous corazol infusion by simultaneous EEG and REG recording. It was found that regional functional hyperemia in the brain corresponding to the side of the epileptogenic focus increases during activation of the discharges despite a certain increase in the tonus of the cerebral vessels. During and immediately after an epileptic seizure angiospasm is replaced by vasodilation with further growth in blood filling of the brain. The possible mechanisms of the vascular reaction are discussed. PMID- 716746 TI - [Muscle tonus in rigidity and spasticity]. AB - The results of the examination of the muscle tone by passive movement of the extremity at a low and high rate in patients with spasticity are discussed. In parkinsonism high resistance was noted to passive movements of the extremity at a low rate (with a period of oscillatory movement of 100 s and more) as well as in the first cycles of rapid sinusoidal movement (with a period of 1 s) if the extremity had been at rest for a lengthy period of time. In spasticity of other etiology, there was a gradual increase of the amplitude on the mechanomyogram in high rates of passive movements, which was evidently due to growth of stimulation in the stretch-reflex arc from cycle to cycle as the result of sumation with trace stimulation from the preceding cycles. The shape of the spectromechanomyogram, which is marked by a rise in the region of the high rates, is considered to be a sign of spasticity, whereas the size of this rise is accepted as a quantitative index of the spastic component of the muscle tone. PMID- 716747 TI - [Surgical treatment of ischemic strokes]. AB - The following operations were performed for ischemic strokes in 116 patients: resection of a loop of the internal carotid artery on the neck, resection of the sympathetic ganglion, and the creation of anastomosis between the branch of the superficial temporal artery and the cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery. The method of the microsurgical intervention is described in detail and the indications and contraindications for various operations in ischemic strokes are discussed. Elaboration and improvement of the methods of microsurgery will make it possible to map out the prospects in the treatment of cerebral circulatory disorders. PMID- 716748 TI - [Occipital foramen in pathology of the osteoarticular apparatus of the craniovertebral region and in normal subjects]. AB - Clinical and X-ray examination of the occipital foramen in healthy individuals and in persons with various congenital and acquired lesions in this region showed, on the one hand, a wide variety of shapes of the foramen in normal conditions and, on the other, the direct dependence of neurologic disorders on the degree of changes in the position of the occipital foramen, its constriction and deformity of its edges. Marked bone changes call for emergency decompression of the compressed or dislocated bulbospinal parts of the central nervous system, the nerves and vessels. PMID- 716749 TI - [Teaching the basics of neurosurgery in a medical institute]. PMID- 716750 TI - [Solitary abscess in the region of the pons varolii]. AB - An abscess in the region of pons varolii in a male 69 years of age with the erythrodermic form of mycosis fungoides is described. It is presumed that the source of the purulent infection were small skin excoriations from scratches due to excruciating skin itch. Long-term cytostatic and immunodepressant therapy promoted generalization of the infection and formation of the cerebral abscess. PMID- 716751 TI - [Neurosurgical services in the Polish People's Republic]. PMID- 716752 TI - [Clinical features of traumatic intracranial hematomas in children]. PMID- 716753 TI - Codon-specific serine transfer ribonucleic acid synthesis in avian liver during vitellogenin induction. AB - The relative rates of synthesis of two major tRNASer species in rooster liver were simultaneously assessed during induction by estradiol-17beta of the synthesis of a serine-rich phosphoprotein, vitellogenin. The relative rates of tRNA synthesis were determined by a double-label method in which nonspecific effects of the hormone were avoided. Isotope ratios of highly purified tRNASer species were measured following an in vivo labeling procedure which included a 7 day labeling period with [5-3H]orotic acid prior to, and a 6 h labeling with [6 14C]orotic acid from 42 h after the hormone injection. tRNASer (AGU,C) and tRNASer (UCU,C,A) were extensively purified by chromatography on benzoylated DEAE cellulose in the presence and absence of Mg2+. In three separate labeling experiments the rate of tRNASer (UCU,C,A) synthesis was slightly but not significantly increased relative to the rate of tRNASer (AGU,C) synthesis during the period when vitellogenin was synthesized at a constant rate and the level of tRNASer continued to rise. The results suggest that mechanisms other than a differential rate of transcription are involved in the regulation of tRNASer levels in avian liver during vitellogenin induction. PMID- 716754 TI - Carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons studied by SIMCA pattern recognition. PMID- 716755 TI - Determination of thiamine and its phosphate esters by electrophoresis and fluorometry. PMID- 716756 TI - The absolute configuration of the cactus alkaloid (-)-calipamine. PMID- 716757 TI - Animal carotenoids. 16. tunaxanthin. PMID- 716758 TI - Serum protein binding of drugs. PMID- 716759 TI - Extra testicular factors in male infertility. PMID- 716761 TI - [Value of TM echocardiography in clinical cardiology of adults (1st part)]. PMID- 716760 TI - [Colchicine poisoning and respiratory distress in adults]. PMID- 716762 TI - Antibody-coated bacteria in urine and serum antibodies in urinary tract infections in children: their value and their interest. PMID- 716763 TI - Incidence of tubular acidosis in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 716764 TI - On the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 716765 TI - Long-term application of intermittent urethral catheterization to the neurogenic bladder of diabetes mellitus. AB - Two case reports are presented of patients who utilized long-term intermittent urethral catheterization as a primary management of diabetic neurogenic bladder. The results indicate fewer complications than with a continuous indwelling Foley catheter. Further, only two urinary tract infections occurred during 39 months of patients utilization. No renal or vesical lithiasis occurred. One patient had a remission and went on drug therapy alone. The other patient may use this technique indefinitely. PMID- 716766 TI - Insulin and metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in rabbits. AB - The effect of insulin on the concentration of different glycosaminoglycan (CG) fractions was different in different segments of aorta. Chondroitin sulphate A and heparin were increased in the aortic arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta, while chondroitin sulphate B and C were increased only in the aortic arch and abdominal aorta. Heparin sulphate and hyalutonic acid were increased only in the abdominal aorta. In the liver, significant increases occurred in all GG fractions. All enzymes studied which are involved in the biosynthesis of GG precursors, i.e. glucosaminphosphate isomerase, UDP glucose dehydrogenase and glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, were increased in the animals of the insulin group, while all enzymes involved in the degradation of GG, i.e. hyalurono glucosidase, beta-glucosaminidase, arylsulphatase, and cathepsin D, were decreased. Concentration of hepatic PAPS, activity of the sulphate activiting system and sulphotransferase increased on administration of insulin. PMID- 716767 TI - Prognostic value of fluorescein angiography of the funds in diabetic children. AB - A positive fluorescein angiographic (FLAG) finding is a frequent occurrence in ophthalmoscopically negative cases. By repeated FLAG examinations good follow-up of the variability of the finding is possible. After 4--8 years of diabetes, ophthalmoscopically diagnosable retinopathy is to be expected in the patients in whom the initial FLAG examination showed signs of angiopathy. PMID- 716768 TI - Usefulness of serum lipid determination in diabetic practice. AB - In order to evaluate the importance of measuring serum lipids in the current care of diabetics, blood triglycerides were measured in 155 diabetics and 59 controls. Comparison with a chemical method confirmed the usefulness of the nephelometric method for the diagnosis and control of hyperlipemia in current practice. The importance of measuring serum lipids was confirmed by a close correlation between lipemia and cardiovascular complications such as coronary insufficiency, high blood pressure, and peripheral arterial insufficiency. It appeared also that glycemia and cholesterol are not sufficient to assess the biological pattern and prognosis of diabetes. Thus, lipemia is an essential parameter in the evaluation of any diabetic because of its value regarding prognosis and control therapy. PMID- 716769 TI - The fatty acid pattern of triglycerides in liver, adipose tissue and serum of diabetics with hyperlipoproteinemia before and during clofibrate treatment. AB - In 20 diabetic inpatients with type IIb, III, IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia (HPL) the triglyceride fatty acid pattern (TFAP) of serum, adipose tissue and liver biopsy specimens before and after one year of clofibrate treatment has been determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Compared to previous results which revealed a correlation between fat droplet size and the TFAP in liver parenchyma cells, remarkable changes were observed after long-term therapy. In adipose tissue, only linoleic acid increased significantly from 8.6 to 11.3%. In serum, myristic and palmitic acid decreased, whereas linoleic, eicosatetraenoic (arachidonic) and eicosapentaenoic acid rose significantly. In liver fat, palmitic acid decreased, whereas linoleic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly increased. After clofibrate therapy, the TFAP in diabetic subjects with HLP became similar to that of diabetics without HLP. The most pronounced changes were found in the liver, serum having an intermediate position between liver and adipose tissue. The pathophysiological relevance in view of possible relations to prostaglandins has been discussed. PMID- 716771 TI - Lack of influence of arginine preloading on the insulin response to I.V. glucagon in children and adolescents. AB - Nine normal children (6 males and 3 females) aged from 7 1/2 to 14 1/2 years underwent a 30-min arginine infusion (0.5 g/kg) followed at 90 min by one bolus i.v. glucagon injection (0.03 mg/kg). On a separate occasion the same children underwent an i.v. glucagon only test. No significant difference was found when the glucose and insulin responses in the two glucagon tests were compared, in contrast to previous findings that preloading with glucose resulted in a significantly increased response of insulin to glucagon. PMID- 716772 TI - The Snell-dwarfmouse. I. General growth pattern, before and during growth hormone and thyroxine therapy. AB - In order to obtain more insight in the general growth pattern of the Snell-mouse growth in length and weight of normal and dwarf Snell-mice before and during treatment with human growth hormone (hGH), porcine growth hormone (pGH) and L thyroxine (T4) were studied. In normal mice the length velocity has a peak at 1 1/2 week of age and diminishes gradually therafter. In contrast the weight velocity peaks at 4 1/2 week. These differences result in a biphasic pattern of the length/weight relationship. Dwarfmice exhibit marked growth retardation at 2 weeks of age and growth arrest at 4 weeks. From birth on a marked difference in length velocity is observed, compared to the normals. This contrasts with the weight velocity, which discriminates at a later age (2-3 weeks). In the dwarfmice dose and age dependent growth occurred with all tested hormones. A combination of pGH and T4 shows a growth response which is equal to the sum of the effects of the hormones given separately. Doubling the dose of pGH after 12 weeks of treatment did not much influence the growth curve. However, addition of T4 induced a small but definite further height increment. PMID- 716770 TI - Exploration of the early insulin response by two small successive loads of I.V. glucose in normal and obese subjects. AB - Two 5 g glucose loads at 1-h interval were given to healthy controls and obese subjects with slightly altered or normal OGTT in order to explore the capacity of restoration of the "rapid insulin response" to i.v. glucose. In the normal subjects, the two successive loads gave rise to identical responses as far as maximum increase (delta max), average increase at 2-5 min (delta 2-5 min), area of increase 0-15 min (delta 0-15 min) for both glucose and IRI, were concerned. Obese subjects could be divided on the basis of their insulin response to the first load into normal responders (group I) and high-responders (group II). In group I obese subjects, the responses to the second load were identical to those to the first. In group II obese subjects delta max, delta 2-5 min and delta 0-15 min of the insulin response to the second load were reduced as compared to the first. PMID- 716773 TI - The Snell-dwarfmouse. II. Sulphate and thymidine incorporation in costal cartilage and somatomedin levels before and during growth hormone and thyroxine therapy. AB - Costal cartilage activity ([35S]sulphate and [3H]thymidine incorporation) and somatomedin (SM) activity in normal Snell-mice and dwarfmice before and during treatment with human growth hormone (hGH), porcine growth hormone (pGH) and L thyroxine (T4) were studied, in order to obtain more insight in the interrelationship of these parameters with growth velocity. In normal mice endogenous (21 h incubation in medium with label) and plasma stimulated cartilage activity (21 h pre-incubation in medium, 48 h incubation with 20% human plasma, supplemented for the last 24 h with label) slows down immediately after birth, whereas the length velocity has a peak at 1 1/2 week of age and diminishes gradually thereafter. The endogenous activity of dwarfmice between the ages of 7 and 17 weeks is comparable with 3 weeks old normals, however plasma stimulated activity is much higher indicating a discrepancy between growth capacity of the cartilage and chronological age. Cartilage of dwarfmice recognizes growth hormone dependent differences in human plasma. The SM content of mouse serum using homologous cartilage turned out to be low for dwarfs, reaching subnormal values during hGH treatment. Three days after initiation of treatment with hGH endogenous sulphate and thymidine incorporation in costal cartilage is increased compared to saline treated dwarfmice. The effect is age-dependent and a combination of GH and T4 shows an effect equal to the sum of the effects of hormones given separately. After treatment for 5 weeks with hGH no differences between treated and untreated animals could be observed anymore, although the length velocity did not change throughout the 10 weeks of treatment. A difference of the cartilage sensitivity to human plasma between hGH treated and untreated mice is noted one week after treatment and a small difference remains after 5 weeks of treatment. PMID- 716774 TI - Circadian and 30 minutes variations in serum TSH and thyroid hormones in normal subjects. AB - Ten normal young males were investigated in order to examine diurnal and short term variations in serum TSH and serum thyroid hormones. In five subjects blood samples were obtained every 30 min during a 24 h period of daily life. A synchronous diurnal rhythm was found for free T3 and serum TSH with low levels in the day-time and higher levels at night. The mean increase from day to night was 15 and 140 per cent, respectively. There was a tendency to a similar rhythm in free T4, but the increase of 7 per cent fell short of statistical significance. In the other five men blood samples were obtained every 5 min in a 6 to 7 h period starting within the interval from 19.15 to 22.00 h. A significant regular variation with a cycle-length of half an hour was found in TSH, free T3 and free T4. This rhythm accounted for a significant part of the total variation in the levels of TSH, free T3 and free T4. The mean amplitude of the short-term variation is 13, 15 and 11 per cent of the mean level of the respective hormones. The data suggest a pulsatile release of hormones from the thyroid gland governed by a pulsatile TSH secretion. PMID- 716775 TI - Influence of thiazides on thyroid parameters in man. AB - Iodine metabolism and thyroid hormones in blood were studied in 19 men and 11 women who had been treated with thiazides for arterial hypertension from 1 month to 15 years. The results were compared with the findings from age-matched normal controls. No differences were found regarding 24-h 131I-thyroid uptake, thyroid iodide clearance, renal iodide clearance, plasma inorganic iodide, absolute iodine uptake (AIU), serum thyroxine (T4 (D)), resin T3 test (T3U) and TSH after TRH. Twenty-four-hour urinary iodine was higher in the patients treated with diuretics which could be explained by increased iodine intake. The findings of increased serum triiodothyronine (T3 (RIA)) and reverse T3 (rT3) might be due to changes in distribution volume in the thiazide-treated patients. Long-term treatment with thiazides in man do not lead to iodine depletion. PMID- 716776 TI - Correlation of reverse-T3 and 3,3'-T2 (T2') plasma concentrations under physiological and experimental conditions in man. AB - T2' plasma levels are measured under different conditions and correlated to the repective rT3 concentrations. Specific RIAs for T2' and rT3 are used. Pharmacological doses of T3 cause an increase of plasma T2'; if T3 or T4 doses are administered to an athyroid patient which cause a similar level of plasma T3 the increase of T2' is much larger during T4 treatment. Cord blood levels of T2' are 2--3-fold higher than in normal adults whereas rT3 concentrations are about 10 times higher than normal. After birth rT3 and T2' levels decrease in about a parallel manner. After a bolus iv injection of 500 microgram rT3, T2' starts to increase as early as 2 min after injection. PTU in therapeutic doses causes a rapid increase of plasma rT3 with a maximum 4 h after ingestion. A dose of 150 mg PTU causes a maximum of about 100% above baseline. T2' also increases but to a lesser degree (about 50% above baseline). We conclude that rT3 is a most important precursor of T2' whereas T3 contributes only to a minor degree to the total T2' production under physiological conditions. PMID- 716777 TI - The effect of lithium on the peripheral turnover of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. AB - The effect of litium on the peripheral turnover of T4 and T3 was investigated in 14 euthyroid subjects using lymphocytes as target cells. Lithium caused a dose dependent rise in T4 turnover, which did not lead to increased T3 production, but no rise in T3 turnover. A further 3 patients with lithium induced hypothyroidism were studied. Patients with high T4 turnover had high TSH values and in these patients lithium induced a decrease in T4 turnover. This may lead to the conclusion that the demonstrated effect of lithium in the control group did not cause the low T4 in these patients. In 2 patients defective T4 degradation was demonstrated. PMID- 716778 TI - Cholinergic influences on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity of stressed rats: an approach utilizing agonists and antagonists. AB - Cholinergic involvement in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) system of male rats was evaluated using muscarinic (atropine and methacholine) and nicotine (mecamylamine and nicotine) agents, which were selected for their specificity on cholinergic receptors (ChR). They were administered either intracerebroventricularly (icv) to produce central effects, or ip to produce both central and peripheral effects, prior to subjecting the animals to either auditory or hypercapnic stress for 1 h. Plasma corticosterone was used as an index of HPA activity. The results suggest that central muscarinic ChR are involved in inhibiting HPA activity in both non-stressed and stressed animals, whereas central nicotinic ChR are excitatory during stress but inactive in the non-stressed state. Stimulation of peripheral nicotinic ChR appeared to potentiate the HPA response to hypercapnia, and to inhibit the central excitatory nicotinic ChR when the latter were activated in non-stressed and auditory stress rats. These data suggest that during auditory stress the HPA system is more dependent upon the cholinergic system for its activation than during non-stressed and hypercapnic states. PMID- 716779 TI - Hormonal and ultrastructural observations in a case of resistant ovary syndrome. AB - This report describes in detail the hormonal and ultrastructural findings in a 21 year old woman with secondary amenorrhoea, who fulfilled all the criteria necessary to establish the diagnosis of resistant ovary syndrome. Ovarian biopsies revealed numerous primordial and primary follicles, which both by light and electron microscopy showed a normal morphology. Nevertheless, the follicles could not be stimulated neither by large doses of human gonadotrophins alone nor by simultaneous administration of cortisone acetate and large doses of human gonadotrophins. The association of a decreased target cell response with increased levels of serum FSH and LH might be explained in different ways. The presence of an inhibitor preventing the normal action of gonadotrophins could not be substantiated, because we did not detect any circulating gonadotrophin antibodies. Furthermore the serum prolactin level was normal. PMID- 716780 TI - Secretion of the androgens in the male guinea-pig during the perinatal period. AB - Plasma and testicular testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone concentrations have been estimated by radioimmunoassay in the male foetus and newborn guinea-pigs between day 62 of pregnancy to day 12 of post-natal life. The prenatal period is characterized by low plasma androgen levels and high testosterone and androstenedione testicular content. After birth there is a peak of plasma testosterone concentration on day 3 concomitant with a release of testicular androgens; no similar increase of androstenedione or DHT is observed in plasmaa. This peak in plasma testosterone is testis dependent because it disappears after castration; it is also light dependent at birth. The investigations on testosterone and androstenedione peripheral metabolism have shown that day 3 after parturition is a "critical period" in the evolution of the metabolic clearance rate, the production rate and the conversion rate of these two androgens. The neonatal increase in plasm testosterone may be accounted for by the variations in these metabolic parameters and may have an influence upon certain sexual target organs, especially upon the vas deferens, the androgens content of which increases during the same "critical period". PMID- 716781 TI - Developmental patterns of plasma and testicular testosterone in mice from birth to adulthood. AB - Male mice were raised in cohabitation with females from birth to 90 days. Testosterone was measured every 10 days in plasma and testes. Sex difference in body weight was related to the pre-pubertal increase of testosterone levels in males. The weight of the seminal vesicle was positively correlated with circulating testosterone levels between 1 and 40 days but not between 50 and 90 days. Testosterone concentrations in the plasma and testes were high at birth: 630 pg/ml and 58.0 +/- 17.7 ng/100 mg; they subsequently decreased during the first days of life and remained low until day 20:240 +/- 110 pg/ml and 0.1 +/- 0.03 ng/100 mg. The testosterone levels then increased rapidly between days 20 and 30 and especially between 30 and 40 reaching their maxima: 5770 +/- 1720 pg/ml and 123.7 +/- 18.3 ng/100 mg testis. This increase was transitory and testosterone levels fell after day 40. By 90 days, the testosterone levels, 440 +/- 65 pg/ml and 43.2 +/- 5.5 ng/100 mg testis, were comparable to those measured at birth. Plasma testosterone and age were positively correlated between 1 and 40 days, and negatively between 50 and 90 days. The first fertile matings occurred at age 40 days. PMID- 716782 TI - A quantitative study on feedback control of LH by testosterone in young adult and old male rats. AB - The hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis was studied in young adult (3 month old) and old (24 to 27 month old) male Wistar rats. Plasma testosterone decreased significantly in old animals (x: 262 hg/100 ml (n = 35); versus x: 110 ng/100 ml (n =30). The fall in LH was less pronounced but still significant (54.5 ng LH-RP 1/ml in young versus 39.5 ng/ml in old rats). Groups of 6 to 8 animals of both ages were castrated and implanted with silastic capsules continuously releasing testosterone. The length of the capsules was directly proportional to the plasma testosterone levels achieved (range between 63 and 350 ng/100 ml). After one week young castrated rats not substituted with testosterone showed LH values three times higher (x: 351 ng/ml) than old rats treated in the same way (x = 126 ng/ml). LH values in the animals substituted with testosterone indicate that the sensitivity of the negative testosterone-LH feedback is greatly increased in old rats. Testosterone can be depressed to 60 ng/100 ml before an increase in LH occurs. In young rats no increase in LH was observed when testosterone values were higher than 170 ng/100 ml. In the range between 170 and 100 ng/100 ml about half of the young animals reacted with increased LH secretion, while an increase was observed in all young animals when testosterone dropped below 100 ng/100 ml. PMID- 716783 TI - Erythroid colony formation in vitro in bone marrow cells of polycythemia vera. PMID- 716784 TI - A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant--clinical and biochemical study. PMID- 716785 TI - A colorimetric method for the specific determination of methemoglobin reductase activity in red blood cells. PMID- 716786 TI - Purification of basophilic leucocytes from peripheral blood. PMID- 716787 TI - Studies on monocyte function in congenital neutropenia. PMID- 716788 TI - Enzyme activities in neutrophils and mononuclear cells obtained from healthy young adults and a patient with cyclic neutropenia. PMID- 716789 TI - Amyloid fibril protein AA of large size resembling SAA. PMID- 716790 TI - A simple and rapid purification method of urokinase using a [Nalpha-(epsilon aminocaproyl)-DL-homoarginine hexylester]-sepharose column. PMID- 716791 TI - The platelet functions in acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and a trial of prevention for thrombosis by antiplatelet agent. PMID- 716792 TI - Effects of dextran sulfate on platelet aggregation in rabbits. PMID- 716793 TI - Electron microscopical observation of myosinoid filament in human neutrophil. PMID- 716794 TI - [Mononuclear peripheral blood cells in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma synthesizing DNA in vitro]. AB - In 82 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHC) the DNA synthesis by mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood was assessed by means of the index of mitoses (IM) or by pulse labelling of cells with 3H-TdR. In chronic lymphatic leukaemia (47 cases), hairy-cell leukemia (1 case), plasma-cell leukaemia (1 case) no synthesis of DNA was found in mononuclear cells. On the other hand, it was raised in most cases of lymphoplasmocytoma, centrocytoma, centroblasto-centrocytoma, centroblastoma and in lymphoblastic leukaemia or lymphoma. PMID- 716796 TI - [Somatometrical studies on the period variation of the physique of north Ryukyu islanders (author's transl)]. PMID- 716795 TI - [Rare erythrocyte phenotypes imitating weak variant of antigen A]. AB - Two phenotypes with defect of sialic acid in the cell membrane of erythrocytes due to some unknown factor, imitating the weak variant of antigen A are reported. One of them found in a healthy candidate for blood donation was called Tn. The second one associated with thrombocytopenia and anaemia differed from all as yet classified ones in that it had simultaneously increased expression of antigen H and lack of reaction with Dolichos biflorus lectin. For demonstrating the diagnostic difficulties differentiation against the weak variant of antigen A approaching A3 is described. PMID- 716798 TI - [Anatomical studies on the structure of joints of the foot in south Kyushu Japanese. I) The movements at the ankle joint and intertarsal joints (author's transl)]. PMID- 716797 TI - [Physical anthropological studies on inhabitants in central region main Okinawa (author's transl)]. PMID- 716799 TI - [Anatomical studies on the structure of joints of the foot in south Kyushu Japanese. II) Ligaments of the ankle joint and intertarsal joints (author's transl)]. PMID- 716800 TI - [Anatomical studies on the structure of joints of the foot in the south Kyushu Japanese. III) On the motor control function of ligaments of the ankle joint and intertarsal joints (author's transl)]. PMID- 716802 TI - [Studies on the vectorcardiogram in ventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 716801 TI - [A case of lipoma in sigmoidal colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 716803 TI - [Chronic inflammatory reaction and periodontitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 716805 TI - [Effects of K-373 (prazepam) on electroencephalogram and pressor response to hypothalamic stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 716804 TI - [Relationship between chronic schistosomiasis japonica and carcinoma in the large intestine.--Studies on 12 cases of adenocarcinoma of large intestine associated with eggs of Schistosoma japonicum (author's transl)]. PMID- 716806 TI - [Reactivity with nucleic acid of selfsynthesized omega, omega'-diguanylspermidine -3HCl (DGSD) and spermidine 3HCl (author's transl)]. PMID- 716807 TI - [Effect of omega,omega'-diguanylspermidine 3HCl (DGSD) and spermidine 3HCl on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 716808 TI - [Screening test of tumor potency of chemicals against sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 716809 TI - Light and electron microscopy of the cattle esophageal gland. PMID- 716810 TI - Light and electron microscopy of the cat pharyngeal gland. PMID- 716811 TI - Light and electron microscopy of the rabbit pharyngeal gland. PMID- 716812 TI - [Studies on the culture of human cancer cells--establishment of human rectal cancer cell lines and their production of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 716813 TI - [Open heart surgery without blood transfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 716814 TI - Council on Nurse Anesthesia Practice policy statement on regional anesthesia. PMID- 716815 TI - Conduction anesthesia of the lower extremity--a technique and literature review. PMID- 716816 TI - A survey of nurse anesthesia educational programs/schools: 1977. PMID- 716817 TI - Choosing a vasopressor for the pregnant patient. PMID- 716818 TI - Anesthesia and the porphyrias. AB - The porphyrias are a result of disordered heme metabolism. The sequelae are related to the accumulation of precursors and/or their metabolism. Induced drug metabolism can lead to acute attacks and may result in fatalities. Careful selection of intravenous agents, absolute avoidance of barbiturates, and use of inhalation agents can enable the anesthetist to administer safe anesthesia to these endangered patients. PMID- 716820 TI - A primer on reading research. PMID- 716819 TI - Ulceration of the nasal ala and dorsum secondary to improper support of the nasoendotracheal tube. PMID- 716821 TI - The strange case of informed consent and the standard of care. PMID- 716822 TI - IMV: updated. PMID- 716823 TI - On the use of selected bronchodilators in the asthmatic and non-asthmatic patient. PMID- 716824 TI - Delirium tremens in a patient under anesthesia. PMID- 716825 TI - Is hospital medical staff membership in your future? A little crystal ball gazing... PMID- 716826 TI - OR RF--the second factor. PMID- 716827 TI - Liver function chemistries after enflurane and narcotic-N20 anesthesia. PMID- 716828 TI - Detection of collateral circulation of the palmar arcade: comparison of results with use of the Doplette-10, the modified Allen's test and finger photo plethysmography. PMID- 716829 TI - Pyloric stenosis: its anesthetic management and a case study. PMID- 716830 TI - Subglottic stenosis: a case report and discussion. PMID- 716831 TI - A prescription for what ails you. PMID- 716832 TI - [Ventriculo-cardiac derivation in late complications of hemispherectomy (author's transl)]. AB - After briefly stating the circumstances in which hemispherectomy is indicated the authors review the possible complications of the operation on the basis of available literature. Two cases are described, one with autopsy findings and the other with CAT scan data which revealed extreme dilatation of the remaining ventricle and led to the installation of a ventriculo-cardiac derivation; this case progressed favourably. The author concludes that this type of complication could be detected rapidly by CAT scanning, with no risk to the patient. Ventriculo-cardiac derivation could prevent further complications. Hemispherectomized patients must undoubtedly be monitored closely by regular clinical examinations, EEGs and CAT scanning. PMID- 716833 TI - [Peripheral facial paralysis and post-antirabies-vaccination polyneuroradiculitis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of facial diplegia with albuminocytologic dissociation of cerebrospinal fluid after antirabies vaccination prompts the author to attempt a retrospective study of post-antirabies-vaccination neuropathies, with facial or extensive involvement. Fifty-seven cases are considered. Irrespective of vaccine type, certain clinical similarities emerge, notably the age of occurrence (adult), the early onset of the paralysis (during vaccine therapy or in the following week), and the prognosis (good survival rate, severity of functional impairment varying with extent of involvement). The author attributes the main pathogenic role to the peripheral myelinic basic protein contained in varying proportions in conventional vaccines, the corollary being that such accidents should disappear completely with the new vaccination based on tissue culture material. A therapy programme comprising the discontinuation of vaccine therapy and administration of corticoids is proposed. PMID- 716834 TI - Bismuth encephalopathy. A clinical and anatomo-pathological report of one case. AB - A fatal case of toxic encephalopathy due to ingestion of bismuth salts is reported in a twenty year old female patient. The clinical features were characterized by a confusional state, ataxia, myoclonic jerks, and epileptic seizures. Despite supportive therapy and administration of chelating agents, there was an irreversible evolution towards coma. The immediate cause of death was an intercurrent septicaemia. The anatomo-pathological study showed non specific anoxic lesions including a widespread loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Despite a drastic decrease of bismuth levels in blood, the concentration of bismuth in visceral organs and different parts of the central nervous system remained very high. PMID- 716835 TI - Sphenoidal electrodes: their use and value in the electroencephalographic investigation of complex partial epilepsy. AB - The diagnostic value of sphenoidal electrode EEG recordings in patients with seizures characteristic for epilepsy with complex partial symptomatology was assessed in a study comprising 404 patients; 71.3% of the patients had seizures with automatisms and amnesia, and 28.7% had psychic seizures with subjective phenomena such as hallucinations and illusions. A total of 59.6% of the patients had diagnostic EEG changes in routine waking or sleep EEG. In sphenoidal EEG recording including thiopenthone activation, diagnostic changes were found in 40.5% of the patients without specific changes in waking or sleep EEG, the chance of a positive finding being more than five times higher in patients with automatisms than patients with psychic seizures. Apart from cases where surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy is considered, sphenoidal electrode EEG recording, including intravenous thiopenthone activation, should be performed in patients with seizure phenomena raising suspicion of epilepsy with complex partial symptomatology but where waking and sleep EEGs fail to demonstrate specific abnormalities. PMID- 716836 TI - Correction of the biochemical effects of neonatal hypothyroidism by daily low doses of thyroxine. Comparative effects of hyperthyroidism and these corrections. AB - The purpose of the present communication was to study the corrective effects of low daily thyroxine doses, on the cerebellum biochemical maturation in propylthiouracile (PTU)-treated rats during the early postnatal life. The corrected hypothyroid animals were compared to the normal, hypo- and hyperthyroid ones. The protein, RNA and DNA cerebellar contents were evaluated at 6, 10, 14, 18 and 35 days old animals. At all ages hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism decreased cerebellar protein, RNA and DNA contents, except in 35-day-old hyperthyroid animals, where DNA content returned to normal level. In these two experimental groups, protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios were higher than those of controls at 10 days and lower at 35 days. In hypothyroid animals treated by corrective doses of T4, cerebellar protein, RNA and DNA contents and DNA concentration were not different from hyperthyroid animal values at all stages, while protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios were higher than those of hyperthyroid animals. Administration of physiological doses of T4 to hypothyroid animals led to the same effects as higher doses in normal animals. Thus, neonatal hypothyroidism seems to lower the sensitivity threshold of the cerebellum to thyroid hormone effects. PMID- 716837 TI - Clinical picture of multiple sclerosis with late onset. AB - A group of 47 patients (multiple sclerosis (M.S.) diagnosed according to Schumacher's criteria) with age at onset over 40 years, was studied by statistical analysis and compared with a control group (100 M.S. patients with onset between ages 18 and 38). The following features appear peculiar in this group: --the most frequent initial symptoms are motor disturbances --the onset is generally monosymptomatic --the course is generally progressive and more severe than that of controls, as seen by Kurtzke's Disability Scale, relapse rate, interval between first and second attack --the course is more severe when the onset is progressive and characterized by motor disturbances. PMID- 716838 TI - Spinal components of the cerebral somatosensory evoked response in normal man: the "S wave". AB - Responses evoked over the scalp and the neck by median nerve (or finger I) stimulation were concurrently recorded in 10 subjects. It was found that the first component of the cortical SEP consists of a small amplitude polyphasic wave (S wave) which could be recorded bilaterally upon unilateral stimulation. The polarity of the S wave varied according to the reference electrode position, at variance with the P15 component which remained constantly positive. It is therefore correct to assume that different generators are responsible for these two potentials. The synchrony between the S wave and the cervical response, which is largely spinal in origin, as well as some pertinent experimental data, suggest that the S wave is a far field reflection of activity generated mainly in the cervical dorsal columns. These findings might be relevant to the diagnosis of neurological disorders. PMID- 716839 TI - Experimentally induced focal microgyria and status verrucosus deformis in rats- pathogenesis and interrelation. Histological and autoradiographical study. PMID- 716840 TI - Scanning electron microscopy (s.e.m.) of biopsy specimens of ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms. AB - Surgical specimens of 4 intracranial saccular aneurysms were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The internal surface of the aneurysms showed crater-like defects and cytoplasmic bridges. In some areas the endothelium was preserved, but its longitudinal convolutions were higher and thicker than those found in unchanged areas. On the damaged endothelial surface there was an increased number of blood cells. The adventitia resembled that of a normal cerebral artery. In conclusion the alterations observed are similar to those found in atherosclerosis and are most likely due to the high wear and tear provoked by the blood streaming into the aneurysm. The results of this study are in agreement with the findings of a companion transmission electron microscopy study and emphasize the importance of degenerative changes on the development and rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms. PMID- 716841 TI - Supratentorial recurrences of gliomas. Tissue culture studies with astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. PMID- 716842 TI - Electron microprobe study of calcifications in human brain tumors. AB - Preliminary electron microprobe studies of a small number of meningiomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastoma multiformae, craniopharyngiomas, and metastatic epithelioma of the breast suggest that the elemental composition of the deposits associated with these tumors is characteristic for each type of tumor. PMID- 716844 TI - Frequency of surface microprojections and coated vesicles with increased malignancy in human astrocytic neoplasms. AB - Surface membrane microprojections and coated vesicles of a well differentiated (Kernohan-Sayre grade I) cerebral fibrillary astrocytoma were compared with those of anaplastic astrocytic (grade IV, glioblastoma) cerebral tumors. Both phenomena increase with increased malignancy. This provides further evidence for membrane alterations with malignant change in human astrocytic cells. It is the first comparison of fibrillary astrocytoma surface phenomena with those of more malignant astrocytic tumors of the cerebrum. PMID- 716843 TI - Cadmium induced endothelial cell alterations in the fetal brain from prenatal exposure. AB - Pregnant rats received a single administration of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg of cadmium on day 18 or 20 or gestation. Maternal animals were killed on day 21 and samples of the caudate nucleus from fetal brains were examined using the transmission electron microscope. A 2.0 mg/kg dose of cadmium administered to maternal rats on day 20 of gestation caused the formation of vacuoles in the endothelial cells of capillaries in the fetal brain. Significant endothelial cell vacuolization was not observed in the brain of fetuses from other treatment groups. The vacuoles occurred singly, were spherical in shape, were located adjacent to the intercellular junctions and caused focal distortion of the endothelial cell. Vacuoles were the only ultrastructural alteration observed in the caudate nucleus of fetal brains. PMID- 716845 TI - Lymphocytes within glial cells ("emperipolesis") in a case of a granular cell tumor. AB - A case of a combined neurofibroma - granular cell tumor of the left middle cranial fossa with infiltration of the temporal lobe and expansion into the orbit is presented. The granular cell tumor shows big fibrillary astrocytes in its peripheral zone. Even in the tumor-free brain tissue adjacent to the tumor plenty of these obviously reactively proliferated astrocytes are found. Furthermore, lymphocytes within the cytoplasm of such astrocytes ("emperipolesis") strike the eye. Neither the lymphocytes nor the astrocytes show signs of damage. A review of the literature and the theories concerning the phenomenon of emperipolesis are given. The problem of its biological significance and the question whether emperipolesis is the result of invasion of engulfment must remain unsolved. PMID- 716846 TI - Spontaneous lower motor neuron disease in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). AB - Spontaneous neurologic disease was observed in 6 to 8-week-old rabbits. Both males and females from several different litters were affected but all were sired by the same male. Clinically, the disease was characterized initially by posterior weakness and incoordination which progressed to tetraplegia within 3--4 weeks. With light microscopy there was neuronal degeneration and loss within the ventral horns of the spinal cord and brain stem and type-II fiber atrophy of skeletal muscles. Ultrastructurally the neuronal degeneration was characterized by accumulations of 100 A neurofilaments within the perikaryon. These findings are compared to diseases with neurofibrillary accumulation in animals and man. PMID- 716847 TI - [Calculation irradiation during a complete radiologic examination of stress urinary incontinence by the technic used in the Maternal Residency of Francisco Franco Health City of Barcelona]. PMID- 716848 TI - [Effect of the premature rupture of the ovular membrane on the cardiotocogram during labor]. PMID- 716849 TI - [Various clinical aspects of prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 716850 TI - [Evaluation of 203 vaginal hysterectomies]. PMID- 716851 TI - [Sacropexia (Huguier's technic): review of 33 cases]. PMID- 716852 TI - [Cesarean hysterectomy]. PMID- 716853 TI - [How many cesarean sections are needed to decrease perinatal mortality?]. PMID- 716854 TI - The efferent innervation in the region of inner hair cells in the organ of Corti. AB - The efferent innervation of the inner hair cells in Corti's organ of the laboratory rat and of a bat was investigated with help of histochemical staining of the inner spiral bundle. The area of acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres in the inner spiral bundle regions was measured. The bulk of the efferent fibres lie in the middle part of the cochlea. Towards the apical and lower basal turns a distinct decrease in the number of fibres was observed. PMID- 716855 TI - Mechanical properties of basilar membrane. AB - A fresh basilar membrane has different mechanical properties in the radial and in the longitudinal directions. When pressure with a needle is exerted on the basilar membrane, a narrow radially oriented strip is deflected. The form of the deflection can be deduced from the pathological consequences of the acoustic trauma as well. The observed anisotrophy is a property of the vital membrane and is disturbed by chemical and physical influences and is lost post mortem. The post-mortem changes can explain the results obtained by von Bekesy which differ from ours. The physiological meaning of the mechanical properties of the basilar membrane is discussed here. PMID- 716856 TI - Reduction of the endocochlear potential by the new "loop" diuretic, bumetanide. AB - The effect of bumetanide upon the endocochlear potential (EP) was examined in 46 guinea pigs. The EP was reduced with dosages of 5 mg/kg or more. The maximum depression of the EP (reduction to -30 to -40 mV) was obtained at a dosage of 30 mg/kg. The recovery of the potential was incomplete at any dosage within three hours and the response pattern of the EP to bumetanide was similar to that to ethacrynic acid. The present experiments revealed that bumetanide, by weight, has a stronger ototoxic potency than the other "loop" diuretics--furosemide and ethacrynic acid. However, the diuretic effect of 1 mg bumetanide is equivalent to 40 to 60 mg furosemide or ethacrynic acid. Therefore, the relative ototoxic potency of bumetanide is much smaller suggesting that from a clinical standpoint bumetanide is much safer than the other "loop" diuretics. PMID- 716857 TI - The development of hair cells in the embryonic chick's basilar papilla. AB - During the 7th to 21st (hatching) days, hair cells of the embeyonic chick transform from an undifferentiated epithelium into cylindrically-shaped tall hair cells (THCs), pitcher-shaped short hair cells (SHCs), or intermediate hair cells that share structural characteristics of the first two. By the 11th day hair cell types are unambiguous. "Hairs" (stereocilia and a kinocilium) were first identified on the 7th day and resembled the adult pattern the 13th. The nucleus occupies relatively less volume as hair cells increase in size, becoming positioned centrally in THCs and basally in SHCs. Nucleoli, which are prominent throughout development, remain conspicuous even in newly hatched chicks. The cuticular cone begins to form the 11th day. By the 10th day, sensory nerve endings synapse on the bases of the HCs, which by the 11th day develop synaptic bars. Although efferent neurites were in evidence as early as the 11th day, synaptic contacts and their cisterns were identified by the 19th day but may form earlier. Supporting cells transform from cylindrically to flask-shaped cells with constricted necks and may secrete at least a portion of the tectorial membrane. PMID- 716858 TI - CSF total protein: normal values. A re-appraisal and discussion of its value in diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. AB - A reference material of total cerebrospinal fluid protein (CSF protein) from 53 men and 45 women is presented. Lowry's Folin-phenol method for determining CSF protein has been used unchanged in this laboratory since 1964, with normal values ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 g/l. In this new reference material higher values were found with the 0.05--0.95 fractile interval for normal CSF protein determined to 0.29--0.88 g/l. This implies that the value of determining CSF protein in diagnosis of acoustic neuromas is most questionable. Among the medium sized tumours there were statistically significant increased values, but no clinical significance. The large tumours showed both statistically as well as clinically significant increased protein, but these tumours can be easily diagnosed by other means. A more detailed determination of CSF protein is discussed. PMID- 716859 TI - Evoked potential correlates of genetic progressive hearing loss. Age-related changes from the ear to the inferior colliculus of C57BL/6 and CBA/J mice. AB - Volume-conducted auditory evoked potentials were simultaneously measured from the level of the ear to the inferior colliculus of mice. The C57BL/6 mouse, which displays genetic sensorineural progressive hearing loss, was compared with the CBA/J mouse. At 50 days post partum, amplitudes of the summating potential (SP) and cochlear microphonic (CM) were lower in the C57BL/6 genotype, and they decreased progressively with age. Fifty days later, changes were seen in responses from the auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus of this mouse. By 200 days of age, the C57BL/6 had a "recruitment" pattern at CNS regions, but not at the auditory nerve. PMID- 716860 TI - Single-cell layer membrane covering the degenerated cochlear duct after perilymphatic perfusion of streptomycin. AB - Ultrastructural changes of the extrasensory epithelium in the scala media of guinea pig cochleae were observed from 3 to 137 days after perilymphatic perfusion with 20% streptomycin. The degeneration started in the organ of Corti, progressed to the interdental cells and roots of the outer sulcus cells and finally involved other epithelial cells such as Claudius and the inner and outer sulcus cells. In the final stage, except for the stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane, all epithelial cells which lined the cochlear duct were replaced by a single-cell layer membrane which originated medianly from the epithelial cells of Reissner's membrane and laterally from the superficial outer sulcus cells. PMID- 716861 TI - A test battery approach to the investigation of susceptibility to temporary threshold shift. AB - This study examined individual differences among various psychophysical measures that have been suggested previously as predictors of susceptibility to noise induced temporary threshold shift (TTS). The test battery was administered to a group of five normal-hearing young adults and consisted of the following procedures: (1) critical intensity (CI) at 2 kHz; (2) loudness discomfort level (LDL) at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz; (3) aural overload thresholds at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz. Three measures of TTS, one employing a broad-band noise as the exposure stimulus and two others using tonal fatiguers, were utilized to assess susceptibility to TTS. Results revealed that the test battery delineated tough from tender ears. Furthermore, the aural overload test was found to be a highly accurate predictor of TTS. PMID- 716862 TI - Combined effects of noise and neomycin. Cochlear changes in the guinea pig. AB - Cochlear damage resulting from the combination of neomycin with acoustic overstimulation was investigated in guinea pigs. Four groups of animals received subcutaneous injections and exposure to broad band noise daily for 7 days, as follows: I. Neomycin (200 mg/kg) followed by 10 hours of noise at 115 dB SPL; II. Saline followed by 115 dB noise: III. Neomycin followed by low intensity noise (45 dB as an acoustic control); or IV. Saline followed by 45 dB noise. After a 30 day stabilization period, each ear was examined electrophysiologically and histologically. Measures of cochlear integrity included AC cochlear potentials from 100 Hz through 20 kHz as well as outer hair cell (OHC) counts. A marked interaction leading to augmentation of damage was found when neomycin was combined with 115 dB noise (Group I). Losses in cochlear sensitivity, averaged across all frequencies, amounted to 62 dB in Group I, whereas the averaged losses for Groups II and III were only 16 dB and 17 dB respectively. Loss of OHC's was close to 100% in Group I, while OHC losses were only 17% in Group II and 26% in Group III. PMID- 716863 TI - Patulous Eustachian tube. Diagnostic evaluation by sonotubometry. AB - Twenty-five patients (31 ears) with pathologically patent Eustachian tubes are presented and the symptoms are analysed. All the ears were examined by sonotubometry and two different opening patterns could be separated for the patulous tube. The variations in impedance of the ear during respiration were recorded from nearly all ears and three ears with eardrum perforation were also investigated by means of the airpressure equalization method. Only sonotubometry brought out clearly the patulous Eustachian tube in all the ears examined. It is thus a useful addition for diagnosing the abnormal patency of the Eustachian tube and for following up the results of its treatment, then the explanation of the cure does not remain open to conjecture. PMID- 716864 TI - Tubal closing failure in retraction type cholesteatoma and adhesive middle ear lesions. PMID- 716865 TI - The effects of experimentally-produced middle ear lesions on tympanometry in cats. AB - Tympanometry was performed before and after producing specific lesions in the middle ears of cats. The lesions selected for study included stapes fixation, ossicular discontinuity, and scarred tympanic membranes. Stapes fixation resulted in marked increases in middle ear impedance, easily detected with tympanometry. Ossicular discontinuity resulted in complex tympanometric shapes which were easily accounted for by simple interactions between acoustic resistance and reactance. The complex shapes that occurred in normal and abnormal ears with pressure changing from negative to positive resulted from more complicated interactions. Large surgical incisions in the posterior-superior quadrant of the eardrum were quite visible at otoscopy but could not be detected tympanometrically one month after surgery. PMID- 716866 TI - Nasal cancer associated with occupational exposure to organic dust. PMID- 716867 TI - The central rhythm of the nasal cycle. AB - The resistance to air flow of each nasal passage was recorded in 2 subjects over a period of 7 days. The cyclical changes in nasal resistance observed were very regular, with a consistent pattern apparent over the period of study. The regular changes in nasal resistance recorded under laboratory conditions may be directly related to changes in activity of an autonomic centre in the brain. PMID- 716868 TI - Transcutaneous Po2 monitoring in neonatal intensive care. AB - The transcutaneous Po2 monitoring technique was applied in 20 newborns. The method proved reliable during hypoxemia, normoxemia and hyperoxemia, with a high correlation between Ptco2 and Pao2 in simultaneously obtained arterial samples. Although Ptco2 reliably reflects changes in Pao2, occasional arterial samples are still required for establishing the relationship between Ptco2 and Pao2, especially in patients with impaired circulation. When this relationship has been determined, the therapist may rely on the recorded Ptco2 level for hours, given that the energy supply required to maintain the electrode at a preset temperature level remains constant. A considerable difference between Ptco2 and Pao2 or a change in the energy supply level to the electrode may alert the therapist to check the patient's circulatory status. The Ptco2 technique is now fully developed and can be recommended for use in neonatal intensive care. PMID- 716869 TI - Possible effects of kanamycin and incubation in newborn children with low birth weight. AB - In an acoustico-vestibular follow-up investigation of 91 four- to six-year-old children with birth weight below 2000 g, the same incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (19%) was found in 54 children treated with kanamycin in the neonatal period as in a group of 37 infants not treated with kanamycin. When comparing a group of children treated with both kanamycin and incubator (54 children) with a group treated with incubator only (16 children), no definite signs of synergism between incubator noise and kanamycin were found. However, the 5 cases of moderate or severe hearing loss all belonged to the group treated with both incubator and kanamycin. These 5 children had more severe neonatal complications, especially apnea, cyanotic spells and hyperbilirubinemia, which may increase the severity of the hearing loss. Among 56 incubator treated children with normal hearing (ISO standards) 52% had an audiogram pattern suggesting minor noise-provoked cochlear lesions. Among 18 non-incubator treated children with normal hearing only one child (6%) had a similar pattern. It should be stressed, however, that these children had no clinical symptoms of hearing loss. PMID- 716870 TI - Allergy, otitis media and serum immunoglobulins after adenoidectomy. AB - The incidence of atopic disease and of episodes of otitis media, respiratory tract infections as well as levels of serum immunoglobulins were followed during 16 months after adenoidectomy in a consecutive group of 274 children. The total incidence of atopic disease was high (23.6%) at the start of the study and increased further to 39.0% during the study. Increased serum IgE levels, positive RAST tests and/or positive provocation tests were found before the onset of atopic symptoms in 13 out of the 19 children developing such symptoms during the observation period. Otitis media continued to occur in 42.9% of the children. The incidence of episodes of otitis media after the adenoidectomy was higher with lower age, a high number of episodes of otitis media before the operation and/or a history of atropic disease. None of the laboratory tests could predict subsequent episodes of otitis media. Protracted respiratory tract infections developed only in children with laboratory findings indicative of atopy. Serum IgE and IgM levels decreased significantly. No serious infections and no dysgammaglobulinaemias developed. Adenoidectomy seems to be a rather minor trauma from an immunological point of view, but further and controlled studies are needed concerning the possible clinical benefit of adenoidectomy in children with recurrent otitis media. PMID- 716871 TI - Bacterial meningitis in childhood in an African city. Factors influencing aetiology and outcome. AB - In a retrospective study of 120 children aged 1 month and above with bacterial meningitis confirmed by positive CSF culture, 88.4% were found to be due to three common organisms: H. influenzae, Str. pneumoniae and N. meinigitidis. Gram negative enteric organisms accounted for 10% of the infections. Despite intensive antibiotic and ancillary therapy, there has been no significant change in case fatality and sequelae over the past decade in this institution. The present study confirms that factors related to the organism and the host are important in determining the outcome of therapy. H. influenzae and Str. pneumoniae infections are associated with statistically significant rise in case fatality rate and neurologic sequelae at the end of therapy. The presence of neurological abnormality at the time of diagnosis significantly increases case fatality rate while delay in diagnosis appears to primarily influence the frequency of neurological sequelae. Protein-energy malnutrition increases the frequency of neurological sequelae and death from bacterial meningitis without significantly influencing the pattern of bacterial aetiology. The finding of enteric Gram negative meningitis in association with diarrhoeal disease in the present study adds a new dimension to one of the most prevalent health problems in developing countries and needs to be confirmed. PMID- 716872 TI - Empyema in children in tropics. AB - Thirty-six cases of empyema were diagnosed in children over a two year period, giving an overall incidence of 0.11% of the total hospital admissions. Many of them had measles bronchopneumonia and most were malnourished. 16 children had penicillin resistant staphylococcal infection. 29 of them were treated with closed tube drainage. Thirteen died during the course of treatment, the majority within three days of admission. The rest were followed up over a period of up to six months and showed good recovery. Six of these patients developed pneumothorax during the course of treatment. Various combinations of Ampicillin, Cloxacillin, Gentamycin and Cotrimoxazole parenterally were used. Supportive treatment with blood transfusion was found to be beneficial. PMID- 716873 TI - Evaluation of three spirometers on healthy children. AB - Two electronic spirometers (Drager Spirotron and Monaghan M403) and one wedge bellows spirometer (Vitalograph) were compared with a Bernstein spirometer. Healthy children, 30 girls and 31 boys, were investigated. The regression lines of VC and FEV1.0 in relation to the body height to the third power are very close and the S.D. values around the lines are very similar. The correlation coefficients of the regression lines are high for all the spirometers. An analysis of the paired differences showed slight differences of the mean values. The S.D. of paired differences was for VC 4.6--6.6% and for FEV1.0 4.8--6.2%. The PEFR values obtained by the two electronic spirometers deviated substantially and highly significantly from the values obtained by the Wright peak flow meter. PMID- 716874 TI - Serum ferritin in assessment of iron nutrition in healthy infants. AB - We followed up 238 infants on 7 occasions during their first year of life. The diets of the infants were systematically either supplemented or not supplemented with iron. Developmental changes in serum ferritin were determined from a group with adequate intake of iron and without evidence of iron deficiency by three laboratory criteria: hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and transferrin saturation. The data indicate that the average level of serum ferritin correlates well with iron nutrition within groups of infants since the developmental changes are in accordance with the known changes in storage iron, the level of serum ferritin correlates with iron intake, and low ferritin levels are associated with lower transferrin saturation. The usefulness of serum ferritin as the sole criterion of iron deficiency in individual infants is limited, suggesting the use of more than one indicator to refine the diagnosis of iron deficiency without anemia. PMID- 716875 TI - Somatomedin in newborns and the relationship to human chorionic somatotropin and fetal growth. AB - The significance of somatomedin A (SM) and human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) in fetal growth was examined. SM, determined by chick embryo assay, was studied during the last trimester of pregnancy, in maternal serum and cord blood at term and in a group of normal newborns in the first week of life. Furthermore a group newborns of diabetic mothers was studied in the first or second day of life. HCS was measured in maternal serum and in cord blood at term. In amniotic fluid inhibitory factors caused a low SM activity as measured by the bioassay. The following results were obtained: 1) Normal values of SM in the last trimester with a decline at term were found in 3 normal primigravidae. 2) The mean levels of SM in 22 mothers and their offspring were decreased. The difference between the two values was significant, but a positive correlation was found between the maternally related pairs of SM values. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between maternal SM, birth weight and length. HCS was not correlated to above mentioned parameters, but there was positive correlation between placental weight and birth weight. 3) In 6 newborns during the first 5 days SM rose from very low values to normal values found in infants in their first year. 4) The mean value of SM in ten newborns of diabetic mothers was not significantly different from the mean value of control group. The results do not exclude the possibility of a transplacental transport of SM and the positive correlation between SM levels and birth weight found in this investigation supports the concept that SM plays an important role in fetal growth. PMID- 716876 TI - Observations on intrauterine growth in urban Ethiopia. AB - A total of 3144 deliveries comprising a wide range of socio-economic groups in Addis Abeba were investigated. A positive correlation was found between family income and birth weight, with a difference of nearly 500 g between the extremes of socio-economic classes. A seasonal variation in mean birth weight was also observed. The mean length of gestation was 7.4 days shorter, and the anthropometric measures at birth were significantly lower in the Ethiopian infants as compared with the Swedish norm. The median weight and length development in relation to gestational age in the Ethiopian newborns was similar to the Swedish standard up to approximately 34--35 weeks of gestation. After that time there was very little further intrauterine growth in Ethiopian infants. The possible reasons for the observed pattern of growth are discussed. PMID- 716877 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome following the use of thiabendazole. PMID- 716878 TI - Abetalipoproteinemia treated with parenteral and oral vitamins A and E, and with medium chain triglycerides. AB - An 11-year-old girl with abetalipoproteinemia was treated with parenteral vitamin A and vitamin E for two and a half years. Some improvement in neurological and visual deficits was noted. On changing to oral vitamin E and later with addition of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) to the diet, a considerable improvement in her general wellbeing, neuromuscular lesions and ophthalmological symptoms was noted. This regimen is being adhered to for five and a half years. The condition is stable with no further improvement. PMID- 716879 TI - [The 9-year-old child. Clinical and epidemiological study]. PMID- 716880 TI - Fluorescence and electron microscopic studies on the perivascular mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts after vitamin A administration. AB - Findings of perivascular mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts in mice receiving large doses of vitamin A were described. Liver, lung, intestine and skin were investigated by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Marked increase of fluorescence of vitamin A was observed in the sinusoidal wall of the liver, in the alveolar septa of the lungs, in the propria mucosa, submucosa and muscular layer of the intestine and in the dermis of the abdominal skin. Increased fluorescence of these organs corresponded, ultrastructually, to the appearance of numerous fat droplets in Ito cells of the liver, septal cells of the lung and fibroblasts of the intestine and of the skin. All of these cells showed the same morphological features and the same distribution in the tissue, namely in the interstitial connective tissue space. These findings indicate that vitamin A storing cells are distributed widely in the connective tissue of various organs and that perivascular vitamin A storing mesenchymal cells and interstitial fibroblasts are probably of common fibroblastic cell line. PMID- 716881 TI - Age-associated changes in microvasculature of human adult testis. AB - Age-associated architectural changes of the human testicular microvasculature from 70 autopsy cases were stereoscopically examined with a silicone-rubber injection technique. In the testis of a young subject, the interlobular main arteries run straight. The coiling phenomena of the interlobular centripetal or centrifugal arteries, which are commonly seen in adult testis, have been so far considered as physiological transformation of the vasculature. It was confirmed that the coiling changes in the interlobular main arteries of the human testis appear as an age-dependent alteration of the vasculature closely related to the volume of the gland. The practical importance of the spirallin or coiling of arteries is that it results in a considerable reduction of blood flow. The age related coiling of the interlobular arteries is virtually accompanied by varying degrees of collapse of the peritubular capillary networks. The reduction of blood supply to the seminiferous tubules plays an active role in promoting aging of the testis. These stereoscopical observations of age-related transfiguration of testicular microvasculature were ascertained also by histometrical examinations. PMID- 716882 TI - Mitotic structure of aortic intimal cells induced by mechanical injury in swine. AB - Repair processes of the aortic wall have been studied electron microscopically after removal of the endothelium by an inflated balloon procedure in the thoracic aortae of swine. Initial responses after injury included a thrombotic reaction, the appearance of intimal cells over the denuded surface, and increased mitotic activity of medial cells adjacent to the dead cells by day 3. Cells which engaged in intimal thickening were classified as modified smooth muscle cells throughout the course of this investigation. Mitosis of intimal cells, which was initially observed at day 3, substantially increased at day 7 and decreased by day 14. Mitotic intimal cells contained the same cytoplasmic organelles as interphase modified smooth muscle cells. A detailed description of the paired cisternae as an ultrastructural feature of cell division of modified smooth muscle cells was provided. The paired cisternae were initially observed among the remnants of the nuclear envelope in late prophase; they remained at the periphery of the mitotic apparatus in meta- and anaphase, and finally attached themselves to the nuclear envelope of the daughter cells in late telophase. PMID- 716883 TI - A pathological study of prolonged cases of Minamata disease. With particular reference to 83 autopsy cses. AB - This study consists of 83 autopsy cases including 64 prolonged cases of Minamata disease. Lesions were severe in the prolonged cases with an acute onset, while they tended to be mild in those with chronic onset. Cerebral cortex showed loss of nerve cells in many of the former, with the cortex often being in a loosening or spongy state, while the thinning-out or decrease of neurons not exceeding 30% of all cells was frequent in the latter. Glial reaction was also intense in the former, but relatively weak in the latter; gradual loss of degenerative neurons without glial reaction was not rare. A given selectivity was found in the localization of lesions of the cerebral cortex, but it was not so conspicuous in those with a chronic onset as in those with an acute onset. Secondary changes corresponding to the lesions of the cortex appeared in the medulla. Cerebellar lesions in the chronic onset cases, as compared with those in the acute onset ones, were milder. The selectively localized area was diminished; the nodulus, uvula and lingula of the vermis and the medial surface of the semilunar lobules were the most likely to be damaged. Of the spinal peripheral nerves, damages to the spinal sensory nerve were found, which were more predominant than those to the motor nerve system, and in which was noted prominent regeneration and repair. The deposited mercury found in organs tended to remain in the nervous system and the kidneys during the prolonged course of this disease, and the prolonged accumulation of mercury in the nervous system appeared to have an influence on the pathogenesis of chronic Minamata disease. PMID- 716884 TI - An autopsy case of Menkes kinky hair disease. AB - An autopsy cases of Menkes kinky hair disease in a 1 year and 8 months old male infant is presented and compared with the morphological findings of the previous literatures. The main pathological changes are atrophy of the whole cerebellar cortex and bilateral temporal lobe, atrophy with demyelination of the white matter, tortuous running of the cerebral arteries, multiple diverticulosis of the urinary bladder and hyaline-like deposition in the gastric submucosa. Microscopically, the peculiar degenerative change of Purkinje cell (somal sprout) is the only characteristic lesion in our case and the others. It is suggested that Menkes kinky hair disease may be a syndrome due to metabolic disturbance appearing not only in ectoderm such as the central nervous system, but also in mesoderm such as connective tissue and bone. PMID- 716885 TI - Cardiovascular amyloidosis with giant cell reaction.--Two autopsy cases. AB - Two autopsy cases, a 77-year-old man and a 66-year-old woman, of cardiovascular amyloidosis with many giant cells were reported. These cells were always found adjacent to amyloid masses which were deposited mainly in small arteries and arterioles, and some of them contained amyloid substance in their cytoplasms. The incidence of these cells was high in the heart and in the kidneys of both cases, and in the latter case the cells were found in the majority of the organs varying in degree. The significance of the giant cells, which probably originated from macrophages, were discussed and that giant cells might appear as a foreign body reaction to amyloid substance was presumed. PMID- 716886 TI - Cancer of gallbladder with severe thrombocytosis. AB - An autopsy case of severe thrombocytosis associated with cancer of gallbladder is described as the first case in the literature. A 78-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with abnormal hepatic functions on August 6, 1975. Laboratory examination revealed platelet count of 5,664,000/cu mm, anemia, leukocytosis and bilirubinemia. Jaundice was progressive and the patient died after a month. Severe thrombocytosis persisted throughout the course. Main autopsy findings were cancer of gallbladder with metastasis to the liver, fibrosis of spleen and purulent bronchopneumonia. A possible mechanism of unusually severe degree of thrombocytosis associated with the present case is discussed in light of the literature. PMID- 716887 TI - Ultrastructure of an anaplastic giant-cell carcinoma found 8 years after operation on a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Light and electron microscopic studies have been made on an anaplastic giant-cell tumor that developed in a woman 8 years after an operation on the thyroid for papillary carcinoma. Many giant cells were observed in the anaplastic tumor tissue, but no follicles. Numerous tightly-packed mitochondria and abundant ribosomes were present, but there were no desmosomes. The basement membrane was not distinct. PMID- 716888 TI - Reliability of histo-pathological diagnosis of squamous epithelial changes of the uterine cervix. AB - The reliability of histological diagnosis of squamous epithelial changes was tested by letting 13 pathologists read 1,001 consecutive cervical biopsies twice. Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement, variance, and deviation of diagnosis were determined. The diagnostic ability showed great individual variation and no significant correlation to experience in pathology. The diagnosis of invasive cancer had a high diagnostic specificity, and the diagnostic sensitivity of the diagnosis of no significant epithelial changes was high too. The reliability of the diagnosis of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ proved unsatisfactory. PMID- 716889 TI - Heart-autopsy findings in cases of sudden death. The distribution of infarctions, coronary stenosis and thrombi. AB - The pathological heart changes observed have been recorded at necropsy of 55 male and 31 female patients who died during transport to the hospital or in the casualty ward. The extension of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was determined by a staining method using nitro-BT, and the infarctions were classified as transmural, combined or subendocardial. A total of 45 AMI's were found, and this is a lower frequency than normally found in sudden unexpected deaths when only death certificates are studied. The most frequent infarction type was the subendocardial infarction, which was present in 60% of the AMI-cases. Coronary thrombi were seen in only 24% of the AMI-cases, most frequently together with transmural infarctions. PMID- 716890 TI - Megakaryocytes in pulmonary blood vessels. I. Incidence at autopsy, clinicopathological relations especially to disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 716891 TI - Megakaryocytes in pulmonary blood vessels. 2. Relations to malignant haematological diseases especially leukaemia. AB - In a study of 71 autopsies in patients with malignant haematological disorders (55 leukaemias and 16 multiple myelomas) we found an increased number of megakaryocytes in the lung capillaries in only one of 55 cases of leukaemia (43 acute and 12 chronic leukaemias) with a mean value of 3 megakaryocytes per cm2. The incidence of pulmonary megakaryocytes in 16 cases of multiple myeloma was identical to that in an unselected, consecutive series of hospital autopsies. The discrepancy between the increased megakaryocytopoiesis and previously reported high number of circulating megakaryocytes in chronic myeloid leukaemia, and the few megakaryocytes in the pulmonary blood vessels of histological sections of autopsy specimens is discussed. PMID- 716892 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical observations on serous ovarian cystadenomas. AB - One hundred and twelve serous ovarian cystadenomas (46 benign, 33 tumours of borderline malignancy and 33 malignant tumours) were investigated with histological and mucin histochemical methods. Electron microscopy was applied to 9 benign, 6 borderline and 5 malignant tumours. The epithelium of the benign serous cystadenomas contained ciliated and nonciliated columnar cells, which sometimes were edematous ("pale cells"), and smaller basal cells. The large Golgi apparatus with small secretory vesicles and occasional larger secretory granules was located in the apical cytoplasm. There were numerous pinocytotic vesicles at the basal plasma membrane. The extracellular mucin in the cystic lumen and the mucin on the apical epithelial border consisted of material with vic-glycols (1.2 hydroxyl groups) mixed with sulpho- and carboxymucin. With increasing degree of malignancy the number of ciliated cells diminished and were not found in the malignant epithelium. The number of nucleoli and the amount of carboxymucin with sialic acid residues increased with increasing degree of malignancy. However, there were no single consistent ultrastructural feature which could be considered as a reliable criterion for malignancy of these tumours in the absence of invasive growth. The findings support the view that serous ovarian cystadenomas are of coelomic origin. PMID- 716893 TI - Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. A quantitative glomerular investigation. AB - A light microscopical, quantitative glomerular examination was performed on renal biopsies from 14 patients with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. A significant increase of 58% (p less than 0.0025) in the total number of glomerular cells was found which was mainly due to an increase of endothelial cells (97%). Mesangial cells were, however, also increased (61%) and mesangial area was increased by 34% (p less than 0.05). Biopsies from patients with persisting proteinuria and/or hematuria revealed slight hypercellularity and an increase in mesangial area during the first six months of disease. The abnormalities in the acute phase of the disease could be so slight that they only would be disclosed by a quantitative investigation. PMID- 716894 TI - Urothelial hyperplasia of the urinary bladder of the rat induced by mechanical perforation and phenacetin treatment. AB - Mechanical perforation of the urinary bladder of Sprague-Dawley rats and subsequent administration of phenacetin in the diet induced urothelial hyperplasia in 11 of 12 rats. No pathological changes were found in the bladders of the control rats only submitted to mechanical perforation or phenacetin treatment only. The hyperplastic changes varied from mild focal urothelial hyperplasia after one week to severe focal and diffuse nodular and papillary hyperplasia after 3 weeks. PMID- 716895 TI - Ameloblastoma of the jaws. An analysis of a consecutive series of all cases reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry during 1958--1971. AB - All the 49 jaw ameloblastomas reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry during the period 1958--1971 were re-examined, using the histopathologic criteria of odontogenic tumors adopted by WHO. Thirty-one cases (63.6%) fulfilled the criteria of simple ameloblastoma, whereas 12 cases were found to be other benign lesions and 6 to be malignant tumors other than ameloblastoma. The relationship between simple ameloblastoma, malignant ameloblastoma and other epithelial jaw tumors is discussed. PMID- 716896 TI - "Small intestinal type" and "colonic type" intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach, and their relationship to the histogenetic types of gastric adenocarcinoma. AB - Intestinal metaplasia in the non-tumour bearing parts of the gastric mucosa was demonstrated in 24 cases in a material consisting of 27 consecutive patients operated for carcinoma of the stomach. Two mucin histochemical types of intestinal metaplasia could be identified. 1) "Small intestinal type" which was present in all 24 cases, and which was by far the most dominating type. 2) "Colonic type" which occurred in small foci in the gastric mucosa of 11 cases, and which was significantly more frequent in stomachs bearing tumours of presumed intestinal histogenesis, than in those bearing tumours of presumed non-intestinal histogenesis. PMID- 716897 TI - Primary amyloidosis of the ureter simulating malignancy. AB - A 61-year old woman with 7 years' history of pain, infections and haematuria developed right ureter stenosis which was suspected of being a tumour. Microscopic examination of the ureter with stenosis showed primary amyloidosis. Although primary amyloidosis of the ureter is rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of ureter malignancy. PMID- 716898 TI - The incidence and clinical relevance of chronic inflammation in the pancreas in autopsy material. AB - In 394 consecutive autopies, tissue from the body of the pancreas showed chronic inflammation in 52 cases (13%); 32 were mild, 11 moderate and 9 severe. Only two of these cases had the clinical diagnosis chronic pancreatitis. The incidence of inspissated plugs of protein in the ducts, dilated ducts and acinar ectasia was significantly higher when chronic inflammation was present. There was a significant higher incidence of chronic inflammation in the pancreas in patients with diabetes mellitus. No significant correlation was noted between chronic inflammation in the pancreas and cholelithiasis, previous cholecystectomy, peritonitis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, abdominal operations, ascites and liver metastases. PMID- 716899 TI - Lipomatosis of the pancreas in autopsy material and its relation to age and overweight. AB - Lipomatosis, regarded as deposition of fat cells in the pancreas, was investigated and graded into four groups in 394 consecutive autopsies. In all necropsies except one fat cells were present; gr. 1:51%, gr. 2:26%, gr. 3:15% and gr. 4:8%. Age as well as overweight was significantly correlated to the grade of lipomatosis. The number of necropsies with gr. 3--4 lipomatosis was significantly less in the group with long terminal illnes, indicating that the presence of fat cells in the pancreas is to some extent reversible. No evidence of pancreatic disease was mentioned in the clinical records of the patients with gr. 3--4 lipomatosis. PMID- 716900 TI - The juxtaglomerular apparatus in a human kidney with polar artery stenosis. AB - Juxtaglomerular apparatuses (JGA) of a human kidney with stenosis of a polar artery from a hypertensive 18-year-old male patient were studied qualitatively and quantitatively on 2 mu thick serial sections from plastic embedded renal tissue. 11 JGA from juxtamedullary and 9 JGA from subcapsular cortical zones were photographed serially, the copies taped together and the cells and relationships within the JGA studied. On the copies the lenght of contact between the different juxtaglomerular structures and the basement membrane of the macula densa was measured. Futhermore we calculated the areas of surface contact and the macula densa basal area. In the juxtamedullary JGA affected by the polar artery stenosis all Goormaghtigh cells were transformed into epitheloid cells and the Goormaghtigh cell field was significantly larger than in the JGA of the subcapsular cortex, which obviously had been exposed to the systemic hypertension. The macula densa basal area was significantly greater in the juxtamedullary JGA than in the subcapsular JGA, but neither of these differed significantly from the macula densa in the normal JGA reported previously. PMID- 716901 TI - Transthoracic aspiration biopsy. Occurrence of non-neoplastic cells in biopsies from malignant and non-malignant lesions. AB - In the search for a possible distinction between false and true negative biopsies, an analysis of the distribution of the non-neoplastic cells has been performed in 100 randomized transthoracic aspiration biopsies in so many histologically verified cases. Aspiration biopsies from malignant lesions often contain many giant cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and mast cells, but a significant differences was only found for the mast cells. A negative biopsy containing many inflammatory cells and mast cells and showing a pronounced degree of necrosis may represent a chronic obstructive pneumonitis, and such a finding should always prompt further investigation. PMID- 716902 TI - Transthoracic aspiration biopsy. The distribution of the non-neoplastic cells in aspiration biopsies from different types of malignant lung tumours. AB - In an earlier paper concerning classification of aspirated May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained malignant tumour cells from lung lesions, we found the sensitivity to be 80--95 per cent for adenocarcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas and small cell carcinomas. For epidermoid carcinomas the sensitivity was only 64 per cent. It was therefore found of interest to see if a registration of the non-neoplastic cells could be an aid in the cytological tumour cell classification. An analysis has been performed of the distribution of the non-neoplastic cells in 71 aspiration biopsies from six different types of malignant lung tumours. A variegated population of many and different types of infalmmatory cells, mast cells and alveolar epithelial cells was a characteristic finding in biopsies from neoplasms with an epidermoid differentiation. PMID- 716903 TI - Transthoracic aspiration biopsy. The occurrence and significance of alveolar epithelial cells. AB - Alveolar epithelial cells in pulmonary aspirates sometimes appear with a pronounced nuclear atypism which may give rise to diagnostic difficulties. An analysis has been performed of the occurrence and morphology of alveolar epithelial cells in a series of histologically-verified transthoracic aspiration biopsies not containing clear-cut malignant tumour cells. Alveolar epithelial cells, as well as atypism of these cells, are more often seen in biopsies from histologically malignant cases than in benigh cases. Their presence in a pulmonary aspirate may be due to a chronic obstruction atelectasis. In cases with tumour-like configuration of the alveolar epithelial cells, an open pulmonary biopsy is recommended, as it seems impossible to decide whether such findings represent a neoplastic or a reactive process. PMID- 716904 TI - Histochemical enzyme activity correlated to the structural segmentation of the proximal convoluted tubule in salt-depleted and salt-loaded rat kidneys. AB - In salt-depleted and salt-loaded rat kidneys a study was made of the structural segmentation of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the histochemical activity of non-specific acid and alkaline phosphatases and succinate dehydrogenase in the same segments. No quantitative structural or segmental alterations were observed, but significant changes in enzyme activity occured. These comprised: 1) A decrease in activity of acid phosphatase in segment 1 and the transitional zone in salt-depleted kidneys, and an increase in enzyme activity in segment 2 in salt-loaded kidneys. 2) a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity in segment 2 in both salt-depleted and salt-loaded kidneys and 3) a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity in segment 2 in salt depleted kidneys, and an increase in activity in the same segment in salt-loaded kidneys. Thus long-term variation in sodium intake are followed by segment correlated variations in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase in the PCT. PMID- 716905 TI - A retrospective histological study of 669 cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in clinical stage I. I. Histological classification, sex and age of the patients, localization of tumour and prognosis. AB - A selected series of 669 primary malignant melanomas of the skin, stage I, has been classified according to Clark's system into lentigo maligna melanoma (86), superficial spreading malignant melanoma (259), nodular malignant melanoma (194) and unclassifiable malignant melanoma (130). It was often difficult to distinguish between lentigo maligna melanoma and superficial spreading malignant melanoma, and sometimes also between this last type and nodular melanoma. There seem to be borderline cases between the respective types. The 10-year specific cumulative survival rate (approximately the cure rate) was 98.3% for the lentigo maligna melanomas, 78.6% for nodular malignant melanomas and 76.7% for the unclassifiable group of melanomas. The 5-year observed prognosis ofthe 3 main types is satisfactory compared with other investigations. As the prognosis of the 3 types of cutaneous malignant melanoma differs considerably the use of this classification is recommended. The number of unclassifiable cases is likely to be reduced in the routine work when several sections of each tumour are studied. PMID- 716906 TI - The classification of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. A prospective study of 60 cases using Clark's classification. AB - A series of 60 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas has been studied by serial block technique. The resulting 492 sections have been classified as junctional naevus with or without atypia and preinvasive or invasive malignant melanoma according to Clark (1967). No sections showed lentigo maligna (melanoma). The overall classification resultedin 49 superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 6 nodular malignant melanomas and 5 unclassifiable malignant melanomas. In 3 cases (5%) there was inconsistency between the classification of the central section and the overall classification of the tumour. Five theoretical growth patterns have been postulated ranging from thatof the pure superficial spreading malignant melanoma completely surrounded by a preinvasive area to the pure nodular malignant melanoma which completely lacks any such area. Borderline cases between these two types certainly seem to exist. Features such as intraepidermal Pagetoid growth of tumour cells, co-existence of a benign melanocytic component and histological changes indicating tumour regression have been discussed. It is recommended that at least 3 tissue blocks should be taken from all malignant melanomas up to 25 mm in diameter and more if the tumour is larger. PMID- 716907 TI - Pathology of mucinous ovarian cystadenomas. I. Argyrophil and argentaffin cells and epithelial mucosubstances. AB - The presence of argyrophil and argentaffin cells and epithelial mucosubstances was studied in 187 mucinous ovarian cystadenomas of varying malignancy. Sixty-two per cent of the benign tumours contained these cells. The corresponding figures for tumours of borderline malignancy and malignant tumours were 60 and 51, respectively. The epithelial cells of the mucinous cystadenomas characteristically contained periodic acid-Schiff reactive and diastase resistant secretory material, mixed with acid mucin which contained both sulphate and carboxyl groups. The amount of mucin diminished with increasing malignancy, as did the ratio of neutral to acid mucins. Mucin histochemistry in tumours with and without argyrophil cells in a given group of malignancy was similar, and the ages of the patients having those tumours did not differ significantly. PMID- 716908 TI - Pathology of mucinous ovarian cystadenomas. 2. Ultrastructural findings. AB - Fourteen mucinous ovarian cystadenomas of different grades of malignancy (7 benign, 4 borderline and 3 malignant) were investigated by electron microscopy. The main tumour cell type was a columnar mucous epithelial cell with short microvilli. With increasing grade of malignancy the shape and size of these cells became more irregular and the number of mucous granules in them decreased. Most of the mucous granules had a dense core and a less dense reticular component, which stained well with the periodic acid-silver methenamine (PASM) technique. Goblet cells with the usual ultrastructure were found rather frequently. The tumours in a given group of malignancy were relative similar to each other in their light and electron microscopic appearance. However, a number of tumours contained argyrophil and argentaffin cells in addition to the columnar and goblet cells. The findings of the present study support the view that the mucinous ovarian cystadenomas arise from the ovarian surface epithelium via a metaplastic process. PMID- 716909 TI - Observer variation in histologic classification of thyroid cancer. AB - Histologic slides of 696 cases of thyroid cancer reported to the national cancer registries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden were reviewed by 5 Nordic pathologists in order to determine the observer variation between the pathologists, as well as the reproducibility of the WHO classification of thyroid tumours. In 58% of the cases all observers agreed upon the diagnosis and in 82% at least three of them agreed. The observer disagreement was lowest for papillary carcinoma (7%) and highest for follicular carcinoma (27%). The corresponding figures for anaplastic and medullary carcinomas were 18% and 23%, respectively. The most common diverging diagnosis for cases finally interpreted as papillary carcinoma was follicular carcinoma, and for cases finally interpreted as follicular carcinoma, a benign thyroid lesion. The results of the present study clearly indicate the necessity of having all cases reviewed by the same pathologist or group of pathologists in order to obtain reliable results for comparative studies. PMID- 716910 TI - Cytoplasmic effects of X-irradiation on cultured cells in a nondividing stage. 3. Alterations in plasma membrane motility. AB - Cultured, density-dependent growth inhibited human glia cells were exposed to X radiation, generated by an 8-MeV linear accelerator, at a dose of 200 Gy. Phase contrast microscopy, time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy showed the irradiated cells to have increased ruffling activity of plasma membranes and enhanced macropinocytosis with a maximum approximately 24 hours after irradiation. "Atypical" central ruffles arising from the upper cell surface were demonstrated on some irradiated cells. The turnover of plasma membranes was supposed to be increased in the irradiated cells resulting in the formation of the observed branched, thread-like cells. The diminished cell surface area was believed to result from an unbalance between degradation and renewal of the plasma membranes in the irradiated cells. PMID- 716911 TI - Morphological features in non-cirrhotic livers from patients with chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus or adipositas. A comparative study. AB - Consecutive liver biopsies from alcoholic, diabetic and overweight patients are compared morphologically and in addition a comparison is made between groups with a combination of two or three of the above conditions. Both fatty change and morphological activity are greater in the groups with alcoholism, and this gives good reason to believe that the activity in the form of alcoholic hepatitis is the cause for the more common development of cirrhosis in alcoholic fatty liver than in fatty liver with other aetiology. PMID- 716912 TI - A retrospective histological study of 669 cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in clinical stage I. 2. The relation of cell type, pigmentation, atypia and mitotic count to histological type and prognosis. AB - A selected series of 669 primary malignant melanomas of the skin, stage I, was studied. The series includes 86 lentigo maligna melanomas, 259 superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 194 nodular malignant melanomas and 130 unclassifiable malignant melanomas. The tumour cell type was classified and the tumour cell pigmentation, the cellular atypia and the mitotic count was graded. The relation of these four tumour cell features to each other and to the tumour type was studied by X2tests. The prognostic value of these features in relation to the total series as well as to each tumour type was also examined. The most common features were mixed cellularity, little pigment, moderate atypia and low mitotic count. Most of these tumours were superficial spreading malignant melanomas. A good prognosis was related to spindle-shaped tumour cells, marked pigmentation, slight atypia and few mitoses. A bad prognosis was related to epithelioid tumour cells, little pigment, marked atypia and many mitoses. Variations of lentigo maligna melanoma tended to be more benign while variations of nodular malignant melanoma tended to be more malignant than the average. A superficial spreading malignant melanoma might vary in either direction. PMID- 716913 TI - A retrospective histological study of 669 cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in clinical stage I. 3. The relation between the tumour-associated lymphocyte infiltration and age and sex, tumour cell type, pigmentation, cellular atypia, mitotic count, depth of invasion, ulceration, tumour type and prognosis. AB - A selected series of 669 primary malignant melanoma of the skin, stage I, was studied. The series included 86 lentigo maligna melanomas, 259 superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 194 nodular malignant melanomas and 130 unclassifiable malignant melanomas. The adjacent lymphocyte infiltration was graded and its prognostic value and its relation to the sex and age of the patient, tumour cell type, pigmentation, cellular atypia, mitotic count, depth of dermal invasion, tumour type and ulceration was studied. There was no significant relationship between lymphocyte response and sex and age of the patient and the tumour cell type. There was a highly significant relationship between a dense lymphocyte infiltration and superficial tumour invasion as far as the papillary reticular interface in contrast to the weak response associated with deeper invasion. When only tumours with invasion of the papillary-reticular interface were considered, there was no significant relationship between lymphocyte infiltration and pigmentation, cellular atypia, mitotic count, tumour type and ulceration. At the same level of invasion there was no difference in prognosis in relation to the density of lymphocyte infiltration. Nodular malignant melanomas surrounded by a dense lymphocyte infiltration had a significantly worse prognosis than was associated with a simular lymphocyte response against the two other types of melanoma. PMID- 716914 TI - Microcalorimetric measurement of normal and adenovirus infected HeLa cells. AB - The use of a simple microcalorimetric technique for the study of HeLa cells and adenovirus infected HeLa cells has been investigated. The calorimetric curves obtained with these two cellular systems showed characteristic differences. It is concluded that the method can serve as a useful analytical technique for the monitoring of the overall metabolic activity of tissue cells attached to a solid support. PMID- 716915 TI - Immunochemical studies on Staphylococcus aureus plasma membrane. I. Isolation and chemical characterization. AB - Cytoplasma membrane and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were isolated from S. aureus Cowan I and analysed chemically. Pure membrane was obtained by using human IgG coupled to Sepharose, which then absorbed all cell wall fragments due to the interaction between IgG and protein A on the wall. LTA, shown to be a glucosylglycerol teichoic acid containing ester-linked alanine and pentadecanoic acid as the major fatty acid, was also present in the isolated membrane but only as a minor component. Other carbohydrate, protein and lipid components which were present as a chemical complex, dominated the membrane preparations. PMID- 716916 TI - In vitro effect of colchicine on neutrophil granulocyte locomotion. Assessment of the effect of colchicine on chemotaxis, chemokinesis and spontaneous motility, using a modified reversible Boyden chamber. AB - The effect of colchicine on human neutrophil granulocyte chemotaxis, chemokinesis and spontaneous motility was examined, using a modified reversible Boyden chamber. Colchicine was shown to inhibit the attraction of neutrophils to casein and to a bacterial chemotactic factor at concentrations as low as 10(-7) M. Experiments in which the absolute concentrations and the concentration gradients of the chemotactic agent were varied, revealed that colchicine inhibited chemokinesis rather than chemotaxis. The spontaneous motility measured in the absence of chemotactic agents was not inhibited by colchicine. Pre-incubation of the cells with a bacterial chematactic factor did not change the sensitivity of the cells to colchicine. It is concluded that the integrity of microtubule function is not necessary for the ability of the cells to discern a concentration gradient or to react to this with directional locomotion. Thus the inhibitory effect of colchicine on neutrophil granulocyte chemokinesis may not depend on its inhibition of microtubule function. It is suggested that colchicine may block the still unidentified membrane mechanism involved in the translation of the recognition signal into an appropriate locomotory cell response. PMID- 716917 TI - Observations on the ultrastructure of the sporocyst and the initiation of sporozoite formation in Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The ultrastructure of the immature sporocyst and the initiation of sporozoite formation in T. gondii was examined in oocysts which had been allowed to sporulate for 12 or 24 hours at 27 degrees C. The sporocyst was ellipsoidal in shape and possessed a two layered sporocyst wall. A nucleus, with associated Golgi bodies, was situated at either end of the organism. The cytoplasm of the sporocyst also contained a number of polysaccharide granules, lipid globules, mitochondria and a few strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Sporozoite formation was initiated by the appearance of two dense plaques at either end of the organism in the vicinity of a nucleus, adjacent to the limiting membrane of the organism. PMID- 716918 TI - Prevalence of non-cholera vibrios in cavum nasi and pharynx of ducks. AB - Investigations among ducks on ten different farms showed a high prevalence of Vibrio cholerae in cavum nasi and Pharynx after the ducks were admitted to the open field. In no case was Vibrio cholerae isolated from ducks which had never been outside the houses. At least six serovars were isolated, 0:54 being the most prevalent. All the strains isolated produced a distinctive cytotoxic effect in YI adrenal cells and caused fluid accumulation in rabbit gut loops. Migratory birds were incriminated as the source of initial contamination. PMID- 716919 TI - Statistical aspects of the treponemal counts in the TPI test. AB - A method of counting treponemes in randomly selected visual fields is described. It was found that Treponema pallidum is distributed as a Poisson distribution among the visual fields and also among samples drawn from the same suspension. Immobilized treponemes are binomally distributed among the total number of treponemes. Application of the parameters of the Poisson and the binomial distributions should be made in order to determine the dosage of T. pallidum in animal experimentation and to evaluate the outcome of the TPI test. Some statistical aspects of the investigation of treponemal survival are presented. PMID- 716921 TI - Experimental "Runde" virus infections in embryonated eggs and chickens. AB - Three-day-old chicks and 11-12 day embryonated eggs were inoculated with 100 BMLD50 (baby mouse lethal doses) of Runde virus. Chicks were infected subcutaneously and eggs in the allantoic or amniotic cavities, in the yolk sac, or on the chorioallantoic membrane. "Runde" virus produced viraemia and antibody responses in 3-day-old chicks. The virus multiplied only in the amniotic cavity of the embryonated eggs and was detected in the brains of the embryos from day 5 9 p.i. Out of five eggs left to hatch, two hatched on time, while in three unhatched eggs the chicks were alive but extremely weak. Virus was detected in the brains of all five chicks, and high antibody titres were found in the two which hatched. These two chicks had "epilepsy-like" attacks. The results suggested that one passage in chicks or eggs reduced the mouse pathogenicity of "Runde" virus. No antigenic difference between chick- and mouse-passaged virus could be demonstrated by gel precipitation. PMID- 716920 TI - Chlamydia psittaci infection in Danish cattle. AB - Intestinal tract infection by Chlamydia psittaci was demonstrated in one cattle herd by isolation from faecal specimens, using embryonated eggs. Such infections were observed in all animals younger than 12 months, in 60% of the heifers and in none of the adult cows. The presence of infection correlated (r=0.511) with the serum titre of compliment fixation antibodies against chlamydial antigen. Young calves, which were spontaneously infected with Chlamydia postnatally, developed ileitis and moderate interstitial pneumonia. The results of histological sections and isolation of the agent from tissue specimens indicated Chlamydia to be the cause of these conditions. The strain isolated (ROS DK/KVL 6/B3) was identified as C. psittaci. The morphology of the organism and it's pathogenicity in guinea pigs were studied. In embryonated eggs, a dose-response curve was demonstrated for the ROS strain, which differed in that respect from another member of this species tested, viz. EBA (59-795). PMID- 716922 TI - Effect of human leukocyte interferon on the permeability of the cytoplasma membrane of cultured cells. AB - The effect of human leukocyte interferon on the cytoplasma membrane of cultured homologous cells has been investigated. U-amnion cells were labelled with (1-14C) alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), a low-molecular-weight non-metabolizable amino acid. Following uptake, the AIB is released spontaneously from the cells. Treatment of cells with interferon reduced the AIB release. This effect was dosedependent, was neutralized by anti-interferon serum and was strongly reduced by trypsin treatment. PMID- 716923 TI - Determination of genome size and base ratio on deoxyribonucleic acid from mycobacteria. PMID- 716924 TI - Effect of halothane anaesthesia on secondary antibody response and mitogen induced lymphocyte transformation in the chicken. AB - The effect of a single halothane anaesthesia on the secondary antibody response and the lymphocyte response in vitro to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A(Con A) was studied. The antigens used were bovine serum albumin (BSA) and killed Brucella abortus organisms (Brucella). IgG and IgM antibodies against these antigens were quantified by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Lymphocyte transformation was studied by a whole blood micromethod. The chickens were anaesthetised for two hours with 2% v/v halothane. The halothane concentration of the blood was measured by gas chromatography at the end of the anaesthesia. Halothane anaesthesia had no effect on the secondary antibody response against BSA and Brucella. In contrast, it caused a significant decrease in the lymphocyte response to PHA and Con A. This suppression was transient, however, and full recovery of the lymphocyte function was observed by the first day after anaesthesia. PMID- 716925 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and electroimmunoassay of human IgG subclasses. AB - Human IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 in WHO pool 67/97, a normal serum pool, Cohn Fraction II and individual sera were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and electroimmunoassay in agarose with IgG subclass specific rabbit antisera. In these methods the fact that IgG subclasses differ in the electrophoretic field is utilized: IgG4 is located anodically, IgG3 cathodically, and IgG2 and IgG1 both anodically and cathodically. The mean, S.D. and range of serum IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 in 20 normal adults found by the electroimmunoassay were given and related to the amount in the WHO pool 67/97. The IgG subclasses values obtained by electroimmunoassay agreed with the values obtained by single radial diffusion. The reproducibility of double determinations (interplate variations) was 1.5--5.5 per cent. Repeated freezing, thawing and storage of the serum at room temperature did not influence quantitation of IgG subclasses. Cohn Fraction II was found to contain smaller amounts of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 than those found in the normal serum pools. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and electroimmunoassay also easily reveal failing quality of IgG subclass antisera. To obtain good antisera in rabbits against IgG subclasses immunization should be done with several myeloma proteins with different electrophoretic mobility within the same subclass. PMID- 716926 TI - Inhibitory and stimulatory effect of spleen cells from tumour bearing animals on the growth of syngeneic tumour cells. AB - When spleen cells from C3H mice inoculated with a primary spontaneously arisen C3H mammary carcinoma were added to tumour target cells of the same type in vitro, both an inhibitory and a stimulatory effect on target cell growth were seen, when compared with the effect of adding normal syngeneic spleen cells. The inhibitory effect was seen regularly when high concentrations of spleen cells were added, while there was a stimulatory effect when low concentrations were added to the tumour target cells. When transferring spleen cells from tumour bearing mice together with a tumour inoculum to groups of normal syngeneic recipients, the resultant tumour growth was enhanced, as compared with recipients given tumour plus normal spleen cells and those given tumour cells only. It was found that the spleen cells which caused the greastest enhancement in vitro caused the greatest inhibition in vitro. This relationship could be explained by assuming the occurrence in spleens of tumour bearers of a population of reactive cells which when added in high concentrations to tumour target cells in vitro cause inhibition, while they cause stimulation of tumour growth in vivo because of being transferred to recipients in relatively low concentrations. PMID- 716927 TI - Fcgamma receptors in human choroid plexus. AB - Crysotat sections of human choroid plexus adsorbed erythrocytes sensitized with IgG antibodies of human and rabbit origin. No adsorption occurred when the erythrocytes were sensitized with F(ab')2 or Facb fragments. The reaction was strongly inhibited by intact IgG and by Fc fragments and not inhibited by Facb and F(ab')2 or albumin. These properties are similar to those of corresponding receptors in human placenta. The presence of an Fcgamma receptor in choroid plexus may be of significance for the transfer of IgG from blood to cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 716928 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a mitogenic lectin from Lathyrus odoratus seeds. AB - A mitogenic lectin has been isolated from saline extract of Lathyrus odoratus seeds by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and subsequent chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and CM-Sepharose. The isolated lectin was almost homogeneous by SDS gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, but multiple bands were obtained on isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight, determined by gel filtration, was 37,000. Gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS gave a molecular weight of 19,000, thus suggesting that the lectin is a dimer. It agglutinated human erythrocytes of the different ABO groups equally well. Human lymphocytes were exposed to the lectin or PHA, and the incorporation of thymidine was measured. Compared with PHA, which stimulated maximally in the concentration range of 0.25- 1microgram/ml, the L. odoratus lectin had optimal activity at concentrations of 35 microgram/ml and higher. PMID- 716929 TI - Kinetics of locomotion of human granulocyte populations. AB - The locomotor kinetics of human granulocytes under gradient and non-gradient conditions were studied with the Boyden micropore filter method using casein as a stimulant. The in-filter distribution for 3 different incubation times, and one level counts for a wide range of incubation times were determined photographically. Under gradient ("chemotactic") conditions, the number of responsing granulocytes depended on the sharpness of the casein gradient, whereas the average migrational velocity of the population appeared to be constant. It was not possible, by comparison with a theoretical model, to demonstrate a directional migration towards increasing casein concentrations. The previously reported Gaussian distribution under non-gradient (chemokinetic) conditions, was confirmed. In these experiments the number of responding cells appeared to depend on the absolute casein concentration, while their average velocity seemed uninfluenced. PMID- 716930 TI - Fc gamma receptors and IgG associated with human malignant tumours. AB - Thirteen solid tumours were tested for Fc gamma receptors (FcR) using tissue sections and sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit antibodies as indicator cells. No alteration was found in FcR activity (FcRA) between untreated tissue and tissue homogenized for 2 min or less. More extensive homogenization abolished the FcRA. Tissues homogenized for 1 min were washed at 4C and eluted at 37, 45 and 56C. The FcRA was not altered after elution at 37 and 45C. However, elution at 56C abolished the activity indicating that the FcR were either eluted or destroyed. Tumours which showed a diffuse pattern of FcRA and no non-specifically bound IgG displayed an inverse relationship between the FcRA and the eluted IgG. Such relationship was not found with tumours containing non-specifically bound IgG. PMID- 716931 TI - [Theophylline liberation from matrix tablets with urea and table salt]. PMID- 716932 TI - [Spectrofluorometry for the determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics]. PMID- 716933 TI - [Microdetermination of Libexin in biological media. II. Fluorometric determination of Libexin]. PMID- 716934 TI - [Azidomorphine stability in solutions. I. Analytic methods for the control of disintegration]. PMID- 716935 TI - [The use of tetrabromophenolphthalein ethylester indicator-coloring in drug analysis. I. Analysis of TBPE]. PMID- 716936 TI - [Production and analysis of pharmacon-polymethacrylate containing granules]. PMID- 716937 TI - The adrenergic innervation of the urinary bladder in the cat and man in the normal state and after parasympathetic denervation. AB - The adrenergic innervation of the feline and human urinary bladder was studied with the histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp and Falck. In the normal bladder of both species the trigone area was densely innervated by thick and strongly green-fluorescent adrenergic terminals while the detrusor muscle contained a sparse innervation of very thin and weakly fluorescent nerve terminals. After parasympathetic denervation (lower motor neuron lesion in patients) the adrenergic innervation of the detrusor muscle was altered. In the cat, the first signs of altered adrenergic innervation were observed 6 weeks after parasympathetic denervation, when thick, strongly fluorescent adrenergic fibres appeared between and in the smooth muscle bundles. These fibres had the characteristics of growth cones and indicated an outgrowth of new adrenergic fibres into the detrusor muscle. Later on, the muscle bundles were densely innervated by thick and strongly fluorescent terminals, reminiscent of trigone terminals. In the patients with lower motor neuron lesions, thick, strongly fluorescent adrenergic terminals were seen in the detrusor. In both cat and man the appearance of this "new" type of adrenergic nerve terminal in the detrusor muscle coincided with the presence of alpha-adrenoceptor function (rather than the normal beta-adrenoceptor activity of the feline and human detrusor). PMID- 716938 TI - Aspects of present and future possibilities for intraluminal pressure recordings in the urogenital tract. AB - In this brief survey some aspects of present and future possibilities for intraluminal pressure recordings in the urogenital tract are considered. It is emphasized that present water-filled catheter-manometer systems are afflicted with several biotechnical disadvantages. Although the micro-transducers and centre-hole catheters seem to be superior to conventional pressure recording systems, they ought to be further improved. Feed-back pressure transducers, electronic compensation, and micro-manometers could be realistic alternatives for pressure recordings in the urogential tract in the future. Some results from pressure recordings obtained with different measuring systems are presented and discussed. PMID- 716939 TI - Cholinergic innervation of the human urethra and urinary bladder: a histochemical study and review of methodology. AB - The present work gives a survey of the various methods for the histochemical demonstration of cholinergic nervous structures. The theoretical background and the specificity and sensitivity of the various methods are compared. It is concluded that the histochemical localization of the cholinergic transmitter metabolizing enzyme acetylcholine esterase still probably is the best method, giving a fairly good reflection of the distribution of cholinergic nerves. In comparison with the Falck and Hillarp technique for the demonstration of adrenergic nerves this method is much less specific and sensitive. The present work describes a rich supply of cholinergic nerves in the human urethra and urinary bladder in comparison with the scanty adrenergic innervation. Various functional aspects of the cholinergic innervation are discussed. PMID- 716940 TI - The supraspinal control of the urinary bladder. PMID- 716941 TI - Effect of colchicine on drug absorption from the rat small intestine in situ and in vitro. AB - The effect of colchicine (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally on two successive days) on the absorption of isoniazid, quinidine and sulphafurazole (sulfisoxazole) from the rat small intestine was studied in situ and in vitro. Colchicine produced two different types of histological damage in the small intestine, one with degenerative and the other with regenerative changes predominating. The small intestinal surface area was variably reduced. The colchicine-treated rats were lethargic and hypothermic as compared to controls. Colchicine retarded the disappearance of fluid and all three drugs from the small intestinal lumen in situ 2 days after the first colchicine injection. In vitro the total amounts of fluid and drugs passed through the intestinal wall were not significantly changed by colchicine, although there was a slight tendency towards an increased absorption of quinidine. Hence, colchicine as an antimitotic drug decreases drug absorption from the rat small intestine in situ, apparently due to the decreased surface area of the small intestine, the decreased water flux through the intestinal wall, the retarded intestinal motility and hypothermia of the rats. In vitro the changes are small, which makes the in vitro tests less suitable for studying the effect of colchicine on absorption. PMID- 716942 TI - Increased penetration of barbital through the bloodbrain barrier in the rat after pretreatment with probenecid. AB - Some weak organic acids are eliminated from the brain by an acid transport system. The question arose is this system also used to transport drugs out of the brain? In that case probenecid pretreatment (100 mg/kg subcutaneously) should influence the induction time of a slightly lipid soluble barbiturate (barbital) which penetrates into the brain slowly, more than the induction time of a very lipid soluble barbiturate (hexobarbital). In the first experiment barbital (200 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally and in the second experiment barbital (150 mg/kg) was infused intravenously during 10 min. In both experiments loss of righting reflex occurred more rapidly after pretreatment with probenecid compared with pretreatment with saline. Only in the second experiment did probenecid significantly increase the time during which the righting reflex was lost. In the next experiment hexobarbital was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.25 mg/kg/sec. until a burst suppression which lasted 1 sec. or more was seen in a concomitant EEG-record. When this "silent second" occurred the infusion was stopped and the ensuing anaesthesia times recorded. Probenecid had no effect on the induction when studied with this method, but the ensuing anaesthesia times were increased. The hypothesis of an acid transport system out of the brain was thus not refuted by these experimental results. Studies of brain concentrations of barbital also supported this finding. After 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally the concentration of barbital in the brain was higher after pretreatment with probenecid as compared to saline pretreated controls i.e. at times corresponding to the induction times in the in vivo experiments. No difference was found in the serum levels of barbital. PMID- 716943 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in rat brain. AB - Rats were injected with one of five drugs alleged to inhibit brain prostaglandin (PG) synthesis: indomethacin, diclofenac, naproxen, aspiring and paracetamol. Animals were killed after 30 min. and the endogenous formation of PGF2alpha and PGE2 in brain homogenates was measured by mass fragmentography using deuterium labelled PGF2alpha and PGE2 as internal standards. Diclofenac, indomethacin, and naproxen inhibited dose dependently, the synthesis of PGF2alpha. The ED50 for diclofenac was 0.4 mg/kg, for indomethacin 1 mg/kg and for naproxen 2 mg/kg. In equieffective doses indomethacin had the longest duration. The time taken for the inhibition to decline to half its maximal value was 32 hrs for indomethacin and about 15 hrs for diclofenac and naproxen. Under the present conditions aspirin and paracetamol failed to produce significant reduction of PG synthesis in the rat brain homogenates in doses up to 100 mg/kg. PMID- 716944 TI - Distribution of [14C]-labelled aflatoxin B1 in mice. AB - The distribution of [14C]-labelled aflatoxin B1 has been studied in mice with the aid of whole-body autoradiography. In addition to the localisation of labelled aflatoxin B1 and/or its metabolities in the liver, bile, kidney, lung and urine an uptake of 14C in the pigment of the Harderian gland and the eye was observed. Uptake of radioactivity was also found in the eyes of the foetuses although their livers did not accumulate radioactivity. PMID- 716945 TI - The inhibition of choline acetyltransferase in guinea-pig cornea. AB - The effects of different compounds on the inhibition of choline acetyltransferase in guinea pig cornea have been studied. N-hydroxyethyl-4(naphthylvinyl)pyridinium bromide inhibited the enzyme in the cornea when a 0.5% solution was applied topically to the eye. The inhibition could not be explained by redistribution of the inhibitor after homogenization of the tissue. Inhibition of the enzyme was slowly reversed and nearly full enzyme activity was obtained when the eye was left intact for 48 hrs. N-methyl-4(naphthylvinyl)pyridinium bromide was a less efficient inhibitor in vivo and no inhibition was found with bromo acetonyl trimethylammonium bromide or acryloylcholine. Corneal ChAT was inhibited by the application of 3-methyl-5-methoxyphenyl pyridinium bromide, but the mechanism was obscured by the compound causing corneal oedema. The investigation shows that epithelium of the cornea can be used to test the in vivo effect of choline acetyltransferase inhibitors. PMID- 716946 TI - The effect of nifedipine on isolated human peripheral vessels. AB - Isometric tension was recorded in ring preparations of human peripherial arteries and veins contracted by potassium (127mM) and noradrenaline (1.8 X 10(-5)M). In the veins, nifedipine had a marked relaxing effect on contractions induced by both agents, and also reduced the contractile amplitude when added prior to stimulation. The inhibiting effect of nifedipine was more marked on the potassium than on the noradrenaline-evoked responses. This was in contrast to verapamil, which inhibited the noradrenaline-induced contractions significantly more, than those produced by potassium. After immersion of the vein preparations in calcium free medium for 30 min., the potassium contracture decreased to 26+/2.0% (mean +/ S.E.M.) of the response in normal Krebs solution, and the noradrenaline-evoked to 7.1+/0.8%. The responses to both agents were completely restored when the calcium concentration was increased from 0 to 4 mM. Nifedipine (1.5X10(-7)M) depressed the potassium contracture in calcium-free solution to 7.3+/1.6%, and the noradrenaline response to 5.5+/1.6%; on addition of calcium, the response elicited by potassium increased to 16+/1.7%, and that by noradrenaline to 56+/8.6%. Compared with its actions on the veins, the effect of nifedipine on the arterial preparations was less pronounced. In the arteries, too, the inhibiting effect of nifedipine was significantly more pronounced on the potassium than on the noradrenaline-induced contraction. Immersion for 30 min. in calcium-free medium reduced the response to potassium to 61+/6.0% and that to noradrenaline to 68+/5.6% of the control in normal Krebs. Nifedipine (2.9X10(-7)M) further reduced the potassium contraction to 20+/4.0%; the response to noradrenaline was unaffected, being 74+/6.4% of the control. PMID- 716947 TI - Qualitative alterations of cytochrome P-450 in mouse liver microsomes after administration of acrylamide and methylmethacrylate. AB - Cytochrome P-450 in mouse liver microsomes was characterized by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg phenobarbital, 4.5 and 45 mg acrylamide and 60 and 600 mg methylmethacrylate per kg body weight each day for four days. Four different forms of cytochrome P-450 with molecular weights of 47,000, 50,000, 54,000 and 56,000 were identified by staining for peroxidase activity and protein. The amount of cytochrome P-450 with a molecular weight of 47,000 (MLvMcP-450(47) decreased in the phenobarbital group and in both acrylamide groups. After methylmethacrylate treatment, this form increased at the low dose but was totally repressed at the high dose. The cytochrome P-450 form with a molecular weight of 50,000 (MLvMcP-450(50) was significantly increased only in the phenobarbital group. An increase in the total amount of cytochrome P-450 was only observed following treatment with phenobarbital. PMID- 716948 TI - Uptake of glucuronides into isolated hepatocytes and their effects on glucuronide and sulphate conjugation. AB - Uptake studies, using radioactive labelled glucuronides, have demonstrated the ability of 4-nitrophenyl glucuronide and phenolphthalein glucuronide to enter isolated rat hepatocytes. Of these glucuronides 4-nitrophenyl glucuronide was distributed in a similar manner to O-methylglucose, whereas phenolphthalein glucuronide was bound to cellular constituents. Phenolphthalein glucuronide had an effect on theconjugation of harmol in the isolated hepatocytes when glucuronidation was found to be markedly inhibited and sulphation slightly stimulated. The glucuronidation of 4-nitrophenol, 4-methylumbelliferone and harmol in native microsomes was inhibited by phenolphthalein glucuronide. 4 Nitrophenyl glucuronide and also naphthyl glucuronide were without effect both in hepatocytes and microsomes. In control hepatocytes harmine was metabolized to form harmolsulphate mainly. Phenolphthalein glucuronide only affected this metabolic pattern to a minor extent. However, in hepatocytes from phenobarbital treated rats, where the rate of harmine metabolism is increased about five times and the main metabolite is harmol glucuronide, phenolphthalein glucuronide inhibited the formation of the conjugate with a concomitant increase in free harmol. PMID- 716949 TI - Transient supersensitivity in the partially denervated urinary bladder of the rat. AB - When examined 6-7 days after the unilateral removal of the pelvic ganglion, the detrusor muscle of the rat was found to be sensitized to methacholine and noradrenaline. The threshold doses were lower while the intravesical pressure responses to doses above threshold were increased. In contrast, bladders examined 25-30 days after the partial denervation lacked signs of sensitization. It is suggested that the contralateral nervous pathway is responsible for the rapid disappearance of the supersensitivity. PMID- 716950 TI - Studies on the correlation between rate of biotransformation and haematological toxicity of cyclophosphamide. PMID- 716951 TI - Acetylene compounds of potential pharmacological value. XXXVI. N-(4-tert-Amino-2 butynyl)-substituted 2(3H)-thiazolones and 2(3H)-oxazolones. PMID- 716952 TI - Microcalorimetric investigations of pharmaceutical complexes. I. Drugs and beta cyclodextrin. PMID- 716953 TI - Radioimmunoassay of estramustine phosphate in plasma. PMID- 716954 TI - Urinary fluoride concentration in mothers and neonates after methoxyflurane nitrous oxide analgesia during labour. PMID- 716955 TI - Development of methods of studying the effect of pharmaceutical additives on the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs in the rat. PMID- 716956 TI - Measurement of axial and radial tensile strength of tablets and their relation to capping. PMID- 716958 TI - The ophthalmic rod--description of a disposable ophthalmic drug delivery device. PMID- 716957 TI - Solubilization of spironolactone and flumedroxone acetate. PMID- 716959 TI - Effect of intratubular substitution of Na+ and Cl- ions on the operation of the tubuloglomerular feedback. PMID- 716960 TI - Electrochemical forces for chloride transport in the proximal tubules of the rat kidney. AB - The electrochemical forces for chloride transport in the proximal tubule of the rat kidney were studied using micropuncture techniques. Electrical transmembrane potentials were recorded in randomly punctured tubules with Ling-Gerhard electrodes. Chloride activities in the luminal, cellular and interstitial compartments were measured with ion selective micro-electrodes. Electrical potential measurements between cell to interstitium and lumen to interstitium were -72.1 +/- 2.6 mV and +0.5 +/- 1.4 mV (mean +/- S.D.) respectively. The calculated chloride concentrations for lumen, cell and interstitium were 133.0 +/ 10.3 mM, 8.5 +/- 1.0 mM and 99.1 +/- 3.2 mM (mean +/- S.D.) respectively. The net electrochemical forces, qualitatively, offer a passive chloride ion pathway through the tubular wall and a chloride equilibrium over the luminal membrane seems to exist. PMID- 716961 TI - Attraction of nerve fiber outgrowth from sympathetic ganglia to heart auricles in tissue culture. AB - Sympathetic chain ganglia of 3-day-old rats were cultured in Rose chambers for 5 days. Each chamber contained either two ganglia or a ganglion and a piece of heart atrium. Visual examination failed to show an increased density or length of nerve fibers growing towards the other explant. However, actual measurements showed that the length of nerve fiber outgrowth towards the atrium explant was about 10% longer than the mean outgrowth to all directions, the difference being statistically significant (P less than 0.0001). In ganglion-ganglion pair cultures the nerve fiber outgrowth towards the other ganglion tended to be shorter than that to other directions. It is tentatively concluded that atrium explants exert a growth-promoting influence on sympathetic nerve fibers in cultures, possibly due to diffusion of a growth-promoting substance from the atrium explant. PMID- 716962 TI - Muscle fatigue and its relation to lactate accumulation and LDH activity in man. AB - The lactate concentration in different muscle fibre types was determined in biopsy specimens from human vastus lateralis muscle after 30 and 60 s of maximal dynamic leg exercise. In addition, muscle fibre type distribution, total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and isozymes of LDH were determined. In accordance with previous studies (Thorstensson and Karlsson 1976, Nilsson et al. 1977) it was found that an increasing proportion of slow twitch (ST) fibres corresponded to better sustained muscle force. Lactate was found preferentially in fast twitch (FT) fibres after 30 s, but after 60 s this difference was abolished. Differences between the two main muscle fibre types in muscle lactate, total LDH activity, and M-LDH activity were correlated to muscle fatigue. It was concluded that lactate or associated pH changes primarily in FT fibres could be one factor responsible for the impaired muscle function. PMID- 716963 TI - Transient water diuresis and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) induced by forebrain lesions of different location. AB - Inhibition of ADH-secretion and transient water diuresis was observed as acute effects of radio-frequency lesions in the septal region of goats. The water diuresis was not compensated for by drinking and therefore rapidly induced pronounced hypernatremia and hypovolemia. The development of hypovolemia was accompanied by a rise in plasma renin activity. Lesions of the same kind, but extending into the preoptic region near the medial portion of the supraoptic nuclei induced the inability to excrete excessive water characteristic of SIADH. Determinations of plasma arginine vasopressin suggested that the lesions causing SIADH did not produce any noticeable increase in basic ADH-secretion. The results suggest that impulses from juxtaventricular receptors regulating ADH-release and water intake to a considerable extent are transmitted via the septal region, and that elimination of this impulse traffic is sufficient to turn water balance to the negative side. However, reflex volumetric inhibition of the ADH-secretion does not seem to be mediated by pathways passing through the septal region. PMID- 716964 TI - The distensibility of the resistance vessels of skeletal muscle in hypertensive patients. AB - The distensibility of the resistance vessels of skeletal muscle was evaluated in 23 patients with essential arterial hypertension (WSHO grade I--II), and in 14 normotensive control sugjects. Five of the hypertensive patients were well treated for over 2 years and 18 were untreated. The 133Xenon wash-out rate from the anterior tibial muscle during reactive hyperemia was recorded before and during an increase of the vascular transmural pressure, brought about by application of a subatmospheric pressure to the leg. At ambient pressure the 133Xenon wash-out rate did not differ between the normotensive and hypertensive subjects, reflecting equal muscle blood flows. However, when the transmural pressure was augmented the 133Xenon wash-out rate in the normotensive subjects increased about twice as much as in the hypertensive patients. This suggests a decreased distensibility of the resistance vessels in hypertensive patients as compared to normotensive subjects, and supports the concept that structural changes of these vessels take place in arterial hypertension. Since the vascular distensibility was equally reduced in the untreated and well treated hypertensive patients it is indicated that the structural changes in the resistance vessels of the leg muscles do not readily decline during antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 716965 TI - Observations on stretch reflexes in lumbar back muscles of the cat. AB - Reflex responses to brief muscle stretch and to electrical stimulation of dorsal roots were studied in cat longissimus and iliocostalis muscles by myographic and electromyographic recordings in spinal and anesthetized preparations. Brief stretch applied simultaneously to both muscles, by pulling at an isolated segment of the iliac bone, elicited contractions only in the central region of longissimus, composed of slowly contracting fibers, the time to peak tension varying between 70 and 100 ms. No reflex responses were observed in the faster contracting parts of this muscle or in the iliocostalis under the stimulation conditions used. The total reflex time usually varied from 4.5 to 7 ms which is shown to correspond to intra-spinal conduction times, approximately between 2 and 5 ms. Only exceptionally was a central reflex delay corresponding to a monosynaptic transmission observed. Reflexes evoked by dorsal root simulation (L4, L5) have a central conduction time similar to those elicited by adequate stimulation. The possibility that the central pathway for stretch reflexes in longissimus may involve more than two neurons is considered. In decerebrate preparations the central region of longissimus displays a prominent tonic stretch reflex. With the longissimus in situ the magnitude of the reflex is highly dependent on the position of the lumbar spine relative to the pelvic girdle. PMID- 716966 TI - Contralateral influence on recruitment of curarized muscle fibres during maximal voluntary extension of the legs. AB - The force of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was compared during extension of one leg alone and during simultaneous extension of both legs. In 6 subjects MVC of two legs extension was 75 +/- 3.6 (S.E.)% of the sum of the single one leg MVC. This may indicate a reduced muscle fibre involvement during two leg extension as compared with one leg extension. We investigated the possibility that either red (type I) or white (type II) muscle fibre recruitment was restricted during two leg extension. The neuromuscular transmission in the two types of fibres was partially blocked with d-tubocurarine (dtc) or decamethonium (C10) for either type I or II, respectively. In 5 subjects receiving dtc the ratio between the reduced two leg and one leg extension forces (75 +/- 2.3%) did not change. During administration of C10, however, this ratio decreased by 16 +/- 3.1%. Partial blocking with dtc caused a two component curve during tension development with a first maximum at 0.22 s, and another maximum at 1.03 s of a 3 s attempt to reach MVC. During partial blocking with C10 results in muscle contractions where a relatively large amount of type I muscle fibres are contributing to the force developed. The experiment suggests that type I fibre recruitment is restricted during severe static exercise in normal muscles. Furthermore, it demonstrates that fibre recruitment can vary in the same muscle function performed with one leg or two legs. PMID- 716967 TI - A study of permanent adipsia induced by medial forebrain lesions. AB - Cerebral lesions involving most of the anterior wall of the ventricle, and the medial part of the septal region, induced a permanent loss of thirst in two goats. The ventral part of the lamina terminalis remained intact in one of the animals. Pronounced dehydration (10--13% loss of b.wt.) developed during periods (3--7 days) when water supplementation was omitted. Determinations of plasma arginine vasopressin in one of the animals revealed that the dehydration did not cause any significant increase in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone. However, the water deficit induced a considerable rise in plasma renin activity and tachycardia. If anything, the caroitid blood pressure became slightly elevated towards the end of 7 d dehydration periods. The lesions obviously inactivated a cerebral sensory mechanism controlling water balance. It may have been due mainly to destruction of juxtaventricular receptors in the anterior hypothalamic region, but perhaps also to a disruption of afferents from such receptors located posterior to this cerebral level. PMID- 716968 TI - Effects of hypoxia on the rat portal vein in vitro: Po2 gradients in tissue and surrounding fluid. PMID- 716969 TI - Failure of somatostatin to eliminate the glucagon release induced by baroreceptor unloading in the cat. PMID- 716970 TI - Effect of metabolic inhibitors on phenylalanine influx in cerebral cortex slices from mature and immature rats. AB - Earlier investigations have shown that the transport of aromatic amino acids into cerebral cortex slices of rats changes during ontogenetic development. In order to illuminate the possible influence of the developmental alterations of energy metabolism in the brain on the changes of the amino acid transport the influx of phenylalanine into cerebral cortex slices of adult and 7-day-old rats was measured in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. Also the levels of lactate, ATP, ADP, AMP and creatine phosphate in the slices were measured. The used inhibitors cyanide, dinitrophenol and iodoacetate, which disturb certain steps of energy metabolism, had very similar effects in both age groups on phenylalanine influx and on the levels of energy-rich phosphates. The correlation between the level of ATP and the influx of phenylalanine was positive in both age groups, but the slopes of the regression lines were different. If ATP supplies energy for amino acid transport, its utilization, rather than its availability is a limiting factor in the slices from 7-day-old rats. Developmental changes in energy metabolism seem to have a minimal role in the changes of amino acid transport during the maturation of the brain. Changes in the properties of cell membrane carriers and in the transmembrane ionic gradients may be more important. PMID- 716971 TI - Hepatic triacylglycerol and fatty-acid biosynthesis during hypoxia in vivo. AB - Hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis and the activity of phosphatidate phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, the rate-limiting enzyme of triacylglycerol biosynthesis, were studied after hypoxic periods of 1 and 7 days under hypobaric conditions at 40.8 kPa. Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity increased 2-fold in the soluble fraction of the liver after one day at 40.8 kPa, but had returned to normal by 7 days. This was accompanied by a significant increase in liver triacylglycerol and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate. The phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity increased continuously over 7 days in the pair-fed controls, probably due to the restriction on food. Measured as in vivo incorporation of 3H2O into lipids, the hepatic fatty acid synthesis rate increased somewhat in acute hypoxia, but returned to normal values during 7 days of hypoxia. Plasma free fatty acids increased markedly after 24 h in the fasting controls (90%) with a smaller increase in the hypoxic group (50%) due to peripheral lipolysis. Hepatic glycogen stores decreased in the hypoxic and fasting animals both after 1 and 7 days. It is concluded that hypoxia induces the accumulation of fat into the liver at least partly as a consequence of an increase in phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in the soluble fraction of the liver. PMID- 716972 TI - Effects on fluid balance induced by non-febrile intracerebroventricular infusions of PGE2, PGF2alpha, and arachidonic acid in the goat. AB - Prostaglandins (PG) E2, F2 alpha (30 ng/kg . min-1) and arachidonic acid (150 and 300 ng/kg . min-1) were infused for 30 min into the lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious hydrated and non-hydrated goats. Like previously shown as concerns PGE1 PGE2 was found to inhibit the water diuresis and cause some increase in the renal sodium excretion in the hydrated animal, and to elicit thirst in the non-hydrated goat. The effects of PGE2 were enhanced when hypertonic (0.25 M) NaCl was simultaneously infused into the ventricle. The antidiuretic effect of PGF2 alpha was less pronounced, and drinking only occasionally occurred when this PG was infused into the non-hydrated animal. Only a weak, post-infusion reduction of the water diuresis was observed when arachidonic acid was administered into the hydrated goat. Neither the PG:s, nor arachidonic acid affected the temperature regulation of the animals. The possibility is discussed that the lack of febrile response was due to the choice of platinum-iridium as material for the cerebral implantations. It is suggested that PGE2 might have interacted with CSF Na+ in stimulating juxtaventricular receptors involved in the control of fluid balance. The experiments do not support the concept that PG:s of the E series constitute a cerebral humoral link in pyrogen-induced fever. PMID- 716973 TI - Effects of intragastrically administered somatostatin on basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in man. PMID- 716974 TI - Changes in muscle fibre type distribution in man after physical training. A sign of fibre type transformation? PMID- 716975 TI - Maximal aerobic power related to the capillary supply of the quadriceps femoris muscle in man. PMID- 716976 TI - Anticholeretic effect of somatostatin in anesthetized dogs. AB - Somatostatin, 0.2-1.0 microgram . kg-1 . min-1, was administered i.v. in 5 anesthetized dogs. Following 9-min infusions, hepatic bile output was found to decrease by approximately 50% after a latency of 6 min. The mode of action suggests that somatostatin inhibits hormone-induced bile output. PMID- 716977 TI - The effect of food ingestion on circulating neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in the human. PMID- 716978 TI - Failure of buccal stimulation with NaCl to evoke an homeostatic response related to body sodium. PMID- 716979 TI - Skeletal muscle metabolism and ultrastructure in relation to age in sedentary men. AB - In order to find out if there are age-related changes in human skeletal muscle metabolism or ultrastructure, biopsy material from 56 sedentary men aged 22-65 years was studied by means of enzyme activity determinations, histochemistry and quantitative electron microscopy. For comparison, a younger (16-18 years) and an older (66-76 years) group were included. These subjects were relatively more active. There was an increase in percentage of slow twitch fibres with age. Mitochondrial volume fraction decreased with age, primarily due to diminished mean mitochondrial volume. In spite of this, no overall decrease in the activities of five enzymes, representative of the major pathways in energy metabolism, was observed. Thus, increased amounts of enzymes per unit mitochondrial volume are implicated. Lipofuscin was more frequently found in the older groups. Correlations were present between fibre type distribution and oxidative enzymes, as well as between different enzymes. It was concluded, that the decrease in maximal oxygen uptake and muscular strength in aging humans probably may not be explained in terms of a deteriorating skeletal muscle energy metabolism. PMID- 716980 TI - The vagal release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from enterochromaffin cells in the cat. AB - Enterochromaffin cells (EC) from the cat duodenum were studied before and after electrical efferent stimulation of the cervical vagi by means of electron microscopy and fluorescence histochemistry according to the Hillarp-Falck technique. From the same animals portal blood plasma was assayed for serotonin (5 HT) at various stages of the nerve stimulation. Within 15 min after the onset of vagal nerve stimulation there was a more than twofold increase of the portal 5-HT levels, which returned to normal after cessation of stimulation. There was also a pronounced reduction in the fluorescence intensity of EC demonstrating a lowered intracellular 5-HT level. Ultrastructurally there was evidence for basal exocytosis as well as for a release of osmiophilic material from the EC directly into the gut lumen after nerve stimulation. Together, these observations strongly suggest a vagally induced 5-HT release from EC in the cat. PMID- 716981 TI - Influence of phenobarbital on changes in the metabolites of the energy reserve of the cerebral cortex following complete ischemia. AB - The present study, which concerns the rate of changes in the cerebral cortex concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP, ADP, AMP, lactate and pyruvate during complete ischemia, had the objective of finding out whether or not phenobarbital retards depletion of tissue energy reserves during ischemia. Ischemia was induced for periods of 10 s to 10 min in animals maintained on 70% N2O or given 150 mg.kg-1 of phenobarbital. The results showed that the barbiturate anaesthesia delayed utilization of ATP during the first 2 min. However, after 5 min of ischemia PCr and ATP concentrations, as well as the calculated adenylate energy charge, were identical in animals anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and phenobarbital. Thus, phenobarbital induces a very moderate delay in the depletion of cerebral energy reserves that occurs during complete ischemia. The results obtained after 5-20 s of ischemia allowed calculation of energy (approximately P) utilization according to Lowry et al. (1964). The closed system method gave values for approximately P utilization which were not far from those obtained by CMRo2 measurements. However, with normal values for metabolic rate (70% N2O) valid estimates are obtained only with very short ischemic periods (5-10 s) and, with such short periods, the oxygen content of the tissue may introduce an error. PMID- 716982 TI - Effect of sympathetic stimulation on the blood brain barrier dysfunction induced by amphetamine and by epileptic seizures. AB - Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the brain is known to make the resistance vessels able to withstand a higher blood pressure, i.e. to prevent blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and overperfusion in acute hypertension. When hypertension occurs concomitantly with a metabolic vasodilatation e.g. during epileptic seizures and after amphetamine-administration, protein leakage in the brain is more pronounced than in hypertension per se. Unilateral stimulation of the cervical sympathetic chain during the administration of amphetamine or bicuculline--the latter a GABA-receptor blocking substance that induces epileptic activity--attenuated the leakage of Evans blue-albumin and 125IHSA into the brain. Our results thus indicate a prophylactic effect of sympathetic stimulation also when hypertension is combined with a metabolically induced vasodilatation. The sympathetic nerves may constrict both extracerebral arteries and intracerebral resistance vessels. Unexpectedly the effect on the BBB of unilateral stimulation was to a great extent bilateral under the present experimental conditions. PMID- 716983 TI - Estrogen induced inhibition of 3H-noradrenaline release in the uterus and portal vein of the rat. AB - The influence of estrogen treatment on 3H-noradrenaline release, induced by potassium or calcium, was studied in isolated preparations of the uterus and the portal vein of the rat. Uterine strips of oophorectomized rats responded with contraction followed by transient relaxation when immersed in a medium containing 127 mM potassium. The transient relaxation was accompanied by an increased rate of 3H-noradrenaline efflux. When the uterine strips were bathed in calcium-free potassium solution, addition of calcium (3 mM) evoked an increased outflow of 3H noradrenaline coinciding with a relaxation phase of the contractile response to calcium. After estrogen treatment of the rats the pattern of response was altered. The uterus then responded to potassium and calcium with sustained contractures and with a relatively small (potassium) or with no (calcium) increase of 3H-noradrenaline efflux. Normetanephrine (5 X 10(-5) M) did not influence the uptake or release of 3H-noradrenaline in either non-estrogenized or estrogen treated rats uterus. Calculations, based on the amounts of 3H noradrenaline released by potassium and on the inhibitory effects of desipramine (10(-5) M) on neuronal uptake of noradrenaline, suggested that similar amounts of tracer were accumulated in the adrenergic nerves of both non-estrogenized treated preparations. Tyramine (10(-4) M) had a weaker stimulatory effect on 3H noradrenaline release than potassium, and the tyramine induced release was not inhibited by estrogen treatment. Strips of the rat portal vein responded to potassium with an increased rate of 3H-noradrenaline efflux. As in the uterus, estrogen treatment reduced the release of 3H-noradrenaline in response to potassium. The adrenolytic effect of estrogen is possibly due to reduced entry of calcium ions into the nerve terminal. PMID- 716984 TI - Vasopressin release induced by hemorrhage in the goat. PMID- 716986 TI - A note on the single injection residue function method to determine capillary permeability. AB - The assumption inherent to the single injection residue function method to determine capillary permeability have been made explicit. Furthermore, it is shown that agreement between the deduced wash-out function of the transmitted molecules of the test substances and that of reference molecules does not constitute proof of the validity of the method. PMID- 716985 TI - Effects of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists on isolated cerebral blood vessels. AB - The vasomotor response of dopamine and dopaminergic agonists was studied in vitro on middle cerebral arteries from cat and pial arteries from humans. The action of various inhibitors was tested in order to define the receptors involved. A contractile response could be obtained by epinine, apomorphine and dopamine in the mentioned order of potency. The effect was blocked by alpha-receptor as well as serotonin receptor antagonists. The mode of inhibition suggested that serotonin receptors rather than alpha-adrenoceptors mediated the dopamine-induced contraction. A dose-dependent dilatation could be evoked by the dopaminergic agonists on actively contracted pial arteries. The relative potency was epinine greater than dopamine greater than apomorphine. The order of potency for the agonists, together with blocking experiments (including a parallel shift in the log dose-response curve induced by bulbocapnine), indicated that the vasodilatation is mediated by specific dopamine receptors. PMID- 716987 TI - Plasma catecholamine levels in the coronary sinus, the left renal vein and peripheral vessels in healthy males at rest and during exercise. AB - Noradrenaline and adrenaline were determined in blood samples from the brachial vein, the brachial artery, the left renal vein and the femoral vein in 6 healthy males (aged 23-35 y). In 3 of the subjects catecholamines were determined also in blood from the coronary sinus. All samples were taken simultaneously in supine postion after 30 min of rest and then in connection with exercise in supine position using a bicycle ergometer, firstly with a work load of 50 W for 9 min and secondly with a work load of 150 W for the same period of time. Under resting conditions the catecholamine levels were about the same at all locations, the mean for noradrenaline being 1.59 nmol/1 with a range of 1.30-2.11 nmol/1 and for adrenaline 0.46 nmol/1 and 0.23-0.65 nmol/1, respectively. At 50 W the noradrenaline concentration increased significantly in the brachial artery, the left renal vein and the femoral vein, whereas adrenaline increased significantly only in the femoral vein. At 150 W the noradrenaline content increased markedly in all samples, especially in the left renal vein (mean increase 13.02 nmol/1) and the coronary sinus (mean increase 13.06 nmol/1). Adrenaline concentration increased significantly in the brachial artery and the femoral vein. At 150 W the mean net output of noradrenaline as estimated from the calculated flows and actual AV-differences amounted to 2.25 nmol/min from the heart and to 0.36 nmol/min from the kidney. PMID- 716988 TI - Local lactate and exhaustion. PMID- 716989 TI - Release of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) from the gut in anaesthetized dogs. PMID- 716990 TI - The need for standardization of psychiatric assessment. The epidemiological point of view. AB - "Comparative psychiatry", which Kraepelin advocated 70 years ago, evolves today through the development of the epidemiological apporach in mental health. But its development is still hampered, by two methodological difficulties: 1. problems of definition of the "case"; 2. problems of evaluation, measure and classification of mental disorders. This has emphasized the need for an international common language for the description of mental health problems. The chapter V--Mental Disorders--of the International Classification of Diseases, in its 9th revision, illustrates the importance of such action. But the agreement on a diagnostic classification is only partially resolving the problem, because the concrete value of the classification is dependent on the reliability and validity of primary data on the patient. The World Health Organization is actively contributing to the standardization of assessment instruments; the Mental Health programme emphasizes the need for further efforts to elaborate a common language in mental health, both among psychiatrists from different countries, and between psychiatrists and planners of public health and other mental health personnel. PMID- 716991 TI - [AMDP system and psychopathology (author's transl)]. AB - The psychopathological scale of AMDP system is voluntary limited to descriptive aspects of psychopathology. If the term psychopathology could be considered identical to psychiatric semiology, the words signs and symptoms go above the descriptive stade: the greek name sumptoma contains sun (with) and piptein (appear), while the word sign is an intellectual deduction of observed symptoms. In the AMDP-3, the sense of evaluated symptoms results from the configurational approach, for example a factor analysis. The splitting of german psychopathological concepts in items and the evaluation of these items in relation to observable compounds bind to their configurational structure will, no doubt, permit to avoid the obstacle of a different conceptualisation of the same symptoms from one school to the other. Furthermore, the AMDP-3 scale and its manual constitute a remarkable teaching instrument for psychopathology, not always enough appreciated. PMID- 716992 TI - [AMDP system and clinical psychopharmacology (author's transl)]. AB - A more coherent development of clinical psychopharmacology and a generalisation of its results, limited by the variability and approximation of judgments, become possible through a standardisation of evaluation methods for mental troubles. The AMDP system is a sensible enough instrument to apply statistical methods in clinical psychopharmacology. The french version, elaborated and revised by psychiatrists of different nationality, language and background, should favor communication of informations in this area and should validate it. PMID- 716993 TI - [Empirical and bibliographical reflexions on the AMDP somatic scale (author's transl)]. AB - The author complemented the AMDP-4 scale by some somatic items from the Liege psychiatric record, the code of Devroye, Pinchard and Timsit. He compares the frequency of the symptoms of the AMDP scale and the DPT code in 63 patients before treatment and their sensitivity to change after psychotropics in 49 patients. On the 27 DPT items added to the AMDP, 20 appear to be frequent and 6 are sensitive to therapeutic change. Two other modifications from the original AMDP scale are reported: the grouping of symptoms by system, and a standard interview aimed at limiting positive answers in relation to the interview. The author considers that the AMDP scale so modified is superior to other classical somatic scales, but deplores that functional symptoms are confused with psychopathological symptoms, neurological symptoms, toxic signs, general examination signs and even laboratory tests in the original scale. PMID- 716994 TI - [A semi-structured psychopathological interview conceived for the AMDP-3 scale and time-blind evaluation of videotapes (author's transl)]. AB - In the process of adapting the German AMDP Psychopathology Scale into French and of analyzing its interrater-reliability, free AMDP interviews were tape-recorded and played back. It became rapidly evident that such interviews are incompatible with a comprehensive and reliable evaluation of psychopathology: the collected information is incomplete and variable from one interviewer to the other and even from one interview to the other by the same interviewer, which is particularly invalidating in case of video ratings. The present semi-structured interview is based on 140 videotaped recordings of non-psychiatric patients, of depressives and psychotics. Formulation of questions is seldom imperative; their sequence is only suggested and may be modified according to the interviewer's style and to the patient's pathology. Have been avoided questions too dependent on setting (community, hospital) or likely to disclose the first-interview or retest nature of the recording, thus allowing time-blind evaluations. The mean duration of the interview is 28 mn (less than 30 mn in 70% of the cases) for 126 items. PMID- 716995 TI - [Psychophysiological aspects of emotional stress. I. Use of an adjective list for university examinations (author's transl)]. AB - An adjective list, derived from Sokolow et al's work, has been used to study mood fluctuations in medical students, during university examinations. This list is a sensible and reliable instrument, which can be used in human psychophysiology. PMID- 716996 TI - [Automated treatment of Rorschach data (author's transl)]. AB - Apart from automated systems analysing Rorschach data, one can develop with the computer other systems aimed as a research instrument. Selection, definition and coding of informations permit not only its memorisation, but also the analysis according to various mathematical methods. Tabulation and frequence analyses are facilitated, while other analyses (discrimination analysis, inverse factor analysis, covariance analysis) are made possible. The collaboration psychologist- mathematician--computer specialist open interesting avenues. PMID- 716997 TI - [Present state and evolution of the law of social defence (author's transl)]. AB - The law of April 9, 1930 concluded to the non responsibility of the insane. It applyed a measure of social defence and treatment of some length. The evolution of ideas, the psychological and biological discoveries had bring a change in July 1964. The measure was finalized, not for the "insanes", but demented people, severe mental disturbed patients and severe mental retarded patients. The measure became non determined in time. The role of the lawyer is important, not only for the decision, but following the decision. The role of the physician is also important and the creation of a center of guidance becomes urgent. Therapy can be extended by ambulatory care with the necessary security measures. PMID- 716998 TI - [The problem of the treatment of the committed in Paifve (author's transl)]. AB - After 2 years of functioning, the Institution of Social Defence in Paifve reports on its activities. We shall be modest in our results, but see with satisfaction the climate in this House. Starting with a non-prepared personnel, we were able to train it in the live of an homogeneous and dynamic team: lectures, seminares, discussion and psychotherapy groups, frequent dialogue between personnel and direction, between personnel and committed people. All these relationships took place in a democratic way allowing people to invest the most. We can now trust the all team who has understood the aim: the resocialisation and revalorisation of the greatest possible number of patients. PMID- 716999 TI - [Relations with Social Defence Commissions and utility of leave techniques (author's transl)]. AB - The authors insist on the importance of relations between Social Defence Commissions and institutions. The Commission has large powers, allowing a better resocialisation of the individual. Measures such as leaves of greater length are a king of trial for the patient. These measures avoid the patient to move in an unreal situation, and even if sometimes there is failure, this failure can still be used for therapeutic purpose. These leaves are the subject of discussions within the group, so that all members of the treating team are concerned. PMID- 717000 TI - Sexual adjustment of male alcoholics. AB - This study set out to describe the sexual attitudes and behaviour of 50 hospitalized alcoholic men by comparing them with a sample of the general population, matched in age and social class. This control sample was identified by random selection from a company register, and subjects were recruited into the study with the assistance of a trade union. All subjects completed the same assessment by semi-structured interview and the Eysenck Inventory of Attitudes to Sex. A method of scoring this questionnarie was derived, and comparison between samples showed the alcoholics differed from the controls only in describing less sexual satisfaction and not in other sexual attitudes. This difference probably arose from their greater interest in sex, loss of erectile potency and lack of a sexual partner. PMID- 717001 TI - Measuring sexual attitudes. AB - The study set out to examine theoretical and practical aspects of measuring sexual attitudes. Using the replies to a sexual attitude questionnaire developed by Eysenck given by 135 males (50 alcoholics, 50 matched normals and 35 sex offenders), item and factor analysis led to the composition of nine short scales measuring sexual satisfaction, heterosexual nervousness, sexual curiosity, tension and hostility, pruriency, sexual repression, heterosexual distaste and sexual promiscuity. The reliability and validity of the scales are demonstrated and their relationships to each other and to other aspects of sexuality are described. It is pointed out how relevant the scales may be in assessing and monitoring treatment of sexual deviants and others with sex problems. Tentative norms are provided. PMID- 717002 TI - Schizophrenia and communication efficiency. A modified replication taking ecological variation into consideration. AB - An earlier study (Solvberg & Blakar (1975)) testified to subtle differences in communication efficiency over different communication situations by parental couples with and without schizophrenic offspring. The present study is offered as a replication of this study, but whereas the participating couples in the original study were recruited from a big city (Oslo), the parental couples in the present replication come from a typical rural district. The main findings of the original study are reproduced, but the very same method which was sensitive with respect to the "normality-schizophrenia" variable, also proved to be highly sensitive with regard to the cultural variation represented by the rural-urban dimension. Therefore, the present study is used as basis for discussing more general methodological problems involved in communication-oriented studies on psychopathology. In particular the underlying (often implicit) model of "normal communication", from which pathological communication deviates, is seriously questioned. PMID- 717003 TI - 14-year outcome in early schizophrenia. AB - Of 45 first admission schizophrenics from 1963, an incidence by first admission group for northern Alberta, 43 were followed-up 14 years later. Based on these figures the expectancy was found to be 0.49%. The proportion of patients who were married was less than expected in comparison with the general population, but amongst the married, fertility was probably comparable to the population's. At follow-up about half the patients were managing well with little or no disability, one quarter had moderate to marked disability and the remainder were socially, psychiatrically and occupationally disabled. From the time of first admission, patients had spent an average of 15% of their time in hospital and lost 28% of the total time due to psychiatric disability. PMID- 717004 TI - Pneumoencephalographic and clinical findings of the XYY syndrome. AB - In order to approach the hitherto unknown brain involvement in the XYY syndrome five adult patients with this syndrome were studied clinically and pneumoencephalographically. Clinical manifestations included delayed difficulties of speech and learning, clumsiness, mild intention tremor, muscular hypotonia, convulsions, hyperactivity, distractibility, impulsiveness, weak mental control, psychosexual disturbances and a slight defect of intelligence. All five had committed crimes. Pneumoencephalograms showed general ventricular enlargement of mild or moderate degree. The enlargement of lateral ventricles was unilateral or asymmetrically bilateral. The suprapineal recess of the third ventricle was uniformly enlarged. Small cerebellum and enlarged fourth ventricle were the abnormal findings in the posterior fossa. No cortical abnormalities were found. The clinical and pneumoencephalographic findings suggest a slight non-progressive developmental disorder of the brain resembling the so-called minimal brain dysfunction syndrome. The XYY syndrome appears to be one cause of the male preponderance in minimal brain dysfunction syndrome and criminal psychopathy. PMID- 717005 TI - Prevalence of psychological impairment in city and country samples. AB - A study was conducted of the psychological health of 125 married French women aged between 35 and 39 years, divided into five professional groups of 25 subjects. Two of these groups were taken from a rural area, three from Paris. The criteria of health have been psychiatric symptomatology, psychological impairment, and the frequency of the periods of impairment. A significant difference was found between the farmers and all the other groups. Differential data are also given regarding the medical assistance received by the groups. PMID- 717006 TI - Analysis of mood change during and following sleep deprivation therapy. AB - Recent work suggests that depriving endogenous depressives of sleep for 1 night may be followed by an alleviation of their illness. In order to facilitate further study of the mechanisms underlying this effect, hourly self-rated measurements of mood were obtained throughout the sleepless night and the time of onset of any response noted. Of the patients who improved, some did so during the day following sleep deprivation; in others the response did not occur until after the next night's sleep. The two groups of responders differed in terms of self reported emotional arousal during the course of the sleepless night. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to further studies of sleep deprivation therapy. PMID- 717007 TI - A multi-aspects classification of mental disorders. Experiences from clinical routine work and preliminary studies of inter-rater reliability. AB - A multi-aspects classification model--MACM--is presented. Several studies concerning reliability between diagnosticians, both trained and untrained psychiatrists from the department, trained psychiatrists from other departments, students, psychologists and social workers are presented and comparisons are made with diagnosis according to ICD-8. The MACM seems to be a step forward and seems to have many advantages over a multi-category system. PMID- 717008 TI - Survey of psychiatric morbidity in a semi-urban population in Sri Lanka. AB - This paper reports a survey of psychiatric morbidity in a semi-urban community (population 7,653) in Sri Lanka. The entire population was first screened by social workers using a standardized interview. Probable cases were then examined by psychiatrists. Each psychiatric disorder identified was rated on four different parameters of severity, and only those rating moderate or severe were labelled as cases. The socio-demographic characteristics of the cases and the population at risk, and the frequency and nature of psychiatric disorders are presented in Tables. The 6-month period prevalence for all psychiatric disorders was 45.5 per 1,000, with psychoses amounting to 6.9 (males 5.5; females 8.4) per 1,000, and neuroses to 25.2 (males 9.9; females 40.6) per 1,000. The large majority of disorders were chronic and had not received psychiatric treatment. The relevance of these surveys in the provision of psychiatric services in developing countries is discussed. PMID- 717009 TI - Sensitive delusion of reference, "sensitiver Beziehungswahn". Some reflections on diagnostic practice. AB - Ten patients discharged with the diagnosis of "sensitiver Beziehungswahn" were followed up 22--28 years after their discharge. In one case, the course of the illness indicates that the patient suffered from a manic-depressive psychosis, and in two cases, this diagnosis was likely. In two cases the disorder seemed definitely to be schizophrenia. One case was presumably a transient paranoid reaction. One patient was likely to have suffered from hysteria or epilepsy, three cases remained uncertain. The study did not prove suitable in the evaluation of the validity of "sensitiver Beziehungswahn" as a nosological entity, since at the time of diagnosis the patients only incompletely fulfilled the criteria set up the Kretschmer, but it throws light on the diagnostic practice and the tendency to a change between the classification into many independent disease entities and the subsequent inclusion into larger and fewer forms. PMID- 717010 TI - Contrast enhancement of cranial lesions in computed tomography. AB - The time course of enhancement in apparently normal brain tissue, edema and focal lesions during 30 to 60 min after intravenous injection of vascular contrast medium was evaluated in a series of 41 patients with different intracranial lesions. The attenuation of apparently normal unenhanced brain tissue varied with the level of the scan, mainly an effect of beam hardening. Different types of enhancement response are discussed in terms of a 3-compartment model. The differential diagnostic potential of contrast enhancement in the early phase needs further evaluation using instruments with short scanning time, while the late phase of enhancement must be recorded with the use of a reliable head fixation to provide reproducibility of repeat measurements. PMID- 717011 TI - Recurrent cavernous branches of the ophthalmic artery. AB - Two arteries arising from the orbit, coursing through the superior orbital fissure to supply the cavernous region and the tentorium, may be identified at angiography. The radiologic and anatomic appearances of these arteries are discussed on the basis of the embryologic development. PMID- 717012 TI - Patella alta and gonarthrosis. AB - The frequency of patella alta as defined by the method of Insall & Salvati in knees with femoro-patellar osteoarthrosis was determined. Patella alta was six times as frequent in knees with osteoarthrosis than in those with a normal femoro patellar joint. Patella alta is more common in women and is often bilateral. PMID- 717013 TI - Arthrography of the ankle. Value in diagnosis of rupture of the lateral ligaments. AB - Arthrography was performed in 105 cases with freshly sprained ankles and signs of rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament. They were subsequently operated upon. The arthrographic films were examined retrospectively to assess the value of different criteria for the differential diagnosis between rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament and combined rupture of this and the calcaneofibular ligament. The diagnostic value of arthrography was found to be high in isolated rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament, and is acceptable in the combined ruptures. PMID- 717014 TI - Radiologic determination of rotational instability of the knee joint. AB - A method for measuring rotational instability of the knee joint at radiography is described. Together with determination of sagittal instability the method might well serve as a simple guide in choosing the appropriate technique for surgery. It also enables an assessement of the operative results, since the method is simple and reproducible. PMID- 717016 TI - Malignant features of breast tumours at radiography. AB - A consecutive series of 302 cases of microscopically confirmed mammary carcinoma was reviewed mainly with regard to abnormalities indicating malignancy at mammary radiography. Most important was the demonstration of a tumour mass and distortion of adjacent tissues. Calcifications of malignant type were present in 31 per cent of all cases, but led alone to a preclinical diagnosis of malignancy in only 2 per cent of the cases. Carcinomas detectable by both clinical examination and mammary radiography seemed to be as advanced irrespective of whether they were detected at a referral clinic or at screening of asymptomatic women. PMID- 717015 TI - Gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa and its relation to the knee joint. IV. Clinical considerations. AB - The frequency of communication between the gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa and the knee joint was investigated in a clinical material and in autopsy cases. The frequency was higher in the older age groups. No increase in this frequency or in the size of the bursa was found in patients with knee joint lesions at arthrography. By cineradiography, and in the majority of cases by conventional arthrography alone, a good idea of the flow between the joint and the bursa was obtained. A valvular mechanism between the joint and bursa was demonstrated in 5 cases. PMID- 717017 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic portography. AB - The technique, indications, contraindications and complications of percutaneous transhepatic portography and selective catheterization of the major and minor veins draining the splanchnic organs based on the experience of 200 cases are described. The advantage of this method is discussed and compared with transjugular and transumbilical portography. PMID- 717018 TI - Microarteriography of the cadaveric human lumbar spine. Evaluation of a new technique of injection in the anastomotic arterial system. AB - The theory and practice of a new technique of microarteriographic injection, which depends on the development of a resistance to outflow in anastomoses, are described, using 18 human cadaver lumbar spines. Histology demonstrated that this technique injected 90 per cent (SD 6%) of arterial vessels, which was significantly better than another technique. Possible reasons for not achieving 100 per cent injection are discussed. This technique may form a basis for the radiographic evaluation of the vertebral microcirculation. PMID- 717019 TI - Topography of ovarian veins in pregnancy. AB - The course of the ovarian vessels and the ureters in pregnancy was evaluated by a topographic coordinate system presented previously. The vein was found to be displaced with the artery, whereas the displacement of the ureters was distinct from that of the vessels. The vessels thus reflected both the pressure and traction transmitted from the uterus to the abdomen whereas the ureters reflected only the pressure applied to the posterior abdominal wall. PMID- 717020 TI - Effect of ionic and non-ionic contrast media on morphology of human erythrocytes. AB - The effects of solutions of the ionic contrast media diatrizoate, iocarmate and metrizoate and the non-ionic metrizamide on red cell morphology were compared by interference contrast optics in vitro. All the media produced changes, in solutions both isotonic and hypertonic to blood. The changes increased with increasing volume ratio (contrast medium/blood). At low volume ratio the cells were transformed into crenated cells (echinocytes) in ionic solutions both hypertonic and isotonic to blood. At high volume ratio the hypertonic ionic media caused the red cells to become shrunken (desiccocytes), corresponding to the shrinkage caused by hypertonic saline. The low osmotic non-ionic metrizamide never produced desiccocytes but echinocytes also in high volume ratio. In solutions isotonic with blood metrizoate and metrizamide transformed more cells into echinocytes than the diatrizoate and iocarmate solutions. PMID- 717021 TI - Lecithine as an adjuvant in resorption of contrast medium in oral cholecystography. AB - No or poor filling of the gallbladder was obtained in 21 patients at cholecystography. They were re-examined after 10 days of later with the addition of lecithine to the contrast medium. The filling of the gallbladder, which was without abnormality, was improved in all cases. The mechanism of this effect is discussed. PMID- 717022 TI - Position, form, and thickness of the image layer in narrow beam rotation radiography. PMID- 717023 TI - Computer tomography of the brain and spectrophotometry of the CSF in cerebral concussion and contusion. AB - Computer tomography (CT) and spectrophotometry of CSF were performed in 30 patients with the clinical diagnosis of cerebral concussion or contusion. The patients with concussion all had normal CT-findings. Spectrophotometry of CSF was sometimes positive for cerebral contusion with normal CT-findings, but the two methods were complementary so that the extent of the lesion was determined by CT and spectrophotometry of CSF indicated the cause. PMID- 717024 TI - Therapeutic embolization in the external carotid artery region. AB - Therapeutic transcatheter embolization with spongostan in the region of the external carotid artery has been employed in 17 patients, in some of them on several occasions. The technique is presented and different means of avoiding complications are discussed in detail. Embolization has been used preoperatively and as the single mode of treatment of ENT tumours or meningeomas, and also as the only treatment in arteriovenous malformations. The technique has proven particularly useful in preoperative de-arterialization of ENT tumours when surgery follows in 1 to 2 days. In cases with arteriovenous shunts, a subjective improvement has been achieved. PMID- 717025 TI - Physical correlates of radiologic heart volume. AB - Radiologic heart volume was calculated on a 10 per cent random sample of subjects examined in the London Civil Service Health Survey. Data were available for 1188 men over the age of 40, and the importance of correcting radiologic heart volume for body size, age and heart rate was demonstrated. After these variables were taken into account, the most important association found was with blood pressure. Radiologic heart volume has potential value in cardiovascular screening programmes. PMID- 717026 TI - Left ventricular function evaluated by videodensitometry in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - The ejection fraction of the left ventricle was determined by videodensitometry in 121 patients with angina pectoris. The mean value was 31 per cent. This estimation, which is easily performed by the method described, gives important and accurate information on the left ventricular function which, added to other parameters, should increase the reliability of the clinical evaluation of the patient. PMID- 717027 TI - Roentgenologic examination of tracheal stenosis. AB - Conventional roentgenography, tomography and tracheography were compared for evaluation of tracheal stenosis in phantom experiments and in 55 patients. It was found that the stenosis, as well as the relative position of a tube inserted for dilatation, is best evaluated by tracheography. If this method cannot be used, conventional roentenography with a high tube potential gives a better result than tomography. PMID- 717028 TI - Effect of ionic and non-ionic contrast media on red cell aggregation in vitro. AB - The effect of solutions of the ionic contrast media diatrizoate, iocarmate, and metrizoate and the non-ionic metrizamide on red cell aggregation in vitro was examined. The aggregation was recorded by both microphotography and photometry in a counter-rotating rheoscope chamber. All the contrast media decreased the formation of red cell aggregates. This desaggregating ability increased with both increasing volume ratio (contrast media/blood) and with increasing osmolality of the contrast media. The desaggregating effect was also obtained with the contrast media solutions isotonic with blood. The iocarmate and diatrizoate solutions induced less reduction in red cell aggregation than the metrizoate and metrizamide solutions. PMID- 717029 TI - Spasm of cortical arteries as a complication to selective nephroangiography. AB - Six cases of spasm of the cortical arteries with redistribution of blood flow to the corticomedullary glomeruli as a complication to nephroangiography are reported. The etiology and the underlying anatomy and physiology are reviewed. Advice is given to avoid the complication. PMID- 717030 TI - Intraarterial tolazoline in angiography of the foot. AB - Foot angiography was performed in 32 diabetic patients with and without intraarterial injection of tolazoline (Priscoline). The angiographic quality was improved with tolazoline, manifested as an increased flow rate with acceleration of the arteriovenous transit time, a higher incidence of complete arterial filling with contrast medium in clinically important regions, and considerably longer arterial segments demonstrated within defined regions of measurement. PMID- 717031 TI - Experimental colonic tumours in the rat. III. Induction time, distribution and appearance of induced tumours. AB - In 189 rats N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was given in order to induce colonic tumours. The tumour induction was followed by double contrast examination. At 894 examinations 196 adenomatous tumours were revealed. Autopsy and microscopy revealed 214 macroscopic and 53 microscopic benign or malignant adenomatous tumours. Metastases were found in 17 per cent in the DMH group. The relationship between adenomas and carcinomas is also evaluated. PMID- 717032 TI - Blood inflow into intra-arterial catheters following injection of contrast medium. AB - Inflow of blood into intra-arterial catheters following injection of contrast medium into the common carotid artery in patients and into the aorta in dogs is investigated. Influence of form and orientation of the catheter in the vessel and the effect of constant flushing are determined as well. PMID- 717033 TI - Morphologic sequelae to contrast medium deposits in the kidney. An experimental investigation in the rabbit. AB - Various doses of Pantopaque and Vascoray were injected percutaneously into the kidneys in 17 rabbits. Histologic examination of the kidneys at different time intervals following the injection demonstrated only slight injury to the renal parenchyma which could be related to the contrast media. Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that the risk of causing renal damage by using Pantopaque in connection with renal cyst puncture is small. PMID- 717035 TI - Talofibular compartment of the ankle joint after recent ankle sprain. AB - The validity of predicting the condition of the anterior talofibular ligament from the shape of the lateral compartment of the ankle joint was investigated in patients with recent ankle sprain. The diagnostic value of the method was found to be restricted. PMID- 717034 TI - Movements in the sacroiliac joints demonstrated with roentgen stereophotogrammetry. AB - Using a roentgen stereophotogrammetric method, the three-dimensional movements in the sacroiliac joints were quantified in 4 patients. To provoke motion of the sacrum, changes between body positions and a test with manual pressure were used. In tests with symmetric forces on the sacrum, it in most cases rotated mainly about a transverse axis and at most approximately 2 degrees. The axis of rotation passed through the iliac bones mainly in the lower part of the iliac tuberosity. The rotations between the iliac bones and the sacrum about any of the three main axes were determined with a precision in the mean of 0.2 degrees. The distance between the two superior posterior iliac spines varied at most 0.4 mm between seven different body positions. PMID- 717036 TI - Lymphatics filled at knee arthrography. AB - A review of 587 knee arthrographies revealed filling of lymph vessels in 12 cases. They occurred in connection with arthritis (4 rheumatoid), osteoarthritis, ruptured meniscus, ruptured popliteal cyst and after operation. Lymphatic filling was not related to the leakage of contrast through a ruptured popliteal cyst or to inadvertent extra-articular injection. Filling of lymphatics is more likely to occur in examinations with a positive contrast medium when a larger amount of medium is used. PMID- 717037 TI - Facial bone scintigraphy. I. Metastatic lesions in the mandible. AB - Five cases of metastases in the mandible are reported. Conventional radiography and bone scintigraphy by 99Tcm-DP recorded by gamma camera were performed. Invariably the lesions were clearly demonstrated by scintigraphy when radiography revealed only minor structural changes of the bone tissue. PMID- 717038 TI - Aspiration biopsy of intrapelvic metastases of cervical carcinoma. AB - The findings at aspiration biopsy of palpable intrapelvic lesions were reviewed in 316 patients who had previously received radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A cytologic diagnosis of malignant spread had been made in 55 cases. The crude five-year survival rate in these patients was 4 per cent, as compared with 51 per cent among the patients who received a negative cytologic report. Aspiration biopsy was positive in only about 48 per cent of the patients in whom follow-up observations suggested intrapelvic spread of carcinoma. The factors that may have influenced the diagnostic accuracy are discussed. Use of a screw (0.5 mm thick) technique instead of the 22-gauge needle may enhance the diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 717039 TI - Increased serum calcitonin in patients with mammary carcinoma. AB - Serum calcitonin war within normal range in 11 patients with benign breast tumour. In cases with local malignant breast tumour increased calcitonin was found in 25 per cent (4/16), in cases with regional metastases in 40 per cent (2/5), and in cases with osteolytic bone metastases in 77 per cent (10/13). Two patients with osteosclerotic bone metastases had low calcitonin concentration. It is suggested that increased calcitonin in mammary carcinoma is a physiologic response to osteolytic bone metastases. PMID- 717040 TI - Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in serum of patients with mammary carcinoma. AB - Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in serum were measured in 34 normocalcemic patients with mammary carcinoma. The mean value of parathyroid hormone was significantly higher in 26 patients with bone metastases than in 8 patients without (p less than 0.025). One patient with bone metastases had slightly raised calcitonin in serum. No difference as to parathyroid hormone values between the groups of previously irradiated and non-irradiated patients was found. A possible explanation of the normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism is presented. PMID- 717041 TI - HLA antigens in Hodgkin's disease of very long survival. AB - Determination of 32 different HLA types in the A, B, and C series was performed in 40 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 10 of whom had a very long survival. A group of 1 263 healthy subjects was used as reference. HLA-B18 was seen significantly more often in all 40 patients and also in the subgroup of patients with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. An increased frequency of HLA-A28 was observed among the 10 long survivors, but only with weak significance. PMID- 717042 TI - Hodgkin's disease treated by chemotherapy and large field irradiation. Hematologic effects. AB - The hematologic effects of combined chemotherapy and irradiation were analyzed in 70 patients with Hodgkin's disease stage I and II. The schedule used was as follows: one cycle of 15--21 days of chemotherapy immediately followed by irradiation, including mantle and lumboaortic fields. After a rest of one month, another cycle of the same chemotherapy was applied. The erythrocytes varied slightly; the leukocytes decreased during chemotherapy and were stable or increased slightly during irradiation. Platelets decreased slightly during chemotherapy and more markedly during irradiation. No major side effects were observed, and the regimen appeared well tolerated. PMID- 717043 TI - 67Ga-subtraction scanning in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. AB - Recently a new method was described, the 67Ga subtraction scanning method. 67Ga accumulates in neoplastic and inflammatory tissue. The subtraction method was applied for evaluating 38 patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The preliminary experiences are described. It was found that the diagnostic accuracy is comparable to that of 67Ga scanning. The subtraction method offers potential improvement of the accuracy for equivocal scans, but further technological refinement is needed before the method can be widely applicable. PMID- 717044 TI - Bile salt malabsorption in the radiation syndrome. AB - The fraction of faecal activity (FBS) excreted after intravenous administration of 14C-labelled cholic acid was measured in 20 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, abdominal pains, malabsorption and rectal haemorrhage) after pelvic irradiation. An FBS excretion of 52 +/- 16 per cent (mean +/- SD) was found in 13 patients with diarrhoea and 18 +/- 12 per cent in 7 patients without diarrhoea. In normals the excretion is not above 18 per cent. Bile salt malabsorption appears to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in these patients. PMID- 717045 TI - Radiation dose related to collimator geometry in the first generation EMI scanner. AB - The radiation dose from the first generation EMI scanner has been analysed, including the variation of the dose perpendicular to the section, the dose dependence of the size and collimation of the beam, and the fraction of radiation passing the patient and utilized for information. The possible dose in case of malfunctions of the scanner was also measured. PMID- 717046 TI - Thyroid gland volume estimated by use of ultrasound in addition to scintigraphy. AB - The method of estimating the mass of the thyroid gland from the area of the scintigraphic image has been compared with a method combining ultrasonic with scintigraphic images. The results for both methods were compared with surgical findings, and the scintiscan method alone was found to produce estimates which were on an average 79.5% of the surgical results. The corresponding estimates for the combined method were, on average, 100.4%. PMID- 717047 TI - Compact bone mineral density of the normal human radius. AB - Compact bone mineral density was determined by roentgen ray photodensitometry in the proximal radius of 292 normal men and 302 normal women in the 20 to 90 years age range. Between 20 and 49 years, the bone mineral density did not change significantly. The normal bone mineral density was found to be slightly higher in women than in men. After age 50, bone mineral density decreased proportionately more in women than in men. PMID- 717048 TI - [Our initial experience with selective coronography]. PMID- 717049 TI - Cytology of the respiratory tract in asbestos miners. PMID- 717050 TI - [Conduction anesthesia of the brachial plexus--interscalene approach. (Type of operation and results)]. PMID- 717051 TI - EEG and clinical correlation with the concentration of some antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 717052 TI - [Electrocardiogram of the rat]. PMID- 717053 TI - [Incontinentio pigmenti (Naegeli's type) associated with frontonasal syndrome]. PMID- 717054 TI - Mucoepidermoid tumour of the lung. PMID- 717055 TI - The essence of medicine. Doctor-patient relationship: the impact of recent changes in medicine and society. The Waldenstrom lecture. PMID- 717056 TI - The preferential role of triiodothyronine in the regulation of basal metabolic rate in hyper- and hypothyroidism. AB - The free triiodothyronine index (FT3I) was significantly correlated to basal metabolic rate (BMR) in hyperthyroid (r=+0.63, p less than 0.01) and hypothyroid patients (r=+0.61, p less than 0.05). Elimination of the effect of the free thyroxine index (FT4I) on the total correlation between BMR and FT3I by partial correlation analysis gave partial r=+0.60, p less than 0.01 in hyperthyroid patients and partial r=+0.43, p less than 0.1 in hypothyroid patients. The FT4I did not correlate to BMR in either hyper- or hypothyroid patients. These results point to triiodothyronine as the major regulator of BMR in hyper- and hypothyroidism. PMID- 717057 TI - Myxoedema and thyrotoxicosis: relations between clinical state and concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in blood. AB - The clinical manifestations in thyrotoxic and myxoedematous subjects were assessed by clinical diagnostic score indices and related to the free thyroxine index (FT4I) and the free triiodothyronine index (FT3I), basal metabolic rate (BMR) and in the hypothyroid patients to serum thyrotropin (TSH) level. The clinical score index was significantly correlated to both FT4I and FT3I in both groups of patients. No difference existed in degree of correlation between the clinical score index, on the one hand, and FT3I and FT4I, on the other, in either thyrotoxic or myxoedematous subjects. The degree of correlation between clinical score index and FT3I and FT4I was higher than that between the thyroid hormones and BMR. The clinical score index thus appears to be a better indicator of severity of hyper- and hypothyroidism than BMR. Serum TSH concentration was not correlated to the clinical state. PMID- 717058 TI - Cardiovascular risk factor changes in a three-year follow-up of a cohort in connection with a community programme (the North Karelia Project). AB - A re-examination after 3 years was done in 1975 in a 20% random subsample (n = 1683) of the representative population sample (males and females, 25-59 years) that was examined in 1972 in North Karelia (NK), and a matched reference county as the baseline survey for the community programme in NK. The changes in smoking habits, serum cholesterol, dietary fat consumption and systolic BP were more favourable among the subjects in the NK sample than among the reference sample, although the differences were generally small. Results from multivariable analyses are presented to show the variables that predict a favourable risk factor change in the individual. Living in NK is associated in the analysis with a favourable change in each of the three risk factors. The limitation of this method in the evaluation of a community programme is discussed. PMID- 717059 TI - Premonitory symptoms and stress factors preceding sudden death from ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 717060 TI - Coronary arteriographic findings in patients with previous acute myocardial infarction. AB - In a consecutive series of 234 patients admitted for selective coronary arteriography, 49 had had definite acute myocardial infarction (AMI) three months to ten years previously. More than 75% stenosis in at least one of the major coronary arteries was found in 80% of the patients. Two and three-vessel disease was demonstrated in 31% of the patients, which differs significantly from the 75 80% reported in autopsy studies in patients dying from AMI. At ventriculography all 22 patients with pathological Q waves had dyssynergy of the left ventricle. PMID- 717061 TI - Cerebral attacks due to excessive vagal tone in heavily trained persons. A clinical and electrophysiologic study. AB - Cardiac syncopes appeared in four heavily trained male patients without a history of cerebral or heart disease. Three were young athletes participating in competitive sport, one had trained intensively for years after poliomyelitis complicated by paraplegia. On admission all patients had sinus bradycardia; one had second degree atrioventricular (AV) block at rest, and one had transient sinoatrial (SA) block. His bundle studies demonstrated prolonged recovery time of the SA node (SAN) in two, prolonged atrio-His interval in three, and appearance of second degree AV block at abnormally low pacing rates in two. Refractory periods of the AV node (AVN), determined in three, tended to reach the upper limit of the normal range. The dysfunction of SAN and AVN was temporarily abolished in all patients by 1 mg of atropine i.v., and disappeared during exercise test, which was done by the three young athletes. The patient with paraplegia and one of the young athletes, who had second degree AV block at rest, were given atropine, 0.5 mg six times a day, and all three active sportsmen reduced training activity considerably. After 6--12 months all patients were re examined. None had cerebral symptoms or other complaints. They were in regular sinus rhythm and in excellent physical condition. PMID- 717062 TI - Neutrophil kinetics in acute bacterial infection. A clinical study. AB - Neutrophil kinetics in peripheral blood were studied with DF32P-labeled cells in eight patients during severe acute bacterial infection. Contrary to previous studies in man, the blood transit time of labeled neutrophils was short and the neutrophil turnover rate increased, up to ten times the normal, during the early phases of infection. This early phase was followed by a period in which the specific neutrophil radioactivity in the blood remained constant for up to 50 hours, probably indicating that in early convalescence neutrophil egress from the bone marrow to the blood is almost stopped. The demonstration of increased neutrophil turnover may seem to illustrate what might be considered an obvious fact, but is in contrast to previous findings and seems to obviate the prevailing theory of quantitatively unchanged but redistributed neutrophil kinetics during bacterial infection in man. The mechanism which apparently abruptly stops neutrophil egress from the bone marrow to the blood during early convalescence is unknown. PMID- 717063 TI - The shock liver. Clinical and biochemical findings in patients with centrilobular liver necrosis following cardiogenic shock. AB - Five patients with severe heart disease developed cardiogenic shock of more than 24 hours' duration. As a sequela to the shock, severe liver affection was demonstrated. Serum aspartate aminotransferases and serum lactate dehydrogenases showed very high activities. The prothrombin-proconvertin index was reduced to less than 25% of the normal. Four of the patients were jaundiced. The condition gave rise to some differential diagnostic problems. Liver biopsies were available from four of the patients, and histological examination of an autopsy specimen of the liver was performed in each case. The liver histology showed centrilobular necrosis and haemorrhage in all patients. It seems that centrilobular fibrosis develops later in the condition. The pathogenesis of this liver affection is probably hypoxic injury to the centrilobular areas of the liver lobule due to reduced liver blood flow. PMID- 717064 TI - Thallium intoxication treated with long-term hemodialysis, forced diuresis and Prussian blue. AB - A 56-year-old woman, who ingested 2 g of thallium sulfate, was successfully treated with long-term hemodialysis for 200 hours during ten days, combined with forced diuresis and Prussian blue. The effect of the artificial kidney dialysis was determined by repeated analysis of the thallium concentration in the dialysis bath and in blood samples. During the first 120 hours of hemodialysis, 143 mg of thallium was eliminated via the artificial kidney and 110 mg via the urinary tract. The present case of acute thallium intoxication is the first in which long term hemodialysis has been used in the acute phase together with forced diuresis and Prussian blue. The data obtained are compared to those obtained from cases treated with hemodialysis in the past. It is concluded that treatment with hemodialysis should be considered as an important supplement to treatment with forced diuresis and Prussian blue in cases of thallium intoxication. PMID- 717065 TI - A three-dimensional reconstruction method preserving light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic information. PMID- 717066 TI - Articular surfaces of the knee joint. PMID- 717067 TI - Histochemistry of ovarian changes in the house lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis. PMID- 717068 TI - Benign lesions of the cervical spine. AB - Benign tumours of the spine are infrequent. Among the bony lesions occurring in children and adolescents are osteochondroma, benign osteoblastoma, and aneurysmal bone cyst. Although more than 50% of the osteochondromas are found in patients below 20 years of age, their incidence in the vertebrae is very low. In contrast, benign osteoblastoma and aneurysmal bone cyst are rare lesions, but occur relatively commonly in the spine. A case report of each of these bony lesions is presented. The symptomatology, the characteristic radiological and pathological appearance, and the appropriate treatment of these benign lesions of the spine are described. PMID- 717069 TI - Results of laminectomy in spinal cord compression due to tumours. AB - In the neurosurgical clinic of the University of Groningen 67 patients were admitted during 8 years with a diagnosis of spinal cord compression by a tumour. Fifthy-three patients had an epidural tumour mass and 14 an intradural tumour. Of the epidural tumour patients became ambulatory, 20 (37.7%) while in the intradural group 78.5% of the patients were improved. The possible pathogenesis of the transverse lesions is discussed, and the necessity for further clinical research is stressed. PMID- 717070 TI - Prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc with partial or total occlusion of the spinal canal. A study of 30 patients with and 28 patients without cauda equina symptoms. AB - The clinical findings and operation results in two series of patients with medial prolapse of an intervertebral disc with total or partial occlusion of the spinal canal are reported. In one of the series (30 patients) symptoms of cauda equina compression, with bladder and rectal disturbances, were present, and in the other series (28 patients) these symptoms were absent. The observation period was five years (median value). The late results are evaluated in relation to the time interval between the onset of symptoms and operation. In the series with caudal compression syndrome, sphincter disturbances persisted in 10 patients, six of whom underwent operation during the first week after the onset of symptoms. The prognosis was most favourale when the symptoms developed slowly. Seventeen patients have returned to work. The importance of early operation in patients with classical compression syndrome of the cauda equina is emphasized. In the series without caudal compression syndrome, the symptomatalogy varied. The duration of symptoms was strikingly long. Only 19 patients are able to work. The others are prevented from working by persistent backache and leg pains, and in four cases by pareses of the extremities. In these cases also the importance of early operation is stressed. PMID- 717071 TI - Congenital stenosis of lumbar spinal canal: comparison of results of surgical treatment for this and other causes of lumbar syndrome. AB - The operative results in 37 consecutive patients suffering from developmental stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal, compared with those in spondylosis and disc herniations, are discussed. The diagnostic certainty of stenosis, suspected on the bases of clinical and radiographic data, is reached only at the operating table. To judge the usefulness of the operation we have considered not only the patients' verdicts, but also the improvements in neurological signs and the appearance of new deficits. Satisfactory results are around 80%, slightly less good with stenosis than with the other causes of lumbar syndrome. Radiographic study with contrast medium is mandatory. Dimer-X has been used with very clear radiographic findings and very few complications. Operating technique is also described: a wide laminectomy with facetectomy is advised. The great importance of early physiotherapy is emphasized. PMID- 717072 TI - Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. AB - Two cases of redundant nerve roots syndrome are presented. Both cases displayed coiled and elongated nerve roots of cauda equina, associated with proliferated fibrous tissue on the ligamentum flavum or with spondylosis and disc protrusion compressing the caudal dural sac. The pathogenesis of the syndrome of redundant nerve roots is briefly discussed. PMID- 717073 TI - Meningiomas of the third ventricle. AB - Intraventricular third ventricle meningiomas are very rare. Fourteen cases have been previously reported. We present a case of third ventricle meningioma, and discuss aetiology, pathology, symptoms, signs, position in the ventricle, and surgical approaches. PMID- 717074 TI - Cytological alterations in alumina cream experimental epilepsy. AB - The cellular changes in the neighbourhood of an alumina cream epileptogenic focus and in the mirror focus in chronic experiments in cats have been studied. According to the neuroglial morphology, four layers are described around the alumina cream lesion. At an ultrastructural level, and increase in gap junctions with a great amount of gliofilaments in astroglial processes are observed. There is a decrease in the number of neurons in the vicinity of the alumina cream. Some are coated by glial processes filled with gliofilaments. The dendrites of the pyramidal neurons in the mirror focus show long mitochondria. The possible significance of these data, in relation with the current theories about epileptogenicity, are discussed. PMID- 717075 TI - Proceedings of the 29th annual meeting of the Nordisk Neurokirurgisk Forening (Scandinavian Neurosurgical Society) September 1--3, 1977, Reykjavik, Iceland. PMID- 717076 TI - [Comparative psychiatry]. PMID- 717077 TI - [Psychiatric changes in patients on hemodialysis]. PMID- 717079 TI - [Transient acantholytic dermatosis]. PMID- 717078 TI - [Polymastia. Apropos of 9 cases]. PMID- 717080 TI - [Sezary's syndrome. Clinical, hematological and evolutive aspects]. PMID- 717081 TI - [Current treatment in diseases of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 717083 TI - [Application of plate thermography in stomatology]. PMID- 717082 TI - [Free gingival grafts. Technical and esthetic improvements]. PMID- 717084 TI - [Management of various severe abnormalities of the upper incisors]. PMID- 717086 TI - [Realities and prospects of the scanner in odonto-stomatology]. PMID- 717085 TI - [Recent concepts about the narrowness of the dental arch]. PMID- 717087 TI - [Bacterial fixation enzymes of dental plaque. Current research on their inhibitors]. PMID- 717088 TI - [Humoral immunity and periodontal disease]. PMID- 717089 TI - Treatment goal preference and problem perception of chronic alcoholics: behavioral and personality correlates. PMID- 717090 TI - Environmental influences on drinking by college students in a college pub: behavioral observation in the natural environment. PMID- 717091 TI - Differences in eating patterns of successful and unsuccessful dieters, untreated overweight and normal weight individuals. PMID- 717092 TI - Differential restaurant patronage of obese and nonobese people. PMID- 717094 TI - Predictors of outcome and recidivism in smoking cessation treatment. PMID- 717093 TI - Continued contact and monitoring as follow-up strategies: a long-term study of obesity treatment. PMID- 717095 TI - Comparison of satiation and rapid smoking in self-managed smoking cessation. PMID- 717097 TI - Temporal analysis of cigarette smoking. PMID- 717096 TI - A situation-specific model for smoking behavior. PMID- 717098 TI - "Consonant" and "dissonant" smokers and the self-attribution of addiction. PMID- 717099 TI - The differentiation of rat ova during cleavage. PMID- 717100 TI - Cell types and connectivity patterns in mosaic retinas. PMID- 717101 TI - Importance of 25-hydroxylation to the renal tubular actions of vitamin D metabolites. PMID- 717102 TI - Has vitamin D a direct renal effect on the tubular reabsorption of phosphate? A study in parathyroidectomized (PTX) and non-PTX man. AB - The effect of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha-OH-D3) on the renal handling of phosphate and the immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in serum (i-PTH) has been studied in 10 patients with a wide range of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), maximal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TmP) and i-PTH. The patients were treated with 2 microgram 1alpha-OH-D3 per day for approximately 80 days. Before and after this period of treatment, the TmP, i-PTH, 51Cr EDTA clearance, extracellular volume, standard bicarbonate, and serum calcium were measured in each patient. The TmP/GFR ratio was used as an index of the renal handling of phosphate. The index increased significantly (mean 26.5%, p less than 0.01) during the treatment, while i-PTH decreased significantly (mean 37.0%, p less than 0.01). A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between the TmP/GFR index and i-PTH both before (r = -0.87; p less than 0.001) and after (r = -0.79; p less than 0.01) the administration of 1alpha-OH-D3, while none of the other factors investigated were correlated to the index. This may suggest that the stimulating effect of biologically active vitamin D on the tubular reabsorption of phosphate is mediated via the parallel suppression of PTH, but does not exclude that biologically active vitamin D exerts a direct effect on the human renal tubule. Therefore, the effect of 1alpha-OH-D3 was studied in 5 totally parathyroidectomized patients, in whom concomitant suppression of PTH would not occur. Estimation of TmP/GFR was performed 1) when the patients were vitamin D depleted and hypocalcemic, and 2) after 14-27 days of treatment with 1alpha-OH-D3 to obtain stable normocalcemia. In patients with absent parathyroid function, no increasing effect of 1alpha-OH-D3 on TmP/GFR could be demonstrated. It is therefore concluded 1) that 1alpha-OH-D3 exhibits no antiphosphaturic effect in the absence of PTH and 2) that the previously demonstrated antiphosphaturic effect of 1alpha-OH-D3 in man is mediated via a concomitant suppression of PTH. PMID- 717103 TI - Vitamin D-dependent phosphate transport by chick intestine: inhibition by low Na+ and N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 717105 TI - Further evidence supporting the phosphate leak hypothesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria. PMID- 717104 TI - Visceral calcification and the CaXP product. AB - The authors studied the presence of visceral calcification as evidenced by the visceral uptake of bone-seeking radionuclides during the course of a bone scan among 22 patients with terminal renal failure maintained on dialysis, nine patients with hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy, and nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Uptake by the lungs or stomach was observed in 11 renal failure patients (50%) and in four of those with malignancy and hypercalcemia (44%). None of the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had evidence of visceral calcification. The serum CaXP product was significantly higher among those with visceral calcification than those without. The results of this study indicate that a CaXP product of 60 represents the saturation product of calcium phosphate in serum above which spontaneous precipitation of this salt may occur in such viscera as stomach and lungs. PMID- 717106 TI - Evidence for a renal PO4 leak in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. PMID- 717107 TI - Renal handling of phosphate in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (less than 1.3 kg): effects of calcium and sodium intake. AB - Five patient groups of VLBW infants with the same P-intake but varying Ca and Na intake were examined as to their urinary excretion of P and Na and on their renal clearance of P. The effect of increasing the Na intake from 1.5 to 3 mEq/kg/24 h on C(P) was also examined. In the control group of infants with an intake of 210 mg Ca and 80 mg P/kg/24 h, the C(P) was significantly correlated with postnatal, but not postconceptional age. A relatively low Ca intake of 100 mg/kg/24 h led to age-related values two to three times as high, whereas Ca supplementation to a total intake of 250 mg/kg/24 h decreased the C(P) significantly. A Ca intake of 175 mg/kg/24 h led to C(P) similar to those seen with one of 100 mg/kg/24 h. Changing the Na intake from 1,5 to 3 mEq/kg/24 h did not influence the C(P). There was no correlation between UP and UNa in any of the patient groups examined. PMID- 717108 TI - Endocrine regulation of plasma phosphate in sheep fetuses with catheters implanted in utero. PMID- 717109 TI - Interrelations between phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and phosphate excretion in the normal and uremic dog. PMID- 717110 TI - Recent progress in renal handling of phosphate. PMID- 717111 TI - Phosphate depletion and adenine nucleotide metabolism in kidney and liver. PMID- 717112 TI - The effects of phosphate depletion on bone. AB - Phosphate depletion causes significant changes in the composition of the cell population in bone and the metabolic activities of these cells. The data presented indicate that a vitamin D metabolite has a significant role in producing the increase in osteoclast number associated with phosphate depletion. The increased resorptive activity and number of osteoclasts leads to a marked increase in the rate of bone resorption resulting in the liberation of calcium phosphate, while the decrease in the rates of the processes involved in bone formation (matrix production, osteoid maturation, and mineralization) reduces the amount of phosphate which is removed from the circulation. Thus, all of the effects of phosphate depletion on bone are consistent with the interpretation that bone acts as a reservoir of phosphate and is used to maintain soft tissue and serum phosphate levels at the expense of bone. PMID- 717113 TI - The biochemical indices of experimental phosphorus depletion (PD): a re examination of their physiological implications. PMID- 717114 TI - Effects of phosphorus depletion on left ventricular energy generation. PMID- 717116 TI - Renal tubular phosphate reabsorption in the phosphate depleted dog. PMID- 717115 TI - Effect of dietary phosphorus deprivation on renal handling of calcium and phosphorus. PMID- 717117 TI - Low phosphorus intake and vitamin D metabolism and expression in rats. PMID- 717118 TI - Effect of PTH on osteocyte ultrastructure. AB - Osteocyte ultrastructure was studied in the cortical bone of the tibia of rats after acute or chronic administration of supraphysiological doses of PTH. Confirming previous reports, an increase in the width of the cytoplasm with the appearance of numerous thin cytoplasmic processes, an increase in rough ergastoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, an increase in lacunar width and lysis of the lacunar wall ("brush border" after Bonucci) were observed. Particularly striking was the appearance of numerous microfilaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of activated osteocytes. The appearance of microfilaments, often densely packed in cytoplasmic processes or running parallel to the plasma membrane, points to a role of the cytoskeleton in mediating the effects of PTH on conformational changes of the plasma membrane (and possible on cell motility); microtubules were particularly prominent in the Golgi field and are presumably involved in the exocytosis of lysosomes. Another striking feature was the non-random distribution of periosteocytic osteolysis along the lacunar perimeter. Osteolysis was particularly pronounced at the cell pole opposite to the cell nucleus. After chronic administration of PTH, autolysis of osteocytes, associated with signs of excessive periosteocytic osteolysis, was frequently encountered. PMID- 717119 TI - Effects of parathyroid hormone and dietary phosphorus on the decreased synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats with graded reduction of nephron mass. PMID- 717120 TI - Effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on serum calcium, phosphate, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in dogs. PMID- 717121 TI - Calcium-induced modulation of the tubulin pool in parathyroid glands. PMID- 717122 TI - Parathyroid hormone metabolism in normal and uremic man. PMID- 717123 TI - Attempts to demonstrate phosphate secretion in the rat. PMID- 717124 TI - Phosphate and glucose transport in the proximal convoluted tubule: mutual dependency on sodium. PMID- 717125 TI - Factors involved in the altered phosphate reabsorption during phosphate loading in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. PMID- 717126 TI - Effect of volume expansion on phosphate transport in uremic dogs. PMID- 717127 TI - Micropuncture study of phosphorus transport in genetic hypophosphatemic mice. PMID- 717128 TI - Regulation of the tubular transport of phosphate in the rat: role of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The reduced capability of the tubular Pi transport to adapt to a high Pi diet in TPTX rats can be normalized by physiological doses of 1,25-(OH)2D3. This suggests that the chronic consequence of a lack of PTH could be due, at least in part, to the reduced production of 1,25-(OH)2D3. The mechanism of Pi adaptation appears to be the most important regulator of Pi excretion in the growing rats, since it can markedly alter the acute phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone. PMID- 717129 TI - Clinical and pathological aspects of arterial thrombosis and thromboembolism. PMID- 717130 TI - Platelets, thrombosis and atherosclerosis. PMID- 717131 TI - Thrombosis and atherosclerosis. PMID- 717132 TI - Endothelium 1977: a review. PMID- 717133 TI - Atherosclerosis and inflammation. PMID- 717134 TI - The thrombotic process in atherogenesis. Summary of workshop a: endothelium. PMID- 717135 TI - The thrombotic process in atherogenesis. Summary of workshop 1b: smooth muscle. PMID- 717136 TI - Risk factors for atherosclerosis. PMID- 717137 TI - Relationship of risk factors for atherosclerosis to arterial thrombosis. PMID- 717138 TI - Possible effects of risk factors on fibrinolysis. PMID- 717139 TI - Atherogenesis: the process from normal to lesion. PMID- 717140 TI - Hypercholesterolemia and platelets. PMID- 717142 TI - Light and electron microscopy of human atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 717141 TI - Pilot epidemiological studies in thrombosis. AB - Some differences in the blood of farmers in Nurmijarvi, Finland, Canino, Italy, and Beltsville, Maryland in the United States apparently were associated with differences, among the areas, in the farmers' diets. Those associations suggested that diets that are high in saturated fats (Nurmijarvi) could predispose humans to develop intravascular disease. Such predisposition has been observed in experimental animals. Low levels of the parameters that are considered active in such predisposition apparently were associated with diets that were low in saturated fats (Canino) or with diets that were low in saturated and high in unsaturated fats (Beltsville). Within the limits of the experimental design, the data from the three population groups indicated that a more comprehensive study might establish a relation between diet and intravascular disease in humans. PMID- 717143 TI - Lipid-membrane interactions of platelets, coagulation and the arterial wall at the molecular level. Summary of workshop 2a: lipid-membrane interactions of platelets and coagulation. PMID- 717145 TI - The thrombotic process and atherogenesis in specific arterial injury. Summary of workshop 3a: Hemodynamic injury. PMID- 717144 TI - Lipid-membrane interactions of platelets, coagulation and the arterial wall at the molecular level. Summary of workshop 2b: lipid-membrane interactions of platelets and coagulation with the arterial wall. PMID- 717146 TI - The thrombotic process and atherogenesis in specific arterial injury. Summary of workshop 3b: Immunologic injury. PMID- 717147 TI - Atherothrombology. PMID- 717149 TI - Assay of fibrinopeptides A and B and of released platelet proteins as a measure of activation of hemostasis. PMID- 717148 TI - Assays for hypercoagulability. PMID- 717150 TI - Gastrointestinal hormones and pathology of the digestive system. PMID- 717151 TI - The gastrointestinal hormones: an overview. PMID- 717152 TI - Role of the small bowel in regulating serum gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels and gastric acid secretion. PMID- 717153 TI - Endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract: general aspects, ultrastructure and tumor pathology. PMID- 717154 TI - Cimetidine treatment in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 717155 TI - Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and insulin concentrations in sera from patients with gastrinoma. PMID- 717156 TI - Hormonal control of the lower esophageal sphincter in man and dog: reevaluation of the present manometric method for diagnosis of GE reflux. PMID- 717157 TI - Progress in intestinal hormone research. PMID- 717158 TI - Enteropancreatic axis. PMID- 717159 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP). PMID- 717160 TI - Physiology and pathophysiology of GIP. PMID- 717161 TI - Gastric-glucagon: physiology and pathology. PMID- 717162 TI - Immunoreactive secretion release and pure pancreatic juice after duodenal infusion of bile in man. PMID- 717163 TI - Somatostatin and gastrointestinal secretion and motility. PMID- 717164 TI - How does a candidate peptide become a hormone? PMID- 717165 TI - The inhibitory action of somatostatin on the stomach. PMID- 717166 TI - Polypeptides in brain and gut: cholecystokinin-like peptides. PMID- 717167 TI - Prostaglandins and serotonin in diarrheogenic syndromes. PMID- 717168 TI - Prostaglandins and gastrointestinal secretion and motility. PMID- 717169 TI - Radioimmunoassay of secretin. PMID- 717170 TI - Radioimmunoassay of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in plasma. PMID- 717171 TI - Effects of bombesin and calcium on serum gastrin levels in patients with retained or excluded antral mucosa. PMID- 717172 TI - The gastrins: structure and heterogeneity. PMID- 717173 TI - Biological activity and clearance of gastrin peptides in dog and man: effects of varying chain length of peptide fragments. PMID- 717174 TI - Different forms of gastrin in peptic ulcer. PMID- 717175 TI - A model implicating altered macrophage function in H-2 linked nonresponsiveness to hen lysozyme. AB - Studies on the basis of differential responsiveness of H-2b mice to gallinaceous lysozymes suggest T cell involvement and active T cell suppression with those lysozymes not responded to. Results from other laboratories suggesting a directive role for macrophages through limited presentation are summarized. A model is presented proposing that suppressors (recognizing a determinant only on lysozymes not responded to) are present in all strains; that suppression requires antigen bridging between suppressor determinant and positive T determinant; that this bridge is disrupted in all strains but H-2b; and that this failure to disrupt the antigen bridge is a result of a genetically (Ia) controlled loss of a normal macrophage processing step. PMID- 717177 TI - Lymphocyte membrane structure: introduction. PMID- 717176 TI - Immune responses of inbred guinea pigs and mice to helical sequential polymers of amino acids. AB - The immune responses against the sequential polypeptides; (T-G-A-Gly)n, (T-A-G Gly)n, (Phe-G-A-Gly)n and (Phe-A-G-Gly)n were studied in inbred guinea pigs and mice. Strain 13 guinea pigs responded to (Phe-G-A-Gly)n and (T-G-A-Gly)n whereas strain 2 guinea pigs responded to (T-A-G-GLY)n and (Phe-A-G-Gly)n. These responses which are linked to MHC, are only against the helical form of the polymers which have conformational determinants. Significant cross reactions at the humoral and T cell levels (PELS) are exhibited with the following reciprocal combinations: (Phe-G-A-Gly)n and (T-G-A-Gly)n; (T-A-G-Gly)n and (Phe-A-G-Gly)n. With mice, the polymers were shown to be T dependent with the following response patterns: mice of H-2b haplotype respond against (T-G-A-Gly)n; those of H-2b, f and r haplotypes respond against (T-A-G-Gly)n. There are no responders against (Phe-G-A-Gly)n and only mice of H-2f respond against (Phe-A-G-Gly)n. "Nonresponders" respond against the MBSA aggregates of all of these polymers. The Ir gene(s) controlling these T cell dependent H-linked responses mapped to the IA subregion. Antibody responses against (T-G-A-Gly) and (T-A-G-Gly) were quite variable, and were most marked in, F1 mice of (responder and nonresponder) and in backcross populations of (F1 x R) and (F1 x NR). However, the T cell proliferative responses performed with nylon wool purified T cells gave clear cut and predictable distinctions between "responders" and nonresponders and linkage with responding haplotype. Hypotheses advanced to explain these findings relate to the poor immunogenicity (antibody) of these polymers, which have a restricted number of repeating determinants, the B cell mitogenic properties of these polymers and the possible involvement of suppressor cells. The specificities of the humoral responses, i.e. cross reactions, were similar to those found in guinea pigs. However, in contrast to the guinea pig studies cross stimulation with structurally related polymers occurred only in those situations where the immunizing and "crossreacting" polymers were both immunogenic in mice of the same haplotype, i.e., (T-A-G-Gly)n and (Phe-A-G-Gly)n in mice of H-2f haplotypes. PMID- 717178 TI - Lymphocyte differentiation as analyzed by the expression of defined cell surface markers. PMID- 717179 TI - Effect of dimaprit on gastric acid secretion in conscious cats. AB - Gastric acid secretion was studied in conscious cats with gastric fistulas. Dimaprit and Nalpha,5-dimethylhistamine produced higher maximal responses than histamine. In the presence of pyrilamine, the maximal response to histamine was equal to that of dimaprit. Pyrilamine increased submaximal but not maximal responses to pentagastrin. Cimetidine decreased the potency of dimaprit but did not alter the maximal response. Gastric acid secretion continued for 90 min after infusion of dimaprit was stopped. Possible mechanisms for the enhancement of acid secretion by pyrilamine include: (a) blocking of an inhibitory histamine H1 receptor and (b) inhibition of histamine methyltransferase. PMID- 717180 TI - Active bronchial anaphylaxis in the rat: inhibition by tiaramide. AB - Intravenous administration of the benzothiazoline derivative tiaramide hydrochloride, to rats actively sensitized to ovalbumin, inhibited immunologic lung reactions in a dose-related manner. Methysergide also inhibited anaphylactic lung reactions. Serotonin, but not other chemical mediators, produced changes in pulmonary mechanics qualitatively similar to those produced by the sensitizing antigen. The bronchoconstrictive action of serotonin was blocked by methysergide and tiaramide. The latter drug also inhibited bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine. The results implicate serotonin as the primary mediator of the respiratory component of systemic anaphylaxis in the rat: however, the mechanism by which tiaramide inhibits anaphylactic bronchoconstriction remains to be elucidated. PMID- 717181 TI - Histamine degradative potential of ascorbic acid: considerations and evaluations. PMID- 717182 TI - Regional levels of histamine in rat brain after microwave irradiation: evidence for artifacts in the enzymatic--isotopic assay. AB - Histamine levels in the brain, measured fluorimetrically, were similar for rats killed by decapitation and microwave irradiation. However, enzymatic--isotopic assay yields 5--20 times higher value for microwave irradiation versus decapitation. Thin layer chromatography of the methylated products in the enzymatic--isotopic assay indicated the formation of artifacts following microwave irradiation. The results strongly suggest that a combination of microwave irradiation and enzymatic--isotopic assay is not suitable for histamine analysis in the rat brain. PMID- 717183 TI - Simple laboratory procedures for the evaluation of topically-active anti inflammatory drugs. PMID- 717184 TI - Cutaneous blood flow measurements: a standardization of the microsphere assay for vasoactive agents. PMID- 717185 TI - Induction of cytokines by tilorone hydrochloride. AB - Tilorone hydrochloride, an interferon inducer in small laboratory animals, was demonstrated to elicit formation of macrophage migration affecting and microbial growth inhibitory cytokines after peroral drug administration to mice. Serum kinetics of the migration inhibitory cytokine resembled those of interferon, exhibiting a peak after about 24 h, whereas the bactericidal cytokine showed a steady increase up to 48 h after drug treatment. Both the factors were found to have molecular weights of 10,000--30,000 daltons as determined by Sephadex G-200 chromatography, to be stable at pH 2 and at 56 degrees C for 30 min, sensitive to chymotrypsin and resistant to RNase digestion. The migration enhancing serum activity could not finally be characterized so far. The physicochemical data are discussed in comparison to those of lymphocyte-derived cytokines. It is suggested that cytokine production may be, at least partially, responsible for the immunological effects of tilorone and possibly contribute to its antiviral action. PMID- 717186 TI - Inhibition of adjuvant-induced arthritis in the hyperuricemic rat. AB - In man, there is a strong negative correlation between gout and rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate this apparent mutual exclusion, we studied the influence of oxonate-induced hyperuricemia on the development of adjuvant arthritis in male Wistar rats. The results indicate that in the primary reaction (inflammation of the injected paw) the differences are weak (0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05) between normouricemic and hyperuricemic rats. In hyperuricemic rats the secondary reaction (induced polyarthritis) is delayed and significantly reduced (p less than 0.005). Non-immunologic carrageenin paw edema is not statistically different between the two groups (p greater than 0.25). Experimental hyperuricemia in rats seems to influence essentially the secondary, cell mediated, reaction without affecting the acute inflammatory phases. PMID- 717187 TI - Anti-inflammatory effect of sialic acid. AB - Sialic acid was shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties as measured by carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema and pleurisy tests. As the number of leukocytes mobilized was significantly reduced it was concluded that the inhibitory effect of sialic acid on leukocyte accumulation is responsible for the inhibition of exudate/oedema formation. PMID- 717189 TI - [Studies on spectral sensitivity curves of the cone pigments (author's transl)]. PMID- 717188 TI - Doxorubicin-induced hypotension in the beagle dog. PMID- 717190 TI - [A quantitative analysis of congenital trochlear nerve palsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 717191 TI - [Long-term results of retinal detachment surgery. II. Findings of the anterior segment and the lens (author's transl)]. PMID- 717192 TI - [Experimental fungal keratitis due to fusarium--improvement of inoculation technique and re-examination of animal model (author's transl)]. PMID- 717193 TI - [Studies on the nature of the oscillatory potential of the human electroretinogram. I. Scotopic oscillatory potentials (on response) (author's transl)]. PMID- 717194 TI - [Studies on the nature of the oscillatory potential of the human electroretinogram. II. Photopic oscillatory potential (on, off response) (author's transl)]. PMID- 717195 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of a long term light deprived rabbit retina. Report 1. The changes of the pigment epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 717196 TI - [Acute poisoning of in vitro rabbit retinas by FeCl3 added to a perfusate (author's transl)]. PMID- 717197 TI - [Experimental studies of some methods in retinal detachment surgery by fluorescein angiography. Report 2. Scleral buckling operation with silicone rod (author's transl)]. PMID- 717198 TI - [Non-opportunistic pseudotumoral lung cryptococcosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 717199 TI - [Phlebography as diagnostic aid in pulmonary thrombo-embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 717200 TI - [Animal tuberculosis in Belgium (author's transl)]. PMID- 717201 TI - Growth retardation in children with chronic asthma in the absence of prolonged steroid therapy. AB - Height and weight measurements were made on 380 boys and 219 girls age 4 to 20 with chronic asthma and compared with normal values from National Center for Health Statistics Growth Charts. These patients were not on prolonged steroid therapy. Heights and weights were both significantly lower than normal (P less than 0.005 for height and P less than 0.01 for weight) for the total sample and for some individual age groups for boys, but reached normal values by age 19 and 20. Average height percentiles for boys with early onset (age 0 to 2 years) were at the 25 percentile level but improved with later ages of onset. Height and weight of girls were not affected significantly by chronic asthma. Growth retardation in asthmatic boys appears to be linked with delayed sexual maturation. PMID- 717202 TI - Allergy and experimental chronic broncho-pneumopathy. AB - House dust is a mixture of specific and non-specific stimulating factors. More particularly it contains a wide range of irritating factors, antigens, responsible for the production of immediate and delayed allergic reactions, moulds, microbes, etc. It may therefore be understood that inhalation of house dust induces in the respiratory tract of treated rats various reactive pictures. These pictures are, however, dominated by immuno-allergic reactions. Immuno allergic reactions are manifested by the dominant increase in plasma cells and lymphocytes. This increase generally occurs in the vicinity of connective tissue macrophages containing numerous dust granules, as if macrophagic digestion formed more active antigens from the dust. Sometimes in the proximity of these plasma cell aggregates, mast cells in the degranulation phase are observed. The release of histamine, serotonin, etc. which occurs with mast cell degranulation produces the intense tissue edema which is observed in these areas. An infiltration with eosinophils is also observed here probably drawn to the site on account of their protective, enzymatic, antihistaminic action. The morphological picture thus indicates the co-existence of two allergic reactive movements: one of the immediate type, the other of the delayed type linked to specific allergens of the mixture of antigens present in house dust. The stimulus of the inhalation of house dust also includes the possible action of microbes, irritants, etc. which produce regressive changes in the tissue, attract polymorphs and stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts so that more or less wide area of tissue undergo a fibrous transformation. Such changes may be found in the pulmonary parenchyma as well as in the bronchial mucosa. The concordance of these findings with those of chronic bronchitis in man appear sufficiently important to attribute, a predominantly allergic pathogenesis to both pathological conditions. This concept obviously does not exclude other etiopathogenetic factors which under certain environmental or constitutional conditions, may in various degrees be also included in the overall picture of respiratory tissue reactivity. PMID- 717203 TI - [Inhibition of expontaneous cytotoxicity and antibody dependency by rheumatoid synovial fluid]. AB - A number of authors have pointed out a diminution of ADCC (Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity) in lymphocytes from peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has also been found that the addition of rheumatoid serum inhibits ADCC and also spontaneous cellular cytotoxicity (SCC). This effect could be the result of blocking of effector cell receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG by anti-immunoglobulins and/or immune complexes, present in great quantities in rheumatoid serum. We investigated the effect of synovial fluid on the ADCC and SCC shown by purified suspensions of lymphocytes from healthy donors and RA patients towards chicken erythrocytes tagged with 51 Cr. The samples of synovial fluid from patients with RA or arthrosis did not influence per se the spontaneous release of 51 Cr, once their complement had been removed. Seven-eight of the rheumatoid synovial fluid (RSF) produced a significant decline (p less than 0.01) of SCC. Lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of RA patients showed a greater decline in SCC after the addition of RSF than those from healthy subjects (p less than 0.02). In 14/16 RSF and 5/7 samples of arthrosis synovial fluid (ASF) the ability to diminish ADCC significantly (P less than 0.01) was shown. RSF maintained this inhibitory effect in 1:40 and 1:80 dilutions, whereas in these conditions ASF had no effect on ADCC. RSF and ASF, before their complement was removed, showed an opposite effect, provoking an increase in cytotoxic activity, both SCC and ADCC, though in different proportions. These experiments show that RSF, like rheumatoid serum, inhibits ADCC and SCC, possibly by the same mechanism which blocks the Fc receptors by means of immune complexes, and coincides in its general lines with the recent findings of Diaz Jouanen et al. The pathogenetic implications of this phenomenon are difficult to clarify at present. Its occurrence in vivo would represent the establishment of a local block of cytotoxic effector cells (protector effect), which, on the other hand, would no longer be able to exercise their destructive action against cells responsible for the initiation and/or maintenance of articular damage (pathogenic effect). The non-participation of T cells, in these types of cytotoxicity, previously shown by other authors, accentuates the importance of thymus-independent regulatory systems in the mechanisms which maintain articular damage in RA. PMID- 717204 TI - Technology and the visual processing of verbal information by deaf people. PMID- 717205 TI - Hemispheric specialization of deaf children: are there any implications for instruction? PMID- 717206 TI - Developments in communication technology for the hearing impaired. Chapter 4. Videodisc. PMID- 717208 TI - Radio/teletype communications systems: an adjunct to television captions for the deaf. PMID- 717207 TI - Developments in communication technology for the hearing impaired. Chapter 5. Captioning at WGBH-TV. PMID- 717209 TI - Communication satellites: applications for the hearing impaired. PMID- 717210 TI - Developments in communication technology for the hearing impaired. Chapter 8. And where do we go from here? PMID- 717211 TI - The BEH marketing program: resources to provide materials for the hearing impaired. PMID- 717212 TI - Media development project for the hearing impaired. PMID- 717214 TI - Line 21, closed captioning of television programs--a progress report. PMID- 717213 TI - The use of amplification in education of the deaf. PMID- 717215 TI - The technology of instruction at Kendall Demonstration Elementary School. PMID- 717216 TI - Instructional technology at the Model Secondary School for the Deaf: a status report. PMID- 717217 TI - Gallaudet College media applications. PMID- 717218 TI - Applying media and technology in the development of communication skills for the deaf. PMID- 717219 TI - The electronic mailbox: a new communication tool for the hearing impaired. PMID- 717220 TI - Recognizing, confronting and helping the alcoholic. AB - Vomiting, amnesia, a history of falls and other injuries, and depression and anxiety may all be clues to a drinking problem. Decreased work performance, absenteeism and difficulty in getting along with others may be present. Coming to grips with the problem is essential. Once the patient accepts the need for abstinence, the use of disulfiram (Antabuse) and the support of Alcoholics Anonymous are both therapeutically valuable. PMID- 717221 TI - Electromyoneurography. AB - Electromyoneurography is the combined use of electromyography and electroneurography. Electromyography is useful in defining the cause and site of different myopathies, such as muscular dystrophy, myotonia and myasthenia, and lesions involving the motor neuron in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Electroneurography helps to localize the site of peripheral nerve disorders, such as radiculopathy and axonopathy. Use of the two procedures together enhances diagnostic capacity and, in some situations, may obviate the need for myelography. PMID- 717222 TI - Gynecologic cytology. AB - Cervical Pap smears should be initiated at the time a woman becomes sexually active or by 21 years of age. Additional sites for obtaining specimens include the vulva, vaginal wall, vaginal pool, cervix and endometrium, each serving a specific purpose. The primary use of vaginal pool cytology is to detect an abnormal endometrium or an extrauterine malignancy. Meticulous technique and knowledge of the types of yield from specific sites are required in order to obtain accurate cytologic information. PMID- 717223 TI - The anemic patient. PMID- 717224 TI - Influenza vaccines--fall 1978. PMID- 717226 TI - Exams may decrease the rate of senility. PMID- 717225 TI - Manikin is designed to teach detection of bowel cancer. PMID- 717227 TI - PKU children need prolonged, rigid diet, researchers indicate. PMID- 717229 TI - Inflexible NHI plans. PMID- 717228 TI - Physicians and the FTC. PMID- 717230 TI - TV ads and the FTC. PMID- 717231 TI - Diagnosing the common alopecias. AB - Ample scalp biopsies, including subcutaneous fat, are easily obtained by excision or punch biopsy. Using a knowledge of normal hair patterns and histologic features, the physician can identify common baldness, trichotillomania, alopecia areata, discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, tinea capitis and follicular mucinosis. While hair loss is usually of more psychologic than physiologic significance, accurate diagnosis can be of great importance. PMID- 717232 TI - Counseling sexual abuse victims. AB - Rape can cause tremendous physical, social and psychologic disruption which affects the victims, their families and friends, and the community. In the past, society has been quite remiss in its response to rape victims. Major attitudinal changes based on factual information must take place, because the attitudes and biases of those helping the victim can further victimize the sexually assaulted woman. PMID- 717233 TI - The role of acute myocardial infarction in sudden cardiac death--a statistician's nightmare. PMID- 717234 TI - Electrophysiological studies in four patients with atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction. AB - Electrophysiological studies of atrioventricular conduction during rapid atrial overdrive pacing and during programmed premature atrial stimulation are reported in four patients with an unusually rapid 1:1 ventricular response to atrial flutter (ventricular rates 240 to 310 per minute). Second-degree AV block development during atrial overdrive pacing at rates well below those during spontaneous atrial flutter. Although none of the four patients showed evidence of pre-excitation on the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram, evidence suggesting a partial AV nodal bypass was demonstrated at electrophysiological study in one case. It is postulated that the profile of the atrial wavefront presented to the normal AV node by atrial flutter differs from that during high right atrial pacing and may account for the lower ventricular rates achieved during high right atrial overdrive pacing than during spontaneous atrial flutter in the remaining three cases. PMID- 717235 TI - Leukocyte intracellular cations in hypertension: Effect of antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 717237 TI - Clinicopathologic study of the conduction systems in 10 patients with Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). AB - Clinicopathologic study of the conduction systems was done on ten hearts obtained at autopsy from patients with Kawasaki's disease. The pathologic lesions were discovered in the atrioventricular (AV) conduction system in nine out of 10 cases and in five of eight cases in the sinoatrial (SA) conduction system. The lesions of the AV conduction system were classified according to duration of illness at death. Eearly acute state (0 to 9 days) was characterized by inflammation with cellinfiltration and edema without coronary stenosis. The most severe acute stage (21 to 31 days) was characterized by severe compression of conduction cells without the diffuse necrosis due to severe perivascular edema and cell infiltration. In the end stage (48 days to 7 months), old changes with perivascular fibrosis and fatty infiltration without considerable loss of the conduction cells were noted. Coagulation necrosis of the conduction cells was not evident despite the severe coronary stenosis. Lesions in the conduction system are therefore acute and inflammatory. Pathology and electrocardiogram showed a good correlation in seven of eight cases. PQ prolongation was a sensitive indicator of acute inflammation of the AV conduction system in the present study. PMID- 717236 TI - Significance of P wave terminal force in presumably healthy middle-aged men. AB - In a material comprising 695 males aged 40 to 60 years without cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of abnormal P wave terminal force in V1 (V1Ptf) (less than or equal to - 0.03 mm. second) at rest was 7.1 per cent, whereas the prevalence five minutes after a near-maximal exercise test was 25.4 per cent. Abnormal V1Ptf was associated with a slightly higher systolic and diagstolic blood pressure, maximal rise of systolic blood pressure, and maximal rate pressure product during the exercise test. The prevalence of abnormal V1Ptf was not significantly higher in another group of 95 individuals who were angiographied because of strong suspicion of latent coronary heart disease (CHD) according to exercise electrocardiogram. An abnormal V1Ptf may be considered as a possibly clinically unimportant anomaly in otherwise healthy middle-aged men. V1Ptf is not suitable as a tool for the diagnosis of latent CHD. PMID- 717238 TI - Exercise tests, atrial pacing, and myocardial lactate extraction in relation to coronary arteriography in young patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 717239 TI - Effect of verapamil on normal sinoatrial node function and on sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 717240 TI - Protection of ischemic myocardium by whole-body hypothermia after coronary artery occlusion in dogs. AB - Anesthetized dogs were cooled to a core body temperature of 26 degree C. or maintained at a body temperature of 37 degree C. during periods of 5 and 10 hours of LAD coronary artery occlusion. Subsequent macroscopic dehydrogenase enzyme mapping showed that ischemic injury was 25 per cent less after 5 hours of coronary occlusion and 20 per cent less after 10 hours of occlusion in hypothermic dogs than in normothermic controls. The heart rate and left ventricular minute work in hypothermic dogs decreased to roughly half the levels measured in normothermic animals, while left ventricular contractility was 10 to 40 per cent lower in hypothermic dogs than in normothermic dogs. However, cardiac index and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were unchanged by whole-body cooling. Thus, hypothermia appeared to diminish the oxygen requirements of the ischemic myocardium without reducing the performance of the heart as a pump. Hypothermia may be useful as a therapeutic adjunct to myocardial revascularization or pharmacologic interventions. PMID- 717241 TI - Ouabain-induced Wenckebach conduction block in canine Purkinje fibers: the role of cycle length and time dependent changes in membrane potential. PMID- 717242 TI - Endocardial fibroelastosis: myocardial and vascular alterations associated with viral-like nuclear particles. AB - Although clinical, immunologic, and experimental evidence exists implicating in utero viral infection of the myocardium in the development of primary endocardial fibroelastosis, the infectious etiology of this condition remains somewhat controversial. To date, specific features of viral myocarditis and morphological demonstration of viral particles have not been described in EFE. The present case is the first in which extensive light microscopic and ultrastructural analysis of the myocardium revealed abnormalities consistent with a primary viral myocarditis associated with typical EFE. These alterations consisted of chronic myocardial inflammation, extensive interstitial fibrosis, severe degenerative changes in myocardial cells, and a marked proliferation of endothelial cells in large nad small intramyocardial vessels leading to vascular occlusions. In support of the infectious etiology of this disease, similar features were noted in skeletal muscle. Most interestingly, viral-like particles were observed in many myocardial and endothelial nuclei. Although we are not absolutely certain of the viral nature of these particles, their appearance suggests viral assoicated material. We propose that the presence of these particles in this case in association with the other morphological alterations in support for the viral etiology of EFE. The prominent vascular occlusion observed in the myocardium may be an important clue to the pathogenesis of fibroelastosis as either a primary or secondary disease. PMID- 717243 TI - Teflon felt embolism of coronary arteries after cardiac surgery: a case report. AB - A case is presented of fatal coronary embolism of Teflon felt used to buttress sutures in the placement of a Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis. The embolism occurred on the tenth postoperative day, lodging in the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery 5.5 cm. from the ostium, causing a large anterior myocardial infarct. The patient died in less than 24 hours following the infarct. A review of the literature indicates that this is the first reported case of clinically significant embolism of Teflon felt used in the placement of a Bjork-Shiley aortic valve. PMID- 717244 TI - Complex congenital heart disease: a multiplicity of therapeutic options. PMID- 717245 TI - Diuretics. PMID- 717246 TI - Sequential atrioventricular pacing with a single bipolar electrode catheter. PMID- 717247 TI - A reevaluation of intravenous quinidine. PMID- 717248 TI - Of testing, treating, and charging. PMID- 717249 TI - Main determinant of ECG voltage measurements. PMID- 717250 TI - Lactate production after left ventricular angiography in coronary artery disease. PMID- 717252 TI - Silent or asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. PMID- 717251 TI - Unusual cystic endocardial lesions. PMID- 717253 TI - Lenegre's disease in youth. PMID- 717254 TI - Physicians who dispense: why, when and how well? PMID- 717255 TI - Patient education: it's straightforward. PMID- 717256 TI - Cancers in the workplace: epidemic or overstated? PMID- 717257 TI - Grandfathered drugs of 1938. PMID- 717258 TI - When self-esteem counts: motivating employees to excel. PMID- 717259 TI - The mystery of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 717260 TI - Prescription "errors" should not occur. PMID- 717261 TI - The effect of chain length on glucose absorption and the related metabolic response. AB - The relative absorption of saccharides on different chain length has been reexamined. Whether glucose is administered as a monosaccharide, a disaccharide (maltose), an intermediate polysaccharide mixture with a mean chain length of five glucose units (Caloreen), or a polysaccharide (starch), the rate of rise and fall in blood glucose concentration is similar in healthy subjects. In a maturity onset diabetic, peak blood glucose is similar whether monosaccharide or Caloreen is ingested. Plasma insulin and plasma free fatty acid responses to glucose saccharide ingestion do not appear to be affected by chain length. The dietary form in which starch is administered, rather than chain length, is probably important. PMID- 717262 TI - The stone that the builders rejected. Presidential address. PMID- 717263 TI - The deoxyuridine suppression test in macrocytosis of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 717264 TI - Treatment of diarrheal dehydration. PMID- 717265 TI - Effect of dietary cholesterol on serum cholesterol. PMID- 717266 TI - The ponderostat and a physiological model of obesity. PMID- 717267 TI - Postpartum amenorrhea: hormones versus nutrition. PMID- 717268 TI - Free and choline assay. PMID- 717269 TI - Effect of alcoholic extract of garlic in atherosclerosis. PMID- 717271 TI - Elevated serum levels of unsaturated folate binding protein: clinical correlates in a general hospital population. AB - We measured the capactiy of unsaturated folate binding protein to bind 3H pteroylglutamic acid (UFBC) in serums from 489 general hospital patients. Of the patients 20% had mild-to-moderate elevations in UFBC (250 to 500 pg/ml), but only 6% had marked elevations (greater than 650 pg/ml), which correlated with metastatic cancer, active granulomatous disease, and especially with liver disease. The poor correlation of serum UFBC with folate status of the patient suggests that in many instances the elevated serum UFBC is neither the consequence nor the cause of folate deficiency. Although the role of folate binding protein remains unknown, it may be primarily an intracellular protein that is released into the serum as an index of activity of liver cells, granulocytes, and perhaps certain cancer cells. PMID- 717270 TI - Absorption of mono- and polyglutamyl folates in zinc-depleted man. AB - The effect of experimental zinc depletion on the intestinal absorption of mono- and polyglutamyl folates was assessed in six healthy male subjects by measuring the increase in serum folate after an oral dose of pteroylmonoglutamate and pteroylheptaglutamate before and after initiation of a zinc-deficient diet. At the beginning of the study, no differences were detected in the absorption of pteroylmono- and heptaglutamate. After zinc depletion, the rise in serum folate after an oral dose of pteroylheptaglutamate was reduced by an average of 53% while pteroylmonoglutamate absorption appeared to be unchanged. These data suggest that zinc depletion results in a decreased intestinal hydrolysis of pteroylpolyglutamate and that intestinal conjugase in man is a zinc-dependent enzyme. PMID- 717272 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis and pleuritis after ileal bypass for obesity. AB - A patient is presented who developed a granulomatous hepatitis and pleuritis approximately 7 months after an ileal bypass procedure for morbid obesity. Although the etiological agent was presumed to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis no pathogenic organism was grown from the liver, pleura, bone marrow, sputum, or gastric aspirate. The possibly increased susceptibility of these patients to mycobacterial infections is discussed. The value of obtaining serum levels of ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampin, in patients with malabsorption is stressed. Although this patient seemed to respond to antituberculous therapy, other possible causes for the granulomatous process are explored. PMID- 717273 TI - Prevalence of hyperostosis frontalis interna in relation to body weight. AB - In a prospective study, hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) was found to be present in 49% of the subjects. The group included 259 nuns between the ages of 60 and 80. A prevalence of 84% of HFI was found in the obese subjects (greater than 40% over ideal body weight) whereas in the thin subjects HFI was found to be present in only 16%. The possible relationship between adipose tissue mass and HFI is discussed. PMID- 717274 TI - Talc-coated rice as a risk factor for stomach cancer. AB - Analysis of data from Japan and Hawaii offers no support for the hypothesis that the use of talc-coated rice increases the risk of developing stomach cancer. This conclusion is based on the observation that Japanese in Japan have very high rates of stomach cancer but consume no talc-coated rice, that Japanese in Hawaii have intermediate rates of stomach cancer but consume considerable amounts of talc-coated rice, and that Filipinos in Hawaii have very low rates of gastric cancer but consume the highest amounts of talc-coated rice of these three groups. Furthermore, secular trends in gastric cancer incidence show a much greater decrease in the incidence of this tumor among the exposed Japanese in Hawaii than among the unexposed Japanese in Japan. PMID- 717275 TI - Breast cancer and diet among the Japanese in Hawaii. AB - Eighty-six Japanese men out of 6860 male participants in a prospective study of cancer were married to women who had breast cancer. These 86 men were compared with the remaining men by dietary factors that were identified during two different time periods. Based on the assumption that there is a similarity between husbands and wives in their dietary patterns, it was noted that the spouses of women with breast cancer consumed more beef or meat, butter/margarine/cheese, corn, and wieners than the other men. Furthermore, the breast cancer spouses also consumed less Japanese foods than controls, even though there were minimal differences between the two groups in other Oriental practices. These results suggest that certain American foods are important in the search for possible dietary factors related to the occurrence of breast cancer in women. PMID- 717276 TI - Fetal and infant nutrition and susceptibility to obesity. PMID- 717277 TI - Cultural and other barriers in the implementation of health programs. PMID- 717278 TI - Hormone-receptor assays and cancer of the breast. The pathologist's role. PMID- 717279 TI - An assay for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in leukocytes and bone marrow. AB - A modified technic for the assay of terminal transferase activity in leukocytes and bone marrow is presented. 3H-deoxyadenosine-5' -triphosphate serves as nucleotide donor and (dA)10 as primer. The reaction product is collected as a trichloroacetic acid precipitate, which is dissolved for radioactive quantitation. All reagents are commercially available, and the procedure has been designed to minimize cost and to provide low blank values. Excellent linearity between enzymatic concentration and activity and between time and activity is observed. Because the assay is carried out at conditions approaching the optimum for the enzyme, the measured activities are more than ten times those observed with previous methods. PMID- 717280 TI - Predictive values of erythrocyte indices for tests of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 deficiency. AB - The probabilities of low transferrin saturation, folic acid, or vitamin B12 levels in association with various erythrocyte indices was determined from the prevalences of these abnormalities and the distributions of the indices among 206 hospitalized and 1,000 ambulatory anemic patients. At mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) greater than 30 pg, the probability of low transferrin saturation was 0.04 for hospitalized patients and 0.14 for ambulatory anemic patients. For MCH less than 27 pg, the corresponding probabilities were 0.52 and 0.67. The probabilities of low vitamin B12 or folic acid levels among hospitalized anemic patients were 0.0011 for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) less than 95 cu micron and 0.18 for MCV greater than or equal to 95 cu micron, indicating that measurements of these vitamins are of very limited value in most cases of anemia. These findings indicate that in some patients, the erythrocyte indices are sufficiently predictive for or against deficiency states to facilitate decisions regarding further diagnostic tests, as opposed to the increasing tendency to order such tests regardless of the indices. PMID- 717281 TI - Use of microplate methods in paternity testing. PMID- 717282 TI - Endometrial lesions in uteri resected for atypical endometrial hyperplasia. AB - Resected uteri from a series of 48 consecutive patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia ("carcinoma in situ") identified in curettings were studied to determine the frequency of associated adenocarcinoma. Thirty-nine of the women had received estrogen or oral contraceptives. Twelve uteri (25%) contained small superficial foci interpreted as well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Consideration of this observation together with the absence of adenocarcinoma in the extensive experience reported in other studies of women with atypical hyperplasia treated with progestogens alone shows a deficit of patients with progression to invasive carcinoma. We reconcile this apparent conflict with the hypothesis that lesions classified as focal well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma occurring with atypical hyperplasia in perimenopausal women exposed to estrogen are common and are consistently reversed by progestogen therapy. PMID- 717283 TI - Increased incidence of positive tests for estrogen binding in mammary carcinoma specimens transported in liquid nitrogen. AB - Use of a liquid nitrogen container for convenient transport of frozen mammary carcinoma tissue for hormone-receptor assays is described. The container can be used in dry or wet mode and is appropriate for all types of transport, including air. Experience shows a significantly higher incidence of positive tests on specimens transported by this means than on specimens transported in dry ice. PMID- 717284 TI - Age dependence of serum enzymatic activities (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase) in healthy children and adolescents. AB - The activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase in sera of 1,033 children and adolescents aged 5 to 20 years were measured. The results showed significant deviation from the gaussian distribution. Because of differences between sexes and nonlinear relationship to age, sex- and age-related values for the 95th, 90th, and 5th percentiles are presented. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased markedly between 5 and 14 years of age in male subjects and 5 and 12 years of age in female subjects. The peak at puberty was more pronounced in boys than in girls. After puberty, activities decreased toward adult values. Aspartate aminotransferase activity showed a gradual significant decrease between 5 and 17 years of age in male subjects and 5 and 16 years of age in female subjects; then it remained steady until 20 years of age. Creatine kinase activity remained constant in male subjects between 5 and 12 years old, then rose to a maximum at 15 to 16 years of age before declining rapidly toward adult values. In female subjects, creatine kinase activity remained stable from 5 to 12 years of age, then decreased gradually in early adulthood. PMID- 717286 TI - A modified sensitive spectrofluorometric method for the determination of propranolol in serum. AB - A modification of the spectrofluorometric propranolol procedure of Shand and associates and Ambler and colleagues is presented. A 3-ml volume of propranolol in serum is made basic with sodium hydroxide and extracted with 1.5% isoamyl alcohol in n-heptane. The drug is back-extracted into a mixture of 0.01 M citric acid in 50% ethylene glycol and measured spectrofluorometrically with the use of 299 nm for excitation and 352 nm for emission. Excellent linearity is observed in the 25--200 ng/ml range. The effects of sodium hydroxide, citric acid, and ethylene glycol concentration on the procedure were investigated. Ethylene glycol -citric acid in water is a better back-extracting mixture from the organic phase than hydrochloric acid. Using pentyl acetate as the extracting solvent instead of isoamyl alcohol in n-heptane did not change significantly the amount of the drug extracted. Other extracting solvents investigated did not increase sensitivity. At high citric acid concentrations a decrease in fluorescence intensity was observed at 350 nm. Interferences from other drugs using this procedure were investigated. Quinidine, methaqualone, and procainamide interfere at therapeutic levels. PMID- 717285 TI - Elevations in serum copper, erythrocytic copper, and ceruloplasmin concentrations in smokers. AB - Previous investigators have reported significant elevations of serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels in lymphoma patients and subjects using estrogen, but have not taken into account the smoking habits of these populations. In order to determine whether smoking had any effect on these variables, the authors examined five groups for serum and erythrocytic copper and ceruloplasmin levels: 40 healthy subjects, 14 users of oral contraceptives, 25 smokers, 14 nonsmoking pretreatment lymphoma patients, and eight treated lymphoma patients. Significant elevations of serum copper and ceruloplasmin in pretreatment lymphoma patients, treated patients, and estrogen users were found, confirming previous reports. In addition, all groups had elevations of erythrocytic copper compared with the healthy subjects. Also, significant elevations of serum copper (P less than .0053) and ceruloplasmin (P less than .0001) were found in smoking relative to nonsmoking subjects. No correlation between duration of smoking and these elevations was found. PMID- 717287 TI - Standardization of a rapid microbiologic assay for aminoglycosides using Enterobacter cloacae. AB - The standardization of a rapid serum aminoglycoside assay using Enterobacter cloacae is described. This includes the sensitivity testing of the organism and its performance on various media, with Mueller-Hinton agar being the medium of choice. The precision and reproducibility of the assay, as measured by the within run and between-run coefficients of variation, were 5.0 and 5.9, respectively. A significant positive correlation was obtained between the microbiologic assay for gentamicin and a 125I-labeled gentamicin radioimmunoassay with the use of both normal and uremic sera. When known amounts of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were added to antibiotic-free sera from normal persons, recovery rates of 80.0% to 97.9% were found. In the case of gentamicin, recovery rates of 85.0% to 97.9% were found with the use of sera from patients undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. There were no effects on the recovery rates of the aminoglycosides from normal serum if high concentrations of clindamycin, methicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, cephalothin, cefamandole or cefoxitin were also present in the sera. The newer cephalosporins, cefamandole and cefoxitin, had no in-vitro effect on the Kirby-Bauer sensitivity patterns of gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin, when tested against the assay organism. PMID- 717288 TI - Combined vs. single-drug studies of susceptibilities of Mycobacterium kansasii to isoniazid, streptomycin, and ethambutol. AB - The effects of combined drugs were compared uith the effects of single drugs in vitro against Mycobacterium kansasii. The single drugs isoniazid 1.0 microgram/ml, streptomycin 2.0 microgram/ml, and ethambutol 5.0 microgram/ml and the combinations of 1.0 microgram/ml isoniazid and 2.0 microgram/ml streptomycin, 1.0 microgram/ml isoniazid and 5.0 ethambutal and 1.0 microgram/ml isoniazid, 2.0 microgram/ml streptomycin and 5.0 microgram/ml ethambutol were evaluated as to their effects on M. kansasii organisms from 22 patients with pulmonary mycobacterial disease. These drugs were incorporated into Middlebrook 7H11 medium. Colonial growth was then observed and assigned numerical values for statistical analysis. The results showed that isoniazid was not significantly better than ethambutol. Streptomycin, however, was significantly better than both isoniazid and ethambutol alone. The double combinations were better than the single drugs, with isoniazid--streptomycin being better than isoniazid- ethambutol. The combination isoniazid--ethambutol was not significantly better than streptomycin alone. However, the triple combination of isoniazid- streptomycin--ethambutol was markedly better than all single drugs, better than isoniazid--ethambutol, but not better than isoniazid--streptomycin. Combined-drug testing thus showed a pattern of susceptibility not demonstrated by single-drug testing. PMID- 717289 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic susceptibility tests with three tetracyclines. Reassessment of the "class concept" of disk testing. AB - Both aerobic and anaerobic susceptibility tests were performed with tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, using disk diffusion and agar dilution technics. The data were examined in order to reassess the concept of testing a single disk, representative of the tetracycline class of antimicrobics. All strains that were susceptible to a tetracycline disk were predictably susceptible to the tetracycline analogs. Some strains that gave zones in the resistant or intermediate range were susceptible or moderately susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline by agar dilution methods. However, disk tests with the more active analogs were often unproductive, since most tetracycline-resistant strains gave indeterminate results with doxycycline or minocycline disks. It was concluded that the "class concept" of disk testing is still appropriate and that tests with tetracycline disks predict susceptibility to the other tetracycline analogs reasonably well. PMID- 717290 TI - Elevated alkaline phosphatase in a hypoestrin--hyperthyroid patient. PMID- 717291 TI - Serum bile acid levels in protracted diarrhea of infancy. AB - Significant elevations in two glycine-conjugated serum bile acid levels (cholic and chenodeoxycholic) were detected in a majority of infants with intractable diarrhea of infancy. In contrast, children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease had values of serum bile acids within the normal range. Although intravenous alimentation and constant-infusion elemental diet may alter hepatic function, serum bile acid levels were also elevated in other infants with intractable diarrhea not treated by these methods. We hypothesize that endotoxemia or other unknown mechanisms together with therapy are exerting a detrimental effect on hepatic function. PMID- 717292 TI - Cerebellar medulloblastoma. An analysis of four cases of extraneural metastasis. AB - In four of 28 patients (14%) with medulloblastoma who were treated at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, over a 20-year period, extraneural metastases developed. In an effort to delineate the causal factors involved in extraneural metastases, salient features of patients with metastases and without metastases were compared. Suboccipital craniectomy, radiation therapy, and patient longevity were not well correlated with metastases. However, subarachnoid tumor spread was a consistent precursor. A ventriculoatrial shunt may have been a factor in one patient and a serious infection that preceded diffuse metastasis may have been a factor in another patient. Half of the patients with metastases were found to have the desmoplastic variety of medulloblastoma while only one of 24 patients without metastases had this tumor type. PMID- 717293 TI - Ring chromosome 13 in a child with minor dysmorphic features. Irregular phenotypic expression of ring 13 syndrome. AB - A patient with ring chromosome 13 had some physical and stigmata that to our knowledge have not been reported in previous articles. These include alopecia, scattered pigmentation, trigonocephaly, and telecanthic fold. This case reemphasizes how mitotic instability can produce clinical features during the critical period of organogenesis. PMID- 717294 TI - Picture of the month. Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome. PMID- 717295 TI - Radiological case of the month. Dyschondrosteosis. PMID- 717296 TI - Dural sinus thrombosis in leukemia. PMID- 717297 TI - Pelvic kidney: contraindication to herniography. PMID- 717298 TI - Multiple thromboemboli. PMID- 717299 TI - Meconium plug syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and exocrine pancreatic deficiency. PMID- 717300 TI - Coffin-Siris syndrome. PMID- 717301 TI - Infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 717303 TI - The nosology of failure to thrive. Why is psychosocial deprivation, its major cause, underdiagnosed? PMID- 717302 TI - Amphotericin B and maduromycosis. PMID- 717304 TI - The George Armstrong Award Lecture. Pediatrics. A perspective on the present and future of a proud profession. PMID- 717305 TI - Failure to thrive. The role of clinical and laboratory evaluation. AB - One hundred eighty-five patients hospitalized for evaluation to thrive were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen percent had proven organic etiologies. The specific organic diagnosis was strongly suggested by the history and physical examination in all of these patients. Fifty percent of the patients were failing to thrive on the basis of environmental deprivation. Only 1.4% of the laboratory studies performed were of positive diagnostic assistance. No study was of positive value without a specific indication from the clinical evaluation. The history and physical examination are the most valuable tools in the evaluation of failure to thrive. Laboratory investigations are rarely helpful without a specific indication from the clinical evaluation. PMID- 717306 TI - Sex liability to single structural defects. AB - Forty-two of 52 single, localized defects of morphogenesis showed a nonrandom predeliction to one sex. For some of these malformations, the sex liability may be explained on the basis of normal anatomic or hormonal differences between the sexes. For example, the male excess of "prune belly" or triad syndrome is considered due to the fact that most cases are secondary to obstruction in the penile urethra, and the male excess of pyloric stenosis is hypothesized as being secondary to the muscle hypertrophying effect of testosterone in the male neonate. The sex differences for most of the defects suggest that genes on the X and/or Y chromosome exert a role in morphogenesis that extends well beyond the development of sex-related structures. PMID- 717307 TI - 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol for early neonatal hypocalcemia. Occurrence in premature newborns. AB - Oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) has been used to prevent early neonatal hypocalcemia. Thirty premature neonates were studied prospectively from birth: 22 premature infants constituted a control group, and eight were treated orally with 25OHD3 (2 microgram/kg/day) for five days beginning within the first 12 hours of life. Eleven of the 22 premature infants in the control group became hypocalcemic, with serum ionized calcium (Ca++) level less than 3.0 mg/dl and total calcium (CaT) level less than 7.0 mg/dl on day 2 of life. Only one of the eight premature infants treated with 25OHD3 became hypocalcemic. In treated neonates, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as serum Ca++ and CaT levels, increased during the first five days of life and were considerably greater than levels in control neonates. No untoward effects of this treatment were observed. PMID- 717308 TI - Fetal hydantoin syndrome in triplets. A unique experiment of nature. AB - Birth defects associated with phenytoin and phenobarbital taken during pregnancy include craniofacial and limb deformities. These anomalies were found in various degrees of severity in triplets born to a mother taking phenobarbital and phenytoin for an epileptic disorder, giving us a unique opportunity to recognize different manifestations of the hydantoin syndrome in infants that presumably were exposed to the same level of the drugs. These infants were trizygotic and their clinical manifestations varied widely, suggesting the possibility that genetic background may play a significant role in the susceptibility of the fetus to phenytoin and phenobarbital during pregnancy. PMID- 717309 TI - Do we support parents of high-risk infants? A survey. AB - The establishment of regional neonatal intensive care units has reduced physical and mental handicaps in premature infants, but has caused emotional and psychological strain on parents because of frequently lengthy separation of mother and child. The study was undertaken to learn what is currently being done to support parents of high-risk infants. A questionnaire survey showed that prenatal screening was performed by only a few institutions. Not all nurseries employed full-time social workers. Such full-time status was no guarantee that all parents were interviewed and given support. Furthermore, requests for public health nurses to make predischarge and postdischarge home visits were not universally made. PMID- 717310 TI - Prolonged nitroprusside and intermittent hemodialysis as therapy for intractable hypertension. AB - Nitroprusside was used with intermittent hemodialysis over a 26-day period in a 6 year-old boy with intractable hypertension. Hemodialysis effectively removed thiocyanate from the blood, thus preventing its accumulation and subsequent toxic manifestations. Prolonged nitroprusside infusion maintained arterial blood pressure at acceptable levels until the patient became responsive to other antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 717312 TI - On the impossibility of overriding the influence of the family. PMID- 717313 TI - Where have all the fathers gone? PMID- 717311 TI - Recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis. AB - Two patients had two recurrent episodes each of acute suppurative thyroiditis. Circulating concentrations of plasma thyrotrophin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine were within the range of normal. Antibodies to thyroid microsome or thyroglobulin were not found. Anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, and Peptococcus were identified as causative agents, indicating that anaerobic organisms may play an important role in the pathologic process. The present cases are the third and fourth reported cases of recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis in the literature. PMID- 717314 TI - The impact of ambulatory pediatric research on changing behavior. PMID- 717315 TI - Research needs in pediatric nephrology and urology. PMID- 717316 TI - Pneumococcal pneumonia with pneumatocele formation. AB - Two infants had pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia, complicated by pneumatocele formation. The pneumatoceles appeared during the recovery phase and were indistinguishable from those associated with staphylococcal pneumonia. Complete resolution occurred in both patients. Pneumatoceles occur in pneumonias caused by varied agents; therefore, determination of the cause is imperative for appropriate therapy. PMID- 717317 TI - Pneumococcal empyema in childhood. AB - Two serotypes, uncommon in pediatric infections, accounted for a disproportionately large number of cases of pneumococcal empyema at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Eight of ten empyemas were caused by types 1 or 3, and two additional cases of mixed infection involved the type 3 pneumococcus. The type 3 pneumococcal empyemas tended to be more severe than those due to other serotypes. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) appeared to be more useful than culture in establishing the cause of this condition; in seven of ten cases, the pleural fluid was CIE positive while cultures of blood and pleural fluid were negative. In each of the seven culture-negative cases, antibiotics had been given prior to hospitalization. One case of type 7 pneumococcal empyema illustrated the potential value of the Ouchterlony test for the etiologic diagnosis of this condition. PMID- 717318 TI - Recurrent Reye's syndrome. AB - The clinical diagnosis of recurrent Reye's syndrome can be made only after a systemic exclusion of other diagnostic possibilities. We report such a case, providing guidelines for a complete clinical and biochenical evaluation of this entity. If a comprehensive study of patients experiencing recurrent Reye's syndrome is to be made, each patient must be subjected to thorough examination. PMID- 717319 TI - Dominant inheritance of Scheuermann's juvenile kyphosis. AB - Familial occurrence of Scheuermann's juvenile kyphosis is well known, but no specific mode of inheritance has been recognized. We describe five families in which the disease seems to follow and autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. PMID- 717320 TI - Problem acuteness and medical record utility. AB - We studied the usefulness of having the patient's medical record available to the pediatrician at the time of the patient's visit. For most acute problems, the medical record had no effect on the management of the patient, whereas the record frequently affected the handling of chronic or recurrent problems. These results suggest a means of improving the effectiveness of pediatric emergency room management and also a means for defining empirically criteria for evaluation of care by record audit. PMID- 717321 TI - Basilar skull fractures in children. The incidence of CNS infection and the use of antibiotics. AB - Forty-six cases of basilar skull fractures in children were reviewed to determine the incidence of CNS infection following injury and the possible value of antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis. The clinical course of the children who were treated with antibiotics was compared with that of patients who received no antimicrobial therapy. Included in the study were patients with hemotympanum alone or with hemotympanum plus additional clinical or roentgenographic signs of basilar skull fracture; patients with tympanic membrane perforation without otorrhea but with blood in the auditory canal; and children with either otorrhea or rhinorrhea. Acute, delayed, or recurrent infection of the CNS did not develop in any of the patients. This study is the first of its kind presented in children. It would seem on the basis of the present series that the systematic use of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with hemotympanum following basilar skull fractures is unwarranted and that children with other signs of basilar skull fractures may have an equally small risk of meningitis following injury. PMID- 717322 TI - Radiological case of the month. Postnatal appearance of diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 717323 TI - Intussusception in a 14-year-old boy secondary to an intramural fecalith. PMID- 717324 TI - Solitary pyogenic liver abscess in children. PMID- 717325 TI - Adrenal hemorrhage in a newborn with Bechwith-Wiedemann syndrome. PMID- 717327 TI - Influenza virus A2 infections. PMID- 717326 TI - T3 thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 717329 TI - Circumcision. PMID- 717328 TI - Microphallus, growth hormone deficiency, and hypoglycemia in Russell-Silver syndrome. PMID- 717330 TI - The cephalosporins. Are they as important as their numbers suggest? PMID- 717331 TI - Infant tracheostomy. A new look with a solution to the difficult cannulation problem. AB - Although most infant airway and ventilatory problems will be best solved by the use of endotracheal tubes, clear-cut indications for tracheostomy exist. Past reticence to use tracheostomy for infants has been due mainly to the fear of decannulation problems. Recognition of obstructive airway lesions, particularly the lumen-narrowing tracheal stomal granuloma, has been facilitated by the routine use of the newer infant bronchoscopes with optical telescopes. Successful decannulation begins with proper tracheostomy technique, and continues through tracheostomy management and a well-conceived decannulation program. Decannulation should include evaluation of the structure and function of the airway endoscopically and it may include translaryngeal endoscopic resection or formal surgical removal of any obstructing lesions. Experienced nursing personnel are essential to the entire program. PMID- 717332 TI - Xeroradiography in the evaluation of acquired airway abnormalities in children. AB - Xeroradiography of the neck was performed on 36 children with suggested or known acquired tracheal abnormalities. The information obtained from the lateral projection xeroradiograph was superior in selected cases to the conventional soft tissue roentgenogram. In these cases, the information obtained justified the increased (12-fold) radiation exposure and obviated the need for positive contrast examination. This procedure should be considered in any case in which a fluoroscopic contrast examination is indicated. PMID- 717333 TI - Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. A complication of circumcision. AB - Numerous complications have been reported as a result of neonatal circumcision. We describe here three cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome that were thought to be due to infected circumcisions. A review of the literature failed to disclose descriptions of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome as such a complication. In spite of recent American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations against routine circumcision, it will continue to be a common procedure. Careful preoperative and postoperative screening and guidance are urged to prevent staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and other complications. PMID- 717334 TI - Fournier's syndrome. Report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Three children, aged 9 days, 3 weeks, and 9 1/2 months, were treated for Fournier's syndrome. The portals of entry for a miscellaneous group of pathogens included a circumcision in the first, a circumcision and a diaper rash in the second, and a hot water burn in the third. The development of the condition after a circumcision is noteworthy because it is an extremely common surgical procedure. Medical and minor surgical treatment of the gangrenous areas during the period of rapid healing was successful. This approach contrasts with those researchers who recommend grafts. All three children survived, although one died three years later of complications from the original burn, and in another, one testicle could not be palpated after healing. PMID- 717335 TI - Oculoglandular disease of parinaud. A manifestation of cat-scratch disease. AB - Among patients with cat-scratch disease, the oculoglandular form is the most common unusual manifestation. This condition, seen in 14 of 585 patients with the infection encountered in a private pediatric practice over a span of 23 years, belongs in the syndrome of the oculoglandular disease of Parinaud. Most of the 14 patients described were only mildly ill and had but little discomfort. All patients recovered without residuals. Diagnosis is based on four criteria: exposure to a cat, usually an immature one; the presence of a localized granuloma of the eye; the presence of preauricular lymphadenopathy; and a positive skin test to cat-scratch antigen of known potency. Several unusual features, never before described, of oculoglandular disease due to cat-scratch disease are submitted. PMID- 717336 TI - Partial exchange transfusion in sickle cell anemia. Use in children with serious complications. AB - Seventeen children with sickle cell anemia received 40 partial exchange transfusions for serious complications of sickle cell anemia, and preoperatively to reduce the risk of anesthesia. Each patient received two partial exchange transfusions at 24-hour intervals and all patients tolerated the exchange transfusions well. The mean hematocrit level rose from 22.9% before the exchange transfusion to 40.6% at the end of the second exchange. The mean sickle hemoglobin level decreased from 93.8% before the exchange to 28.0% after the second exchange. Patients with acute lung syndrome had remarkable improvement in clinical symptoms and PaO2 levels, and those with acute liver crisis had substantial reduction in serum bilirubin levels. All the other patients showed marked clinical improvement following the exchange transfusions. PMID- 717337 TI - Familial Mediterranean fever. A case report. AB - A case of familial Mediterranean fever in a young girl presented typical diagnostic dilemmas. Although intermittent proteinuria was noted, a rectal biopsy specimen failed to demonstrate the presence of amyloidosis. Treatment consisted of supportive therapy and colchicine, to which she responded. In a cosmopolitan population, familial Mediterranean fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. PMID- 717338 TI - Picture of the month. PMID- 717339 TI - Tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 717340 TI - Hydatid torsion. PMID- 717341 TI - Left ventricular myocardial infarction in tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 717342 TI - Neonatal thyrotoxicosis in four siblings born to a previously thyrotoxic mother. PMID- 717343 TI - Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with cholestyramine therapy for biliary cholestasis. PMID- 717344 TI - Cirrhosis: alcohol and outlook. PMID- 717345 TI - Resistant ascites in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: course and prognosis. AB - A group of 29 patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver who retained a large amount of ascites under a hospital regimen during two months or longer was identified. The prognosis for this selected group of patients, while grave [during continuous hospitalization 11 out of 29 patients (= 38%) died], is not without hope: 18 patients (62%) improved and could be discharged from the hospital. Their further course was influenced by resumption of alcohol usage. Five of 11 (45.4%) who resumed drinking died due to hepatic causes within 10 months. Of the remaining six only one lost his ascites. Those who abstained (7 patients) remained alive for an average follow-up of 33 months and all lost their ascites. Alcohol resumption significantly decreased both survival (P less than 0.05) and ascites resorption (P less than 0.0015). Continued abstinence from alcohol may thus obviate the need for surgical measures to relieve ascites in these patients. PMID- 717346 TI - Pigment gallstone composition in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic subjects. AB - The composition of pigment gallstones from patients with and without cirrhosis was compared. Carbonate-containing pigment stones were distinguished from noncarbonate stones by infrared spectroscopy. Calcium was the major cation of each stone group. The major anion in noncarbonate pigment stones was bilirubinate or phosphate, but was carbonate in carbonate stones. The composition of pigment stones from cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients was similar except that significantly less carbonate was present in carbonate stones, and less pigment (bilirubinate) was present in noncarbonate stones from noncirrhotics. These data suggest that irrespective of the presence of cirrhosis, the formation of noncarbonate pigment stones involves the selective precipitation of calcium bilirubinate and phosphate, whereas carbonate stone formation involves the selective precipitation of calcium carbonate. PMID- 717347 TI - Pigment vs cholesterol cholelithiasis: bacteriology of gallbladder stone, bile, and tissue correlated with biliary lipid analysis. PMID- 717348 TI - Malignant lymphoproliferative disorders in chronic liver disease. Report of four cases and review of the literature. AB - Four patients who manifested an association between chronic liver disease and lymphoma are reported. Three of them had nonalcoholic cirrhosis and one had chronic cholangitis. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed long after the presence of liver disease had been established in three of the patients. The fourth patient died of hepatic coma and Hodgkin's disease was discovered incidentally at autopsy. Drugs could not be incriminated in the development of either cirrhosis or lymphoma in any of the patients. A review of the literature is presented, and the view that the association between chronic liver disease and lymphoma is not coincidental is supported. PMID- 717349 TI - Hemostatic alterations in inflammatory bowel disease: response to therapy. AB - Twelve patients with acute, untreated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were followed prospectively for coagulation and platelet function. With no symptomatic coagulopathy, abnormalities were found in all patients. With acute diseases, elevations of fibrinogen (9/12), factor V (8/12), and factor VIII (6/12) were common. Depressions of antithrombin III levels were also observed acutely (8/12). Abnormalities of platelets were both quantitative and qualitative. Thrombocytosis was present (11/12), and abnormalities in the rate and percent platelet aggregation were seen (9/10). During therapy, factors V and VIII, antithrombin III levels, and the quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities returned towards normal in direct correlation with sedimentation rate and clinical disease activity. PMID- 717350 TI - Effect of phenolphthalein on the function and structure of rodent and human intestine. AB - Phenolphthalein (PHE) is the active ingredient in at least 12 over-the-counter laxative preparations. It is alleged to have a minor effect in the small intestine compared with the colon where it is supposed to alter motor activity or water absorption or both. We measured water absorption from segments of rat intestine in vivo, and from the nearly intact small intestines of patients with established ileostomies. In rats, each intestinal segment served as its own control so that water absorption in a test period (PHE, 1--15 mg/100 ml) could be expressed as a percentage of the control period when buffer was infused. PHE inhibited water absorption, and the degree of inhibition was related linearly to log10 PHE concentration. The similarity of slopes of the regression lines suggested that all segments of the rat intestine were equally sensitive to PHE. In six patients, PHE, 100 mg four times a day, increased weight of ileostomy output by 30%, and Na+ output by 39%. These facts indicate that some of the laxative effects of PHE result from inhibition of water absorption in both large and small intestines. PMID- 717351 TI - Relation between serum pancreatic isoamylase concentration and pancreatic exocrine function. AB - Serum pancreatic isoamylase concentrations were compared to secretory and clinical evidence of pancreatic insufficiency in 19 consecutive alcoholic patients undergoing pancreatic stimulation testing for suspected pancreatic insufficiency. In patients with normal total serum amylase levels, there was a good correlation (r = 0.83) between serum pancreatic isoamylase activity and stimulated pancreatic secretion of amylase and the 8 patients with a low pancreatic isoamylase concentration had markedly diminished pancreatic secretion of amylase, lipase, and bicarbonate. However, patients with elevated total serum amylase activity frequently had extremely poor pancreatic exocrine function despite normal or elevated levels of pancreatic serum isoamylase. Thus, the finding of a subnormal serum concentration of pancreatic isoamylase provides strong evidence for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency; however, a normal or elevated serum pancreatic isoamylase activity cannot be used as evidence for normal pancreatic exocrine function. PMID- 717352 TI - Changes in plasma motilin concentration and gastrointestinal contractile activity in conscious dogs. AB - Simultaneous measurement of plasma motilin concentration and gastrointestinal contractile activity was make in 12 healthy dogs. Plasma motilin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay and gastrointestinal contractile activity was monitored by means of chronically implanted force transducers. During the interdigestive state, it was found that the plasma motilin concentration increased in complete accordance with the cyclical interdigestive contractions of the stomach. Furthermore, plasma motilin concentration was lowered by the ingestion of food, and it reamined low as long as the gastric motor activity was in the digestive pattern. Since, as reported previously the interdigestive contractions can be induced by tthe exogenous administration of motilin, we concluded that (1) motilin is released at constant intervals during the interdigestive state, and this release is suppressed by the ingestion of food; (2) motilin induces the interdigestive contractions of the stomach and duodenum; and (3) motilin is an interdigestive hormone and is the only known polypeptide hormone of the gut whose release is not induced by a meal. PMID- 717353 TI - Prevalence of Giardiasis: a study at upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy. AB - The prevalence of giardiasis was assessed in 1000 consecutive adult patients undergoing upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy for the usually accepted indications. Patients with upper-gastrointestinal bleeding were excluded. The diagnosis was established by examination of duodenal aspirate and duodenal mucosal impression smears. In 21 patients (2.1%) trophozoites were detected both in the duodenal juice and stained mucosal impression smears. All were treated with metronidazole or tinidazole. In 14 of 16 patients who had subsequent duodenal intubation, eradication of the parasite was confirmed. In five patients previously existent abdominal pain disappeared with clearing of the parasite, and no other cause for their abdominal pain was discovered. A search for Giardia lamblia infestation may be a worthwhile additional procedure at the time of endoscopy when no other cause for abdominal pain is found. PMID- 717355 TI - American Gastroenterological Association Workshop on Smooth-Muscle Physiology. PMID- 717354 TI - Vitamin D dependence and aboral gradient of in vivo intestinal calcium transport in the rat. AB - Rates of small-and large-intestinal calcium transport and their dependence on low doses of vitamin D were compared. Young rats were depleted of vitamin D by feeding a rachito-genic diet for 8--9 weeks; 48 and 24 hr prior to study, half were repleted with 200 IU vitamin D2. Duodenum and ileum, or cecum and colon, were perfused separately in situ with 1.6 mM calcium and tracer 45Ca in saline. There was an aboral gradient for net calcium transport and lumen-to-plasma flux with higher values in proximal than distal segments. Vitamin D repletion increased net calcium flux and lumen-to-plasma flux in duodenum and ileum, but not cecum and colon. Plasma-to-lumen flux (calculated as the difference between lumen-to-plasma flux and net flux) tended to be higher in colon than other segments and was not altered by vitamin D repletion. PMID- 717356 TI - Basophilic leukemia presenting as gastroduodenal ulceration: effect of H-2 receptor blockade. AB - A patient with multiple gastroduodenal ulcers and gastric hypersecretion due to histamine excess associated with basophilic leukemia is described. Treatment with the histamine H-2-receptor blocker, cimetidine, was able to abolish the gastric hypersecretion and gastrointestinal blood loss. A literature review produced four other cases of multiple gastroduodenal ulceration with this disease, suggesting that it is more common than previously recognized. The availability of a potent H 2-receptor antagonist offers effective and specifically tailored therapy to counteract the gastrointestinal effects of hyperhistaminemia in basophilic leukemia and other "histamine excess" diseases. PMID- 717357 TI - The effect of hyperthyroidism on gastric emptying rates and pancreatic exocrine and biliary secretion in man. AB - Malabsorption and diarrhea in hyperthyroidism has been attributed in part to an increased rate of gastrointestinal transit as measured with barium sulfate suspension. Data are unavailable on the effect of hyperthyroidism on gastric emptying rates of normal food and pancreatic enzyme secretion. These functions have been studied in 4 hyperthyroid patients and compared to results obtained when treatment achieved euthyroidism. Pancreatic trypsin secretion was half the euthyroid level in the hyperthyroid state. No significant change in bile salts occurred, although there was a tendency for a greater proportion of dihydroxy bile salts while hyperthyroid. Gastric emptying rates of a mixed fat, protein, and carbohydrate liquid meal were normal. Similarly the gastric emptying rate of a beef stew plus chicken liver meal was normal. We conclude that in hyperthyroidism gastric emptying rates of "physiologically active" food is normal. Pancreatic enzyme secretion is depressed in hyperthyroidism and may contribute to maldigestion. PMID- 717358 TI - Effects of caloric restriction on the kinetics of indocyanine green in patients with liver diseases and in the rat. AB - The effect of caloric restriction on the hepatic uptake and excretion of indocyanine green (ICG) was studied in man as well as in rats. It was demonstrated that following a 72-hr caloric restriction in man, the plasma clearance rate for ICG was increased significantly at the low dose of 0.5 mg/kg, and transport maximum was increased without a significant change of storage capacity. In rats, the maximal biliary excretion was significantly increased after 48-hr fast, but neither maximal hepatic uptake (Vmax) nor hepatic ICG content was altered. The evidence is consistent with the view that fasting increases the ICG plasma clearance at low doses by enhancement of excretory steps at the bile canalicular membrane. PMID- 717359 TI - Diagnostic value of combined transhepatic venography and inferior vena cavography in chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome. AB - In a series of 19 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, transhepatic venography and inferior vena cavography were used to localize the site of hepatic outflow obstruction. Classification into two types was made on the basis of the site of obstruction. Four cases were grouped as type I, in which obstruction was localized in the hepatic vein alone, and the inferior vena cava (IVC) was patent. Fifteen cases were of type II, in which there was a well-defined obstruction in the intrahepatic portion of the IVC or ostium of a hepatic vein. This study highlights the frequent occurrence of IVC obstruction as a cause of chronic Budd Chiari syndrome in northern India and the utility of transhepatic venography in its diagnosis. PMID- 717360 TI - Achalasia in father and son. AB - Achalasia has not been previously reported in father and son. A man, age 38, and his father, age 66, presented two years apart with symptoms of dysphagia and aspiration. The diagnosis of achalasia was made on the basis of x-ray and endoscopic findings and on esophageal motility studies performed on the father. Both responded well to pneumatic dilatation and have been asymptomatic for 24 months and 6 months, respectively. These cases again suggest a genetic basis for achalasia. PMID- 717361 TI - Effect of topical acid on duodenal pepsinogen secretion in the rat. AB - The effect of topical acid on duodenal pepsinogen secretion was studied in the anesthetized rat. Perfusion of a 5-cm segment of the proximal duodenum with normal saline or buffered saline (pH 7.2 or 6.0) elicited no detectable pepsinogen response. Perfusion with 10, 25, and 100 mN HCl resulted in a graded increase in pepsinogen output. Acetylcholine bromide, 500 microgram/ml, in buffered saline, pH 7.2, also stimulated pepsinogen secretion. The pepsinogen response to 100 mN HCl and to acetylcholine was completely abolished by atropine. Secretin, 2 units/kg, did not alter pepsinogen output during perfusion with buffered saline or acid, while secretin, 75 units/kg, increased pepsinogen output. These observations suggest that topical acid stimulates duodenal pepsinogen secretion through a cholinergic reflex and that secretin is not a significant stimulant of duodenal pepsinogen secretion in the rat within the dose range employed (1--2 units/kg). PMID- 717362 TI - Gastric retention in peptic ulcer disease. A reappraisal. AB - The saline load test is a popular method to demonstrate gastric retention. This technique, however, does not permit evaluation of volumes contributed by gastric secretion. We have studied 11 normal subjects and 7 patients with pyloric outlet obstruction using a dyedilution technique. We measured simultaneously rates of water secretion, fractional emptying rates, total intragastric volumes, and the fractions of gastric volume contributed by gastric secretion both during fasting and following a 250-ml water load. Total intragastric volume was significantly increased in patients with outlet obstruction compared to normal subjects both during fasting and following the water load (P less than 0.01). This increase resulted from significantly increased water secretion (P less than 0.01) combined with significantly decreased gastric emptying (P less than 0.01). Thus, gastric retention produced in patients with outlet obstruction by delayed emptying appears to be magnified by gastric hypersecretion of water. These data in no way invalidate the use of the saline load test in the diagnosis of gastric retention states, but help define the role of gastric secretion in the residual volumes measured following the load. PMID- 717364 TI - Watery diarrhea syndrome with elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide associated with pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst. AB - A 32-year old patient presented with recurrent pancreatitis, severe watery diarrhea and elevated serum levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. His diarrhea appeared to respond to intramuscular propantheline. Initially he improved but had another attack of pancreatitis while hospitalized. Evaluation by ultrasound revealed the presence of a pseudocyst and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography demonstrated complete occlusion of the main pancreatic duct. Exploratory laparotomy was performed with drainage of a pseudocyst. Analysis of the pseudocyst fluid revealed an elevated amylase, lipase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level. It is believed that this patient's severe diarrhea was related to his pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst with elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. PMID- 717363 TI - Hypergastrinemia of antral origin in duodenal ulcer. AB - A case of recurrent duodenal ulcer, basal gastric hypersection, and hypergastrinemia of antral origin is presented. The diagnosis was suggested preoperatively by stimulation tests with secretin and food. Billroth II antrectomy led to normalization of serum gastrin within half an hour. The gastrin content of the antral mucosa was not increased, neither was antral G-cell hyperplasia demonstrable. Postoperatively the basal gastric acid output and fasting serum gastrin levels were normal, without a postprandial increase in serum gastrin concentrations. The case does not support the existence of a specific disease called antral G-cell hyperplasia. PMID- 717365 TI - Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome. AB - An attempt was made to search the medical records of the University Hospital and five affiliated hospitals at Rochester, NY for the last 10 years. Seventeen patients with superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome were found. The prevalence of this disease in a chronic-care hospital (0.965/1,000 admisssions) is significantly higher than that in acute general hospitals (0.0108-0.0520/1,000 admissions) by Chi square statistic (P less than 0.001). This syndrome should be suspected in patients with chronic wasting diseases who are bedridden and have lost weight after which they develop frequent vomiting or aspirations. On reviewing 146 cases from the literature after 1963, duodenojejunostomy was considered to be the best procedure for severe cases. The same good results were not achieved after gastrojejunostomy and lysis of the ligament of Treitz. Gastrojejunostomy provided adequate decompression of the stomach but was inadequate for releasing duodenal obstruction. Some patients after division of the ligament of Treitz had difficulty in downward displacement of the duodenum and the symptoms of obstruction persisted necessitating duodenojejunostomy. This paper demonstrates that in two patients gastrojejunostomy failed to relieve the obstruction. One of them had to be reoperated on and a duodenojejunostomy was performed with relief of obstructive symptoms. PMID- 717366 TI - The parotid and the pancreas. AB - Parallel studies in parotid and pancreatic function and histology were carried out in Thomas fistula dogs with irradiation-induced chronic pancreatitis. After completion of base line studies of parotid and pancreatic secretion, four dogs were subjected to 2,400 rads tumor dose over two weeks (with a nominal single dose of 1,175 rets); two additional dogs served as control. Sequential studies were performed on pancreatic secretion in response to secretin and on parotid secretion in response to urecholine. After a short-lived period of hypersecretion. There was a progressive reduction in pancreatic secretory rate, bicarbonate and enzyme outputs (greater than 90% after three months). Parotid secretion increased over this period but subsequently decreased, so that at eight months there was a marked reduction both in pancreatic and parotid function. Whereas pancreatic histology showed diffuse interstitial fibrosis and reduction of acinar tissue, no histologic changes were noted in the parotid glands. Although the mechanisms are unclear, alterations in parotid secretion may be of value in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, in the evaluation of its severity, and may yield information on the duration of the disease. PMID- 717367 TI - Association of pancreatitis and variant ductal anatomy: dominant drainage of the duct of Santorini. AB - Four patients with acute relapsing pancreatitis were found to have drainage of the main pancreatic duct through the duct of Santorini and accessory papilla by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. No other cause of pancreatitis was identified. These cases and the possible significance of this association are discussed. PMID- 717368 TI - Gastric carcinoid endoscopically simulating leiomyoma: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 717369 TI - Hepatic injury due to oxacillin administration. AB - Hepatotoxicity, in association with intravenous oxacillin therapy, is described and documented for the first time by liver biopsy in an illicit drug user suffering from acute staphylococcal endocarditis. Mild gastrointestinal symptomatology, fever, eosinophilia and abnormal liver enzyme abnormalities were noted. Liver biopsy showed features consistent with a drug-induced hepatic injury. Cessation of therpy led to rapid reversal of clinical and biochemical changes and on further observation no evidence of chronic hepatic dysfunction was noted. A brief review of oxacillin hepatic injury is presented. PMID- 717370 TI - Ectopic gallstone as a cause of gastric outlet obstruction. AB - Gallstone ileus is, of course, a well known cause of small bowel obstruction. A gallstone, however, is a very rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction. Three cases illustrating this phenomenon are exhibited. Radiographs were diagnostic in two of the studies. All three patients did well postoperatively. PMID- 717371 TI - Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the supraduodenal common bile duct. AB - The in-built intrinsic adrenergic and cholinergic nervous apparatus of the supraduodenal common bile duct of the cat and the dog was studied using modern selective specific neurohistochemical technics. A rich distribution of fluorescing varicose adrenergic axons and small nerve fascicles was observed within all layers of the duct. The cholinergic innervation was even more richly developed, including large nerve fascicles and nerve trunks as well as cholinergic nerve cells and small ganglia. The present observations corroborate the theory that the common bile duct actively participates, under dual neural control, in biliary dynamics and is not merely a passive conducting tube. PMID- 717372 TI - Iron deficiency anemia from afferent loop metastatic hypernephroma diagnosed by endoscopy. PMID- 717373 TI - Sigmoid stricture: an unusual presentation of perforated appendicitis with abscess formation. AB - Appendicitis is the most common acute surgical condition affecting the abdomen. The manner of onset and location of pain depend, to a great extent, upon the different anatomical positions of the appendix and its proximity to the parietal peritoneum which senses the location of the inflammatory process. When perforation occurs, abscess formation or diffuse peritonitis may develop. We wish to report an unusually rare case of perforated appendicitis with abscess formation presenting clinically and radiologically as a sigmoid stricture. PMID- 717374 TI - Acute ulcerative colitis mimicking an obstructing carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 717375 TI - Segmental ascending retrocecal appendicitis: the significance of the barium enema. PMID- 717376 TI - Effects of enteric microbial overgrowth on small intestinal ultrastructure in the rat. AB - The ultrastructural effects of bacterial proliferation in the upper gastrointestinal tract induced by intraperitoneal injections of mecamylamine HCl were investigated in rats. We found increased populations of nonspecific enteric bacteria in the lumen of the upper small intestine and ultrastructural abnormalities in the absorptive epithelial cells, including increased numbers of lysosomal vacular structures, fused microvilli and dilated endoplasmic reticulum. The bacteria did not penetrate into the damaged mucosal cells and so actual cytoplasmic infiltration is apparently not required in order to cause these ultrastructural changes. The alterations were not merely due to the pharmacologic agent we used, mecamylamine, since rats with subnormal numbers of enteric bacteria in the upper small intestine, whether subjected to the course of the drug or not, did not display the ultrastructural changes noted above. Concomitant with increased numbers of enteric bacteria in the small intestine, there were increased concentrations of deconjugated bile salts and decreased absorption of glucose. These findings are compatible with the following hypothetical sequence of pathogenesis: mecamylamine leads to intestinal stasis leads to bacterial overgrowth leads to deconjugation of the bile salts leads to ultrastructural alterations. PMID- 717377 TI - Studies of the kinetics of purified conjugated bilirubin-3H in the rat. AB - Radio-labeled conjugated bilirubin was purified from rat bile by affinity chromatography. Following the intravenous injection of tracer doses of this material, the initial fractional plasma disappearance rate of conjugated bilirubin-3H in the normal Sprague-Dawley rat was found to be approximately 50% faster than that for unconjugated bilirubin-3H (0.51 +/- 0.94 [SE] vs. 0.35 +/- 0.02 min.-1; P less than .001). Hepatic recovery studies in the rat indicated that, over the first four minutes after injection, disappearance of cholephilic anions from plasma is accounted for almost entirely by hepatic uptake. Hence, these studies demonstrate that hepatic uptake of conjugated bilirubin is substantially faster than that of unconjugated bilirubin. Net hepatic clearance of conjugated bilirubin in normal rats was three-fold greater than that of unconjugated bilirubin (0.94 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.03 ml./min./100 gm. body weight; P less than .001), presumably reflecting both the more rapid hepatic uptake and the ability of the former pigment to by-pass the conjugation step. Hepatic uptake of conjugated bilirubin was shown to be inhibited by unconjugated bilirubin, sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green but not by glycocholate. These observations cannot be explained by simple diffusion and suggest that the hepatic uptake mechanism for conjugated bilirubin is the same as that for the unconjugated pigment. PMID- 717378 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with a thin needle. Experience with 25 cases. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with a thin needle was successfully employed in 23 of 25 patients with jaundice. A 100% success rate was seen with dilated bile ducts. Not a single complication was observed in our series. With our limited series, it can be assumed that proximal obstruction is more likely to mean neoplasm of either the gallbladder or bile duct, whereas distal obstruction with visualization of dilated cystic duct means either neoplasm of the head of pancreas or metastatic carcinoma. PMID- 717379 TI - Long-term treatment with histamine H2-receptor antagonists in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - Continuous treatment of three Zollinger-Ellison patients with histamine H2 receptor antagonists for 14, 26 and 31 months resulted in effective relief of complaints and marked reduction in gastric acid secretion. In one of the patients the dose of cimetidine had to be doubled after 15 months of treatment because of a rise in basal gastric acid secretion accompanied by recurrent diarrhea. Fasting and secretin-stimulated serum gastrin levels were not affected by long-term treatment with histamine H2-receptor antagonists. No side-effects were observed in the three patients on long-term treatment. PMID- 717380 TI - Primary aortoduodenal fistula. Case presentation and review of literature. AB - One hundred and twelve cases of primary aortoduodenal fistulas were reviewed. The most common etiological agent was an atherosclerotic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. There was a male to female predominance of 9:2 with an average age of 62 years. Most fistulas occurred between an infrarenal aneurysm and the third portion of the duodenum because of the relatively fixed position of the duodenum and its direct anatomical relationship posteriorly with the aorta. Patient symptoms may vary from abdominal or back pain with gastro-intestinal bleeding to just hematemesis or melena. Twenty per cent gave a history of abdominal aneurysm while up to 70% may have an abdominal mass on physical examination at the time of admission. Tentative diagnosis is established by history and physical examination with duodenoscopy, barium duodenogram and angiography available only if temporally feasible. Surgical exploration is the only treatment with resection of the aneurysm, synthetic graft placement and duodenal suturing as the procedure of choice. PMID- 717381 TI - CT-guided percutaneous drainage of an amebic liver abscess. PMID- 717382 TI - Chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstructive bowel disease. AB - An illness characterized by recurrent episodes of small bowel obstruction is described. The patient, a 79-year old gentleman has been followed for 20 years. During this time he has hospitalized 19 times. Extensive investigation, including three exploratory laparotomies, have failed to show a cause of the bowel dysfunction. The clinical findings have been similar on each admission. Cramping abdominal pain, vomiting, obstipation often followed by diarrhea, tender distended abdomen, high pitched bowel sounds and abdominal x-rays revealed dilatation of small and large intestine and delayed gastric emptying on various admissions. The failure to demonstrate a recognized etiology for the repeated bowel obstruction over a long period of time warrants a clinical diagnosis of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (C.I.I.P.). The age of the patient at the onset of symptoms and the duration of the dysfunction prompted a review of the literature. Twenty-seven reported cases allowed a comparison of this case with the clinical features previously described. Symptomatic therapy, consisting of small bowel decompression by intestinal intubation during the acute episode, was followed by the use of elemental diets given slowly and continuously during the convalescing period. The patient continues to be comfortable and able to maintain his body weight between episodes which, however, seem to be increasing in frequency. PMID- 717383 TI - Delayed ("blow-out") perforation of sigmoid following diagnostic colonoscopy. PMID- 717384 TI - The value of postevacuation radiographs of the bowel to distinguish free perforation from a confined extraluminal barium collection. PMID- 717385 TI - Hodgkin disease: an analysis of 128 cases. AB - An analysis of 128 cases of Hodgkin disease seen at the Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, during the period 1968--1974 is presented with reference to histopathological and clinical findings. A male preponderance is noted in all age groups, and this is most noticeable in children under 15 years of age. There is a predominance of cases with the histologic subtypes associated with a poor prognosis (mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depleted). Only nine cases of nodular sclerosis type were seen. PMID- 717386 TI - In vitro functional capabilities of canine polymorphonuclear neutrophils collected simultaneously by continuous-flow centrifugation and continuous-flow filtration leukopheresis. AB - Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were simultaneously collected from dogs by continuous-flow centrifugation and continuous-flow filtration leukapheresis. In vitro studies were performed on cells obtained by the two methods as well as on control cells. Studies consisted of assessment of phagocytic capacity, degranulation, chemotaxis, hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity, and bacterial killing. The cells obtained from the filter were metabolically more active than those harvested by centrifugation, as evidenced by increase in resting HMP shunt activity and dimunition in total available lysozyme-secreting activity compared to centrifuged cells. Despite their impaired phagocytic capacities, the filtered cells were able to kill Staphylococcus aureus as efficiently as the centrifuged cells. Both cell populations responded to chemotactic gradients equally. PMID- 717387 TI - Studies on red-cell aplasia: IX. Ferrokinetics during remission of the disease. AB - Ferrokinetic studies and external organ measurements of radioiron were performed on five patients with pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) in remission. One patient with PRCA in relapse was also studied. Of those in remission, one patient had erythroid hyperplasia and ineffective erythropoiesis after the remission occurred. This was indicated by a very short 59Fe clearance rate and reduced red cell 59Fe incorporation, a marked increase of the erythron iron turnover over the fixed red-cell iron turnover, and a prolonged marrow transit time. These indices were normal three years later. Four patients had normal effective erythropoiesis while in remission. Two patients had an extended marrow distribution. These studies indicate that some cases of PRCA evolve into a state of ineffective erythropoiesis with erythroid hyperplasia. It is possible that in some patients, primary refractory anemia with ineffective erythropoiesis may be related to PRCA because of the evolution from one state into the other. Alternatively, a second pathologic process may have been acquired between the PRCA and normal hematopoiesis. PMID- 717389 TI - Corticosteroid-induced lymphocytopenia in man: absence of splenic influence and effect of recipient serum. AB - Pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids produce a profound, transient lymphocytopenia in man. We have studied the role of the spleen and possible induction of cytolytic factors in the generation of this effect. A 200 mg IV dose of hydrocortisone-21-hemisuccinate was administered to five normal subjects and five subjects whose spleens had been removed as a result of trauma. Sequential peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and subpopulations were then determined, and the effect of serum (obtained from the recipients at several time points after steroid administration) on autologous lymphocyte viability was assessed in vitro. The asplenic subjects experienced the same marked lymphocytopenia as normal individuals, and post-steroid serum was not cytotoxic to autologous lymphocytes. The in vitro results support the view that corticosteroid-induced lymphocytopenia is not the result of lymphocytolysis in man. If lymphocyte redistribution is the cause, as has been suggested, our in vivo results directly demonstrate that the spleen does not play a major role. PMID- 717388 TI - Accumulation modes of alkylating agents on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The in vitro uptake by normal peripheral blood lymphocytes of 14C-labeled cyclophosphamide and nitrogen mustard has been measured in a manner which parallels cell exposure to drugs used in the nitrogen mustard-oncovin-procabazine prednisone (MOPP) and cyclophosphamide-oncovin-procarbazine-prednisone (COPP) clinical protocols. Accumulation of these alkylating agents occurs in two recognizable patterns. The first exhibits a saturation phenomenon, since radioactivity can be partially blocked by an equal concentration of unlabelled drug, reflects stereospecificity, and represents a minor fraction of total deposition. The second form, proportionately larger than the first, is dependent on drug concentration in the suspending medium, with radioactivity increasing in an apparently limitless linear fashion, uninfluenced by competitive inhibition. This part also is less tenaciously held by the lymphocyte. While the mere presence of drug on the lymphocytes does not necessarily imply injury or lethality, the fact that these peripheral lymphocytes are able to accumulate cytotoxic agents and are partially interchangeable with an analogous fixed lymphoid cell mass suggests that clinical immunosuppression and lymphocytopenia may be related, in part, to cell drug deposition. PMID- 717390 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human prothrombin--the quantitation of plasma factor II antigen. PMID- 717391 TI - Association of 5q- and refractory anemia. AB - The association of refractory anemia with partial deletion of the long arm of one No. 5 chromosome (5q-) has been reported in six patients within the last two years. We wish to report an additional patient with refractory anemia and an acquired chromosomal deletion, del(5)(q15), in a direct bone-moarrow preparation. The specificity of this deletion for refractory anemia is discussed. It remains to be seen whether patients with refractory anemia and 5q- tend to develop acute leukemia, as has been recently suggested. PMID- 717392 TI - Parasinusoidal location of megakaryocytes in marrow: a determinant of platelet release. AB - Megakaryocytopoiesis occurs in the hematopoietic (extravascular) compartment of marrow. Thus, platelets must traverse the wall of the vascular sinuses of marrow to enter the circulation. We have examined mouse and rat marrow, fixed by rapid immersion so as to maintain anatomical relationships as close to the natural state as possible. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of random transections of femurs established that megakaryocytes reside less than 1 mu from a marrow sinus wall with a probability unlikely to be the result of chance (P less than 0.001). An intimate relationship exists between the megakaryocyte periphery and the abluminal surface of the endothelial lining cell. At the time of platelet release megakaryocyte cytoplasm invaginates and penetrates the endothelial lining cell. The penetrating cytoplasm is detached and enters the marrow circulation. From their dimensions in comparison to circulating platelets, the released cytoplasm represents a packet of platelets that undergoes further fragmentation in the circulation. The parasinusoidal location of megakaryocytes and the process of sinus-wall penetration and platelet delivery was observed by TEM and scanning electron microscopy. These studies provided quantitative support for a specific anatomical arrangement of megakaryocytes in marrow. Moreover, the process of platelet release appears to be a physiological form of metastasis with invasion of vascular walls and vascular spread of cells, that are in this case amitotic. PMID- 717393 TI - Platelet satellitism and phagocytosis by neutrophils: association with antiplatelet antibodies and lymphoma. AB - Satellitism and phagocytosis of platelets by neutrophils in EDTA anticoagulated blood have been considered in vitro phenomena without clinical significance. We observed these in a patient with acute, severe thrombocytopenic purpura who subsequently proved to have malignant lymphoma. Wide oscillations in the platelet count were noted and recurrent, severe gastrointestinal bleeding occurred even when the platelet count was normal. Platelet function was abnormal as shown by decreased platelet adhesion to glass beads, absence of a secondary wave of aggregation in response to ADP and eqinephrine, and no aggregation with collagen. Suspension of control platelets in the patient's plasma induced similar aggregation defects in the control platelets. Combination chemotherapy resulted in regression of lymphadenopathy, but platelet abnormalities and bleeding persisted. Platelet satellitism and phagocytosis by neutrophils seen on peripheral blood films may be associated with true thrombocytopenia, abnormal platelet function and bleeding with an underlying systemic disease. PMID- 717395 TI - Prognostic value of nucleoli and cell size in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - In an effort to improve prediction of duration of survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, correlations between blood-cell morphology and survival were investigated. Blood films made on 108 patients at the time of diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia were reviewed by a single hematologist. Lymphocyte diameter and the fraction of lymphocytes containing nucleoli were both found to have an inverse correlation with survival. Bone-marrow aspirate films were available for 64 patients. Differential leukocyte counts showed that the median for marrow lymphocytes was 64%. Those patients with a greater than median proportion of lymphocytes on marrow aspirate had a shorter survival time than those with less than median. PMID- 717394 TI - Hemopoietic support capacity of the adult mouse liver: II. Studies in acetylphenylhydrazine-treated mice. AB - We investigated the hemopoietic support capacity of the liver in intact and splenectomized adult mice treated with three daily injections of acetylphenyl hydrazine (APH). Packed red cell volumes, liver and spleen weights, numbers of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) in blood and liver, and liver histology were evaluated 4,8,12,16, and 20 days after the first injection. We found that 1) splenectomized, APH-treated mice had a greater and more sustained increase in the weights of their livers than the increase found in livers of intact APH-treated mice; 2) APH treatment elicited a much greater increase in the blood and liver CFU-S of splenectomized mice (47 and 42 times normal, respectively) than it elicited in the blood and liver CFU-S of intact mice (4--5 and 4 times normal, respectively); and 3) APH treatment induced numerous foci of hemopoietic tissue in the livers of splenectomized mice. The results of the CFU-S studies can be explained by, and to some extent support, the thesis that the adult mouse liver does not support proliferation of normal CFU-S, but can trap large numbers of circulating CFU-S. In addition, these studies suggest that the livers of adult mice are able to support only limited proliferation of differentiated hemopoietic elements. PMID- 717396 TI - Guidelines for protocol studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The treatment of any malignant disease requires appropriate criteria for diagnosis of the disease, appropriate methods for study, and techniques for evaluating response to treatment. In the past five years, there have been a number of proposed guidelines for studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These submitted guidelines represent a further re-evaluation of concepts in CLL, and are currently in use by Cancer and Leukemia Group B for protocol studies. It is clear that revisions will continue to be make as new knowledge accumulates. In the meantime, these are submitted for publication for use by other investigators. PMID- 717397 TI - Hemoglobin A1C separation by isoelectric focusing. AB - A modified type of isolectric focusing has been applied successfully to the separation of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) from HbA in normal and diabetic cell lysates. It consists of transforming a linear pH gradient into a nonlinear one, by the addition of an amphoteric substance ("separator" or "pH gradient modifier") with an isoelectric point (pI) close to the pI's of the two hemoglobins. Among the "modifiers" tested, histidine, proline, threonine, beta alanine, 6-amino caproic acid, and 5-amino valeric acid are not useful in the hemoglobin pI range (pH 6.9--7.0). The dipeptide histidyl-glycine (pI = 6.8; pI pK1 = 1) is very efficient in flattening the pH gradient, in the hemoglobin region. even when added in low concentrations (10--100 mM), thus affording full resolution of the two hemoglobin species. PMID- 717398 TI - Studies on a new variant of the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: qualitative, ultrastructural, and functional abnormalities of the platelet-dense bodies associated with a phospholipase A defect. AB - The structure and functions of platelets from a patient in whom albinism and hemorrhagic diathesis were associated have been investigated. Electron microscope studies showed a large reduction in the number of dense bodies and this was confirmed by an examination of fluorescent platelets loaded with mepacrine. The rare dense bodies were much bigger than normally observed; their density was diminished and was localized in a peripheral ring. Other platelet constituents were found to be normal. Platelet peroxidase activity was normal in the canaliculi of the dense tubular system; catalase-positive granules were also present. Serotonin uptake by the patient's platelets was much decreased and reserpine, a potent inhibitor of serotonin accumulation by normal human platelets, did not further decrease this incorporation. The uptake of free 14 C arachidonic acid by the platelets was greatly diminished, as was its thrombin induced liberation from phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidyl inositol. Moreover, platelet phospholipase A1 activity was much reduced and phospholipase A2 activity was undetectable. PMID- 717399 TI - Circulating inhibitors of blood coagulation associated with procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied a patient being treated with procainamide in whom we observed a high antinuclear antibody titer and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin (PTT), prothrombin (PT), and Stypven times (ST). Serum antibody concentrations against single-stranded DNA were elevated while those aginst native DNA were not elevated, suggesting the procainamide-induced lupus syndrome. Dilution of the patient's plasma with normal plasma failed to correct the PTT and PT, indicating the presence of an inhibitor(s) to blood coagulation. The anticoagulant activity was associated with the IgG fraction of the patient's serum. Addition of purified or partially purified human factors IX, X, VIII, VII, XIa, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, or phospholipids to the patient's plasma failed to correct the PTT, PT, or ST; however, purified human factor XII and prothrombin corrected the PTT and ST, respectively. These results indicate that production of antibodies directed against antigenic determinants on coagulation proteins can be a manifestation of procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus. PMID- 717400 TI - Average heterozygosity revisited. AB - The estimate of heterozygosity and proportion of polymorphic loci for 33 red blood cell loci has been updated by the elimination of some loci of questionable status and the addition of data on 33 loci. The new figures for heterozygosity and proportion of polymorphic loci, .105 and .283, respectively, are based on 60 red blood cell loci of European origin populations. These values are less than those calculated by Lewontin in 1967, and furthermore they do not appear to be reaching an asymptote. At the present time, the red blood cell data and allozyme data for European populations have similar estimates of heterozygosity and proportion of polymorphic loci. PMID- 717401 TI - Regulation of growth and gene activity in euploid hybrids between human neonatal fibroblasts and epithelioid amniotic fluid cells. AB - Pure populations of proliferating synkaryons were obtained from polyethylene glycol-mediated crosses between diploid human foreskin fibroblasts and epithelioid amniotic fluid cells. These hybrids proved to be chromosomally stable tetraploids. They continuously produced heteropolymeric G6PD and showed strictly additive patterns of silver staining of both parental sets of nucleolar organizing chromosomes. Collagenous proteins characteristic of the fibroblast parent were synthesized, while fibronectin production appeared to be directed by the epithelioid portion of the genome. Even though these heterotypic hybrids proliferated at a reduced rate and achieved fewer population doublings relative to homotypic (fibroblast X fibroblast) crosses, they survived passage by trypsinization better than pure populations of epithelioid cells. These observations suggest a concerted action of both parental genomes with respect to proteins responsible for "household" functions, but complementation and possibly modulation of gene action with respect to "luxury" protein synthesis and cell growth. PMID- 717403 TI - The nonresolution of IQ inheritance by path analysis. PMID- 717402 TI - Hereditary retinoblastoma: delayed mutation or host resistance? AB - Evidence is presented from the literature that there is little need to postulate delayed mutation for the retinoblastoma locus. Both penetrance and expressivity in the gene carrier can be defined as a variable determined by genetic and environmental factors, not by a Poisson distribution of tumors formed. Of individuals who received a new mutation from a healthy parent, approximately 13% do not manifest retinoblastoma, and the heritability of the host resistance is estimated at about 90%. The nonhereditary form of retinoblastoma may occur in the most susceptible group of the population. PMID- 717404 TI - Health professionals' use of drug information centers. PMID- 717405 TI - Determining staffing requirements in institutional pharmacy. PMID- 717406 TI - Psychological strain and job dissatisfaction in pharmacy practice: institutional versus community practitioners. PMID- 717407 TI - Savings achieved through cephalosporin surveillance. AB - The process by which a 427-bed, acute-care teaching hospital reduced the cost of cephalosporin therapy is described. During a nine-month surveillance period, cefazolin prescribing patterns were monitored. Of the 674 patients who received cefazolin, 640 (92%) received dosages greater than those recommended in the literature. Attempts were made to alter inappropriate prescribing through pharmacist-physician consultation and through contact with the medical service representative of the company which supplied cefazolin. Because these efforts failed, the pharmacy and therapeutics committee decided to delete cefazolin from the formulary. Cephalothin and cephapirin were found to be clinically similar; therefore, the committee recommended that the less expensive cephapirin be dispensed whenever a parenteral cephalosporin was ordered. Prior to the switch to cephapirin, cefazolin accounted for 49% of all parenteral cephalosporin use and 62% of the cephalosporin cost. Cephalothin and cefazolin were 30% and 88%, respectively, more expensive than cephapirin. In the first year after the switch, the hospital saved $33,196 (28.8% of the previous year's total expenditures for cephalosporins). PMID- 717408 TI - Audit of the de Haen Drugs-In-Use Drug Information System. AB - An audit of 100 abstracts from the de Haen Drugs-In-Use Drug Information System was conducted to determine the reliability of this drug information source. The original article was reviewed and compared with the information contained on the corresponding de Haen card. The card was audited for accuracy, completeness and judgment of abstraction. Forty-six cards contained at least one error. A total of 66 errors were observed: 47 involved errors of accuracy, 15 involved errors of completeness and 4 involved errors in judgment. The subscriber is urged to use the de Haen abstracts as a means of literature access only, and not as a primary source of drug information. PMID- 717409 TI - Right atrial indwelling catheter for patients requiring long-term intravenous therapy. AB - The use of a central venous catheter for long-term intravenous therapy is described. The catheter's history, physical description, and uses are discussed. Also reviewed are complications from use of the catheter, the pharmacist's role in patient teaching, and the procedure for administering medications through the catheter. A listing of drugs administered through the catheter, incompatibility data and patient teaching instructions are also included. PMID- 717410 TI - Duplicate prescription system to facilitate communication between a hospital pharmacy and community pharmacies. AB - A duplicate prescription system which enables a university hospital pharmacist to fill a copy of the prescription and return the original prescription to the patient for obtaining continuing supplies in his local community is described. The system is based on a prescription form and carbon duplicate with designated space for notations, and clarifications by the pharmacist. Instructions for use of the form and a statement that the prescription copy cannot be filled legally at any other pharmacy assures that the system will not be misused. The system helps assure that an initial quantity of medication is obtained by the patient before he leaves the hospital. Time spent by patients and prescribers in establishing initial and continuing supplies of medication is decreased under the system. The system is of substantial benefit to patients and health care providers. PMID- 717411 TI - Successful treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica with zinc sulfate. AB - A case of a 22-month-old child with acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) is reported. At five months of age, the patient experienced generalized oral and cutaneous candidiasis for which she was treated with nystatin and iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocortisone. She then had to be treated for secondary infection of the lesions. After three months, the cycle repeated, and the patient was treated with topical clotrimazole, Mycolog (nystatin, gramicidin, neomycin sulfate, triamcinolone acetonide) and oral nystatin. After a worsening of her condition, she was admitted to a hospital where she was treated initially with procaine penicillin G, then methicillin sodium and gentamicin sulfate. Treatment with zinc sulfate, 50 mg t.i.d., was initiated when laboratory studies showed a serum zinc level of 60 microgram/dl. Skin lesions were 99% resolved and serum zinc increased to 118 microgram/dl after 17 days of zinc sulfate therapy. Previous case reports and studies of the clinical features, treatment and pathogenesis of AE are reviewed. PMID- 717412 TI - Will antibiotics become obsolete? PMID- 717413 TI - Drug development for "orphan" diseases. PMID- 717414 TI - The natural history of stroke in sickle cell disease. PMID- 717415 TI - Diagnosis of "asbestosis". Observations from a longitudinal survey of shipyard pipe coverers. PMID- 717416 TI - Unilateral chronic pyelonephritis and hypertension: coincidental or causal relationship? AB - Three patients with well documented unilateral chronic pyelonephritis (UCP) of bacterial origin, one hypertensive and two normo-tensive, were presented. Removal of the contracted kidney in the hypertensive patient did not eradicate the hypertension. An attempt was made to define UCP as closely as possible. The clinical, roentgenologic, bacteriologic, functional and pathologic criteria of UCP was described. But, as other conditions may mimic the roentgenologic, functional and pathologic picture of UCP, a history of recurrent urinary tract infection accompanied by a documented unilateral renal bacteriuria is the basic requirement for a sustained diagnosis of UCP. In view of these more exacting criteria in the diagnosis of UCP, and its water and salt-losing functional pattern, UCP is a rare cause of hypertension, in the majority of cases the association of UCP with hypertension is merely coincidental. PMID- 717417 TI - Primary amenorrhea in an elderly woman. PMID- 717418 TI - Myocardial infarction immediately following cardiovascular stress testing. AB - A 45 year old man with recent onset of atypical chest pain, who sustained an acute myocardial infarction within 15 minutes after a negative treadmill exercise test, is described. The clinical course was complicated by persistence of chest pain despite afterload reduction and electrocardiographic evidence of inferoapical myocardial infarction. Coronary arteriography three and a half months later revealed minimal obstructive disease. PMID- 717419 TI - Blood pressure, renin-angiotensin system and urinary kallikrein in a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor. PMID- 717420 TI - Two cases of Hemophilus endocarditis of prolapsed mitral valves--Hemophilus paraphrophilus or parainfluenzae? PMID- 717421 TI - Nontraumatic clostridial myonecrosis. PMID- 717422 TI - Mechanism of spontaneous supine blood pressure variations in chronic autonomic insufficiency. PMID- 717423 TI - Hypocomplementemia in hydralazine-associated systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 717424 TI - Chorea complicating oral contraceptive therapy. Case report and review of the literature. PMID- 717425 TI - Trace metal analyses. PMID- 717426 TI - Laboratory ordering: a system which eliminates paperwork. AB - A traditional ordering system can be replaced by a time- and paper-saving traveling requisition system. The increased speed of ordering which results can decrease lead time for receiving frequently used supplies. PMID- 717427 TI - Criterion-referenced testing in medical technology education: Professional Performance Situation Model. AB - In applying the Professional Performance Situation Model to the medical technology profession, situations describing actual laboratory performance are used as a basis for defining competence. As these definitions of competence are derived, appropriate criterion-referenced (domain-referenced) assessments are designed to measure the achievement of competence. This paper describes the process by which situations representing clinical practice are derived, the extrapolation of skill and knowledge statements reflecting expected performance, the generation of domains of competence, the design of criterion-referenced assessments, and some examples of prototype instruments used to assess attainment of the competence. The techniques include multiple choice items, checklists for use in the clinical component of the educational experience, and the adaptation of the written simulation for instruction and evaluation in medical laboratory sciences education. Validity of this approach is discussed, as well as possible implications for its use in developing assessments to measure continued competence in the profession beyond the baccalaureate education. PMID- 717428 TI - Government regulations. PMID- 717429 TI - Is the nitrate drinking water standard unnecessarily low? Current research indicates that it is. PMID- 717430 TI - Comparison of dewpoint and freezing point osmometry. AB - Osmolality was measured on 32 clear serum samples and on 23 urines, with dewpoint and with freezing point osmometers. The observed regression equation was dewpoint = 0.96 freezing point +7.6, with a correlation mean for 32 clear sera analyzed by both methods was not significantly different. However, when 14 lipemic sera were analyzed, the dewpoint measurements were higher: X dewpoint = 291.6; X freezing point = 284.1. The between-run standard deviation observed for a normal serum pool yielded a coefficient of variation of 1.04 with the freezing point and 2.38 with the dewpoint instrument. Results indicate that the dewpoint device should be used with caution for lipemic serum samples. PMID- 717431 TI - HEW plans for uniform PT and QC standards. PMID- 717432 TI - Beckman glucose and BUN discrete analyzers. PMID- 717433 TI - A nontraditional approach to medical laboratory technology education. AB - The nontraditional program in medical laboratory technology for adult students was initiated at Corning Community College in 1975. The overall design of the model permits adults who have gained knowledge and skills as a result of their work experience to have opportunities for the assessment of these learnings and for flexible, modular instruction to increase their level of competency in medical technology. The central goal of this model is to increase the educational alternatives available to the adult population, specifically, the working adult in the medical laboratory. This approach enables individuals who are currently employed to attain an Associate in Applied Science (AAS) degree and eligibility for certification as a medical (clinical) laboratory technician. PMID- 717434 TI - Recommended procedures for the examination of clinical specimens submitted for the diagnosis of parasitic infections. PMID- 717435 TI - Analysis of motor disorder in retarded infants and young children. AB - A prospective longitudinal study of 53 retarded infants and young children without evidence of a frank physical disability suggests that their delayed motor development was related to a subtle but specific disturbance in the evolution of infantile reflex behavior. The aberration was characterized by a delay in the appearance of postural adjustment reactions, specifically, of propping and equilibrium responses that, under normal circumstances, precede the accomplishment of successive gross-motor milestones. Motor development in this selected group of retarded children was delayed for their chronological age but was consistent with the maturational level of postural adjustment reactions. PMID- 717436 TI - Effects of repeated assessment on standardized test performance by infants. AB - Infant-intervention programs that evaluate their effectiveness by repeatedly testing infants with standardized tests may confound intervention effects with repeated-testing effects. Further, maternal participation in testing may increase infants' test scores, either directly by giving infants practice with test-like items at home between test administrations or indirectly by helping infants adapt to the test setting. Thirty-five infants were tested at 3-month intervals between 4 and 28 months of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and at 31 months of age with the Stanford-Binet; 25 infants were tested with the Bayley at 4 months and the Stanford-Binet at 31 months. Mothers of some infants in each group participated in the testing process. Between-subjects analysis on the Stanford-Binet revealed no effects for repeated testing or maternal participation. Within-subjects analyses for repeatedly tested groups demonstrated that maternal presence during testing, but not repeated testing, was associated with significantly higher Bayley scores. It was concluded that maternal presence is a potent influence on Bayley performance, that repeated experience with the Bayley biased neither performance on another standardized test of development nor subsequent Bayley performance, and that infant intervention programs are not likely to confound their evaluation designs by testing infants repeatedly. PMID- 717437 TI - Placement from community-based mental retardation programs: how well do clients do? AB - Mentally retarded clients (N = 131) placed during a 2-year period from either an independent living or competitive employment training program were evaluated as to placement success. Thirteen percent returned to the training program. Successful independent living placement was related to intelligence and demonstrated skills in symbolic operations, personal maintenance, clothing care and use, socially appropriate behavior, and functional academics. Successful employment was related to sensorimotor, visual-auditory processing, language, and symbolic-operations skills. Major reasons for returning from a job to the competitive employment training program included inappropriate behavior or need for more training; returning from community living placement was related to money management, apartment cleanliness, social behavior, and meal preparation. PMID- 717438 TI - Use of active sorting and retrieval strategies as a facilitator of recall, clustering, and sorting by EMR and nonretarded children. AB - The ability of 60 EMR and 60 nonretarded children to acquire and retain a sorting and retrieval strategy designed to be facilitative of recall and clustering was examined. All subjects were given a baseline task and, based on their performance, were assigned to one of three groups: experimental, practice, and control. The experimental group received a multi-session training procedure that consisted of instructing the subjects to arrange the stimuli in conceptual arrays, to name individual stimuli and the superordinates to which the stimuli belong, and to count the number of stimuli in each superordinate. The practice group was presented with the same stimuli but received no training. The control group received only the baseline and criterion measures. Analyses of data showed superior performance by the experimental group on measures of short- and long term recall, clustering, and sorting. PMID- 717439 TI - Performance of MA-matched nonretarded and retarded children on discrimination learning and transfer-shift tasks. AB - The effects of the nature of the relevant dimension, response mode, imagery, and age on discrimination learning and shift performance was examined. Three age groups were used, CA 8 years-MA 8 years, CA 5 years-MA 5 years. CA 8 years-MA 5 years. The latter group learned both intradimensional and extradimensional shifts slower than did the former two groups. Subsequent analyses suggested that the reason for the slower learning in the retarded group was their greater frequency of control by dominant dimensions and/or the initial control by novel stimuli. A second finding was related to the particular procedure employed. Children were required to either press a button to indicate which of two stimuli was correct or pick up the correct stimulus. Form-relevant but not color-relevant problems were facilitated by the pick-up procedure. These findings suggest that dimensional dominance may be a consequence of the procedures employed in previous reports where children were or were not permitted to manipulate the stimuli. PMID- 717440 TI - Systematic correction procedures in vocational-skill training of severely retarded individuals. AB - Seventy severely retarded adults were taught a vocational assembly-skill task involving a difficult visual--motor discrimination. Comparisons of relative effects on trials-to-criterion were made among two types of verbal-correction procedures (general: "try another way" and specific: "flat side in") and three types of systematic physical-correction procedures (gesture, physical prompt, and repeated practice). Reliable differences in effects occurred only between the three systematic physical-correction procedures, with repeated practice the most effective, physical prompts next, and gestures the least effective. The results were interpreted as demonstrating the efficacy of trainer-related training procedures in relation to stimulus-related strategies, as well as relative efficacy among trainer-related correction procedures. PMID- 717441 TI - Verification of property statements by retarded and nonretarded adolescents. AB - Educable mentally retarded and nonretarded adolescents verified true and false statements about the properties of common objects. For the true sentences, one half contained properties rated as highly salient to the given object, and half contained less salient properties. Further, at each level of salience, one-half of the properties were static (physical) properties, e.g., "Carrots are orange," and half were action properties, e.g., "Rabbits can hop." True verification times were more rapid for all subjects when sentences contained highly salient properties. In addition, sentences containing action properties were verified faster than those containing static properties, but only by the retarded subjects (whose response times were slower overall). Additional analyses indicated that the retarded subjects responded particularly rapidly to action properties that designate "what can be done to an object" (extrinsic-action properties) as opposed to "what an object can do" (intrinsic-action properties). These findings were discussed in relation to the organization of semantic knowledge and the apparent group differences in the weighting of semantic features. PMID- 717443 TI - Attitudes of caretakers toward the sexual behavior of mentally retarded persons. AB - A multidimensional questionnaire was administered to staff members at three residential facilities for retarded persons to determine their attitudes toward the actual and potential sexual behavior of retarded persons. The questionnaire covered the areas of masturbation and heterosexual and homosexual behavior. Dimensions were scaled to reflect progressively more intimate behavior so that acceptability of each response along the dimensions could be assessed. A mean of 31.2 percent of those questioned felt that no sexual behavior, not even simple physical contact, was acceptable for retarded persons. This indicates that sex education programs for retarded persons may be met with resistance by a substantial percentage of staff. Among those staff members who found it acceptable for retarded people to engage in sexual behavior, peak acceptability occurred for heterosexual behavior. Sexual behavior in public, especially public masturbation, was considered a significant problem. More specific effects were identified, and the implications of these results for educational programs and the development of intervention procedures were discussed. PMID- 717442 TI - Small-group training as an alternative to individual programs for profoundly retarded persons. AB - A comparison of group and individualized training methods was made by teaching 12 profoundly retarded men a series of imitative tasks under one of three program conditions. Each of the conditions was allotted 20 hours of training time from staff. The four members of the intact-group program received their 20 hours of instruction on a group basis. The four individual-program members had the training time divided between them and were taught separately. In a third program, the add-in group had the entry times of its membership staggered so that special attention could be given to each new member. The results indicated that the group programs were as effective as individual treatment for increasing imitative skills when staff time was held constant. Advantages of group programming were discussed in terms of increased activity and socialization for clients. PMID- 717444 TI - Effects of within-stimulus and extra-stimulus prompting of letter discrimination by mentally retarded persons. AB - Two different prompting procedures for teaching letter discrimination to mentally retarded persons were compared. Each of 24 severely retarded subjects received training on six alphabet letters, three by extra-stimulus prompting (adding to topographically different cue, a pointing finger) and three by within-stimulus prompting (accentuating critical features of the stimuli themselves). Letter discrimination was tested prior to, immediately following, and 2 weeks after training. A significantly greater proportion of letters trained by within stimulus prompting was learned (p less than .001), thereby replicating past research with autistic children. Since mentally retarded persons are overselective and attend to few cues in a stimulus array, within-stimulus prompting may be more effective than between-stimulus prompting. PMID- 717445 TI - Use of a relational focus strategy in oddity performance of EMR adolescents. AB - A series of 5-item oddity tasks was administered to 44 EMR adolescents to determine whether a consistent strategy was used to achieve problem solutions. Such a strategy requires establishing a relational hypothesis for two items in a set and retaining that hypothesis in memory while testing subsequent items against it. Evidence for use of a consistent strategy would be found in a particular pattern of response latencies and errors dependent upon the position of the odd stimulus in each 5-item set. Analysis of variance of the mean latency scores and errors for the five positions in which the odd item occurred suggested that a consistent strategy was being applied. PMID- 717446 TI - Effect of imposed vs. self-generated imagery and sentence mediation on the free recall of retarded adolescents. AB - The effectiveness of verbal and imaginal elaborations on the free recall of institutionalized EMR adolescents was investigated. Fifty subjects were assigned to one of five conditions: experimenter-imposed verbalization, experimenter imposed imagery, subject-generated verbalization, subject-generated imagery, and control. The subjects saw 15 pictures, presented in sets of 3, for five trial bloks, and were asked to recall the 15 pictures after each trial block. Over all trials combined, it was found that recall in the experimenter-imposed verbalization and the experimenter-imposed imagery conditions was reliably superior to recall in the control and subject-generated verbalization conditions. Although retarded adolescents were capable of producing verbal or imaginal elaborations, as evidenced by post-experimental inquiry, elaborations facilitated recall only when they were supplied by the experimenter. PMID- 717447 TI - Pregnancy hypertension, parity, and the renin-angiotensin system. AB - Factors which influence levels of plasma AII in late pregnancy have been studied in 50 primigravidas and 53 multigravidas. A highly significant relationship has been shown between diastolic blood pressure and plasma AII (r = 0.4190 p less than 0.005) in primigravidas but not in multigravidas (r = 0.205; p less than 0.3). Multiple regression analysis and analysis of covariance have been applied to a series of independent variables with plasma AII as the dependent variable. The single most important variable related to AII levels in primigravidas was diastolic blood pressure whereas in multigravidas it was proteinuria. Rhesus blood group was shown to have a significant effect in both parity groups, Rh negative primigravid women exhibiting higher values of AII. PMID- 717448 TI - Late follow-up in women with nephrosclerosis diagnosed at pregnancy. AB - Thirteen nephrosclerotic women were followed for 2 to 7 years from the time a diagnosis was made following a pregnancy complicated by hypertension. Ten patients developed sustained hypertension. Twelve women who were examined responded with a hypertensive pattern to acute salt load. Of the 10 patients who were examined, seven had a reduced renal plasma flow (RPF) demonstrated by the phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) excretion test. The present observations support the view that the vascular lesion in the kidneys precedes and persists independently of pregnancy. The pregnant state brings the hypertensive disease to clinical expression. PMID- 717449 TI - Pregnancy in familial dysautonomia. AB - This report describes the first two known instances of viable pregnancies in two patients with familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome). The offspring were apparently normal. Several conditions, specifically related to autonomic and sensory dysfunction in pregnancy, are discussed. PMID- 717450 TI - Surge of fetal plasma triiodothyronine before birth in sheep. AB - Plasma thyroid hormone and cortisol concentrations were measured from early third trimester to delivery in seven pregnant ewes and their fetuses. A surge in fetal plasma triiodothyronine was found during the six days prior to delivery, the mean values rising from less than 30 to 125 ng. per deciliter. During this period the fetal plasma cortisol also increased from less than 1 to 8.1 microgram per deciliter. During this period there was no significant change in fetal plasma thyroxine (T4) or reverse T3 concentrations and no change in maternal plasma concentrations of any of these hormones. The abrupt increase in fetal plasma T3 concentrations with no rise in plasma T4 suggests that there was an alteration in extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 rather than an increase in thyroid secretion, since the latter would be expected to cause an increase in both plasma T4 and plasma T3. The changes in plasma T3 and cortisol concentrations in a fetus that died in utero eight to 10 days before term resembled those occurring prior to normal parturition. PMID- 717451 TI - The relationship of maternal anxiety, plasma catecholamines, and plasma cortisol to progress in labor. AB - The relationships among maternal anxiety, selected stress-related biochemical factors, and progress in three defined phases of labor were determined for 32 married, normal, primigravid women, 20 to 32 years of age. Comparisons of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in third-trimester pregnancy, during labor, and after delivery are provided. At the onset of Phase 2 of labor (3 cm. of cervical dilatation), self-reported anxiety and endogenous plasma epinephrine are significantly correlated. With the deletion of subjects to control for the effect of medications, higher epinephrine levels are significantly associated with lower uterine contractile activity at the onset of Phase 2 and with longer labor in Phase 2 (3 to 10 cm. of cervical dilatation). The relationship between epinephrine and progress in labor is explained by an adrenoreceptor theory. PMID- 717452 TI - Effect of cholestyramine and phenobarbital on pruritus and serum bile acid levels in cholestasis of pregnancy. AB - Serum bile acid concentrations were followed in 29 patients with cholestasis of pregnancy treated for pruritus with either phenobarbital or cholestyramine. The response of serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid levels to phenobarbital administered to 10 patients in a 100 to 150 mg. daily dose was variable: some decrease was found in four and some increase in three of the patients, but no clear effect on itching could be seen in any of them. In five of the other 10 patients treated with cholestyramine, 4 Gm. two or three times a day, serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid levels fell within 1 week of treatment, in one of these near to normal with complete relief from pruritus. It seems that patients with initially high serum bile acid levels do not respond to cholestyramine treatment. In these cases the biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids may be diminished to such an extent that the anion binding resin is unable to augment fecal elimination of bile salts sufficiently to lower their serum levels. PMID- 717453 TI - Vaginal and cervical squamous cell dysplasia in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. AB - Two hundred and fifty patients were examined because of a history of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) or because of the presence of physical findings suggesting such exposure. One thousand biopsies were examined for the presence of neoplasia and then compared to the colposcopic findings. There were no cases of glandular or squamous cell carcinoma. Fifteen (6 per cent) of the patients had squamous cell dysplasia. The degree of dysplasia was mild in 11 and moderate in only 4 (1.6 per cent) of the women. The majority of the cases of dysplasia involved the cervix, whereas the vagina was involved in only four cases, with simultaneous cervical dysplasia in three of these. Patients with cervical mosaic and white epithelium had dysplasia on biopsy much more frequently as compared with patients with similar colposcopic appearances in the vagina. Our results suggest a low incidence of significant squamous precancerous change in the DES-exposed population and provide evidence that colposcopic data concerning dysplasia pertinent to the cervix cannot be applied without modification to the evaluation of dysplasia in vaginal adenosis. PMID- 717454 TI - Chemotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the cervix: doxorubicin--methyl CCNU. AB - Treatment was initiated for metastatic or recurrent squamous carcinoma of the cervix with a combination of doxorubicin and methyl CCNU in 37 patients. Results after at least one full course of chemotherapy were fully evaluated in 31 of these patients. The objective response rate of 45.1 per cent obtained with this therapy compared favorably with those obtained by other authors using single or multiple agents. This chemotherapy regimen may need to be modified to improve patients' tolerance. The improved survival rate and high number of complete remissions demonstrated in this pilot study show promise for this type of chemotherapy in the future. PMID- 717455 TI - Synthetic progestins: in vitro potency on human endometrium and specific binding to cytosol receptor. AB - The relative potency of six commonly used synthetic progestins has been evaluated in an organ culture system for human endometrium. The affinities of these progestins for endometrial progesterone receptor were also evaluated after removing the CBG-like protein by spheroidal hydroxylapatite chromatography. All six progestins induced an increase in tissue glycogen during culture at lower concentrations than did progesterone; only one (medroxyprogesterone acetate) had a relative affinity greater than progesterone. The relative potencies and affinities of the synthetic progestins were found to have the same relative order but to differ in relative magnitude. PMID- 717456 TI - Toxicity manifestations following intravenous Corynebacterium parvum administration to patients with ovarian and cervical carcinoma. AB - Manifestations of clinical toxicity were evaluated following 341 courses of intravenous Corynebacterium parvum adjuvant immunotherapy in patients with ovarian and cervical carcinoma. Most patients exhibited symptoms of minor toxicity, which decreased in intensity as subsequent courses of therapy were administered. Temperature elevations to 38.5 degrees C. were the most objectively measured signs of toxicity but temperature elevations greater than 38.5 degrees C. occurred following only 20.5 per cent of the infusions. Blood pressure alterations were not a serious problem and no serious central nervous system or renal toxicity was noted. The minor side effects should not preclude the use of C. parvum as an immunopotentiating agent if it is shown to be beneficial in the treatment of human malignant disease. PMID- 717457 TI - Pattern of sexual steroids, prolactin, and gonadotropic hormones during prolactin inhibition in normally cycling women. PMID- 717458 TI - Amniotic fluid cortisol in normal and diabetic pregnant women and its relation to respiratory disease in the neonate. AB - One hundred and thirty samples of amniotic fluid from normal and diabetic pregnant women were analyzed for cortisol concentration. In normal pregnancies, cortisol was present in low concentrations until 35 weeks' gestation, followed by a sharp rise at 36 weeks and a continued upward trend to 39 weeks. The rise after 35 weeks was delayed or absent in many patients with diabetes. In the combined population, the incidence of respiratory disease with a lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio greater than or equal to 2 was 26 per cent if the amniotic fluid cortisol was less than 4.3 microgram per 100 ml. and 2.9 per cent if the cortisol concentration was greater than or equal to 4.3 microgram per 100 ml. PMID- 717459 TI - Single-dose metronidazole for trichomonal vaginitis: patient and consort. PMID- 717460 TI - Ballantyne's triple edema syndrome: prenatal diagnosis with ultrasound and maternal renal biopsy findings. PMID- 717461 TI - Recurrence of pneumothorax as a possible complication of elective circumcision. PMID- 717462 TI - Sudden anuria in a pregnant woman with a solitary kidney. PMID- 717463 TI - Use of computers in the labor and delivery suite: an overview. AB - Some simple computers for fetal monitoring are already commercially available. These systems are designed to alarm when abnormalities reflected by the fetal heart are detected during labor. Unfortunately, the problems of fetal heart rate/intrauterine pressure data analysis have been oversimplified. An "ideal" obstetric computer-based data management system would begin, as the clinician should, with the assessment of risk from the patient's past history, pregnancy course, and labor progress as a basis for analyzing the condition of the fetus during labor. Systems available now are of limited scope, expensive, and of unproved clinical value. Premature attempts at clinical computerization will accomplish little, except to give computers a bad name. Let the buyer beware! PMID- 717464 TI - Severe edema-proteinuria-hypertension gestosis. AB - Severe edema-proteinuria-hypertension (EPH) gestosis (pre-eclampsia) appears in at least two forms (A and B). The A type is mostly complicated by fits, while the B type is characterized by multiple organ failure. The perinatal mortality rate is especially high in the B group. All gravid women with severe EPH gestosis benefit from blood volume expansion therapy. PMID- 717465 TI - Early vulvar carcinoma. AB - Fifty-eight cases of early vulvar neoplasia were reviewed from the Tumor Registry at Magee-Womens Hospital, between 1947 and 1976. Twenty-three cases were carcinoma in situ; 16 were microinvasive, and 19 were occult carcinoma. All of the cases were treated surgically. The modality of surgical treatment varied from local excision to radical vulvectomy with inguinal lymph node dissection. Regardless of the surgical therapy, none of the patients died of the vulvar malignancy. It is recommended, as part of routine gynecologic surveillance, that more critical attention be given to examination for early epithelial neoplastic lesions of the vulva. This can be accomplished by simple inspection and the use of special diagnostic aids. Biopsy specimens should be reviewed histologically for depth of invasion and the treatment individualized to the patient with considerations for conservatism, especially in younger women. PMID- 717466 TI - Adolescent sexual activity: contraception and abortion. AB - One hundred twenty-five pregnant adolescents 16 years of age or younger and their parents were studied prior to abortion and were compared with 72 nulligravid control subjects. The control group reported less incidence of sexual intercourse and more causal heterosexual relationships of shorter durations. A significantly larger percentage of the abortion group approved of premarital sexual intercourse "when the couple is going steady." Sixty-eight per cent of the adolescents who were seeking abortions had never used a contraceptive. Abortion "on demand" was favored by the majority of the abortion group, whereas the control group favored "abortion under special circumstances." Neither were the pregnant teenagers' parents aware of nor had they discussed their daughter's sexual activities, much less contraception. Prevention of unwanted pregnancies in early adolescence should encompass an educational effort on the part of the health professions, involving both the adolescents and their parents. PMID- 717467 TI - Studies on the duration of egg transport by the human oviduct. II. Ovum location at various intervals following luteinizing hormone peak. AB - The location of ova in the genital tract between 24 and 144 hours following the LH peak was determined in 23 normal women. Nineteen eggs were found in the Fallopian tubes between 24 and 96 hours and five eggs were recovered from the endometrial cavity between 96 and 144 hours following the LH peak. According to the present data and considering that ovulation occurs in the human subject nearly 17 hours after the LH peak, it is concluded that the transport of unfertilized ova in women is characterized by a period of retention in the ampulla, which lasts approximately 72 hours, followed by rapid transit through the isthmus and appearance of the ovum in the endometrial cavity around 80 hours after ovulation. PMID- 717468 TI - Uterine fibrolipoleiomyoma: report of a case with discussion of histogenesis. PMID- 717469 TI - Gonorrhea in pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy complicated by gonorrhea was studied in 178 patients delivered of their infants over an eight-year period. There was an increased incidence of chorioamnionitis (p less than 0.05) and intrauterine growth retardation (p less than 0.05) in these patients when compared with matched controls. In 19 patients with positive gonorrheal cultures at delivery, there was a significant increase in the incidence of premature rupture of membranes (p less than 0.05), chorioamnionitis (p less than 0.05), and prematurity (p less than 0.05). Recurrence or persistence of positive cultures was found in 18 per cent of the patients with pregnancy gonorrhea. Two required hospitalization for intensive parenteral treatment when repeated attempts at outpatient management were unsuccessful. PMID- 717470 TI - Induction of labor with oral prostaglandin E2 in normal and high-risk pregnancies. AB - There were 153 oral prostaglandin (PG) E2 inductions attempted in 149 patients. For various reasons nine cases were dropped from the study. Of the remaining 144 induction attempts, 96 were judged successful, with a success rate of 67 per cent. Details of these inductions are presented, including summaries of three patients with uterine hypertonus and three with uterine hyperstimulation. As a rule, the labor pattern established with oral PGE2 was effective and indistinguishable from normal spontaneous labor. After review of the data we feel that induction of labor with oral PGE2 is no more hazardous to mother or infant than with other oxytocic agents. In our opinion oral PGE2 offers the obstetrician an additional means for induction of labor in normal and high-risk pregnancies. The need for close observation of the progress of labor during PGE2 inductions is emphasized. PMID- 717471 TI - Polyamines in amniotic fluid, plasma, and urine during normal pregnancy. AB - Polyamines have been implicated as markers of cell kinetic parameters. Putrescine and spermine were elevated in the urine of women with normal pregnancies. Particularly striking was the over 75-fold increase in spermine excretion. Putrescine was more than twofold that found for normal women. In several patients followed serially during pregnancy to assess the temporal pattern of the urinary excretion of polyamines, it was found that the highest levels of all three polyamines occurred at 12 weeks of gestation. In amniotic fluid, putrescine was higher prior to 30 weeks of gestation whereas spermidine was significantly higher at or beyond 30 weeks of gestation. Spermine was relatively high in both groups. Studies are ongoing to assess whether alterations from these normally elevated patterns will occur in the fluids of pregnant women at high risk for abnormal fetal development. PMID- 717472 TI - Transfer of estradiol to human milk. AB - A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of estradiol in human milk is evaluated. The detection limit was found to be 25 pg. of estradiol per milliliter of milk. In milk samples collected from four lactating women during three to four months and from one pregnant and lactating woman, the concentration of estradiol was found to be below the detection limit of the assay. When six lactating women were given vaginal suppositories containing 50 or 100 mg. of estradiol, it was possible to estimate the estradiol concentration in milk. A ratio of transfer of estradiol from plasma to milk during physiologic conditions is calculated to be less than 100:10. PMID- 717474 TI - Distribution of the bulk of the normal placenta. Review and classification of 800 cases by ultrasonography. AB - A series of 800 ultrasonographic placentographies is reviewed and categorized by the location of the main bulk of the placenta. It represents, to our knowledge, the first such study of the undisturbed placenta and demonstrates a remarkably even distribution with frequent overlapping of more than one uterine sector. A simple form of categorization is presented and the clinical implications and value of ultrasonography are underscored. PMID- 717475 TI - Fetal pulmonary maturity as determined by fluorescent polarization of amniotic fluid. PMID- 717473 TI - Neonatal neurobehavioral tests following cesarean section under general and spinal anesthesia. AB - The Scanlon Group of Early Neonatal Neurobehavioral Tests (E.N.N.S.) was administered to 150 babies delivered by elective cesarean section. Fifty of the mothers were induced into general anesthesia with thiopental, 4 mg. per kilogram, and 50 with ketamine, 1 mg. per kilogram. Fifty mothers received spinal anesthesia with 6 to 8 mg. of tetracaine. All mothers receiving spinal anesthesia were given 100 per cent oxygen by a transparent face mask and all undergoing general anesthesia received N2O-O2 (6L:6L) until delivery of the baby. All mothers were healthy and all babies weighed 2,500 grams or more, were apparently normal, and had Apgar scores of 7 or more at one minute to 10 at five minutes. Spinal anesthesia was associated with the greatest percentage of high scores on both the first and second day for overall assessment, pinprick response, tone, rooting, sucking. Moro response, placing, alertness, and total decrement (habituation) scores. There was a statistically significant difference between all the scores for spinal compared to the other two groups. The scores were lowest following a thiopental induction and intermediate with ketamine although the difference did not reach statistical significance. PMID- 717476 TI - Early detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine by simple immunoassays. AB - Data are presented to show that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine can be detected early in pregnancy by simple immunoassays performed prior to or around the time of the expected but missed menstrual period. Differences between the use of simple immunoassays with urine and radioimmunoassays and radioreceptor assays with serum are discussed. PMID- 717477 TI - Hydatidiform mole as a complication of artificial insemination. PMID- 717478 TI - Quantitation of sickle cell and normal hemoglobins in amniotic fluid by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 717479 TI - A case of intermittent ovarian failure. PMID- 717480 TI - Possible ovulatory deficiency after tubal ligation. PMID- 717481 TI - Choriocarcinoma with metastasis in a postmenopausal woman. PMID- 717482 TI - Single-dose metronidazole. PMID- 717483 TI - "Precise" infant mortality rates. PMID- 717484 TI - Distribution of low-birth weight babies in developing countries. PMID- 717485 TI - Intracervical block with needle and syringe. PMID- 717486 TI - Use of fetoscopy. PMID- 717487 TI - Resident training goals in obstetrics and gynecology for the 1980's. Presidential address. AB - Residency training goals and manpower needs in the 1980's and beyond should bear a consistent relationship. Projections for supply and demand for obstetrics and gynecology and for those medical specialties with overlapping responsibilities, though fraught with uncertainties, suggest that currently approved training programs in obstetrics and gynecology will meet clinical manpower needs for 1990. The role of the obstetrician-gynecologist in the primary care of women will be increasingly shared with others and the trend in urban areas for task delegation seems likely to increase. The popular and pervasive emphasis on primary care carries with it the serious risk that the present shortage of qualified investigators may not be corrected in the next decade. This could seriously hamper our efforts to recruit new faculty and maintain quality in our training programs. PMID- 717488 TI - The effect of estrogens on hypothalamic structure and function. AB - Data accumulated from studies of several species indicate that sex steroids are metabolized by neuroendocrine tissues in a manner analogous to that of other target tissues. Evidence that androgens or their estrogenic metabolites affect the morphology and function of the nervous system in fetal, newborn, developing, and adult rats is presented. The destruction of neural processes subsequent to the administration of large doses of estrogen to intact rats can now be added to the previously known effects on synaptogenesis, cell morphology, and function. We believe this destruction to be a form of chemical deafferentation and that it may underlie age-related hypothalamic failure and the development of multifollicular ovaries in the rat. Implications for other species are not clear at present. PMID- 717489 TI - Intrauterine ethanol-induced termination of pregnancy in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The effectiveness of locally applied ethanol in terminating early pregnancy in cynomolgus monkeys was studied. In a randomized trial ethanol (70 per cent, 1 ml.) or saline (0.9 per cent, 1 ml.) was injected extra-amniotically through a sterile blunt-end needdle inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity. Six of seven monkeys receiving ethanol showed vaginal bleeding beginning one or two days after treatment. With the one failure, alcohol leakage occurred from the Luer-lock needle joint at the time of injection and the amount entering the uterus was unknown. No animal receiving saline showed any vaginal bleeding. The six monkeys showing vaginal bleeding were found to have nonenlarged or subnormally enlarged uteri one month after treatment. All monkeys subsequently resumed menstrual cycles within one year. Three monkeys became pregnant and were delivered at term of healthy offspring. Histologic evaluation of uteri from ethanol-treated monkeys revealed necrosis of decidua and, to a lesser degree, of the placenta one day after injection. The high efficacy of 70 per cent ethanol in inducing endometrial sloughing and the documentation of normal subsequent pregnancies in 50 per cent of treated monkeys make this technique worthy of consideration as a menstrual induction agent in women. PMID- 717490 TI - Clinical significance of fetal heart rate patterns during labor. V. Variable decelerations. AB - Among a large series of high-risk patients who had direct electronic monitoring, 330 fetuses presented "variable" decelerations and 598 had no decelerations. Among those with variable decelerations, there were 18 who presented such associated fetal heart rate (FHR) alterations as tachycardia, fixed baseline, and slow recovery ("hypoxic components"). The fetal outcome, as well as the characteristics of FHR patterns, were compared among the three groups. Baseline changes were significantly higher among pure variable decelerations and still higher among those having variable decelerations with hypoxic components. Likewise, one- and five-minute Apgar scores were significantly lower in that order. Only 4 per cent with no decelerations had clinical fetal distress while 23 per cent with variable decelerations and 78 per cent of those with variable and hypoxic components had distress. Neonatal death was higher among groups with variable decelerations. Premature rupture of membranes seemed to be the only clearly different (and probably influencing) clinical condition, being higher among the group with variable decelerations. Variable decelerations ("cord patterns") are associated with a relatively high rate of depressed infants. This problem is much worse when elements characteristic of hypoxia are identified in FHR tracings. The degree of drop in FHR frequency is not among those elements so identified. It is thus possible to prevent significant fetal deterioration by meticulous analysis of FHR tracings and active management when "late" components are identified on variable decelerations. PMID- 717491 TI - Evolution of thinking in fetal respiratory physiology. AB - An outstanding characteristic of intrauterine life is the low oxygen pressure (Po2) of fetal blood. It seemed at one time that in order to tolerate the Po2 of the uterine environment the fetus must have a relatively slow rate of oxidative metabolism or depend upon anaerobic pathways of substrate utilization. Subsequent studies have shown that the fetus has a high rate of oxygen consumption and that lactic acid is a substrate rather than a net product of normal fetal metabolism. The circulatory response of the fetus to acute hypoxia is centered on the requirement of maintaining the arterial oxygen flow to the heart and central nervous system without increasing cardiac output. The arterial oxygen flow concept helps in understanding the physiologic meaning of the high oxygen affinity of fetal blood and the boundary conditions of the fetal defense against hypoxia. PMID- 717492 TI - The role of cilia in fertility: an evaluation by selective microsurgical modification of the rabbit oviduct. AB - Fertility, ovum transport, and ciliary activity were examined in 35 rabbits after either unilateral microsurgical reversal or double transection (surgical controls) of 1 cm. segments of distal, middle, or proximal ampulla. Fertility was also examined following similar segmental reversal at the level of the distal and proximal isthmus in eight additional rabbits. Reversal of 1 cm. segments of distal, middle, or proximal ampulla effectively prevented pregnancy. In contrast, control animals that underwent double transection without reversal experienced unaltered fertility. Reversal of 1 cm. segments of distal or proximal isthmus was also consistent with normal fertility. Ova placed on the fimbrial surface of oviducts that had undergone ampullary segmental reversal were arrested at the distal anastomosis of the reversed segment. When mechanically displaced into the reversed segment, such ova were transported toward the ovary and were again arrested at the distal anastomosis. Transampullary transport of ova was normal in doubly transected controls. Ova were transported across both anastomosis sites to the ampullary isthmic junction. Studies of ciliary activity confirmed that cilia within reversed segments of ampulla beat in the ovarian direction, counter to that in the rest of the oviduct. Direction of ciliary beat remained unaltered in surgical controls. These experiments demonstrate a critical role of tubal cilia in ovum transport through the rabbit ampulla. In contrast, other mechanisms control ovum transport into and through the tubal isthmus. PMID- 717493 TI - Evolution of graphic analysis of labor. PMID- 717494 TI - The corneal endothelium and the spectrum of essential iris atrophy. AB - We found that the spectrum of essential iris atrophy (progressive essential iris atrophy, Chandler's syndrome, and the Cogan-Reese syndrome) began as a corneal endothelial degeneration, which, with ectopic endothelial membrane overgrowth over an open angle, followed by contraction of this membrane and further growth onto the iris, accounted for all aspects of the syndrome. The contractile membrane caused the synechiae, the glaucoma, the corectopia, the ectropion uveae, the occasional iris nodules, and the iris atrophy. Thus we found this disease to be primarily of the cornea, and only secondarily of the iris. The results of this study led us to propose a new designation for this spectrum: primary proliferative endothelial degeneration. PMID- 717495 TI - The prevalence of HLA-B7 in presumed ocular histoplasmosis in patients with peripheral atrophic scars. AB - Patients identified in the Walkersville, Maryland, epidemiologic study of presumed ocular histoplasmosis as having only peripheral atrophic scars showed no increase in frequency of HLA-B7 over a control population. Because this antigen is increased in patients with a history of active macular or peripapillary lesions, these findings indicate an inherent predisposition in some patients to develop posterior pole lesions after an ocular infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. The precise mechanisms by which the histocompatibility complex participates in the pathogenesis of these lesions is unknown, but our data are compatible with previous suggestions that alterations in the immune response of these individuals are in some way important in the development of disciform scarring in the posterior pole. PMID- 717496 TI - Effects of panretinal photocoagulation on rubeosis iridis, angle neovascularization, and neovascular glaucoma. AB - Ninety-three patients received ruby laser panretinal photocoagulation in one eye for diabetic retinopathy and we examined them at an average time of 7.1 years later. In 14 patients, the untreated eye developed rubeosis iridis and the contralateral treated eye did not. In seven patients, the untreated eye developed angle neovascularization and the contralateral eye did not. The untreated eye developed neovascular glaucoma and the contralateral treated eye did not in four patients. Our findings suggest that eyes with proliferative retinopathy that received panretinal photocoagulation are less likely to develop rubeosis iridis, angle neovascularization, and probably neovascular glaucoma, than those eyes not receiving panretinal photocoagulation. PMID- 717497 TI - Long-term treatment of glaucoma with systemic propranolol. AB - In 17 patients with glaucoma and in two with ocular hypertension, all of whom had not responded satisfactorily to any conventional therapy, treatment was extended to include propranolol systemically. In periods up to 3.5 years, this therapy has kept the intraocular pressure at levels below 23 mm Hg in seven patients. Propranolol was withdrawn in five patients whose visual field continually deteriorated. No correlation between worsening of visual field defects and decrease in systemic blood pressure was noted. In the other patients propranolol was withdrawn because of increasing intraocular pressure or side effects. PMID- 717499 TI - Vitreous findings in fellow eyes of aphakic retinal detachment. AB - One hundred patients had bilateral aphakia, primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and adequate visualization of the retinal and vitreous in the fellow eye. Of 43 patients with posterior vitreous separation and no retinal tear in the fellow eye, only one (2%) subsequently developed retinal detachment. Of 40 patients without posterior vitreous separation in the fellow eye, eight (20%) later developed retinal detachment following posterior vitreous separation. The remaining 17 patients had posterior vitreous separation and retinal tear or detachment at the time of initial examination. Thus, if posterior vitreous separation occurs without forming retinal tear, the risk of developing retinal detachment is significantly lowered. PMID- 717498 TI - Leaking filtering blebs. AB - Histologic examination of ten leaking filtering blebs revealed an epithelial tract running from the surface of the bleb down to the episclera in eight cases. These epithelial tracts were considered the real cause of the persistent leakage. PMID- 717500 TI - Retinal holes. AB - Holes of the peripheral retina, defined as full-thickness breaks of trophic origin with no associated flap or free operculum, were found in 136 (2.4%) eyes from 2,800 autopsied subjects. Primary retinal holes (those with no indication of a proximal causative lesion and with no lattice degeneration in either eye) occurred in only eight of the 5,600 eyes studied; all were unilateral, single, less than 0.25 disk diameter in size, within the basal zone, and in eyes from elderly subjects. Secondary holes were found in 128 (2.3%) of eyes and of these, lattice degeneration was the most common cause (103). Other lesions complicated by hole formation included zonular traction tufts (10), chorioretinitis (9), meridional folds (3), and pavingstone degeneration (2). Retinal holes in surgically aphakic eyes did not differ qualitatively or quantitatively from those in age-matched phakic eyes. PMID- 717501 TI - Choroidal osteoma. AB - A 15-year-old white girl had a presumed choroidal hemangioma in the posterior pole of the right eye. The lesion appeared to grow, and we performed a phosphorous uptake test, which was positive. Subsequent studies demonstrated that the tumor was a choroidal osteoma. PMID- 717502 TI - Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following chorioretinal inflammatory disease. AB - Preexisting ocular inflammatory disease was responsible for 44 cases (1.7%) of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a large series of consecutive retinal detachments. Characteristics of retinal detachments following ocular inflammatory disease include a longer duration of the detachment, fewer observable retinal breaks, a higher incidence of visible vitreous membranes and preoperative macular puckers, a younger age distribution, and a higher incidence of phakic patients. In comparing the group of postinflammatory rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with detachments not associated with inflammation, the following characteristics did not show any statistically significant difference: sex, the eye involved, the status of the ciliary epithelium, the presence or types of retinal folds, the rate of operative complications, or the rate of reattachment at six months. PMID- 717503 TI - Choroidal folds. AB - We documented the presence of choroidal folds in a series of 59 eyes. Fifteen separate conditions were established as causes of the choroidal folds. Hyperopia was the most common cuase, although no definite etiology could be established in ten cases. PMID- 717504 TI - Immune complexes in retinoblastoma. AB - Thirteen patients with retinoblastoma were tested for circulating immune complexes using the Raji cell radioimmunoassay. Eight of 13 patients had statistically significantly increased levels of immune complexes. PMID- 717505 TI - An unusual case of metastatic carcinoma to the eyelid. AB - A 46-year-old woman developed a painless nodular lesion of her right lower eyelid four years after having a right radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma. The lesion slowly increased in size over one year to involve full thickness eyelid tissue that included the margin and inferior punctum and was associated with localized loss of cilia. The clinical appearance of the lesion and its course of development suggested a primary eyelid neoplasm. Incisional biopsy revealed metastatic mammary carcinoma. PMID- 717506 TI - Conjunctiva in asymptomatic contact lens wearers. AB - Biopsy specimens of the upper tarsal conjunctiva from 11 asymptomatic, biomicroscopically normal contact lens wearers (five hard and six soft) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The conjunctiva in lens wearers showed areas of normal epithelial cell surfaces interspersed among areas of altered cells. The altered cell surfaces were characterized by centralized clumped microvilli and baring of that portion of plasma membrane around the cell periphery. The degree of centralization of microvilli varied widely, from a mild tendency to centralize accompanied by slight reduction in cell diameter, to an exteme centralization and dramatic diameter reduction. In some cells, the centralized microvillar structure had a unique mucuslike covering. Numerous altered cells were present in all 11 specimens from asymptomatic contact lens wearers. The number of these cells found by conjunctival biopsy of the hard contact lens wearers and the number in the soft contact lens wearers apparently did not differ. The upper tarsal conjunctiva in these asymptomatic contact lens wearers has an altered epithelial surface, different from that observed in normal subjects without contact lens-wearing experience and from subjects with contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. PMID- 717507 TI - An unusual case of ophthalmoplegic migraine. AB - A 33-year-old man complaining of headache and diplopia lasting one hour or less and occurring weekly was found to have ophthalmoplegic migraine. He was treated unsuccessfully with propranolol HCl, ergotamine tartrate, and methysergide maleate. PMID- 717508 TI - Evaluation of dexamethasone acetate as a topical ophthalmic formulation. AB - Penetration of an ophthalmic suspension of 0.1% dexamethasone acetate into the rabbit cornea and aqueous humor was unaffected by the status of the corneal epithelium or by the presence or absence of intraocular inflammation. However, the total quantity of this corticosteroid that could be measured in the cornea or aqueous humor was significantly less than that produced by either dexamethason alcohol or dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Despite this, dexamethasone acetate was the most effective of the three dexamethasone derivatives in suppressing inflammation in the cornea, which indicates that following topical administration to the eye it is the most potent of the dexamethasone derivatives studied. This greater therapeutic effect does not seem to be accompanied by a greater propensity to increase intraocular pressure. Comparison of the intraocular pressureincreasing effect in known corticosteroid responders of dexamethasone acetate with that of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, the least effective of the dexamethasone products studied, demonstrated no difference between the two drugs. These data support the conclusion that dexamethasone acetate is superior to the commercially available dexamethasone derivatives for use as a topical ocular anti inflammatory agent. PMID- 717509 TI - Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. AB - A 21-year-old man developed blurred vision and retinal pigment epithelium changes similar to those in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following vaccination for swine flu. The patient's medical examination revealed no infectious agents. A hypersensitivity to the attenuated virus of the swine flu vaccine appears to have produced his initial flu-like symptoms and retinal pigment epithelium changes. PMID- 717510 TI - An insertion sleeve for pars plana infusion ports. AB - To facilitate placing pars plana infusion ports, we modified the shaft of a piece of 10-gauge tubing or of a hypodermic needle by removing the beveled tip and Luer hub, passing the tubing through the inserter sleeve, and then reattaching the tubing to the Luer hub. PMID- 717511 TI - Removal of blood from the retinal surface in pars plana vitrectomy. AB - The technique of removal of blood from the retinal surface in pars plana vitrectomy using a blunt-tipped needle open to the atmosphere has two disadvantages: uncontrolled suction force at the tip of the needle, and a drop in intraocular pressure to zero when the needle is vented to the atmosphere. Modification of the procedure can eliminate these problems. By connecting the blunt-tipped needle to a bag of intravenous fluid, the suction force of the needle can be controlled; and by elevating both the bag connected to the infusion line and that connected to the suction needle, the intraocular pressure can be increased and the problem of intraocular bleeding minimized or eliminated. PMID- 717512 TI - Localizer for retinal detachment surgery. AB - A new mechanical localizer for retinal detachment surgery has two modes of action. The localizer is positioned under visualization in the undepressed state to avoid engaging or marking sclera until the surgeon elects to depress the marking pick after optimum localization. PMID- 717513 TI - A visit to the People's Republic of China. PMID- 717514 TI - Effect of corneal section on early increased intraocular pressure after cataract extraction. PMID- 717515 TI - Genetic etiology of retinoblastoma. PMID- 717516 TI - Keratoconus in contact lens wear. PMID- 717517 TI - Topical retinoic acid in the treatment of corneal xerophthalmia. AB - Eight children with corneal xerophthalmia (x2 or x3A) received standard high protein diets and massive systemic vitamin A therapy. Retinoic acid, 0.1% in oil, was applied daily to one eye, and oil alone to the other. Topical retinoic acid proved safe and effective in speeding corneal healing, especially during the first critical days. PMID- 717518 TI - Congenital varicella cataract. AB - A 16-month-old boy with 1:16 and 1:8 serum titers to varicella zoster fluorescent membrane antigen had had unilateral cataract and microphthalmos since birth. The mother had suffered varicella during the fourth month of pregnancy. Cataract aspiration in the child was uncomplicated. PMID- 717519 TI - Massive spontaneous subretinal hemorrhage. AB - We studied eight cases of massive, spontaneous subretinal hemorrhage which was characterized by the sudden appearance of one or more large, dark, elevated hematomas under the retina. The initial location of the hemorrhage may have been in the choroid or under the pigment epithelium, or both, but further extravasation of the blood anteriorly frequently resulted in hemorrhage under the neurosensory retina and in the vitreous. Although the lesion can initially be mistaken for a melanoma, the diagnosis is confirmed by the formation of a typical, elevated scar in the involved area. Frequent fundus examinations are essential, and ultrasound, radioactive phosphorus uptake testing, and bilateral patching are helpful in establishing the diagnosis. The hemorrhage is usually the result of a ruptured vessel from a subretinal neovascular network or arterioclerotic degeneration and may be precipitated by the use of anticoagulants. PMID- 717520 TI - A variable focus telescopic instrument for indirect ophthalmoscopy with increased magnification and stereopsis. AB - We devised a new binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and a complimentary examination technique that provide enhanced fundus magnification and optimum stereopsis through a wide range of patient pupillary apertures. The lightweight, mechanically simple instrument uses a variable focus Galilean telescopic observation system to enlarge the condensing lens image of the fundus seen by the examiner. The present device is capable of about X 1.5 fundus magnification with negligible stereopsis through a 20-mm patient pupil, continuously increasing to X 8.5 with greatly enhanced stereopsis through an 8-mm pupil. A zoom focusing capability considerably extends the magnification, stereopsis, and small pupip penetrating characteristics of a given condensing lens by allowing the examiner to binocularly observe the telescopically magnified fundus image throughout the 30-cm to 60-cm focusing range of the ophthalmoscope. PMID- 717521 TI - A new fundus lens ophthalmodynamometer. AB - I devised a new ophthalmodynamometer by means of which a measured force is applied to a fundus lens, while the disk vessels are viewed at the slit-lamp microscope. In my hands, the new device was superior to the Bailliart ophthalmodynamometer when tested in normal volunteers. With the fundus lens ophthalmodynamometer, the diastolic end point differed between the two eyes by a mean of 2.3%, compared to 6.4% with the Bailliart. The new device showed a better correlation with systemic diastolic blood pressure than did the Bailliart instrument. The effect of intraocular pressure on the reading with the fundus lens device was significant, although variable. PMID- 717522 TI - Intracranial sarcoidosis with optic tract and temporal lobe involvement. AB - Intracranial sarcoidosis was diagnosed in a 23-year-old man when he developed a markedly incongruous right homonymous hemianopic visual field defect. The diagnosis was substantiated by radiologic evidence of bilateral hilar and paratracheal adenopathy, typical of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Subsequently, computed axial tomography indicated a large intracranial lesion in the suprasellar cistern with extension into the left temporal lobe along the optic tract. A mediastinal biopsy of the lymph nodes was positive for sarcoid. Intensive corticosteroid therapy resulted in restoration of vision, marked improvement of the visual field defect, decrease in the pulmonary hilar adenopathy, and almost complete resolution of the left temporal lobe lesion. PMID- 717523 TI - Meningeal carcinomatosis with blindness. AB - A 53-year-old man had bilateral blindness secondary to meningeal carcinomatosis from pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Histopathologic examination of the visual system showed extensive infiltration of the arachnoid of the proximal optic nerves and chiasm, with minimal invasion of the optic nerves themselves. The visual pathways within the cerebral cortex were not affected. PMID- 717524 TI - Supranuclear oculomotor palsy and exotropia after tetanus. AB - An 11-year-old boy developed generalized tetanus complicated by a supranuclear gaze palsy and exotropia. This case led us to include supranuclear palsy in an expanded definition of cephalic-tetanus. PMID- 717526 TI - Melanocytic tumor of the anterior uvea. AB - A patient with spindle melanoma involving the iris and ciliary body refused enucleation at the time of diagnosis in 1933. The eye developed painful glaucoma 13 years later and was enucleated. Histopathologic examination indicated spread of the tumor intrasclerally and subconjunctivally. The patient is still alive without evidence of metastases, 32 years after enucleation and 45 years after initial diagnosis. PMID- 717525 TI - Amaurosis and blood loss. AB - A 57-year-old alcoholic man sustained permanent bilateral blindness and optic atrophy as a complication of hemorrhage from peptic ulcer disease. Post hemorrhagic visual loss occurs in middle-aged, debilitated persons a short time after repeated episodes of hemorrhage from any site. PMID- 717527 TI - Astrocytic hamartoma of the retina not associated with tuberous sclerosis. AB - A 6-year-old boy had a peripapillary lesion diagnosed as retinal astrocytic hamartoma, which was not associated with tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, or intraocular extension of a glioma. The patient was observed for nine years, during which time the lesion grew significantly. Because of this growth and the evidence of proximal optic nerve involvement on computed tomography, radiation therapy was administered with a resultant marked reduction in visual acuity. The eye was subsequently enucleated. The enucleated eye was studied by both light and transmission electron microscopy. The specimen had a retinal astrocytic hamartoma with sparse vascularization and only superficial optic nerve involvement. Additionally, it revealed optic nerve drusen in varying stages of development, significant accumulations of subretinal macrophages, and an almost total loss of retinal outer segments with the preservation of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 717528 TI - Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid. AB - We diagnosed sebaceous gland carcinoma of the right lower eyelid in an 82-year old man. Computed tomography showed the lesion extending from the eyelids anteriorly to the optic foramen posteriorly. With this orbital neoplasm, was an occlusion of the central retinal artery in his right eye. The right orbit was removed surgically and biopsy of the optic foramen region indicated malignant cells. Localized radiation to the right orbit was then initiated postoperatively. PMID- 717529 TI - Microsurgical removal of a primary intraorbital meningioma. AB - A 48-year-old woman with a primary intraorbital meningioma associated with the optic nerve sheath underwent a microsurgical removal of the tumor through a lateral orbitotomy. Visual recovery was essentially complete. PMID- 717530 TI - Nonvascular proliferative extraretinal retinopathies. PMID- 717531 TI - Macular lesions in Alport's disease. PMID- 717532 TI - Optic nerve infarction. PMID- 717533 TI - Development of the granulomatous response in murine toxocariasis. Initial events. AB - The cellular evolution of the persisting, muscle-associated granuloma in murine toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) was chronicled for 11 weeks by light and electron microscopy. The initial granuloma consisted primarily of eosinophils and appeared to develop from the acute inflammatory infiltrate. During the ensuing 48 hours, most of the eosinophils appeared to loose their granules and disintegrate. The resulting cellular debris was then taken up by newly arrived macrophages which become the predominant mononuclear cell in the lesion by 28 days of infection. By 11 weeks, the granuloma had become a fibrotically encapsulated epithelioid granuloma surrounding the inciting larva. This histologic reaction is compared with the liver granulomatous response to Toxocara and to the well characterized schistosome egg granuloma. A possible delayed hypersensitive etiology for the Toxocara granuloma is suggested. PMID- 717534 TI - Effects of insulin on experimental catecholamine cardiomyopathy. AB - We have recently shown that insulin attenuates norepinephrine (NE) dose-response curves in both isolated cardiac muscle and intact heart preparations. Accordingly, an intact rabbit model was used to determine if insulin would reduce the extent of myocardial damage following a standard NE infusion. Each animal was given pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg, and heart rate, arterial pressure, glucose, blood gases, and pH were measured. NE (2 microgram/min/kg) was given intravenously for 90 minutes. After 48 hours the rabbits were killed and the hearts were examined microscopically and assigned a histologic score. Florid lesions were present in 17 of 24 sections (71%) from 12 animals. They were characterized by myofiber necrosis and an intense cellular reaction. However, only 5 of 40 sections (12.5%) from 20 rabbits given insulin (10 units/kg) 30 minutes before the NE infusion showed advanced lesions (P less than 0.001). The mean histologic score was reduced from 1.7 to 1.0 (P less than 0.001). The frequency of advanced lesions increased to 86% in animals given a higher dose of NE (3 microgram/kg/min) and was reduced to 53% by pretreatment with insulin. A dosage of 5 units/kg was as effective as 10 units/kg, but rabbits given 1 unit/kg manifested cardiomyopathic changes identical to those in rabbits not pretreated with insulin. No differences in heart rate, arterial pressure, PO2, or pH were evident between the groups. It is concluded that large doses of insulin reduce myocardial damage produced by NE in this model. This may be linked with the phenomenon of insulin inhibition of the inotropic action of NE. PMID- 717535 TI - Pulmonary arteries and veins in experimental hypoxia. An ultrastructural study. AB - Pulmonary vessels of rats were studied electron microscopically after 4 days to 4 weeks of hypoxia and were compared with those of control rats and of "regression" rats that, after a period of hypoxia, were allowed to survive in normal air for up to 4 weeks. Both the hypoxic and the regression rats had medial hypertrophy, not only of arteries and arterioles but also of veins and venules. In contrast to the control and the regression rats, many of the hypertrophic vessels of all types in the hypoxic rats showed signs of constriction, ie, crenation of the wall, indentations of medial smooth muscle cell nuclei, and excrescences of smooth muscle cell cytoplasm, often protruding deeply into the endothelium. These observations permit the following conclusions: a) Vasoconstriction due to hypoxia is not confined to pulmonary arteries and arterioles, as generally assumed, but also occurs in veins and venules. b) Medial hypertrophy may be found in the absence of vasoconstriction; this is especially evident during recovery from hypoxia. PMID- 717536 TI - Role of ions and extracellular protein in leukocyte motility and membrane ruffling. AB - Ruffling and motility, either directed or random, of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were shown to require a monovalent cation (MC). Na+ and Li+ are most effective. These MC-dependent activities are modulated by nonspecific proteins and peptides and are inhibited by cytochalasin B and by alkylating agents such as TPCK (L-[tosylamide-2-phenyl]ethylchloromethyl ketone) but not by ouabain or colchicine. The modulation by protein, but not the inhibition by TPCK or cytochalasin, is competitively inhibited by hydrophobic chemotactic peptides such as f.met-phe and f.phe-met. These hydrophobic peptides, which activate MC influx, promote motility at low concentrations of Na+ (0.1 mM); however, at higher concentrations of Na+ (1.0 mM) the same concentrations of peptides inhibit motility. This inhibition is the result of excessive Na+ and water influx with resultant cellular swelling. The chemotactic peptides, when present as a concentration gradient, function in chemotaxis by competing with the protein at the leading edge of the cell, with resultant local ion influx and swelling. Hydrolysis of the peptide is not required since protease inhibitors have no specific effect on peptide directed migration, although they do inhibit migration. Since local influx of MC and H2O with resultant hydrolysis of ATP is absolutely required for all motility in these cells, it is likely that local swelling and depolymerization of the actin cytoskeletal system are the primary reversible events in PMNL motility. This local swelling or ruffling apparently results in the pushing of cellular contents into the relaxed swollen submembrane areas of the cell by continued contraction of unswollen areas of the cell. PMID- 717537 TI - An actin-binding protein in human platelets. Interactions with alpha-actinin on gelatin of actin and the influence of cytochalasin B. AB - A protein (molecular weight, approximately 250,000) with actin-binding properties has been isolated from human platelets. Addition of the actin-binding protein (ABP) to semiviscous solutions of purified actin containing troponin-tropomyosin (TM-TP) complex resulted in formation of viscous gels consisting of randomly associated actin TM-TP filaments. alpha-Actinin (alphaA), a muscle protein recently detected in platelets, also induced random cross-linking of dissociated actin into gels. Sequential addition of ABP and alphaA resulted in gels consisting of parallel associated actin TM-TP filaments in bundles, suggesting a cooperative interaction. Cytochalasin B (CB) had no apparent effect on the cross linking of randomly associated actin TM-TP filaments induced by either protein alone but prevented development of bundles of parallel filaments when ABP and alphaA were added sequentially. In addition, CB disrupted the bundles of parallel associated actin TM-TP filaments when added to gels already formed by the dual action of ABP and alphaA and caused simultaneous release of alphaA from the complexes to the supernatant. The findings suggest that platelet ABP and alphaA may induce actin filaments to form the parallel associations observed in platelet pseudopods. PMID- 717539 TI - Hypercalcemia of malignancy. Animal model: VX-2 carcinoma of rabbits. PMID- 717538 TI - Tumor immunity. An overview. AB - The frequent failure of the host's immunologic responses to impose restraints on tumor growth and dissemination has led to the realization that a number of factors, both immunologic and nonimmunologic, may act in concert to affect tumorigenesis. Immunologic mechanisms involved in tumor cell destruction are predicated principally on in vitro procedures, but the relevancy of these experimental observations to the actual events in vivo remains unclear and unresolved. The macrophage has been shown to be an integral segment of the immune response and to constitute an important element of the host defense against tumors. In this connection, interferon may be implicated in tumor cell destruction through macrophage activation to cytotoxicity. Studies of age-related susceptibility of New Zealand Black mice to three different carcinogens, ie, 3 methylcholanthrene, x-irradiation, and murine leukemia virus, have further emphasized the multifactorial determinants which may be operational in oncogenesis. Advances in our knowledge of tumor immunology have suggested a number of possible modalities for preventing tumors from escaping immunologic destruction and should continue to contribute to further elucidation of neoplastic mechanisms. PMID- 717540 TI - Circulation and migration of small blood lymphocytes in the rat. I. Kinetics of lymphocyte circulation in the lymphoid organs. AB - Seventy male Wistar rats were the recipients of labeled small lymphocytes (1.5 X 10(7) each) collected from the peripheral blood of syngeneic donors. The migrating labeled lymphocytes were traced in the various organs 1 to 60 minutes following their transfusion. Lymphoid organs and liver were processed for extraction of labeled nucleotides and for radioactivity assay. The purpose of this work was to study the dynamics of the circulation of the small lymphocytes between blood and lymphoid system. This study was done before equilibrium between these two compartments was reached. The result of this work showed that the small blood lymphocytes recirculate continuously between peripheral blood and the lymph node with duration less than 3 minutes per cycle. In a lymph node, this circulation is 80 times more efficient than the circulation via the thoracic duct lymph. PMID- 717541 TI - Thyroid capsule changes during the development of thyroid hyperplasia in the rat. AB - Young adult male Fischer rats were fed 0.25% thouracil in a low-iodine diet to produce hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. The capsule of the thyroid gland increased in thickness from approximately one cell in controls to a substantial multilayered structure. Increase in capsule thickness was noted by 3 days. The cell population of the capsule was largely fibroblasts, but during a period within the interval from 14 to 28 days, the capsule tended to be exceptionally thick and contained many mononuclear leukocytes. At later times the capsule was not quite as thick and the leukocytes largely disapproved. Capillaries developed in the capsule probably by sprouting. The capsule growth was so extensive that certain neighboring tissues were often incorporated into the capsule, including arteries, veins, nerves, striated muscle, and lymph nodes. There was some regional specificity in the development of capsular hyperplasia. Connective tissue increased around the thyroid and parathyroid glands but not between them. Connective tissue in partitions with the thyroid gland also increased in thickness, although the extent of accumulation of cells and intercellular matrix was much less than in the capsule. PMID- 717542 TI - The thymus in hemochromatosis. AB - Although iron in cases of hemochromatosis has been described in virtually every organ, its presence in the thymus has only been rarely observed. While investigating all cases of hemochromatosis autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital over the past decade, 4 adult cases in which the thymus was available for histologic study were examined in light of recent documentation of this organ's role in lymphopoiesis and secretory activity. Iron-containing moieties were found within both lymphocytes and epithelial cells of these involuted thymic glands. The thymic iron suggests either an uptake of iron moieties from the vascular pool or their synthesis within the cell itself. While the former mechanism provides evidence against the existence of an impermeable blood-thymus barrier, the latter supports the existence of a metabolically active gland with complex function. PMID- 717543 TI - Desensitization of the neutrophil aggregation response to chemotactic factors. AB - In the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, the chemotactic fragment of C5, the synthetic chemotactic oligopeptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine, and the ionophore A23187 aggregated human neutrophils. Aggregation induced by the two chemotactic factors was transient and reversed within 2 to 4 minutes after exposure; aggregation induced by A23187 was sustained and continued to increase over 15 minutes. In the absence of the bivalent cations, none of these three agents aggregated the cells. If bivalent cations were added after cell contact with a chemotactic factor, aggregation was detected after, but not before, addition of the cations. Under these conditions, the magnitude of the aggregation response was sharply reduced: cells preincubated with a chemotactic factor for longer than 2 to 4 minutes aggregated minimally after addition of bivalent cations. Moreover, cells preincubated with a chemotactic factor for 4 minutes, exposed to bivalent cations, and then rechallenged with the same chemotactic factor also showed a minimal aggregation response, ie, the cells were "desensitized" to the original stimulus. However, cells desensitized to one of the chemotactic factors still aggregated prominently when exposed to the other chemotactic factor or to A23187. Cells could not be desensitized to the ionophore A23187. Desensitization of the neutrophil aggregation response closely resembles desensitization of mast cell and leukocyte degranulation. Degranulation and aggregation appear to be closely related cellular responses to immunologic stimuli. Both responses may reflect alterations in surface membrane permeability to bivalent cations and/or changes in surface membrane adhesiveness to other biologic membranes. PMID- 717544 TI - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of iron absorption. AB - Conventional ultrastructural autoradiographic and morphologic studies of the duodenal mucosal cell have generally corroborated physiologic observations of iron absorption, but such methods have limited resolution and fail to distinguish ferric and ferrous iron. This study describes the application of the Prussian blue reaction as an electron microscopic cytochemical stain to the investigation of inorganic iron absorption in iron-deficient, normal, and iron-loaded rats. Ferrous iron is converted to ferric iron at the microvillus membrane. Subsequently intraepithelial ferric iron appears bound to a non-heme acceptor substance in microvilli and later appears as small non-membrane-bound stain deposits which are concentrated in the apical cytoplasm. The appearance of larger stain deposits in the lateral intercellular spaces, in the basal extracellular spaces, and along the intraluminal and extraluminal outer plasmalemma of adjacent endothelial cells of the lamina propria suggests passage of iron from epithelial cells through the lamina propria to blood vessels. The extreme sensitivity of the method compared with simultaneous ultrastructural autoradiographic techniques is demonstrated and suggests usefulness of the method in further studies of iron metabolism. PMID- 717545 TI - Estimation of parenchymal cell content of human parathyroid glands using the image analyzing computer technique. AB - By means of the image analyzing computer technique, a complete determination of the parenchymal tissue distribution in serially sectioned parathyroid glands were accomplished. The technique had good reproducibility. Taking into account the shrinkage of the different tissue components during histotechnical procedures and the tissue densities, it was possible to calculate the parenchymal cell mass of unfixed glands. The cell distribution varied considerably, and in most glands as many as 10 sections at different levels had to be examined to get a reliable ratio between the parenchymal and fat cell tissue. The results seriously question the validity of histopathologic examination of one or a few sections of parathyroid glands in evaluation of the parenchymal cell mass, as well as diagnoses based on examination of partial glandular biopsy specimens. PMID- 717547 TI - Reimbursement policy under drug insurance: administrative expediency or economic validity? PMID- 717546 TI - Animal model of human disease. Megaloblastic anemia. PMID- 717548 TI - Health education: assumptions for change. PMID- 717549 TI - Mandatory continuing education: beneficial side effects. PMID- 717550 TI - The Aymara of Western Bolivia. II. Maxillofacial and dental arch variation. AB - Maxillofacial and dental arch dimensions of the Bolivian Aymara population are age and sex dependent. Interpopulational comparisons reveal these dimensions to differ from those seen in Aleuts, Australian aborigines, and Swedes, but to be similar to those of the indigenous Taiwanese. Finally, these dimensions are not the same in Aymara of unmixed ancestry, and Mestizos residing in the same villages. PMID- 717551 TI - Digital dermatoglyphic patterns in a sample of the Nigerian population. AB - Eight hundred Nigerians (400 males and 400 females) were screened for the analysis of digital dermatoglyphic patterns. The frequency distribution of the patterns are 52.09%, 27.67%, 19.20% and 1.13% for ulnar loops, whorls, arches and radial loops respectively. Except for arches, the males have more of the patterns than females. The pattern intensity indices for males and females are 11.2 and 9.9 respectively. Bilateral symmetry is similar in both sexes and the percent distribution is as high as 81.5% and 84% on digit V in males and females respectively. PMID- 717552 TI - A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the growth of the postnatal cranial base angle. AB - Radiographs of 32 children, 16 girls and 16 boys, taken at 1 month, 3 months, 9 months, and once a year until 5 years 9 months were selected from the Denver Series. The cranial base deflection was measured by five sets of angles. A cross sectional evaluation revealed a significant decrease in angle size by all methods of measurement by 9 months of age. Little change was noted after 1 year, 9 months, indicating that studies beginning after 2 years would not find this decrease. All individuals followed a pattern of reduction between 1 month and 9 months with variable changes at 3 months. Choice of landmark affected the degree and timing of the observed change but not the overall pattern. Differences in measuring techniques evaluated the mean degree of deflection to range from -6.9 degrees to -13.8 degrees. PMID- 717553 TI - A genetic survey in the Bhil tribe of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. AB - Examination of blood groups, plasma proteins and red cell enzyme types (23 loci), in a sample of 145 Bhils, a tribal group of Madhya Pradesh, Central India, demonstrates their genetic uniqueness. They differ in a number of systems from the nearby nontribal groups both of Hindus and Muslims. The results suggest that the Bhil frequencies include vestiges of the ancestral genepool of a more widespread aboriginal population whose influence is detectable in the gene frequencies of some other populations in India. PMID- 717554 TI - A family study of two skeletal variants: atlas bridging and clinoid bridging. AB - The frequency of two non-metric skeletal traits, atlas bridging and clinoid bridging, were examined serially in a randomly chosen sample of 147 families who participated in the Burlington Growth Study. The sample is representative of an Ontario white Anglo-Saxon population. Partial and complete atlas briging occurred in 29.2% of the sample, partial and complete clinoid bridging in 15.2%. Atlas bridging appears at an average age of 10.7 years, clinoid bridging at seven years, demonstrating that these characters are not simply expressions of soft tissue sclerosis in old age. Both traits show no strong associations with bone robusticity although atlas bridging is slightly more frequent in males. Both traits are more frequent in relatives of affected individuals than in the sample as a whole. Correlations between parents and offspring and between sibs are highly significant for atlas bridging, less so far clinoid bridging. These traits should fit either a single gene or quasi-continuous, polygenic model of inheritance. Several tests for polygenic inheritance such as the correlation between first and second born sibs' trait condition, the relationship between trait expression in offspring and total trait incidence in affected parents, and the correlation between trait frequency and expressivity on an intergroup basis were all positive for atlas bridging. The evidence for polygenic inheritance of clinoid bridging is weaker but suggestive. The results obtained in this study for atlas bridging are comparable to data from one earlier family study. The evidence suggests that these two traits should prove useful as genetic markers in skeletal population studies although there is still need for careful control over trait observation and description. Future research should attempt to measure non-metric traits continuously when their underlying distributions are known to be graded. PMID- 717555 TI - Canadian Eskimo permanent tooth emergence timing. AB - To identify the times of emergence of the permanent teeth of Canadian Eskimos (Inuit), 368 children and adolescents were examined. The presence or absence of all permanent teeth except the third molars was recorded and these data subjected to probit analysis. Female emergence times were advanced over males. Generally, the Inuit of both sexes showed statistically significant earlier emergence times than Montreal children, except for the incisors. The present results do not support hypotheses indicating that premature extraction of the deciduous teeth advances the emergence of their succedaneous counterparts. There is some indication the controls of deciduous tooth emergence continue to play some part in emergence of the permanent dentition, especially the first permanent teeth that emerge. PMID- 717556 TI - Communality of surnames: a measures of biological interrelationships among thirty one settlements in upper Val Varaita in the Italian alps. AB - The upper part of the Alpine valley of the Varaita (population about 1,596) has three communities situated in a triangle about 6 km on a side but divided into frazioni (clusters of houses) that form a "Y" along the road and river in the valley floor. The coefficient of relationship (Ri) based on the communality of surnames between pairs of frazioni and between pairs of the communities shows very high levels of interrelationship (up to 0.26 compared with 0.5 for brothers). It tends to be higher between frazioni of the same community than between communities. It is highest among five pairs of contiguous frazioni within 1 km of each other. It tends to be highest between frazioni of the community least influenced by tourism and migration. It is not dmonstrably affected by the division of one community into two parishes. It is about twice as high between contiguous communities as between the two communities with an intervening one. The high values represent the long history of the same surnames in the valley and the accumulation of relationship through high levels of valley endogamy. PMID- 717557 TI - The genetic hypothesis for the transmission of Australia antigen (HBsAg). AB - Exceptions have been cited which rule against the simple autosomal recessive hypothesis for the transmission of susceptibility to infection with Australia antigen (HBsAg). An attempt is made here to present a genetic model for a complex segregation analysis of a new and unique set of data to test this hypothesis. Regression techniques were used to estimate in four populations, age and sex specific penetrance levels and the frequency of the gene whose product is hypothesized to be HBsAg. While the genetic hypothesis was not in general supported, observed deviations and their possible causes are discussed. PMID- 717558 TI - Analysis of hair samples of mummies from Semma South (Sudanese Nubia). AB - Hair samples from 76 burials at Semna South (Sudanese Nubia) were examined using a variety of techniques. Electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy indicated some oxidation of the cuticule and keratin protein had taken place. However, the cuticular structure and the lack of fluorescence of the cortex indicate that the low humidity and non-alkaline conditions preserved the physical and chemical properties of the hair well. Pigmentation, even allowing for oxidation of melanin, showed a higher proportion of lighter samples than is currently associated with the Nubian area. Hair form analysis showed medium diameter and scale count; the curling variables were intermediate between European and African samples. There was a high ratio of maximum to minimum curvature (a measure of irregularity), approached only by Melanesian samples. Meroitic and X-group burial types were not statistically significantly different (largely due to sample sizes), but the X-group, especially males, showed more African elements than the Meroitic in the curling variables. Principal components analysis showed the Semna sample to be significantly different from seven populations examined earlier. PMID- 717560 TI - The incidence of psychosurgery in the United States, 1971--1973. AB - As part of the work of the APA Task Force on Psychosurgery, the author surveyed 1,901 neurosurgeons on how many psychosurgical procedures they performed in 1971, 1972 and 1973. A total of 1.481 questionnaires were returned: 195 neurosurgeons indicated they had performed a total of 476 procedures for intractable pain and 1.039 procedures for psychiatric conditions. Excluding the procedures reported by 4 neurosurgeons who performed more than 20 psychosurgical operations in any one of the three years, the number of psychosurgical operations in 575 for the three years, which the author suggests should allay fears about the abuse of psychosurgery. PMID- 717559 TI - Genetic counseling for psychiatric patients and their families. AB - The author presents an overview of genetic counseling for psychiatric patients and their families, including a brief summary of contemporary research into the evidence of genetic factors, the familial risks, and the possible modes of inheritance for major psychiatric disorders. The purpose is to review and condense the available literature pertaining to psychiatric genetic counseling for the benefit or psychiatrists and counselors in their day-to-day practice and for the general "consumer." It is hoped that giving the general public access to such information will help to reduce the suffering commonly brought about by the stigmatization of mental disorders. PMID- 717561 TI - First-rank symptoms in the postacute schizophrenic: a follow-up study. AB - Schneider's diagnostic system of first-rank symptoms (FRS) is acknowledged by psychiatrists throughout the world as a decisive basis for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Recently, the author's and others' works have challenged this view. This report examines the relationship between FRS, psychotic symptoms, prognosis, and outcome at the postacute stage. The assessment of FRS was made from an interview schedule (a modification of the Wing Present State Examination) developed for the systematic assessment of psychotic symptoms. The results question the utility of FRS as a primary diagnostic approach to schizophrenia, suggesting that Schneider's system may not be superior to other diagnostic approaches. PMID- 717563 TI - The group psychotherapy dropout phenomenon revisited. AB - In this two-year study, patients referred for group therapy were extensively screened and carefully prepared for the therapy. In spite of this effort there was a 29% dorpout rate after group therapy began. All of the therapists reported that they disliked the patients who dropped out, and many of these patients were seen as hostile toward the therapists. The author suggests that for many groups the dropout phenomenom may be basic to the establishment of group cohesiveness and that instead of trying to prevent or reduce the dropout phenomenon, efforts should be directed toward reconceptualizing the more positive aspects of it. PMID- 717562 TI - Hyperkinetic/aggressive boys in treatment: predictors of clinical response to methylphenidate. AB - Data on 84 nonretarded boys aged 6--12 with the hyperkinetic/MBD syndrome were drawn from a comprehensive, longitudinal investigation in the interest of identifying factors that contribute significantly to variation in clinically rated improvement during treatment with methylphenidate. The size of the multiple correlation (R = .50) indicates that 25% of the variation in the children's response to methylphenidate is jointly predictable from age at referral, degree of perinatal complications, and score on the hyperactivity factor. The authors discuss stepwise multiple regression analysis as the method of choice in drug response prediction studies and the possible effects on the results of such studies of differing definitions of improvements. PMID- 717564 TI - Families and hospitals: collusion or cooperation? AB - The author describes the therapeutic problems that can arise on a family-oriented psychiatric inpatient service. The stress emerging from the therapeutic demands on and changes in the internal structure of the family may cause the family to seek to reestablish its internal equilibrium by changing the hospital staff and structure at the ward level, department level, and the hospital administration level. These transactions between the hospital and families, which are complex, are extremely important to recognize because they can undermine the therapeutic process. PMID- 717565 TI - Hysteria split asunder. AB - The authors present the proposed DSM-III classification of the traditional hysterical disorders, i.e., disorders that suggest physical illness but in which psychological factors are judged to be of importance. The use of the DSM-III inclusion and exclusion criteria--physical mechanism explains the symptoms, symptoms are linked to psychological factors, symptom initiation is under voluntary control, and there is an obvious recognizable environmental goal--are discussed in the differential diagnosis of somatoform disorder, factitious disorder, malingering, psychological factors affecting physical condition, and undiagnosed physical illness. PMID- 717566 TI - Group therapy training in psychiatric residency programs: a national survey. AB - The authors used a questionnaire sent to the directors of the 256 approved American psychiatric residency programs to examine the availability, content, and orientations of group therapy training. They found that 78% of the responding programs offered group therapy training, a substantial increase from earlier estimates; that an approach incorporating didactic courses, observation and leadership of groups, supervision, and participation in an experiential group was gaining increased acceptance; that most of the programs provided a variety of arrangements for supervision of group training; that the theoretical orientations mirrored the field of group therapy itself; and, finally, that associated disciplines were gaining increasing acceptance. PMID- 717567 TI - Consultation-liaison versus other psychiatry clerkships: a comparison of learning outcomes and student reactions. AB - The authors present the results of a one-year study showing equivalent mastery of basic psychiatric knowledge and skills and equally favorable student reactions after psychiatry clerkships on a consultation-liaison service and on other more traditional psychiatry services. They recommend further research highlighting the unique contributions of consultation-liaison clerkship training to knowledge, skills, and attitudes for holistic primary care. PMID- 717568 TI - The transition to practice seminar. AB - The author discusses the lack of organized faculty attempts to facilitate psychiatric residents' transition to professional practice. Interviewed residents suggested that faculty discontinue their "benign neglect" of the transition and provide information and discussion regarding the realities of different types of practice. He describes the six-session seminar he developed at Massachusetts General Hospital, which focuses on the process of transition from residency to practice, emphasizes the role of faculty as decision facilitators, and explores the costs and benefits of different types of psychiatric practice. PMID- 717569 TI - Training psychiatrists of working with blacks in basic residency programs. AB - The author summarizes recommendations on how specific training for working black and other minority patients can be integrated into the existing relatively traditional residency programs. He also discusses psychotherapeutic issues and problems encountered in biracial and/or transcultural therapy that must be resolved if the training is to succeed. PMID- 717570 TI - Psychiatric education and training of Asian and Asian-American psychiatrists. AB - The Asian and Asian-American physician in a standard psychiatric residency is faced with discrimination at several levels, as well as special problems of professional role confusion and personal identity, all of which can create barriers to professional development and productivity. Further, most standard psychiatric residencies do not include teaching or supervision specific to treating Asian patients. The author proposes the establishment of a specialized program, focusing on ethnic minority groups, within a general psychiatric residency; he discusses specific features of such a program. This approach may help to alleviate the problem of inadequate resources for handling the mental health problems of Asian-Americans and underutilization of mental health resources by this group. PMID- 717571 TI - Children of an idle brain? PMID- 717573 TI - The activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreams: a theoretical note. AB - The author examines Hobson and McCarley's activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreams from the point of view of theory construction and the logic of science. After reviewing pertinent literature, he concludes that modern sciences has not yet established a well-defined mind-body isomorphism. Therefore, conclusions about the psychological meaning and motive of dreams cannot validly be drawn from neurobiological data. PMID- 717572 TI - An alternative view of the neurobiology of dreaming. AB - The author critiques the recently proposed activation-synthesis hypothesis about the origin and formation of dreams. Many findings do not support the new hypothesis that specific pontine physiological processes, rather than mental processes, instigate dreams and produce their distortion. First, dreaming often occurs in the absence of the pontine processes. Second, forebrain activity (which can have mental correlates) is crucial to the instigation and maintenance of dreaming sleep. Finally, activity of the proposed pontine dream generator, which is claimed to cause dream distortion, is not reliably accompanied by dream distortion. PMID- 717574 TI - Comparison of the incidence and severity of extrapyramidal side effects with fluphenazine enanthate and fluphenazine decanoate. AB - Forty-nine schizophrenic outpatients stabilized on oral antipsychotic medication and procyclidine received 12.5 mg or 18.75 mg of fluphenazine enanthate or fluphenazine decanoate and were examined for extrapyramidal side effects one and two weeks later. Extrapyramidal side effects were present in 30 patients (61%) but were clinically significant in only 11 (22%). Fluphenazine enanthate produced more clinically significant extrapyramidal symptoms, particularly akathisia, than did fluphenazine decanoate. PMID- 717575 TI - Severe depersonalization treated by behavior therapy. AB - The author reports the use of behavior therapy in the treatment of two cases of severe intractable depersonalization. Outcome criteria included full psychiatric assessment, patients' self-ratings, and psychometric test scores. Treatment by flooding was highly effective in one case, and associated obsessive symptoms and anticipatory anxiety were substantially decreased in the other. Behavioral techniques may prove especially helpful in cases in which anticipatory anxiety, phobic avoidance, and obsessive perseveration are exacerbating features. PMID- 717576 TI - Neurobiological vulnerability to low-dose amphetamine psychosis. AB - The authors present a case to illustrate a model of drug-induced psychosis wherein the drug acts as if it fits with some neurobiological predisposition in the patient. Patients with a good interpersonal developmental history but extreme sensitivity to a psychotomimetic drug may provide a model for neurobiological vulnerability to psychosis. PMID- 717577 TI - Enuresis treatment with imipramine hydrochloride: a 10-year follow-up study. AB - The authors followed 29 young adults who had been treated for enuresis with imipramine hydrochloride 10 years earlier. To test beliefs that enuresis is symptomatic of severe psychopathology or of urological conditions, they studied whether the treatment had been followed by psychological decompensation; an inhibition of learning; a predisposition to drug abuse; negative effects on health, growth, weight, and development; or continued urinary symptoms. None of these negative effects was present; in general the subjects were active, well motivated, and sociable and showed no significant psychiatric symptoms. One patient still wetted but only occasionally. PMID- 717578 TI - Sexual function and affect in parkinsonian men treated with L-dopa. AB - Using psychiatric interviews, sexual and affect rating scales, hormonal studies, and neurologic assessment, the authors assessed the effect of L-dopa treatment on men with Parkinson's disease. Patients demonstrated variable affect changes. Approximately one-half of the patients reported an increased sexual interest that was not related to improvement in locomotor function. Hormonal factors appeared to be involved. The findings suggest that male parkinsonian patients who possess an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis experience increased sexual function related to L-dopa treatment. PMID- 717579 TI - Computerized tomography and skull X rays: relative efficacy in detecting intracranial disease. PMID- 717580 TI - Hyperkinesis and diet: a replication study. PMID- 717581 TI - Tricyclics, bioequivalence, and clinical response. PMID- 717582 TI - Adult minimal brain dysfunction and schizophrenia: a case report. PMID- 717583 TI - Phenelzine and delusions of parasitosis: a case report. PMID- 717584 TI - Policy of the APA ethics committee. PMID- 717585 TI - Ethics in military medicine. PMID- 717586 TI - Dangers of indirect data. PMID- 717587 TI - Depressive cognitions. PMID- 717588 TI - Effects of diagnostic criteria on incidence figures for schizophrenia. PMID- 717589 TI - Cause and effect in "alcoholic tremor". PMID- 717590 TI - Editorial double standards? PMID- 717591 TI - Speech blockage in young patients taking tricyclics. PMID- 717592 TI - Treating the impaired physician. PMID- 717593 TI - Nonconfusional paranoid psychosis secondary to anticholinergics? PMID- 717594 TI - Testosterone levels and women's sexual preference. PMID- 717595 TI - Clinics, private practice, and national health insurance. PMID- 717596 TI - Environmental health and safety concerns and energy conservation practices in academic institutions and hospitals. AB - Although there are many energy conservation practices which are now being applied in hospitals and academic institutions, there well be additional pressures for even further reductions in such energy use in the near future. In many instances, these reductions in energy use can be done within existing standards and do not endanger the health of persons who reside within these institutions. However, this paper highlights the fact that over-eager attempts at energy reduction may result in adverse effects on patients, students, staff, research programs, or the general public. For this reason, it is important for persons making decisions regarding energy conservation practices to be aware of these potential adverse effects and design energy conservation programs accordingly. PMID- 717597 TI - Minority dental school graduates: do they serve minority communities? PMID- 717598 TI - An exploratory study of the effects of monitoring referrals in EPSDT screening. PMID- 717599 TI - On 'genetic counseling and wrongful life'. PMID- 717600 TI - On health services in day care centers. PMID- 717601 TI - Comment on 'health status indices and access to medical care'. PMID- 717603 TI - Improving life expectancy: an uphill road ahead. PMID- 717602 TI - Administrative warrants for health and safety inspections. PMID- 717604 TI - The oversimplification of policy in prevention. PMID- 717605 TI - Driver education and fatal crash involvement of teenaged drivers. AB - Fatal crash involvement of teenagers per licensed driver and per population in 27 states was related to the proportions of teenagers who received high school driver education. Among 16--17 year olds, driver education was associated with a great increase in the number of licensed drivers, without a decrease in the fatal crash involvement per 10,000 licensed drivers- About 80 per cent of the 16--17 year olds who took high school driver education obtained licenses that they would not otherwise have obtained until age 18 or thereafter. The net effect is much higher death involvement rates per 10,000 population, on average, in states with greater proportions of 16-17 year olds receiving high school driver education. The data suggest that most teenagers would obtain licenses when they are 18--19 years old, irrespective of high school driver education, and indicate that differences among the states in fatal crash involvement rates per 10,000 licensed 18--19 year old drivers were not significantly related to either high school driver education or delayed licensure. PMID- 717606 TI - The effect of a reduction in leading causes of death: potential gains in life expectancy. AB - The potential gains in total expectation of life and in the working life ages among the United States population are examined when the three leading causes of death are totally or partially eliminated. The impressive gains theoretically achieved by total elimination do not hold up under the more realistic assumption of partial elimination or reduction. The number of years gained by a new-born child, with a 30 per cent reduction in major cardiovascular diseases would be 1.98 years, for malignant neoplasms 0.71 years, and for motor vehicle accidents 0.21 years. Application of the same reduction to the working ages, 15 to 70 years, results in a gain of 0.43, 0.26, and 0.14 years, respectively for the three leading causes of death. Even with a scientific break-through in combating these causes of death, it appears that future gains in life expectancies for the working ages will not be spectacular. The implication of the results in relation to the current debate on the national health care policy is noted. PMID- 717607 TI - The rural nurse practitioner: a challenge and a response. AB - From a cohort of 525 employed nurse practitioners (NPs) who graduated between May 1975 and June 1976, 85 (16 per cent) reported practicing in rural areas. While 91 per cent of the rural NPs chose the short-term certificate programs rather than the master's degree for their NP preparation, 47 per cent had already earned a baccalaureate or master's degree prior to NP training. Family NPs comprised the most frequent specialty area chosen, followed by pediatric and adult specialties. Of the 85, 99 per cent were actually providing a broad array of primary care services to clients over a wide age range. Physicians were periodically available on site in about 80 per cent of the practices, by telephone in 97 per cent of the practices, and in 60 per cent of the practices provided additional consulation by record review. Major motivations of the NPs for entering rural practice were to participate in a creative approach to health care delivery (50 per cent of the practice setting were less than five years old), and for the opportunity for role autonomy. Over 95 per cent of these NPs and employers were satisfied with the NP role. PMID- 717608 TI - Family nurse practitioners in primary care: a study of practice and patients. AB - In this nationwide study 8,905 patients were seen by 356 family nurse practitioners (FNPs) during February through April 1977. The ratio of white to black and white to "other" patients was six to one. Racial minorities were seen significantly more often than were whites in public clinics supported predominantly by public tax monies. The smallest number of patients seen was in the "elderly" age group, 65 and over. Elderly patients were located to a greater extent in the South and they used both private and public clinics. The number of infants and children seen was greater in the Western region and in semi-urban areas. The predominant patient problems seen by FNPs were Prevention/Health Supervision and Respiratory. Although there were similarities between top ranking primary care problems seen by FNPs in this study compared with primary care physicians in other studies, proportionately more FNP patient contacts were for Prevention/Health Supervision and the patients tended to be in the younger age group. PMID- 717609 TI - The financial viability of rural primary health care centers. AB - Primary health care centers have been proposed to meet the health care needs of rural America. Some centers become financially "self-sufficient", receiving their entire budgets from direct patient or third-party payments; others shut down when external funding is withdrawn. An explanation for this difference is important, because funding agencies may not wish to subsidize centers whose financial futures appear bleak. This study identifies the correlates of financial self sufficiency. A survey conducted in late 1976 or 164 rural clinics provided 101 usable responses. Multiple regression analysis of the data shows that the longer a center has been in operation, the more self-sufficient it will become. Hospital control of the center and provision of laboratory tests increase self sufficiency; outreach services and nonprofit status reduce it. Two variables related to financial self-sufficiency are separately examined. Clinics with a faster growth rate of patient visits are more self-sufficient, and smaller clinics tend to grow faster. More self-sufficient clinics experience less difficulty in keeping professional staff. The presence of a state Area Health Education Center (AHEC) program also eases the problem of staff retention. PMID- 717610 TI - Family allowance and family planning in Chile. AB - Family allowances designed to promote maternal and child health and welfare could be self-defeating if they stimulated otherwise unwanted births, as often assumed. That assumption, with its public health and demographic implications, needs testing. An attempt to test it was made in Chile in 1969--1970 through interviews with 945 wives receiving an allowance and 690 non-recipients. Recipients practiced contraception significantly more than did non-recipients. This was not explained by wives' educational attainment or employment, the couples' earnings, or number of living children, but was associated with a 50 per cent greater utilization of professional prenatal care by recipients during the most recent pregnancy; women with such care (regardless of allowance status) were 75 per cent more likely than others to control their fertility. Prenatal care was probably sought more by recipients in part because an additional stipend was provided as soon as pregnancy was confirmed, usually at clinics with integrated family planning. Greater family income, attributable to the allowance, probably also contributed to the recipients' better prenatal attention and to contraceptive practice. Noteworthy, too, was the finding that with the number of living children controlled, contraceptive practice was significantly greater amoung couples who had never lost a child. PMID- 717612 TI - The age of consent. PMID- 717611 TI - Children's views of health: a developmental study. AB - Two hundred and sixty-four first, fourth, and seventh grade children were asked to define health, state what it felt like to be healthy and not healthy, and to give criteria they would use to judge another person's health status. A chi square analysis was done to compare differences for age, sex, intelligence, and socioeconomic status. Results indicated that children saw health as a positive attribute which enabled them to participate in desired activities, that a person was healthy if he could do what he wanted to do, and that health and illness were two different cncepts rather than on a continuum as is often cited in the literature. Mental health was not considered as part of being healthy except by a few of the oldest children. There were both qualitative and quantitative changes with age which were consistent with theories of concept development. It is recommended that future studies be conducted with both adults and health workers. (There is some evidence that consumers and health professionals do not have the same ideas about health.) PMID- 717613 TI - Sex and mother's knee. PMID- 717614 TI - The nurse practitioner movement--where does it go from here? PMID- 717615 TI - Informed consent by children and participation in an influenza vaccine trial. AB - Two hundred thirteen school children, ages six to nine, were presented the opportunity to participate in an experimental trial of swine influenza vaccine. In non-directive question and answer sessions, all groups of children except one composed only of six year olds elicited all relevant information on the details of the trial and the associated risks and benefits. Forty-six per cent of the subjects declined to participate. Letters requiring informed consent of the parents were sent to the homes of the others. Almost 15 per cent of these parents agreed to their children's participation. In this setting, children initiate their own visits to the school nurse practitioner. A significant association was found between volunteering for the study and higher use of services (but not for medical reasons). Younger children and boys, regardless of their patterns of use, were less inclined to volunteer for the experiment. PMID- 717616 TI - Sexual knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Israeli adolescents. AB - A study of 4,976 high-school students in Israel, representative of this age group for the entire country except for 13 percent who attend religious schools, revealed that about one-third of the boys aged 14-15 and almost one-half of those in the 16-17 age category have had sexual intercourse. The respective figures for girls are 6 percent and 16 percent. Age at onset of sexual activity was found to be higher and the level of knowledge about the same as in reports from the Western world. Students of Oriental origin, as well as those considering themselves religious or traditional tended to be less active sexually, more conservative in their attitudes, and less knowledgeable. In contrast, students of both sexes residing in kibbutzim were found to be more active sexually and more knowledgeable. A double standard for girls was accepted, especially among the female respondents, except in the kibbutzim. A subgroup of girls highly sexually active, in contrast to their own attitudes, has been identified, and possible reasons for this discordance discussed. As sexual activity among teenagers is becoming more prevalent, comprehensive and early sex education school programs should be encouraged. PMID- 717617 TI - A comparative study of physicians' and nurses' conceptions of the role of the nurse practitioner. AB - Attempts to define the role of the nurse practitioner as a new health care provider raise questions about the traditional health care division of labor. In order to determine nurses' and physicians' conceptions of the NP's role, parallel surveys were conducted among registered nurses and primary care physicians in southeastern Pennsylvania (including Philadelphia). Respondents (679 nurses and 597 physicians) indicated their opinions on the issue of autonomy for NPs and on the issue of specific tasks appropriate to the NP's role. There were significant differences between nurses and physicians with respect to both of the issues under consideration, but there were also important differences within each of these groups. Nurses were more likely to assert that an NP might practice independently, and also had a higher conception of the NP's capabilities. Physicians who were interested in employing a nurse practitioner had opinions which were closest to those of nurses. These findings suggest that conflict between nurses and physicians might be minimal as long as the nurse practitioner movement remains relatively small, but that there may be latent conflict inherent in any large scale attempt to change the health care division of labor at the present time. PMID- 717618 TI - Overcoming barriers to the employment and utilization of the nurse practitioner. AB - A national longitudinal cohort study of nurse practitioners and their employers conducted during 1973--1976 provided data on barriers to the development of the nurse practitioner role in primary care. Nearly 90 per cent of the 500 primary care nurse practitioners responding and 75 per cent of the 407 employers responding reported encountering one or more barriers to the role development of the nurse practitioner in their practice setting. Nurse practitioners identified an average of 2.2 barriers and employers identified an average of 1.6 barriers each. Specific barriers identified by 20 per cent or more of the nurse practitioners and employers were legal restrictions, limitations of space and facilities, and resistance from other providers. The data and other evidence suggest that these barriers are not insurmountable and that progress is being made in overcoming these obstacles. PMID- 717619 TI - Physician behavior as a determinant of utilization patterns: the case of abortion. AB - Health services utilization may be influenced by the structure of the health system and the behavior of health professionals as well as by the actions of individual patients. This research examines the responses of obstetricians toward women seeking abortion. The population for this study includes all obstetrician gynecologists with any private practice in Maryland during 1975 (473). Each responding physician (443) was presented with a case history vignette describing, in a telephone interview, a woman who is pregnant and considering an abortion. The sociodemographic characteristics of the woman were systematically varied to determine effects of patient attributes on physicians' patient management decisions. Decisions to refer the patient or to participate personally in her care were found to be associated most strongly with the patients' financial resources. Three hundred and twelve obstetricians returned a mail questionnaire, probing their own attitudes and characteristics. Physicians' liberal or conservative attitudes toward expansion of reproductive health care services and their level of disturbance by the abortion procedure were also influential in these patient management decisions. Simultaneous examination of both patient and physician characteristics indicated that the former had the greater weight in accounting for referral decisions. PMID- 717620 TI - The three world systems of medical care: trends and prospects. PMID- 717621 TI - Remote pediatric consultation in the inner city: television or telephone? PMID- 717622 TI - Prevalence of sickle cell trait and HbC-trait in Blacks from low socioeconomic conditions. AB - In the present investigation we did not observe age or sex differentials in the prevalence of sickle cell or HbC-traits in Black males or females of low socioeconomic status. When our data were compared to those of others, we found no evidence for a socioeconomic differential in the prevalence of these traits. PMID- 717623 TI - On 'equity in abortion services'. PMID- 717624 TI - On flu immunization and future impact. PMID- 717625 TI - On health education and childhood injuries. PMID- 717626 TI - Acute bacterial meningitis in Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt, 1 January 1971 through 31 December 1975. AB - Between 1 January 1971 and 31 December 1975, 1,333 patients with acute bacterial meningitis were admitted to the meningitis ward of the Abbassia Fever Hospital. These cases are tabulated by distribution of diagnosis, seasonal distribution, age and sex distribution, and age-specific case fatality ratio. Results are compared with those of other large series of cases reported from other parts of the world. The annual incidence of acute bacterial meningitis in Egypt varies widely. Recent data show this to be due to variations in the incidence of group A meningococcal meningitis. The study includes the declining phase of an epidemic of that disease and confirms a previously reported finding that the case fatality ratio in group A meningococcal meningitis varies inversely with the annual number of cases. PMID- 717627 TI - Studies on hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in Nauru. I. Distribution amongst Nauruans. AB - The age specific prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody was studied among a random sample of Nauruans over the age of 10 years. Overall, 79% of subjects showed evidence of past infection with hepatitis B virus with the highest prevalence among young people. While there was no difference in the infection rate between males and females, the carrier rate in males was 50% higher. In both sexes the carrier rate declined with increasing age. Significant differences in carrier rates were detected among people living in different parts of the island. PMID- 717628 TI - Hepatitis B antigenaemia on Wuvulu Island. AB - A survey of the population of Wuvulu Island was undertaken to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B antigenaemia (HBsAg). Seventy-five percent of the population were tested, and 17.7% of those tested were positive for HBsAg. The percentage of positive sera increased with age but declined in the 5th decade of life. There was a marked difference in positivity between the two villages on the island (25.9% and 9.9%) which cannot be explained by several existing hypotheses for HBsAg transmission. PMID- 717630 TI - Johnston Atoll virus (Quaranfil group) from Ornithodoros capensis (Ixodoidea: Argasidae) infesting a gannet colony in New Zealand. AB - Ten strains of Johnston Atoll (JA) virus were isolated from Ornithodoros capensis collected in a Gannet (Sula bassana serrator) colony in New Zealand. Its sensitivity to ether and sodium deoxycholate were confirmed and it was shown to have an RNA genome. It multiplied in day-old chicks but, unlike the prototype virus, it was not pathogenic for them. Transmission experiments and the high incidence of birds with neutralizing antibody indicate that the virus is maintained in the colony by a cycle involving ticks and Gannets. This is the first recorded tickborne arbovirus in New Zealand and extends the known range of JA virus from the tropics into the temperate zone. PMID- 717629 TI - Natural transmission of Keystone virus to sentinel rabbits on the Delmarva Peninsula. AB - Domestic rabbits were exposed in the Pocomoke Cypress Swamp from early May through October 1973, to act as sentinel indicators of Keystone (KEY) virus transmission on the Delaware-Maryland-Virginia (DelMarVa) Peninsula. Rabbits were bled weekly and their sera were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibody to both KEY and James-town Canyon (JC) viruses. Adult mosquito activity was monitored concurrently by CDC miniature light traps with Dry Ice. Of 100 rabbits exposed, 20 rabbits acquired neutralizing antibody to KEY virus as a result of their exposure; none acquired antibody to JC virus. Eighty-three percent of susceptible rabbits exposed converted immediately after the emergence of Aedes atlanticus adult mosquitoes in early September. Rabbit seroconversions were not limited to any particular habitat within the swamp. The conversion of a large proportion of sentinel rabbits immediately following emergence of A. atlanticus, and the previous demonstration of transovarial transmission of KEY virus by A. atlanticus, suggest that vertically infected individuals are capable of viral transmission at their initial engorgement. Such transmission provides the initial step in a vertebrate amplification cycle. PMID- 717631 TI - Relative hyperelectrolytemia in northern Nigerians. AB - A number of studies among the peoples of tropical Africa have shown exceptionally low electrolyte levels. This paper reports a study of more than 200 healthy northern Nigerian subjects which yielded precisely the opposite picture- exceptionally high levels of both sodium and chloride. The relatively high protein and urea values in the same individuals suggest that the high electrolyte levels seen are due to dehydration. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 717633 TI - Growth of Babesia bovis in bovine erythrocyte cultures. AB - Babesia bovis was cultured in a suspension of bovine erythrocytes incubated at 37 degrees C in Medium 199 with 50% bovine serum. The cells in culture were kept in suspension by slow stirring in spinner flasks and the medium was replaced at 24 hour intervals. Persistent multiplication of the parasite in a short series of subcultures suggests the feasibility of this approach for continuous culture. PMID- 717632 TI - Changes in coagulation effects by venoms of Crotalus atrox as snakes age. AB - Venom samples separately collected at monthly intervals from three Crotalus atrox specimens as they aged from 2 to 22 months showed many quantitative changes of biological activities. But more important were qualitative changes of coagulation activity. Up to 8 months the venoms clotted fibrinogen solutions directly. At 9 to 10 months, plasma was clotted but not fibrinogen. Subsequently the venoms no longer clotted plasma. Qualitative venom changes with growth of snakes could explain some of the conflicting reports both on clinical aspects of snake bite in man and on experimental venom work. The findings emphasize the importance for clinicians dealing with snake bite to monitor the clot-quality of their patient's blood--a simple bedside test for defibrinogenation, no-clot indicating zero fibrinogen and speck-clot representing fibrinogen concentrations under 50 mg/100 ml. With strongly defibrinating venoms, non-clotting blood is a very sensitive sign of systemic envenoming. In contrast, the relatively feeble defibrinating activity of juvenile C. atrox venom suggests that, if the blood is non-clotting in C. atrox bites, this indicates the victim has received a potentially lethal or near-lethal dose of venom urgently requiring effective antivenom therapy. PMID- 717634 TI - Proliferative glomerulonephritis, hypocomplementemia, and nucleic acid antibodies in rats infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. AB - Host immunologic responses were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats infected with a human isolate of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Retro-orbital sinus bleedings were obtained on days 0 and 14 and at 21 or 28 days. Infected and control rats were sacrificed on day 21 or 28 of the infection. Mild glomerulitis, as assessed by increased cellcularity and/or widening of the mesangial region, was apparent in 6 of 7 infected animals. Finely granular deposits of IgM and IgGl were found in most glomeruli with less prominent deposits of IgGa and IgA. Focal cortical mononuclear interstitial infiltrates were present in 2 of 7 rats. Subepithelial or mesangial electron dense deposits were present in the glomeruli of infected rats. Hypocomplementemia was present by day 21 and involved both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation. Antibodies to native DNA and single-stranded RNA were present by day 21. These studies indicate the feasibility of studying trypanosomal glomerulonephritis in rats and will provide a convenient model for detailed immunologic and morphologic investigation of host immune responses in African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 717635 TI - Epidemiological and clinical features of Brugia timori in a newly established village. Karakuak, West Flores, Indonesia. AB - The epidemiological and clinical features of Brugia timori filariasis in a newly established village, Karakuak, West Flores, is described. The microfilarial rate by finger stick and Nuclepore filtration was 24% and 30%, respectively, and the disease rate 64%. Infected persons were found in every family and household with no predominant age or sex preference. Development of elephantiasis in the population was associated with residence in the new village of Karakuak, where extensive rice field cultivation was initiated soon after arrival. The irrigated fields provided excellent breeding sites for the vector, Anopheles barbirostris. People with no previous exposure to the parasite developed elephantiasis earlier and more frequently than those originating from other endemic areas. PMID- 717636 TI - Schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabian recruits. A morbidity study based on quantitative egg excretion. AB - We surveyed stool and urine specimens from 245 Saudi Arabian trainees for parasites. Schistosoma mansoni eggs were found in the stool in 66 (26.9%) and S. haematobium eggs were recovered from the urine in 1 (0.4%). Additional parasites were recovered in 167 (68.2%) of the survey group and were not more common in those with schistosomiasis (P greater than .10). Schistosome egg counts ranged from 0--6,320 eggs/g feces (mean 447.9). When patients with high egg counts (over 400 eggs/g) were compared with uninfected controls, abdominal complaints and fatigue were found to be more frequent (P less than .05) in the infected group, as was eosinophilia (P less than .001). Other laboratory and physical examination findings were equally present in both groups. This study reaffirms the value of quantitative examination of stool specimens for schistosome eggs. PMID- 717637 TI - Schistosoma haematobium in the Wabi Shebelle Valley of Ethiopia. AB - A survey of the lower Wabi Shebelle Valley of southeastern Ethiopia was made to assess the presence of schistosomiasis haematobia in the modernized plantation of Gode and adjacent areas. The disease is present in Kellafo, Mustahil, and in the Burukur flood plain 100 km downstream from Gode, and absent further north. This is related to the ecology of the different areas. PMID- 717638 TI - Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections in Egypt. IV. Hepatic lesions. AB - We performed 400 consecutive autopsies in Cairo, Egypt. The intensity of schistosome infection in these cases was measured by counting adult worms recovered by perfusion and dissection and by counting eggs in the tissues of infected cases. Symmers' clay pipestem fibrosis of the liver was clearly related to the presence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni, but not S. haematobium, infection. Morphologic findings in cases with Symmers' fibrosis were comparable to those in Brazilian cases, and the intensity of S. mansoni infection associated with Symmers' fibrosis was similar in Brazil and Egypt. The fine bilharzial periportal fibrosis described by Hashem was not identified in our material, and Symmers' fibrosis was present in all cases of portal hypertension caused by schistosomiasis. Schistosome eggs were found concentrated in areas of portal fibrosis of cases with Symmers' fibrosis. In the absence of Symmers' fibrosis, eggs did not concentrate in large portal areas regardless of the intensity of infection or the presence of lesser degrees of portal fibrosis. We thus feel it unlikely that Symmers' fibrosis is formed by the fusion of fibrotic granulomas around the schistosome eggs. PMID- 717639 TI - Resistance of mice to secondary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. I. Comparison of bisexual and unisexual initial infections. AB - Mice receiving a unisexual primary infection with either sex of Schistosoma mansoni did not develop detectable resistance to reinfection. In contrast, mice receiving a bisexual primary infection developed a high degree of resistance. The number of adult worms developing from the challenge infection was reduced, relative to controls, by 72--100% at challenge times of 6 weeks or greater. PMID- 717641 TI - Intrasellar cysticercosis presenting as a pituitary tumor: successful transsphenoidal cystectomy with preservation of pituitary function. AB - A 42-year-old woman from El Salvador presented with arthralgias and headache. She was found to have an enlarged sella with an intrasellar mass. Transsphenoidal exploration of the sella revealed a cysticercus. The cyst was removed and normal pituitary function was retained. Review of the literature showed three previously reported confirmed or suspected cases of intrasellar cysticercosis: in two, the diagnosis was made at autopsy; in the third, a patient with hypopituitarism, intrasellar cysticercosis was suspected in life but never confirmed histologically. Transsphenoidal cystectomy successfully treated our patient without compromise of pituitary function and is recommended for similar cases. PMID- 717640 TI - Resistance of mice to secondary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. II. Evidence for a correlation between egg deposition and work elimination. AB - Mice reinfected with Schistosoma mansoni 6--8 weeks after a primary infection largely or completely eliminated the second infection prior to the 7-week adult worm stage. In contrast, challenge worm counts were not lower than controls at the 6-day lung schistosomulum stage. At reinfection intervals of 12 or more weeks, worm counts were reduced at both stages. The reduction in lung schistosomulum count was proportional to the number of schistosome eggs present in the lungs, with no significant reduction being detected at any challenge time in mice free of lung eggs. Isolated schistosome eggs injected intravenously into the lungs of normal mice induced moderate to high levels of resistance to infection, while eggs injected subcutaneously or imtraperitoneally did not. It is concluded that the deposition of schistosome eggs in sites encountered by migrating schistosomula may be essential for mice to become resistant to reinfection with S. mansoni. PMID- 717642 TI - Reversal reactions in lepromatous leprosy following transfer factor therapy. AB - Five patients with active leprosy, four with polar lepromatous (LL) and one with borderline lepromatous (BL) disease, were each treated with transfer factor (TF) from approximately 7.4 x 10(9) lymphocytes given in 36 divided doses over a 12 week period. The TF was prepared from blood donated by normal, healthy, lepromin skin test-positive individuals. During treatment all four of the LL patients, but not the BL patient, developed clinical reversal reactions. Histopathologically, skin biopsies in these four LL patients showed evidence of transformation of collections of multibacillary macrophages into paucibacillary epithelioid cells and giant cells. To our knowledge, this is the first histopahtologic documentation of reversal reactions occurring in polar LL. To the extent that reversal reactions are evidence of effective cell-mediated immunity of Mycobacterium leprae, these results indicate that TF is capable of at least partial correction of the immunologic deficit of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 717643 TI - The gap between quality and cost. Presidential address. PMID- 717644 TI - Surgical training: the private hospital, the medical school, and the federal government, 1978. PMID- 717645 TI - Major vascular injuries secondary to pelvic fractures: an unsolved clinical problem. AB - Twelve patients sustained sixteen pelvic fracture-related iliac and femoral arterial (5) and venous (11) injuries. Death was due in large part to delays in recognition and direct operative control of the major vascular disruption. Prompt operative exploration of all pedestrians admitted in hemorrhagic shock will open pelvic fractures characterized by a double break in the pelvic ring should reduce the 83 per cent mortality currently associated with this combination of injuries. PMID- 717646 TI - Penetrating injuries to the iliac arteries. AB - Despite advances in the management of traumatic truncal and peripheral vascular injuries, penetrating trauma to the iliac arteries carries a high mortality. Among more than 600 patients with arterial trauma seen at the Ben Taub General Hospital between January 1958 and December 1977, eighty-three had penetrating injury to the iliac arteries. Thirty-two patients (39 per cent) died within thirty days of injury, none of these dying within 48 hours of injury. Injuries were managed by resection and end-to-end anastomosis (36 per cent), lateral arteriorrhaphy (27 per cent), ligation (20 per cent), and prosthetic interposition (10 per cent). Three perigraft infections occurred with ultimate removal of the graft and ligation of the common iliac artery. Among patients with penetrating injuries who arrive alive at a hospital, iliac artery wounds result in massive intraperitoneal blood loss, in contrast to aortic injuries which frequently have a protective tamponade for a period of time. Delay in surgery, irreversible shock, dilutional bleeding diathesis, and respiratory insufficiency result in a high mortality. A high index of suspicion and prompt aggressive surgery are necessary to improve changes of survival of patients with this highly lethal injury. PMID- 717647 TI - Cimetidine inhibits burn edema formation. AB - Large doses of cimetidine significantly inhibit edema formation in thermally injured rat skeletal muscle. Tissue sodium influx and potassium efflux is also sharply restricted. These effects were obtained even if the administration of cimetidine was delayed for up to 4 hours after injury, but no beneficial effect occurred if drug administration was delayed for 14 hours, when most of the edema had already accumulated. The minimal effective dose is between 0.1 to 0.2 mg/gm. PMID- 717648 TI - Early evacuation of clotted hemothorax. PMID- 717649 TI - Intestinal disruption due to blunt abdominal trauma. AB - Twenty-three patients with thirty-one disruptions of the intestines due to blunt abdominal trauma are reviewed. The bowel disruptions occurred in the stomach (2 perforations), duodenum (9), proximal jejunum (18), and sigmoid colon (2). The causes of injury, diagnostic difficulties, delays in treatment, associated trauma, surgical correction, and results are analyzed. Deaths (4) and complications (6) are presented in detail. Intestinal disruptions can be due to a variety of types of blunt trauma, with the automobile being the most common etiologic agent. The bowel can perforate anywhere in its course. Intestinal perforations are often associated with severe injuries which will probably be the determining factors in survival. Persistence, particularly repeated physical examination, is required for the diagnosis of bowel injury. Routine diagnostic tests for duodenal injury are not reliable. Retroperitoneal hematomas around the duodenum must be explored. The injuries themselves are easy to repair, and repair is secure when performed at the primary operation. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended. PMID- 717650 TI - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage: fourteen years and 2,586 patients later. AB - During a fourteen year period, diagnostic peritoneal lavage was 98.5 per cent accurate in determining the presence or absence of blunt intraabdominal injuries among 2,586 patients. Of these, 69.4 per cent had a negative lavage and 29.2 per cent a positive lavage. Six patients (0.2 per cent) had a false-positive lavage. Thirty-two patients (1.2 per cent) had a false-negative lavage; however, all but one of these patients underwent exploratory laparotomy on the basis of clinical acumen or other diagnostic tests. PMID- 717651 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms. A comparative analysis of surgical treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. AB - This retrospective study of 120 patients identified three separate variables that influence operative mortality in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. These are age, presence or absence of symptoms, and presence of three preoperative risk factors or more. Based on this study and the fact that any aneurysm may rupture without warning, we conclude that observation of good risk asymptomatic patients until symptoms occur is unjustified. Asymptomatic patients less than seventy years old can undergo abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy with minimal mortality. Carefully selected asymptomatic patients more than seventy years old can also under surgical intervention with acceptable results. PMID- 717652 TI - Discussion and management of late failures in reconstructive procedures involving the abdominal aorta. AB - Review of fifty-eight late failures of 326 procedures performed for revascularization of the abdominal aorta over the past six years showed a low overall operative mortality of 9 per cent. Secondary vascular procedures directed at the aorta itself or at its graft substitute proved more effective in relieving symptoms and restoring flow than did secondary procedures directed at more distal problems in the lower extremities. The aortofemoral graft in conjunction with profundaplasty proved to be the most effective means of restoring flow to the lower extermity after graft occlusion in a previous aortoiliac or aortofemoral graft. PMID- 717653 TI - Acute hemodynamic effects of lumbar sympathectomy. AB - Lumbar sympathectomy increases total limb blood flow after aortofemoral bypass in a high percentage of cases. This was true in eleven of fourteen extremities (78.6 per cent) in our series even though no specific selection criteria for entry into the study, other than the need for aortofemoral bypass, were used: that is, patients were entered into the study irrespective of preoperative ankle/arm pressure indexes or results of hyperemia testing. Overall, flow rates after sympathectomy was added to aortofemoral bypass were 1.55 times greater than after aortofemoral bypass alone. This degree of augmentation of flow may be important, particularly in cases of limited outflow. PMID- 717654 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy by extended periareolar incisions. PMID- 717655 TI - Results of breast biopsies for mammographic findings. AB - The results of breast biopsies for mammographic findings have been presented, in which 314 biopsies were done on 274 patients. From this number of biopsies, the diagnosis of cancer was established in fifty-seven cases (18 per cent of the biopsies). More than 50 per cent of the lesions were infiltrating duct cell carcinomas. The number of breast biopsies required increased markedly after the national publicity in 1974. As more biopsies were done, the incidence of carcinoma increased, and a significant number of these were found in women less than fifty years old. We believe this justifies the continued judicious use of mammography, even in the younger patient, if clinically indicated. PMID- 717656 TI - Experience with central high flow arteriovenous fistulas in patients requiring chronic parenteral chemotherapy or hemodialysis. PMID- 717657 TI - Biodistribution studies of labeled tryptophan: a potential pancreas-scanning agent. AB - The in vivo organ distributions of dl- and l-[side 3-14C]-tryptophan and dl (75Se)-selenomethionine were studied in normal Long-Evans rats to determine which tryptophan isomer had the best pancreas/liver ratio. The commercially available radiochemical agents were injected into the tails of adult rats, and three animals were sacrificed for each compound at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes. Samples of blood, pancreas, liver, kidney, spleen, and flank muscles were excised, weighed wet, digested, and counted by standard liquid scintillation technics. A standard fraction of the injected dose was also counted so that results could be reported as per cent injected dose per gram tissue (per cent ID/gm) and per whole organ. The spleen and muscle concentrations (per cent ID/gm) were indistinguishable for the three compounds at all times studied. The kidney concentration of dl-tryptophan was higher than that of l-tryptophan at 60 and 90 minutes, reflecting the renal excretion of the nonmetabolic isomer. The concentration of l-tryptophan was two to three times higher than that of dl tryptophan and selenomethionine in the pancreas at the earlier times, but after 1 hour they became equivalent. All three compounds had equivalent concentrations in the liver, except for l-tryptophan at 15 minutes. We conclude that pancreas/liver ratios are much higher for tryptophan than for selenomethionine and that for l tryptophan they are at least tenfold higher. Since the rat is able to partially metabolize d-tryptophan via an inversion step, differences between l- and dl tryptophan might be even larger for humans. L-tryptophan labeled with a short lived gamma-emitting nuclide (13N or 11C) should, therefore, be a much better radiopharmaceutical agent for pancreatic scintigraphy. PMID- 717658 TI - Accuracy and consistency of pancreatography. AB - Pancreatography is a valuable diagnostic technic to identify structural changes in the pancreatic ductal system. Although specific diagnoses based on ductal changes are not always possible, patients with surgically normal glands and those showing changes of chronic pancreatitis were reliably identified in this series. Patients evaluated for postcholecystectomy pain usually had normal pancreatograms and grossly normal pancreatic glands at the time of surgical exploration. The overall consistency in interpretation of pancreatograms by experienced radiologists was approximately 80 per cent. Pancreatic cancer was poorly predicted due to either minimal changes in the ductal system or inability to distinguish gross changes from those seen with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 717659 TI - Traumatic injuries of the pancreas. AB - Traumatic injuries of the pancreas have evolved from an uncommon encounter of even wartime wounds to a relatively common injury of today's civilian strife. A review of 448 patients sustaining pancreatic trauma demonstrated that the pancreatic injury alone contributes little to immediate or late mortality but is frequently a source of postoperative morbidity. Complications of pancreatic injury comprise almost half of those observed after trauma in such patients, but for the most part are self-limited and easily cared for. Survival among patients sustaining pancreatic injury depends mainly upon the degree of success with which the multiple associated injuries can be managed. PMID- 717660 TI - Turnover rate of 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain after prolonged vasopressin administration. PMID- 717661 TI - Action of peripheral organs and deproteinized blood on the brain cortex respiratory process. PMID- 717662 TI - [Cerebral function monitor. Experimental study of stereotaxic stimulation with and without anesthesia]. PMID- 717663 TI - Toxicological investigations on androgenic steroid nitrates. PMID- 717664 TI - Proprio-vegetative reflexes in relation to bodily equilibrium: clinical observations on pupillary reactions in patients with neck and lumbar pain following whiplash injury. PMID- 717665 TI - [Cerebral function monitor. Description and principles of functioning and interpretation]. PMID- 717666 TI - [Objective evaluation of the anesthetic awakening]. PMID- 717667 TI - [New mathematical model of the genetic code III: definition and classification of mutations]. PMID- 717668 TI - Effects of the nerve-growth factor (NGF) on certain non-neuronal elements. PMID- 717669 TI - [Importance of determining prolactin and gonadotropic hormones in the diagnosis of different forms of endocrine sterility]. PMID- 717670 TI - [Possible causes of sterility in genital endometriosis]. PMID- 717671 TI - [Vibromassage at different frequencies in the overall treatment of tubal sterility]. PMID- 717672 TI - [Dynamics of the change in cortical-subcortical correlations in experimental animals exposed to pulse currents (per the electroanalgesia method)]. PMID- 717673 TI - [Characteristics of steroidogenesis in girls with different forms of sexual development retardation]. PMID- 717674 TI - [Anorexia nervosa and weight loss as the causes of secondary amenorrhea in girls]. PMID- 717675 TI - [Effect of intrauterine devices of copper on the female reproductive system]. PMID- 717676 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical manifestations of a lesion of the ilioinguinal nerve in gynecologic diseases and labor]. PMID- 717677 TI - [Teaching of obstetrics and gynecology in the health and hygiene department]. PMID- 717678 TI - [X-ray picture of the sella turcica and skull in the climacteric syndrome]. PMID- 717679 TI - [Treatment of severe forms of pathological climacteric]. PMID- 717680 TI - [Microdensitometric analysis of the RNA content and distribution in the cellular elements of the epithelial layer of the cervix uteri in the process of dysplastic transformation]. PMID- 717681 TI - [Principles of the histological diagnosis of pathology of the ovaries and Fallopian tubes]. PMID- 717682 TI - [Etiology of sterility: frequency, causes, etiology and the clinical picture in Bulgaria]. PMID- 717683 TI - [Role of the infectious factor in the etiopathogenesis of primary sterility of ovarian origin (an experimental study)]. PMID- 717684 TI - [Sociomedical and biomedical aspects of male infertility based on data on 762 men from infertile families]. PMID- 717685 TI - [Prolactin in the ejaculates of sterile and healthy men]. PMID- 717686 TI - [Mycoplasma infection in the sperm of men from infertile marriages]. PMID- 717687 TI - [Sertoli cell syndrome in men with aspermia and azoospermia]. PMID- 717688 TI - [Content of total fats and cholesterol in human sperm normally and in pathology]. PMID- 717689 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of a biopsy study in men with testicular hypoplasia]. PMID- 717690 TI - [Cystalgia in the woman from the viewpoint of gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 717691 TI - [Problems in the expertise of the probable period of conception]. PMID- 717692 TI - [Activities of an obstetrical and gynecological district unit with a branch polyclinic base]. PMID- 717693 TI - [New industries and industrial hazards with gonadotropic, embryotropic and mutagenic effects]. PMID- 717694 TI - [Sterilization as a contraceptive method]. PMID- 717695 TI - [Rare case of an inverted and degenerated, large polyfibromyomatous uterus in a 68-year-old woman]. PMID- 717696 TI - [Case of a neovagina in aplasia of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovary]. PMID- 717697 TI - [Cesarean section with subsequent hysterectomy]. PMID- 717698 TI - Evaluation of Alaska Native Ambulatory Health Services. II. Appraisal of the continuity of the health care process. PMID- 717699 TI - Office testing for exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 717700 TI - I need new glasses doc! or why do so many ophthamologists hate refractions? PMID- 717701 TI - Health-right or responsibility? PMID- 717702 TI - Food allergy. PMID- 717703 TI - Food sensitivity reported by patients with asthma and hay fever. A relationship between food sensitivity and birch pollen-allergy and between food sensitivity and acetylsalicylic acid intolerance. AB - Among adult patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis undergoing allergological investigation with skin test, nasal provocation test and RAST, 1129 answered a questionaire regarding food sensitivity (FS). 276 (24%) of the patients reported some kind of allergic symptoms on eating or handling various foods, of which hazel nut, apple and shell fish were the most often named. Females reported FS more often than males. A correlation was found between birch pollen allergy and FS with nuts, apple, peach, cherry, pear, plum, carrot and new potato. The higher the degree of birch pollen allergy, according to skin test, RAST or provocation test, the higher the frequency of FS. A correlation was found too between acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and FS with some foods, e.g. nuts, strawberry, almond, green pepper, hip, chocolate, egg, cabbage, milk and wine. The connection between birch pollen allergy and FS is probably explained by the structural relationship between birch pollen allergen and some allergens of the foodstuffs, whereas the high incidence of FS in acetylsalicylic acid-intolerant patients is probably explained by additives in foods as well as salicylates or benzoates naturally occurring in some food. PMID- 717704 TI - Use of RAST technique in wasp sting hypersensitivity. Cross-reactions between various insect antigens are specially considered. AB - Clinical hypersensitivity to wasp stings was found to be fairly well correlated with the presence of serum IgE-antibodies against yellow jacket venom as detected by the RAST technique. Such antibodies were never found in a control group of non allergic blood donors, but they were detected in a surprisingly large proportion of patients with bee sting allergy without known allergic reactions to wasps. Studies using RAST inhibition technique failed to prove cross-reactions between bee and wasp venoms. Considerably better results were obtained when venom antigens instead of whole body antigens were used in the RAST. RAST inhibition studies suggested that IgE-antibodies detected with RAST using whole body antigen are directed against bee venom constituents in the whole body extract. PMID- 717705 TI - Absolute determination of IgE antibodies to grass pollen allergens. AB - Knowledge of specific IgE bound on immunosorbent as assayed by RAST is useful but cannot give a complete description of the biological states of patients concerning IgE antibodies. Using a computer program based on a least squares error method and knowing the amount of bound specific IgE antibodies to grass pollen antigens in a serum at each of the four tested dilutions it is possible to calculate the absolute value of specific IgE antibody level, the relative value of affinity constant and the relative proportion of IgE antibodies to the total amount of specific (IgE plus non-IgE) antibodies. It is found that specific IgE antibodies account for high percentages of the total IgE protein (mean of 20%). High differences in affinity constant and in the proportion of IgE antibodies to the total amount of antibodies could be found between sera. Severity of grass pollen allergy could be related to the absolute level of IgE antibody, but no definite conclusion could be made on the importance of affinity constant and the proportion of IgE antibodies to the total amount of antibodies. PMID- 717706 TI - Variations of blood eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein in serum in patients with bronchial asthma. Studies during inhalation challenge test. AB - Inhalation challenge test was performed in 12 patients with bronchial asthma. The subsequent variation in blood cosinophils and serum-eosinophil cationic protein was followed up. Uniform patterns in both parameters were seen suggesting active participation of the eosinophil leucocyte in allergic inflammation. PMID- 717707 TI - Hepatic function and fibrinolysis in patients with hereditary angioedema undergoing long-term treatment with tranexamic acid. AB - Prophylactic treatment with antifibrinolytic agents, epsilon-aminocaproic and tranexamic acid, reduces the incidence and severity of attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema. Long-term effectiveness or risk of antifibrinolytic agents has not been established. Sixteen patients needing continuous prophylaxis because of frequency and severity of attacks were treated with tranexamic acid. In four patients this treatment was ineffective and the drug was withdrawn after 2 months. A remission or reduction in the frequency or severity of attacks was observed in 12 patients treated for a period ranging from 8 to 34 months. Hepatic tests and blood fibrinolytic activity were not influenced by long-term oral treatment with tranexamic acid. PMID- 717708 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 717709 TI - Extraction and degradation of timothy pollen allergen during simulated in vivo conditions. AB - Extraction and degradation of timothy pollen in saline has been compared with extraction in nasal secretion and gastric fluid. By measuring the absolute amount of one important allergenic substance by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis and the total allergenic activity by RAST as a function of time it was shown that the allergens were extracted extremely fast and that both the total allergenic activity and the concentration of one allergen reached maximum after about 20 min. Compared with saline, extraction under the simulated in vivo conditions gave a lower maximum level and a faster degradation of allergens. PMID- 717710 TI - Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic analysis of extract from cow hair and dander. Characterization of the antigens and identification of the allergens. AB - Quantiative immunoelectrophoresis used for the analysis of a dialysed, centrifuged and freeze-dried extract from cow hair and dander revealed 17 antigens. Five of these were identified as serum proteins. Partial identity to antigens of serum and extract from hair and dander of goat, sheep, swine, horse, dog, cat and guinea pig, and to antigens of house dust was demonstrated. Sera from 36 patients with manifest allergy to cow hair and dander selected on the basis of case history, RAST, skin and provocation test, were examined in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE); sera from five persons with high serum IgE, but without allergy to cow hair and dander, and sera from five normal individuals were controls. 31/36 of the sera contained IgE with specific affinity for two of the antigens of the extract. Further, two major and six minor allergens were identified. The control sera showed no specific IgE binding. A significant positive correlation was found between RAST and CRIE for the first group of patients. The approximate molecular weights of the four major allergens obtained by means of gel chromatography were: 2.4 x 10(4), 2 x 10(4), 2 x 10(5) dalton, respectively. Using Con-A and Con-A Sepharose in crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis, eight of the antigens were revealed to contain groups with affinity for Con-A. PMID- 717711 TI - Total serum IgE levels in normals and patients with chronic non-specific lung diseases. AB - Total serum IgE was measured, using a sensitive sandwich method, in a healthy control population, in healthy persons with a familial history of chronic non specific lung disease and in patients with chronic non-specific lung disease (CNSLD). In the control population a median total serum IgE of 39 I.U./ml was found. Total serum IgE levels were significantly lower in women that in men. Healthy persons with a familial history of CNSLD had significantly increased total IgE levels compared with the control population. The IgE level was even higher in the group of patients with CNSLD. The presence of specific IgE antibodies and/or an early onset of the symptoms of CNSLD was accompanied by higher total serum IgE levels compared with the IgE values in the other CNSLD patients. But the total IgE levels were increased in all subgroups of CNSLD patients. A significant decrease of the IgE level with age was observed in CNSLD patients. PMID- 717712 TI - Differences in approach to anesthesia in North America and Great Britain. PMID- 717713 TI - Excessive airway pressure during anaesthesia. Hazards, effects and prevention. AB - The modern continuous flow anaesthetic machine supplies gases under high pressure directly to the patient's trachea. Accidental obstruction to the outflow of expired gases is not uncommon, and may lead to the application of excessive pressure to the patient's airways with potentially disastrous results. The ways in which obstruction to outflow may occur, and the factors which affect the subsequent rise in intrapulmonary pressure are enumerated. The effects of a substained elevation of airway pressure on cardiac output are discussed and an outline is given of the sequence of events which lead from alveolar rupture to the development of mediastinal emphysema and tension pneumothorax. Finally, suggestions are made for ways in which the patient can be protected from excessive airway pressure, by routine use of a pressure-limiting reservoir bag in conjunction with a suitable pressure-limiting valve on all anaesthetic breathing attachments. PMID- 717714 TI - An unusual complication of passing a narrow bore nasogastric tube. AB - A care of oesophageal perforation and aspiration of a pleural effusion by a narrow bore nasogastric tube is reported. The presence of cardiac enlargement was thought to be a precipitating cause. It is suggested that insufflation of air with auscultation over the epigastrium and aspiration of narrow bore tubes, as well as chest X-ray, should be carried out routinely to establish the position of such tubes prior to commencing feeding. PMID- 717715 TI - Unilateral pulmonary oedema and "Mandrax" poisoning. AB - A case of unilateral pulmonary oedema following "Mandrax" overdose is presented. The pulmonary oedema is believed to result from hypoxia and increased pulmonary vascular permeability. A multi-factorial pathophysiology including patient posture, may have been responsible for the unusual unilateral distribution of the oedema. This report should serve to increase awareness of this interesting clinical entity. PMID- 717716 TI - Paraplegia and epidural analgesia. AB - A patient who developed paraplegia subsequent to epidural analgesia is presented. The patient was further investigated and it was proved that there was spinal canal stenosis L2-4 level and epidural analgesia had precipitated the paraplegia. PMID- 717717 TI - Monitoring low blood pressure. A non-invasive technique. AB - Surgical procedures frequently warrant the use of hypotensive anaesthesia, yet the nature of the surgical procedure may not require intra-arterial monitoring of blood-pressure which is associated with a significant incidence of hazards. An ultrasonic technique is described which is convenient and without complication and which may be employed when intra-arterial cannulation is difficult or undesirable as, for example, in the neonatal case. PMID- 717718 TI - The Treonic Haemoheater: a new blood warming device. AB - A new blood warming apparatus, the Treonic Haemoheater, is described. The blood circulates through a disposable warming bag situated between two electrically heated panels containing two types of thermostat. The apparatus appears to be electrically safe and exhibits a high capacity for the transference of heat. Haemolysis is not caused and the device is simple to use. PMID- 717720 TI - Mysterious deaths at Ann Arbor. PMID- 717719 TI - Clinical considerations in anaesthesia for hip arthroplasty. AB - Experiences with the anaesthetic management of 248 patients undergoing total hip replacement are presented. Blood loss does not appear to be influenced by hypertension, the method of venting or the type of anaesthetic, with the exception of neurolept-analgesia. The importance of oxygen therapy in the treatment of the pulmonary embolic syndrome is stressed and the prevention of deep venous thrombosis is discussed. Mortality and morbidity figures are given. PMID- 717721 TI - A College of Anesthetists? PMID- 717722 TI - Post-recovery emotional lability. PMID- 717723 TI - Pipeline hazards--a simple solution. PMID- 717724 TI - A throat spray. PMID- 717725 TI - The Chemical Defence Establishment halothane adsorber. PMID- 717726 TI - Percutaneous femoral vein catheterisation. PMID- 717727 TI - Anaesthesia in difficult environments. PMID- 717728 TI - Estimation of nitrous oxide in blood. Gas chromatographic analysis of trace or analgesic levels. AB - The estimation of nitrous oxide (N20) at trace and analgesic levels in whole blood is described. A micro-ionisation cross section (MICS) detector was used to measure trace levels of N2O (0.69 to 17.88 mumol N20/litre of blood); whilst a thermal conductivity (TC) detector was used to determine levels from 0.17 to 13.34 mmol N20/litre of blood. The coefficient of variation was 1.3% and 3.2% for the TC and MICS detectors respectively. The technique equals the precision of previously described methods but is considerably quicker. It appears to be suitable for use in the measurement of blood levels of N20 in both theatre personnel and patients undergoing anaesthesia. PMID- 717729 TI - Blood levels of nitrous oxide during bronchoscopy. AB - Arterial blood levels of nitrous oxide have been measured during bronchoscopy using two types of ventilating bronchoscope. It seems unlikely that the blood levels of nitrous oxide achieved using these devices would contribute to a reduction in the incidence of awareness during this procedure. PMID- 717730 TI - Osmolar output in the peri-operative period. AB - The hourly urine volume and urine concentration of seven patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were measured during the operative and postoperative periods. From these, the hourly osmolar output was calculated. The results show that the osmolar output, 700 mOsm/day, in the peri-operative period is less than that of a 70 kg man consuming a normal 2000 calorie diet. Calculation of the osmolar output might help in the differentiation of postoperative oliguria and renal dysfunction. PMID- 717731 TI - Osmometry. 1. Terminology and principles of measurement. AB - The measurement of the osmolality of body fluids is used increasingly in clinical practice. This paper discusses the terminology and describes the methods available for its measurement. PMID- 717733 TI - Osmometry. 3. Clinical applications. AB - Measurement of plasma and urine osmolality is quick, easy and accurate. The recognition of the interdependence of urine volume and osmolality on the excretion of the daily obligatory solute load assists in the diagnosis and management of fluid balance and renal excretory problems in the acutely ill. In addition, syndromes of osmotic disequilibrium present a challenge in metabolic care. PMID- 717732 TI - Osmometry. 2. Osmoregulation. AB - The maintenance of osmolar constancy of the body fluids is dependent upon the recognition of osmolar disequilibrium and its correction by modifying the ingestion and excretion of fluid and solute. Osmolar changes are sensed by the hypothalamus which regulates the secretion of antidiuretic hormone to modify the renal excretion of water. The integrity of the system depends upon the renal ability to vary the solute concentration of urine. PMID- 717734 TI - Removal of anaesthetic waste gases. An inexpensive antipollution system for use with pipeline suction. AB - A simple, safe, and extremely inexpensive system is described for removing anaesthetic waste gases from the operating theatre, by utilising such equipment and facilities as already exist in most modern operating departments. PMID- 717735 TI - Throwing light on blind intubation. AB - A method of tracheal intubation is described which uses transillumination of the tissues to identify entry into the trachea. The method is suggested as an alternative to blind intubation in cases where difficulty occurs using conventional laryngoscopy. PMID- 717736 TI - From the other end of the needle. The patient's experience of routine anaesthesia. AB - During a single 5 day working week a series of adult National Health patients undergoing general anaesthesia for routine surgery at a District General Hospital were interviewed on the day following the anaesthetic. The experiences of anaesthesia, and their opinions of their anaesthetists are discussed. PMID- 717737 TI - Do they do as they are instructed? A review of out-patient anaesthesia. AB - Sixty patients who underwent out-patient anaesthesia were assessed by interview the day following surgery to determine the extent to which they remembered and complied with instructions given preoperatively concerning their post-anaesthetic activities such as, drinking, driving, cooking and operating machinery. The first group of thirty patients received verbal instructions only, except for a written instruction not to drive after anaesthesia. The following group of thirty patients received clear, concise printed instructions in addition to their pre operative verbal instructions. There was a significant improvement between the two groups of patients in the ability to remember their instructions from a range of 77--99% failure rate to 4--12.5% depending on the sphere of activity. However, a certain proportion of patients deliberately ignored the instructions in both groups. It would appear from this study that verbal pre-operative instructions were easily forgotten unless re-inforced with written directives. Patients from ethnic minorities may need printed instructions in their native language and the services of an interpreter. PMID- 717738 TI - The Hospital Practitioner Grade. PMID- 717739 TI - Laryngeal oedema complicating obstetric anaesthesia. PMID- 717740 TI - Anaesthetic for bronchoscopy. PMID- 717741 TI - Variations in 'Doughty blades'. PMID- 717742 TI - Jaw dislocation during anaesthesia. PMID- 717743 TI - The pricing of anaesthetic techniques. PMID- 717744 TI - A modification to the Goldman dental nasal mask. PMID- 717745 TI - [The anaesthesia outpatient clinic. A new concept of preanaesthetic preparation and treatment after two years experiences (author's transl)]. AB - The anaesthesia outpatient clinic can be a new concept of preanaesthetic preparation and treatment. Related to the figures of 1977, a report is given about our 2-years experience. Patients from the usual outpatient clinics, like gynecology, urology, ENT, who are expected to be operated upon are immediately sent to the anaesthesia outpatient clinic for preanaesthetic check up. After the overall state of the patient has been examined, the original outpatient clinic and/or the family doctor are given information about the patients condition, and probably proposals for a preanaesthetic treatment are made. In 1977, 15% of all anaesthetized patients were checked as outpatients, another 40% were only examined after entering the hospital, whereas as few as 17% were not checked in the anaesthesic outpatient clinic. In patients, checked as outpatients, the period between the first day of hospitalisation and operation was evidently shorter than in patients, having been hospitalized at the time of preanaesthetic examination. This gives the opportunity to save money and beds. Furthermore, the anaesthesia outpatient clinic improves the organisation and efficiency of surgery, urology, gynecology etc., improves the relationship between patients and anaesthetists, decreases the risk of anaesthesia and operation, saves personnel and gives a qualified additional background for the purposes of graduation and student training. PMID- 717746 TI - [Effects of isovolaemic haemodilution on pulmonary gas exchange and haemodynamics (author's transl)]. AB - In experiments on 11 closed chest dogs the behaviour of pulmonary gas exchange and haemodynamics during isovolaemic haemodilution with 6% dextran was studied. The dogs were ventilated artificially (IPPB, PEEP = 0) with room air. After haemodilution a slight increase of arterial PO2 from 86 to 92 mm Hg was found. In another series of experiments an inspiratory O2-concentration of 25% was applied resulting in an increase of arterial PO2 from 106 to 113 mm Hg. In both series a decrease of alveolararterial PO2 gradients was observed. Effective pulmonary capillary blood flow varied in accordance with changes of cardiac output. Thus intrapulmonary shunt is supposed to have remained constant. The changes of pulmonary O2 diffusing capacity could be explained by the effect of haemodilution per se. At the end of the experiments ventilation was changed by adding a positive endexpiratory pressure of 8 cm H2O resulting in a decrease of arterial PO2 and a steep fall of cardiac output. In conclusion, isovolaemic haemodilution leads to only negligible variations of pulmonary gas exchange which should not be of any clinical importance. PMID- 717747 TI - [Hormonal changes during electrocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion under neuroleptanalgesia and the effects of administration of a beta blocking agent (author's transl)]. AB - Hormonal changes, occurring during electrocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion under neuroleptanalgesia, and the effects of intravenous administration of pindolol 0.4 mg on these changes were investigated in two groups of 10 and 12 patients of advanced age. At the end of the operation there were marked increases of the concentrations of catecholamines, a rise of the plasma cortisol and a fall of the serum insulin. The administration of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent did not induce any statistically significant changes of the determined hormones compared to the control group. PMID- 717748 TI - Plasma catecholamines during equipotent anaesthesia with cyclopropane and halothane-N2O in man. PMID- 717749 TI - [The effect of succinylcholine on heart rate and rhythm in children with heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 717750 TI - [The influence of enflurane on intraocular pressure (author's transl)]. AB - Various forms of inhalation anaesthesia with enflurane were carried out in 30 patients. An attempt was made to eliminate all the factors influencing the intraocular pressure (IOP), and to record the behaviour of blood pressure, pulse rate and IOP with the gradual increase of concentration of enflurane. Results are discussed and the use of the inhalation anaesthetic enflurane is recommended for intra-ocular operations. PMID- 717751 TI - [Hyperamylasaemia in patients in shock (author's transl)]. AB - In 69 patients, treated in the intensive care unit of the department of traumatology we have examined the blood amylase activity. We found, that traumatic shock produced an increase in serum-amylase. Hyperamylasaemia is strongly related to the duration of shock and is due to an increase in S-type amylase. The increase is probably caused by an increased production and not by decreased renal excretion. The mechanism of hyperamylasaemia and the source of it are discussed. PMID- 717752 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema caused by intravenous ketamine (author's transl)]. AB - Induction of anaesthesia with ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i.v. in a patient with coronary artery disease caused an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 27 to 65 mmHg, a threefold rise in pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase of the left ventricular filling pressure from 18 to 48 mmHg which was associated with arterial hypoxaemia due to pulmonary edema. Fentanyl (0.01 mg/kg i.v.) promptly reversed the systemic and pulmonary vascular effects of ketamine. PMID- 717753 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia during the 13th general anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - We report a case of malignant hyperthermia in a man of 41 years during his 13th general anaesthesia. All previous anaesthetics were quite normal. Musculoskeletal abnormalities and increased CPK-levels are to be found in some members of the patient's family. The combined use of suxamethonium and halothane might have caused the development of malignant hyperthermia. As a concept of the aetiology of the syndrome the case history indicates that it may be stress-related. PMID- 717754 TI - Embolization of detached fragments of intravenous plastic catheter. AB - Three cases of embolization by detached fragments of "Intracath" intravenous catheters are described. In two, successful surgical removal was performed, whilst in the third, due to the poor general condition of the patient, no attempt at removal was made and after long-term observation, there were no untoward side effects. PMID- 717755 TI - [Proposal for the prevention of unnecessary complications of vena cava catheterism in special cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 717756 TI - [A rare cumulation of vena cava catheter complications in the same patient]. PMID- 717757 TI - [Emergencies and danger of aspiration]. PMID- 717758 TI - [A new safe system for the prevention of peroperative hypothermia (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of our experiences and data from the literature concerning thermal injury by warming blankets in anaesthetized patients, a new and safe system for the maintenance of body temperature during the operation is described. The following advantages are emphasized: 1. Adjustable double-thermostat with audible alarm. 2. Easy-to-read control thermometer of water bath. 3. Thermal blanket water temperature cannot rise above 43 degrees C. PMID- 717759 TI - [Opinion on acupuncture as a hypalgesic and therapeutic method. Published by the scientific council of the federal medical society after preparatory work by the work group "acupuncture"]. PMID- 717760 TI - [Experiences with hyperbaric bupivacaine solutions in spinal analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - Spinalanaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.4%, 1.0%, 0.5%) was used in 713 patients having general surgical and urological operations. On average 19.30 +/- 1.55 mg bupivacaine was given and a spread of anaesthesia up to Th 7.21 +/- 1.55 achieved. Detailed evaluation of the 3rd group (0.5%) showed a latency period of 2.21 +/- 0.82 min and mean effective time of 4.33 +/- 0.75 h. The motor blockade was in 87% complete. The problem of the 0.5% solution with a specific gravity of 1.037 g/ml, which is in our opinion too high, was pointed out and a recommendation for a specific gravity of about 1.020 g/ml was given. Assuming proper positioning, spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine is a safe and simple anaesthetic method. PMID- 717761 TI - Bupivacaine in caudal anaesthesia for anal surgery. AB - A study is described of 100 consecutive patients given a caudal block for anal surgery using either 0.25% or 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline. The initial success rate was 91%, and a further 8% achieved only a unilateral block. Satisfactory anaesthesia in these cases could be achieved with either a second caudal block or unilateral infiltration of the un-anaesthetized half of the surgical field with lignocaine. Optimal anaesthesia took up to 15 minutes to develop in 90% of the patients, and 20 minutes for all patients. No serious complications were observed. Post-operative analgesia lasted between 10 and 12 h after the block and this compared favourably with the results from two small control groups given either a general anaesthetic or a lignocaine caudal block in which the patients required analgesics 2,5 and 4,5 h respectively from the start of the anaesthetic procedure. In the bupivacaine treated patients there was a significant reduction in the need for post-operative analgesics throughout the whole postoperative period. PMID- 717762 TI - [The continuous perivascular axillary plexus block in hand replantation surgery (author's transl)]. AB - A modified techniques of axillary plexus block is described which enables prolonged analgesia. The main principle of this techniques is to insert an indwelling canula into the perivascular tissue of the plexus brachialis. A cold local anaesthetic (4 degrees) is injected for controlling the canula site. The indications for this technique are all corrective and reconstructive operations of the upper extremity and the postoperative alleviation of pain. Twenty cases with different indications are discussed in this paper. No allergic, toxic or inflammatory reactions were seen in our patients. They were satisfied with this method of analgesia. The easy application, absence of time limiting factors and suitable intraoperative monitoring are the advantages of the method. PMID- 717763 TI - [Methaemoglobin-behaviour due to carticaine (= Ultracain) (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of carticaine on the formation of methaemoglobin was investigated in 22 patients undergoind spinal (n = 10) or epidural (n = 12) anaesthesia. Carticaine in a dose of 1,35 mg/kg, as used for spinal anaesthesia, did not influence the concentration of methaemoglobin. Carticaine in a dose of 5 mg/kg however, as used for epidural anaesthesia, increased the formation of methaemoglobin slightly at 30 min after injection. This increase is of little clinical importance since the upper limits of the normal range were not reached. PMID- 717764 TI - [Metabolism and distribution of bupivacaine-experiments in rats. II. Distribution and elimination (author's transl)]. AB - To avoid the influence of general anaesthetics on the functions of most organ systems, the present experiments were carried out in unanaesthetized rats. Blood concentrations in the aorta, V. portae and Vv. hepaticae as well as urinary and biliary excretions of bupivacaine were studied after either intravenous or enteral administration. From the course of the aortic bupivacaine concentrations after i.v. injection the following pharmacokinetic data were derived: t1/2 = 24,7 min; k2 = 1,467 h; V = 1,492 1. Absorption of bupivacaine from the jejunum is rapid. The hepatic clearance of bupivacaine in the rat is 12 ml/kg b.w..min-1. The biliary excretion of bupivacaine in the rat is very small; therefore the enterohepatic circulation of this substance may be considered neglible. PMID- 717765 TI - [Anaesthesia in the extremely obese patient (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reviews the literature on anaesthetic problems in extremely obese patients. The main concerns of the anaesthetist in these patients is pulmonary function, especially hypoxaemia. The pathogenesis of hypoxia is explained by an increased tendency to airway closure by the weight of fat, which compresses the thorax. The significance of the patient's position during and after operation is stressed. The Pickwick-Syndrome is extremely rare, even in large series of obese patients, but its diagnosis is important for therapeutic consequences. For anaesthesia in these patients neuroleptanaesthesia as well as classical inhalational procedures can be used. PMID- 717766 TI - [Suprapubic bladder drainage in the surgical patient (author's transl)]. AB - Suprapubic bladder drainage is today a safe method of urine deviation. Outflow obstruction after lesions or operations in the uro-genitary system is the main indication for suprapubic drainage. The best indications therefore exist in urological and gynaecological patients. We used suprapubic bladder drainage in 20 patients after general surgery, applying a catheter set (Cystofix) with removable split cannula. There were no serious complications. Urine cultures in 6 patients controlled 6 days after insertion of the catheter were negative. Suprapubic bladder drainage using suitable catheter sets, can be recommended in patients without outflow obstruction, especially in intensive care. PMID- 717767 TI - The air we breathe. PMID- 717768 TI - Gas identity hazards and major contamination of the medical gas system of a new hospital. AB - During commissioning of the medical gas system of a new hospital, fourteen connection defects were found; six of these were potentially lethal cross connections. A major contaminant was also detected throughout the medical gas system. The methods of testing a new medical gas system described in this report highlight the need for up-grading of existing standards. PMID- 717769 TI - Altered drug metabolism in anaesthetists exposed to volatile anaesthetic agents. AB - Antipyrine kinetics were measured on saliva in eight anaesthetists during a period when they were giving general anaesthetics and a period when they were working exclusively in intensive care. During the anaesthesia period there was a reduction in antipyrine half-life and the clearance of antipyrine increased. Analysis of the data in groups failed to detect these changes because of the wide variation in metabolism between subjects. Exposure to anaesthetic agents under non-scavenging operating theatre conditions appears to enhance hepatic metabolism. PMID- 717770 TI - Intravenous ketamine anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery--an assessment of a technique and the influence of ataractic drugs on the psychomimetic effects of ketamine. AB - Eighty-two patients presenting for major abdominal surgery were divided into five groups, and received intravenous ketamine, muscle relaxation and controlled ventilation with oxygen-enriched air. For maintenance of anaesthesia patients were given a single intravenous dose of either droperidol 5 mg, diazepam 5 mg, promethazine 25 mg, flunitrazepam 0.5 mg or lorazepam 2 mg, followed by incremental doses of ketamine. Flunitrazepam and lorazepam were the adjuvants associated with the lowest incidence of dreaming and emergence phenomena; postanaesthetic sequelae occurred most frequently with both ketamine/diazepam and ketamine/droperidol anaesthesia. However, the differences between the five groups failed to reach statistical significance. PMID- 717771 TI - The peripheral pulse monitor--a review of electrical plethysmography. PMID- 717772 TI - The contrasting effects of enflurane on transplacental exchange after methohexitone and ketamine induction of anaesthesia for caesarean section. AB - Supplementation of general anaesthesia with enflurane 0.6% before delivery of the foetus by elective Caesarean section, produced contrasting effects after methohexitone and ketamine administration. Enflurane, an inhalational agent causing vasodilation and uterine relaxation, enhanced maternal to foetal transplacental exchange following methohexitone induction of narcosis. This beneficial effect of the volatile agent was not seen after ketamine, a vasoconstrictor drug which stimulates myometrial contraction. PMID- 717773 TI - Local anaesthetic plasma levels in children. AB - Blood levels of lignocaine and bupivacaine were measured in children following caudal, subcutaneous and tracheal administration. The highest peak levels were in children under 3 years following tracheal spray but all blood levels were below accepted toxic adult levels for anaesthetised patients. No toxic manifestations were seen. PMID- 717774 TI - Chlormethiazole (Hemineurin) infusion as supplemental sedation during epidural block. PMID- 717775 TI - Continuous lumbar plexus block--analgesia for femoral neck fractures. AB - In a series of 21 patients with fractures of the neck of the femur, continuous lumbar plexus block provided effective pain relief in 17 cases. The technique for continuous lumbar plexus block is described. The technique has advantages over conventional methods of analgesia. PMID- 717776 TI - A new polyvinyl chloride coil with improved performance for blood warming. AB - A new polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coil has been tested. The thinner walls give a better heat transfer so that an output temperature of 32.7 degrees occurs at 150 ml/min under test. This is higher than any PVC coil previously tested. Suggestions are made about methods of further improving the performance. PMID- 717777 TI - An epidural anaesthetic with unusual complications. AB - Respiratory paralysis and prolonged duration of anaesthesia followed lumbar epidural block with bupivacaine. Subdural, extra arachnoid block is postulated. PMID- 717778 TI - Bronchopulmonary lavage in alveolar microlithiasis. PMID- 717779 TI - Valve faults. PMID- 717780 TI - Anaphylactic reactions to gallamine. PMID- 717781 TI - Repetitive determinations of amylase, maltose, sucrose, and lactose by sample injection in closed flow-through systems. PMID- 717782 TI - Unexpectedly rapid esterification of nitrite applied to the determination of nitrite in water. PMID- 717783 TI - Drug analysis by continuously monitored liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. PMID- 717784 TI - Automated digestion and extraction apparatus for use in the determination of trace metals in foodstuffs. PMID- 717785 TI - Determination of lead in atmospheric particulates using an automated atomic absorption spectrophotometric system with electrothermal atomisation. PMID- 717786 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine in combination. PMID- 717787 TI - Fluorescence properties of metoclopramide and its determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms. PMID- 717788 TI - Microbiological determination of zinc bacitracin in animal feedingstuffs. PMID- 717789 TI - Determination of theophylline in plasma: comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique. PMID- 717790 TI - Quantitative determination of steroids in semi-solid pharmaceutical preparations by using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 717791 TI - Determination by gas chromatography - single-ion monitoring mass spectrometry of phthalate contaminants in intravenous solutions stored in PVC bags. PMID- 717792 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic behaviour of barbiturates under various conditions. PMID- 717793 TI - [Vascularization and glial structures of the area postrema in sheep (Ovis aries) (author's transl)]. AB - The area postrema of the sheep (Ovis aries) reveals the typical position and structure as seen in the domestic animals. The fetal development of the organ concerning especially the vascularization does not give any reference to a phylogenetic connection with the area postrema of birds. The glial border of the organ ist strikingly marked by the funiculus separans, which seems to be lacking in other domestic animals. PMID- 717794 TI - [On the reaction of the sense cells in the cristae ampullares to experimental loads in guinea pigs (author's transl)]. AB - The different experimental tests brought the explanation about the ampullae sensory epithelium. It was shown that the transmission of impulses by the peripheral sensory cells can lead to swelling as well as to shrinkage of their nuclei. The spicific stimulus for the semicircular canals is the angular acceleration as well as lateral pendular movement. We managed, however, to proove by single semicircular canal, also by linear acceleration a certain transmission of stimuli. The higher the movement frequency, the larger is the volume variations of the sensory nuclei. The cells of the upper and the lateral semicircular canals response to a lateral right-left-deviations with a considerable increase of their nuclear volume. Excluse of a left rotation the sensory cells of all ampullae of the right side react with an increase of their nuclear volume. On the contrary those of the left side react with a decrease of their nuclear volume. Only the upper ampulla respond to a forwards-backwards movement, also to a vertical dropmovement with a slight swelling of their sensory nuclei. All ampullae of both petrous bones reactet to alternating right-left rotation with a shrinkage of their nuclei. Further more we succeded in recording certain structure and form variation in the claimed sensory cells. More experiments on the cells give rise to nuclear pyknosis. The cytoplasme of the cell body participates also in the process of recharging and decharging of the action potential. PMID- 717795 TI - Discovery of a variant in the region of the adductor magnus and the short head of the biceps femoris. AB - As a variant between the adductor magnus and the short head of the biceps femoris a small, triangular, flat muscle is described. Its fasciculi originate from both muscles and its long, thin tendon lying between the popliteal vessels and the sciatic nerve runs into the tendon of the adductor magnus inserting into the adductor tubercle. PMID- 717796 TI - Formation of apical pseudopods by canine thyroid follicular cells: induction by thyrotropin and 5-hydroxytryptamine; antagonism by reserpine. AB - The role of biogenic amines in the activation of thyroid follicular cells by thyrotropin (TSH) was studied. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was chosen as the amine to study and apical pseudopod formation, assessed by scanning electron microscopy, was used as the index of follicular cell activation. All experiments were done on dogs. TSH and 5-HT were both potent inducers of pseudopod formation. The action of TSH but not that of 5-HT was antagonized by the amine depleting drug reserpine. Reserpine depleted the thyroid of 5-HT in newborn, adolescent, and adult dogs. It is concluded that one or more biogenic amines, such as 5-HT, are probably involved in follicular cell activation by TSH. PMID- 717797 TI - Epithelial influences on membrane bone formation in the maxilla of the embryonic chick. PMID- 717798 TI - Site of iodination in rat mammary gland. AB - The ability of the mammary gland to take up and organically bind radioiodide was studied in non-pregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats. Autoradiography was used to determine whether duct cells or alveolar cells are responsible for iodination in the rat mammary gland. Iodination was not detected in mammary glands from non pregnant rats, but occurred late in the twelfth day of gestation and continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. Protein-containing vacuoles in alveolar cells and casein-like proteins in milk were the major sites where iodination occurred within the gland. Milk proteins in the lumens of ductules adjacent to alveoli were also iodinated. In contrast, ducts, myoepithelial cells, fat cells, blood vessels and other histological components of the gland did not show iodinating capability. Cytochemistry was also used to identify endogenous mammary peroxidase activity in the same glands, and it was found that the presence and location of this enzyme was correlated with the ability to iodinate. PMID- 717799 TI - Filtration of circulating particles by splenic autotransplants. AB - To determine whether filtration in reconstituted perifollicular marginal zones underlies particle sequestration in regenerating spleen transplants, the distribution of IV injected particles of tantalum was examined in autografts freely transplanted into subcutaneous pouches in rats. In two to six weeks old autografts removed one to three hours after particle injection, the reconstituted marginal zones contained practically all of the sequestered tantalum. At 48 hours to 20 weeks following injection, marginal zones were largely free of particles which were distributed extracellularly throughout the red pulp. This sequential pattern of distribution conformed closely to that observed in the intact spleen. The findings indicate that a reconstituted marginal zone allows splenic autotransplants to function as simple mechanical filters. Increased demand for this activity rather than for phagocytosis may be the predominant factor regulating spleen growth. PMID- 717800 TI - Rod-shaped particles in the plasma membrane of the mitochondria-rich cell of amphibian epidermis. AB - A freeze-fracture study has revealed rod-shaped intramembranous particles on the plasma membrane P-face (cytoplasmic leaflet) of the mitochondria-rich cell (or flask cell) of Xenopus laevis and Rana ridibunda epidermis. Such particles have previously been found in all other mitochondria rich cells examined by this technique, namely, the MR-cell of toad bladder epithelium, the dark cell of rat kidney collecting tubule, and the flask cell of Xenopus kidney collecting tubule. These particles are assumed, therefore, to be closely connected with the function of this cell type. PMID- 717801 TI - A quantitative analysis of hepatic ultrastructure in rats during enhanced bile secretion. AB - The ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes of rats subjected to selective biliary obstruction (SBO), wherein the biliary system draining approximately two-thirds of the liver is obstructed, were evaluated by quantitative electron microscopy or stereology. The remaining unobstructed portion of the organ compensates for this loss of bile secretion by functioning in a hypersecretory mode. This animal model permits the comparison of hepatocellular fine structure associated with the conditions of nonsecretion and hypersecretion of bile with that found in normal secreting sham-operated rats. Since recent evidence suggests the presence of lobular gradients in hepatic structure and function, both centrolobular and periportal hepatocytes were examined. The low incidence of Golgi membrane profiles in high magnification electron micrographs results in a low confidence level of sampling and, thus, necessitates the application of a novel parameter for estimating the amount of Golgi complex, i.e., the Golgi-rich area. For the most part, the lobular variation in hepatic fine structure in the sham-operated animals was similar to that described by Loud ('68). However, the periportal parenchyma contained approximately twice the volume of Golgi-rich area as the centrolobular tissue. The amount of cytoplasmic lipid increased significantly in the SBO unobstructed lobes, although there were few or no changes in the other intracellular organelles or inclusions except those related to the Golgi complex. The volume of Golgi-rich area increased significantly in the centrolobular tissue of the SBO unobstructed (hypersecretory) lobes to the extent that both intralobular zones contained similar amounts of this component. These data suggest that the Golgi complex is a dynamic unit which responds to changes in hepatocellular activity and may be involved in bile secretion. PMID- 717802 TI - Effects of complete tail bud extirpation on early development of the posterior region of the chick embryo. PMID- 717803 TI - Orthogonal arrays of particles in plasma membranes of the gastric parietal cell. AB - Freeze-fracture of rat gastric mucosa revealed a specific set of intramembranous particles in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells. The particles were small and of square shape and formed orthogonal arrays in the P-face with corresponding orthogonal arrays of pits in the E-face. Arrays, scattered among usual globular particles, were particularly numerous at the basal pole of the cell and less concentrated on the lateral side. They were not present in the apical microvillar membrane nor in the membranes of intracellular tubulovesicles. As in other cell types in which similar arrays were described previously (e.g., astrocytes, "light" cells of the kidney collecting tubule), their presence in parietal cell membranes suggest some specialized function of these membranes not shared by plasma membranes showing only a population of globular particles. This function has yet to be identified. PMID- 717804 TI - The site of collagen resorption in the periodontal ligament of the rodent molar. AB - In an attempt to determine the pattern of collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament, a stereologic investigation of the mesial root of the maxillary first molar of the rat was undertaken. The distribution of fibroblasts containing intracellular collagen fibrils was studied at the electron microscope level in the periodontal ligament along resorbing and non-resorbing surfaces of the alveolar wall. It appeared that fibroblasts with collagen-containing vacuoles were more or less randomly distributed across the width of the periodontal ligament. No major differences were observed among the alveolar, cemental and intermediate zones of the ligament. However, local variations in the occurrence of cells containing intracellular collagen fibrils may occur. A relatively high concentration of ingested collagen fibrils was seen in fibroblasts located in the direct vicinity of osteoclasts, but not in the vicinity of osteoblasts. These observations suggest that remodelling of collagen is evenly distributed throughout the ligament, but may be influenced by local circumstances, such as the occurrence of bone resorption. PMID- 717805 TI - Identity of a population of progenitor cells in gingival connective tissue of the mouse incisor. AB - In the gingiva of the mouse incisor, connective tissue cells were observed which were undergoing mitosis and contained collagen fibrils enclosed in vacuoles in their cytoplasm. The presence of intracellular collagen was noted in the majority of the dividing cells. On the basis of this observation it is suggested that renewal of the fibroblast population in the gingiva occurs preferentially by division of differentiated fibroblasts rather than by division of cells with a lower degree of differentiation. PMID- 717806 TI - [Isolation and analysis of glycolipids from human semen]. AB - Glycolipids from human semen of two different diagnoses were separated from a total lipid extract by silicic acid column chromatography. Fatty acids and carbohydrates were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Quantitative differences in the fatty acid and carbohydrate contents were found between the two diagnose groups. PMID- 717807 TI - Monosaccharide transport across membranes of human spermatozoa. II. Basic properties of D-fructose and D-glucose uptake. AB - D-glucose uptake by human spermatozoa shows like D-fructose uptake a hyperbolic kinetic. The affinities to the transport system are similar, but the maximal capacity of D-glucose transport is greater than the D-fructose transport. Both transport processes are inhibited by monoiodoacetate. Therefore these transports can be regarded as carrier-mediated active transports. The D-glucose transport moreover is inhibitable by ouabain and is influenced by extracellular Na+. These differences could be the expression that for both monosaccharides different transport systems exist. But the dependence of D-glucose and D-fructose uptake on the extracellular D-fructose-D-glucose-relation permits the conclusion that both systems interact with another. PMID- 717808 TI - Effect of testosterone on development of the lumen in seminiferous tubules of the rat. AB - Although systemically administered testosterone can effect the postnatal maturation of elements in the seminiferous tubule in hypophysectomized rats and mice, it does not elicit the same degree of development which occurs in normal control animals. In view of reports of precocious spermatogenesis in androgen secreting Leydig cell tumors, the present study was designed to determine if high local levels of testosterone accelerate development of the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone pellets were inserted under the tunica albuginea of the right testis of 7 day old rats. At 17, 23 and 28 days of age development of the seminiferous tubules, as judged by the formation of tubule lumens, was more extensive in the treated testes than in contralateral and sham operated controls. Tubule diameters were not necessarily correlated with lumen formation. This study demonstrates that high local levels of testosterone accelerate seminiferous tubule development in the rat and indicates that tubule diameter may not be a valid basis for estimating development of the testis. It is suggested that testosterone exerts this effect through its actions on the Sertoli cells. PMID- 717809 TI - The effects of mesterolone on the male accessory sex organs, on spermiogram, plasma testosterone and FSH. AB - 42 subfertile male ambulatory patients were treated with Proviron. Moderate oligoastheno-teratozoospermia was the most common injury in sperm analysis. The treatment did not change the amount of plasma FSH, testosterone or prostate phosphatase. Acid phosphatase and citric acid of semen showed an increased activity with mesterolone treatment. The amount of fructose decreased, it is probably due to the increased number of spermatozoa, which need more fructose for their metabolism respectively. The sperm of 93% of the patients improved or stayed unchanged. 30% of the patients developed normozoospermia. 6 pregnancies were achieved. PMID- 717810 TI - [Light and electron microscope studies of the morphology of A spermatogonia in men with normal spermatogenesis and in patients treated with antiandrogens]. AB - Based on cytological criteria, three types of A-Spermatogonia may be distinguished in the germinal epithelium of normal men. Cells belonging to Type I conform to A pale spermatogonia and those classified as Type II conform to A dark spermatogonia according to Clermont ()963). Type III-spermatogonia do not meet the criteria set up by Clermont. Quantitative analysis of the germinal epithelium of two normal men indicates that 50% of the A-spermatogonia may be classified as Type I, 20% as Type II and 30% as Type III-spermatogonia. Type II-spermatogonia appear preferentially reduced in men treated with antiandrogens. In one of the two cases, Type I-spermatogonia were found to have increased to as much as 88%. At the same time, Type III-spermatogonia appeared to have decreased to 12%. Thus, Type II-cells were eliminated from the germinal epithelium. Long-term treatment with antiandrogens also altered the morphology of organelles in the spermatogonia. Based on these findings, a new concept concerning the sequence of events in the spermatogoniogenesis is advanced. PMID- 717811 TI - Seminal vesicles and its importance in the regulation of male fertility. AB - During experimental studies on the physiological significance of accessory sex glands, it was documented that excision of prostate in rats did not affect fecundity; conversely, surgical removal of seminal vesicles or its plasma consistently made the animals infertile. However, fertility of the plasma-removed animals was found to return to normalcy after 3 weeks following the surgical manipulation. Human chorionic gonadotropin or testosterone treatment starting immediately after surgical manipulation of the vesicular plasma retained fertility throughout the test period. The importance of seminal vesicular plasma in terms of male fertility has been discussed. PMID- 717812 TI - Levamisole in the treatment of chronic urogenital infections. PMID- 717813 TI - Reifenstein's syndrome--a target cell failure. AB - The features of Reifenstein's Syndrome comprise hypospadias, microtestes, gynecomastia, azoospermia and elevated gonadotropins. The disease is inherited as either a male limited autosomal dominant or as a X-linked recessive trait and affects only genetic males. A case is reported suffering from this condition. Pituitary function was evaluated using the GnRH-test and appeared to be normal. Prolactin and testosterone values were in the normal range. The patient was a phenotype male and sexual function was satisfactory. Primary tubular failure resulting in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was diagnosed. No other relatives were found to be affected. The syndrome seems to be due to relative insensitivity of Leydig cells to androgens. PMID- 717814 TI - Effects of FSH and LH administration on the testes and seminal vesicles. AB - Weight increases in the testes of pre-pubertal rodents when FSH was administered were revealed by histological observations to be a result of seminiferous tubule lengthening. LH administration effected a sex accessory gland weight increase (seminal vesicles) but there were no apparent testicular effects. The serum androgen level, in response to increased LH administration, showed a continuous decrease in concentration although there was a significant seminal vesicle weight increase. The evidence presented in this paper leads us to postulate that LH has a sensitizing effect on androgen dependent tissues in the pre-pubertal rodent. PMID- 717815 TI - Evaluation of sperm counts and total sperm counts in 2543 men requesting vasectomy. AB - Semen analyses were performed on semen specimens from 2543 men requesting vasectomy at Planned Parenthood of Houston and the results were compared to earlier reports of semen analyses in allegedly fertile men. The comparisons suggest that mean sperm counts and mean total sperm counts are significantly lower than those reported in 1951. Furthermore, a shifting pattern of frequency distribution of sperm counts and total sperm counts was noted. Greater percentages of men with sperm counts 20 million/ml and total sperm counts below 100 million/ejaculate were found in the present report and other recent reports than had been noted in 1951. These data suggest that standards of male infertility proposed in 1951 are no longer applicable. PMID- 717816 TI - [Andrologic study in immunosuppressive treatment of chronic aggressive hepatitis]. AB - By andrological and internal investigations in men with chronic aggressive hepatitis the problem is discussed, whether the therapy with Azathioprin can cause damage of the exogenous function of the testes. It would be demonstrated that within an observation time of 1720 days there have not been determined alterations of consistency and volume of the testes, sperm density and motility of spermatozoa, when the maximum of the daily dose was not more than 150 mg. Depending on the individual dose the morphology shows more pathological spermatozoa, but a direct and regular dependence could not be found. The density of spermatozoa did never decrease below values of 40 mill./ml. These results do not allow the suggestion that this cytostaticum is absolutely harmless. The main duty will always be to observe each patient currently and during a long period. PMID- 717817 TI - Clinical report about some cases with retrograde ejaculation. AB - The incidence of retrograde ejaculation may be expected to increase by factors as a higher incidence of vascular- and colon-surgery, the increase of road accidents with as a result transversal lesions as well as the increased use of medicines particularly hypotensive drugs. After some remarks about the mechanism of ejaculation and the closing mechanism of the sphincter internus, some cases histories are dealt with. After these case-histories, a survey is given about the etiology of the retrograde ejaculation. Finally some possibilities in treating this disorder are given, such as intravaginal deposit of urine after intercourse and the administration of a drug, called phenylpropanolamine, a so-called a sympathicomimetic. PMID- 717818 TI - The occurrence of simple and mixed fungal infections in patients at the department of andrology/Hamburg (1972--1976). AB - Skin scales from 228 patients, referred to the Department of Andrology at the University of Hamburg during 1972--76, were examined mycologically, because of being suspect of mycotic infections. In 54 cases dermatophytes were isolated, and yeasts were found in 13 cases. Nocardia minutissima and Malassezia furfur were present in 138 and 25 cases, respectively. In 12 patients, mixed infections were diagnosed; the infective organisms were yeasts in 46.2% of the cases, dermatophytes in 11.1%, and Malassezia furfur was represented in 8%. The infections were localized in the inguinal region in 208 patients. PMID- 717819 TI - [Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids of human semen]. AB - The fatty acid composition of neutral lipids of human semen was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the fatty acid contents were not found between pooled semen from oligozoospermic and astheno- or teratozoospermic patients. The neutral lipids contained relatively high proportions of unsaturated acids. PMID- 717820 TI - The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the testicular biopsy. AB - The authors present the histological features of the testes in 1,609 cases of male sterility. In 485 cases (30.1%), histological changes were found, which did not warrant treatment. The histologic pattern of the testes was normal in only 39% of the cases of azoospermia; and only these patients were qualified for surgery, consisting of vasoepididymoanastomosis. Degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules were observed in the patients with azoospermia, oligozoospermia and varicocele in 39.9%, 25.8% and 17.2% of cases, respectively. PMID- 717821 TI - [The importance of rhodanide in the diagnosis of fertility disorders. I. Determination of rhodanide and its normal values in blood serum and ejaculate]. PMID- 717822 TI - Screening for infertility in Indonesia. Results of examination of 863 infertile couples. AB - During a five-year study, 863 infertile couples were examined by a quite simple screening procedure, adapted to the facilities or a rural hospital. Tubal obstruction, with an incidence of 45.4% appeared to be the most prominent cause of infertility. The second most important factor was poor semen quality, which accounted for 32.4%. Azoospermia was found in 12% of all semen samples, and a sperm count below 5 million/ml in 8.7%. Disturbances in ovulation were responsible for 13% of the infertility. Comparison of the causes of primary and secondary infertility demonstrated the greater role played by the semen factor in primary infertility and of the tubal factor in secondary infertility. Accordingly, the female-male ratio in secondary infertility was much higher than in primary infertility. PMID- 717823 TI - [Value of electroencephalographic surveillance during prolonged respiratory assistance with membrane oxygenators]. PMID- 717824 TI - [Respiratory failure during fat embolism. 52 cases]. PMID- 717825 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders in fat embolism]. PMID- 717826 TI - [Value of the study of serum lipids in the diagnosis of fat embolism]. PMID- 717828 TI - [Treatment of facial neuralgias: retrogasserian thermocoagulation under iterative discontinuous narcosis with propanidid]. AB - Coagulation of the Gasserian ganglian is currently recommended in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia due to the slight risks that it presents. It is accompanied by brief but intense periods of pain which necessitate the need of an Anaesthetist. As well as we have been able to verify in the course of sixty-two of these procedures, a discontinuous narcosis obtained by reiterated injections of propanidid presents a satisfying solution. It permits the neurological examinations, which need absolute cooperation of the patient, before each new coagulation to be accomplished in good conditions. PMID- 717827 TI - [Value of determining trace elements in septicemia. Clinical correlations, prognostic value]. AB - Among 17 septicemic patients, a statistically decrease of seric oligo-elements is demonstrated. The longitudinal study shows the rapid correction of these perturbations in the surviving group and the lack of correction among the non survivors. The level of phosphorus is the most interesting one. The importance of S.R.E. activity is probably the physiopathologic support of seric oligo-element modifications in sepsis. PMID- 717829 TI - [Use of sodium nitroprusside. Comments on blood pressure measurements]. PMID- 717830 TI - [Our experience with ketamine in burn patients. Blood gas analysis]. PMID- 717831 TI - [Prolonged anesthesia in cervicofacial surgery]. PMID- 717832 TI - [Technic of epidural injection]. PMID- 717833 TI - Cerebral arteritis. Angiographic and pathologic study. PMID- 717834 TI - Calf blood flow and ankle systolic blood pressure in intermittent claudication monitored over five years. AB - The response of calf blood flow and ankle blood pressure to 2 minutes of ischemic exercise were recorded every 6 months over a 5-year period in 9 patients with intermittent claudication who were treated conservatively on a regime including alpha tocopherol. No statistically significant change was noted in the pattern of the calf blood flow response over this period. Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) increases in resting and minimal postexercise ankle systolic pressures were partially attributable to a concomitant increase in central arterial pressure as indicated by brachial systolic pressure. Results from 18 patients over 1 year and from 14 patients over 2 years are consistent with these findings. The evidence presented suggests that the arterial disease process was stable over this period. PMID- 717835 TI - Thrombectomy and thrombolysis--therapeutic alternatives? PMID- 717837 TI - Complete heart block complicating acute myocardial infarction. AB - Complete heart block (CHB) developed in 10.3% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). It was more frequent among patients with inferior myocardial infarction compared to anterior myocardial infarction, but the mortality was significantly high among patients with anterior MI who developed CHB. A new classification into primary (P) and secondary (S) CHB is suggested by the sequence of events. The incidence and mortality of SCHB was significantly high when compared to the incidence and mortality of PCHB. Wide QRS complexes, a heart rate of less than 60/min, and syncopal attacks were the grave prognostic signs. Progression from a lesser degree of AV block and regression of CHB to a lesser degree of AV Block were both observed in 25.8% cases. Circulatory failure in the form of shock, hypotension, congestive heart failure, and left ventricular failure, alone or in combination was a factor in 17 of the 22 patients who died. Four of 5 patients who underwent transvenous pacing also died. PMID- 717836 TI - Vascular reconstruction in the diabetic patient. PMID- 717838 TI - Uremic cardiomyopathy in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 717839 TI - Effect of manual lymph drainage massage on urinary excretion of neurohormones and minerals in chronic lymphedema. AB - Treatment of 29 cases of chronic lymphedema of various origins, mostly of the lower limbs, by manual lymph drainage massage resulted in significant changes of neurohormone excretion in the urine, whereas the secretion of 17-KS, thyroxine, minerals, and creatinine was not significantly changed. Comparison of the values of urinalysis before and after manual lymph drainage of the patients showed the following changes: 17-KS; -3.5% (non significant); 17-OH: -31% (significant); adrenaline: +50% (significant); noradrenaline: +19% (significant); serotonin: 22% (significant); 5-HIAA: +21% (significant); histamine: +129% (highly significant); thyroxine: -17% (nonsignificant); creatinine: -17% (nonsignificant); sodium: -1% (nonsignificant); potassium: -14% (nonsignificant). The corresponding values for ten controls were all non significant. These findings underline the importance of adrenaline and noradrenaline release by manual lymph drainage, which improves circulation. On the other hand, our results indicate the involvement of histamine and perhaps of serotonin in lymphedema formation, and suggest a combination of manual lymph drainage massage with antihistamine and antiserotonin treatment. PMID- 717840 TI - Ischemia of toes as a presenting symptom in primary thrombosis: a case report. AB - Although thrombotic occlusion of small vessels in thrombocytosis is allegedly well recognized, it has been reported only rarely. We treated 4 patients with primary thrombocytosis in whom ischemic toe lesions with normal peripheral pulses were the presenting and only symptoms. The symptoms preceded diagnosis by 5 years, 3 years, 1 year, and 1 month respectively. Treatment of the hematologic disorder resulted in disappearance of the toe lesions. Thrombocytosis should be routinely searched for in patients with ischemic toes and normal peripheral pulses. PMID- 717841 TI - Polymorphic post-albumin of cattle and horse plasma identified as vitamin D binding protein (Gc protein). AB - Cattle and horse plasma samples of known post-albumin types were radiolabelled with 14C-vitamin D3. These samples were then analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography. The patterns observed were identical to those of post-albumin variants. The polymorphic post-albumin protein of cattle and horse was thus identified as the vitamin D binding protein and homologous to the Gc protein of human plasma. PMID- 717842 TI - Presence of horse blood group antigens in the major glycoprotein fraction of the erythrocyte membrane. AB - The aqueous phase of the chloroform/methanol extract of the horse erythrocyte membrane contained the blood group activities Ad, Dc or Dd. The factors Ad and Dc could be separated by gel filtration. PMID- 717843 TI - Red cell associated antigens of the B blood group system on bovine and sheep lymphocytes. PMID- 717844 TI - Polymorphism of vitamin B12[57Co] binding proteins in rabbit serum. AB - When rabbit serum labelled with vitamin B12[57Co] was subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, three phenotypes of proteins capable of binding vitamin B12 were observed. Family data revealed that these phenotypes (called TC-A, TC-AB and TC-B) are controlled by two codominant alleles (TCA and TCB), at an autosomic locus. PMID- 717845 TI - A note on deviation from Hardy-Weinberg proportions due to differences in gene frequencies between parental males and females. PMID- 717846 TI - Albumin polymorphism in the feral donkey of Death Valley National Monument, California. AB - Evidence is presented for the occurrence of a second allele in the albumin system of the donkey (Equus asinus). Samples were collected from 127 feral donkeys in four locations within the Panamint Mountains of Death Valley National Monument, California. A common phenotype, electrophoretically characterized by a single band, was recorded from all four locations. A rare, double-band phenotype was recorded from two locations. PMID- 717847 TI - Near-fatal and fatal anaphylactic reactions to insect sting. AB - Two patients experienced anaphylactic reaction to insect stings, with residual encephalopathy. One patient had anaphylaxis despite hyposensitization with whole body extracts, thus supporting recent reports that reliable protection cannot be achieved unless pure venom is used. The other patient had pathologic confirmation of anoxic encephalopathy, thus supporting the concept that encephalopathy with anaphylaxis is secondary to associated circulatory collapse rather than a primary allergic response of brain disease. PMID- 717849 TI - Dermatophagoides farinae antigen skin test sensitivity in Wisconsin. AB - Fifty consecutive patients with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis in Madison. Wisconsin, were tested intradermally with a house dust extract (1:100) and with a Dermatophagoides farinae antigen (1:2000). The close relationship between the two skin test results (mite and house dust) suggests that both contain the same cross reacting antigens and that mites make a major contribution to the antigens in house dust in Wisconsin. PMID- 717848 TI - Honey bee venom allergy immunological studies of systemic and large local reactions. AB - The IgE and IgG antibody responses to four allergen fractions of honey bee venom were studied in 13 sera from patients who experienced systemic reactions from bee stings and eight from those who experienced large locals. Both groups were similar in allergen response. IgE and IgG levels and ratios. A significant number of patients were found to have experienced both types of reactions from bee stings. It is proposed that IgE antibody positive systemic and large local reactions are both IgE mediated allergic reactions. The determining factors for reaction type include venom dose and sting site. PMID- 717850 TI - Pharmacokinetics of delayed (DR) versus sustained release (SR) theophylline formulations following single (SD) and repetitive dosing (RD). AB - The present study compares the pharmacokinetic characteristics of equivalent theophylline doses of a delayed release formulation of oxtriphylline and a sustained release formulation given as single or six hourly repetitive dosings in six adult asthmatics. Both formulations maintained serum theophylline levels within therapeutic range for eight hours following six hourly repetitive dosings. The same dose of theophylline given as a single dose or after reaching steady states does not produce comparable serum levels. Effective and safe theophylline therapy in the management of chronic asthma not only requires frequent monitoring of serum theophylline levels but also requires clear understanding of the formulation used, the time and the clinical condition under which sampling is done. PMID- 717851 TI - Three-year evaluation of biofeedback techniques in the treatment of children with chronic asthma in a summer camp environment. AB - Systematic biofeedback techniques were applied and evaluated in the treatment of chronic bronchial asthma in a summer camp environment during three consecutive summers--1974, 1975 and 1976. From this three-year study the investigators have concluded that biofeedback mediated muscle relaxation training can be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of bronchial asthma. PMID- 717852 TI - Isolated IgA deficiency associated with upper airway obstruction, sleep dysrhythmia and failure to thrive: a case report. PMID- 717853 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis and amyloidosis in an asthmatic patient. PMID- 717854 TI - Hops allergy and terpene sensitivity: an occupational disease. PMID- 717855 TI - Concerning seminal plasma allergy. PMID- 717856 TI - Intolerance to the yellow dyes (FD&C5 and FD&C6) PMID- 717857 TI - The apparent source resistance of heart and muscle. PMID- 717858 TI - A precision measure of anatomic dead space: theory. PMID- 717859 TI - Carbon dioxide transfer in a membrane blood oxygenator. PMID- 717860 TI - Effect of shear rate on activation rate of factor X. PMID- 717861 TI - Renal perfusion dynamics during preservation. PMID- 717862 TI - Preprocessing by factor analysis of centro-occipital EEG power and asymmetry from three suject groups. PMID- 717863 TI - Electrotactile two point discrimination as a function of frequency, pulse width and pulse time delay. PMID- 717864 TI - Modeling and moments of multibreath lung washout. PMID- 717865 TI - Minimization of the vertical vibrations sustained by a tractor operator, by provision of a standard-type tractor seat suspension. PMID- 717866 TI - Spectral analysis of the high-frequency electrocardiogram in contusive myocardial injury. PMID- 717867 TI - Simple system for analog data transmission from the physiological research laboratory to a digital computer. PMID- 717868 TI - Interaction of collagen and smooth muscle cells in aortic biomechanics. PMID- 717870 TI - Ultrastructural morphogenesis of acute viral pneumonia produced by feline calicivirus. AB - The ultrastructural morphogenesis of acute viral pneumonia was studied in pathogen-free cats exposed to aerosols of a virulent strain of feline calicivirus. Electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy indicated that the virus had a marked tropism for alveolar pneumocytes. Viral-induced necrosis of pneumocytes was observed as early as 12 hours after exposure and was associated with acute serofibrinous and neutrophilic inflammation in the distal air exchange tissue. The acute exudative phase abated by 168 hours after exposure. The regenerative phase that followed was characterized by hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes; influx of monocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells; and interalveolar and intraalveolar proliferation of fibroblasts. The decrease in pneumocyte injury coincided with the increase in alveolar macrophages and immunocytes. With minor exceptions, feline calicivirus-induced alveolar damage and the subsequent repair resembled toxic alveolar injury produced by oxidant gases. Feline caliciviral pneumonia, therefore, is a naturally occurring example of viral-induced diffuse alveolar damage. PMID- 717869 TI - Ti as an anode and as a container for the heart pacemaker--an accelerated test. PMID- 717871 TI - Midline myelotomy of the clinically normal canine spinal cord. AB - Clinically normal dogs underwent dorsal laminectomy, durotomy, and full-thickness midline myelotomy between either the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae or the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae. The myelotomy was 1 1/2 vertebral bodies long and was performed with a microbalance spatula. Neurologic and histopathologic changes were recorded. Full-thickness midline myelotomy done by this technique was found to cause severe necrosis of spinal gray matter. PMID- 717872 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of normal and abnormal valvular function in Beagle dogs. AB - Echocardiograms were obtained from 5 young Beagles (4 to 5 years of age) and from 4 old Beagles (12 to 14 years of age). Ultrasound surface transducers and esophageal transducers were used on all animals during anesthesia. Triplicate studies were performed on the 5 young Beagles over a 2-week period. The left atrioventricular valve and aortic root were identified by both procedures, whereas the right atrioventricular valve dynamics could be viewed with difficulty by the transcutaneous approach. Suitable recordings of the pulmonary valve were not obtainable with either technique. Abnormal left atrioventricular valve dynamics, characterized by a decreased closing velocity of the left atrioventricular septal cusp and increased valve thickness, were observed in 2 of the 4 aged dogs, using echocardiography. Excellent correlation between the 2 methods was evident, and minimal variation in results from one recording session to another occurred. PMID- 717873 TI - Cell-mediated immune responses in swine from a herd infected with Brucella suis. AB - Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in swine naturally infected with Brucella suis biotype 3, swine suckling an infected sow and Brucella-noninfected swine were studied by an in vitro lymphocyte transformation procedure. The antigen used was a soluble antigen prepared from killed cells of B suis biotype 3. Lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral swine blood by the Ficoll-Hypaque technique, suspended in RPMI-1640 medium (1.5 X 10(6) lymphocytes/ml), cultured with B suis soluble antigen or concanconcanavalin A, and incubated for 6 days. Sixteen hours prior to termination of incubation, cultures were labeled with 1 muCi of [3H]thymidine and, after harvesting, were assayed for [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Agglutination tests were conducted on sera collected simultaneously with samples for lymphocyte-stimulation tests. The B suis-soluble antigen elicited specific stimulation in lymphocytes from infected pigs. On a group basis, there was high correlation between the amount of serum antibodies and specific lymphocyte stimulation, but on an individual animal basis, there was little correlation of the results of both systems in infected swine. There was high correlation between recovery of Brucella from the tissues of animals and the degree of CMI response. Suckling pigs from an infected sow did not develop CMI responses, as measured by our system. PMID- 717874 TI - A technique for pinealectomy in deer, with notes on the neuroanatomy. AB - A technique for removing the pineal gland in adult and young male deer is described. A unilateral craniotomy or craniectomy was performed and the pineal gland was approached by parting the 2 hemispheres of the brain. The blood vessels supplying the pineal gland were coagulated and the gland was removed with forceps. Magnification, microtechniques, fiberoptic illumination, and bipolar coagulation rendered the surgical procedure safe and precise. PMID- 717875 TI - Inhibition of calcium absorption in ponies fed diets containing oxalic acid. AB - The effects of dietary oxalic acid on absorption, excretion, and retention of calcium was determined in Shetland ponies in 2 experiments. In each experiment, the results of feeding a control diet consisting of oats, molasses, and a complete pelleted horse ration were compared with those of feeding the control diet plus 1% oxalic acid. The diets contained 0.6% calcium in the 1st experiment and 0.45% calcium in the 2nd experiment. Oxalic acid increased the fecal excretion of calcium and decreased calcium absorption. The endogenous fecal excretion of calcium determined in the 1st experiment, using 47Ca, was not affected by dietary oxalic acid, indicating that the increase in fecal calcium was due to unabsorbed dietary calcium. Ponies fed 1% oxalic acid in diets containing 0.45% calcium were in negative calcium balance. The ponies did not conserve calcium by reducing the urinary calcium excretion if they were fed oxalic acid. Magnesium balance was measured in the 3 ponies in the 1st experiment. Urinary magnesium excretion increased and magnesium retention decreased in response to oxalic acid intake. PMID- 717876 TI - Increased plasma bromide concentration in the horse after halothane anesthesia. AB - A long-lasting increase of the plasma bromide concentration was found in 25 horses after clinical halothane anesthesia. The plasma bromide concentration was significantly (P less than 0.005) increased at the end of anesthesia. In 18 horses, peak values were reached between 48 and 72 hours after anesthesia. Eighteen days after horses had been anesthetized, the plasma bromide concentration remained significantly (P less than 0.005) increased. Significant correlation was not found between the total dose of halothane and the plasma bromide concentration. In 1 horse reanesthetized with halothane 4 days after initial halothane anesthesia, the plasma bromide concentration increased to high concentrations. PMID- 717877 TI - Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83): a field study. AB - In 1971, more than 370 horses in south Texas were studied with respect to their clinical, virologic, and neutralizing antibody responses to vaccination with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) strain TC-83. This study confirms reported findings that the vaccine used in the 1971 epizootic in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas was safe and efficacious. Vaccinal virus viremia titers were generally below the postulated infection threshold of epizootic vectors. In general, reactions to the vaccine were minimal and transient, with no observed abortions or deaths attributable to use of the vaccine. Eleven months after vaccination, VEE antibody titers were demonstrable in most horses that had VEE antibodies within 30 days after vaccination. Presence of western equine encephalomyelitis antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:50 at time of VEE vaccination appears to modify or to interfere with VEE antibody production. PMID- 717879 TI - Experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: potentiation of a Moraxella bovis pilus vaccine's immunogenicity by vaccination with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin. PMID- 717878 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of narcotic agonists and a partial agonist in horses. AB - The cardiopulmonary effects of the narcotic agonists morphine, meperidine, oxymorphone, and methadone and of the partial agonist pentazocine were examined in the pain-free adult horse. The drugs produced dysphoric followed by euphoric effects. Increases in heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output were observed in all horses with all drugs. Arterial blood pressure remained increased even after heart rate and cardiac output had returned to base-line values. Respiratory rate generally remained unchanged or increased shortly after drug administration and then decreased insignificantly (P less than 0.05) below base-line values at later times. Arterial pH and blood gas values (Paco2, Pao2) did not change. PMID- 717880 TI - Anthelmintic activities of fenbendazole against Nematodirus helvetianus in cattle: effect on egg production, embryogeny, and development of larval stages. AB - Calves experimentally infected with Nematodirus helvetianus were treated with a single dose of fenbendazole at the rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Fenbendazole was found to have an efficacy of 97.4% against adult N helvetianus. Additionally, eggs recovered 12 hours after calves were given the anthelmintic had fewer and frequently abnormal blastomeres. Fewer eggs were evident at 36 hours after treatment, and none was found at 72 hours or later. On the culturing of eggs from manure passed at 12 hours and later, almost no larval stages developed. PMID- 717881 TI - Lidocaine concentrations associated with intravenous regional anesthesia of the distal limb of cattle. AB - Cannulation for injection of lidocaine HCl was done in 3 distal veins in the hindlimb of 5 young Friesian cattle maintained in a light plane of general anesthesia. The local and systemic plasma and tibiotarsal joint synovial fluid concentrations of lidocaine (British lignocaine) were estimated for 60 minutes after the drug (10 ml, 2% (w/v)) was injected into the veins distal to a tourniquet. The lidocaine concentration in the distal veins was high but variable initially, and fell markedly over the 60 minutes. The systemic circulation always had a low but measurable concentration of lidocaine that became slightly higher in the 5 minutes after tourniquet release. According to the concentrations found, the risk of toxicity of lidocaine by using this technique in clinical practice would appear negligible. PMID- 717882 TI - Effects of furosemide on plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume in horses. AB - The effects of IV administered furosemide upon plasma volume (PV) and extracellular fluid volume were determined in horses at rest and after exercise. Serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and osmolality determinations were made. Furosemide caused a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in PV and serum potassium concentrations in resting horses only. Furosemide's effects upon PV and electrolytes were evident longer than its hemodynamic effects. PMID- 717883 TI - Effect of luteinizing hormone on ovarian release of steroids: ovarian vein sampling technique in conscious gilt. AB - After ventral midline laparotomy was done, silastic tubing was inserted into the ovarian vein through a cranial branch of the uterine vein. The free end of the silastic tubing was exteriorized through a perforation of the dorsal wall of the vagina and then passed to the outside of the vulva. The free end of the tubing was sutured to the skin approximately 3 cm lateral to the ventral aspect of the vulva. In the ovarian vein of the sow, the plasma concentration of ovarian steroids was 1.5 to 4.0 times greater than that in peripheral blood, thus making possible the detection of changes not found in peripheral plasma samples. Blood samples were taken immediately after surgical placement of the sample collection tube for a 4-month period from unstressed gilts. Surgical stress seems to increase significantly the release of steroids into the ovarian vein. After the luteinizing hormone injection, progestin but not estrogen was consistently released into the ovarian vein. PMID- 717884 TI - A specific ureaplasmal serotype associated with ovine uterine infections. AB - Nine major serologic groups were identified in 19 ureaplasmal isolates obtained from the genitourinary tract of sheep. One specific serotype was associated with uterine infections resulting in infertility. PMID- 717885 TI - Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in the dog: reaction to tuberculin purified protein derivative and coccidioidin. AB - A quantitative skin test for delayed-type hypersensitivity was developed in the dog. The test procedure involved testing animals in the pinna of the ear and quantitating the reaction by measuring the change in ear thickness. Skin test reactions to tuberculin-purified protein derivative and coccidioidin were found to be specific and to correlate with the immunization histories of the 27 dogs tested. Kinetic studies on the tuberculin reaction indicated that ear thickness increased slowly following antigen injection, reaching a peak at about 48 hours. Cellular infiltrates at reaction sites were primarily responsible for the increase in ear thickness. They consisted predominantly of mononuclear cells, although a marked number of neutrophils were also present. Multiple skin tests with tuberculin-purified protein derivative and coccidioidin on 8 nonimmunized (normal) dogs indicated that a skin test was capable of actively sensitizing a portion of the animals tested. PMID- 717886 TI - Electronic cell volume analysis of growth and rejection of EL-4 ascites tumor cells. AB - The in vivo growth of EL-4 ascites tumor cells in peritoneal cavities of syngeneic (C57BL/6) and allogeneic (DBA/2) mice was monitored by electronic volume analysis. In the growth of EL-4 cells in the C57BL/6 mice, daily decrease in electronic modal cell volume and labeling indices was observed. After day 7, the rejection of EL-4 cells in DBA/2 mice was indicated by increase in the percentage of small cytotoxic lymphocytes and decrease in the labeling indices of tumor cells. PMID- 717887 TI - On changes in psychiatric diagnosis over time. PMID- 717888 TI - A method for predicting sequelae to meningitis. PMID- 717889 TI - Adaptations of marine snakes. PMID- 717890 TI - Biological perspectives on aging. PMID- 717891 TI - Presidential address: Under fire: surgeons and the art of surgery. PMID- 717892 TI - Indications for, technique of, and results of fundoplication for complicated reflux esophagitis. PMID- 717893 TI - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is superior to clinical evaluation in blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 717894 TI - Hypertension secondary to complete occlusion of the renal artery. AB - In summary, we feel the results of this study support an aggressive approach toward the diagnostic evaluation and operative management of patients with renovascular hypertension secondary to complete occlusion of the renal artery. Further, the frequent presence of contralateral disease and the progressive nature of renal artery occlusions represent a significant threat to renal function. Since renal function is frequently compromised but potentially retrievable by revascularization, nephrectomy should be employed only when hypertension is difficult to control, revascularization is impossible, and excretory function in the affected kidney is minimal. PMID- 717895 TI - Preoperative aortography before abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy? AB - A review of 100 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy was made to assess the value and necessity of preoperative aortography. Comparison of arteriography with physical examination, plain roentgenograms and ultrasonography suggests that angiography is required only for evaluation of specific problems. Indications for the selective use of preoperative aortography are proposed. PMID- 717896 TI - Comparison of carotid artery stump pressure and EEG monitoring in carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 717897 TI - Angiography in extremity trauma: a prospective study. PMID- 717898 TI - Complications of peripheral arteriography. AB - This paper offers an analysis of possible complications of peripheral arteriography. Complications are considered in terms of the most common fundamental problems: 1) reactions to contrast media; 2) vasovagal response to arterial puncture; 3) local hemorrhage; 4) vein and nerve injuries in vicinity of arterial puncture site; 5) subintimal injection of contrast material; 6) arterial thromboembolism; 7) special problems related to catheters and guide wires; and 8) intravascular injection of foreign substances. The paper also provides ten examples of specific clinical conditions caused by arteriographic procedures. Finally, various safeguards in the prevention of complications are discussed. PMID- 717899 TI - Carotid endarterectomy. AB - In conclusion, an extensive study comparing routinely shunted carotid endarterectomies with routinely non-shunted carotid endarterectomies, supports the findings of others that there is a higher morbidity and mortality rate in the non-shunted population when shunting is performed non-selectively and supports the hypothesis that this morbidity and mortality may be reduced to more acceptable levels if selective shunting is employed. PMID- 717900 TI - Local anesthesia for mediastinoscopy: experience with 450 consecutive cases. AB - Mediastinoscopy has been widely applied in the evaluation of patients with suspected bronchogenic carcinoma over the past decade. Though there remain those who feel that such findings should not play a significant role in determining resectability, we have found a number of patients who have been saved from exploratory thoracotomy in obviously incurable situations. We have had a relatively high degree of success in the diagnosis of benign diseases. Wtih no mortality and a morbidity of 1.1%, we feel that mediastinoscopy under local anesthesia is applicable in many clinical circumstances in which the requirement for general anesthesia would preclude such evaluation. Though it is not necessary that local anesthesia be exclusively applied, we feel that our experience with over 450 cases in the last six years has demonstrated safety and efficacy in universal application of local anesthesia for cervical mediastinal exploration. PMID- 717901 TI - The organization and implementation of a regional burn service in a community hospital. PMID- 717902 TI - Pulmonary artery aneurysm. AB - Less than 200 cases of main pulmonary artery aneurysms have been reported and most came from autopsy series. The aneurysms may be associated with congenital cardiovascular lesions, syphilis, degenerative changes in the arterial wall and possibly trauma. Pulmonary artery aneurysm is a true entity which can occur with or without typical clinical findings. Physicians should pay more attention to the so-called "aneurysmal dilatation" or "idiopathic dilatation" of the pulmonary artery and obtain a correct diagnosis by angiography. Since pulmonary artery aneurysm carries a risk of rupturing, the operation should be considered as soon as the lesion is recognized. Few surgical interventions have been reported. PMID- 717903 TI - The care of the patient with minimal breast cancer. PMID- 717905 TI - Incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery. PMID- 717904 TI - Cancer of the large bowel with special reference to incidence and etiology. AB - 1. Cancer of the large bowel is second in cancer incidence to lung cancer in Kentucky and in the United States. It is second only to breast cancer in women. 2. It is far more common in the United States and countries with people in the higher socio-economic levels. 3. In addition to the well known associated or premalignant disease, diets high in fats and proteins are thought to increase the risk of the disease. 4. Much research is being carried on to determine other factors in the etiology of this condition. 5. The treatment of choice is still surgical removal of the lesion and all node-bearing and neighboring tissue, including the no-touch isolation technique with early ligation of the section of bowel to be removed. 6. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are of proven value in more advanced disease. 7. Carcinoembryonic antigen is of value in the prognosis of colorectal cancer. PMID- 717906 TI - Surgical aspects of amoebiasis and diagnostic clues. PMID- 717908 TI - Objective assessment of femoral artery profundaplasty. AB - The physiologic results after profundaplasty in a group of patients with uncorrected complete occlusion of superficial femoral artery are presented. The limbs were evaluated by ankle B.P. index and muscle pH, and pulse volume plethysmograph showed that the deep femoral artery, in occlusion of superficial femoral artery, can provide pulsatile flow and adequate perfusion to calf muscles in most cases. PMID- 717907 TI - Role of antibiotics in penetrating abdominal trauma. AB - The effectiveness of antibiotics in the management of penetrating abdominal injuries was studied retrospectively in two non-controlled, non-randomized groups of patients. The uncontrolled group (107 patients) received a variety of antibiotic(s) mainly intra- and postoperatively. The protocol group (121 patients) received a combination of clindamycin and gentamicin preoperatively in the Emergency Room. The protocol group had a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of intraabdominal sepsis, 1.7% as compared to 8.3% in the uncontrolled group. Although the improved results cannot be attributed solely to the antibiotic regimen, the trend seems apparent. Therefore, to minimize septic complications in penetrating abdominal injuries, we advocate: 1. prompt resuscitation, 2. early and appropriate surgical intervention and 3. preoperative antibiotics that are effective against both the aerobic and anerobic resident flora of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 717909 TI - Rupture of the intervertebral disc producing cauda equina syndrome. PMID- 717910 TI - Blood coagulation profile in patients with acute diffuse peritonitis. AB - Coagulation studies conducted on 42 patients with acute peritonitis of varying etiology revealed statistically significant prolongation of kaolin cephalin clotting time, decrease of platelets and elevation of plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrinogen degradation products. The relationship of the coagulopathy to bacterial invasion of peritoneal cavity was indicated by the absence of significant change in KCCT, prothrombin time, and bleeding time in patients with sterile peritoneal fluid. The results suggest a process of insidious defibrination intricately superimposed on the hypercoagulable state in these patients. PMID- 717911 TI - Mammary augmentation in a community hospital by a general surgeon: results and treatment of encapsulation. AB - One hundred females underwent mammary augmentation for cosmetic reasons. All operations were performed under general anesthesia through a para-areolar incision. All of the patients were pleased with the results, although 7% developed excessive scar contracture or encapsulation. Two patients were operated upon again, and both re-encapsulated. A closed compression technique for rupturing the capsule was then applied to all seven, with rupture of the capsule and return to a normal breast consistency. Even the group with encapsulation stated that they were generally pleased with the augmentation. PMID- 717912 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis by the subxiphoid approach. AB - The subxiphoid approach for the diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis was used in 49 patients. Various diagnoses were established in 43 cases, and drainage was accomplished in 46. One patient died as a direct consequence of the procedure. Accidental right pneumothorax occurred in three cases. Total evacuation of the pericardial contents, direct inspection and palpation of structures, correction of unsuspected pathology and simultaneous biopsy of the pericardium and other tissues can be achieved, while avoiding the need for repeated pericardiocentesis. The procedure can be done safely under local anesthesia, providing prompt relief of abnormal hemodynamics and a sample for tissue diagnosis. PMID- 717913 TI - Blunt trauma to an adrenal cyst producing abdominal pain and anemia. PMID- 717914 TI - The non-aneurysmal atherosclerotic abdominal aorta as a source of emboli: report of a case. PMID- 717915 TI - [Hypoglycorrhachia in mumps meningitis (author's transl)]. AB - Eighty cases of mumps meningitis are studied in children between the ages of one to seven years. The parotids were affected before, after and during the meningitis in all cases. In fifteen cases, when admitted to the hospital, levels of glucose were found in the C.S.F. equal or lower than 40 mg/100 ml. In three of them the hypoglycorrhachia persisted for a long time, as reported by other authors. The possible causes of low C.S.F. glucose values in meningitis are analized, not explanation for this phenomenon in viral meningitis is found. PMID- 717916 TI - [Neurological alterations due to metoclopramide in children (author's transl)]. AB - Some clinicals and epidemiological considerations are made on the base of eleven children affected by ingestion on this drug. PMID- 717917 TI - [Study of digestive atresia mortality. Its relation with weight and malformation. Part II (author's transl)]. AB - Authors study digestive atresia mortality in relation to different parameters such as type of atresia, weight at birth and associated malformations. Mortality increases depending on whether the atresia be single or multiple, this increase being quite obvious when single or multiple atresia is associated with trisomy. PMID- 717919 TI - [Pathology of the neutrophil motility in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Polymorphonuclear motility has been recently recognised as a major step of host defense mechanisms, and its' impairment associated with recurrent infections. The deficiency could be essential or secondary to systemic illnesses, etc. The aim of this paper is to review briefly the different kinds of motility: chemotaxis, random and chemoquinesis, its' physiology and current laboratory techniques of evaluation. Finally, clinical findings and most relevant syndromes in clinical pediatrics are reviewed in the context of author's experience. PMID- 717918 TI - [Preduodenal portal vein (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of preduodenal portal vein (PDPV) observed in newborns and young infants are reported. In two patients the diagnosis was made during operations for duodenal stenosis and in the remaining one while operating for midgut volvulus and necrosis. In no case was the PDPV responsible for the clinical picture but in all three patients it was accompanied by other causes of obstruction: annular pancreas, extrinsic adhesive bands and malrotation. In one case there was also an asplenia, and polisplenia was present in another one. Both had malrotation and some degree of abnormal visceral asimmetry. The incidence of associated malformations in 52 previously reported cases is analyzed, and the more convincing embriological explanation for this anomaly is commented upon. PMID- 717920 TI - [Advances in the rational therapy of epilepsy in children (author's transl)]. AB - Advances in the rational therapy epilepsy require: 1) an accurate diagnosis and classification, based upon the clinical manifestations of the attacks electroencephalographic pattern, 2) a selective pharmacotherapy adjusted to the particular type of epilepsy, 3) a correct mode of administration based on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drugs, and 4) to follow the guide-lines for a safe therapy control. The international classification of epileptic seizures is presented. The practical consequences of the pharmacokinetics of the antiepileptic drugs and their interactions between them as well as with other drugs are discussed. The need of administering single, pure drugs, as much as possible is emphasized. Special recommendations are given to attain a good blood level control of antiepileptic therapy. On the basis of such drug blood monitoring, a particular consideration is given to the interpretation of therapeutic concentrations and to the discussion of the many variables that account of achieving either subtherapeutic or toxic blood levels. PMID- 717921 TI - [Current treatment of epilepy in childhood. II]. PMID- 717922 TI - [Heterocygous beta thalassaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Two girls with an heterocigotic beta-thalassemy are presented in this study. Case 1 has an hypochromic and microtic anaemia with an enormous splenomegaly, increased osmotic resistence of red blood cells in salted solution and increase of A2 hemoglobin. This situation is associated with an increase of the glucolitic intraerythrocitic enzimes. Case 2 showed increase of A2 hemoglobine, but this anomaly was associated with decrease of intraerythrocitic enzimatic rate. First clinical signs of erythrocitic disturbances was an acute hemolytic crisis developed by the supply of the sulphometoxipiridacine. The erythroquinetic study showed a decrease of the average life of the red blood cells in both patients. PMID- 717923 TI - [Chronic continuous bleeding in a girl with lack of F. XIII (author's transl)]. AB - A case with chronic continuous bleeding on an eleven year old girl with lack of F. XIII with positive family antecedents and without declarate consanguinity is presented. Analytic data are widely clear as well as parent's research which shows the heterocygosity but with doubts exposed. PMID- 717924 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome and hereditary spherocytosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of nephrotic syndrome associated with hereditary spherocytosis in a 22 month old girl is reported. In an attempt to explain the relationships between these two entities and alteration of lipidic metabolism, red cells count and serum cholesterol during relapses of nephrotic syndrome were compared. Until now only two cases involving this association have been published. PMID- 717925 TI - [Leopard syndrom. Four observations (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of Leopard syndrom in a mother and in three children of hers are reported. The main clinical and electrocardiographic features characterizing the syndrome are exposed and analyzed in relation with phacomatosis and pathoetiologic mechanism. PMID- 717926 TI - Renal damage with intestinal bypass. AB - Renal function and biopsies were studied in 18 patients, 7 to 108 months after intestinal bypass. Enteropathy was found in 12 and hyperoxaluria in 16. Every biopsy showed a type of focal interstitial nephritis, tubular atrophy, fibrosis, and glomerular hyalinization. Damage ranged from minimal to extensive and renal function from normal to end-stage failure. Tubular injury had resulted partly from oxalate deposits. However, in 10 patients no oxalate crystals were seen. In eight others, most of the damaged areas were remote from crystal deposits. Immunoglobulin M and C3 deposits, found in glomerular capillaries and the messangium in six of 11 specimens, and the presence of circulating immune complexes in five of 10 patients, in addition to the extraintestinal organ involvement, suggested immune complex mesangial injury as one factor in bypass nephropathy. With progressive impairment of renal function, a biopsy appears justified. If damage is significant, the bypass should be dismantled. PMID- 717927 TI - A familial visceral myopathy. AB - A kindred contained at least 18 members with visceral myopathy. Sixteen had symptoms of chronic obstruction of the gastrointestinal or urinary tracts. Of six patients with megaduodenum on contrast roentgenograms, two were asymptomatic. Four patients had redundant colon on barium enema, and four had megacystis. Specimens from duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, or urinary bladder from five patients showed thinning and extensive collagen replacement of the longitudinal muscle layer; ganglion cells were normal by light and electron microscopy. Esophageal manometry in three patients showed decreased gastroesophageal sphincter pressures and no contractions in the smooth muscle segment of the esophagus; duodenal manometry showed a low frequency and amplitude of contractions. Three patients developed fever and signs of peritonitis after operations to bypass dilated segments. This seems to be a generalized smooth muscle disease with variable clinical manifestations and with an autosomal dominant or sex-linked dominant mode of inheritance. PMID- 717928 TI - Subacute fluorosis: a consequence of abuse of an organofluoride anesthetic. AB - A young woman presented with a novel multisystem disease: painful periostitis, osteosclerosis, hypertension, and renal dysfunction. The similarity of some of this clinical picture to fluoride intoxication led to the discovery of massively elevated fluoride levels in serum, urine, and bone. Although initially an enigma, the source of fluoride was later found to be the illicit use of an anesthetic agent, methoxyflurane. This agents is one of a class of organofluorides that, by virtue of biotransformation, is a known cause of inorganic fluoride exposure. Though the drug is potentially nephrotoxic as generally used, exposure to it is transient and has not previously led to discernible bone disease. PMID- 717929 TI - Amikacin serum concentrations: prediction of levels and dosage guidelines. AB - Amikacin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic that behaves pharmacokinetically similar to kanamycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Our study was designed to test whether a digital computer program could correctly predict amikacin serum concentrations in the clinical setting. A significant relation (P less than 0.0001) was found between 153 measured (bioassayed) and computer-predicted levels from 26 patients. The computer program reliably estimated amikacin serum levels after either intravenous or intramuscular doses. Prediction accuracy was not significantly affected by patient sex, hematocrit, or periods of unstable renal function. Predicted levels were most accurate when based on creatinine clearance corrected to 70 kg body weight or corrected to body surface area. The pharmacokinetic parameters in the computer program were used to generate a new aminoglycoside dosing chart. Ten patients were given amikacin according to this guideline, and the mean peak serum level for the group was 25.6 microgram/ml. PMID- 717930 TI - The myocarditis of systemic lupus erythematosus: association with myositis. AB - Five patients with clinically overt myocarditis in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus were analyzed in terms of associated clinical and serologic features. Myositis and antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) were present in all. A retrospective review in 140 consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, including three of these five, showed a highly significant association of myocarditis with myositis (P less than 0.0005). The presence of antibodies to RNP in this small group did not attain statistical significance (P less than or equal to 0.10). The pathologic findings in the one patient who died showed similar patterns of inflammation in both cardiac and skeletal muscle, suggesting the possibility of a generalized inflammatory process directed against striated muscle. Furthermore, although anti-RNP antibodies were found uniformly in these patients, their significance remains to be defined. PMID- 717931 TI - Life-threatening hyperkalemia induced by arginine. AB - Marked hyperkalemia was observed during and immediately after an infusion of arginine monohydrochloride in two patients with severe hepatic disease and moderate renal insufficiency. Both patients had received brief courses of spironolactone before arginine treatment. In one of the patients, the hyperkalemia was associated with a fatal cardiac arrhythmia. Arginine has been shown to shift potassium from cells to the extracellular compartment, an effect directly related to its serum concentration. The profound hyperkalemia that occurred in these two patients is thought to be the result of an inability to metabolize the administered arginine and excrete the excess extracellular potassium. Caution is advised in administering arginine to patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency, or both. PMID- 717932 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome: diagnosis by transbronchial lung biopsy. AB - A 28-year-old man developed recurrent hemoptyses, breathlessness, anemia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates after mild smoke inhalation. He had no laboratory evidence of kidney involvement. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed erythrocytes, iron-containing macrophages within alveolar spaces, normal basement membranes, and strongly positive linear staining of alveolar septa for immunoglobulin G (IgG). Serum antiglomerular basement-membrane antibody was strongly positive by radioimmunoassay. Kidney biopsy showed normal findings by light and electron microscopy but strongly positive linear staining of glomerular capillaries for IgG. Follow-up 9 months later while the patient was taking prednisone revealed no clinical evidence of pulmonary or renal disease. This case shows that immunopathologic study of transbronchial lung biopsies is helpful in differentiating between Goodpasture's syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, while the absence of clinical and microscopic evidence of kidney disease does not exclude Goodpasture's syndrome. PMID- 717933 TI - Primary amyloidosis associated with Gaucher's disease. AB - Elevations in serum immunoglobulins, frequently monoclonal in nature, are known to occur in patients with the adult form of Gaucher's disease. We describe amyloidosis in a 46-year-old woman of Italian ancestry with Gaucher's disease, who also had 3100 mg/dl of monoclonal IgA. She died of restrictive cardiac disease. A 50-year-old sister, also with Gaucher's disease, had 1300 mg/dl of polyclonal IgM but no evidence of amyloidosis. A glucosyl sphingosine-Sepharose affinity column provided no evidence that the large amount of immunoglobulin present has specific affinity for glucosyl ceramide. This, to our knowledge, is the first report of amyloidosis complicating Gaucher's disease. PMID- 717934 TI - Reversal of severe renal failure in systemic sclerosis. PMID- 717935 TI - Spironolactone therapy for hirsutism in a hyperandrogenic woman. PMID- 717936 TI - Thiabendazole treatment of severe strongyloidiasis in a hemodialyzed patient. PMID- 717937 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis: a hypersensitivity response to procainamide. PMID- 717938 TI - Colchicine suppression of local and systemic inflammation due to calcinosis universalis in chronic dermatomyositis. PMID- 717939 TI - Influenza vaccine: recommendation of the Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. AB - Influenza vaccine for 1978--79 will consist of inactivated trivalent preparations of antigens of influenza viruses expected to be prevalent. Alternative vaccine formulations will be available for different age groups. Annual vaccination is recommended for persons at greatest risk: chronically ill adults and children, and those over 65. Current influenza virus vaccine has been associated with few side effects, but three types of systemic reactions have been described. Pregnant women do not appear to have any special risk from influenza vaccination; physicians evaluating them should use the same criteria applied to other persons. PMID- 717940 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: a clinical review based on 71 cases. AB - We studied the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 71 patients with hairy cell leukemia to ascertain whether prognostic factors important for the therapy of the disease existed. Granulocytopenia of less than 500/mu 1 was associated with the occurrence of a serious infection in 46% of the patients, compared to 19% of patients whose absolute granulocyte count was greater than 500/mu 1 (P less than 0.05). In most patients with symptoms of thrombocytopenia or leukopenia, splenectomy led to improved blood counts. Patients treated with splenectomy only had a significantly longer survival than those treated with steroids only (P less than 0.05). A group of patients who were slightly older and had minimal splenomegaly and few hairy cells in the peripheral blood did well without therapeutic intervention. Twenty-four patients have died, 16 of an infectious process. The actuarial survival for the group is 51% at 4 years, and there has been no change subsequently. PMID- 717941 TI - Intravenous antibiotic therapy at home. AB - During a 12-month period, 23 patients aged 12 to 78 years were treated for 8 to 40 days (mean, 23 days) at home with intravenous (i.v.) antibiotics. Diseases treated included bone and joint infection (14 patients), blastomycosis (two), actinomycosis (two), staphylococcal bacteremia (two), endocarditis (two), and candidal pyelonephritis (one). After initial in-hospital training, patients self administered their drugs through a heparin-lock i.v. cannula, which was changed regularly by a visiting home care nurse. Antibiotics administered included cloxacillin, penicillin G, cephalosporins, gentamicin, carbenicillin, and amphotericin B. Patient and family acceptance of the program was good, the program was therapeutically effective, and, apart from a decreased prevalence of phlebitis with the heparin lock at home, side effects were no different from those of in-hospital-treated patients. The cost of home therapy was $ 40 per patient-day compared with an estimated $ 137 had the patients remained in hospital. Most patients were able to resume normal activities while receiving home i.v. therapy. PMID- 717942 TI - National study of internal medicine manpower: II. A typology of residency training programs in internal medicine. AB - This second paper of the National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower describes the differing environments of residency training programs. Using previous studies as prototypes, the authors apply factor analysis to data from questionnaires returned by residency training directors and residents to illustrate the myriad interrelations within training programs. The most important result of this study is the demonstration that the largest residency programs have the most subspecialty programs, and their residents are more likely to pursue subspecialty fellowships after completing their third residency year. However, preliminary findings show no associations between the typology (typologic categories of residencies and their trainees) used and desired practice locations in states having few physicians relative to the population or in states with fewer urban inhabitants. The typology also does not predict the future practice aspirations of residents who are more likely to care for the poor or minority populations. A separate set of factors, possibly unrelated to training environments, will help to predict such career outcomes. Further specification of these factors will be the subject of a later paper in this series. PMID- 717943 TI - Impact of infections and antibiotic use on medical care. PMID- 717944 TI - Residency programs: sizes, types, and effects. PMID- 717945 TI - Another cephalosporin! PMID- 717946 TI - Common infections in ambulatory patients. AB - Most illnesses in ambulatory patients are infections; most of these are upper, middle, or pararespiratory infections. Although these diseases are rarely serious, they result in immense amounts of time lost from work and incalculable expense for over-the-counter medications. Guidelines for antibiotic and other drug therapy for these diseases need a better scientific foundation. PMID- 717947 TI - Effect of infections on hospital care. AB - To determine research priorities in infectious diseases, the impact of infections on hospital care in the United States is estimated from the number of infectious diseases observed in hospitals that cooperate with the Center for Disease Control in surveillance of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. Each year, over 3 million community-acquired infections require persons to be hospitalized, and over 2 million nosocomial infections are acquired. Approximately 90% of the infections treated in hospitals are bacterial. These infections account for an estimated 29 million days of acute hospital care, which is approximately 10% of the patient days in United States acute-care hospitals. The direct hospitalization costs for treating infectious diseases are estimated to be over $4.8 billion. Treatment of infectious diseases accounts for a major portion of hospital care in the United States. PMID- 717948 TI - Septicemia and nosocomial infections in a community hospital. AB - Data on the incidence of community-acquired and nosocomial septicemia, on the incidence and distribution of nosocomial infections, and on the additional hospital costs due to nosocomial infections are shown to be different in a community teaching hospital from data in university, federal, or country hospitals. Incidence of septicemia and nosocomial infection varies in direct relation to the underlying disease categories "nonfatal," "ultimately fatal," and "rapidly fatal." Patient population mixes of these underlying disease categories are different between community and noncommunity hospitals. These differences can account for the reported difference in incidence of septicemia and nosocomial infections between such hospitals. National extrapolation of incidence data must take these differences into account. PMID- 717949 TI - Infectious diseases in small hospitals. Prevalence of infections and adequacy of microbiology services. AB - In a 1-day prevalence survey nosocomial infections were found in 7.2% and community acquired infections in 20.4% of 525 patients hospitalized in 18 small hospitals. Pneumonia was the reason for admission in 11% of patients in small hospitals. The patterns of nosocomial infections and antibiotic usage in small hospitals are similar to those found in large hospitals. The adequacy of bacteriologic services was assessed using a process audit technique. The routine approach to common bacteriologic specimens and antibiotic disk susceptibility tests was frequently inadequate. Approaches used in large hospitals for the control of nosocomial infection and the performance of bacteriology tests were not practical for most small hospitals. Specific research into methods for doing clinically adequate bacteriology and approaches for the control of nosocomial infection in the small hospital setting are needed. PMID- 717950 TI - Infections related to medical devices. AB - Medical devices have become an integral part of hospital-based care but also predispose patients to more than 850 000 device-related infections annually. Devices predispose to infection by damaging or invading epithelial and mucosal barriers to infection, by supporting growth of microorganisms and thus serving as reservoirs, by impeding host defense mechanisms, and, when contaminated, by directly infecting patients. Epidemics of device-related infections appear to have increased in frequency since 1965, have been due mainly to gram-negative bacilli, usually have resulted from in-hospital contamination of devices, and most often have been linked to urinary catheters, intravenous infusion devices, hemodialysis, and respiratory therapy equipment. Endemic device-related infections include those traced to these same commonly used medical devices as well as infections that follow use of specialized devices such as prostheses. Urinary catheters and intravenous infusion devices represent major sources of nosocomial septicemia. In most instances, measures currently recommended to control device-related infections have not be assessed with respect to either efficacy or practicality, and further study of the pathogenesis and prevention of these infections is needed. PMID- 717951 TI - Prevention of surgical wound infection. AB - Operative wound infection is examined through classifications based on estimation of frequency, severity, and sources of infection. These classifications help in identifying preventive and corrective measures. All surgeons are concerned with postoperative infection because it can convert a superior technical result into a disaster. The analysis of postoperative infection is complicated by the complex and constantly changing relations among host, challenging microbe, and the existing antimicrobial measures. The effect of physical, pharmacologic, and biological variables is estimated with emphasis on measures that promise further control of infection in the surgical patient. Proposals are offered for further efforts in controlling this hazard. PMID- 717952 TI - Hospital infections: gynecologic, obstetric, and perinatal infections. AB - Increased perinatal use of invasive monitoring techniques and a higher rate of cesarean section have led to an increase in the rate of maternal infection and to new types of infections in newborns. Control measures for maternal infections include antibiotic prophylaxis, direct administration of antibiotics to the amniotic fluid, extraperitoneal cesarean section, and cesarean hysterectomy. New types of infections in newborns include abscess resulting from use of electrodes to monitor fetal heart rate and the development of group B beta hemolytic streptococci infection, particularly in association with prolonged rupture of maternal membranes. Prospective studies are needed of preventive measures and proper management of maternal and perinatal infections. Obstetric and gynecologic problems that need further investigation include pelvic infection after vaginal hysterectomy, salpingooophoritis, and antibiotic dosages for pregnant women. PMID- 717953 TI - What should the clinician expect from the microbiology laboratory? AB - Many physicians do not know what they should expect from the microbiology laboratoy. What physicians need from the microbiology laboratory varies according to type of patient and type of physician. The laboratory should provide information that will affect clinical management guidelines for obtaining specimens, microbial identification, antimicrobial susceptibilities, rapid collection of material, and reporting of data and educational updating. Data are needed to establish how the physician responds to microbiologic reports. PMID- 717954 TI - Constraints under which the microbiology laboratory functions. AB - The relevance, usefulness, quality, and cost of performance of many clinical microbiology laboratories have been questioned. Major, common constraints under which most microbiology laboratories operate in the United States include lack of trained manpower, wide variation in the level and sophistication of clinical microbiology service, lack of physician-laboratory communication and interaction, inadequacies in medical education, and often inadequate laboratory space. Governmental regulations, requirements, and standards have improved the quality of many laboratories' work, but also result in greatly increased costs, excesses of often trivial procedures, and diversion of trained manpower from clinical service to regulatory procedures, with a resulting increase in manpower needs. The usefulness, relevance, and cost of regulatory requirements and procedures are unknown. Lack of reliable, standardized reagents impedes utilization of rapid and low cost procedures, and proliferation of complex tests results in costly additional demands on existing manpower. PMID- 717955 TI - The laboratory microbiologist in clinical medicine. AB - Laboratory microbiology provides to clinicians caring for patients with infectious diseases objective data regarding etiologic agent identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. Mutual communication is essential to ensure appropriate selection of materials for culture, prompt collection and transport, and efficacious handling in the laboratory. Training programs for physicians and clinical scientists are too few in number and are in need of expansion. Program in pathology and postdoctoral programs must emphasize clinical and laboratory experience so that communication can be improved. PMID- 717956 TI - Magnitude of antibiotic use. AB - Trends in antibiotic prescribing can be examined by a review of data from dispensed prescriptions and from antibiotic certification records of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Prescription data on selected oral antibiotics and anti-infectives were obtained from IMS America's National Prescription Audit. Data compiled between 1965 and 1977 show increasing use until 1973--with a plateau thereafter--for antibiotics judged by physicians to be relatively "safe," namely, the erythromycins, ampicillin and other penicillins, and the cephalosporins. Tetracycline use, although rising until 1973, declined somewhat thereafter, perhaps because of increasing concern with dental staining in children. Sulfonamide use has declined steadily since 1965, presumably for safety reasons. Used of clindamycin was nearing a level similar to that of cephalosporin use until 1975, when its risk of precipitating severe colitis, including pseudomembranous colitis, became well-known. The FDA's antibiotic certification records show that the volume of injectable cephalosporins and gentamicin administered has increased steadily and as of 1977 was still rising. PMID- 717957 TI - Hospital use of antimicrobial drugs. Survey at 19 hospitals and results of antimicrobial control program. AB - Costs and use of antimicrobial agents in 1976 at 19 hospitals were surveyed by review of pharmacy records. Total costs of antimicrobial drugs at individual hospitals ranged from $0.65 to $1.75 per patient day and accounted for 16% to 41% of total pharmacy drug costs. There was marked variation among hospitals in use of specific antimicrobial agents, especially cephalosporins and clindamycin. The cephalosporin and aminoglycoside antibiotics accounted for 66% of the total cost of antimicrobial agents. An 18-month antimicrobial drug control program at one hospital decreased antimicrobial drug costs by 31%. The major effect was in reducing cephalosporin use. The results of the control program document that a significant portion of hospital antimicrobial use is inappropriate and can be eliminated without apparent detriment to patient care. PMID- 717958 TI - Surveillance of antibiotic prescribing in office practice. AB - Using fiscal and administrative data routinely collected by the Tennessee Medicaid program, we conducted epidemiologic analyses of physicians' prescribing of selected antibiotics in office practice. This research has defined several subgroups of physicians who regularly malprescribed chloramphenicol or tetracyclines (to children less than 8 years old). After special educational mailings to all physicians, prescribing of these antimicrobial drugs diminished. Similar analyses could enable the profession to design specific remedial educational interventions, target them at physicians needing contemporary information, and assess their impact by monitoring subsequent prescribing. Such a program might diminish inappropriate drug use, reduce adverse drug reactions, help contain medical care costs, and produce better educated physicians. PMID- 717959 TI - Problem of antibiotic usage. Definitions, causes, and proposed solutions. AB - Standardized surveillance methods are needed in order to obtain valid comparison among institutions concerning use of antimicrobial agents. These include use of data from the hospital pharmacy and review of routine orders for propolyaxis in surgery and for specific infectious diseases. Audits of individual agents should be based on standardized guidelines for use. Attempts to improve the quality of use of antimicrobial agents require understanding of the constraints of medical practice that effect use of drugs to solve problems. These include the practice setting, cost and availability of laboratory support, and patient expectation. Promotion by the pharmaceutical industry capitalizes on the motivation of the physician to help his patient, often in setting in which diagnosis and management are uncertain. Promotion is a continuous process beginning early in medical school and extending to the media and university teaching staffs. The overall solution to inappropriate antibiotic use requires more than educational programs. There should also be a well-structured hospital program regulating pharmaceutical representatives, the formulary, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, justification for high-cost agents, and development of mutually agreed on guidelines for use. PMID- 717960 TI - Manpower resources for research. AB - Several trends in medical education affect our supply of future physicians. The number of new physicians has increased so that each year there is an excess of about 6000 over the number of physicians produced per year a decade ago. Increasing numbers of women and members of minority groups are entering the profession as well. These new students are being subjected to increased social pressures to elect primary-care careers, and although there is ample evidence that a significant portion will continue to choose subspecialty careers, fewer of them may be interested in traditional academic and research careers. We must make academic and research careers sufficiently attractive so that an adequate manpower resource of physicians is maintained for the future. This can be done by improving the structure of training programs and by fostering research opportunities for young investigators. PMID- 717961 TI - Physician manpower needs and research training in infectious diseases. AB - As a result of recent and continuing studies of internal medicine manpower, data are now becoming available on training and manpower, data are now becoming available on training and manpower in infectious diseases. In 1976-1977, there were 121 training programs graduating a total of about 180 infectious disease specialists each year. Most funding for these fellowship programs comes from the federal government and hospital revenues. It is conservatively estimated that 2300 medical subspecialists in infectious diseases will be practicing in 1986 1987. About 55% of graduates of infectious diseases training programs plan careers in academic medicine. Information from manpower studies should be of value in the development of a national policy on the training of infectious disease specialists. PMID- 717962 TI - Training and certification of clinical microbiologists. AB - Microbiologists are being effectively absorbed into the labor market. As a group they have a considerably lower unemployment rate (1.2%) than the national average. This is also applicable to medical and clinical microbiologists. Certification of microbiologists by nationally recognized certifying organizations is standardized for those with bachelor's or master's degrees. For those with doctorate degrees there are inconsistencies of postdoctoral training requirements and of reciprocal recognition of the two major certifying organizations. Bilateral reciprocal recognition of board-certified doctoral-level microbiologists is vital for meeting manpower needs. Improved and equitable certification could be achieved by maintaining an adequate number of funded, approved training programs in medical and clinical microbiology and augmenting them with uniform continuing medical education programs designed to meet the requirements for periodic recertification. PMID- 717963 TI - Training needs of the infection control nurse. AB - To provide adequate numbers of infection control nurses the following areas need attention: an established curriculum for formal education, policies that will assure implementation of infection control practices, and surveillance and research to establish that current infection control practices work. PMID- 717964 TI - How is the medical student being trained in microbiology and infections? AB - Reduction in curriculum time and shifts in interests of microbiology and epidemiology departments have altered the nature of the exposure of medical students to clinical problems of microbiology and infectious diseases. Major objectives of training in microbiology and infectious diseases are poorly met because of the large mass of material the student needs to assimilate. Students graduate from medical school using antimicrobial agents as a substitute for diagnostic acumen, without an understanding of how microbiologic laboratories should be used. Methods to improve this situation should be studied. PMID- 717965 TI - An overview of public policy and infectious diseases. AB - Major problems face this nation's health care system; infectious disease and their management are a major and growing part of these problems. It is clear from available information that 40 years after the introduction of the sulfonamides, infection and its management remain an enormously important cause of morbidity and mortality. We are far from being in the "post-infectious-disease era." Unless society and the medical profession understand this and take vigorous remedial steps, our problems may intensify, despite the availability of a remarkable effective group of therapeutic agents. PMID- 717966 TI - Clinical investigators and the pharmaceutical industry. AB - Virtually all new drugs are introduced, evaluated, and marketed under the control of the pharmaceutical industry and general supervision of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The clinical investigator must look to the pharmaceutical industry for support of studies of drugs, and the industry, in turn, needs the investigator to evaluate agents before FDA approval and to present findings in the medical media. A survey of members of the infectious Disease Society of America has shown heavy dependence on the pharmaceutical industry for support of applied studies of antibacterial and other chemotherapeutic agents. More than half the respondents believed that industry support was essential, about one third felt it was useful, and about one quarter would prefer other sources of support. Several proposals are presented to clarify the relations between investigators and the pharmaceutical industry and to provide for a broad-based clinical infectious disease consortium to provide research funds and plan educational programs in the field of infectious disease. PMID- 717967 TI - Issues in human experimentation. AB - The current status of two difficult and controversial issues--confidentiality of preliminary results of clinical studies and compensation for research-related injuries--is outlined. The principle of not publicizing results of clinical research until enough data have been accumulated to give statistically valid support for conclusions is in conflict with the principle of ready availability to the public of results of government-conducted and government-sponsored research. New legislation may be required to resolve the problem. The lack of a mechanism to compensate research subjects for unanticipated injuries that are not the result of negligence is a barrier to obtaining truly informed consent. A plan for overcoming this problem through Department of Health, Education, and Welfare regulations has been proposed and awaits implementation. PMID- 717968 TI - Infectious disease problems in pediatrics that need investigation. AB - The opinions of 28 investigators representing all areas of pediatric infectious diseases were sought regarding priorities for research. Seven general areas were most commonly emphasized: new diagnostic methods (especially for viral infections), vaccines (bacterial, respiratory viruses, herpesviruses, and varicella-zoster), diarrhea (pathogenesis), National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored studies of antimicrobial agents, NIH-sponsored cooperative studies of uncommon infections, host factors related to susceptibility and resistance and host responses to infection, and studies of bacterial-viral interaction and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Where pediatric and adult medicine interests overlap, collaborative studies would be desirable. PMID- 717969 TI - Problems that merit investigation in clinical microbiology laboratories. AB - Research is needed in the following areas in clinical microbiology: specimen collection, microbial identification, automation and instrumentation, rapid microbial diagnoses, microbial metabolism, computerization, relevance and laboratory utilization, physician influence, training in clinical microbiology, media and reagents, quality control, and antimicrobial susceptibility and assay determinations. For optimal progress in many of these categories, federal funding should be made available. PMID- 717970 TI - The impact of infections on medical care in the United States. Problems and priorities for future research. Comments. PMID- 717971 TI - The question of cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 717972 TI - Acute rheumatic fever: changing manifestations. PMID- 717974 TI - Clinical problem solving. PMID- 717973 TI - Marxist view of medicine. PMID- 717975 TI - Phleborheography for thrombosis. PMID- 717976 TI - Ultrasonography in jaundice. PMID- 717977 TI - Cimetidine and arrhythmia suppression. PMID- 717978 TI - Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 717979 TI - Streptococcus bovis and colonic lesions. PMID- 717980 TI - Acinetobacter pneumonia. PMID- 717981 TI - Septic bursitis. PMID- 717982 TI - D-penicillamine and lupus erythematosuslike syndrome. PMID- 717983 TI - Neck radiation and hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 717984 TI - Tamoxifen and hypercalcemia. PMID- 717985 TI - The kidney in progressive systemic sclerosis: a prospective study. AB - Nine normotensive progressive systemic sclerosis patients with normal renal function underwent renal biopsy. Four specimens had prominent vascular abnormalities, two mild vascular abnormalities, and three were normal. Vascular deposits of C3 were present in all specimens. Plasma renin activity was elevated in three of four patients with prominent vascular abnormalities, one of two patients with mild vascular lesions, and none of two patients with normal biopsies. Plasma renin activity elevation in response to cold pressor testing in the four patients with prominent vascular lesions was 5.6 ng/ml.h compared to 0.55 ng/ml.h in those with mild or no lesions and 0.26 ng/ml.h in six control subjects. These data indicate that renal vascular lesions may be present in normotensive patients. Elevation or a substantial rise in plasma renin activity (1.8 ng/ml.h or greater) in response to cold pressor testing suggests preclinical renal involvement. PMID- 717986 TI - Sequential carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the therapy of metastatic breast cancer: a predictor and monitor of response and relapse. AB - Serial measurements of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were analyzed in 42 patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing systemic chemotherapy. Pretreatment CEA levels exceeded 5 ng/ml in 22 patients, and 19 of 22 serial assays uniformly heralded tumor regression as well as subsequent tumor relapse. A significant quantitative alteration in CEA levels was established as a minimum change of 20% within 8 weeks of therapy. In 13 of 15 patients responding to chemotherapy and in all patients with CEA levels higher than 35 ng/ml, this criterion was not abrogated, and there were no discordant observations. Rising CEA levels were correlated with subsequent progression of disease in all patients with elevated baseline levels at a minimum of 8 weeks before the progression was clinically evident. In advanced breast cancer the effectiveness of therapy and the development of tumor resistance may be monitored by serial plasma CEA levels, and specific quantitative criteria should be applied. PMID- 717987 TI - The syndrome of basal encephalocele and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. AB - We documented hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in three patients with congenital herniation of the brain through the base of the skull (basal encephalocele). All had growth hormone deficiency, although one has attained normal height. One had diabetes insipidus. Two had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Prolactin secretion was elevated in one, normal in another, and borderline low in the third. Two patients were euthyroid, but in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injection, one patient's thyrotropin (TSH) level increased to levels exceeding normal while the other's did not attain normal levels. In the third patient, TSH response to TRH went from subnormal to normal after treatment with growth hormone and thyroxine. No patient had evidence of ACTH deficiency. These heterogeneous findings do not permit assignment of an unequivocal anatomic or functional site to the endocrine defect(s). Pituitary function should be evaluated in all patients with basal encephalocele, and this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of central endocrine malfunction. PMID- 717988 TI - Articular manifestations of rheumatic fever in adults. AB - Six adult patients had a syndrome indistinguishable from childhood rheumatic fever, with few cardiac findings and an arthrutis that had a characteristic pattern. The joint disease was abrupt in onset, rapidly additive, and eventually symmetrical, with a lower-extremity, large-joint predominance and a profoundly symptomatic tenosynovitis. Emphasizing the benign prognosis associated with a lack of heart disease and a "typical" pattern of articular involvement, we have reassessed the sensitivity of the traditional diagnostic Jones' criteria and suggest that this syndrome in adults may be more properly termed "poststreptococcal arthritis." PMID- 717989 TI - Resolution of muscle calcification in rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. AB - We studied four patients with acute renal failure associated with nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis to evaluate the presence and progression of calcium deposits in damaged muscle tissue. Conventional and electron radiography and technetium-99m diphosphonate (TcDP) scans were done during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure and repeated after renal function returned to normal. Three patients showed deposits of calcium by conventional radiography and all by electron radiography and TcDP during the oliguric period. When the patients recovered renal function and muscle injuries healed, calcium deposits disappeared. The results show that calcium deposits in damaged muscle occur during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis and the calcification disappears with recovery of renal failure; and TcDP scans are the most sensitive method of detecting calcium deposits in these patients. PMID- 717990 TI - The risk of endothelial infection in adults with salmonella bacteremia. PMID- 717991 TI - Abnormal gallium scan patterns of the salivary gland in pulmonary sarcoidosis. PMID- 717992 TI - Cholesterol embolism: diagnosis antemortem by bone marrow biopsy. PMID- 717993 TI - Ptosis and weakness after start of D-penicillamine therapy. PMID- 717994 TI - Esophageal dysphagia from ingestion of foil packaging of tablet. PMID- 717996 TI - [Epidemiologic investigation about 23 cases of lead poisoning due to industrial cider (author's transl)]. AB - We reported 23 cases of lead poisoning due to industrial cider being contaminated during its fabrication, this being caused by the detergents used to clean the piping. Microscopic examination of the stippled erythrocyte is not effective. On the other hand the elevation of protoporphyrines erythrocyte remains constant, and this is the most honest, long standing sign of lead poisoning. There is certainly the cumulative effect of toxication but it is the acute increase by ingestion above a certain limit (between 3 and 10 mg of lead daily according to the individual) wich provokes clinical signs and symptoms. PMID- 717995 TI - [The infraclinical diagnosis of lead poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - Laboratory study of 16 workers handling lead made it possible to define a state of infraclinical lead poisoning. Estimation of alpha-dehydrase and of free erythrocytic protoporphyrins is the most sensitive test for diagnostic purposes. The estimation of erythrocytic pyrimidine 5' Nucleotidase would seem to be of value in the diagnosis of mild lead poisoning. The urinary lead tolerance test confirms the diagnosis and indicates the degree of intoxication. Its repetition make it possible to treat the intoxication. PMID- 717998 TI - [Natural history of extramembranous glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 717997 TI - [Difficulty in manual prehension under visual control (author's transl)]. AB - Visuomotor ataxia causes difficulty in the prehension of objects under visual control which can occur without paralysis of ocular fixation and spatial agnosia. This can involve the total visual field or the right or left half-fields, and can affect both hands or one only. 1) Unilateral visuomotor ataxia is localized to the two right or left homonymous half-fields and can affect both hands or one only. It is direct when the ataxic hand is on the same side as the affected visual half-field, and crossed when the ataxic hand is contralateral to the affected visual half-field. 2) Bilateral visuomotor ataxia involves the total visual field. Each hand may be ataxic only for the contralateral visual field with a crossed bilateral visuomotor ataxia, or in the homolateral field with a direct bilateral visuomotor ataxia. The anatomical and clinical observations reported imply the existence of visuomotor connections, both direct and crossed, the latter crossing the median line through the corpus callosum. PMID- 718000 TI - [Hepatobiliary cinescintigraphy: prospects offered by a new technetium complex]. PMID- 717999 TI - [Value of erythroblast mogenitor cell culture in human pathology]. PMID- 718001 TI - [Criteria for prognosis and evolution of nephropathy in adult rheumatoid purpura. 28 cases]. PMID- 718003 TI - [Echotomographic study of liver and bile duct vessels]. PMID- 718002 TI - [Erythroblastopenia after thymectomy. Cure after treatment by cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 718004 TI - [Early acute mesenteric and coronary ischemia during treatment of prostatic cancer by estrogens. 2 cases]. PMID- 718005 TI - [Romano-Ward syndrome. Hereditary prolongation of the QT interval and syncopes]. PMID- 718007 TI - [Complete syncopal auriculoventricular block by a hydatid cyst of the intraventricular septum]. PMID- 718006 TI - [Hyperthyroidism and acromegaly. Pituitary tumor]. PMID- 718008 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency during diffuse lipoid pneumopathy]. PMID- 718009 TI - [Hepatic manifestations of Horton's disease]. PMID- 718011 TI - [Immersion: From mental anorexia to behavioral therapeutics]. AB - The flooding is an extinction process of an emotion or a pulsion through a mechanism of Pavlov of conditioned inhibition. The author does here an experimental study of this process. This study allows to explain the exact flooding mechanism. So we can better understand and better introduce the practical flooding applications in therapeutic as well as in psychopathology. PMID- 718010 TI - [Aspect of the prisoner's psychological universe]. AB - This paper deals with an aspect of inmate's psychology. One of us is consultant psychiatrist in a jail. According to his experience, the behaviour of the prisoners appears to be very regressive. Inmates chiefly complain of digestive pains. They put a great emphasis on food, nourishment and drinking. That regression to the oral phase explains an unconscious will of staying in jail: It is rather frequent, for example, to see prisoners, who are about to recover their freedom, attempting a ridiculous and futile escape, with, as only result, one more year in jail. Obviously they want, through this absurd acting out, to keep living their childish and regressive way of life. PMID- 718012 TI - [Anticipated retirement]. PMID- 718013 TI - [The importance of recreation in an anticipated retirement]. PMID- 718014 TI - [Anticipated retirement of active agriculturists or actualization of a social future?]. PMID- 718015 TI - [Anticipated retirement: Poll taken among workmen. Results and reflexions]. PMID- 718016 TI - [Experimental infection in mice with Yersinia enterocolitica (strain biotype 4, serogroup O:3, phage type VIII): growth of the inoculum in athymic or cyclophosphamide treated mice (author's transl)]. AB - Intravenous infection of Swiss mice with a strain of Yersinia enterocolitica unable to colonize normal mice by the oral route, induced a systemic infection. Viable bacteria were isolated from homogenates of liver, spleen and lungs, as early as one hour after the challenge and have been detected during two weeks. On the other hand, the number of viable bacteria isolated from the blood has always been very low. Faecal samples permitted the isolation of Y. enterocolitica even after two weeks, while at this time no more bacteria were isolated from the tissues. The duration of the infection remained unchanged with an inoculum of 10(3), 10(4) or 10(5) viable bacteria. Depending on the size of the inoculum, liver macroscopic abscesses occurred more or less rapidly after the challenge. These abscesses disappeared spontaneously. A single intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) six days after the challenge was followed by an important rise of the number of bacteria in all the tissues. Comparative studies of intravenously infected athymic (Nude) mice and controls showed a higher number of bacteria in the liver and spleen of the athymic animals. PMID- 718017 TI - [Phage-typing modifications induced by "in vitro" transfer of R plasmids. I.- Phage typing of Salmonella typhi (author's transl)]. AB - The phage-typing modifications induced by transfer of antibiotic-resistance plasmids wre studied in two S. typhi Vi+ strains: n 2411 (phage-type A) and Ty2 (phage-type E1a). Forty-one R plasmids belonging to twenty-two incompatibility groups were investigated. Twenty-two plasmids were unable to produce any phage typing modifications. Among the groups of plasmids with phage-typing restriction capacity,four (I1, 10.B.O., N and W) groups were found heterogeneous with regard to this property and one (F1 group) caused significant modifications of the phage types defined by the Vi phage-typing international system. PMID- 718018 TI - [Homogeneous suspensions of mycobacteria: application to the evaluation of bactericidal activity (author's transl)]. AB - This work describes a technique of emulsification of mycobacterial cells (including tubercle bacilli) in order to obtain homogeneous suspensions containing up to 10(8) cells/ml. The suspensions are used in a modified AFNOR method for the evaluation of bacterial activity: within five min virulent strains are more resistant than are avirulent ones but, within 30 min and in the presence of proteins, the behaviour of all strains is quite similar. PMID- 718019 TI - [Production of a photo-sensitive lipid antibiotic by the marine diatom Chaetoceros lauderi (Ralfs) (author's transl)]. AB - A lipid antibiotic was extracted from whole cells of the marine diatom Chaetoceros lauderi (Ralfs) and roughly identified as an unsaturated fatty acid by thin layer chromatography. A number of Gram-positive terrestrial bacteria and several Gram-negative marine bacilli were sensitive to this antibiotic, whereas Gram-negative enteric bacteria were resistant. Solar irradiation led to its partial disappearance and to the production of more polar antibiotics with a stronger antibacterial activity. This observation is compared to similar data culled from literature, and its significance in a natural environment is discussed. PMID- 718020 TI - Large scale purification of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). AB - In October 1975, a specific immunization by means of a formalin inactivated hepatitis B vaccine has been introduced to protect patients and staff members of three haemodialysis units of the Loire Valley (Tours, Blois, Orleans). After two years follow-up the innocuity and efficacy of this preparation have been shown to be very satisfactory in the conditions under which it was used. A method of vaccine preparation has been instituted in the development of industrial batches of vaccine to be used for broad clinical trials in France. The HBsAg purification was carried out by four different steps including, successively, selective adsorption-desorption on colloidal silicate (Aerosil), precipitations by polyethylene glycol, gel filtration and finally zonal ultracentrifugation. Step by-step results of the purification are presented. Up to 65 % of the starting antigen was recovered at the end of the purification process. One dose of vaccine (1 ml) has a titre in HBsAg of 1/4 in countercurrent electrophoresis and a protein amount of 2-10 micron/ml. It contains traces of homologous serum proteins only detectable after high concentration. Purity, antigenic quality and safety of the vaccine are analysed in regards to its use for immunization against hepatitis B in man. PMID- 718021 TI - [Arabinose, melibiose and xylose oxidation and fermentation in "Serratia" (author's transl)]. AB - The oxidative and fermentative metabolisms of D(+)raffinose, D(-)arabinose, L(+)arabinose, D(+)melibiose and D(+)xylose were compared in 181 strains belonging to the genus Serratia, including collection strains and clinical isolates from various sources. At 30 degrees C, raffinose was neither fermented nor oxidized by S. marcescens, but was fermented by S. liquefaciens and S. rubidaea. D(-)arabinose was oxidized by all strains. L(+)arabinose, melibiose and xylose were fermented by all S. liquefaciens and S. rubidaea, while they were oxidized by most S. marcescens. Two strains of the latter species, however, were able to ferment xylose. The use of Hugh and Leifson's oxidation-fermentation medium containing melibiose or L(+)arabinose can help to differentiate S. rubidaea from pigmented strains of S. marcescens and to differentiate S. liquefaciens from unpigmented strains of S. marcescens. PMID- 718022 TI - Amino acids produced by bifidobacteria and some Clostridia. AB - A lot of 121 strains of bifidobacteria and 9 strains of clostridia were examined for their ability to release free amino acids in the culture broth. The bifidobacteria studied belong to 18 species or "homology group" and the clostridia to 8 species. The growth in a synthetic medium with ammonium salts as sole nitrogen source was also studied. All the clostridia and the majority of the bifidobacteria produce various amino acids. The possible ecological significance of these findings is suggested. PMID- 718023 TI - [Resistance to plague of mice experimentally infected with "Yersinia enterocolitica" (author's transl)]. PMID- 718024 TI - [Supplement No XXI (1977) to Kauffmann-White scheme (author's transl)]. PMID- 718025 TI - [Alcohol fermentation: effect of temperature on ethanol accumulation within yeast cells (author's transl)]. AB - During fermentation, yeast growth is rapidly stopped when the concentration of alcohol in the medium increases but fermentive activity is not entirely inhibited until high alcohol concentrations are reached. The rate of alcohol accumulation within the cells and certain kinetic parameters were simultaneously determined in such fermentative processes using Saccharomyces carlsbergensis cells. The growth inhibitory effect of alcohol was related to its retention inside within the cells; i.e. yeast multiplication is stopped when intracellular alcohol concentration reaches a maximum value. Moreover, the higher the temperature, the deeper the inhibitory effect of ethanol and the higher the maximal intracellular alcohol concentration. Activation energy determinations showed that ethanol accumulation within the cells was a consequence of the resistance to its diffusion through the cell wall from within to outside the cell. PMID- 718027 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. I. Vaccinations against rabies at the Pasteur Institute of Paris]. PMID- 718026 TI - [Amoebae in swimming-pools: microbiological and epidemiological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - An inquiry was held to determine the occurrence and quantitative importance of "Limax" amoebae in 8 swimming-pools of the North of France. The influence of water flow system, filters and water disinfectants was studied. The connections with the bacterial flora growing at 37 degrees C and the presence of strains able to grow at 41 degrees were analyzed. The significance of their presence in the swimming-pools is discussed from the obtained results. PMID- 718028 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. II. Vaccinations against rabies at the Hospital Center of Reims]. PMID- 718029 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. III. Vaccinations against rabies at the Treatment Center of Nancy]. PMID- 718030 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. IV. Vaccinations against rabies at the Treatment Center of Besancon]. PMID- 718031 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. V. Vaccinations against rabies at the General Hospital of Dijon]. PMID- 718032 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. VI. Vaccinations against rabies at the Pasteur Institute of Lyon]. PMID- 718033 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. VII. Vaccinations against rabies at the Pasteur Center of Marseille]. PMID- 718034 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. VIII. Vaccinations against rabies at the University Hospital Center of Montpellier]. PMID- 718035 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. IX. Vaccinations against rabies at the Treatment Center of Toulouse]. PMID- 718036 TI - [Vaccinations against rabies in France in 1977. X. Vaccinations against rabies at the University Hospital Center of Rouen]. PMID- 718037 TI - Bandage lenses and the use of topical solutions containing preservatives. AB - Eight patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca and filamentary keratitis requiring treatment with continuous wear bandage lenses and frequent instillation of artificial tears were studied. The lenses were removed after wear from 3 to 8 weeks and subjected to ultraviolet spectrophotometric evaluation for the presence of the preservative, benzalkonium chloride. No evidence of benzalkonium chloride in the lenses was seen and no clinical evidence of corneal damage was noted. The use of topical medication containing benzalkonium chloride as a preservative in conjunction with hydrophilic lens appears to be clinically acceptable. PMID- 718038 TI - Ptosis with contralateral lid retraction due to excessive innervation of the levator palpebrae superiorus. AB - Two patients are presented with unilateral ptosis and contralateral lid retraction. The lid retraction disappears upon manual elevation of the ptotic lid. Each patient with this phenomenon would be expected to have a frank tropia, or monofixation syndrome and prefer to fix with the ptotic eye. Extraordinary innervation is transmitted to the levator of the ptotic eye and, since we believe the levators follow Hering's law, this excessive innervation is also transmitted to the contralateral levator. This results in lid retraction in the second eye. If the ptotic lid is manually elevated, levator innervation decreases and the contralateral lid retraction disappears. This previously unreported maneuver of manually elevating the ptotic lid is superior to patching the ptotic eye for a period of days, the previous method for demonstrating this phenomenon. These considerations are important in the evaluation of lid retraction, and in determining the nature and extent of corrective surgery. PMID- 718039 TI - Lathe-cut hydrophilic contact lenses: report of 100 clinical cases. AB - In a review of the literature, it became apparent that there were very few articles describing the advantages, as well as the fitting techniques, of lathe cut hydrophilic contact lenses. Few practitioners, including those who fit other types of hydrophilic lenses and hard lenses, have had any experience with this lens, and considerable interest has been generated by fragmentary reports of good results. This paper describes in detail the geometry of the first lathe-cut hydrophilic lens approved by the Federal Drug Administration, the fitting methods utilizing trial lenses, and the results of 100 patients successfully fitted. PMID- 718040 TI - Central vein obstruction: results of argon laser photocoagulation therapy. PMID- 718041 TI - Foreign body granuloma of the conjunctiva. AB - Foreign body granulomas of the conjunctiva of children and deer were studied. The granulomas can develop rapidly and may not be readily diagnosed. PMID- 718042 TI - Racial influences in open-angle glaucoma. AB - Blindness due to glaucoma is much greater in blacks than in whites. Using a computerized diagnostic index we identified more than 1,300 patients being treated for glaucoma in our outpatient clinics. Analysis of this clinic population indicated that open-angle glaucoma is more prevalent among blacks than in whites. They also indicate that open-angle glaucoma occurs at a younger age in the black population. We have very limited data that tend to indicate that open angle glaucoma is a more severe disease in blacks than in whites; however, this evidence is far from conclusive. Finally, our findings indicate that in our institution we are seeing the full range of the glaucomatous process in the black population and not merely the end-stage disease. PMID- 718043 TI - The ultrasound guided 32P test. AB - The accurate and early diagnosis of intraocular malignant melanoma in eyes with opaque media remains a diagnostic problem. Ultrasonography and the radioactive phosphorus (32P) uptake test have been used separately as modalities for diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. However, their combined use has received limited attention. This report presents our experience in 5 cases with the combined use of a contact B-scan ultrasound unit and a posterior eye probe. In all cases we were able to accurately perform the 32P uptake test with simultaneously ultrasound visualization of the tumor and the probe. PMID- 718044 TI - Results of immunosuppressive treatment in Bechcet's disease: report of 55 cases. AB - The favorable effects of immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of Behcet's disease seems outstanding. Fifty-five cases showed great imporvement in both ocular and extraocular symptoms. Emphasis has been placed on the strengthening effect of the steroids, given in very low dosage. Only a few and unimportant side effects have been observed. PMID- 718046 TI - Early vitrectomy for retained intraocular foreign body. AB - A retained intraocular foreign body can cause progressive damage to an eye if not removed. Such removal, whether done with a magnet or with a vitrectomy instrument, is often more successful if surgery is not delayed excessively. A two instrument intraocular approach for resistant foreign bodies can sometimes be avoided in favor of a simpler one-instrument technique if surgery can be performed in the first few weeks. PMID- 718045 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of blood-induced glaucoma with vitreous hemorrhage. AB - Four consecutive cases are reported in which pars plana vitrectomy was used to treat eyes with blood-induced glaucoma complicating vitreous hemorrhage after cataract surgery. Vitrectomy resulted in removal of the posterior reservior of cells and cellular debris and cured the elevated intraocular pressure in 3 eyes. One eye required a second glaucoma procedure and long-term acetazolamide therapy. The excised vitreous was examined microscopically with several techniques, including use of a millipore filter to concentrate the cellular elements combined with a modified Papanicolaou staining technique, routine staining of sections of millipore filters, and routine staining of vitreous processed in a celloidin bag. These techniques showed variable proportions of erythrocytes, erythrocytic debris, free hemoglobin, ghost erythrocytes and macrophages containing erythrocytic debris and hemosiderin. PMID- 718047 TI - Intraocular lenses and secondary glaucoma: a retrospective study. PMID- 718049 TI - [Chronic otitis in the one remaining functional ear: therapeutic problems and sequelae (author's transl)]. AB - What should one do when a patient presents with a potentially dangerous chronic otitis, and the other ear is absent? An analysis of such dangerous cases with a cholesteatoma, more especially those with a labyrinthine fistula. Responsibility has to be taken. Medico-legal problems are evoked. PMID- 718048 TI - [Some enigmas concerning the pathogenic etiology of certain cases of sudden deafness (author's transl)]. AB - Some facts relating to the numerous uncertainties concerning sudden deafness, which is often attributed to vascular or viral causes without convincing proof. The possible role of a cochlear hydrops, electrolyte disturbances, or rupture of the fenestra. This critical study includes many observations but the list is not exhaustive. PMID- 718050 TI - [Rhinological surgical approach to the nasal ducts (author's transl)]. AB - An obstruction along the nasal duct can be approached and removed by an operation through the nose: Rouge's technique for access to the orifice below the inferior turbinate, incision of the mucosal diaphragms over a sound passed into the nasal duct, insertion of a drainage tube; all under microscopic observation. PMID- 718051 TI - [A case of laryngeal histoplasmosis (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a case of histoplasmosis with laryngeal symptoms only, affecting no other organ, especially the lungs, which is rare. Diagnosis was made by histological identification of the intracellular mycosis without culture. Immunological reactions were positive against American forms whereas the patient had lived in Africa. Healing occurred after intravenous amphotericin. PMID- 718052 TI - [Facial nerve neurinoma masked by otosclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of operation for presumed otosclerosis. Discovery of a neurinoma between the branches of the stapes probably originating from the geniculate. Facial paralysis was not present either before or after the operation which, in fact, was only partial (a more extensive operation was refused later on). A curious F.P. "to cold", 30 years beforehand, recovered without sequelae. PMID- 718053 TI - [Classification and current therapeutic views of cervicofacial angiodysplasia (proceedings)]. PMID- 718054 TI - [Recent modifications of Rethi's operation (author's transl)]. AB - Rethi's operation for laryngotracheal stenosis is discussed, together with P. Aboulker's modifications (hollow teflon intralaryngeal tube surrounding a fenestrated tracheal canula, which can be moved rapidly). The tube has been modified and its length can be more easily adjusted. Its extremities are rounded and polished (less risk of trauma), and it has an upper diaphragm which has a temporary action but is very useful for avoiding wrong directions in the first days of use. PMID- 718055 TI - [Study of the effectiveness and tolerance of Pevaryl 1 % milk in the treatment of mycoses of the external auditory meatus (author's transl)]. AB - Otomycoses account for approximately 20 % of cases of otitis externa. Often unrecognised, they may be induced by various factors, in particular local antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy. The authors studied the effectiveness and tolerance of Econazole (1 % milk) in the treatment of otomycoses. In each of 30 cases, a bacteriological examination was made before and one week after treatment, the latter consisting of the insertion into the E.A.M. of a wick soaked in Econazole (1 % milk) every night. From a mycological standpoint, the fungus disappeared in all cases. Clinically, in relation to the criteria of assessment, a successful result was recorded in 28 cases out of 30. In 87 % of cases, cure was obtained in less than 2 weeks, and apart from a transient and brief subjective sensation of an increase in certain symptoms (17 %), tolerance was perfect. Econazole (1 % milk) would appear to be the drug of choice in the treatment of otomycoses of the E.A.M., being effective against the fungi usually responsible (Aspergillus niger, fumigatus, flavus, Candida albicans, krusei etc.), as well as having a bactericidal action against Gram + bacteria. PMID- 718056 TI - [Audiometry in acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 718057 TI - Fourth Daniel C. Baker, Jr. memorial lecture. Energy and the larynx. AB - Review of the logistics of energy supply in animals indicates that the advent of the larynx was part of a response to an earlier energy crisis. It permitted a major increase in the flow of energy available to the organism and became the mechanical control point and rate-limiting factor of the increased inflow. Phylogenetically, a succession of structural innovations steadily enhanced the flow capacity of the larynx and rendered the mechanism more versatile, most recently with the accrual of phonation (in mammals), pressurized closure (in primates and odontocetes), and vocal formants and efficiency (in man). The larynx is thus a marker of the animal's capabilities for energy intake, energy utilization and information emmission and, apparently, of the size and complexity of the brain. Today's energy crises appear to continue those of the past. PMID- 718059 TI - Hemangiomas of the head and neck. AB - Hemangiomas are an interesting group of lesions which affect many anatomical structures of the human body. Interest today is confined to head and neck lesions which can occur in the infant, child or adult. Benign lesions affect the great majority of patients as contrasted to malignant ones. Diagnosis of the superficial lesions is usually made by inspection and palpation while additional diagnostic procedures (radiological studies and surgical exploration) may be indicated in patients with deep lesions. PMID- 718058 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of carotid body tumors. AB - The diagnosis and management of carotid body tumors are discussed, including the importance of good arteriography which allows visualization of all major feeding vessels. These include the carotid bulb, internal and external carotid arteries and the often neglected but important vertebral and ascending cervical arteries. Emphasis is placed on the importance of establishing tourniquet control of the common, internal and external carotid arteries. Surgeons removing carotid body tumors should be experienced in arterial wall repair by means of vascular shunts, end-to-end arterial anastomosis, and vein graft replacement of a segment of arterial wall. PMID- 718060 TI - Clinical correlation of anomalies of the supraglottic larynx with the staged sequence of normal human laryngeal development. AB - The clinical correlation of the authors' observations on human laryngeal development with existing literature supports the suggestion that earlier concepts, specifically by Frazer, may not be valid. It is further proposed that development of the human larynx may similarly correspond in man to that of the rat. Congenital laryngeal malformations are fundamentally associated with a disturbance of epithelial mesenchymal interactions, particularly related to a premature arrest of the normally vigorous epithelial activity. PMID- 718061 TI - Subglottic stenosis of the larynx in the infant and child. Methods of management. AB - This presentation is a ten-year retrospective study on all patients with proven subglottic stenosis admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Some of these patients have required no treatment, others one or two dilatations of the stenosis only; others tracheotomy only; some tracheotomy plus dilatations; some the Fearon-Cotton operation, and a few who had very extensive stenosis of the larynx and trachea, extensive reparative surgery. In this presentation, the authors describe the different types of management, and the results of treatment are assessed and compared. PMID- 718062 TI - Management of subglottic stenosis in infancy and childhood. Review of a consecutive series of cases managed by surgical reconstruction. AB - The management of mature subglottic stenosis secondary to endotracheal intubation in infancy and childhood remains a controversial issue. If treated similarly to congenital subglottic stenosis by tracheotomy and a "wait-and-see" period then there is a considerably higher mortality and morbidity for the acquired disease compared with the congenital. Eighteen children with severe acquired subglottic stenosis managed by surgical reconstruction are presented; 17 have been successfully extubated. The longest follow-up is 5 1/2 years. No evidence of interference with laryngeal growth is evident. PMID- 718063 TI - Management of choanal atresia with the carbon dioxide laser. AB - Congenital choanal atresia frequently demands immediate recognition in the newborn, and provision of a nasal airway as soon as possible. A variety of techniques are available to correct this problem, but none is entirely satisfactory. Transpalatal procedures are associated with significant morbidity in the newborn, and transnasal microsurgical procedures are less predictable when a thick bony plate is present in the choanal obstruction. Transnasal resection with the CO2 laser has been carried out in seven patients (ten sides), whose ages ranged from 16 hours to 14 years. From this early experience, it appears that the procedure is entirely feasible and convenient. It seems to have significant advantages over conventional microsurgical techniques. Eight out of ten choanae have remained patent for four months or more. A lumen keeper is needed during the immediate postoperative period for at least two to three weeks. The procedure is associated with minimal morbidity. PMID- 718064 TI - Hypersensitivity problems in otorhinolaryngology. AB - The average otolaryngologist is confronted with allergic problems in well over 50% of his patients. It would seem imperative that he either recognize the problem and be able to instigate appropriate therapy himself or refer the patient to someone who can. In the latter case, he should have a basic knowledge which would allow him to evaluate adequately the therapy provided. PMID- 718065 TI - Laryngocele and saccular cysts. PMID- 718066 TI - Evaluation of randomized preoperative and postoperative radiation therapy for supraglottic carcinoma. Preliminary report. AB - One hundred and ten patients with supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma have been randomized for preoperative radiation therapy and surgery versus surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Data have been analyzed on 94 patients in this preliminary report. The differences between the two groups with respect to local control and survival are not statistically significant at this time. Additional accrual and continued follow-up are necessary in order to make a more definite treatment comparison. PMID- 718067 TI - Thorotrast induced pharyngeal necrosis. AB - Thorotrast, a radioactive contrast material used between 1930 and 1950, is often permanently retained within the patient. Individuals who have had diagnostic studies with Thorotrast may develop serious complications many years later. These complications fall into two major categories, desmoplastic and neoplastic. The inadvertent infiltration of Thorotrast into soft tissue, usually the neck during carotid arteriography, may later result in severe fibrosis with constriction of the surrounding vessels and nerves. Malignancies, the second major problem, have occurred at the site of previous Thorotrast instillations throughout the body. The following report describes the clinical course of an 82-year-old woman who presented with a Thorotrast induced desmoplastic reaction of her neck, complicated by pharyngeal necrosis and the development of a pharyngeal cutaneous fistula. The latter problem is quite rare, having been previously reported only once. Despite extensive tissue destruction conservative management prevailed. Repetitive debridement, controlling the intermittent infections, maintaining her nutritional status, and relieving her pain allowed spontaneous healing to occur. PMID- 718068 TI - Treatment of radiation-induced tissue injury by hyperbaric oxygen. AB - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy appears to be a beneficial adjunctive treatment modality in the management of radionecrosis of bone and soft tissue in the head and neck. The mechanism of such wound healing enhancement appears to be related to oxygen stimulation of fibroblastic activity and neovasculation. In this pilot study, involving 13 cases of refractory mandibular radionecrosis treated with hyperbaric oxygen, complete healing of soft tissue disease with covering of exposed bone has been noted in seven cases 11 to 27 months posttreatment; transient healing was seen in three cases; moderate to marked improvement in soft tissue disease has been noted in three cases. Pain relief was marked in six cases, moderate in four cases, and slight in one case of the 11 patients with significant pretreatment pain. Radiographic improvement was slight to moderate in ten cases. Four of the five patients with pathologic fractures developed a firm fibrous union of the mandibular segments during or shortly after treatment. Three additional cases of head and neck radionecrosis of other sites have noted significant improvement in their lesions during treatment. Three other patients with radionecrosis of the foot, hip, and vagina have also been treated with good results only in the vaginal case. None of the 19 patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen developed persistent or significant complications. PMID- 718069 TI - Voice spectrography in the evaluation of myasthenia gravis of the larynx. AB - Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder that affects striated muscles especially those innervated by the cranial nerves. The standard diagnostic regimen is to find a reversal of symptoms by acetylcholine esterase administration. The permanent and objective recording of this effect is the key to an accurate assessment of this test. The voice spectrograph is a noninvasive means of evaluating the voice. It has been used successfully to make a clear and specific diagnosis of myasthenia gravis as it affects the larynx. The test can be used to distinguish myasthenia gravis from other functional, anatomical and neuromuscular laryngeal disorders. PMID- 718070 TI - Impedance screening for children. PMID- 718071 TI - Control of road trauma epidemic in Australia. AB - This lecture discusses initiatives taken by the Road Trauma Committee of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons to reduce fatality and injury on Australian roads. In 1970 the Road Trauma Committee and the communications media initiated a national campaign in support of legislation for the compulsory wearing of seat belts. Public ignorance and Parliamentary inertia were countered. Victoria became the first State in the Western world to introduce this legislation. All other Australian States followed. Significant and marked reductions in fatality and injury were achieved and have been maintained. Recognising alcohol as the single most important cause of serious road crashes and injuries in Australia, the committee advocated legislation for compulsory blood alcohol tests on all adult road crash casualties. In 1973-74 legislation was enacted in South Australia and Victoria and in 1976 in Queensland. Results show that more than one-quarter of driver casualties have alcohol concentrations above the legal limit of 0.05 g%. Half of these exceed 0.15 g%. On the other hand less than 3% of the general driving population exceed the legal limit. Further advocacy led in 1976 to the enactment of random roadside breath-test legislation in Victoria. The majority of Australian convicted drinking drivers have alcohol related social problems. A quarter incur reconvictions. The conventional penal approach has failed. At present the Road Trauma Committee is campaigning for compulsory medical assessment of convicted drinking drivers. Reissue of a driving licence would be dependent upon evidence of re-education and/or rehabilitation. Pilot re-education programmes have been shown to lessen recidivism markedly. Prevention of drink-driving behaviour is the major strategy. The tactics entail deterence, improved secondary-school and driver education, and the implementation of a national policy for control of alcohol abuse. PMID- 718072 TI - The evaluation of emergency care. Development of a quantitative criterion. AB - A method based on comparing proportions of immediate and later deaths has been used in a retrospective study of fatal road traffic accidents occurring in North Yorkshire from January 1974 to July 1976. The method enables comparative data to be expressed in terms of a care index based on morbidity distribution as indicated by the ratio of immediate to later deaths. Using this method the general practitioner scheme in operation in North Yorkshire appears to give a higher standard of emergency care than elsewhere in the county. PMID- 718073 TI - A comparative study of road traffic accidents in West Malaysia. AB - The problem of road traffic accidents in developing countries is now becoming a cause for concern. This is more so as preventive measures have not kept pace with economic progress and development. This paper reviews the present situation in West Malaysia, one of the better developed countries of the East, during the period 1970 to 1975. A comparative study has been made between the United States and Malaysia. To enable the urgency of the problem in developing countries to be appreciated the increases in the country's population and in the number of vehicles in use and their relation to the lesser increase in road mileage over the period of study have been discussed. The study has considered every aspect of the causative factors leading to traffic accidents, such as the effects of weather, seasonal variation, and road and lighting conditions. The common human errors leading to accidents have been discussed. Other factors, such as the ethnic distribution in Malaysia, and their relation to road accidents have shown the effect of the social structure on the problems. The data evaluated in this study make it clear that preventive measures are very necessary in underdeveloped as well as in developed countries. PMID- 718074 TI - Diverticular disease in an indigenous African community. AB - Sixteen cases of diverticular disease of the colon occurring in an urban hospital in Ghana are described. Ten of the patients had diffuse diverticulosis affecting the greater part of the colon. Apart from a high incidence of presentation with rectal bleeding the disease shows no particular differences in manifestation from what is encountered in the advanced countries. Sixty per cent of the patients belonged to the higher social classes, but all had lived on traditional African high-residue food. Other factors as yet unknown may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 718075 TI - Acute gallbladder disease. AB - The pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of acute cholecystitis are outlined with reference to 311 cases out of a total of 631 patients treated for gallstones over a 15-year period. Operative procedures and the choice of antibiotics are discussed. PMID- 718076 TI - Prostatic cysts. AB - The classification, clinical features, and treatment of prostatic cysts are discussed with reference to 2 personal cases which differed in origin, in mode of presentation, and in the management required. PMID- 718077 TI - The role of local treatment for primary carcinoma of the breast. AB - The rationale of the conventional treatment of carcinoma of the breast by radical mastectomy is examined and is shown, in the light of modern concepts of the biology of the disease, to be faulty. It is proposed that the primary management of breast cancer should have three aims--preoperative diagnosis so that mastectomy may be avoided in patients with overtly disseminated disease, adequate local control of the disease with the maintenance of good life quality, and staging by minimal examination of the axillary contents or pectoral node biopsy as a guide to such adjuvant systemic therapy as may prove necessary. PMID- 718078 TI - [Action of contrast media solutions on cardiac hemodynamic parameters during the coronary angiography in the pig (author's transl)]. PMID- 718079 TI - Animal experiments and clinical experiences in cerebral angiography with a new contrast agent (ioxaglic acid) with a low hyperosmolality. PMID- 718080 TI - Short survey of the clinical trials with metrizamide in the vascular field. PMID- 718081 TI - Advantages of a new non ionic contrast medium. The results of animal experiments. PMID- 718082 TI - Concepts in design of improved intravascular contrast agents. PMID- 718083 TI - [Effects of coronary angiography on the left ventricular performance in coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 718084 TI - [Study of the hemodynamic action of a new contrast product with a mono-acid dimeric structure (author's transl)]. PMID- 718085 TI - Electrocardiographical changes resulting from different contrast media. PMID- 718086 TI - Extravascular distribution of intravascular meglumine diatrizoate: effect of concentration and dose. PMID- 718087 TI - Initial results of peripheral angiography without anaesthesia, by means of metrizamide. PMID- 718088 TI - Biliary excretion of urographic contrast media (iothalamate, diatrizoate, P 286 and metrizamide). PMID- 718089 TI - [Tumors of the heart: pathological anatomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 718090 TI - Cardiac tumors. Clinical features. PMID- 718091 TI - Echocardiography and cardiac tumors. PMID- 718092 TI - [Angiographic semiology of cardiac tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 718093 TI - Heart tumours. A review of 29 operated cases. PMID- 718094 TI - [Cardiac tumors: synthesis of diagnostic problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 718095 TI - Review on the research and some aspects upon the modern development of densitometry, particularly roentgen-video-computer techniques. PMID- 718096 TI - Pulmonary perfusion measurements by videodensitometry. Methods and preliminary results. PMID- 718097 TI - The lung pulse in some pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, as evaluated by cinedensigraphy a.m. Marchal. With special reference to the possibility of mass screening of lung cancer. PMID- 718098 TI - [Measurement of the renal artery flow by videodensitometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 718099 TI - Determination of the renal blood flow by videodensitometry. PMID- 718100 TI - The determination of the circulation in normal human kidneys by means of angiocinedensitometry. PMID- 718101 TI - Angiographic volume determination of the right ventricle. PMID- 718102 TI - Cardiac reconstruction in vivo. PMID- 718103 TI - The yield of angiography. 1. The yield of pancreatic angiography. PMID- 718104 TI - The diagnostic yield of angiography in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 718105 TI - Angiography versus computerized tomography. PMID- 718106 TI - Applicability of the occlusion phlebography with a balloon catheter. PMID- 718107 TI - Concentrations of organic acids in the urine of healthy newborn children. AB - Urine concentrations of organic acids were determined by a gas chromatographic technique in healthy, full-term neonates at the ages of 2 and 5 days. Significant reductions in the interindividual variation were obtained by relating the levels of organic acids to urine creatinine concentration or osmolality. Citrate was the predominant organic anion found. Urine concentrations of fumarate, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutarate, adipate, and suberate decreased during the first week of life, and their concentrations were significantly intercorrelated. It is suggested that these findings reflect the predominantly fat-utilising, hyperketonaemic state during the first days of life. The urine concentrations of the aromatic end products, p-hydroxyphenylacetate and hippurate, increased during the first week of life, probably as an effect of dietary factors. It is concluded that analysis of intermediary organic acids in urine could be of value in the assessment of the metabolic state in neonates. PMID- 718108 TI - Measurement of plasma renin activity as a valid estimation of plasma angiotensin status. AB - Measurement of plasma renin activity is widely used as an indirect assessment of plasma angiotensin II concentration. There has been some controversy over the validity of this assay as an estimate of circulating angiotensin II levels because, during the in vitro generation of angiotensin I by renin, over a period of time, substrate concentration may diminish to such an extent that it becomes rate-limiting, giving an artificially low reflection of angiotensin II levels. In this paper the initial angiotensin I concentration, that is the concentration before in vitro angiotensin I generation, has been compared with the corresponding plasma renin activity for 2752 individual plasma samples. A linear relationship was found between the initial angiotensin I concentration and the plasma renin activity below 60 ng ml-1 h-1. This indicates that, under the conditions of this assay, substrate does not appear to become rate-limiting except at exceedingly high levels of plasma renin activity. These results appear to provide further validation for the use of plasma renin activity measurement as a reflection of the concentration of circulating angiotensin II levels. PMID- 718109 TI - Evaluation of a kit for the colorimetric determination of inorganic phosphate. AB - An evaluation of a colorimetric kit method for the determination of inorganic phosphate (Pierce Phosphorus Auto/Stat Kit) is described. The within-batch and between-batch precisions were shown to fulfil current criteria, and recovery experiments, linearity studies, analyses of quality control materials, and studies of possible interfering substances evidenced good accuracy. Comparison of the results obtained on samples from patients with those obtained by the vanadate/molybdate continuous-flow method showed that the test method had a comparative positive bias. The use of a calibration reference serum as standard is recommended. The kit method is technically simple, requiring no protein precipitation, and analyses can be performed rapidly. PMID- 718110 TI - Comparison of three kits for the enzymatic determination of urea. AB - A comparative evaluation of Beckman (A), Boehringer (B), and Calbiochem (C) kits for the enzymatic end-point determination of urea has been carried out. Acceptable within-day and day-to-day precision was obtained with all kits. The recoveries obtained fulfilled the criteria of Logan (CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 1972, 3, 271-289). Correlation between the results obtained by all kit methods and the diacetyl monoxime continuous-flow method, the reference method in this study, was excellent, but all methods evidenced a net negative bias at urea levels up to at least 20 mmol/1. We recommend kit A as the most satisfactory for routine use, consider kit B to be in the main acceptable, and suggest that kit C has disadvantages regarding both the accuracy attainable with quality control materials and the lack of information on blank correction for interfering compounds. PMID- 718111 TI - Dealing with specimen problems in a computerised clinical chemistry laboratory. AB - The use of a laboratory computer system to deal with specimen problems is described. Problems such as 'insufficient material' or 'haemolysis' are entered by reception staff or by bench workers so that resolution of the problem will not be overlooked; problems are then listed and dealt with by the duty biochemist. Specimens on printed worksheets are annotated 'urgent' where appropriate. Results obtained on-line, which are above top standard, automatically cause the specimen to reappear on the next worksheet marked 'dilution required'. Data relating to its use over a three-month period are presented together with some comments on the causation of specimen problems and their prevention. PMID- 718112 TI - Drift correction--a comparative evaluation of some alternatives. AB - Three drift correction methods are described. The results obtained from computer simulation of these methods and their application to raw data obtained from a survey of multichannel continuous-flow analysers are discussed, with particular reference to the effects of each method on analytical precision and accuracy, and on between-analyser variation. A geometrically derived method of drift correction was found to be the most satisfactory. PMID- 718113 TI - [Cleft lip and cleft palate: Suggestion of a standard examination procedure and a standard record]. PMID- 718114 TI - [30 cases of cervical sequelae of burns: morphological types and special technical points]. PMID- 718116 TI - [Complications following dermabrasion in the treatment of tattoos]. PMID- 718115 TI - [Problem of splinting following osteotomy of the Lefort III type in the edentulous: a solution using transmucosal screwing of a dental prosthesis]. PMID- 718117 TI - [Congenital dermoid cysts of the nose as compared to glioma and meningocele: pathogenesis, therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 718118 TI - Prolactin secretion in patients with chromophobe adenomas of the pituitary: incidence and presentation of hyperprolactinaemia: results of surgical treatment. AB - In order to assess the frequency of hyperprolactinaemia in patients with "functionless" pituitary tumours, serum prolactin concentrations have been measured (by radioimmunoassay) in 111 patients with enlargement of the sella turcica who do not have acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome or Nelson's syndrome. The diagnosis of a chromophobe adenoma was confirmed in 76 patients who underwent surgery and was presumptive in the remaining 35. 45 of 64 (70%) patients studied before treatment and 15 of 47 assessed only after pituitary surgery had hyperprolactinaemia. Patients with raised prolactin levels usually presented with amenorrhoea or impotence, whereas reproductive disorders were rare in normoprolactinaemic patients. In many cases the presence of an underlying pituitary tumour was not initially suspected. The results of pituitary surgery were assessed in 25 patients with a chromophobe adenoma; of the 21 hyperprolactinaemic patients, surgery was most successful in those who had a small tumour treated by transsphenoidal adenomectomy. In conclusion, chromophobe adenomas formerly described as "functionless" are commonly associated with hypersecretion of prolactin and the hyperprolactinaemic patients frequently present with amenorrhoea or impotence. Prolactin levels should be measured in all patients with AMENORRHOEA or impotence and in patients with known (or suspected) pituitary tumours, before or after pituitary surgery. PMID- 718119 TI - Prolactin and female reproduction. PMID- 718120 TI - [Phaeochromocytoma with hypokalaemia (two cases) (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of phaeochromocytoma with hypokalaemia are reported. In the first, a carcinoma, hypokalaemia was potentially secondary to hyperreninaemia and hyperaldosteronism in association with probably paraneoplastic hypercorticism. The other was benign and the origin of isotopically demonstrated potassium deficiency was less clear, because hyperreninaemia, hyperaldosteronism and hypercortisolism were moderate. PMID- 718121 TI - [Role of the L. pyruvate kinase in the regulation of gluconeogenesis by glucagon (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718122 TI - [Effects of long-term 1alpha-(OH) D3 therapy on the hyperparathyroidism of children on maintenance hemodialysis (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718123 TI - [Plasma vasopressin in paired maternal-cord sera (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718124 TI - [Adrenal and plasma catecholamines levels in the edible frog under various physiological conditions (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718125 TI - [The regulation of secretions by ions screened in vivo through a nutritional model and its impact on thyroidal iodine metabolism (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718126 TI - [A new model of genetically-induced hypertension. Role of the thyroid function (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718127 TI - [Primary lymph node metastasis of a medullary carcinoma associated with a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718128 TI - [Effect of L dopa, dopamine and CB 154 on prolactin secretion from human pituitary adenomas in vitro (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718129 TI - [Growth hormone and somatomedin activity in children with anorexia nervosa, relation to weight changes (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718130 TI - [Oestrogens and clinical supervision: criterion of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal response to clomiphen citrate (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718131 TI - [The difficulties of radiographic diagnosis of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 718132 TI - Progressive dialysis encephalopathy. AB - The clinical features of 42 patients with the only recently recognized and generally fatal neurological syndrome of progressive dialysis encephalopathy are reviewed and the electroencephalographic and neuropathological findings are summarized. Despite apparently successful hemodialysis, these patients develop a wide spectrum of neurological abnormalities. Of these, sudden onset of hesitant, nonfluent speech is the most characteristic and usually the earliest sign. Both dysphasic and dysarthritic elements are found, though the former predominate. Myoclonus, dementia, seizures, and gait difficulty are also seen in the majority of these patients. EEGs are more abnormal than would be expected for the clinical severity, with some type of high-voltage spike-wave pattern intermixed with abundant slow activity. The combination of clinical and EEG features in the appropriate setting is virtually diagnostic. Transient episodes with variable periods of complete or partial remission have been recognized. Neuropathological changes are surprisingly mild and nonspecific. The cause is uncertain; current speculation focuses on aluminum as the offending neurotoxin. Treatment remains unsatisfactory. PMID- 718133 TI - Relationship of lymphocyte invasion and survival of brain tumor patients. AB - The length of survival of 149 patients harboring primary brain tumors was retrospectively correlated with the presence and location of lymphocytic infiltration. Mononuclear invasion of malignant gliomas confined to the perivascular spaces was the only histolgical finding that correlated significantly with survival. Patients with malignant gliomas containing perivascular infiltration live up to four months longer than those with no lymphocyte infiltration. The survival of patients with brain tumors who had lymphocyte invasion associated with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis beyond and separate from perivascular spaces was the same as far as for those with no lymphocyte involvement. PMID- 718134 TI - Psychiatric disturbances in neurological patients: detection, recognition, and hospital course. AB - The Mini-Mental State and General Health Questionnaire were used to detect cognitive defects and emotional disturbances, respectively, in 126 consecutively admitted neurological patients. The Mini-Mental State was revalidated in this sample as a measure related to cerebral disorder. Sixty-seven percent of the patients tested had cognitive defect, emotional disturbance, or both. Thirty percent of the patients with psychiatric disturbance were not recognized by their physician. The majority of psychiatric disturbances persisted at the time of discharge. Since psychiatric disturbances are common among neurological inpatients and are frequently unrecognized, further evaluation of the psychiatric training of neurologists is needed. Simple screening tests may help to increase the recognition of psychiatric disturbance. It is concluded that the Board requirement for neurologists to know psychiatry accurately reflects "the nature of their case material." PMID- 718135 TI - Sparing of the Onufrowicz nucleus in sacral anterior horn lesions. AB - Sacral anterior horns were examined with special reference to the Onufrowicz nucleus in 3 patients with Werdnig-Hoffman disease, 2 with healed anterior poliomyelitis, and 1 who had undergone amputation of both legs above the knee. None of these patients showed symptoms of either urethral or anal sphincter disturbances. The Onufrowicz nucleus of the second sacral anterior horn appeared normal in all the patients examined, though the lateral portion of that horn and the medial nuclear group of the third sacral segment were frequently involved. These findings support the view that the Onufrowicz nucleus may be innervating the external sphincter muscle of the urethra and the anus. PMID- 718136 TI - Acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis: increased affinity for alpha bungarotoxin. AB - Studies of the binding of 125 I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin to myasthenic motor end-plates have been interpreted as showing a decrease in the number of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors at these end-plates. Equilibrium binding studies of 125 I-tagged alpha-bungarotoxin rather than to a decreased number of receoptors. Our results show increased rather than decreased affinity of myasthenic receptors for alpha-bungarotoxin and also suggest that the number of ACh receptors is indeed reduced. The presence of a change in binding affinity, in addition to the reduced number of ACh receptors, suggests the presence of membrane changes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 718137 TI - Alteration in erythrocyte membrane structure in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Freeze-fracture studies of erythrocytes from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy revealed depletion of particles on both fracture faces of the plasma membrane. This study indicates that the structure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane is abnormal in Duchenne dystrophy and supports the concept that a generalized membrane abnormality is present in this disease. PMID- 718138 TI - Cerebral hypoperfusion in the sudden infant death syndrome? Brainstem gliosis and vasculature. AB - Gliosis is increased in the respiratory control area of the brainstem in victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), as it is in infants who have died of congenital heart disease. In the latter, the lesions appear to result from hypoxia or ischemia, and studies of the brainstem microvasculature of SIDS victims indicated a close relationship between the gliosis and adjacent vasculature. It is postulated that cerebral hypoperfusion may play a role in SIDS. PMID- 718139 TI - Brain dopamine receptor stimulation and the relief of Parkinsonism: relationship between bromocriptine and levodopa. AB - The relationship between dopamine receptor stimulation by bromocriptine or levodopa and the relief of parkinsonism was studied in 24 patients with Parkinson disease. Bromocriptine, 30 mg daily for 20 weeks, elicited an improvement in the parkinsonian clinical features, but this was less than the subsequent improvement with levodopa and benserazide, 800 mg and 200 mg daily, respectively. There was a negative correlation between the pretreatment severity of the disease or changes in cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid (HVA) and improvement in parkinsonian disability during bromocriptine treatment. Futhermore, it was found that clinical improvement and HVA responses in the cerebrospinal fluid after dopamine receptor stimulation by bromocriptine may predict the clinical response to levodopa. PMID- 718140 TI - Weakness in malignancy: evidence for a remote effect of tumor on distal axons. AB - Malignant tumors are known to have a "remote" or nonmetastatic effect on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Eight patients were seen with proximal muscle weakness in association with bronchogenic carcinoma (5), carcinoma of breast (2), and leukemia (1). Electromyography demonstrated small polyphasic motor unit potentials. Muscle biopsy, however, showed evidence of denervation. Electron microscopy revealed morphological abnormalities in the intramuscular segments of axons. This combination of EMG and biopsy findings is presented as evidence for a remote effect of tumor on the intramuscular distal axons. PMID- 718141 TI - Treatment of elevated intracranial pressure in Reye syndrome. AB - Continuous intraventricular monitoring of intracranial pressure appears to be a useful aid in the management of patients with Reye syndrome, especially those in stage 3 or 4 coma, in which the mortality rate remains high. Elevations in intracranial pressure can be treated promptly and before the patient shows clinical signs of deterioration. Careful attention to adequate airway care is essential. The use of paralytic agents to reduce pressure secondary to muscle movement is useful. The minimum dose of mannitol required can be carefully titrated, and sudden pressure changes can be combated by release of small amounts of cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 718142 TI - HLA antigens in the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic relapsing polyneuritis. AB - Forty-four patients with inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis (22 with Landry Guillain-Barre syndrome, 6 with subacute polyneuritis, and 16 with chronic relapsing polyneuritis) were typed for genetic markers in and around the HLA region of chromosome 6. Patients with chronic relapsing polyneuritis showed a definite association with HLA-AW30 and AW31 and probable associations with HLA B8, HLA-DW3, and glyoxalase I. No significant associations were demonstrated with the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome although an increase in glyoxalase I was significant if combined with the results of typing in chronic relapsing polyneuritis. The total patient group showed significant increases in HLA-AW30, HLA-AW31, and HLA-DW3. The results support the view that HLA-linked genetic factors influence susceptibility to chronic relapsing polyneuritis and may contribute to the differences in clinical patterns observed in inflammatory demyelination of the peripheral nervous system. PMID- 718143 TI - Choline levels in plasma of myasthenia gravis patients and normal individuals. PMID- 718144 TI - Multiple sclerosis and house dogs. PMID- 718145 TI - [Aspects of the therapeutic action of proteolytic enzymes and antibiotics in experimental staphylococcal infection. The effect of lincomycin, chymotrypsin and their combinations on leukocyte phagocytic activity]. AB - The effect of leucomycin, chimotrypsin and their combination on the leucocyte phagocytic activity was studied on mice with experimental staphylococcal infection. Lincomycin and chimotrypsin were administered in doses of 150 and 2 mg/kg respectively. In the study of the leucocyte phagocytic activity it was found on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days after the beginning of the animal infection and treatment that the experimental staphylococcal infection stimulated the non-specific phagocytosis. Lincomycin inhibited the leucocyte phagocytic activity. The use of chimotrypsin in the process of the staphylococcal infection treatment resulted in increased phagocytosis activity. The combined use of chimotrypsin and leucomycin decreased the inhibitory effect of the latter on phagocytosis. PMID- 718146 TI - [Sensitivity study of dog kidney membrane-bound ribosomes to the action of amphotericin B in vitro]. AB - The effect of amphotericin B on the number of the ribosomes bound with the endoplasmic membranes in the dog kidney cells was studied in vitro. The binding of the ribosomes was evident from the RNA/protein ratio. It was found that the RNA/protein ratio in the rough membranes treated with amphotericin B in a concentration of Igamma/ml remained at the normal level. An increase in the antibiotic concentration up to 100 gamma/ml did not either change the number of the ribosomes bound to the membranes. On the basis of the results of the study it was possible to conclude that the toxic effect of amphotericin B on the kidneys was not associated with damaging of the ribosomal-membrane complexes in the kidney cells. PMID- 718147 TI - [Growth kinetics model of the oxytetracycline producer taking into account the concentrations of 2 substrates]. AB - The effect of starch and ammonium sulphate on the growth of the oxytetracycline producing organism was studied using the procedure of acute experiments. It was proposed to use a mathematical model for description of the dependences taking into account the possibility of limiting or suppressing the growth of the culture by any of the above substrates as dependent on their ratio in the medium. Satisfactory confirmity of the model to the experimental data was shown. It was noted that similar models may be successfully used for description of such dependences as curves with flat plateau in the region of the maximum which are often met in microbiological processes. PMID- 718148 TI - [Effect of the cultivation temperature on the dynamics of the ATP and ADP levels and on the growth of P. nigricans Thom. Strains in the presence of various carbon sources]. AB - The effect of the medium high temperature (28--28.6 degrees C) on the yield of the dry mycelium and the levels of ATP and ADP in the cells of the highly and low productive strains of P. nigricans Thom, 117 and B at different developmental periods (2, 5, 9 and 13 days) on the mineral medium using glucose, succinate or acetate as the carbon sources was studied. It was shown that the effect of the high temperature depended on the strain and the carbon source. The growth stimulating effect of this factor observed in strain 117 grown on the media with the above carbon sources and strain B grown on the media with glucose and acetate as the carbon sources was evident at different periods and later replaced by suppression. The growth of strain 177 in the presence of succinate was not inhibited, while that of strain B was suppressed during the whole developmental cycle. Such an effect of high temperature on the culture growth was the result of different supply of energy in the form of ATP to the strains which was confirmed by the study of the dynamics of the levels of ATP and ADP and their ratio in the strains during the developmental process. PMID- 718149 TI - [Stability of drug resistance in staphylococci under various conditions and the effect on it of prolonged culture storage on artificial nutrient media]. AB - The literature and experimental data on stability of resistance ot benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin and methicillin in staphylococci stored for prolonged periods of time on artificial nutrient media were systematized. When the staphylococcal cultures were not in contact iwth the antibiotics for 5 to 18 months, sensitive cells to separate drugs were detected in 51.0--67.4 per cent of the strains. The number of such cells in the populations of some strains ranged from 1 to 100.0 per cent. The effect of the resistance multiplicity on the stability of resistance to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin was not observed. PMID- 718150 TI - [Dynamics of the changes in the level of antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococci isolated in 1959-1977]. AB - The study of antibiotic sensitivity in staphylococci isolated from the patients in the clinic of the N. N. Burdenko Research Institute of Neurosurgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in 1977 showed that in this stationary in 1977 predominated cultures resistant to benzylpenicillin. The number of the isolates resistant to streptomycin, levomycetin and erythromycin was high. The percentage of the strains resistant to tetracycline was the least. Still up to 1973 the resistance level to tetracycline among staphylococci was high. Possibly such a dynamics of the changes in the staphylococcal sensitivity to tetracycline was relative and mainly defined by the changes in the system of the results estimation using the paper disc procedure. PMID- 718151 TI - [Distribution, concentration and the interrelationship of free and bound tetracycline in the body of animals with multiple administrations]. AB - When tetracycline was used for a long period of time, constant changes in the distribution regularities of free and bound fractions of the drug were observed. The changes were accompanied by a successive increase in the concentrations of both the fractions in the animal organs, tissues and fluids, as well as by a change in their levels, accumulation rate and percentage content. PMID- 718152 TI - Prediction of cefazolin penetration in high- and low-protein-containing extravascular fluid: new method for performing simultaneous studies. AB - The effect of extravascular fluid protein concentration and drug-protein binding was studied in rabbits with subcutaneously implanted Visking chambers. Chambers containing serum or saline were simultaneously studied in three animals by injecting cefazolin (30 mg/kg) intramuscularly every 4 h for four doses. Five additional animals were then studied for an 8-h period while receiving two doses of cefazolin. Peak and trough serum and chamber fluid were assayed for cefazolin concentration. The three-animal experiment demonstrated that equilibrium in the subcutaneous chambers was reached after two intramuscular injections and that the extravascular fluid levels were stable in comparison to the wide fluctuation of the serum levels. The five-animal experiment demonstrated that after two doses the serum-filled chambers contained 12.9 mug of cefazolin per ml, whereas saline filled chambers contained 1.8 mug of cefazolin per ml. Ratios of chamber to peak serum for the second study were 12.4% for serum chambers and 1.7% for saline chambers. The cefazolin concentration in high-and low-protein extravascular fluid in both studies could be predicted from the logarithmic mean of the peak and trough serum cefazolin concentration and the antibiotic binding to rabbit serum and extravascular fluid proteins. These observations explain the previously published apparent discrepancies seen in studies of extravascular penetration of highly protein-bound antibiotics such as cefazolin. PMID- 718154 TI - SCE-963, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities. AB - SCE-963 {7beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-[({1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)- 1H-tetrazol-5-yl}thio)methyl]-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid}, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, showed excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae, indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter freundii. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of SCE-963 against most strains of clinically isolated Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Proteus mirabilis were within the range of 0.2 to 0.78 mug/ml. These activities were about 10 times more potent than those of cefazolin, cephaloridine, and cephalothin. Variations in pH, addition of horse serum, and type of growth medium had no significant effect on the activity of the cephalosporin, but the inoculum size elicited a considerable effect on the activity of beta-lactamase-producing strains of bacteria. SCE-963 exerted bactericidal and bacteriolytic effects on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The pronounced in vitro activity was reflected in the remarkable protection in mice infected with a wide range of gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus morganii, and Proteus rettgeri. The protective effects of SCE-963 in mice infected with E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. vulgaris varied according to the challenge dose. The activity of SCE-963 was far more potent when the drug was administered parenterally rather than orally. PMID- 718153 TI - Susceptibility of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni to twenty-nine antimicrobial agents. AB - The activity of 29 antimicrobial agents was tested against 95 strains of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni isolated from human stools. Furazolidone and gentamycin were the most active agents. The tetracyclines, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol were very active against most of the strains, but with each antibiotic a few resistant strains were found. The penicillins were relatively inactive, and the cephalosporins tested were only active against occasional strains. PMID- 718155 TI - Effect on antibiotics on protease production by a viridans streptococcus. AB - A viridans streptococcus (Streptococcus MG intermedius 974) isolated from a confirmed case of subacute bacterial endocarditis was studied for the production of extracellular proteases during exponential growth and after penicillin (0.10 mug/ml) and/or streptomycin (20 mug/ml) treatment. Exponentially growing cultures produced a variety of extracellular proteases, as determined by the elution profiles of active proteins from Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose 4B columns. Examination of supernatant fluids from cultures of S. MG intermedius treated with penicillin or streptomycin for 12 h indicated a reduction of at least 50% in the number of different proteolytic species produced. However, some of the proteases produced by the cultures during penicillin or streptomycin treatment had significantly higher specific activities when compared with proteases produced by exponentially growing cells. The combination of penicillin and streptomycin further reduced both the number and the specific activities of the extracellular proteases on a cell dry weight basis. PMID- 718156 TI - Comparative susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole, ornidazole, and SC-28538. AB - The susceptibilities of 284 anaerobic bacteria, including 55 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, were determined by an agar dilution technique to metronidazole and two newer nitroimidazoles, ornidazole and SC-28538. All three agents showed marked in vitro activity against virtually all anaerobic bacteria tested. At concentrations 1 mug/ml, the activities of all three agents were comparable. Propionibacterium and Actinomyces showed significant resistance to all three agents. Anaerobic and microaerophilic members of the genus Streptococcus were also often resistant, in contrast to Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus strains. In addition, the bactericidal activities of ornidazole and SC-28538 were determined against 27 strains of the B. fragilis group by a broth dilution technique. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of each agent were very close. At concentrations of /=2 mug/ml, the activies of both agents were similar. PMID- 718157 TI - Concentration relationships of cefaclor in serum, interstitial fluid, bile, and urine of dogs. AB - The concentrations of cefaclor in the serum, urine, bile, and tissue fluids of the abdominal wall, kidney, and liver of dogs were compared over a 4-h period after oral administration of a single dose of this drug. The concentration of cefaclor in the soft-tissue interstitial fluid peaked 2 h after administration, thereby demonstrating a diffusion rate similar to those of other cephalosporins. Both urine and bile concentrations greatly exceeded the serum levels, whereas none of the tissue fluid concentrations were greater than the serum concentrations at the times of measurement. PMID- 718158 TI - Safety of oral vancomycin in functionally anephric patients. AB - Administration of a vancomycin oral solution, 2 g daily for 16 days, to functionally anephric patients without inflammatory bowel disease resulted in assayable but low (