UI - 97479605 PM - 9339686 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Rosenbaum JL AU - Almli CR AU - Yundt KD AU - Altman DI AU - Powers WJ TI - Higher neonatal cerebral blood flow correlates with worse childhood neurologic outcome. MH - Cerebrovascular Circulation/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - *Child Development MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Human MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Intelligence MH - *Nervous System Physiology MH - Neurologic Examination MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Tomography, Emission-Computed DP - 1997 Oct TA - Neurology IS - 0028-3878 JC - NZ0 PG - 1035-1041 IP - 4 VI - 49 AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in newborn infants is often below levels necessary to sustain brain viability in adults. Controversy exists regarding the effects of such low CBF on subsequent neurologic function. We determined the current childhood neurologic status and IQ in 26 subjects who had measurements of CBF performed with PET in the neonatal period between 1983 and 1989 as part of a study of hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy. Follow-up information at ages 4 to 12 years was obtained on all 26 subjects. Ten subjects had died. All 16 survivors underwent clinical neurologic evaluation, and 14 also underwent intelligence testing. Eight had abnormal clinical neurologic evaluations; eight were normal. The mean neonatal CBF in those with abnormal childhood neurologic outcome was significantly higher than in those with normal childhood neurologic outcome (35.64 +/- 11.80 versus 18.26 +/- 8.62 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1), t = 3.36, p = 0.005). A significant negative correlation between neonatal CBF and childhood IQ was demonstrated (Spearman rank correlation r = -0.675, p = 0.008). Higher CBF was associated with lower IQ. The higher CBF in subjects with worse neurologic and intellectual outcome may reflect greater loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation or other vascular regulatory mechanisms due to more severe brain damage. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO 63110, USA. SO - Neurology 1997 Oct;49(4):1035-1041 UI - 98018928 PM - 9357896 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Rossner KL AU - Freese KJ TI - Bupivacaine inhibition of L-type calcium current in ventricular cardiomyocytes of hamster. MH - Anesthetics, Local/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Bupivacaine/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Calcium Channels/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Hamsters MH - Heart/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Male MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine) RN - 0 (Calcium Channels) RN - 0 (Anesthetics, Local) RN - 0 (dihydropyridine receptor) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Anesthesiology IS - 0003-3022 JC - 4SG PG - 926-934 IP - 4 VI - 87 AB - BACKGROUND: The local anesthetic bupivacaine is cardiotoxic when accidentally injected into the circulation. Such cardiotoxicity might involve an inhibition of cardiac L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L). This study was designed to define the mechanism of bupivacaine inhibition of ICa,L. METHODS: Cardiomyocytes were enzymatically dispersed from hamster ventricles. Certain voltage- and time-dependencies of ICa,L were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp method in the presence and absence of different concentrations of bupivacaine. RESULTS: Bupivacaine, in a concentration-dependent manner (10-300 microM), tonically inhibited the peak amplitude of ICa,L. The inhibition was characterized by an increase in the time of recovery from inactivation and a negative-voltage shift of the steady-state inactivation curve. The inhibition was shown to be voltage-dependent, and the peak amplitude of ICa,L could not be restored to control levels by a wash from bupivacaine. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of ICa,L appears, in part, to result from bupivacaine predisposing L-type Ca channels to the inactivated state. Data from washout suggest that there may be two mechanisms of inhibition at work. Bupivacaine may bind with low affinity to the Ca channel and also affect an unidentified metabolic component that modulates Ca channel function. AD - Department of Anesthesiology, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA. krossner@epo.som.sunysb.edu SO - Anesthesiology 1997 Oct;87(4):926-934 UI - 97443327 PM - 9298188 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Shi Y AU - Weimer PJ AU - Ralph J TI - Formation of formate and hydrogen, and flux of reducing equivalents and carbon in Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1. MH - Acetates/*METABOLISM MH - Anaerobiosis MH - Bacterial Proteins/METABOLISM/ANALYSIS MH - Carbon Dioxide/METABOLISM MH - Cellobiose/METABOLISM MH - Cellulose/METABOLISM MH - Fermentation MH - Formates/*METABOLISM MH - Gram-Positive Cocci/*METABOLISM/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/ENZYMOLOGY MH - Hydrogen/*METABOLISM MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Hydrogenase/METABOLISM MH - Lactic Acid/METABOLISM MH - Phosphoenolpyruvate/METABOLISM MH - Pyruvic Acid/METABOLISM MH - Succinic Acid/*METABOLISM MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN - 9004-34-6 (Cellulose) RN - 73-89-2 (Phosphoenolpyruvate) RN - 50-21-5 (Lactic Acid) RN - 16462-44-5 (Cellobiose) RN - 1333-74-0 (Hydrogen) RN - 127-17-3 (Pyruvic Acid) RN - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide) RN - 110-15-6 (Succinic Acid) RN - 0 (Formates) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (Acetates) RN - EC 1.18.99.1 (Hydrogenase) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek IS - 0003-6072 JC - 6JE PG - 101-109 IP - 2 VI - 72 AB - A pathway for conversion of the metabolic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the formation of acetate, succinate, formate, and H2 in the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was constructed on the basis of enzyme activities detected in extracts of cells grown in cellulose- or cellobiose-limited continuous culture. PEP was converted to acetate and CO2 (via pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetate kinase) or carboxylated to form succinate (via PEP carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase). Lactate was not formed even during rapid growth (batch culture, mu = 0.35/h). H2 was formed by a hydrogenase rather than by cleavage of formate, and 13C-NMR and 14C-exchange reaction data indicated that formate was produced by CO2 reduction, not by a cleavage of pyruvate. The distribution of PEP into the acetate and succinate pathways was not affected by changing extracellular pH and growth rates within the normal growth range. However, increasing growth rate from 0.017/h to 0.244/h resulted in a shift toward formate production, presumably at the expense of H2. This shift suggested that reducing equivalents could be balanced through formate or H2 production without affecting the yields of the major carbon-containing fermentation endproducts. AD - Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA. SO - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1997 Aug;72(2):101-109 UI - 97408530 PM - 9263049 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Mallinckrodt CH AU - Golden BL AU - Reverter A TI - Approximate confidence intervals for heritability from method R estimates. MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Animal MH - Animals, Domestic/*GENETICS MH - Confidence Intervals MH - Female MH - *Genetics/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Male MH - *Models, Genetic MH - Phenotype MH - Time Factors DP - 1997 Aug TA - J Anim Sci IS - 0021-8812 JC - HC7 PG - 2041-2046 IP - 8 VI - 75 AB - Method R estimates of heritability (h2) and associated confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from simulated data using a single trait, direct effects, full animal model, with 50% subsampling. Five hundred data sets were simulated for each of five levels of h2 (.10, .20, .30, .40, and .50) and two types of pedigree structure (random pedigree structure [N = 2,000] that varied over simulations, or the pedigree structure from a real data set [N = 2,644] that was constant for all simulations). The first 10, 20, and all 50 h2 estimates were used to obtain 80, 90, 95, and 99% CI for each data set. The variance of h2 estimates within data sets approximated the sampling variance of the h2 estimates. The Box-Cox transformation was used to normalize the distribution of estimates from each data set. Confidence intervals were computed on the transformed scale as CI = mu +/- (T x sigma), where mu and sigma = the mean and SD of the N transformed h2 estimates, respectively, and T = the critical value from the T distribution for a 1-alpha CI, with df = N-1. Upper and lower CI bounds were converted back to the original scale by reversing the transformation. The percentages of CI containing the true h2 value, pooled across all levels of h2, types of pedigree, and number of estimates used to obtain CI, for 80, 90, 95, and 99% CI were 81.14, 90.96, 95.27, and 98.76%, respectively. These results suggested that Method R h2 estimates can be used to obtain reliable CI. AD - Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA. SO - J Anim Sci 1997 Aug;75(8):2041-2046 UI - 97453431 PM - 9308130 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Therneau TM AU - Hamilton SA TI - rhDNase as an example of recurrent event analysis. MH - Adult MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Child MH - Cystic Fibrosis/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Data Collection/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Deoxyribonuclease I/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Expectorants/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*THERAPY MH - Human MH - Interferon-gamma, Recombinant/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - *Mathematical Computing MH - *Models, Statistical MH - Randomized Controlled Trials/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Recombinant Proteins/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Risk MH - *Software MH - *Survival Analysis MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Interferon-gamma, Recombinant) RN - 0 (Expectorants) RN - EC 3.1.21.1 (Deoxyribonuclease I) RN - EC 3.1.- (dornase alfa) DP - 1997 Sep 30 TA - Stat Med IS - 0277-6715 JC - SIM PG - 2029-2047 IP - 18 VI - 16 AB - We consider counting process methods for analysing time-to-event data with multiple or recurrent outcomes, using the models developed by Anderson and Gill, Wei, Lin and Weissfeld and Prentice, Williams and Peterson. We compare the methods, and show how to implement them using popular statistical software programs. By analysing three data sets, we illustrate the strengths and pitfalls of each method. The first example is simulated and involves the effect of a hidden covariate. The second is based on a trial of gamma interferon, and behaves remarkably like the first. The third and most interesting example involves both multiple events and discontinuous intervals at risk, and the three approaches give dissimilar answers. We recommend the AG and marginal models for the analysis of this type of data. AD - Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, USA. SO - Stat Med 1997 Sep 30;16(18):2029-2047 UI - 97461352 PM - 9317033 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ghosh SK AU - Samuelson J TI - Involvement of p21racA, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and vacuolar ATPase in phagocytosis of bacteria and erythrocytes by Entamoeba histolytica: suggestive evidence for coincidental evolution of amebic invasiveness. MH - Ammonium Chloride/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Androstadienes/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Antibiotics, Macrolide/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Bacteria MH - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Entamoeba histolytica/*PATHOGENICITY/GENETICS/CYTOLOGY MH - Erythrocytes MH - Evolution MH - G-Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Immunologic Capping MH - Leucine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Macrophages/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Models, Biological MH - Monensin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Mutation MH - Phagocytosis/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Pinocytosis MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transformation, Genetic MH - Vacuoles/PHYSIOLOGY MH - 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/*METABOLISM/GENETICS RN - 7005-03-0 (Leucine) RN - 66701-25-5 (E 64) RN - 19545-26-7 (wortmannin) RN - 17090-79-8 (Monensin) RN - 127315-79-1 (rac proteins) RN - 12125-02-9 (Ammonium Chloride) RN - 0 (G-Proteins) RN - 0 (Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Macrolide) RN - 0 (Androstadienes) RN - EC 2.7.1.137 (1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Infect Immun IS - 0019-9567 JC - GO7 PG - 4243-4249 IP - 10 VI - 65 AB - Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that causes amebic dysentery, phagocytose bacteria in the colonic lumen and erythrocytes (RBC) in host tissues. Because tissue invasion is an evolutionary dead end, it is likely that amebic pathogenicity is coincidentally selected, i.e., the same methods used to kill bacteria in the colonic lumen are used by parasites to damage host cells and cause disease. In support of this idea, the amebic lectin and pore- forming peptide are involved in binding and killing, respectively, bacteria and host epithelial cells. Here amebic phagocytosis of bacteria, RBC, and mucin-coated beads was disrupted by overexpression of E. histolytica p21(racA-V12), a ras-family protein involved in selection of sites of actin polymerization, which had been mutated to eliminate its GTPase activity. p21(racA-V12) transformants were also defective in capping and cytokinesis, while pinocytosis of fluorescent dextrans was not affected. Wortmannin, a fungal inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, markedly inhibited phagocytosis of bacteria, RBC, and mucin-coated beads by wild-type amebae. In contrast to p21(racA-V12) overexpression, wortmannin abolished amebic pinocytosis of dextrans but had no inhibitory effects on capping. Inhibition of amebic vacuolar acidification by bafilomycin also decreased bacterial and RBC uptake. These results, which demonstrate similarities between mechanisms of phagocytosis of bacteria and RBC by amebae and macrophages, support the idea of coincidental selection of amebic genes encoding proteins that mediate destruction of host cells. AD - Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. SO - Infect Immun 1997 Oct;65(10):4243-4249 UI - 97470578 PM - 9331038 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Crawford RW AU - Ellis AM AU - Gie GA AU - Ling RS TI - Intra-articular local anaesthesia for pain after hip arthroplasty. MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Anesthetics, Local/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Arthrography MH - Bupivacaine/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Hip Prosthesis/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Human MH - Injections, Intra-Articular MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Pain Measurement MH - Pain, Postoperative/RADIOGRAPHY/*ETIOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Prosthesis Failure RN - 2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine) RN - 0 (Anesthetics, Local) DP - 1997 Sep TA - J Bone Joint Surg Br IS - 0301-620X JC - HK7 PG - 796-800 IP - 5 VI - 79 AB - We investigated 15 patients with painful hip arthroplasties using intra- articular injection of bupivicaine. Fourteen had pain relief and 13 of them were subsequently found to have loosening of one or both components. The relief of pain after total hip arthroplasty by intra- articular injection of bupivicaine indicates that a satisfactory result is probable after revision surgery with refixation of the components. AD - Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Hospital, Exeter, UK. SO - J Bone Joint Surg Br 1997 Sep;79(5):796-800 UI - 98021690 PM - 9382160 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ifudu O AU - Macey LJ AU - Homel P AU - Hyppolite JC AU - Hong J AU - Sumrani N AU - Distant D AU - Sommer BG AU - Friedman EA TI - Determinants of type of initial hemodialysis vascular access. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - *Catheters, Indwelling/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Comparative Study MH - Decision Making MH - Female MH - Graft Occlusion, Vascular/ETIOLOGY MH - Hemodialysis/*METHODS MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Chronic/THERAPY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Polytetrafluoroethylene/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Prospective Studies MH - Sex Factors MH - Thrombosis/ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY RN - 9002-84-0 (Polytetrafluoroethylene) DP - 1997 TA - Am J Nephrol IS - 0250-8095 JC - 3MB PG - 425-427 IP - 5 VI - 17 AB - Vascular access thrombosis is more common with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts than with native arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). Recent studies report an unexplained excess vascular access morbidity in women on hemodialysis. We studied 92 consecutive end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving their first permanent hemodialysis vascular access at initiation of hemodialysis to identify variables that determine assignment of either a PTFE graft or a native AVF. Independent variables included: age, gender, race, etiology of ESRD, and whether or not access surgery was electively planned before need for dialytic therapy. The 51 women and 41 men included 65 blacks, 13 Hispanics, 11 whites, and 3 Orientals aged 50 +/- (SD) 16 years. Of the 92 subjects, 54 (59%) received an AVF, while 38 (41%) received a PTFE graft. 36 (94%) of 38 PTFE grafts were placed in the upper arm as compared with 9 (17%) of 54 AVF (p = 0.0001). Also, 45 (83%) of 54 AVF were placed in the forearm as compared with only 2 (6%) of 38 PTFE grafts (p = 0.0001). Women were more likely to receive a PTFE graft - 28 (55%) of 51 - than men - 10 (24%) of 41 (p = 0.003). By contrast, men were more likely to get an AVF - 31 (76%) of 41 - than women - 23 (45 %) of 51 (p = 0.003). The log linear analysis confirmed that this finding was significant (p = 0.0018) for the coefficient of interaction between gender and type of vascular access. No other independent variable had a significant relationship with type of vascular access. We conclude that women with ESRD are more likely to receive a PTFE graft for hemodialysis, while men are more likely to get an AVF. These findings may explain, in part, the reported excess vascular access morbidity in women on hemodialysis. AD - Department of Medicine, Scientific and Academic Computing Center, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203, USA. SO - Am J Nephrol 1997 ;17(5):425-427 UI - 97446537 PM - 9301125 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Oki T AU - Yamazaki Y AU - Furumai T AU - Igarashi Y TI - Pradimicin, a mannose-binding antibiotic, induced carbohydrate-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells. MH - Antibiotics/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Antibiotics, Anthracycline/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Antigens, Surface/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Apoptosis/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Carbohydrates/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Cell Line MH - DNA, Neoplasm/CHEMISTRY/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel MH - Human MH - Leukemia, Myeloid/METABOLISM MH - Mannose/METABOLISM MH - Oligosaccharides/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - 1-Deoxynojirimycin/PHARMACOLOGY RN - 31103-86-3 (Mannose) RN - 19130-96-2 (1-Deoxynojirimycin) RN - 0 (Oligosaccharides) RN - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm) RN - 0 (Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Antigens, Surface) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Anthracycline) RN - 0 (Antibiotics) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Biosci Biotechnol Biochem IS - 0916-8451 JC - BDP PG - 1408-1410 IP - 8 VI - 61 AB - Pradimicin (PRM), a mannose-binding antifungal antibiotic, recognizes a D-mannoside in the presence of calcium. We demonstrated that BMY-28864, a semi-synthetic analog of PRM, induced apoptosis in U937 cells which had been incubated with 1-deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ). Characteristic morphological changes such as formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation were observed in apoptotic cells. AD - Toyama Prefectural University, Biotechnology Research Center, Japan. oki@pu-toyama.ac.jp SO - Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997 Aug;61(8):1408-1410 UI - 98018494 PM - 9378488 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kadena T AU - Matsuzaki G AU - Fujise S AU - Kishihara K AU - Takimoto H AU - Sasaki M AU - Beppu M AU - Nakamura S AU - Nomoto K TI - TCR alpha beta+ CD4- CD8- T cells differentiate extrathymically in an lck-independent manner and participate in early response against Listeria monocytogenes infection through interferon-gamma production. MH - Animal MH - Antigens, CD4/ANALYSIS MH - Antigens, CD8/ANALYSIS MH - Ascitic Fluid/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Cell Culture MH - Cell Differentiation/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Cytokines/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Female MH - Gene Expression MH - Interferon Type II/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Listeria Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/IMMUNOLOGY/*DEFICIENCY MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred Strains MH - Mice, Knockout MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*ANALYSIS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*IMMUNOLOGY RN - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II) RN - 0 (Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD8) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD4) RN - EC 2.7.11.- (Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Immunology IS - 0019-2805 JC - GH7 PG - 511-519 IP - 4 VI - 91 AB - T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta+ CD4- CD8- (double-negative; DN) T cells appear in the peritoneal cavity at an early stage of intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. In the present report, we analysed the developmental pathway and functions of the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells using the L. monocytogenes infection system. The TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells appeared in the peritoneal cavity after L. monocytogenes i.p. infection in adult-thymectomized lethally irradiated bone marrow chimeras and p56lck-deficient mice. The results demonstrated that the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells can develop extrathymically in a p56lck- independent manner. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) analysis showed that the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells expressed genes for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), the macrophage chemotactic factors MCP-1 and Eta-1, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) but lacked expression of genes for interleukin-2 (IL- 2), IL-4 and IL-10. As expected from the RT-PCR analysis, the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells produced IFN-gamma in response to anti-TCR beta monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti-CD3 mAb and L. monocytogenes-infected macrophages but IL-4 was undetectable after the stimulation. Furthermore, the intracellular cytokine staining analysis demonstrated that approximately half of the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells detectable at the early stage of L. monocytogenes infection were IFN-gamma-producing cells. All of the results suggest that the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells develop through a unique extrathymic p56lck-independent pathway and participate in early protection against bacterial infection through activation and accumulation of macrophages. AD - Department of Immunology, Kyushu University, Japan. SO - Immunology 1997 Aug;91(4):511-519 UI - 97443625 PM - 9298438 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Mohr DC AU - Goodkin DE AU - Likosky W AU - Beutler L AU - Gatto N AU - Langan MK TI - Identification of Beck Depression Inventory items related to multiple sclerosis. MH - Adult MH - Depressive Disorder/*PSYCHOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - Female MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Multiple Sclerosis/*PSYCHOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - Personality Inventory/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Psychometrics MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Sick Role MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DP - 1997 Aug TA - J Behav Med IS - 0160-7715 JC - J58 PG - 407-414 IP - 4 VI - 20 AB - The percentage contribution of each item on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to the total BDI score was compared across patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, and normal college students. We considered an item to be confounded by MS-related symptoms if its percentage contribution to the total BDI score was significantly greater in the MS group than the major depression and control groups. Items measuring work difficulty, fatigue, and concerns about health met this criterion. These items accounted for 34, 17, and 19% of the total BDI score in the MS, major depression, and control groups, respectively. Using the 18-item BDI (BDI-18) which resulted from excluding the 3 confounded items, MS patients found to be were more depressed than controls but less depressed than the major depression group. The identification of signs of depression not confounded with MS which could be substituted for confounded signs was also discussed. AD - UCSF/Mt. Zion MS Center 94115-1642, USA. SO - J Behav Med 1997 Aug;20(4):407-414 UI - 97425672 PM - 9279722 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Flehmig B AU - Staedele H AU - Xueref C AU - Vidor E AU - Zuckerman J AU - Zuckerman A TI - Early appearance of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination with an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*ANALYSIS MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Hepatitis A/PREVENTION & CONTROL MH - Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Radioimmunoassay MH - Vaccines, Inactivated/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE RN - 0 (Viral Hepatitis Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (hepatitis A vaccine) DP - 1997 Jul TA - J Infect IS - 0163-4453 JC - IG9 PG - 37-40 IP - 1 VI - 35 AB - Sera from 30 subjects vaccinated with the Pasteur Merieux Serums & Vaccins (PM) inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, and from 30 subjects vaccinated with the Smithkline Beecham (SB) inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, were tested in two laboratories in order to provide comparative data on neutralizing activities of vaccine-induced antibodies. Sera were also evaluated by a modified radioimmunoassay (mRIA) and results were compared to neutralization assays results. Neutralizing antibody titres provided by the two laboratories correlated well (coefficient or correlation 0.42, P < 0.001). Neutralizing antibodies were detected after vaccination with both vaccines, and the kinetics of neutralizing antibody were the same with both vaccines. The titres gradually increased between the second week after the first dose and the post-booster dose (week 28). A strong booster effect of the booster vaccine dose on neutralizing titres was observed. Significantly higher neutralizing antibody titres with the PM vaccine were observed as early immune response on week 2 titres on both series of results. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titres and vaccine-induced antibody mRIA titres correlated well (coefficient of correlation 0.82 and 0.72, respectively, P < 0.0001 in both cases). These results demonstrate early appearance of neutralizing antibody at high titre with the PM vaccine. AD - Hygiene-Institut der Universitat Tubingen, Abteilung fur Medizinische Virologie und Epidemiologie der Viruskrankheiten, Germany. SO - J Infect 1997 Jul;35(1):37-40 UI - 98031862 PM - 9366534 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Yang WT AU - Yeo W AU - Leung SF AU - Chan YL AU - Johnson PJ AU - Metreweli C TI - MRI and CT of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma causing spinal cord compression. MH - Adult MH - Bone Neoplasms/*SECONDARY/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*SECONDARY/DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS MH - Case Report MH - Fatal Outcome MH - Female MH - Human MH - Liver Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY MH - *Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Spinal Cord Compression/*ETIOLOGY MH - Spinal Neoplasms/SECONDARY/COMPLICATIONS MH - *Tomography, X-Ray Computed DP - 1997 Oct TA - Clin Radiol IS - 0009-9260 JC - DIU PG - 755-760 IP - 10 VI - 52 AB - We report the imaging features in five patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma causing spinal cord compression, three of which were biopsy proven and two were in patients with known diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) features are highlighted. Although the occurrence of metastatic disease in hepatocellular carcinoma is exceedingly rare, it may be increasingly encountered as survival of patients is improved with advancing methods of therapy, both surgical and palliative. It often accompanies local recurrence, and invariably signals a grave prognosis with extremely short life expectancy. Unusually, two of the five patients in this series presented initially with skeletal metastases which led to the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. AD - Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Organ Imaging, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. SO - Clin Radiol 1997 Oct;52(10):755-760 UI - 97438897 PM - 9293364 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Tripp HF AU - Robicsek F AU - Thomason M AU - Thubrikar M TI - Transected thoracic aorta: age-specific differences in incidence and possible reasons. MH - Accidents, Traffic/MORTALITY MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Aorta, Thoracic/SURGERY/*INJURIES MH - Aortic Rupture/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - North Carolina/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Registries/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Factors MH - Survival Analysis MH - Thoracic Injuries/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY MH - Wounds, Nonpenetrating/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY DP - 1997 Jun TA - Cardiovasc Surg IS - 0967-2109 JC - B39 PG - 291-294 IP - 3 VI - 5 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of aortic transaction in relation to age, and to examine possible reasons for the observed differences. Data from the North Carolina Medical Database over a 7-year period were examined for the total number of motor vehicle accident victims and for the subset with aortic rupture, based on age at presentation. Data were then divided into 10-year intervals and the differences analyzed using chi-square analysis. Differences among various age groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The highest rate was in the 21-30-year-old age group and average incidence for all ages was 0.7%. High incidence of aortic transaction in the 21-30-year-old group may be due to an increase in high-risk behaviors in such persons, to an improved survival compared with other age ranges, or to an inherent susceptibility of the aorta at this stage of life. These data have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic transaction and should be taken into account when developing practice guidelines for its management. AD - Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Carolinas Heart Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, North Carolina, USA. SO - Cardiovasc Surg 1997 Jun;5(3):291-294 UI - 97430226 PM - 9377289 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Martinez Perez-Balsa A AU - Marti-Masso JF AU - Carrera N AU - Urtasun M TI - Clinical variability of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Amnesia/ETIOLOGY MH - Ataxia/ETIOLOGY MH - Basal Ganglia Diseases/ETIOLOGY MH - Case Report MH - Cerebellum/PATHOLOGY MH - *Cerebral Infarction/PATHOLOGY/COMPLICATIONS MH - Consciousness Disorders/ETIOLOGY MH - Dysarthria/ETIOLOGY MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Ocular Motility Disorders/ETIOLOGY MH - Thalamus/PATHOLOGY/*BLOOD SUPPLY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Rev Neurol IS - 0210-0010 JC - CG9 PG - 1353-1362 IP - 145 VI - 25 AB - INTRODUCTION: Thalamic infarcts in paramedian artery territory are seen fairly frequently owing to certain peculiarities of the vascularization of the thalamus. However, clinical diagnosis is usually difficult because of the many varieties and peculiarities of the symptomatology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a review of twelve cases of bilateral paramedian infarcts of the thalamus seen in our Department of Neurology and in a private surgery. We analyze the symptoms and their relationship to the neuro-radiological findings. Finally we compare our observations with the descriptions published by other authors and seek and anatomo-functional relationship for each of the symptoms and signs observed. RESULTS: The usual clinical outline in our patients included disorders of consciousness, different types of oculomotor disorders and cerebellar symptoms, mainly of gait. Other less common findings were memory disorders and abnormal movements. In no case were there sensory changes and pyramidal signs were rare in the absence of significant extra-thalamic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, although generally comparable to those described in the literature consulted, were somewhat different with regard to cerebellar symptoms and the absence of sensory and pyramidal signs. We also emphasize the marked differences seen between the individual patients in our series. A good knowledge of the possible clinical variants of these lesions is necessary for a correct initial diagnostic approach in the study of these patients. AD - Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Ntra. Sra. de Aranzazu, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, Espana. SO - Rev Neurol 1997 Sep;25(145):1353-1362 UI - 98026111 PM - 9379299 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ivanov VA AU - Navone GT AU - Martorelli SR TI - Ascarophis marina n. comb. (Nematoda: cystidicolidae) from the fishes Parona signata (Carangidae) and Urophycis brasiliensis (Gadidae) in the southwestern Atlantic. MH - Animal MH - Female MH - Fish Diseases/*PARASITOLOGY MH - Fishes MH - Male MH - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MH - Nematoda/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*CLASSIFICATION/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Nematode Infections/*VETERINARY/PARASITOLOGY DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Parasitol IS - 0022-3395 JC - JL3 PG - 917-921 IP - 5 VI - 83 AB - The taxonomic position of Cystidicola marina Szidat, 1961 is revised, based on the re-examination of type and new specimens collected from the type host, Urophycis brasiliensis (Gadidae), and a new host, Parona signata (Carangidae), in the southwestern Atlantic. The species is redescribed and transferred to Ascarophis as A. marina n. comb. It is distinguished from other species of Ascarophis by the following combination of characters: body length (male: 10.2-22.5 mm, female: 32.8-44.2 mm), number of egg filaments (2 on each pole), egg size (0.030-0.039 mm x 0.015-0.021 mm), and left spicule length (0.4-0.6 mm). AD - Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. SO - J Parasitol 1997 Oct;83(5):917-921 UI - 97460300 PM - 9314714 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Druss BG AU - Rosenheck RA TI - Use of medical services by veterans with mental disorders. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Ambulatory Care/UTILIZATION MH - Community Mental Health Services/*UTILIZATION MH - Comorbidity MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Health Services Accessibility/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Mental Disorders/PSYCHOLOGY/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - Middle Age MH - Patient Discharge/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - United States MH - Veterans/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*PSYCHOLOGY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Psychosomatics IS - 0033-3182 JC - QH4 PG - 451-458 IP - 5 VI - 38 AB - This study examined timeliness, access, and intensity of outpatient medical service use in a national sample of veterans with comorbid medical disorders discharged from Veterans Affairs (VA) psychiatric units (N = 44,533). The factors that predicted decreased use of medical services included diagnosis of schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse. The factors associated with increased use of medical services included proximity to a VA outpatient clinic, receipt of VA compensation payments, discharge from a facility with greater resources devoted to medical-surgical care, and prompt outpatient mental health follow-up. Better integration of medical and psychiatric services may help improve access to medical care for the severely mentally ill. AD - Northeast Program Evaluation Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA. SO - Psychosomatics 1997 Sep;38(5):451-458 UI - 97439086 PM - 9293538 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Tajima Y AU - Utsumi N AU - Suzuki S AU - Fujita K AU - Takahashi H TI - Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma arising de novo in the maxilla. MH - Adolescence MH - Biopsy MH - Case Report MH - Fatal Outcome MH - Human MH - Male MH - Maxilla/PATHOLOGY MH - Maxillary Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY MH - Odontogenic Tumors/*PATHOLOGY DP - 1997 Aug TA - Pathol Int IS - 1320-5463 JC - BXQ PG - 564-568 IP - 8 VI - 47 AB - An ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) arising in the maxilla of a 14-year- old male is described. The tumor originated from the alveolar bone of the right maxilla with no apparent history of pre-existing lesion. Histologically, the lesion was composed of benign-appearing epithelial islands and strands scattered within an exceedingly cellular mass of mesenchymal tissue comprising a large number of stellate-and spindle- shaped fibroblast-like cells with marked pleomorphism. Occasional cementum-like calcification was also noted. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic mesenchymal cells were positive only for vimentin, whereas the ameloblast-like epithelial component showed a distinctly positive reaction for wide-spectrum keratin and squamous cytokeratin. Clinicopathological features of the current case, as well as previously reported examples of AFS originating from the maxilla, are briefly discussed. AD - Department of Oral Pathology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan. SO - Pathol Int 1997 Aug;47(8):564-568 UI - 98004169 PM - 9346183 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nielsen GP AU - O'Connell JX AU - Dickersin GR AU - Rosenberg AE TI - Solitary fibrous tumor of soft tissue: a report of 15 cases, including 5 malignant examples with light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural data. MH - Abdominal Muscles/PATHOLOGY MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Buttocks/PATHOLOGY MH - Case Report MH - Cell Nucleus/ULTRASTRUCTURE MH - Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough/ULTRASTRUCTURE MH - Extremities/PATHOLOGY MH - Female MH - Fibroma/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*PATHOLOGY/CHEMISTRY MH - Head and Neck Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY MH - Soft Tissue Neoplasms/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*PATHOLOGY/CHEMISTRY MH - Tumor Markers, Biological/ANALYSIS MH - Vulvar Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY RN - 0 (Tumor Markers, Biological) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Mod Pathol IS - 0893-3952 JC - PTH PG - 1028-1037 IP - 10 VI - 10 AB - We describe 15 soft tissue solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) occurring in patients 24 to 78 years old (average, 50.6 yr). Ten tumors were benign and arose in the head and neck area (three tumors), thigh (two), vulva (two), upper arm (one), lower leg (one), and retroperitoneum (one). Five tumors were histologically malignant and arose in the thigh (two), abdominal wall (one), buttock (one), and retroperitoneum (one). All of the tumors were grossly well circumscribed. The benign tumors measured from 2 to 10 cm (average, 4.8 cm) and the malignant ones from 3 to 5.5 cm (average, 4.3 cm) in greatest diameter. Microscopically, the benign tumors showed areas of hypercellularity with variable amounts of collagenous and myxoid stroma; one had amianthoid fibers. The malignant tumors were composed of cytologically atypical cells enmeshed in a collagenous or myxoid extracellular matrix. Ultrastructural study of three benign and three malignant tumors showed fibroblastic differentiation; one benign tumor showed myofibroblastic differentiation. Immunohistochemically, all of the tumors examined were immunoreactive for vimentin, and seven of nine were positive for CD34, including all of the malignant ones. There was focal staining for muscle actin in two benign tumors and for Leu-7 in one benign tumor; there was no staining for cytokeratin, desmin, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, or smooth muscle actin in any of the examined tissues. Follow-up was available for eight patients for 6 to 21 months (average, 12 mo). No tumor recurred locally or metastasized. The SFTs reported herein support the experiences of others who recently described these tumors in the somatic soft tissues. In addition, our series highlights the occurrence of malignant SFTs in the soft tissues. SFTs should be separated from other spindle cell sarcomas, with which they can be confused. AD - The James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA. SO - Mod Pathol 1997 Oct;10(10):1028-1037 UI - 97467780 PM - 9325071 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Fujiwara T AU - Kobayashi T AU - Takaya J AU - Taniuchi S AU - Kobayashi Y TI - Plasma effects on phagocytic activity and hydrogen peroxide production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in neonates. MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - *Blood Bactericidal Activity MH - Fetal Blood/*METABOLISM/*IMMUNOLOGY/CYTOLOGY MH - Human MH - Hydrogen Peroxide/*BLOOD MH - In Vitro MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Infant, Premature MH - Neutrophils/*METABOLISM/*IMMUNOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - *Phagocytosis MH - Plasma/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/PHARMACOLOGY RN - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) RN - 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Clin Immunol Immunopathol IS - 0090-1229 JC - DEA PG - 67-72 IP - 1 VI - 85 AB - To elucidate the defense mechanism in neonates against bacterial infections, phagocytic activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the whole blood and the effects of plasma on these functions were investigated on 44 healthy mature neonates (term 37 to 41 weeks) and 15 premature neonates (term 30 to 36 weeks) using two color flow cytometric analysis. The results were compared to those of a healthy adult control group (n = 10). PMN phagocytic activity was low in both mature and premature neonates. H2O2 production of PMN with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation and following phagocytosis was augmented in both mature and premature neonates. When plasma and PMNs of adults and neonates were separated and combined differently, phagocytic activity and H2O2 production of PMNs appeared to be principally regulated by the plasma employed. This finding indicates that plasma has major effects on both phagocytosis and H2O2 production by PMNs of newborn neonates. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan. SO - Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997 Oct;85(1):67-72 UI - 98018414 PM - 9379259 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Murthy G AU - Kahan NJ AU - Hargens AR AU - Rempel DM TI - Forearm muscle oxygenation decreases with low levels of voluntary contraction. MH - Adult MH - Exertion/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Forearm MH - Human MH - Human Engineering MH - Male MH - Muscle Contraction/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Muscle Fatigue/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Muscle, Skeletal/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Oxygen Consumption/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Volition/PHYSIOLOGY DP - 1997 Jul TA - J Orthop Res IS - 0736-0266 JC - JIQ PG - 507-511 IP - 4 VI - 15 AB - The purpose of our investigation was to determine if the near infrared spectroscopy technique was sensitive to changes in tissue oxygenation at low levels of isometric contraction in the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. Nine subjects were seated with the right arm abducted to 45 degrees, elbow flexed to 85 degrees, forearm pronated 45 degrees, and wrist and forearm supported on an armrest throughout the protocol. Altered tissue oxygenation was measured noninvasively with near infrared spectroscopy. The near infrared spectroscopy probe was placed over the extensor carpi radialis brevis of the subject's right forearm and secured with an elastic wrap. After 1 minute of baseline measurements taken with the muscle relaxed, four different loads were applied just proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joint such that the subjects isometrically contracted the extensor carpi radialis brevis at 5, 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction for 1 minute each. A 3-minute recovery period followed each level of contraction. At the end of the protocol, with the probe still in place, a value for ischemic tissue oxygenation was obtained for each subject. This value was considered the physiological zero and hence 0% tissue oxygenation. Mean tissue oxygenation (+/-SE) decreased from resting baseline (100% tissue oxygenation) to 89 +/- 4, 81 +/- 8, 78 +/- 8, and 47 +/- 8% at 5, 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction, respectively. Tissue oxygenation levels at 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the baseline value. Our results indicate that tissue oxygenation significantly decreases during brief, low levels of static muscle contraction and that near infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive technique for detecting deoxygenation noninvasively at low levels of forearm muscle contraction. Our findings have important implications in occupational medicine because oxygen depletion induced by low levels of muscle contraction may be directly linked to muscle fatigue. AD - Ergonomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA. SO - J Orthop Res 1997 Jul;15(4):507-511 UI - 97239726 PM - 9085387 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE TI - Educational and informational strategies to reduce pesticide risks. Council on Scientific Affairs. MH - Certification/STANDARDS MH - Environmental Exposure/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDENCE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - *Environmental Health/STANDARDS/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDENCE MH - Government Agencies/STANDARDS/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDENCE MH - Human MH - Pest Control/STANDARDS MH - Pesticides/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Sentinel Surveillance MH - United States RN - 0 (Pesticides) DP - 1997 Mar TA - Prev Med IS - 0091-7435 JC - PM4 PG - 191-200 IP - 2 VI - 26 AB - BACKGROUND: In 1993, the American Medical Association (AMA) requested its Council on Scientific Affairs to investigate issues and concerns related to (1) improving public notification of pesticide applications and (2) improving educational programs for commercial and farm pesticide applicators and increasing enforcement of licensing examination requirements. This report was presented at the 1994 Interim Meeting of the AMA House of Delegates as Report 4 of the Council on Scientific Affairs. METHODS: Information for the report was derived from published literature and from personal communications with state and federal regulatory officials, physicians, and representatives of pest control, lawn care, and farm organizations. Some information about state certification and training programs was obtained from telephone conversations with pesticide applicator training program coordinators from California, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. These states were selected because they contain large agricultural or urban populations that are likely to require the services of trained professional pesticide applicators. RESULTS: Current surveillance systems are inadequate to characterize potential exposure problems related either to pesticide usage or to pesticide related illnesses. The effectiveness of applicator certification and training programs and public notification programs could not be determined because of a lack of federal and state survey data for making useful assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Considering current data gaps, it is prudent for homeowners, farmers, and workers to limit pesticide exposures to themselves and others. SO - Prev Med 1997 Mar;26(2):191-200 UI - 98015839 PM - 9376959 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hamlin JA AU - Petersen B AU - Keller FS AU - Rosch J TI - Angiographic evaluation and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. MH - Adult MH - Angiography/*METHODS MH - Case Report MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Esophageal and Gastric Varices/THERAPY/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/THERAPY/*RADIOGRAPHY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/THERAPY/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Postoperative Hemorrhage/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Sensitivity and Specificity DP - 1997 Oct TA - Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am IS - 1052-5157 JC - B07 PG - 703-716 IP - 4 VI - 7 AB - Endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool used in the evaluation and treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. When endoscopy is unsuccessful in identifying or controlling GI hemorrhage, however, arteriography is useful in both the evaluation and treatment of upper GI hemorrhage. AD - Dotter Interventional Institution, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. SO - Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1997 Oct;7(4):703-716 UI - 97468079 PM - 9327223 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Straus DJ TI - HIV-associated lymphomas. MH - Central Nervous System Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/THERAPY/*PATHOLOGY MH - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/PATHOLOGY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Curr Opin Oncol IS - 1040-8746 JC - A1V PG - 450-454 IP - 5 VI - 9 AB - Intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) with a B-cell phenotype are AIDS-defining illnesses. The incidence of systemic NHL increased greatly and primary central nervous system NHL increased even more in the HIV-infected population. Further increases in frequency are anticipated as HIV-infected individuals survive longer in an immunosuppressed state with improved antiretroviral treatment and treatment of opportunistic infections. Unusual types of NHL and manifestations of Hodgkin's disease are seen in HIV-infected individuals also. The pathologic and clinical features of the HIV- associated lymphomas and treatment approaches and results are the subjects of this review. Other articles in this issue discuss epidemiology and pathogenesis. AD - Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. SO - Curr Opin Oncol 1997 Sep;9(5):450-454 UI - 97479814 PM - 9339895 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Bang IS AU - Son SY AU - Yoe SM TI - Hinnavin I, an antibacterial peptide from cabbage butterfly, Artogeia rapae. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Amino Acids/ANALYSIS MH - Animal MH - Anti-Infective Agents/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY MH - Butterflies/*CHEMISTRY MH - Drug Synergism MH - Escherichia coli/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Growth Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Hemolymph/CHEMISTRY MH - Insect Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Molecular Weight MH - Muramidase/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Peptides/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY MH - Sequence Analysis MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Peptides) RN - 0 (Insect Proteins) RN - 0 (Growth Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents) RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (hinnavin I) RN - EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase) DP - 1997 Aug 31 TA - Mol Cells IS - 1016-8478 JC - CRQ PG - 509-513 IP - 4 VI - 7 AB - We have previously isolated four antibacterial peptides from the immune haemolymph of the fifth instar larvae of cabbage butterfly, Artogeia rapae [Yoe, S. M., Bang, I. S., Kang, C. S., and Kim, H. J. (1996) Mol. Cells 6, 609-614]. They were induced by live, nonpathogenic gram negative bacteria. One of these novel antibacterial peptides was named hinnavin I. Hinnavin I is heat stable; its activity was retained after 60 min incubation at 100 degrees C, being effective against gram negative and/or gram positive bacteria. Hinnavin I and lysozyme II showed a powerful synergistic effect on the inhibition of bacterial growth. Amino acid composition was analyzed and the molecular weight was determined to be 4,139.94+/-10.91 Da by the ESI mass spectrometer. To elucidate the primary structure of hinnavin I, the amino acid sequence of this peptide was determined by N-terminal sequencing techniques. The amino-terminal half of the molecule was rich in charged amino acids and was hydrophilic, whereas the carboxyl-terminal half was hydrophobic. AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea. SO - Mol Cells 1997 Aug 31;7(4):509-513 UI - 97453080 PM - 9307842 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kyrtopoulos SA AU - Anderson LM AU - Chhabra SK AU - Souliotis VL AU - Pletsa V AU - Valavanis C AU - Georgiadis P TI - DNA adducts and the mechanism of carcinogenesis and cytotoxicity of methylating agents of environmental and clinical significance. MH - Animal MH - Antineoplastic Agents/METABOLISM/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Carcinogens/TOXICITY/*METABOLISM MH - Carcinogens, Environmental/TOXICITY/METABOLISM MH - Dimethylnitrosamine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM MH - DNA Adducts/*METABOLISM MH - DNA Damage MH - *DNA Methylation MH - Erythrocebus patas MH - Ethanol/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Female MH - Guanine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Human MH - Leukocytes/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Liver/METABOLISM MH - Mice MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Neoplasms/DRUG THERAPY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Nitroso Compounds/TOXICITY/METABOLISM MH - Procarbazine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 73-40-5 (Guanine) RN - 671-16-9 (Procarbazine) RN - 64-17-5 (Ethanol) RN - 62-75-9 (Dimethylnitrosamine) RN - 20535-83-5 (O-(6)-methylguanine) RN - 138-89-6 (4-nitrosodimethylaniline) RN - 0 (Nitroso Compounds) RN - 0 (DNA Adducts) RN - 0 (Carcinogens, Environmental) RN - 0 (Carcinogens) RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) DP - 1997 TA - Cancer Detect Prev IS - 0361-090X JC - CNZ PG - 391-405 IP - 5 VI - 21 AB - DNA adducts are covalent complexes formed between genotoxic carcinogens and DNA bases, and constitute a critical early intermediate on the pathway of chemical carcinogenesis. Their accumulation in different tissues reflects the amount of activated carcinogen reaching DNA, and can therefore serve as an index of the biologically relevant dose reaching the target tissues or cells. Methylating agents are of interest in view of their occurrence in the environment and their use as cytotoxic drugs in cancer chemotherapy. Current evidence indicates that O6-methylguanine plays a particularly important role in the mutagenic, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic activities of methylating agents. O6-Methylguanine is repaired efficiently by the enzyme O6- alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Lack of this enzyme results in excessive accumulation of O6-methylguanine and recent evidence suggests that significant quantitative effects on adduct accumulation may be linked to conditions of very low AGT levels. This would be important from the point of view of clinical practice, since modulation of AGT is under investigation as a means of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of clinical agents acting via the production of O6-methylguanine and related adducts, such as, for example, procarbazine, dacarbazine, and some nitrosoureas. The measurement of O6-methylguanine in human DNA has been employed as a tool to investigate the role of environmental methylating agents in human carcinogenesis. While the nature and origin of the methylating agents responsible for these adducts is currently unknown, recent studies in patas monkeys have shown that N- nitrosodimethylamine, a methylating carcinogen to which human exposure is well documented, is capable of efficiently generating O6- methylguanine in most tissues, including fetal tissues. Furthermore, it has been found that this damage is substantially enhanced by the coadministration of ethyl alcohol which acts by inhibiting the liver first-pass metabolism of the carcinogen, an observation which supports the hypothesis that alcohol consumption may act as a risk factor in human carcinogenesis by augmenting the action of nitrosamines. AD - National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece. SO - Cancer Detect Prev 1997 ;21(5):391-405 UI - 98006503 PM - 9385099 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Williams RL TI - Product-limit survival functions with correlated survival times. MH - Angina Pectoris MH - Animal MH - Avoidance Learning MH - Exercise Test MH - Female MH - Human MH - Life Tables MH - Linear Models MH - Male MH - Rodentia MH - *Survival Analysis DP - 1995 TA - Lifetime Data Anal IS - 1380-7870 JC - CRT PG - 171-186 IP - 2 VI - 1 AB - A simple variance estimator for product-limit survival functions is demonstrated for survival times with nested errors. Such data arise whenever survival times are observed within clusters of related observations. Greenwood's formula, which assumes independent observations, is not appropriate in this situation. A robust variance estimator is developed using Taylor series linearized values and the between-cluster variance estimator commonly used in multi-stage sample surveys. A simulation study shows that the between-cluster variance estimator is approximately unbiased and yields confidence intervals that maintain the nominal level for several patterns of correlated survival times. The simulation study also shows that Greenwood's formula underestimates the variance when the survival times are positively correlated within a cluster and yields confidence intervals that are too narrow. Extension to life table methods is also discussed. AD - Research Triangle Institute, NC 27709-2194, USA. willy@rti.org SO - Lifetime Data Anal 1995 ;1(2):171-186 UI - 98011014 PM - 9350074 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Petroni D AU - Saglio G TI - Minimal residual disease in B-lymphoproliferative disorders by PCR detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene recombination. MH - Base Sequence MH - Blotting, Southern MH - DNA, Neoplasm/ANALYSIS MH - Gene Rearrangement MH - Human MH - Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain/*GENETICS MH - Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Leukemia, Hairy Cell/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Neoplasm, Residual/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/*DIAGNOSIS MH - *Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain) RN - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Scand J Clin Lab Invest IS - 0036-5513 JC - UCP PG - 541-547 IP - 6 VI - 57 AB - We amplified and sequenced the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain VDJ genomic unit in B-leukemias and used it as a clone-specific marker for the molecular monitoring of the patients during and after therapeutic treatment. The method described is patient-specific rather than disorder-specific, more sensitive and less time-consuming than other conventional techniques for the detection of minimal residual disease. We propose reproducible and quick procedures, from DNA extraction to Southern blotting, that can be easily performed in any clinical laboratory and also applied to other kinds of investigation. AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Universita di Torino, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy. SO - Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1997 Oct;57(6):541-547 UI - 98001817 PM - 9342465 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Gramellini D AU - Piantelli G AU - Di Marino O AU - Avanzini A AU - Vadora E TI - Amniotic fluid index variations after amniocentesis, amnioinfusion and amnioreduction: preliminary data. MH - *Amniocentesis MH - Amniotic Fluid/ULTRASONOGRAPHY/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Human MH - Oligohydramnios/*THERAPY MH - Polyhydramnios/*THERAPY MH - Pregnancy MH - Reference Values MH - Regression Analysis DP - 1997 TA - Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol IS - 0390-6663 JC - DB1 PG - 70-73 IP - 2 VI - 24 AB - We studied the relationship between the ultrasonographically measurable variations in the amniotic fluid index (AFI) and actual changes in the amniotic fluid volume induced by three differing invasive procedures: genetic amniocentesis, amnioinfusion and amnioreduction. We examined 50 patients, all between the 15th and 34th weeks of pregnancy, subdivided into three groups. The first group consisted of 33 women who underwent genetic amniocentesis, the second was of 11 patients submitted to amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios (AFI < 5 cm), and the third was composed of 6 patients affected by hydramnios (AFI > 20 cm) and treated with amnioreduction. In all cases AFI was measured before and after the invasive procedures and their variations (delta AFI) were correlated to the actual quantities of liquid infused or extracted. All the procedures gave rise to statistically significant AFI changes. After genetic amniocentesis, the mean change was from 12.0 to 10.9 cm (p < 0.005), after amnioinfusion from 3.1 to 10.6 cm (p < 0.0001) and after amnioreduction from 33.1 to 22.0 cm. (p < 0.005). However, a significant linear correlation between delta AFI and the fluid volume variations actually induced was found for amnioinfusion (y = 0.236537 + 0.031465x; R2 = 44.4%; p < 0.05) and for amnioreduction (y = -0.0584294 + 0.012008x; R2 = 89.8%. p < 0.00001). Only for amnioreduction is it possible, as proved by a multiple regression analysis, to improve the predictability of delta AFI, taking into consideration together with the quantity of fluid aspirated, the value of the preprocedure AFI (R2 = 92%; p < 0.05). AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Parma, Italy. SO - Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1997 ;24(2):70-73 UI - 97449692 PM - 9304708 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Brenner MK TI - Applications of gene transfer in hematologic malignancy. MH - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm MH - *Gene Therapy MH - *Gene Transfer MH - Hematologic Neoplasms/*THERAPY/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Hematopoietic Stem Cells MH - Human MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/IMMUNOLOGY DP - 1998 TA - Recent Results Cancer Res IS - 0080-0015 JC - R1Y PG - 60-69 VI - 144 AB - Although gene transfer was originally conceived as a means to replace or correct defective genes in patients with inherited disorders, the process has shown broad potential for intervention in hematologic malignancy and for study of hematopoietic stem cell biology. Gene transfer strategies now under investigation for these applications include 1) repair of one or more genetic defects associated with the malignant process, 2) delivery of a prodrug-metabolizing enzyme that causes tumor cells to become sensitive to the corresponding anticancer drug, 3) modification of immune responses to the cancer, and 4) introduction of drug resistance genes to increase the therapeutic index of cytotoxic agents. Finally, by marking normal or malignant cells with readily detectable genes, one can monitor the efficacy of therapy or study the dynamics of stem cell behavior in vivo. At present these applications are limited by the quality of vectors, but as transduction efficiencies and gene regulatory mechanisms improve, gene transfer can be expected to evolve into a major therapeutic modality in its own right. AD - Cell and Gene Therapy Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. SO - Recent Results Cancer Res 1998 ;144:60-69 UI - 98032057 PM - 9365353 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Calmels PM AU - Nellen M AU - van der Borne I AU - Jourdin P AU - Minaire P TI - Concentric and eccentric isokinetic assessment of flexor-extensor torque ratios at the hip, knee, and ankle in a sample population of healthy subjects. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Ankle Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Biomechanics MH - Exercise Test MH - Female MH - Hip Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Human MH - Knee Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Muscle Contraction/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Physical Medicine/METHODS MH - Posture/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Range of Motion, Articular/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Reference Values MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tensile Strength/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Torque DP - 1997 Nov TA - Arch Phys Med Rehabil IS - 0003-9993 JC - 8BK PG - 1224-1230 IP - 11 VI - 78 AB - OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between the flexor/extensor torque ratios in the hip, knee, and ankle. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Laboratory of a university rehabilitation department. PARTICIPANTS: From a group of 158 healthy volunteers, 138 subjects completed all the tests in concentric mode, and 65 in eccentric mode. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The flexor/extensor torque ratios of the hip, knee, and ankle were analyzed by means of isokinetic concentric and eccentric tests. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the mean values of the ratios obtained between the male and female populations and between the right and left sides, and correlation analysis between the values of the joints. RESULTS: The flexor/extensor torque ratios differed significantly according to sex and angular velocities, but not according to side except for the ankle. No significant relationship was found between the flexor/extensor torque ratios in the hip, knee, and ankle joints. CONCLUSIONS: The flexor- extensor torque ratio of the knee and hip can be used as a reference point during rehabilitation of the contralateral side. Our results demonstrating the absence of correlation between the flexor/extensor torque ratio in each joint of the same limb, however, call for further longitudinal studies to be made under specific circumstances, such as training or immobilization of one joint, to follow the course of agonist/antagonist ratios and the synergistic activity between the joints. AD - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lisfranc School of Medicine, Saint-Etienne University, France. SO - Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Nov;78(11):1224-1230 UI - 97468063 PM - 9327207 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Brenner RM AU - Chertow GM TI - The rise and fall of atrial natriuretic peptide for acute renal failure. MH - Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Clinical Trials MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Randomized Controlled Trials RN - 85637-73-6 (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens IS - 1062-4821 JC - B4H PG - 474-476 IP - 5 VI - 6 AB - Atrial natriuretic peptide can increase glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction and can promote natriuresis, effects that would logically seem to improve renal function after acute tubular necrosis from ischemic or toxic injury. Early human trials suggested a beneficial effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on creatinine clearance, and a reduction in the need for dialysis in treated patients. However, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have failed to show a clinically relevant benefit on survival, dialysis-free survival, or renal function in patients treated with this agent. AD - Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. SO - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1997 Sep;6(5):474-476 UI - 97464247 PM - 9324068 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Zagon IS AU - Hurst WJ AU - McLaughlin PJ TI - Transplacental transfer of naltrexone in rats. MH - Animal MH - Brain/METABOLISM/EMBRYOLOGY MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Female MH - Heart/EMBRYOLOGY MH - Kinetics MH - Liver/METABOLISM/EMBRYOLOGY MH - Male MH - *Maternal-Fetal Exchange MH - Myocardium/METABOLISM MH - Naltrexone/*PHARMACOKINETICS MH - Narcotic Antagonists/*PHARMACOKINETICS MH - Placenta/*METABOLISM MH - Pregnancy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) DP - 1997 TA - Life Sci IS - 0024-3205 JC - L62 PG - 1261-1267 IP - 13 VI - 61 AB - Extracts of fetal (20 days gestation) brain, heart, and liver were evaluated for naltrexone in rats 1 hour following maternal injection of 50 mg/kg opioid antagonist; adult plasma from the pregnant rats was analyzed. Samples were prepared by ultrafiltration, lyophilized, reconstituted in mobile phase, and separated by reversed phase high- performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. This qualitative analysis revealed the presence of naltrexone in all fetal tissues, as well as in adult plasma. These results indicate naltrexone, maternally administered, passes through the placenta and enters the fetus. The data would suggest that reports concerning somatic and neurobiological acceleration in offspring exposed to naltrexone during gestation may be the result of a direct opioid antagonist action in the fetus. AD - Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA. SO - Life Sci 1997 ;61(13):1261-1267 UI - 97464073 PM - 9322764 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Smeltzer MS AU - Gillaspy AF AU - Pratt FL Jr AU - Thames MD AU - Iandolo JJ TI - Prevalence and chromosomal map location of Staphylococcus aureus adhesin genes. MH - Adhesins, Bacterial/*GENETICS MH - Bacterial Proteins/GENETICS MH - Carrier Proteins/GENETICS MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - *Chromosomes, Bacterial MH - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Receptors, Cell Surface/GENETICS MH - Staphylococcus aureus/*GENETICS MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface) RN - 0 (Fib protein) RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (Adhesins, Bacterial) RN - 0 (elastin-binding protein) RN - 0 (adhesin, Staphylococcus aureus) RN - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific) RN - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease XmaI) DP - 1997 Sep 1 TA - Gene IS - 0378-1119 JC - FOP PG - 249-259 IP - 1-2 VI - 196 AB - Using genomic DNA from 25 unrelated strains and probes specific for each gene, we assessed the prevalence of the Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) adhesion genes cna, fnbA, fnbB, fib, clfA, fbpA, ebpS and map. All 25 strains encoded fib, clfA, ebpS, map and at least one of the fnb genes. fbpA and coa appeared to be allelic variants of the same gene with the fbpA variant being present in only four of 25 isolates. cna was present in 10 of 25 strains. Using Southern blot analysis of SmaI-digested genomic DNA resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the adhesion genes were mapped to SmaI fragments A (ebpS), B (fib and clfA), C (fnbA/fnbB), E (fbpA), F (map) and G (cna). Despite variations in SmaI restriction profiles, co-localization of adhesin genes with genes known to map to specific SmaI fragments in the Sa 8325-4 chromosome strains suggests that the chromosomal location of each adhesin gene is conserved. AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA. msmeltzer@biomed.uams.edu SO - Gene 1997 Sep 1;196(1-2):249-259 UI - 97379230 PM - 9237552 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - LeVine SM TI - Iron deposits in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease brains. MH - Alzheimer Disease/*PATHOLOGY MH - Brain/*PATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Iron/*METABOLISM MH - Multiple Sclerosis/*PATHOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 7439-89-6 (Iron) DP - 1997 Jun 20 TA - Brain Res IS - 0006-8993 JC - B5L PG - 298-303 IP - 1-2 VI - 760 AB - Iron may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases by promoting oxidative damage. The localization of iron in multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains was investigated to further the understanding of its pathogenic role in these disease states. Earlier studies, utilizing a standard Perls' stain, yielded conflicting reports regarding the distribution of iron deposits in MS brains, and a previous study on AD brains utilized a diaminobenzidine (DAB) enhanced version of this stain. In the present study, a modified version of the DAB-enhanced stain was used; it utilizes sodium borohydride, proteinase K, Triton X-100 and xylenes to increase the accessibility of tissue iron to histochemical reagents. This modified method can reveal iron deposits that are missed by the Perls' or DAB- enhanced Perls' stains. In addition to its normal deposition in oligodendrocytes and myelin, iron was detected in reactive microglia, ameboid microglia and macrophages in MS brains. In AD brains, three types of plaques were stained: dense core, clear core and amorphous plaques. Punctate staining was also observed in neurons in the corticies of AD brains. The structure accounting for punctate labeling may be damaged mitochondria, lipofuscin or amyloid deposits. Dense core plaques, clear plaques and punctate labeling were not detected in the previous AD study which utilized only the DAB-enhanced Perls' stain. The labeling of these additional structures illustrates the benefit of the modified method. In summary, the localization of iron deposition in MS and AD brains indicates potential sites where iron could promote oxidative damage in these disease states. AD - Department of Physiology and the Smith Mental Retardation Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA. slevine@kumc.edu SO - Brain Res 1997 Jun 20;760(1-2):298-303 UI - 98005064 PM - 9344613 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Parker J AU - Kaplon MK AU - Alvarez CJ AU - Krishnaswamy G TI - Prostaglandin H synthase expression is variable in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aspirin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Blotting, Southern MH - Caco-2 Cells/*ENZYMOLOGY/CYTOLOGY MH - Cell Adhesion/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Cell Division/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY MH - DNA, Neoplasm/ANALYSIS MH - Extracellular Matrix Proteins/METABOLISM MH - Female MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Human MH - HT29 Cells/*ENZYMOLOGY/CYTOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Nitrobenzenes/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Prostaglandins/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - RNA, Messenger/METABOLISM MH - Sulfonamides/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 50-78-2 (Aspirin) RN - 123653-11-2 (NS 398) RN - 0 (Sulfonamides) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Prostaglandins) RN - 0 (Nitrobenzenes) RN - 0 (Extracellular Matrix Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm) RN - 0 (Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors) RN - EC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase) DP - 1997 Oct 10 TA - Exp Cell Res IS - 0014-4827 JC - EPB PG - 321-329 IP - 1 VI - 236 AB - The expression of prostaglandin H synthases can be induced by many stimuli and is likely to be important in control of the cell cycle. The analysis of prostaglandin H synthase-1 and -2 expression in colon adenocarcinoma cell lines is a useful model system for studying the function of the prostaglandin H synthases, especially with regard to proliferation and adhesion. Prostaglandin H synthase-1 protein is not found in any of eight human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 is variable for the eight cell lines: three constitutively expressed active protein, four did not express this gene at all, and one had mRNA but no active protein. Thus, five colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines exhibit "null" expression of prostaglandin synthase-2. The three cell lines with constitutive expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 produce PGE2. Prostaglandin E2 production could be inhibited by aspirin and NS398 without inhibiting proliferation, while direct addition of prostaglandin E2 inhibits proliferation. Adhesion to collagen IV and fibronectin was stronger in those cell lines that expressed prostaglandin H synthase-2. The constitutive expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 is associated with increased adhesion to extracellular matrix components and a potential inhibition of proliferation through the production of prostaglandin E2. The absence of PGH synthase-2 expression in some cell lines may result from the original tumor's need to inactivate these associated functions. Our evidence suggests that PGH synthase-2 is a possible candidate for a tumor suppressor gene at 1q23-qter. AD - Division of Hematology/Oncology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614-0622, USA. SO - Exp Cell Res 1997 Oct 10;236(1):321-329 UI - 98004997 PM - 9345238 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Panayiotopoulos YP AU - Taylor PR TI - A paper for debate: vein versus PTFE for critical limb ischaemia--an unfair comparison? MH - Blood Vessel Prosthesis MH - *Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation MH - Cohort Studies MH - Comparative Study MH - Graft Occlusion, Vascular/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Human MH - Ischemia/*SURGERY MH - Leg/*BLOOD SUPPLY MH - *Polytetrafluoroethylene MH - Risk Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vascular Patency MH - Veins/*TRANSPLANTATION RN - 9002-84-0 (Polytetrafluoroethylene) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg IS - 1078-5884 JC - B8N PG - 191-194 IP - 3 VI - 14 AB - INTRODUCTION: There is a widely held view that vein grafts for infrainguinal arterial reconstruction perform much better than prosthetic conduits, the best of which seems to be PTFE. Many randomised studies have been conducted which confirm this opinion, but is the difference as large as it is thought to be? One interesting feature of published trials is that the results for obligatory PTFE (when no vein is available) were much worse than the results for randomised PTFE grafts. The only way to explain this is that these groups of patients were not similar, and there are probably other factors which contribute to the difference in results when vein and PTFE grafts are compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 109 femoro-infrapopliteal grafts undertaken for critical limb ischaemia was analysed to see the difference between vein and PTFE with vein cuff grafts. RESULTS: Vein grafts were superior to PTFE grafts when the whole cohort was included (p = 0.0038); however, there was no significant difference when the patients were stratified for inflow and runoff status. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between vein and PTFE has probably been exaggerated in the past, due to differences in risk factors and in the extent of arterial disease between the two groups of patients. The advantage of vein becomes more significant with time. AD - Department of Surgery, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K. SO - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1997 Sep;14(3):191-194 UI - 97477585 PM - 9336588 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Berryman MS TI - The ketogenic diet revisited. MH - Diet/*METHODS/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Human MH - Ketosis/*ETIOLOGY MH - Seizures/*DIET THERAPY DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Am Diet Assoc IS - 0002-8223 JC - H6F PG - S192-S194 IP - 10 VI - 97 AB - The ketogenic diet is a high-fat diet that maintains the body's starvation mechanism, with exogenous fat provided for metabolism in lieu of stored fat. Mild dehydration is important to prevent dilution of the level of ketones in circulation at any given time. It is not known why or how ketosis affects seizure activity, so the principles behind the therapy have been developed from years of clinical experience and theoretical assumptions. Dietitians are essential providers of ketosis therapy, but the dietitian must work with a physician who understands the theories behind the therapy and is an active member of the ketosis therapy team. AD - Hermann Children's Hospital, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, USA. SO - J Am Diet Assoc 1997 Oct;97(10):S192-S194 UI - 97477563 PM - 9336566 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hynak-Hankinson MT AU - Martin S AU - Wirth J TI - Research competencies in the dietetics curricula. MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Curriculum MH - Data Collection/METHODS MH - Dietetics/*EDUCATION MH - Human MH - *Research MH - United States DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Am Diet Assoc IS - 0002-8223 JC - H6F PG - S102-S106 IP - 10 VI - 97 AB - Investment in dietetics research has the potential to improve general health; increase work performance and learning capacity; extend disease- free life; reduce birth defects, infections, and chronic diseases; and decrease health care costs. Opportunities exist for research in the areas of solid waste management, global environment, health care reform, and foodservice systems management. Research efforts can focus on cost-effectiveness and medical efficacy of dietary services to improve third-party reimbursement. Educators have a stake in creating the future by conducting research, teaching research to dietetic students, and investigating the effectiveness of education. AD - Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care Systems, East Orange 07108- 1095, USA. SO - J Am Diet Assoc 1997 Oct;97(10):S102-S106 UI - 97464802 PM - 9323515 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ferracci F AU - Conte F AU - Marini B AU - Fassetta G TI - Recurrent external ophthalmoparesis during hormonal therapy after thyroid ablation. Case report. MH - Aged MH - Case Report MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Female MH - Graves' Disease/*THERAPY/SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Human MH - Recurrence MH - Thyroid Gland/*SURGERY MH - Thyroid Hormones/*THERAPEUTIC USE RN - 0 (Thyroid Hormones) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Ital J Neurol Sci IS - 0392-0461 JC - GYX PG - 215-216 IP - 4 VI - 18 AB - We here report the case of a patient who had undergone total thyroid ablation for Graves' disease. After the beginning of oral therapy with 1-thyroxine, she developed a left external ophthalmoparesis that remitted with the discontinuation of the drug and recurred whenever the replacement therapy (1-thyroxine or tri-iodothyronine) was reintroduced. AD - Divisione di Neurologia, Ospedale Civile di Belluno, Italy. SO - Ital J Neurol Sci 1997 Aug;18(4):215-216 UI - 98021518 PM - 9380370 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lee DY AU - Cotter SA AU - French AL TI - Evaluation of Kojima-Matsubara color vision test plates: validity in young children. MH - Adult MH - Aging/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Color Perception/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Color Perception Tests/*METHODS MH - Color Vision Defects/DIAGNOSIS MH - Comparative Study MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Human MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Vision Screening/*METHODS DP - 1997 Sep TA - Optom Vis Sci IS - 1040-5488 JC - OIZ PG - 726-731 IP - 9 VI - 74 AB - PURPOSE: We examined a pseudoisochromatic color plate test by Kojima and Matsubara for young children which uses drawings of familiar objects rather than letters or numbers. First, we evaluated the test's efficacy as a color deficiency screener and its validity in classifying the types of color deficiencies by comparing its results with those from the Moreland anomaloscope. Second, we eliminated the chromatic factor and evaluated the functional ability of young children to perform the task by determining how many correct responses were obtained using modified black/white replicas of the test plates. METHODS: Part 1: Twenty color-normal and 13 color-deficient adults were diagnosed and classified with the Ishihara test, Panel D-15 test, and anomaloscope. Subjects were then tested with the Kojima-Matsubara test and result were compared with those from the anomaloscope. Part 2: Fifty children aged 3 to 7 years were tested with modified black/white test plate replicas. The number of correct responses for each plate was determined for five different age groups. RESULTS: Part 1: Among the 20 color-normal subjects, 18 read all 10 plates correctly and 2 subjects missed 1 of the 10. Only 1 of the 13 color-deficient subjects exhibited the expected responses for plates 2 to 6 (used for color deficiency screening). The color-deficient subjects' responses for plates 7 to 10, which are used to classify red-green defects, were varied and only the protanomalous subjects (n = 2) followed the expected response pattern. Part 2: Of the 10 black/white modified plates, only 2 were correctly identified by all 50 children. The other plates had a recognition rate that ranged from 32 to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Because the response patterns given by most of the color-deficient adult subjects were different from those in the test manual, ambiguous results would occur if the Kojima- Matsubara test were used for color vision screening or the diagnosis of color deficiency. In addition, the difficulty that many of the young children exhibited in identifying the objects in the black/white replica plates suggests that there would be a large number of false positive errors (classifying a color normal as color deficient) when using this test in young children. AD - Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago, USA. SO - Optom Vis Sci 1997 Sep;74(9):726-731 UI - 97472383 PM - 9333208 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Norton NS AU - McConnell JR AU - Rodriguez-Sierra JF TI - Behavioral and physiological sex differences observed in an animal model of fulminant hepatic encephalopathy in the rat. MH - Animal MH - Behavior, Animal/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Brain Mapping MH - Female MH - Hepatic Encephalopathy/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Hippocampus/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Injections, Intraperitoneal MH - *Liver Function Tests MH - Male MH - Neurons/PHYSIOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Sex Factors MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Thioacetamide RN - 62-55-5 (Thioacetamide) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Physiol Behav IS - 0031-9384 JC - P72 PG - 1113-1124 IP - 5 VI - 62 AB - Hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by a number of neuropsychiatric and motor disturbances observed in patients with liver dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to fully characterize behavioral and physiological sex differences in an animal model of fulminant hepatic encephalopathy (FHE). Male and female rats were administered thioacetamide (600 mg/kg) via i.p. (intraperitoneal) injection at Hours 0 and 24 and allowed to progress into the four stages of FHE. Male rats reached all four stages of FHE significantly earlier than female rats (p < 0.05). The performance of the male rats deteriorated more quickly (p < 0.05) than that of the females in all of the sensory and motor behavioral tests. Sex differences were observed in the liver enzymes of the FHE rats. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in male rats in all four stages of FHE. Significant increases were also observed in the levels of direct and total bilirubin (p < 0.05). Neuronal damage was observed in the CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus. In the CA1 region, male rats displayed greater pathological changes in Stages III and IV (p < 0.05) than female rats. The damage in the CA2 region was only observed in Stage IV male rats. Our data indicate that observable behavioral and physiological sex differences occur in thioacetamide-induced FHE in the rat. AD - Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. Nsnorton@creighton.edu SO - Physiol Behav 1997 Nov;62(5):1113-1124 UI - 97442663 PM - 9297630 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Laflamme N AU - Barden N AU - Rivest S TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of immune-challenged transgenic mice expressing type II GR antisense ribonucleic acid. MH - Animal MH - Brain/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*GENETICS MH - *Gene Expression MH - Human MH - In Situ Hybridization MH - Lipopolysaccharides/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Mice MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*METABOLISM/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Rats MH - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*GENETICS MH - RNA, Antisense/METABOLISM/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - RNA, Messenger/METABOLISM MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (RNA, Antisense) RN - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) DP - 1997 Jun TA - J Mol Neurosci IS - 0895-8696 JC - AVM PG - 165-179 IP - 3 VI - 8 AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the immune activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of corticotropin- releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of transgenic mice with impaired GR function caused by endogenous expression of GR antisense RNA. At 3 and 8 wk of age, control and transgenic mice were sacrificed 4.5 h after a single ip administration of LPS (100 micrograms/100 g of body wt) or vehicle. Frozen brains were mounted on a microtome and cut in 20- microns sections. mRNAs encoding CRF and GR were assayed by in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S-labeled riboprobes, and localization of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) nuclei was determined by immunocytochemistry. Basal expression of CRF mRNA in the PVN, central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and geniculate complex (GN) was similar in the control and transgenic mice. LPS induced a comparable neuronal activation in the PVN of control and transgenic mice as revealed by the number of Fos-ir neurons. Moreover, the endotoxin caused a significant increase in the CRF mRNA levels within the PVN and CeA, an effect observed in both animal models. The endotoxin did not notably modulate CRF expression in other regions, such as GN. Although GR mRNA was expressed in the PVN of control mice under basal conditions, this transcript was not detected in this hypothalamic structure in LPS- treated and transgenic animals. This indicated that endogenous Type II GR mRNA is decreased in the PVN of mice expressing Type II GR antisense RNA and that gene is downregulated by LPS. Hybridization signal for CRF and GR transcripts was not notably altered by the age of mice. These results provide evidence that the basal expression of CRF and the increase of neuroendocrine CRF transcription in response to immunogenic challenges are not significantly affected by impairment of the Type II GR function. AD - Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. SO - J Mol Neurosci 1997 Jun;8(3):165-179 UI - 98017457 PM - 9378611 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Middleton FA AU - Strick PL TI - Cerebellar output channels. MH - Animal MH - Brain Mapping/*METHODS MH - Cerebellum/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Human MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Motor Cortex/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Neural Pathways/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Neurons/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Prefrontal Cortex/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Primates/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DP - 1997 TA - Int Rev Neurobiol IS - 0074-7742 JC - GUJ PG - 61-82 VI - 41 AB - The cerebellum has long been regarded as involved in the control of movement, in part through its connections with the cerebral cortex. These connections were thought to combine inputs from widespread regions of the cerebral cortex and "funnel" them into the motor system at the level of the primary motor cortex. Retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type I has recently been used to identify areas of the cerebral cortex that are "directly" influenced by the output of the cerebellum. Results suggest that cerebellar output projects via the thalamus to multiple cortical areas, including premotor and prefrontal cortex, as well as the primary motor cortex. In addition, the projections to different cortical areas appear to originate from distinct regions of the deep cerebellar nuclei. These observations have led to the proposal that cerebellar output is composed of a number of separate "output channels." Evidence from functional imaging studies in humans and single neuron recording studies in monkeys suggests that individual output channels are concerned with different aspects of motor or cognitive behavior. AD - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, USA. SO - Int Rev Neurobiol 1997 ;41:61-82 UI - 98009174 PM - 9348568 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Skillings JR TI - 5-FU or UFT combined with leucovorin for previously untreated metastatic colorectal Ca. MH - Adult MH - Antidotes/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Colorectal Neoplasms/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Comparative Study MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Fluorouracil/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Human MH - Leucovorin/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Tegafur/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Uracil/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE RN - 74578-38-4 (1-UFT protocol) RN - 66-22-8 (Uracil) RN - 58-05-9 (Leucovorin) RN - 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) RN - 17902-23-7 (Tegafur) RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined) RN - 0 (Antidotes) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Oncology (Huntingt) IS - 0890-9091 JC - AVP PG - 48-49 IP - 9 VI - 11 AB - This phase III study compares leucovorin plus fluorouracil (5-FU) 425 mg/m2, days 1 through 5, 28-day cycle, with oral leucovorin plus oral UFT (tegafur and uracil) 300 mg/m2, days 1 through 28, 35-day cycle, in terms of efficacy, safety, quality of life, and pharmacoeconomics. Eligible patients have not been treated previously and have measurable or evaluable metastatic colorectal cancer, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less, and adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal functions. Patients are evaluated for response clinically and by computed tomography. Responses are determined by World Health Organization criteria. The study is nearing completion, with no toxicity issues requiring protocol modification. The results of this study could lead to a change to oral therapy as the standard of care for metastatic colorectal cancer, providing the efficacy and toxicity of UFT/leucovorin are at least equivalent due to the ease of administration and patient preference for oral regimens. AD - QE II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. SO - Oncology (Huntingt) 1997 Sep;11(9):48-49 UI - 97458364 PM - 9313184 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lambden MP AU - Bellamy G AU - Ogburn-Russell L AU - Preece CK AU - Moore S AU - Pepin T AU - Croop J AU - Culbert G TI - Women's sense of well-being before and after hysterectomy. MH - Adult MH - Attitude to Health MH - Depression MH - Female MH - *Health Status MH - Human MH - *Hysterectomy/PSYCHOLOGY MH - Middle Age MH - *Patient Satisfaction MH - Prospective Studies MH - Sexuality MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Uterine Diseases/*SURGERY DP - 1997 Sep TA - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs IS - 0884-2175 JC - JG8 PG - 540-548 IP - 5 VI - 26 AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe women's perceived sense of well-being before and after hysterectomy by examining a broad array of outcomes experienced by women undergoing hysterectomies for benign conditions. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive. SETTING: A regional tertiary care facility in central Texas. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seventy-eight women presenting for hysterectomies for nononcologic reasons who completed all three periods of data collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects completed a questionnaire assessing information pertinent to their current gynecologic health and the SF-36 Health Survey before surgery and of 4 and 11 months after surgery. The women also completed the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale preoperatively and at 4 months postoperatively. Additional demographic and medical information was extracted from the medical record. RESULTS: In the initial period after surgery, the patients experienced an improved health status. In addition, the women reported on improvement in their psychologic well-being, including less depression and improved sexual functioning. Relationships with others also improved after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes for these women undergoing hysterectomy for nononcologic reasons were generally positive. This information is vital for preoperative counseling by nurses of women contemplating or about to undergo this surgery. AD - Children's Health Center, Scott and White Clinic, Temple, TX 76508, USA. SO - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1997 Sep;26(5):540-548 UI - 97443324 PM - 9298185 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Slavikova E AU - Vadkertiova R TI - Seasonal occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in the river Danube. MH - Aerobiosis MH - Ascomycetes/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Bacteriological Techniques MH - Basidiomycetes/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Colony Count, Microbial MH - Culture Media/METABOLISM MH - Ecology MH - Environmental Microbiology MH - Fermentation MH - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Seasons MH - Slovakia MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Water Microbiology RN - 0 (Culture Media) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek IS - 0003-6072 JC - 6JE PG - 77-80 IP - 2 VI - 72 AB - One hundred and seventy yeast strains belonging to 14 genera and 29 species were isolated from 112 water samples of the river Danube in the area of Bratislava. The samples were collected through the year from April to March. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Geotrichum candidum, and Candida krusei were the most frequent. The basidiomycetous yeasts and yeast-like organisms with oxidative metabolism were present in approximately equal numbers to those with fermentative metabolism. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the dominant yeast and was isolated from 50% of all samples examined and represented approximately one quarter of the yeast community. Yeast densities ranged from 100 to 21,100 CFU per litre. The highest population density was observed in October. Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Aureobasidium pullulans formed the main part of the yeast population in this month. AD - Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. SO - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1997 Aug;72(2):77-80 UI - 98003244 PM - 9346625 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Cywes R AU - Harvey PR AU - Packham MA AU - Cameron R AU - Strasberg SM TI - The influence of prostaglandin E1 on platelet adherence and injury in preserved rat liver allografts. MH - Alprostadil/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Liver/PATHOLOGY MH - *Liver Transplantation MH - Male MH - *Organ Preservation MH - Platelet Adhesiveness/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Reperfusion Injury/*PREVENTION & CONTROL MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Transplantation, Homologous RN - 745-65-3 (Alprostadil) DP - 1996 Jan TA - Liver Transpl Surg IS - 1074-3022 JC - CX3 PG - 23-36 IP - 1 VI - 2 AB - We have previously shown that part of the injury sustained by cold- preserved livers on reperfusion is the consequence of platelet adhesion to sinusoidal endothelium. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) can reduce the injury and if so, how to maximize this beneficial effect. Rat livers were cold- preserved in University of Wisconsin solution for 30 hours then subjected to 1-hour warm ischemia after which they were reperfused at 37 degrees C with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution with or without isolated platelets. PGE1 was used to treat the donor liver during harvesting, cold preservation, and reperfusion. In some studies, PGE1 was used to pretreat platelets before exposing them to the liver, and in other studies, both liver and platelets were treated. Pretreatment of platelets with paraformaldehyde, which inactivates them, or ADP, which activates them, was also studied. Treatment of livers with PGE1 significantly decreased preservation injury when livers were reperfused in the absence of platelets. However, when platelets were added to the perfusate, prior treatment of the liver with PGE1 had relatively minor beneficial effects. Pretreatment of platelets alone with PGE1 was also beneficial, but again the effect was small. However, when both liver and platelets were treated with PGE1 there was a highly significant decrease in the extent of liver injury and platelet adhesion. Perfusate transaminase levels were lower, bile flow was improved, and histologically, livers appeared less injured. Pretreatment of platelets with paraformaldehyde produced similar results to pretreatment with PGE1. When platelets were preactivated with adenosine diphosphate, extensive hepatic injury occurred upon reperfusion despite PGE1 treatment of the liver. PGE1 can lessen preservation-reperfusion injury impressively when administered to both liver and platelets but has little effect when platelets have been preactivated. AD - Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SO - Liver Transpl Surg 1996 Jan;2(1):23-36 UI - 97383195 PM - 9237858 PT - HISTORICAL ARTICLE AU - May CA TI - Description and function of the ciliary nerves--some historical remarks on choroidal innervation. MH - Choroid/*INJURIES/CYTOLOGY MH - Ciliary Body/*INJURIES MH - Ganglia MH - History of Medicine, Ancient MH - History of Medicine, Medieval MH - History of Medicine, 16th Cent. MH - History of Medicine, 17th Cent. MH - History of Medicine, 18th Cent. MH - History of Medicine, 19th Cent. MH - Human MH - Nerve Fibers DP - 1997 Jul TA - Exp Eye Res IS - 0014-4835 JC - EPL PG - 1-5 IP - 1 VI - 65 AB - The earliest accounts of the eye recognized its main function as providing vision, but the mechanism of how the eye functioned remained obscure for many centuries. The aim of the following work is to outline these changes in the understanding of a particular structure and function of the human body, namely, the ciliary nerves supplying the uveoscleral part of the eye. In the extensive study on the history of ophthalmology by Hirschberg (published between 1899 and 1918), the ciliary nerves and choroidal innervation are only sparsely mentioned. AD - Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen- Nuernberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany. SO - Exp Eye Res 1997 Jul;65(1):1-5 UI - 98001549 PM - 9343384 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Jenness DD AU - Li Y AU - Tipper C AU - Spatrick P TI - Elimination of defective alpha-factor pheromone receptors. MH - Biological Transport MH - Cell Compartmentation MH - Cell Membrane/METABOLISM MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Fungal Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - Models, Molecular MH - Mutation MH - Protein Conformation MH - Protein Folding MH - Receptors, Peptide/*METABOLISM/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - Reproduction MH - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/METABOLISM MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Vacuoles/METABOLISM RN - 0 (Receptors, Peptide) RN - 0 (Fungal Proteins) RN - 0 (mating factor receptor) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Mol Cell Biol IS - 0270-7306 JC - NGY PG - 6236-6245 IP - 11 VI - 17 AB - This report compares trafficking routes of a plasma membrane protein that was misfolded either during its synthesis or after it had reached the cell surface. A temperature-sensitive mutant form of the yeast alpha-factor pheromone receptor (ste2-3) was found to provide a model substrate for quality control of plasma membrane proteins. We show for the first time that a misfolded membrane protein is recognized at the cell surface and rapidly removed. When the ste2-3 mutant cells were cultured continuously at 34 degrees C, the mutant receptor protein (Ste2-3p) failed to accumulate at the plasma membrane and was degraded with a half-life of 4 min, compared with a half-life of 33 min for wild- type receptor protein (Ste2p). Degradation of both Ste2-3p and Ste2p required the vacuolar proteolytic activities controlled by the PEP4 gene. At 34 degrees C, Ste2-3p comigrated with glycosylated Ste2p on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that Ste2-3p enters the secretory pathway. Degradation of Ste2-3p did not require delivery to the plasma membrane as the sec1 mutation failed to block rapid turnover. Truncation of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the mutant receptors did not permit accumulation at the plasma membrane; thus, the endocytic signals contained in this domain are unnecessary for intracellular retention. In the pep4 mutant, Ste2- 3p accumulated as series of high-molecular-weight species, suggesting a potential role for ubiquitin in the elimination process. When ste2-3 mutant cells were cultured continuously at 22 degrees C, Ste2-3p accumulated in the plasma membrane. When the 22 degrees C culture was shifted to 34 degrees C, Ste2-3p was removed from the plasma membrane and degraded by a PEP4-dependent mechanism with a 24-min half-life; the wild-type Ste2p displayed a 72-min half-life. Thus, structural defects in Ste2-3p synthesized at 34 degrees C are recognized in transit to the plasma membrane, leading to rapid degradation, and Ste2-3p that is preassembled at the plasma membrane is also removed and degraded following a shift to 34 degrees C. AD - Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655-0122, USA. jennessd@ummed.edu SO - Mol Cell Biol 1997 Nov;17(11):6236-6245 UI - 97402316 PM - 9259380 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Eapen V AU - Robertson MM AU - Alsobrook JP 2nd AU - Pauls DL TI - Obsessive compulsive symptoms in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder: differences by diagnosis and family history. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Basal Ganglia/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Child MH - Comparative Study MH - *Compulsive Behavior MH - Dopamine/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Frontal Lobe/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Gyrus Cinguli/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - *Obsessive Behavior MH - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/*PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/GENETICS/ETIOLOGY MH - Psychological Tests MH - Serotonin/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Thalamus/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Tourette Syndrome/*PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/GENETICS/ETIOLOGY RN - 51-61-6 (Dopamine) RN - 50-67-9 (Serotonin) DP - 1997 Jul 25 TA - Am J Med Genet IS - 0148-7299 JC - 3L4 PG - 432-438 IP - 4 VI - 74 AB - The distribution of obsessive compulsive symptoms was compared in 16 individuals with primary obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and 16 individuals with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and associated obsessive compulsive behaviors (OCB). The two groups showed significant differences in the distribution of OC symptomatology. Furthermore, those OCD probands who shared a similar symptom profile with GTS individuals all had a positive family history of OCD. All of the other OCD probands were isolated cases. Implications of this finding on the etiology and pathogenesis of the two disorders are discussed. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of London, United Kingdom. SO - Am J Med Genet 1997 Jul 25;74(4):432-438 UI - 98026129 PM - 9379007 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Herold KC AU - Lu J AU - Rulifson I AU - Vezys V AU - Taub D AU - Grusby MJ AU - Bluestone JA TI - Regulation of C-C chemokine production by murine T cells by CD28/B7 costimulation. MH - Animal MH - Antigens, CD28/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Antigens, CD80/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chemokines, CC/IMMUNOLOGY/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Signal Transduction/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - T-Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY RN - 0 (Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell) RN - 0 (Chemokines, CC) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD80) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD28) DP - 1997 Nov 1 TA - J Immunol IS - 0022-1767 JC - IFB PG - 4150-4153 IP - 9 VI - 159 AB - C-C chemokines play an important role in recruitment of T lymphocytes to inflammatory sites. T lymphocytes secrete chemokines, but the activation requirements for chemokine production by T cells are uncertain. We studied the regulation of C-C chemokine production by CD28 costimulatory signals by murine T lymphocytes. Splenocytes from BALB/c mice cultured with anti-CD3 mAb expressed macrophage- inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha mRNA and secreted MIP-1alpha, which was inhibited by anti-B7-1 plus anti-B7-2 mAbs. MIP-1alpha production by Ag-stimulated T cells from DO.11.10 TCR transgenic mice was augmented by anti-CD28 mAb and increased compared with DO.11.10/CD28(-/- ) cells. When T cell costimulation was provided by IL-2, MIP-1alpha was not enhanced. Studies with IL-2, IL-4, STAT4, and STAT6 knock-out mice suggested that chemokine production is controlled by pathways different from those regulating T cell differentiation. Thus, CD28 costimulation may amplify an immune response by stimulating T cell survival, proliferation, and production of chemokines that recruit T cells to inflammatory sites. AD - Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA. kherold@uic.edu SO - J Immunol 1997 Nov 1;159(9):4150-4153 UI - 98025848 PM - 9376099 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Telles PR AU - Bastos FI AU - Guydish J AU - Inciardi JA AU - Surratt HL AU - Pearl M AU - Hearst N TI - Risk behavior and HIV seroprevalence among injecting drug users in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Brazil/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Human MH - HIV Seropositivity/*EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - *HIV-1 MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DP - 1997 Sep TA - AIDS IS - 0269-9370 JC - AID PG - S35-S42 VI - 11 AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterize HIV seroprevalence and risk behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1990 and 1996. DESIGN: We report data from three separate cross-sectional samples of IDUs in Rio de Janeiro: the World Health Organization (WHO) sample (n = 479), the Proviva sample (n = 138) and the Brasil sample (n = 110). These data provide the most comprehensive view available, to date, of this understudied population in Rio. METHODS: Demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS risk behavior and HIV seroprevalence were compared across the three samples and combined analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with injecting risk behavior, sexual risk behavior and HIV seropositivity. RESULTS: The overall HIV seroprevalence among IDUs was 25%. Two encouraging findings of the present analysis were the lower levels of needle-sharing among participants recruited in the latest years (1995-1996) and the lower HIV seroprevalence in the Proviva sample composed mainly of less educated, poorer IDUs living in deprived neighborhoods. No trends toward safer behavior were found for sexual risk, younger age being the principal factor associated with high risk. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of needle-sharing and sexual risk among IDUs in Rio remain high, demonstrating the urgent need to increase the limited preventive measures undertaken so far. Seroprevalence levels for HIV remain significantly lower in the most deprived sample, arguing for the fundamental importance of prompt and effective prevention strategies to keep infection rates from rising among the poorest and largest strata of Rio's IDUs. AD - Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Atencao ao uso de Drogas, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. SO - AIDS 1997 Sep;11:S35-S42 UI - 97473475 PM - 9332329 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Prentice HG AU - Hann IM AU - Herbrecht R AU - Aoun M AU - Kvaloy S AU - Catovsky D AU - Pinkerton CR AU - Schey SA AU - Jacobs F AU - Oakhill A AU - Stevens RF AU - Darbyshire PJ AU - Gibson BE TI - A randomized comparison of liposomal versus conventional amphotericin B for the treatment of pyrexia of unknown origin in neutropenic patients. MH - Adult MH - Amphotericin B/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Antibiotics, Antifungal/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Child MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Fever of Unknown Origin/*DRUG THERAPY/COMPLICATIONS MH - Human MH - Male MH - Mycoses/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Neutropenia/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Prospective Studies MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 1397-89-3 (Amphotericin B) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal) RN - 0 (AmBisome) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Br J Haematol IS - 0007-1048 JC - AXC PG - 711-718 IP - 3 VI - 98 AB - One hundred and thirty-four adults and 204 children were randomized in two prospective, parallel comparative multicentre trials to receive either conventional amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d (c-AMB), liposomal amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d(L-AMB1) or liposomal amphotericin B 3 mg/ kg/d (L-AMB3). Patients were entered if they had a pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) defined as temperature of 38 degrees C or more, not responding to 96 h of systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, and neutropenia (< 0.5 x 10(9)/l). The safety and toxicity of liposomal amphotericin B was compared with that of conventional amphotericin B. Efficacy of treatment was assessed, with success defined as resolution of fever for 3 consecutive days (< 38 degrees C) without the development of any new fungal infection. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected for safety analysis. In both the paediatric and adult populations, L-AMB treated patients had a 2-6-fold decrease in the incidence (P < or = 0.01) of test-drug-related side-effects, compared to c-AMB. Severe trial-drug-related side-effects were seen in 1% of L-AMB treated patients, in contrast to 12% of patients on c-AMB (P < 0.01). Nephrotoxicity, in the patient subset not receiving concomitant nephrotoxic agents, defined as a doubling from the patients baseline serum creatinine level, was not observed in the L-AMB1 arm whereas the incidence was 3% in patients on L-AMB3 and 23% in those on c-AMB (P < 0.01). Moreover, time to develop nephrotoxicity was longer in both L- AMB arms than c-AMB (P < 0.01). Severe hypokalaemia was observed less frequently in both L-AMB arms (P < 0.01). Analysis was by intention-to- treat and included all patients randomized. Success was defined by a minimum of 3 consecutive days with fever (< 38 degrees C) continuing to study end indicated by recovery of neutrophils to 0.5 x 10(9)/l. Addition of systemic antifungal therapy or development of systemic fungal infection were failures as was persistent fever to study end. Efficacy assessments indicated success in 49% of the total group treated with c-AMB, 58% of patients responded to L-AMB1 and 64% to L- AMB3. A statistically significant difference was found between c-AMB and L-AMB3 (P = 0.03) but a Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to differvescence of fever showed there was no significant difference between the arms. It was concluded that liposomal amphotericin at either 1 or 3 mg/kg/d was significantly safer than conventional amphotericin B in children and adults. The main aim of this open-label study was to compare safety between the three trial arms. However, we provide evidence for an equivalent or possibly superior efficacy of liposomal amphotericin with regard to resolution of fever of unknown origin. Subsequent trials should compare amphotericin preparations in defined fungal infections. AD - Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London. SO - Br J Haematol 1997 Sep;98(3):711-718 UI - 97466165 PM - 9377966 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Jablecki J AU - Domanasiewicz A AU - Chelmonski A TI - Treatment of complex fractures within the hand with external fixation. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Bone Cements MH - English Abstract MH - *External Fixators MH - Female MH - Fractures, Open/*THERAPY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Metacarpophalangeal Joint/*INJURIES MH - Middle Age MH - Prosthesis Implantation MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 0 (Bone Cements) DP - 1997 TA - Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol IS - 0009-479X JC - D4E PG - 205-209 IP - 3 VI - 62 AB - External fixation with the use of bone cement was employed in treatment for 22 metacarpal and phalangeal fractures in 18 patients. Open fractures prevailed (70%). A frame or "V" construction was used. Metal implants were connected with balls of bone cement. The average hand function loss in cases of metacarpal fractures associated with nerves and tendons lesion was 25%. AD - Osrodka Replantacji Konczyn, Mikrochirurgii, Chirurgii Reki i Chirurgii Ogolnej w Trzebnicy. SO - Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol 1997 ;62(3):205-209 UI - 97447666 PM - 9303406 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ednie LM AU - Jacobs MR AU - Appelbaum PC TI - Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004). MH - Antibiotics, Macrolide/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Azithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Bacteria, Anaerobic/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Carbon Dioxide/METABOLISM MH - Clarithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Erythromycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Microbial Sensitivity Tests MH - Roxithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 83905-01-5 (Azithromycin) RN - 81103-11-9 (Clarithromycin) RN - 80214-83-1 (Roxithromycin) RN - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide) RN - 114-07-8 (Erythromycin) RN - 0 (RU 66647) RN - 0 (RU 64004) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Macrolide) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Antimicrob Agents Chemother IS - 0066-4804 JC - 6HK PG - 2019-2022 IP - 9 VI - 41 AB - HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004), two ketolides, had MICs at which 50% of the strains are inhibited (MIC50s) of 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml and MIC90s of 16.0 microg/ml against 352 anaerobes. MIC50s and MIC90s of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin were 0.5 to 2.0 microg/ml and 32.0 to >64.0 microg/ml, respectively. HMR 3647 and HMR 3004 were more active against non- Bacteroides fragilis-group anaerobes (other than Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium varium, and Clostridium difficile). AD - Department of Pathology (Clinical Microbiology), Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania 17033, USA. SO - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997 Sep;41(9):2019-2022 UI - 98018999 PM - 9357967 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Schuening FG AU - von Kalle C AU - Kiem HP AU - Appelbaum FR AU - Deeg HJ AU - Pepe M AU - Gooley T AU - Graham TC AU - Hackman RC AU - Storb R TI - Effect of recombinant canine stem cell factor, a c-kit ligand, on hematopoietic recovery after DLA-identical littermate marrow transplants in dogs. MH - Animal MH - Bone Marrow Transplantation/*VETERINARY/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Dogs MH - Female MH - Graft vs Host Disease/ETIOLOGY MH - Graft Survival MH - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Hematopoiesis/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Histocompatibility MH - Male MH - Recombinant Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Stem Cell Factor/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Time Factors RN - 143011-72-7 (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) RN - 0 (Stem Cell Factor) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Exp Hematol IS - 0301-472X JC - EPR PG - 1240-1245 IP - 12 VI - 25 AB - We studied the effect of recombinant canine stem cell factor (rcSCF) on hematopoietic recovery, incidence of graft failure, graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), and survival after marrow transplantation from dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-identical canine littermates. Ten animals received 100 microg rcSCF/kg/day b.i.d. by subcutaneous injection on days 1 through 10 after 920 cGy total body irradiation and transplantation of a mean of 3.7x10(8) marrow cells/kg body weight. None of the dogs received GVHD prophylaxis. All animals showed hematopoietic engraftment. The median number of days to achieve 1000 neutrophils/mm3 was 9; 100 monocytes/mm3 were reached after 15 days, 500 lymphocytes/mm3 after 21 days, and 20,000 platelets/mm3 after 16 days. One animal developed GVHD involving skin, gut, and liver and died of bacterial pneumonia 21 days after transplantation. The remaining nine dogs were observed for a median of 37 days (range 29-84 days) posttransplantation until they were killed. Facial edema was seen in three dogs during the first 2-3 days of rcSCF administration. These results show that within the limits of this study it appears to be safe to administer SCF after DLA-identical littermate marrow transplants in dogs. Comparison with previously published data in the same model showed that neutrophil and monocyte recovery was significantly faster in dogs receiving SCF treatment compared with dogs without growth factor treatment (recovery to achieve 1000 neutrophils/mm3: median 9 days vs. 13 days, p = 0.002; recovery to 100 monocytes/mm3: median 15 days vs. 105 days, p = 0.0002). Otherwise, no significant differences were seen. Results obtained with SCF treatment were similar to those previously obtained in the same model with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) treatment except that recovery of lymphocytes to 500/mm3 appeared to be more rapid in G-CSF- treated dogs (median 15 days vs. 21 days, p = 0.03). AD - The University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. SO - Exp Hematol 1997 Nov;25(12):1240-1245 UI - 97465497 PM - 9326217 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Molldrem JJ AU - Clave E AU - Jiang YZ AU - Mavroudis D AU - Raptis A AU - Hensel N AU - Agarwala V AU - Barrett AJ TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a nonpolymorphic proteinase 3 peptide preferentially inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia colony-forming units. MH - Bone Marrow/PATHOLOGY MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic MH - Exons/GENETICS MH - Human MH - HLA-A2 Antigen/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Immunotherapy, Adoptive MH - Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic/PATHOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Neoplasm Proteins/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - Peptide Fragments/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Serine Proteinases/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Tumor Cells, Cultured MH - Tumor Stem Cell Assay MH - Tumor Stem Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY/ENZYMOLOGY RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (Neoplasm Proteins) RN - 0 (HLA-A2 Antigen) RN - EC 3.4.21.76 (myeloblastin) RN - EC 3.4.21 (Serine Proteinases) DP - 1997 Oct 1 TA - Blood IS - 0006-4971 JC - A8G PG - 2529-2534 IP - 7 VI - 90 AB - We previously showed that a peptide (PR1) derived from the primary granule enzyme proteinase 3 induced peptide specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a normal HLA-A2.1+ individual. These CTL showed HLA-restricted cytotoxicity to myeloid leukemias (which overexpress proteinase 3). To further investigate their antileukemic potential, we studied the ability of PR1-specific CTL, derived from two HLA-A2.1+ normal individuals, to inhibit colony-forming unit granulocyte- macrophage (CFU-GM) from normal and leukemic individuals. CTL from 20 day PR1 peptide-pulsed lymphocyte cultures showed 89% to 98% HLA-A2.1- restricted colony inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemia targets. Colony formation in normal HLA-A2.1+ bone marrow or HLA-A2.1- CML cells was not inhibited. Sequencing of the exon encoding PR1 showed that colony inhibition was not caused by polymorphic differences in proteinase 3 between effectors and targets. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that proteinase 3 was overexpressed in the leukemia targets compared with normal marrow targets (median channel fluorescence 1,399 v 298, P = .009). These results show that PR1-specific allogeneic T cells preferentially inhibit leukemic CFU-GM based on overexpression of proteinase 3, and that proteinase 3-specific CTL could be used for leukemia-specific adoptive immunotherapy. AD - Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. SO - Blood 1997 Oct 1;90(7):2529-2534 UI - 98018608 PM - 9382507 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Egawa S AU - Fukuyama S AU - Sunamura M AU - Kobari M AU - Matsuno S TI - Intraoperative radiotherapy in carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. MH - Aged MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - *Intraoperative Care MH - Middle Age MH - Pain Measurement MH - Pain, Postoperative/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Pancreatic Neoplasms/SURGERY/*RADIOTHERAPY/MORTALITY MH - Radiotherapy Dosage MH - Radiotherapy, Adjuvant MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Survival Rate DP - 1997 Sep TA - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho IS - 0385-0684 JC - 6T8 PG - 1687-1690 IP - 12 VI - 24 AB - The prognosis for patients with carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas is extremely poor. We analyzed the effectiveness of intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR) from the viewpoint of the cumulative survival rate and pain relief. The prognosis of patients who underwent IOR with/without resection was significantly longer than for patients without IOR (p < 0.0001). Better pain relief was obtained by IOR. Although a randomized prospective study is required, resection and IOR will be the central treatment modalities for carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. AD - Dept. of Surgery I, Tohoku University School of Medicine. SO - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1997 Sep;24(12):1687-1690 UI - 97467412 PM - 9325342 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sievert MK AU - Ruoho AE TI - Peptide mapping of the [125I]Iodoazidoketanserin and [125I]2-N-[(3'- iodo-4'-azidophenyl)propionyl]tetrabenazine binding sites for the synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter. MH - Affinity Labels/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Animal MH - Azides/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Binding Sites MH - Biological Transport MH - Iodine Radioisotopes MH - Ketanserin/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Membrane Glycoproteins/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Models, Molecular MH - Neurotransmitters/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Peptide Mapping MH - Protein Binding MH - Rats MH - Recombinant Proteins/METABOLISM MH - Spodoptera MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Synaptic Vesicles/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Tetrabenazine/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES RN - 74050-98-9 (Ketanserin) RN - 58-46-8 (Tetrabenazine) RN - 136769-36-3 (azidoiodoketanserin) RN - 0 (2-N-((3'-iodo-4'-azidophenyl)propionyl)tetrabenazine) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Neurotransmitters) RN - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Iodine Radioisotopes) RN - 0 (Azides) RN - 0 (Affinity Labels) RN - 0 (vesicular amine transporter) DP - 1997 Oct 10 TA - J Biol Chem IS - 0021-9258 JC - HIV PG - 26049-26055 IP - 41 VI - 272 AB - The full-length cDNA for the rat recombinant synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter (rVMAT2) containing a COOH-terminal polyhistidine epitope was engineered into baculovirus DNA for expression in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Using this recombinant baculovirus and cultured Sf9 cells, rVMAT2 has been expressed to high levels and purified to >95% homogeneity using immobilized Ni2+-affinity chromatography followed by lectin (concanavalin A) chromatography. Purified transporter was photolabeled using [125I]-7-azido-8-iodoketanserin ([125I]AZIK) and [125I]2-N-[(3'-iodo-4'- azidophenyl)propionyl]tetrabenazine ([125I]TBZ-AIPP). Both [125I]AZIK and [125I]TBZ-AIPP photoaffinity labeling of purified rVMAT2 were protectable by 10 microM tetrabenazine (TBZ), 10 microM 7- aminoketanserin, and 1 mM concentrations of the transporter substrates dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Radiolabeled peptides were generated using enzymatic and chemical methods, purified using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and NH2-terminal microsequenced. Radiosequencing of [125I]AZIK-labeled rVMAT2 indicated derivatization of Lys-20 in the NH2 terminus, just prior to putative transmembrane domain 1 (TMD1). [125I]TBZ-AIPP derivatized a segment of rVMAT2 between Gly-408 and Cys-431 in TMD10 and 11. These data implicate juxtaposition of TMD1 and 10/11. AD - Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. SO - J Biol Chem 1997 Oct 10;272(41):26049-26055 UI - 97446891 PM - 9301342 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Jason LA AU - Richman JA AU - Friedberg F AU - Wagner L AU - Taylor R AU - Jordan KM TI - Politics, science, and the emergence of a new disease. The case of chronic fatigue syndrome. MH - *Attitude of Health Personnel MH - Comorbidity MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/PSYCHOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS/CLASSIFICATION MH - Human MH - Mental Disorders/EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - *Nomenclature MH - Prevalence MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - United States/EPIDEMIOLOGY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Am Psychol IS - 0003-066X JC - 41V PG - 973-983 IP - 9 VI - 52 AB - Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) emerged as a diagnostic category during the last decade. Initial research suggested that CFS was a relatively rare disorder with a high level of psychiatric comorbidity. Many physicians minimized the seriousness of this disorder and also interpreted the syndrome as being equivalent to a psychiatric disorder. These attitudes had negative consequences for the treatment of CFS. By the mid-1990s, findings from more representative epidemiological studies indicated considerably higher CFS prevalence rates. However, the use of the revised CFS case definition might have produced heterogeneous patient groups, possibly including some patients with pure psychiatric disorders. Social scientists have the expertise to more precisely define this syndrome and to develop appropriate and sensitive research strategies for understanding this disease. AD - Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA. SO - Am Psychol 1997 Sep;52(9):973-983 UI - 98016285 PM - 9353195 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ash EL AU - Sudmeier JL AU - De Fabo EC AU - Bachovchin WW TI - A low-barrier hydrogen bond in the catalytic triad of serine proteases? Theory versus experiment. MH - Aspartic Acid/CHEMISTRY MH - Binding Sites MH - Boronic Acids/METABOLISM MH - Catalysis MH - Histidine/CHEMISTRY MH - Hydrogen Bonding MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MH - Oligopeptides/METABOLISM MH - Protons MH - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/METABOLISM MH - Serine Proteinases/METABOLISM/*CHEMISTRY MH - Subtilisins/CHEMISTRY MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Temperature MH - Urocanic Acid/CHEMISTRY RN - 94242-73-6 (O-methyl-succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-borovaline) RN - 7006-35-1 (Histidine) RN - 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid) RN - 104-98-3 (Urocanic Acid) RN - 0 (Serine Proteinase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Protons) RN - 0 (Oligopeptides) RN - 0 (Boronic Acids) RN - EC 3.4.21.12 (Myxobacter alpha-lytic proteinase) RN - EC 3.4.21.- (Subtilisins) RN - EC 3.4.21 (Serine Proteinases) DP - 1997 Nov 7 TA - Science IS - 0036-8075 JC - UJ7 PG - 1128-1132 IP - 5340 VI - 278 AB - Cleland and Kreevoy recently advanced the idea that a special type of hydrogen bond (H-bond), termed a low-barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB), may account for the "missing" transition state stabilization underlying the catalytic power of many enzymes, and Frey et al. have proposed that the H-bond between aspartic acid 102 and histidine 57 in the catalytic triad of serine proteases is an example of a catalytically important LBHB. Experimental facts are here considered regarding the aspartic acid-histidine and cis-urocanic H-bonds that are inconsistent with fundamental tenets of the LBHB hypothesis. The inconsistencies between theory and experiment in these paradigm systems cast doubt on the existence of LBHBs, as currently defined, within enzyme active sites. AD - Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. SO - Science 1997 Nov 7;278(5340):1128-1132 UI - 97460839 PM - 9315221 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Singh DV AU - Sanyal SC TI - Enterotoxicity, haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas eucrenophila strains isolated from water and infected fish. MH - Aeromonas/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Animal MH - Fish Diseases/MICROBIOLOGY MH - Fishes/*MICROBIOLOGY MH - Gastrointestinal System/MICROBIOLOGY MH - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/VETERINARY/PATHOLOGY MH - Hemolysis MH - Microbial Sensitivity Tests MH - Rabbits MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Water Microbiology DP - 1997 Feb TA - Indian J Exp Biol IS - 0019-5189 JC - GIZ PG - 144-147 IP - 2 VI - 35 AB - Strains of A. eucrenophila isolated from fresh water (2 strains) and infected fish (4 strains) were tested for haemolytic activity and enterotoxicity and any correlation between them. Also, the resistance patterns of A. eucrenophila were tested especially in relation to ampicillin. None of the A. eucrenophila strains caused fluid accumulation in the initial tests, however, they did so only after one to four sequential passages through the gut of a susceptible host. All the strains of A. eucrenophila showed beta-haemolytic activities. Production of beta-haemolysin could be correlated with enterotoxicity. Since all the strains of A. eucrenophila were resistant to ampicillin, media containing this antibiotic may be used for their isolation from diverse sources. AD - Department of Microbiology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. SO - Indian J Exp Biol 1997 Feb;35(2):144-147 UI - 97474436 PM - 9335460 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Masuda M AU - Yamazaki K AU - Kanzaki J AU - Hosoda Y TI - Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigation of the human vestibular dark cell area: roles of subepithelial capillaries and T lymphocyte-melanophage interaction in an immune surveillance system. MH - von Willebrand Factor/ANALYSIS MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antigens, CD45/ANALYSIS MH - Capillaries/ULTRASTRUCTURE/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Ear Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Epithelium/ULTRASTRUCTURE/IMMUNOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Female MH - Human MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - *Immunologic Surveillance MH - Macrophages/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Neurilemmoma/PATHOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Semicircular Canals/CYTOLOGY MH - T-Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Vestibule/IMMUNOLOGY/CYTOLOGY/*BLOOD SUPPLY RN - 0 (Antigens, CD45) RN - 0 (von Willebrand Factor) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Anat Rec IS - 0003-276X JC - 4QM PG - 153-162 IP - 2 VI - 249 AB - BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to morphologically characterize the structure of the subepithelial blood vessels in the dark cell area of the human vestibular organs, and to determine whether immunocompetent cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes could be found around these small blood vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 31 surgical specimens (semicircular canals and utricles) were obtained from patients with vestibular schwannoma. Formalin fixed specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and with antibodies to von Willebrand Factor (vWF), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and UCHL-1, and were examined with light microscope. Specimens fixed with glutaraldehyde were examined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). OBJECTIVES: Subepithelial blood vessels stained positive for vWF. By TEM observation, these blood vessels were observed to be capillaries that consisted of non-fenestrated endothelium, occasional pericytes, and a basement membrane. They were usually accompanied by melanophages with a number of secondary lysosomes containing phagocytosed degraded melanosomes and lipid droplets. Moreover, melanocytes and their cell processes directly surrounded these subepithelial capillaries. The fact that cells which were positively stained with LCA and UCHL-1 were present both in the intra- and subepithelial layer of the specimens, and that by TEM the intra- and subepithelial mononuclear cells with a lymphoid appearance had clustered dense bodies in their cytoplasm, suggested that they were a population of T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggested the possibility of a T lymphocyte-melanophage (macrophage) interaction, both originating from and harbored around subepithelial capillaries, which suggests the presence of an immune surveillance system in the human vestibular organs. AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. SO - Anat Rec 1997 Oct;249(2):153-162 UI - 97470618 PM - 9331078 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Majewski S AU - Jablonska S TI - Skin autografts in epidermodysplasia verruciformis: human papillomavirus-associated cutaneous changes need over 20 years for malignant conversion. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic MH - Cell Transformation, Viral MH - Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/VIROLOGY/*SURGERY/PATHOLOGY MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Papillomavirus, Human/*PATHOGENICITY MH - Papovaviridae Infections/VIROLOGY/*SURGERY/PATHOLOGY MH - Precancerous Conditions/VIROLOGY/*SURGERY/PATHOLOGY MH - Skin Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY MH - Skin Transplantation/*PATHOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Time Factors MH - Transplantation, Autologous MH - Tumor Virus Infections/VIROLOGY/*SURGERY/PATHOLOGY DP - 1997 Oct 1 TA - Cancer Res IS - 0008-5472 JC - CNF PG - 4214-4216 IP - 19 VI - 57 AB - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is regarded as a model for cutaneous oncogenesis associated with specific human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Because genital HPV-associated carcinogenesis is a very long- lasting process requiring 20-30 years and epidemiological studies of this type for HPV-associated skin cancers are impossible in such a rare disease as EV, we observed for up to 20 years EV patients having surgery for carcinomas with consecutive autografts from uninvolved and non-sun-exposed skin. We noticed the appearance of premalignant and malignant changes around the grafts, whereas within the grafted skin, only benign macular lesions started to develop several years after transplantation. Thus, skin HPV-associated carcinogenesis appears to be a very slow process comparable to the genital carcinogenesis associated with high risk HPVs. AD - Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Poland. SO - Cancer Res 1997 Oct 1;57(19):4214-4216 UI - 97467352 PM - 9325282 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Cotten JF AU - Welsh MJ TI - Covalent modification of the regulatory domain irreversibly stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. MH - Adenosine Triphosphate/METABOLISM MH - Alanine/METABOLISM MH - Binding Sites MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/METABOLISM MH - Cysteine/METABOLISM MH - Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/METABOLISM/GENETICS/*CHEMISTRY MH - Cytoplasm/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Ethylmaleimide/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Human MH - Models, Chemical MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transfection RN - 6898-94-8 (Alanine) RN - 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) RN - 4371-52-2 (Cysteine) RN - 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide) RN - 126880-72-6 (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) RN - EC 2.7.10.- (Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases) DP - 1997 Oct 10 TA - J Biol Chem IS - 0021-9258 JC - HIV PG - 25617-25622 IP - 41 VI - 272 AB - The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is regulated by three cytosolic domains, the regulatory domain (R domain) and two nucleotide binding domains. To learn more about how the cytosolic domains regulate channel activity, we used chemical modification to probe their structure. When we applied the sulfhydryl- modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and other N-substituted maleimides to the cytosolic domains, we found that they rapidly and irreversibly stimulated channel activity. CFTR contains 14 intracellular cysteine residues that might be targets for NEM modification. We identified one, Cys832, that was essential for the response. Cys832 is located in the R domain. Single channel studies showed that NEM stimulated CFTR by increasing the duration of bursts of activity and by shortening the closed interval between bursts. At the single channel level, CFTR in which Cys832 was mutated to alanine behaved identically to wild-type CFTR, except that it failed to respond to NEM. Additional studies showed that NEM modification increased the potency of ATP-mediated stimulation. Previous work has shown that modification of the R domain by phosphorylation, which introduces negative charge, or replacement of multiple serines by negatively charged aspartates stimulates the channel. Our current data show that covalent modification of the R domain with a neutral, hydrophobic adduct at a site that is not phosphorylated can also stimulate CFTR. This finding suggests that an alteration in the conformation of the R domain may be a key feature that regulates channel activity. AD - Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. SO - J Biol Chem 1997 Oct 10;272(41):25617-25622 UI - 98025784 PM - 9382073 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sterling RK AU - Herbener TE AU - Jacobs GH AU - Post AB AU - Carey JT AU - Haaga JR TI - Multifocal hepatic lesions in AIDS: an unusual presentation of steatosis. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Case Report MH - Fatty Liver/RADIOGRAPHY/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Human MH - Liver/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Sarcoma, Kaposi/COMPLICATIONS MH - Skin Neoplasms/COMPLICATIONS MH - Tomography, X-Ray Computed DP - 1997 Oct TA - Am J Gastroenterol IS - 0002-9270 JC - 3HE PG - 1934-1936 IP - 10 VI - 92 AB - Patients infected with HIV frequently have abnormal results on liver tests, leading to radiographic evaluation for hepatic lesions. The etiology of these lesions in patients infected with HIV is most often secondary to infections or tumors. Occasionally, focal abnormalities in the liver are identified in asymptomatic patients. The etiology and clinical course in this subset of patients are not known. However, because of concerns of tumor, an evaluation is usually warranted. We report an unusual case of multifocal hepatic steatosis presenting as multiple liver lesions in an HIV-positive patient with cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. This case emphasizes the importance of obtaining a tissue diagnosis in this patient population. AD - Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. SO - Am J Gastroenterol 1997 Oct;92(10):1934-1936 UI - 98021902 PM - 9377881 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - MacIntyre NR AU - McConnell R AU - Cheng KC AU - Sane A TI - Patient-ventilator flow dyssynchrony: flow-limited versus pressure- limited breaths. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Airway Obstruction/THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Human MH - Linear Models MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Monitoring, Physiologic/INSTRUMENTATION MH - Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic/THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Respiration, Artificial/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*METHODS MH - Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Work of Breathing DP - 1997 Oct TA - Crit Care Med IS - 0090-3493 JC - DTF PG - 1671-1677 IP - 10 VI - 25 AB - OBJECTIVES: Patient-ventilator flow dyssynchrony occurs when ventilator flow delivery is insufficient to meet patient demands. If sufficiently severe, flow dyssynchrony can produce significant imposed loads on ventilatory muscles. Flow dyssynchrony can be improved by increasing ventilator flow delivery. We hypothesized that the variable flow pressure-limited breath would be a better approach for matching patient flow demands than adjusting a set flow on a conventional volume-cycled breath. DESIGN: Clinical interventional study. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Sixteen stable, mechanically ventilated patients receiving volume-cycled assist-control ventilation. INTERVENTIONS: Flow dyssynchrony was produced by reducing the set flow by 50%. Dyssynchrony was quantified by measuring the esophageal pressure time product during the assisted breath. Two strategies were then employed in an attempt to reduce the dyssynchrony. One strategy was to increase flow back to the initial set flow and then further increase flow by an additional 25% (VI strategy). The other strategy was to use a pressure-limited breath feature coupled to a volume assist breath (the P strategy). With the P strategy, the pressure limit was set at 75% and 100% of the static elastic recoil pressure at end- inspiration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pressure time product, intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure, and the ventilatory pattern were measured with each strategy and were analyzed by analysis of variance. Induced baseline flow dyssynchrony, as measured by the pressure time product, was > 5 cm H2O/sec in ten of 16 patients. This dyssynchrony was significantly reduced by both the VI strategy and the P strategy, although the P strategy appeared to be more effective in those patients with the greatest baseline dyssynchrony. Baseline inspiratory time was also shortened by both the VI strategy and the P strategy; the VI strategy shortened baseline inspiratory time more than the P strategy. Baseline tidal volume, frequency, and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure were only minimally affected by either strategy. CONCLUSION: The pressure-limited, variable-flow approach to ventilator gas delivery appears to be more responsive to a vigorous patient effort than a fixed-flow approach. AD - Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. SO - Crit Care Med 1997 Oct;25(10):1671-1677 UI - 97460847 PM - 9315229 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Dhulipal PD TI - Ets oncogene family. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Binding Sites/GENETICS MH - DNA/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Human MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Multigene Family MH - *Oncogenes MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Trans-Activation (Genetics) MH - Transcription Factors/METABOLISM/*GENETICS RN - 9007-49-2 (DNA) RN - 0 (Transcription Factors) RN - 0 (Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins) RN - 0 (proto-oncogene protein ets) RN - 0 (oncogene protein ets) DP - 1997 Apr TA - Indian J Exp Biol IS - 0019-5189 JC - GIZ PG - 315-322 IP - 4 VI - 35 AB - First member of Ets gene family was discovered a decade ago by studying avian erythroblastosis virus, E26. This virus encodes a tripartite protein gag-myb-ets with a molecular weight of 135 kDa. Subsequently, a series of cellular Ets genes were isolated (Ets-1, Ets-2, Erg, Elk-1, Sap-1, PEA-3, PU.1, Fli-1, Pok/Yan, Etv-1 etc.). These genes share sequence homology to E26 Ets gene (v-ets or viral ets). Ets genes are highly conserved in phylogenetically divergent species from Drosophila to man. Mammalian Ets genes are located on different chromosomes. Ets gene products are transcriptionally active sequence-specific DNA binding proteins and are differentially regulated. Ets genes are involved in certain chromosomal translocations leading to the formation of chimeric fusion proteins that are associated with certain leukemias and soft tissue cancers. Ets genes also have a role in T-cell development and molecular and genetic analysis of Down Syndrome patients have implicated the human Ets-2 and Erg genes in the disease. Down Syndrome afflicted patients have immunologic and thymic disorders as well as a greater risk for leukemic disease. Thus, Ets genes having homology to viral oncogenes, may be instrumental in regulating cellular growth and differentiation, as well as organismal development. Alteration of these genes and their products may cause deregulation of normal cell growth and differentiation and result in a disease. AD - Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. SO - Indian J Exp Biol 1997 Apr;35(4):315-322 UI - 97405185 PM - 9261855 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Shaffer JP AU - Barson W AU - Luquette M AU - Groner JI AU - Hogan MJ AU - Allen E TI - Massive hemoptysis as the presenting manifestation in a child with histoplasmosis. MH - Amphotericin B/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Antibiotics, Antifungal/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Antifungal Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Bronchoscopy MH - Case Report MH - Child MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Hemoptysis/SURGERY/*ETIOLOGY MH - Histoplasmosis/PATHOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/*DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS MH - Human MH - Itraconazole/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Lung/PATHOLOGY MH - Lung Diseases, Fungal/PATHOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/*DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS MH - Male MH - Pneumonectomy MH - Recurrence RN - 84625-61-6 (Itraconazole) RN - 1397-89-3 (Amphotericin B) RN - 0 (Antifungal Agents) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal) DP - 1997 Jul TA - Pediatr Pulmonol IS - 8755-6863 JC - OWH PG - 57-60 IP - 1 VI - 24 AB - A previously healthy and asymptomatic 7-year-old white boy presented with a history of two episodes of hemoptysis productive of bright red blood in the 5 days preceding admission. After admission he developed massive hemoptysis that, on bronchoscopy, was noted to be emanating from the right lower lobe. An emergency right lower lobe resection was done. Pathological examination revealed hilar adenopathy and peripheral lesions with caseating granulomas containing yeast, morphologically consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus 43210, USA. SO - Pediatr Pulmonol 1997 Jul;24(1):57-60 UI - 97477556 PM - 9336559 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - AbuSabha R AU - Achterberg C TI - Review of self-efficacy and locus of control for nutrition- and health- related behavior. MH - *Feeding Behavior/PSYCHOLOGY MH - *Health Behavior MH - Human MH - *Internal-External Control MH - *Nutrition MH - *Self Concept MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Am Diet Assoc IS - 0002-8223 JC - H6F PG - 1122-1132 IP - 10 VI - 97 AB - This article reviews several cognitive predictors of health- and diet- related behaviors commonly used in theories and models of nutrition and health behavior change. Constructs such as self-efficacy, self-esteem, outcome expectancies, health value, and locus of control are examined. Self-efficacy has repeatedly been a good predictor of health behavior, sometimes explaining more than 50% of variability. Research on locus of control and other predictive factors has been less conclusive. The take- home message is threefold: (a) task specificity of self-efficacy and domain specificity of locus of control are crucial for unraveling their effects on behavior; (b) careful segmentation of different population groups under study may explain the inconsistencies in previous research; and (c) especially when studying dietary behavior, these predictors of behavior change should not be used alone or in place of one another but should be used simultaneously to explain complex food and diet-related behaviors. We recommend that nutritionists systematically integrate available theories and models and explore new areas for studying human behavior, such as sociology and anthropology, to form a more powerful, comprehensive model for behavior change. AD - Department of Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA. SO - J Am Diet Assoc 1997 Oct;97(10):1122-1132 UI - 97428621 PM - 9281438 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Korbmacher B AU - Sunderdiek U AU - Selcan G AU - Arnold G AU - Schipke JD TI - Different responses of non-ischemic and post-ischemic myocardium towards Ca2+ sensitization. MH - Action Potentials/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Animal MH - Arrhythmia/PREVENTION & CONTROL MH - Bradycardia/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Calcium/*METABOLISM MH - Cardiotonic Agents/TOXICITY/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Drug Resistance MH - Heart Rate/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Male MH - Myocardial Contraction/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Myocardial Ischemia/*METABOLISM/COMPLICATIONS MH - Myocardial Reperfusion MH - Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/*METABOLISM MH - Myocardial Stunning/*METABOLISM/ETIOLOGY MH - Oxygen Consumption/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Rabbits MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Systole/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Thiadiazines/TOXICITY/*PHARMACOLOGY RN - 7440-70-2 (Calcium) RN - 158623-12-2 (EMD 60263) RN - 0 (Thiadiazines) RN - 0 (Cardiotonic Agents) DP - 1997 Aug TA - J Mol Cell Cardiol IS - 0022-2828 JC - J72 PG - 2053-2066 IP - 8 VI - 29 AB - We tested whether decreased Ca2+ sensitivity is a major cause for dysfunctional stunned myocardium. The experiments employed a novel Ca2+ sensitizing agent: the thiadiazinone derivative EMD 60 263. Experiments were done on 14 isolated, blood-perfused rabbit hearts. After control, seven hearts were subjected to 20 min no-flow ischemia, and then allowed to recover during 30 min reperfusion. Thereafter, EMD 60 263 was administered (3, 10 and 30 &mgr;m). For comparison, the effect of the same doses was investigated in seven non-ischemic hearts. At the low dose, the agent improved ventricular systolic function in the post- ischemic group significantly (LVPmax: 65+/-13 v 91+/-17 mmHg; dP/dtmax: 845+/-235 v 1300+/-350 mmHg/s), and non-significantly in the non- ischemic group (LVPmax: 115+/-35 v 132+/-39 mmHg; dP/dtmax: 1415+/-545 v 1885+/-720 mmHg/s). Early relaxation (dP/dtmin) was slightly improved in both groups (800+/-225 v 1050+/-220 mmHg/s post-ischemic; 1120+/-315 v 1205+/-285 mmHg/s non-ischemic). Heart rate was increased (151+/-35 v 175+/-45 beats/min) in the post-ischemic group and was unaffected in the non-ischemic group. At the higher dose, systolic ventricular function in the post-ischemic group was further improved (LVPmax: 109+/- 17 mmHg, dP/dtmax: 1330+/-180 mmHg/s), but tended to decrease in the non-ischemic group (LVPmax: 121+/-40 mmHg, dP/dtmax: 1605+/-680 mmHg/s). This dose decreased heart rate in both groups (133+/-34 and 134+/-23 beats/min). 30 &mgr;m EMD 60 263 had deleterious effects in both groups. The different responses towards Ca2+ sensitization suggest that a decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity might play a role in dysfunctional stunned myocardium. Therefore, Ca2+ sensitizing agents of the thiadiazinone type could be useful to recruit a positive inotropic reserve in stunned myocardium. AD - Institute of Experimental Surgery, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. SO - J Mol Cell Cardiol 1997 Aug;29(8):2053-2066 UI - 97458337 PM - 9313157 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Meijer GA AU - Bontempo V AU - Van Vuuren AM AU - Van der Meulen J TI - Effect of starch on the bioavailability of glutamine and leucine in the dairy cow. MH - Absorption MH - Animal MH - Biological Availability MH - Cattle/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Duodenum/METABOLISM MH - Female MH - Glutamine/*PHARMACOKINETICS MH - Half-Life MH - Kinetics MH - Leucine/*PHARMACOKINETICS MH - Rumen/METABOLISM MH - Starch/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE RN - 9005-25-8 (Starch) RN - 7005-03-0 (Leucine) RN - 56-85-9 (Glutamine) DP - 1997 Sep TA - J Dairy Sci IS - 0022-0302 JC - HWV PG - 2143-2148 IP - 9 VI - 80 AB - This experiment was designed to quantify changes in utilization of Gln and Leu by the gut wall as a result of changes in the starch supply to the duodenum. Four dairy cows fitted with cannulas in the rumen and the distal duodenum were adapted for 3 wk to starch infusion, either into the rumen (600 g/d of flaked maize) or into the duodenum (300 g/d of flaked maize plus 300 g/d of maize meal), in a 2 x 2 crossover design. Absorption and elimination kinetics and the relative bioavailability of Gln and Leu were measured during wk 4 and 5. After infusion of 50 g of Gln or 10 g of Leu into the duodenum or jugular vein, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at 0.5-h intervals up to 4 h after infusion. Concentrations of Gln and Leu in plasma fitted best to an open, one-compartment model (duodenal infusion) or to an open, two- compartment model (i.v. infusion). Both amino acids were rapidly absorbed; half-life times were less than 20 min. The amount of Gln trapped in the splanchnic bed was higher than the amount of Leu trapped in the splanchnic bed. Site of starch infusion did not affect the relative bioavailability of amino acids. AD - Department of Ruminant Nutrition, Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, The Netherlands. SO - J Dairy Sci 1997 Sep;80(9):2143-2148 UI - 98005032 PM - 9344581 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Seewaldt VL AU - Caldwell LE AU - Johnson BS AU - Swisshelm K AU - Collins SJ AU - Tsai S TI - Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor function in normal human mammary epithelial cells results in increased cellular proliferation and inhibits the formation of a polarized epithelium in vitro. MH - Breast/*CYTOLOGY MH - Cell Aging/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Cell Division/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Cell Line MH - Cell Polarity/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Choline O-Acetyltransferase/GENETICS MH - Down-Regulation (Physiology)/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Epithelial Cells/ULTRASTRUCTURE/CYTOLOGY/*CHEMISTRY MH - Extracellular Matrix Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Growth Substances/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Human MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Mutagenesis/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Receptors, Retinoic Acid/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Retroviridae/GENETICS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transformation, Genetic MH - Viral Fusion Proteins/PHYSIOLOGY RN - 0 (Viral Fusion Proteins) RN - 0 (Receptors, Retinoic Acid) RN - 0 (Growth Substances) RN - 0 (Extracellular Matrix Proteins) RN - EC 2.3.1.6 (Choline O-Acetyltransferase) DP - 1997 Oct 10 TA - Exp Cell Res IS - 0014-4827 JC - EPB PG - 16-28 IP - 1 VI - 236 AB - The expression of retinoic acid receptor-beta (RAR beta) mRNA is absent or down-regulated in a majority of breast cancers, suggesting that loss of retinoic acid receptor function may be a critical event in breast cancer carcinogenesis. We developed an in vitro system to investigate whether the loss of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) function might affect the proliferation and structural differentiation of normal cultured human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Utilizing a truncated retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha construct exhibiting dominant-negative activity against retinoic acid receptor isoforms alpha, beta, and gamma (DNRAR), we inhibited normal retinoic acid receptor function in HMECs. Suppression of RAR function in HMECs resulted in reduced growth inhibition mediated by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Moreover, the doubling time of HMECs expressing the DNRAR was significantly shortened, associated with a decrease in the percentage of cells in G1 and an increase in the percentage of cells in S-phase relative to controls. In addition, HMECs expressing the DNRAR cultured in prepared extracellular matrix exhibited a loss of extracellular matrix-induced growth arrest and formation of a polarized ductal epthelium. Our results suggest that ATRA and RARs may play an important role in regulating the proliferation of HMECs and in promoting differentiation. AD - Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. vseewald@u.washington.edu SO - Exp Cell Res 1997 Oct 10;236(1):16-28 UI - 98025922 PM - 9380472 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Thoroddsen E AU - Marr C AU - Efthymiopoulos C AU - Thorarinsson H TI - Concentration of cefuroxime in middle ear effusion of children with acute otitis media. MH - Acute Disease MH - Administration, Oral MH - Cefuroxime/THERAPEUTIC USE/*PHARMACOKINETICS/METABOLISM MH - Cephalosporins/THERAPEUTIC USE/*PHARMACOKINETICS/METABOLISM MH - Child, Preschool MH - Human MH - Infant MH - Microbial Sensitivity Tests MH - Otitis Media with Effusion/METABOLISM/*DRUG THERAPY RN - 55268-75-2 (Cefuroxime) RN - 0 (Cephalosporins) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Pediatr Infect Dis J IS - 0891-3668 JC - OXJ PG - 959-962 IP - 10 VI - 16 AB - BACKGROUND: Antibiotic concentrations in serum and middle ear effusion are important in determining therapeutic success in acute otitis media. For beta-lactams the most relevant pharmacokinetic index for clinical efficacy is the time for which serum concentrations exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathogen, which should be at least 40 to 50% of the dosing interval. METHODS: In this open, single center study, the concentration of cefuroxime achieved in the serum and middle ear effusion of pediatric acute otitis media patients with purulent effusion was assessed between 2 and 5 h after a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg cefuroxime axetil suspension. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of cefuroxime ranged from 2.8 to 7.3 microg/ml and were consistent with the results of previous pharmacokinetic study. These results show that serum concentrations of cefuroxime remain above the MIC90 (2.0 microg/ml) for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis for at least 5 h (42%) of the 12-h dosing interval. Cefuroxime was detected in 14 of 17 (82%) middle ear effusion samples and ranged from 0.2 to 3.6 microg/ml, indicating that cefuroxime penetrates well into the middle ear. CONCLUSIONS: Cefuroxime is well-absorbed and penetrates well into the middle ear after oral administration of cefuroxime axetil suspension. AD - Medical Clinic, Reykjavik, Iceland. SO - Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997 Oct;16(10):959-962 UI - 98018793 PM - 9357761 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lindenthal S AU - Schmieder S AU - Ehrenfeld J AU - Wills NK TI - Cloning and functional expression of a ClC Cl- channel from the renal cell line A6. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Cell Line MH - Chloride Channels/*PHYSIOLOGY/CHEMISTRY/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Chlorides/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - DIDS/PHARMACOLOGY MH - DNA, Complementary MH - Female MH - Gluconates/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Human MH - Iodides/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Kidney/*METABOLISM MH - Membrane Potentials/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Oocytes/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Organ Specificity MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rats MH - RNA Probes MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Xenopus laevis RN - 53005-05-3 (DIDS) RN - 526-95-4 (gluconic acid) RN - 0 (RNA Probes) RN - 0 (Iodides) RN - 0 (Gluconates) RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - 0 (Chlorides) RN - 0 (Chloride Channels) SI - GENBANK/Y09940 DP - 1997 Oct TA - Am J Physiol IS - 0002-9513 JC - 3U8 PG - C1176-C1185 IP - 4 VI - 273 AB - Cl- channels are important for ion transport and cell volume regulation in A6 renal cells. In the present study, we used reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) to identify proteins homologous to ClC Cl- channel proteins in A6 cells. Using degenerate primers designed on consensus sequences for members of the ClC family, we amplified an RT-PCR product that had significant homology to the ClC sequences. RACE-PCR was then used to isolate several full-length clones that had total lengths from 2,764 to 3,016 base pairs. Although the coding regions were identical, sequence differences occurred in the 5' noncoding regions. The amino acid sequences of the clones had high homologies to rat and human ClC-5 (85 and 84%, respectively, if the 5th methionine of the open reading frame represents the start codon). Three parts of the protein (53, 80, and 63 amino acids in length) were 97-100% homologous to the mammalian sequences. Ribonuclease protection assay analysis revealed mRNA for this protein in oocytes, kidney, intestine, liver, brain, and blood, with lower amounts in stomach, muscle, and skin. Expression of the clones in Xenopus laevis oocytes resulted in an outwardly rectifying Cl- current that was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'- disulfonic acid and possessed an anion selectivity of I- > Cl- >> gluconate. AD - Department of Physiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA. SO - Am J Physiol 1997 Oct;273(4):C1176-C1185 UI - 97430934 PM - 9285033 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Teo SH AU - Chan DK AU - Yong MH AU - Ng IS AU - Wong KY AU - Knight L AU - Ho LY TI - Williams syndrome--the Singapore General Hospital experience. MH - Case Report MH - Child MH - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 MH - Female MH - Gene Deletion MH - Human MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MH - Williams Syndrome/GENETICS/*DIAGNOSIS DP - 1997 May TA - Ann Acad Med Singapore IS - 0304-4602 JC - 53F PG - 360-364 IP - 3 VI - 26 AB - Williams syndrome first described in 1961 is generally characterised by mental deficiency, gregarious personality, unusual "elfin" facies, supravalvular aortic stenosis and idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia. Patients with Williams syndrome show a hemizygous submicroscopic deletion of 7q11.23 detectable by fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH). The deleted portion of the chromosome corresponds to the Elastin gene. We report 3 girls with characteristics of Williams syndrome in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of the hemizygous deletion of 7q11.23 in the karyotype by FISH. These patients, aged 6, 7 and 10 years, showed the characteristic facies and gregarious personalities. Some developmental delay with mild mental deficiency and dysmorphic facies were prominent features in the initial presentation. Cardiac lesions found in these patients were small patent ductus arteriosus which closed, pulmonary valvular stenosis and mitral valve prolapse associated with mitral regurgitation respectively. Hypercalcaemia was not documented in these patients. Learning difficulty was a major issue and all patients required special schooling. Chromosome analyses done on peripheral blood were found to be normal in all patients. FISH using the Elastin Williams Syndrome Chromosome Region (WSCR) probes (oncor) showed the hemizygous deletion of 7q11.23. Diagnosis of Williams syndrome can now be confidently confirmed with the help of FISH. AD - Department of Paediatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. SO - Ann Acad Med Singapore 1997 May;26(3):360-364 UI - 97431604 PM - 9287109 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hirayama T AU - Ishida C AU - Kuromori T AU - Obata S AU - Shimoda C AU - Yamamoto M AU - Shinozaki K AU - Ohto C TI - Functional cloning of a cDNA encoding Mei2-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana using a fission yeast pheromone receptor deficient mutant. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Arabidopsis/*GENETICS MH - Base Sequence MH - Blotting, Southern MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chemoreceptors/*METABOLISM MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - DNA, Fungal/*GENETICS MH - Fungal Proteins/*GENETICS MH - *Genes, Fungal MH - Genetic Complementation Test MH - Meiosis MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation MH - Plant Proteins/*GENETICS MH - Receptors, Cell Surface/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - RNA-Binding Proteins/*GENETICS MH - Schizosaccharomyces/GENETICS MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid RN - 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins) RN - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) RN - 0 (Fungal Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA, Fungal) RN - 0 (AML1 protein, plant) RN - 0 (mei2 protein) SI - GENBANK/D86122 DP - 1997 Aug 11 TA - FEBS Lett IS - 0014-5793 JC - EUH PG - 16-20 IP - 1 VI - 413 AB - To isolate Arabidopsis cDNAs that encode signal transducers and components involved in the regulation of meiosis, a trans- complementation analysis was performed using a Schizosaccharomyces pombe meiosis-defective mutant in which the genes for pheromone receptors were disabled. One cDNA obtained in this screening encodes a polypeptide, named AML1, that shows significant similarity to S. pombe Mei2 protein and has three putative RNA-recognition motifs like as Mei2. Mei2 is involved in the regulation of meiosis in fission yeast. Northern blot analysis showed that the AML1 gene is expressed in each organ. The possible functions of AML1 are discussed. AD - Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Ibaraki, Japan. takashih@sas.upenn.edu SO - FEBS Lett 1997 Aug 11;413(1):16-20 UI - 97455558 PM - 9381776 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Weber M AU - Wenz W AU - van Riel A AU - Kaufmann A AU - Graf J TI - The Holt-Oram syndrome. Review of the literature and current orthopedic treatment concepts. MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Chromosome Abnormalities/GENETICS MH - Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/GENETICS MH - Ectromelia/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/GENETICS MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Fingers/TRANSPLANTATION/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/*ABNORMALITIES MH - Genes, Dominant/GENETICS MH - Hand Deformities, Congenital/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/*GENETICS MH - Heart Defects, Congenital/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/*GENETICS MH - Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/GENETICS MH - Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/GENETICS MH - Human MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Syndrome MH - Thumb/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/ABNORMALITIES DP - 1997 Jul TA - Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb IS - 0044-3220 JC - XZ4 PG - 368-375 IP - 4 VI - 135 AB - PROBLEM: The clinical manifestation of the Holt-Oram-syndrome (HOS) shows congenital heart-disease and anomalies of the upper limb. The inheritance of this syndrome is autosomal dominant. The question arise, as to whether a contemporary orthopedic concept of treatment could developed based on own experiences and data from the literature. METHODS: We revised data from five patients with HOS treated at the Clinic for Orthopaedics of the University of Heidelberg. The review of the literature revealed a comprehensive and detailed picture of the clinical syndrome and, furthermore, information in respect to a comparative analysis of methods of treatments. RESULTS: Our patients showed characteristic cardiac anomalies, i.e. atrio and ventricular septal defects, and persisting Botall's duct (three cases). The types of malformation of the upper limb corresponded with those found in the literature. Furthermore the indication for amputation of rudimentary or hypoplastic fingers in the Heidelberg clinic was in accordance with the clinical treatments described worldwide. CONCLUSION: The type of treatment of the clubhand in cases with HOS depends on (1) the age and (2) the pattern and degree of accompanying malformations of the upper limb. For patients with aplasia of the thumb or amputation of a rudimental one we recommend pollicisation of the index finger to improve its function. AD - Orthopadische Universitatsklinik der RWTH Aachen. SO - Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 1997 Jul;135(4):368-375 UI - 97451177 PM - 9306153 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Pires V AU - Harab RC AU - Olej B AU - Rumjanek VM TI - Ouabain effects on activated lymphocytes: augmentation of CD25 expression on TPA-stimulated cells and of CD69 on PHA-and TPA- stimulated cells. MH - Antigens, CD/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Cell Cycle/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Flow Cytometry MH - Human MH - In Vitro MH - Interleukin-2/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Lymphocyte Transformation/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Lymphocytes/METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Ouabain/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Phytohemagglutinins/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Receptors, Interleukin-2/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Thymidine/BLOOD RN - 630-60-4 (Ouabain) RN - 50-89-5 (Thymidine) RN - 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) RN - 0 (Receptors, Interleukin-2) RN - 0 (Phytohemagglutinins) RN - 0 (Leu-23 antigen) RN - 0 (Interleukin-2) RN - 0 (Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD) DP - 1997 Mar TA - Int J Immunopharmacol IS - 0192-0561 JC - GRI PG - 143-148 IP - 3 VI - 19 AB - Ouabain (OUA) was capable of inhibiting peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation induced by phyothaemagglutinin (PHA) of phorbol ester (TPA), as measured by thymidine incorporation or cell cycle analysis. In this latter case it was possible to detect a block in the progression from G1 to S phase. This inhibition could not be reversed by interleukin (IL)-2 and was not due to an effect on CD 25 expression, as this molecule was only reduced in PHA cultures treated with OUA. Conversely, cultures activated by TPA and OUA showed an increased expression of CD25. The activation antigen CD69 was increased in both situation, suggesting that despite the absence of proliferative response the cells were being activated. The possibility that these cells were being deviated to the activation pathway leading to apoptosis is now under investigation. This study also suggested that CD25 induction may occur via different pathways, and that the selective effect of OUA for PHA-activated cells may become a useful tool for the understanding of the process. AD - Pathology Department, Hospital Antonio Pedro, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil. SO - Int J Immunopharmacol 1997 Mar;19(3):143-148 UI - 97479305 PM - 9337957 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kelly CB AU - Cooper SJ TI - Plasma noradrenaline response to electroconvulsive therapy in depressive illness. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Biological Markers/BLOOD MH - Depressive Disorder/THERAPY/*BLOOD MH - *Electroconvulsive Therapy MH - Female MH - Human MH - Hydrocortisone/BLOOD MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Norepinephrine/*BLOOD MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) RN - 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) RN - 0 (Biological Markers) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Br J Psychiatry IS - 0007-1250 JC - B1K PG - 182-186 VI - 171 AB - BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of catecholaminergic function have been hypothesised to cause depressive illness. Plasma noradrenaline can be used as a marker of central noradrenergic activity. It is of interest to examine the change in resting plasma noradrenaline in patients with depressive illness over a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and relate this to their clinical state. METHOD: Patients referred for ECT who suffered from DSM-III-R major depressive disorder or dysthymia were recruited. Blood samples were taken before and after each treatment, during a course of ECT, to measure plasma noradrenaline and cortisol. Clinical ratings were carried out weekly during the course of ECT. RESULTS: Plasma noradrenaline fell significantly in those patients with melancholic/psychotic depressions but increased in those with non- melancholic depressive illness. There was a strong trend indicating that a fall in plasma noradrenaline was associated with improvement in depression ratings in the melancholic/psychotic patients only. CONCLUSIONS: Electroconvlusive therapy decreases plasma noradrenaline in melancholic/psychotic depressive illness and this shows a trend associated with clinical improvement. AD - Department of Mental Health, Queen's University of Belfast. SO - Br J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;171:182-186 UI - 98012091 PM - 9351726 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Barron HV AU - Viskin S AU - Lundstrom RJ AU - Wong CC AU - Swain BE AU - Truman AF AU - Selby JV TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on mortality rate in patients not revascularized after myocardial infarction: data from a large HMO. MH - Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Aged MH - Female MH - Health Maintenance Organizations MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Myocardial Infarction/*MORTALITY/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Odds Ratio MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk MH - San Francisco MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 0 (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Am Heart J IS - 0002-8703 JC - 3BW PG - 608-613 IP - 4 VI - 134 AB - We investigated whether patients who do not undergo coronary angiography and therefore any form of revascularization after a myocardial infarction derive greater benefit from chronic beta-blocker therapy than patients who undergo coronary angiography. With multivariate analyses, treatment with beta-blockers was a much stronger predictor of survival in patients who did not undergo coronary angiography (relative risk = 0.38, p = 0.005) than in those patients who did undergo catheterization (p < 0.05 for interaction). Our findings provide direct support for the recommendation by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force that beta- blocker therapy should be initiated for all infarct survivors who do not undergo revascularization and who have no contraindications. AD - Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA. barron@ep4.ucsf.edu SO - Am Heart J 1997 Oct;134(4):608-613 UI - 97448128 PM - 9302538 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Golding JM AU - Cooper ML AU - George LK TI - Sexual assault history and health perceptions: seven general population studies. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Attitude to Health MH - Child MH - Child Abuse, Sexual/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*PSYCHOLOGY MH - Depression/PSYCHOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Ethnic Groups/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/PSYCHOLOGY MH - Female MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Population Surveillance MH - Rape/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*PSYCHOLOGY MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - United States/EPIDEMIOLOGY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Health Psychol IS - 0278-6133 JC - EJL PG - 417-425 IP - 5 VI - 16 AB - This article uses data from 7 population surveys to evaluate the association of sexual assault history with health perceptions. It estimates the extent of generalizability across gender, ethnic groups, and studies; the extent to which depression accounts for or mediates the association; and whether some circumstances of assault are more strongly related to poor subjective health. Data from each of 18 subsamples of the surveys were analyzed (pooled N = 10,001; 7,550 women and 2,451 men), and results were combined by using meta-analysis. Assault was associated with poor subjective health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 1.95) and this result was consistent regardless of gender, ethnicity, or sample. Controlling depression did not markedly change this result (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.77), indicating that depression did not account for or mediate the assault-health perceptions association. Multiple assaults and assaults by strangers or spouse were most strongly associated with poor subjective health. AD - Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0646, USA. SO - Health Psychol 1997 Sep;16(5):417-425 UI - 97403947 PM - 9259208 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sonobe T AU - Naganuma S AU - Yambe T AU - Kobayashi SI AU - Sizuka K AU - Katahira Y AU - Nitta K AU - Nitta SI TI - Development of intracoronary local adhesive delivery technique. MH - Absorption MH - *Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary MH - Animal MH - Coronary Disease/*THERAPY/ETIOLOGY MH - Cyanoacrylates/METABOLISM/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Drug Delivery Systems/*STANDARDS MH - Feasibility Studies MH - Female MH - Fibrinolytic Agents/METABOLISM/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Goats MH - Male MH - Myocardial Revascularization MH - Stents MH - Tissue Adhesives/*THERAPEUTIC USE/STANDARDS RN - 0 (Tissue Adhesives) RN - 0 (Fibrinolytic Agents) RN - 0 (Cyanoacrylates) DP - 1997 Jun TA - Int J Artif Organs IS - 0391-3988 JC - GQO PG - 319-326 IP - 6 VI - 20 AB - Acute coronary occlusion may occur in weak coronary atherosclerotic lesions, including dissection, ulceration or thrombus. In some cases of occlusion "bail-out" is performed by using recently developed New Devices. However, these have not yet completely solved the problem to this end, we designed a new method of coronary revascularization, the Intracoronary Local Adhesive Delivery Technique, utilizing antithrombotic and absorbable adhesive injected locally into the fragile and morbid arterial wall using a drug delivery PTCA catheter more flexible than the existing New Devices. This adhesive strengthened and hardened the lesions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of making an adhesive cylinder in arteries of similar size to the coronary, through acute animal experiments using the existing clinical adhesives and drug delivery PTCA catheters and 12 femoral arteries of adult goats. We were successful in forming firm tunnels along the inside of six arteries, infused with approximately 0.04 ml Cyanoacrylate. These tunnels were observed with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and evaluated microscopically. These results suggest the feasibility of this method as a new approach for making synthetic resinous stents. AD - Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Tokoku University, Sendai, Japan. SO - Int J Artif Organs 1997 Jun;20(6):319-326 UI - 97467410 PM - 9325340 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nguyen T AU - Sudhof TC TI - Binding properties of neuroligin 1 and neurexin 1beta reveal function as heterophilic cell adhesion molecules. MH - Animal MH - Brain/METABOLISM MH - Calcium/METABOLISM MH - Cations, Divalent/METABOLISM MH - Cell Adhesion MH - Cell Adhesion Molecules/*METABOLISM MH - Drosophila MH - Intercellular Junctions/METABOLISM MH - Membrane Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Nerve Tissue Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Neurons/METABOLISM MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Folding MH - Rats MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transfection RN - 7440-70-2 (Calcium) RN - 156532-80-8 (neurexin Ibeta) RN - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins) RN - 0 (Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules) RN - 0 (Cations, Divalent) RN - 0 (neuroligin 1) DP - 1997 Oct 10 TA - J Biol Chem IS - 0021-9258 JC - HIV PG - 26032-26039 IP - 41 VI - 272 AB - beta-Neurexins and neuroligins are plasma membrane proteins that are displayed on the neuronal cell surface. We have now investigated the interaction of neurexin 1beta with neuroligin 1 to evaluate their potential to function as heterophilic cell adhesion molecules. Using detergent-solubilized neuroligins and secreted neurexin 1beta-IgG fusion protein, we observed binding of these proteins to each other only in the presence of Ca2+ and in no other divalent cation tested. Only neurexin 1beta lacking an insert in splice site 4 bound neuroligins, whereas neurexin 1beta containing an insert was inactive. Half-maximal binding required 1-3 microM free Ca2+, which probably acts by binding to neuroligin 1 but not to neurexin 1beta. To determine if neurexin 1beta and neuroligin 1 can also interact with each other when present in a native membrane environment on the cell surface, we generated transfected cell lines expressing neuroligin 1 and neurexin 1beta. Upon mixing different cell populations, we found that cells aggregate only if cells expressing neurexin 1beta are mixed with cells expressing neuroligin 1. Aggregation was dependent on Ca2+ and was inhibited by the addition of soluble neurexin 1beta lacking an insert in splice site 4 but not by the addition of neurexin 1beta containing an insert in splice site 4. We conclude that neurexin 1beta and neuroligin 1 (and, by extension, other beta-neurexins and neuroligins) function as heterophilic cell adhesion molecules in a Ca2+-dependent reaction that is regulated by alternative splicing of beta-neurexins. AD - Department of Molecular Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA. SO - J Biol Chem 1997 Oct 10;272(41):26032-26039 UI - 98017793 PM - 9378512 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nair P AU - Nair RR TI - Selective use of calcium chelators enhances the yield of calcium- tolerant myocytes from adult heart. MH - Animal MH - *Calcium MH - Chelating Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Heart/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Male MH - Myocardium/CYTOLOGY MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 7440-70-2 (Calcium) RN - 0 (Chelating Agents) DP - 1997 May TA - Indian J Exp Biol IS - 0019-5189 JC - GIZ PG - 451-456 IP - 5 VI - 35 AB - Isolation of viable and functional cells from adult heart remains an intriguing problem for investigators who choose to use the cardiomyocyte model for experimental studies. With a few modifications of the existing procedures we have been able to improve the yield of ventricular myocardial cells from the adult rat heart. Sarcolemmal damage leading to hypercontracture due to Ca2+ loading appears to be the major hindrance to the successful isolation of sufficient number of viable cells. The two crucial steps are found to be the pre-enzymatic perfusion for Ca(2+)-depletion and the final step of Ca(2+)-repletion in extracellular medium for the isolation of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes. Inclusion of EGTA and taurine during the initial perfusion of Ca(2+)- free medium and of trypsin during reintroduction of Ca2+ led to a considerable increase in the yield of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes. The contraction amplitude and speed of shortening and relaxation of isolated cells were measured using an edge detection device. Selective use of calcium ion chelators appears to have a beneficial effect on the isolation of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes. AD - Division of Cellular & Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, India. SO - Indian J Exp Biol 1997 May;35(5):451-456 UI - 97445415 PM - 9300300 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Mitcheson JS AU - Hancox JC AU - Levi AJ TI - Cultured adult rabbit myocytes: effect of adding supplements to the medium, and response to isoprenaline. MH - Adrenergic beta-Agonists/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Calcium Channels/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Culture Media, Serum-Free/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Heart/PHYSIOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Heart Ventricle/DRUG EFFECTS/CYTOLOGY MH - Isoproterenol/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Male MH - Membrane Potentials/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Myocardium/*CYTOLOGY MH - Patch-Clamp Techniques MH - Rabbits MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) RN - 0 (Culture Media, Serum-Free) RN - 0 (Calcium Channels) RN - 0 (Adrenergic beta-Agonists) DP - 1997 Sep TA - J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol IS - 1045-3873 JC - BY4 PG - 1020-1030 IP - 9 VI - 8 AB - INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to investigate: (1) the effect of supplementing the culture medium on preservation of L-type calcium channel current (1Ca,L) in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes cultured for 4 days; and (2) preservation of the ICa,L response in cultured myocytes to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult rabbit myocytes were cultured on laminin-pretreated glass coverslips. The basic, serum-free culture medium was supplemented with 2 mM L-carnitine, 5 mM creatine, and 5 mM taurine. Myocytes were whole cell patch-clamped, and the L-type Ca channel current was recorded selectively as Ba flux (IBa,L) via the channels. IBa,L density (i.e., IBa,L amplitude normalized to membrane capacitance) in myocytes maintained in supplemented medium did not change significantly during culture (P > 0.1). By comparison, IBa,L density in myocytes cultured in nonsupplemented medium declined by 36% after 24 hours in culture (day 1) and then recovered by the fourth day (day 4). There was no significant difference in the response to isoprenaline of acutely isolated myocytes and 4-day cultured myocytes. Isoprenaline 100 nM increased peak IBa,L by 149% +/- 32% (mean +/- SEM) in acutely isolated myocytes (n = 4 cells), and by 224% +/- 60% (n = 6 cells) and 159% +/- 24% (n = 8 cells) in day 1 and 4 cultured myocytes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Supplemented medium improved IBa,L density in cultured myocytes. beta-Adrenergic receptors and intracellular messenger pathways appear to remain intact in adult rabbit myocytes cultured for up to 4 days. AD - Department of Physiology, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom. john.s.mitcheson@bristol.ac.uk SO - J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1997 Sep;8(9):1020-1030 UI - 97471010 PM - 9326653 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Megonigal MD AU - Rappaport EF AU - Jones DH AU - Kim CS AU - Nowell PC AU - Lange BJ AU - Felix CA TI - Panhandle PCR strategy to amplify MLL genomic breakpoints in treatment- related leukemias. MH - Adult MH - Base Sequence MH - Bone Marrow/PATHOLOGY MH - Child MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 MH - *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 MH - DNA Primers MH - DNA-Binding Proteins/*GENETICS MH - Female MH - Gene Fusion MH - Gene Rearrangement MH - Human MH - Introns MH - Leukemia/PATHOLOGY/*GENETICS/ETIOLOGY MH - Male MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Neoplasms/*THERAPY MH - Neoplasms, Second Primary/PATHOLOGY/*GENETICS/*ETIOLOGY MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*METHODS MH - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - *Translocation (Genetics) MH - Zinc Fingers RN - 149025-06-9 (HRX protein) RN - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA Primers) SI - GENBANK/AF024543 SI - GENBANK/AF024542 SI - GENBANK/AF024541 SI - GENBANK/AF024540 DP - 1997 Oct 14 TA - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A IS - 0027-8424 JC - PV3 PG - 11583-11588 IP - 21 VI - 94 AB - Panhandle PCR amplifies genomic DNA with known 5' and unknown 3' sequences from a template with an intrastrand loop schematically shaped like a pan with a handle. We used panhandle PCR to clone MLL genomic breakpoints in two pediatric treatment-related leukemias. The karyotype in a case of treatment-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed the t(4;11)(q21;q23). Panhandle PCR amplified the translocation breakpoint at position 2158 in intron 6 in the 5' MLL breakpoint cluster region (bcr). The karyotype in a case of treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia was normal, but Southern blot analysis showed a single MLL gene rearrangement. Panhandle PCR amplified the breakpoint at position 1493 in MLL intron 6. Screening of somatic cell hybrid and radiation hybrid DNAs by PCR and reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of the leukemic cells indicated that panhandle PCR identified a fusion of MLL intron 6 with a previously uncharacterized sequence in MLL intron 1, consistent with a partial duplication. In both cases, the breakpoints in the MLL bcr were in Alu repeats, and there were Alu repeats in proximity to the breakpoints in the partner DNAs, suggesting that Alu sequences were relevant to these rearrangements. This study shows that panhandle PCR is an effective method for cloning MLL genomic breakpoints in treatment-related leukemias. Analysis of additional pediatric cases will determine whether breakpoint distribution deviates from the predilection for 3' distribution in the bcr that has been found in adult cases. AD - Division of Oncology, Jr. Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA. SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 Oct 14;94(21):11583-11588 UI - 97464050 PM - 9322741 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Valle EM AU - Gonzalez DH AU - Gago G AU - Chan RL TI - Isolation and expression pattern of hahr1, a homeobox-containing cDNA from Helianthus annuus. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - DNA, Complementary MH - *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Helianthus/*GENETICS/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT MH - Homeodomain Proteins/*METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Plant Proteins/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Plant Roots/GENETICS/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT MH - Plant Stems/GENETICS MH - RNA, Messenger MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) RN - 0 (HAHR1 protein) RN - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins) RN - 0 (GLABRA2 protein) RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) DP - 1997 Sep 1 TA - Gene IS - 0378-1119 JC - FOP PG - 61-68 IP - 1-2 VI - 196 AB - A 2.5 kb homeobox (HB)-containing cDNA (hahr1) was isolated from a library prepared from rootlets of Helianthus annuus using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The putative protein product (77 kDa) contains the homeodomain (HD) and an acidic domain at the N- terminal region (residues 72-155). The deduced amino acid sequence of hahr1 shares a 53% sequence identity with GLABRA2, a HD protein associated with epidermal cell differentiation. Hahr1 expression was primarily found in dry seeds, hypocotyls and roots at stages associated with early developmental events. Expression was completely lacking in leaves and flowers. Evidence for the existence of one related gene expressed in sunflower stems was obtained by the presence of restriction fragment length polymorphism of amplified cDNA products. AD - Programa Multidisciplinario de Biologia Experimental (PROMUBIE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina. SO - Gene 1997 Sep 1;196(1-2):61-68 UI - 98025575 PM - 9376223 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Mullaney I AU - Carr IC AU - Burt AR AU - Wilson M AU - Anderson NG AU - Milligan G TI - Agonist-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of isoforms of the shc adapter protein by the delta opioid receptor. MH - p42(Mapk) Kinase/METABOLISM MH - Animal MH - Clone Cells/ENZYMOLOGY/CHEMISTRY MH - Comparative Study MH - Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone/PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM MH - Fibroblasts/ENZYMOLOGY/CYTOLOGY/CHEMISTRY MH - Gene Expression/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Isomerism MH - Mice MH - Pertussis Toxins/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Phosphorylation MH - Proteins/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Rats MH - Receptors, Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone/GENETICS/AGONISTS MH - Receptors, Opioid, delta/GENETICS/*AGONISTS MH - Signal Transduction/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Time Factors MH - Transfection MH - Tyrosine/*METABOLISM RN - 70323-44-3 (Pertussis Toxins) RN - 63631-40-3 (Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine) RN - 62229-50-9 (Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone) RN - 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine) RN - 0 (52-kDa Shc protein) RN - 0 (Receptors, Opioid, delta) RN - 0 (Receptors, Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone) RN - 0 (Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.10.- (p42(Mapk) Kinase) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Cell Signal IS - 0898-6568 JC - AVB PG - 423-429 IP - 6 VI - 9 AB - Maximally effective concentrations of the opioid agonist D-ala2-D-leu5- enkephalin resulted in some 2-3-fold enhancement of tyrosine phosphorylation of the p52 Shc adapter protein in a clone of Rat-1 fibroblasts transfected to express stably the murine delta opioid receptor. More limited modifications of the tyrosine phosphorylation status of the p46 and p66 forms of Shc were observed in parallel. Epidermal growth factor caused some 10-12-fold enhancement of tyrosine phosphorylation of p52 Shc and marked increases in the p46 and p66 forms. The effect of D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin was prevented by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin and was not observed in non-transfected parental fibroblasts whereas the effect of epidermal growth factor was still manifest in both these situations. Half-maximal effects of D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin on p52 Shc tyrosine phosphorylation were produced with sub-nanomolar concentrations, in agreement with previous results on the tyrosine phosphorylation of p44MAPK (Burt et al., 1996). p52 Shc became tyrosine phosphorylated more rapidly than p44MAPK in response to D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin and its enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation was maintained for at least 10 min. AD - Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. SO - Cell Signal 1997 Sep;9(6):423-429 UI - 98012894 PM - 9352845 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Quirk DM AU - Barry MJ AU - Aserkoff B AU - Podolsky DK TI - Physician specialty and variations in the cost of treating patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. MH - Acute Disease MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Female MH - *Gastroenterology MH - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*THERAPY MH - *Health Care Costs MH - Human MH - Length of Stay MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Regression Analysis MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Sex Factors MH - *Specialties, Medical MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DP - 1997 Nov TA - Gastroenterology IS - 0016-5085 JC - FH3 PG - 1443-1448 IP - 5 VI - 113 AB - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding is a frequent cause of hospitalization. The goal of this study was to assess whether the cost of treating patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding varies among surgeons, internists, and gastroenterologists. METHODS: A retrospective study of 124 patients admitted with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was performed. Patients were stratified into three groups based on a validated risk score; length of stay and hospital costs were compared among patients primarily cared for by internists, surgeons, and gastroenterologists. RESULTS: The median length of stay (2 days) for patients admitted to the gastroenterology service was significantly shorter than for patients admitted under the care of other physicians (P < 0.05). The median hospitalization cost ($2856) for patients admitted to the gastroenterology service was significantly lower than for patients admitted to the other services (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the time to endoscopy among services. CONCLUSIONS: Patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital directly under the care of a gastroenterologist had shorter hospital stays that were significantly less costly than patients under the primary care of internists or surgeons. The difference in length of stay reflects the time interval between endoscopy and discharge. AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA. SO - Gastroenterology 1997 Nov;113(5):1443-1448 UI - 97460020 PM - 9312208 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Romero JR AU - Fabry ME AU - Suzuka S AU - Nagel RL AU - Canessa M TI - Red blood cells of a transgenic mouse expressing high levels of human hemoglobin S exhibit deoxy-stimulated cation flux. MH - Adult MH - Anemia, Sickle Cell/*BLOOD MH - Animal MH - Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase/BLOOD MH - Calcimycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Charybdotoxin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Erythrocytes/*METABOLISM MH - Hemoglobin, Sickle/*METABOLISM MH - Human MH - Ionophores/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Potassium/*BLOOD MH - Potassium Channels/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Sodium/*BLOOD MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 7440-23-5 (Sodium) RN - 7440-09-7 (Potassium) RN - 52665-69-7 (Calcimycin) RN - 115422-61-2 (Charybdotoxin) RN - 0 (Potassium Channels) RN - 0 (Ionophores) RN - 0 (Hemoglobin, Sickle) RN - EC 3.6.1.38 (Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase) DP - 1997 Oct 1 TA - J Membr Biol IS - 0022-2631 JC - J4E PG - 187-196 IP - 3 VI - 159 AB - Deoxy-stimulated cation fluxes have been implicated in the generation of the dense and irreversibly sickled red blood cells (RBCs) in patients homozygous for hemoglobin S (SS). We now report on the effect of short term deoxygenation on K+ and Na+ transport in RBCs from control mice (C57Bl/6J) and a transgenic (alphaHbetaS[betaMDD]) mouse line that expresses high levels of human alphaH and betaS-chains and has a small percent dense cells but does not exhibit anemia. In transgenic mouse RBCs (n = 5) under oxygenated conditions, K+ efflux was 0.22 +/- 0.01 mmol/L cell x min and Na+ influx was 0.17 +/- 0.02 mmol/L cell x min. Both fluxes were stimulated by 10 min deoxygenation in transgenic but not in control mice. The deoxy-stimulated K+ efflux from transgenic mouse RBCs was about 55% inhibited by 5 nm charybdotoxin (CTX), a blocker of the calcium activated K+-channel. To compare the fluxes between human and mouse RBCs, we measured the area of mouse RBCs and normalized values to area per liter of cells. The deoxy-simulated CTX-sensitive K+ efflux was larger than the CTX- sensitive K+ efflux observed in RBCs from SS patients. These results suggest that in transgenic mice, deoxygenation increases cytosolic Ca2+ to levels which open Ca2+-activated K+ channels. The presence of these channels was confirmed in both control and transgenic mice by clamping intracellular Ca2+ at 10 microM with the ionophore A23187 and measuring Ca2+-activated K+ efflux. Both types of mouse had similar maximal rates of CTX-sensitive, Ca2+-activated K+ efflux that were similar to those in human SS cells. The capacity of the mouse red cell membrane to regulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels was examined by measurements of the maximal rate of calmodulin activated Ca2+-ATPase activity. This activity was 3-fold greater than that observed in human RBCs thus indicating that mouse RBC membranes have more capacity to regulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels.In summary, transgenic mouse RBCs exhibit larger values of deoxy-stimulated K+ efflux and Na+ influx when compared to human SS cells. They have a similar Ca2+-activated K+ channel activity to human SS cells while expressing a very high Ca2+ pump activity. These properties may contribute to the smaller percent of very dense cells and to the lack of adult anemia in this animal model. AD - Endocrine-Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. SO - J Membr Biol 1997 Oct 1;159(3):187-196 UI - 97443298 PM - 9298159 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nicole S AU - Del Miglio C TI - Abstraction skillfulness in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Analysis of Variance MH - *Cognition MH - Female MH - Human MH - Intelligence Tests MH - Male MH - Twins, Dizygotic/*PSYCHOLOGY MH - Twins, Monozygotic/*PSYCHOLOGY DP - 1997 TA - Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) IS - 0001-5660 JC - 0P6 PG - 57-67 IP - 1 VI - 46 AB - The computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was administered to a sample of 96 subjects (Ss), constituted in equal parts by monozygotic twins (MZ), dizygotic twins (DZ), unique children and couples of "almost contemporary" brothers. The statistic tests (Analysis of principal components, ANOVA) underline, as far as the rapidity to define a category is concerned, a statistically significant difference between DZ and singletons, independently from the fact that the latter may be unique children. A significant difference emerged neither between MZ and singletons, nor between MZ and DZ. AD - Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universita di Roma La Sapienza. SO - Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 1997 ;46(1):57-67 UI - 97479437 PM - 9338089 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ardevol A AU - Adan C AU - Fernandez-Lopez JA AU - Perez J AU - Corts JL AU - Binagui D AU - Remesar X AU - Alemany M TI - Treadmill chamber for studies of respiratory gas exchange in the rat during exercise. MH - Animal MH - Carbon Dioxide/ANALYSIS MH - Exercise Test/METHODS/*INSTRUMENTATION MH - Oxygen/ANALYSIS MH - Oxygen Consumption MH - Pressure MH - *Pulmonary Gas Exchange MH - Rats MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Temperature MH - Water/ANALYSIS RN - 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) RN - 7732-18-5 (Water) RN - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide) DP - 1995 May TA - Arch Physiol Biochem IS - 1381-3455 JC - CAX PG - 175-186 IP - 2 VI - 103 AB - A treadmill for studying gas exchange in small mammals during exercise is presented. The system consists of a motor-driven running mat enclosed in a gastight chamber that receives a measured flow of air from a compressed air cylinder. The gas flow and temperature, pressure and instantaneous gas composition of the chamber (oxygen, carbon dioxide and water) are measured continuously and the data are computed to include the effects on chamber atmosphere of the rat activity, either running or at rest. The system is completed with a shock delivery grid that stimulates the rat to run. The calculations are based on the changes in the composition of the gas in the chamber (constantly stirred by a small electric fan) induced by the rat instead of relying on the alterations induced in the outflowing gas. The consumption of oxygen, and production of carbon dioxide and water by the rat are computed in real time, giving a very fast response to physiological change induced by exercise. The chamber is custom-made from an aluminium block and a plexiglass lid; all other components are available commercially. The system, as described, allows for a detailed analysis of respiratory gas (and water) exchange by rats under varying exercise conditions, there is practically no time lag between changes in respiratory gases and the detection of these changes, and the buffering effect of the chamber size is practically eliminated because of the calculation approach used. AD - Departament de Bioquimica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. SO - Arch Physiol Biochem 1995 May;103(2):175-186 UI - 97475418 PM - 9334930 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Bowen MD AU - Gelbmann W AU - Ksiazek TG AU - Nichol ST AU - Nowotny N TI - Puumala virus and two genetic variants of Tula virus are present in Austrian rodents. MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Viral/BLOOD MH - Antigens, Viral/ANALYSIS MH - Austria MH - Disease Reservoirs MH - Hantavirus/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Lung/VIROLOGY MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Muridae/*VIROLOGY MH - *Phylogeny MH - RNA, Viral/ANALYSIS MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SI - GENBANK/U95303 SI - GENBANK/U95302 SI - GENBANK/U95312 SI - GENBANK/U95304 SI - GENBANK/U95313 SI - GENBANK/U95312 SI - GENBANK/U95311 SI - GENBANK/U95310 SI - GENBANK/U95305 SI - GENBANK/U95307 SI - GENBANK/U95306 SI - GENBANK/U95308 DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Med Virol IS - 0146-6615 JC - I9N PG - 174-181 IP - 2 VI - 53 AB - Puumala and Tula viruses are hantaviruses found in Europe and are associated with the rodents Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus arvalis, respectively. Puumala virus is associated with the human disease nephropathia epidemica. In Austria, ten clinically diagnosed cases of nephropathia epidemica, presumably caused by Puumala virus infection, have been reported but not virologically confirmed [Leschinskaya et al., 1991; Aberle et al., 1996]. To identify the hantaviruses that are present in Austria, five species of rodents were trapped and screened for virus antibodies, antigen, and RNA. Hantaviruses were detected in two species, Cl. glareolus and M. arvalis, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR products from Cl. glareolus tissues yielded a unique Puumala virus sequence distinct from Puumala virus sequences reported from other parts of Europe. RT-PCR products from M. arvalis tissues yielded two genetically distinct Tula virus sequences, one similar to sequences reported from Slovakia and the Czech Republic and another that appears to be a novel genetic variant of Tula virus. This is the first confirmed report of hantaviruses in Austria. AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. MKB6@CDC.GOV SO - J Med Virol 1997 Oct;53(2):174-181 UI - 98000279 PM - 9342232 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Penrose JF AU - Baldasaro MH AU - Webster M AU - Xu K AU - Austen KF AU - Lam BK TI - Molecular cloning of the gene for mouse leukotriene-C4 synthase. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Exons/GENETICS MH - Glutathione Transferase/*GENETICS/*CHEMISTRY MH - Human MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MH - Introns/GENETICS MH - Mice MH - Microsomes/ENZYMOLOGY MH - Models, Molecular MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transcription, Genetic RN - EC 2.5.1.37 (leukotriene-C4 synthase) RN - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase) DP - 1997 Sep 15 TA - Eur J Biochem IS - 0014-2956 JC - EMZ PG - 807-813 IP - 3 VI - 248 AB - Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase (LTC4S), an integral membrane protein, catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 with reduced glutathione to form LTC4, the biosynthetic parent of the additional cysteinyl leukotriene metabolites. An XmnI-digested fragment of a P1 clone from a 129 mouse ES library contained the full-length gene of 2.01 kb for mouse LTC4S. The mouse LTC4S gene is comprised of 5 exons of 122, 100, 71, 82 and 241 nucleotides, with intron sizes that range from 76 nucleotides to 937 nucleotides. The intron/exon boundaries are identical to those of the human genes for LTC4S and 5-lipoxygenase- activating protein (FLAP). Primer extension demonstrated a single transcription-initiation site 64 bp 5' of the ATG translation-start site. Nucleotide sequencing of 1.2 kb of the 5' flanking region revealed multiple putative sites for activating protein-2, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, and polyoma virus enhancer-3. Fluorescent in situ hybridization mapped the mouse LTC4S gene to mouse chromosome 11, in a region containing the genes for interleukin 13 and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, and orthologous to the chromosomal location of 5q35 for the human LTC4S gene. Thus, the mouse LTC4S gene is similar in size, intron/exon organization and chromosomal localization to the human LTC4S gene. Recent mutagenic analysis of the conjugation function of human LTC4S has identified R51 and Y93 as critical for acid and base catalysis of LTA4 and reduced glutathione, respectively. A comparison across species for proteins that possess LTC4S activity reveals conservation of both of these residues, whereas R51 is absent in the FLAP molecules. Thus, within the glutathione S-transferase superfamily of genes, alignment of specific residues allows the separation of LTC4S family members from their most structurally similar counterparts, the FLAP molecules. AD - Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jpenrose@warren.med.harvard.edu SO - Eur J Biochem 1997 Sep 15;248(3):807-813 UI - 98018886 PM - 9357854 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Janssen YM AU - Matalon S AU - Mossman BT TI - Differential induction of c-fos, c-jun, and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells exposed to ROS or RNS. MH - Animal MH - Apoptosis/PHYSIOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Cell Line MH - Epithelial Cells/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Genes, fos/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Genes, jun/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Hydrogen Peroxide/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Lung MH - Molsidomine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Nitrates/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Nitric Oxide/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Penicillamine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Rats MH - Reactive Oxygen Species MH - RNA, Messenger/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Spermine/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transcription, Genetic/DRUG EFFECTS RN - 79032-48-7 (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) RN - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) RN - 71-44-3 (Spermine) RN - 52-67-5 (Penicillamine) RN - 33876-97-0 (CV 664) RN - 26404-66-0 (peroxynitric acid) RN - 25717-80-0 (Molsidomine) RN - 10102-43-9 (Nitric Oxide) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos) RN - 0 (Nitrates) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Am J Physiol IS - 0002-9513 JC - 3U8 PG - L789-L796 IP - 4 VI - 273 AB - Reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species can affect epithelial cells to cause acute damage and an array of pulmonary diseases. The goal of this study was to determine patterns of early response gene expression and functional end points of exposure to nitric oxide (NO.), H2O2, or peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in a line of rat lung epithelial (RLE) cells. Our focus was on c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes, as these genes play an important role in proliferation or apoptosis, possible end points of exposure to reactive metabolites in lung. Our data demonstrate that NO. generated by spermine 1,3-propanediamine N-14-[1- (3-aminopropyl)-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazino]-butyl] or S-nitroso-N- acetylpenicillamine as well as H2O2 cause increased c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels, nuclear proteins, and complexes binding the activator protein-1 recognition sequence in RLE cells. These agents also lead to apoptosis and increased membrane permeability. In contrast, exogenously administered ONOO- or 3-morpholinosydnonimine do not induce protooncogenes or apoptosis in RLE cells despite nitration oftyrosines. We conclude that ROS and RNS can elicit distinct molecular and phenotypic responses in a target cell of pulmonary disease. AD - Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA. SO - Am J Physiol 1997 Oct;273(4):L789-L796 UI - 97461127 PM - 9315494 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Meinhardt W AU - Schmitz PI AU - Kropman RF AU - de la Fuente RB AU - Lycklama a Nijeholt AA AU - Zwartendijk J TI - Trazodone, a double blind trial for treatment of erectile dysfunction. MH - Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Human MH - Impotence/PSYCHOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Male MH - Placebos MH - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Trazodone/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 19794-93-5 (Trazodone) RN - 0 (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Placebos) RN - 0 (Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Int J Impot Res IS - 0955-9930 JC - BUX PG - 163-165 IP - 3 VI - 9 AB - OBJECTIVE: to assess the effectiveness of oral trazodone 150 mg/d for treatment of erectile dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A double- blind, placebo controlled, multicentre trial. A run-in period of two weeks was followed by four weeks of medication. Evaluation was done by patients diary, a questionnaire and Rigiscan nightly penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) measurements in the second and sixth week of the trial. RESULTS: 69 patients were randomised, two patients never returned for follow-up, nine patients stopped the medication due to side-effects, so 58 patients are evaluable for effect assessment. Half of the patients suffered psychogenic impotence. There was no significant difference in the subjective results of trazodone compared to placebo. Side effects occurred more often with the use of trazodone, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In a group of patients, that was not selected on the basis of the etiology of the erectile dysfunction, nor selected on the duration of the complaint, the efficacy of trazodone 150 mg/d, could not be shown. AD - Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. SO - Int J Impot Res 1997 Sep;9(3):163-165 UI - 97463445 PM - 9322229 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Scourfield J AU - McGuffin P TI - Imprinted X-linked genes, 'feminine intuition' and the public (mis)understanding of science. MH - Human MH - Intuition/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Linkage (Genetics)/*GENETICS MH - Science MH - *Social Behavior MH - X Chromosome/*GENETICS DP - 1997 Sep TA - Mol Psychiatry IS - 1359-4184 JC - CUM PG - 385-386 IP - 5 VI - 2 AB - The report of an imprinted locus on the X chromosome influencing social behaviour was taken up with fervour by the media and reported in a way which neglected the reality of multifactorial complexity and the interplay between genetic and environmental contributors to gender differences. We summarize the background scientific details of the study and discuss the media reporting of those findings. AD - Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK. ScourfieldJ@cardiff.ac.uk SO - Mol Psychiatry 1997 Sep;2(5):385-386 UI - 97383171 PM - 9237795 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Bockova J AU - Elias D AU - Cohen IR TI - Treatment of NOD diabetes with a novel peptide of the hsp60 molecule induces Th2-type antibodies. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Antibody Specificity MH - Autoimmunity MH - Chaperonin 60/*THERAPEUTIC USE/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent/*THERAPY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Female MH - IgG/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Lymphocyte Transformation MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred NOD MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Peptide Fragments/*THERAPEUTIC USE/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Peptide Mapping MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - T-Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Th2 Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (IgG) RN - 0 (Chaperonin 60) DP - 1997 Aug TA - J Autoimmun IS - 0896-8411 JC - ADL PG - 323-329 IP - 4 VI - 10 AB - A peptide from the sequence of hsp60 molecule, designated p277, has been shown to be functionally involved in modulating the development of auto-immune diabetes in the NOD mouse: administration of p277 to NOD mice can arrest the diabetogenic autoimmune process, even when far advanced. Is p277 the only hsp60 peptide able to modulate the disease? We mapped T cell responses to peptides spanning the mouse hsp60 molecule and identified an immunogenic peptide, designated p12, that is also functional in arresting NOD diabetes. Although no spontaneous T cell reactivity to p12 could be detected in NOD mice, subcutaneous administration of 100 &mgr;g of p12 in mineral oil to 10-week-old female NOD mice, similar to treatment with p277, significantly prevented progression of the disease. Administration of other immunogenic peptides was not effective. A peptide from the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) sequence, GADp35, and a peptide from the myco-bacterial hsp60 molecule did not influence the development of diabetes. The effectiveness of hsp60 peptides p12 and p277 was associated with the induction of antibodies to the peptides of the IgG1 and IgG2b isotypes, antibodies which appear to be regulated by anti- inflammatory cytokines. There was a negative correlation between the amounts of antibodies induced by the hsp60 peptides and the level of blood glucose. Thus, more than one peptide of the hsp60 molecule can be used to inhibit the development of NOD diabetes, and the effect of peptide therapy appears to be associated with the induction of specific antibody isotypes. AD - Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel. SO - J Autoimmun 1997 Aug;10(4):323-329 UI - 98014418 PM - 9354327 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Rao A AU - Craig AM TI - Activity regulates the synaptic localization of the NMDA receptor in hippocampal neurons. MH - Animal MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Embryo MH - Hippocampus/*PHYSIOLOGY/CYTOLOGY MH - Nerve Tissue Proteins/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Neurons/*PHYSIOLOGY/CYTOLOGY MH - Rats MH - Receptors, AMPA/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*BIOSYNTHESIS/ANALYSIS/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Synapses/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Synaptophysin/BIOSYNTHESIS/ANALYSIS MH - Tetrodotoxin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Up-Regulation (Physiology)/DRUG EFFECTS MH - 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/PHARMACOLOGY RN - 76726-92-6 (2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate) RN - 4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin) RN - 0 (Synaptophysin) RN - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) RN - 0 (Receptors, AMPA) RN - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins) RN - 0 (GluR1 protein) RN - 0 (postsynaptic density protein) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Neuron IS - 0896-6273 JC - AN8 PG - 801-812 IP - 4 VI - 19 AB - We describe here a novel effect of activity on the subcellular distribution of NMDA receptors in hippocampal neurons in culture. In spontaneously active neurons, NMDA receptors were clustered at a few synaptic and nonsynaptic sites. Chronic blockade of NMDA receptor activity induced a 380% increase in the number of NMDA receptor clusters and a shift to a more synaptic distribution. This effect was reversible. The distributions of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin, the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit GluR1, and the putative NMDA receptor clustering protein PSD-95 were not affected by blockade. Regulation of the synaptic localization of NMDA receptors by activity may define a novel mechanism by which input controls a neuron's ability to modify its synapses. AD - Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA. SO - Neuron 1997 Oct;19(4):801-812 UI - 97442606 PM - 9297573 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Fitzsimons C AU - Molinari B AU - Duran H AU - Palmieri M AU - Davio C AU - Cricco G AU - Bergoc R AU - Rivera E TI - Atypical association of H1 and H2 histamine receptors with signal transduction pathways during multistage mouse skin carcinogenesis. MH - Animal MH - Cell Count MH - Cimetidine/METABOLISM/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Cyclic AMP/METABOLISM MH - Female MH - Histamine H1 Antagonists/METABOLISM MH - Histamine H2 Antagonists/METABOLISM MH - Hydrolysis MH - Mast Cells/PATHOLOGY MH - Mice MH - Phosphatidylinositols/METABOLISM MH - Pyrilamine/METABOLISM MH - Receptors, Histamine H1/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Receptors, Histamine H2/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Second Messenger Systems MH - Signal Transduction/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Skin Neoplasms/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate MH - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene RN - 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) RN - 69014-14-8 (tiotidine) RN - 60-92-4 (Cyclic AMP) RN - 57-97-6 (9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene) RN - 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine) RN - 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) RN - 0 (Receptors, Histamine H2) RN - 0 (Receptors, Histamine H1) RN - 0 (Phosphatidylinositols) RN - 0 (Histamine H2 Antagonists) RN - 0 (Histamine H1 Antagonists) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Inflamm Res IS - 1023-3830 JC - B8U PG - 292-298 IP - 8 VI - 46 AB - OBJECTIVE: In the present work we studied the association of histamine receptors with second messengers during multistage carcinogenesis in Sencar mice skin. METHODS: 96 Sencar female mouse, divided into six groups were used. Tumors appeared only in the 7, 12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate-promoted group. Control groups received only TPA, or acetone or no treatment at all. Periodically during the promotion period, cAMP and inositol phosphate production were measured after stimulation with H1 or H2 agonists in samples from all groups. RESULTS: In non-treated skin, H1 receptors were coupled to phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and H2 receptors mediated cAMP production. Conversely, in tumors H2 receptors were associated with phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and H1 mediated a rise in cAMP levels. The skin among tumors and the skin from all control groups maintained the same coupling as non-treated skin. An increase in mast cell number, with a homogeneous subepithelial distribution and marked phenotypic changes, was also observed in promoted skin. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate an atypical association of histamine receptors with second messengers that could be a critical feature for the postulated action of histamine in tumor growth. AD - Laboratorio de Radiosotopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. SO - Inflamm Res 1997 Aug;46(8):292-298 UI - 97474213 PM - 9335237 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Magro CM AU - Crowson AN AU - Harrist TJ TI - Atypical lymphoid infiltrates arising in cutaneous lesions of connective tissue disease. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - B-Lymphocytes/PATHOLOGY MH - Case Report MH - Connective Tissue Diseases/*PATHOLOGY MH - Dermatomyositis/PATHOLOGY MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Human MH - Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/PATHOLOGY MH - Lung Diseases, Interstitial/PATHOLOGY MH - Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/PATHOLOGY MH - Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/PATHOLOGY MH - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/PATHOLOGY MH - Lymphocytes/*PATHOLOGY MH - Lymphoma/PATHOLOGY MH - Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/PATHOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Phenotype MH - Polychondritis, Relapsing/PATHOLOGY MH - Pseudolymphoma/PATHOLOGY MH - Sialadenitis/PATHOLOGY MH - Skin Diseases/*PATHOLOGY MH - Skin Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY MH - T-Lymphocytes/PATHOLOGY MH - Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/PATHOLOGY DP - 1997 Oct TA - Am J Dermatopathol IS - 0193-1091 JC - 35V PG - 446-455 IP - 5 VI - 19 AB - Atypical lymphoid infiltrates occurring in the setting of connective- tissue disease (CTD) comprise malignant neoplasms of B-cell or T-cell phenotypes and various reactive lymphoid hyperplasias, such as myoepithelial sialadenitis, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. We describe 17 patients with atypical lymphoid infiltrates arising in cutaneous lesions of CTD, the spectrum of which included lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, relapsing polychondritis, and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. There were two principal categories, pseudolymphoma and malignant lymphoma, the former representing 15 of the 17 cases. The clinical and histologic features and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. AD - Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Pathology Services, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. SO - Am J Dermatopathol 1997 Oct;19(5):446-455 UI - 97472944 PM - 9321417 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Moriyama EN AU - Powell JR TI - Synonymous substitution rates in Drosophila: mitochondrial versus nuclear genes. MH - Animal MH - Cell Nucleus/GENETICS MH - Comparative Study MH - Drosophila/*GENETICS MH - Drosophila melanogaster/GENETICS MH - DNA, Mitochondrial/GENETICS MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - *Genes, Insect MH - Models, Genetic MH - Mutation MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Time Factors RN - 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial) DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Mol Evol IS - 0022-2844 JC - J76 PG - 378-391 IP - 4 VI - 45 AB - Synonymous substitution rates in mitochondrial and nuclear genes of Drosophila were compared. To make accurate comparisons, we considered the following: (1) relative synonymous rates, which do not require divergence time estimates, should be used; (2) methods estimating divergence should take into account base composition; (3) only very closely related species should be used to avoid effects of saturation; (4) the heterogeneity of rates should be examined. We modified the methods estimating synonymous substitution numbers to account for base composition bias. By using these methods, we found that mitochondrial genes have 1.7-3.4 times higher synonymous substitution rates than the fastest nuclear genes or 4.5-9.0 times higher rates than the average nuclear genes. The average rate of synonymous transversions was 2.7 (estimated from the melanogaster species subgroup) or 2.9 (estimated from the obscura group) times higher in mitochondrial genes than in nuclear genes. Synonymous transversions in mitochondrial genes occurred at an approximately equivalent rate to those in the fastest nuclear genes. This last result is not consistent with the hypothesis that the difference in turnover rates between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is the major factor determining higher synonymous substitution rates in mtDNA. We conclude that the difference in synonymous substitution rates is due to a combination of two factors: a higher transitional mutation rate in mtDNA and constraints on nuclear genes due to selection for codon usage. AD - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA. SO - J Mol Evol 1997 Oct;45(4):378-391 UI - 98020719 PM - 9378240 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Noguchi K AU - Takahashi K AU - Araki H AU - Higuchi S TI - Vasodilation profile of CD-832, a novel dihydropyridine derivative in rabbit aorta. MH - Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Aorta, Thoracic/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Calcium Channel Blockers/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - In Vitro MH - Male MH - Muscle Contraction/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Muscle Relaxation/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Niacinamide/PHARMACOLOGY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Nifedipine/PHARMACOLOGY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Nitrendipine/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Nitroglycerin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Norepinephrine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Potassium Chloride/PHARMACOLOGY/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Rabbits MH - Vasodilation/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Vasodilator Agents/PHARMACOLOGY RN - 98-92-0 (Niacinamide) RN - 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) RN - 65141-46-0 (nicorandil) RN - 55-63-0 (Nitroglycerin) RN - 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) RN - 39562-70-4 (Nitrendipine) RN - 21829-25-4 (Nifedipine) RN - 0 (Vasodilator Agents) RN - 0 (CD 832) RN - 0 (Calcium Channel Blockers) RN - 0 (Adrenergic alpha-Agonists) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Gen Pharmacol IS - 0306-3623 JC - FLK PG - 361-366 IP - 3 VI - 29 AB - 1. CD-832, nifedipine and nitrendipine, but not nitroglycerin and nicorandil, inhibited the KCl-induced contraction of rabbit aortas. 2. CD-832, nitroglycerin and nicorandil, but not nifedipine and nitrendipine, inhibited the norepinephrine-induced contraction of aortas. The inhibitory effects of these agents were either potentiated or inhibited by zaprinast or methylene blue, respectively. 3. On the KCl-induced contraction, the duration of CD-832-induced vasodilation was longer than that of nifedipine. Concerning the norepinephrine- induced contraction, the duration of CD-832-induced vasodilation was longer than that of nicorandil. 4. These results suggest that the mechanism of CD-832-induced vasodilation concerns both Ca(2+)- antagonistic action and a nitratelike action. Furthermore, the vasodilation is long lasting. AD - Pharmacology Laboratory, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan. SO - Gen Pharmacol 1997 Sep;29(3):361-366 UI - 98016109 PM - 9356032 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nyholm B AU - Qu Z AU - Kaal A AU - Pedersen SB AU - Gravholt CH AU - Andersen JL AU - Saltin B AU - Schmitz O TI - Evidence of an increased number of type IIb muscle fibers in insulin- resistant first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM. MH - Adult MH - Capillaries/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent/*GENETICS MH - Female MH - Human MH - Insulin Resistance/*PHYSIOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/*CYTOLOGY MH - Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/*CYTOLOGY MH - Muscle, Skeletal/CYTOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Nuclear Family MH - Reference Values MH - Regression Analysis MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DP - 1997 Nov TA - Diabetes IS - 0012-1797 JC - E8X PG - 1822-1828 IP - 11 VI - 46 AB - Insulin resistance is a common feature in first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients. To explore the mechanism(s) behind this condition in more detail, a percutaneous muscle biopsy (vastus lateralis) was performed in 25 first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients and 21 control subjects to examine muscle fiber composition and capillary density. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Rd) was determined employing a hyperinsulinemic-(insulin infusion rate 0.6 mU x kg[-1] x min[-1]) euglycemic clamp. Rd (5.76 +/- 0.35 vs. 8.06 +/- 0.36 mg x kg lean body weight [LBW]-1 x min[-], P < 0.001) and estimated VO2max (49.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 57.2 +/- 3.5 mg x kg LBW[-1] x min[-1], 0.05 < P < 0.10) were decreased in the relatives. The number of type IIb fibers (29.5 +/- 2.5 vs. 21.0 +/- 2.8%, P < 0.05) was increased in the relatives, whereas no significant differences were found in other fiber types or capillary density between the groups. Correlations were observed between number of type I fibers (positive), number of type IIb fibers (negative), and capillary density (positive) versus Rd as well as estimated VO2max (P < 0.05). In a multiple linear regression analysis with Rd as a dependent variable, estimated VO2max, family history of NIDDM, and number of type IIb fibers (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.64) significantly determined the level of Rd, whereas capillary density did not. In conclusion, insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients are characterized by an increased number of type IIb muscle fibers. Whether this finding reflects a reduced physical activity level and fitness in the relatives or is of primary genetic origin remains to be determined. AD - Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Institute for Experimental Clinical Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark. SO - Diabetes 1997 Nov;46(11):1822-1828 UI - 98026142 PM - 9379020 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sacca R AU - Turley S AU - Soong L AU - Mellman I AU - Ruddle NH TI - Transgenic expression of lymphotoxin restores lymph nodes to lymphotoxin-alpha-deficient mice. MH - Animal MH - *Gene Expression Regulation MH - Lymph Nodes/IMMUNOLOGY/*GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT MH - Lymphotoxin/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Mice MH - *Mice, Transgenic MH - Peyer's Patches/IMMUNOLOGY/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT MH - Rats MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 0 (Lymphotoxin) RN - 0 (lymphotoxin-alpha) DP - 1997 Nov 1 TA - J Immunol IS - 0022-1767 JC - IFB PG - 4252-4260 IP - 9 VI - 159 AB - Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha) has recently been demonstrated to be important in the development of lymph nodes (LN), Peyer's patches, and splenic organization, including the development of germinal centers. To elucidate the role of LT alpha in lymphoid organogenesis and the plasticity of the process, we examined LT alpha-/- mice in which an LT alpha transgene under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIPLT) is expressed in the pancreas, kidney, and skin. The LT alpha transgene restored LN in LT alpha-/- mice. The reconstituted LN of RIPLT.LT alpha- /- mice had germinal center-like peanut agglutinin-positive regions, but lacked follicular dendritic cells. Although the LT alpha transgene did not restore Peyer's patches or splenic architecture, it restored the ability of the spleen to form germinal centers and follicular dendritic cell networks. Lymphocytes isolated from the reconstituted LN showed normal proliferative responses to T and B cell mitogens and were defective in their proliferative response to T-dependent Ag, and a decreased number of interdigitating dendritic cells was apparent in the RIPLT.LT alpha-/- mice LN. Expression of the RIPLT transgene in mice deficient in LT beta did not reconstitute LN, suggesting an important role for LT beta in the mechanisms that reconstitute LN in RIPLT.LT alpha-/- mice. These data are the first to demonstrate reconstitution of LN in LT alpha-/- mice and show that the process of LN restoration is amenable to manipulation with ectopic lymphotoxin. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. SO - J Immunol 1997 Nov 1;159(9):4252-4260 UI - 98025416 PM - 9378367 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hahn SM AU - Mitchell JB AU - Shacter E TI - Tempol inhibits neutrophil and hydrogen peroxide-mediated DNA damage. MH - Animal MH - Antioxidants/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Cyclic N-Oxides/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - DNA Damage/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Hydrogen Peroxide/*TOXICITY MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Neutrophil Activation/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Neutrophils/METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Peritoneal Cavity/CYTOLOGY MH - Plasmacytoma MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/METABOLISM MH - Respiratory Burst/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Tumor Cells, Cultured RN - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) RN - 2226-96-2 (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol-N-oxyl) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - 0 (Cyclic N-Oxides) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) DP - 1997 TA - Free Radic Biol Med IS - 0891-5849 JC - FRE PG - 879-884 IP - 6 VI - 23 AB - Inflammatory conditions characterized by neutrophil activation are associated with a variety of chronic diseases. Reactive oxygen species are produced by activated neutrophils and produce DNA damage which may lead to tissue damage. Previous studies have shown that activated murine neutrophils induce DNA strand breaks in a target plasmacytoma cell, RIMPC 2394. We studied the effect of a water soluble nitroxide anti-oxidant, Tempol, on murine neutrophil induction of DNA strand breaks in this system. Murine neutrophils were isolated from the peritoneal cavity of BALB/cAn mice after an i.p. injection of pristane oil. Neutrophils were activated by the phorbol ester PMA and co- incubated with RIMPC 2394 cells. Control alkaline elution studies revealed progressive DNA strand breaks in RIMPC cells with time. The addition of Tempol to the incubation mixture prevented DNA damage in a dose dependent fashion. Five mM Tempol provided complete protection. Tempol protection against DNA strand breaks was similar for both stimulated neutrophils and exogenously added hydrogen peroxide. Measurement of hydrogen peroxide produced by stimulated neutrophils demonstrated that Tempol did not decrease hydrogen peroxide concentration. Oxidation of reduced metals, thereby interfering with the production of hydroxyl radical, is the most likely mechanism of nitroxide protection, although superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity and scavenging of carbon-based free radicals may also account for a portion of the observed protection. The anti-oxidant activity of Tempol inhibited DNA damage by activated neutrophils. The nitroxides as a class of compounds may have a role in the investigation and modification of inflammatory conditions. AD - Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. SO - Free Radic Biol Med 1997 ;23(6):879-884 UI - 97467690 PM - 9326899 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lindquist LW AU - Carlsson GE AU - Jemt T TI - Association between marginal bone loss around osseointegrated mandibular implants and smoking habits: a 10-year follow-up study. MH - Adult MH - Alveolar Bone Loss/*ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Human MH - Jaw, Edentulous/REHABILITATION/COMPLICATIONS MH - Male MH - Mandible MH - Mandibular Diseases/*ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - *Mandibular Prosthesis/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Middle Age MH - Oral Hygiene MH - *Osseointegration MH - Prosthesis Failure MH - Smoking/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Time Factors DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Dent Res IS - 0022-0345 JC - HYV PG - 1667-1674 IP - 10 VI - 76 AB - While many factors are conceivable, occlusal loading and plaque-induced inflammation are frequently stated as the most important ones negatively affecting the prognosis of oral implants. Currently, little is known about the relative importance of such factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of smoking and other possibly relevant factors on bone loss around mandibular implants. The participants were 45 edentulous patients, 21 smokers and 24 non- smokers, who were followed for 10-year period after treatment with a fixed implant-supported prosthesis in the mandible. The peri-implant bone level was measured on intraoral radiographs, information about smoking habits was based on a careful interview, and oral hygiene was evaluated from clinical registration of plaque accumulation. Besides standard statistical methods, multiple linear regression models were constructed for estimation of the relative influence of some factors on peri-implant bone loss. The long-term results of the implant treatment were good, and only three implants (1%) were lost. The mean marginal bone loss around the mandibular implants was very small, about 1 mm for the entire 10-year period. It was greater in smokers than in non- smokers and correlated to the amount of cigarette consumption. Smokers with poor oral hygiene showed greater marginal bone loss around the mandibular implants than those with good oral hygiene. Oral hygiene did not significantly affect bone loss in non-smokers. Multivariate analyses showed that smoking was the most important factor among those analyzed for association with peri-implant bone loss. The separate models for smokers and non-smokers revealed that oral hygiene had a greater impact on peri-implant bone loss among smokers than among non- smokers. This study showed that smoking was the most important factor affecting the rate of peri-implant bone loss, and that oral hygiene also had an influence, especially in smokers, while other factors, e.g., those associated with occlusal loading, were of minor importance. These results indicate that smoking habits should be included in analyses of implant survival and peri-implant bone loss. AD - Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Goteborg University, Sweden. SO - J Dent Res 1997 Oct;76(10):1667-1674 UI - 97460023 PM - 9312211 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Eliassi A AU - Garneau L AU - Roy G AU - Sauve R TI - Characterization of a chloride-selective channel from rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes of rat hepatocytes: evidence for a block by phosphate. MH - Animal MH - Calcium/METABOLISM MH - Chloride Channels/*METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough/*METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Hydrogen/METABOLISM MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Intracellular Membranes/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Kinetics MH - Lipid Bilayers/METABOLISM MH - Liver/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*METABOLISM MH - Nitrobenzoates/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Phosphates/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Potassium/METABOLISM MH - Rats MH - Stilbenes/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 7440-70-2 (Calcium) RN - 7440-09-7 (Potassium) RN - 1333-74-0 (Hydrogen) RN - 128-42-7 (4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid) RN - 107254-86-4 (5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid) RN - 0 (Stilbenes) RN - 0 (Phosphates) RN - 0 (Nitrobenzoates) RN - 0 (Lipid Bilayers) RN - 0 (Chloride Channels) DP - 1997 Oct 1 TA - J Membr Biol IS - 0022-2631 JC - J4E PG - 219-229 IP - 3 VI - 159 AB - We have characterized the conduction and blocking properties of a chloride channel from rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes of rat hepatocytes after incorporation into a planar lipid bilayer. Our experiments revealed the existence of a channel with a mean conductance of 164 +/- 5 pS in symmetrical 200 mm KCl solutions. We determined that the channel was ten times more permeable for Cl- than for K+, calculated from the reversal potential using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The channel was voltage dependent, with an open probability value ranging from 0.9 at -20 mV to 0.4 at +60 mV. In addition to its fully open state, the channel could also enter a flickering state, which appeared to involve rapid transitions to zero current level. Our results showed a decrease of the channel mean open time combined with an increase of the channel mean closed time at positive potentials. An analysis of the dwell time distributions for the open and closed intervals led to the conclusion that the observed fluctuation pattern was compatible with a kinetic scheme containing a single open state and a minimum of three closed states. The permeability sequence for test halides determined from reversal potentials was Br- > Cl- > I- approximately F-. The voltage dependence of the open probability was modified by the presence of halides in trans with a sequence reflecting the permeability sequence, suggesting that permeant anions such as Br- and Cl- have access to an internal site capable of controlling channel gating. Adding NPPB to the cis chamber inhibited the channel activity by increasing fast flickering and generating long silent periods, whereas channel activity was not affected by 50 microM DNDS in trans. The channel was reversibly inhibited by adding phosphate to the trans chamber. The inhibitory effect of phosphate was voltage-dependent and could be reversed by addition of Cl-. Our results suggest that channel block involves the interaction of HPO2-4 with a site located at 70% of the membrane span. AD - Department of Physiology, Membrane Transport Research Group, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal Canada H3C 3J7. SO - J Membr Biol 1997 Oct 1;159(3):219-229 UI - 98002187 PM - 9342780 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Bardgett ME AU - Salaris SL AU - Jackson JL AU - Harding J AU - Csernansky JG TI - The effects of kainic acid lesions on dopaminergic responses to haloperidol and clozapine. MH - Animal MH - Caudate Nucleus/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Clozapine/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Corpus Striatum/METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Dopamine/*METABOLISM MH - Dopamine Agonists MH - Haloperidol/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Injections, Intraventricular MH - Kainic Acid/*TOXICITY MH - Male MH - Nucleus Accumbens/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Putamen/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 5786-21-0 (Clozapine) RN - 52-86-8 (Haloperidol) RN - 51-61-6 (Dopamine) RN - 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid) RN - 0 (Dopamine Agonists) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Psychopharmacology (Berl) IS - 0033-3158 JC - QGI PG - 142-151 IP - 2 VI - 133 AB - The antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine have the common action of increasing dopamine metabolism in the striatum (nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen) of the rat. Intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid (KA) produces neuronal loss in limbic- cortical brain regions which project directly or indirectly to the striatum. In the present study, dopamine metabolism in subregions of the striatum was examined in rats with KA lesions after acute and chronic haloperidol or clozapine administration. The main findings was that the elevating effect of acute haloperidol treatment on the dopamine metabolite, DOPAC, was blocked in the nucleus accumbens shell and diminished in medial and laterodorsal caudate-putamen of the KA- lesioned rats. In addition, the elevating effects of both acute and chronic haloperidol treatment on dopamine turnover were attenuated in the laterodorsal caudate-putamen of KA-lesioned rats. The levels of dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA after chronic clozapine treatment were greater in KA-lesioned than control rats. These results indicate that dopaminergic responses to haloperidol may be diminished by limbic- cortical neuropathology, while such pathology does not significantly alter dopaminergic responses to clozapine. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA. SO - Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997 Sep;133(2):142-151 UI - 98018013 PM - 9376257 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ford M AU - Martin RD AU - Hilton LW AU - Ewert-Flannagan T AU - Corrigan GK AU - Johnson G AU - Hernandez MA AU - Sbach A AU - Lippman SM TI - Outcomes study of a course in breast-cancer screening. MH - Breast Neoplasms/*PREVENTION & CONTROL MH - Cancer Care Facilities MH - Clinical Competence MH - Comparative Study MH - Counseling MH - Data Interpretation, Statistical MH - *Education, Nursing, Continuing MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Human MH - Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - *Mass Screening MH - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) MH - Risk Factors MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Time Factors DP - 1997 TA - J Cancer Educ IS - 0885-8195 JC - AVY PG - 179-184 IP - 3 VI - 12 AB - BACKGROUND: The Breast Cancer Screening Module is a professional training course within the Professional Education for Prevention and Early Detection (PEPED) program at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. An outcomes study was done to determine the module's ability to improve screening practices crucial to breast- cancer control. METHODS: The five-day course combines 17 hours of class work with 20 hours of hands-on clinical training. Subjects were followed for one year post-training. Six outcome areas were evaluated: 1) knowledge about breast-cancer prevention; 2) clinical skills; 3) changes in routine practice; 4) numbers of patients screened, referred, and diagnosed; 5) trainee satisfaction with the course; and 6) barriers to implementing screening in routine practice. The study population was 63 subjects (all nurse professionals). RESULTS: Outcomes were positive in all six evaluation areas-significant gains in general and clinical knowledge tests (p < or = 0.05); a significant increase from 54.2% pre- training to 70.5% post-training in risk counseling (p < or = 0.05); a sustained increase in screening practices (4.3 times and 2.8 times greater at 6 and 12 months post-training, respectively); 72% rate of high course satisfaction; and barriers to improved screening practices, such as time limitations among 60.4% of subjects and 57.6% of their employers, were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This unique training enhances breast-cancer prevention and screening practices and early detection. AD - Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. SO - J Cancer Educ 1997 ;12(3):179-184 UI - 97440796 PM - 9380972 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Silva B AU - Yamamoto-Furusho JK AU - Grether P AU - Vargas-Alarcon G AU - Kofman S AU - Granados J TI - Immunogenetic study in Mexican couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions. MH - Abortion, Habitual/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Adult MH - Disease Susceptibility MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Fertility/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Gene Frequency MH - Histocompatibility Testing MH - Human MH - HLA Antigens/GENETICS/*ANALYSIS MH - HLA-B7 Antigen/ANALYSIS MH - Male MH - Mexico/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Outcome MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (HLA-B7 Antigen) RN - 0 (HLA Antigens) DP - 1997 May TA - Rev Invest Clin IS - 0034-8376 JC - SCH PG - 183-187 IP - 3 VI - 49 AB - AIM: To study the HLA markers in Mexican couples who have suffered three or more spontaneous abortions. DESIGN: The study included 24 couples with recurrent abortions and 32 with normal fertility. METHOD: HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DR, DQ) typing was done with a standard microlymphocytoxity test. The intergroup differences were evaluated by chi-square and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The frequency of the MHC markers in the males and females of couples with abortions were not significantly different from those in fertile couples. However, the abortion couples shared class I antigens more often than expected from random mating as compared to fertile couples, specially in the HLA-B locus. We also found a significantly decreased frequency of the HLA-B7 antigen in males belonging to the abortion group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HLA-B antigens may be markers for genes related to pregnancy outcome in Mexicans. AD - Departamento de Genetica, Hospital General de Mexico, SS, Mexico, D.F. SO - Rev Invest Clin 1997 May;49(3):183-187 UI - 98014679 PM - 9354556 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ogino H AU - Ueda Y AU - Morioka K AU - Matsubayashi K AU - Nomoto T TI - Mitral valve repair in a patient with severe porcelain aorta. MH - Aged MH - Aortic Diseases/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Calcinosis/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Cardiopulmonary Bypass MH - Case Report MH - Female MH - Heart Arrest, Induced MH - Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/*METHODS MH - Human MH - Mitral Valve/SURGERY MH - Mitral Valve Insufficiency/*SURGERY/COMPLICATIONS DP - 1997 Oct TA - Ann Thorac Surg IS - 0003-4975 JC - 683 PG - 1179-1181 IP - 4 VI - 64 AB - We repaired the mitral valve in a patient with severe porcelain aorta. Significant mitral regurgitation developed in a 66-year-old woman with heavy calcification throughout the whole aorta. At operation, cardiopulmonary bypass was properly established by combined axillary and femoral arterial cannulations for sufficient systemic flow. Likewise, the combination of a superior mitral approach and profound hypothermic fibrillatory arrest in conjunction with low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass allowed us to repair the mitral valve successfully. AD - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tenri Hospital, Japan. SO - Ann Thorac Surg 1997 Oct;64(4):1179-1181 UI - 97475723 PM - 9335178 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Parro V AU - Vives C AU - Godia F AU - Mellado RP TI - Overproduction and purification of an agarase of bacterial origin. MH - Bacterial Proteins/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - DNA/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Glycoside Hydrolases/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/GENETICS/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Promoter Regions (Genetics) MH - Streptomyces/*GENETICS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 9007-49-2 (DNA) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - EC 3.2.1.81 (agarase) RN - EC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases) DP - 1997 Oct 2 TA - J Biotechnol IS - 0168-1656 JC - AL6 PG - 59-66 IP - 1 VI - 58 AB - The agarase gene from Streptomyces coelicolor has been cloned in the non-producer bacterium Streptomyces lividans under the control of its own set of promoters and under the control of a heterologous promoter that is functional only during exponential growth. The best level of overproduction was obtained when the strain containing the natural gene was cultivated in fed batch with mannitol as carbon source. The protein, with a relative molecular mass of 32 kDa, has been purified following an affinity purification method. Contaminating activities seem to be absent from the purified enzyme preparation that can be used to purify DNA from agarose gels. AD - Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autonoma, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain. SO - J Biotechnol 1997 Oct 2;58(1):59-66 UI - 97417716 PM - 9271786 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Muller M AU - Sorrell TC TI - Oxidative stress and the mobilisation of arachidonic acid in stimulated human platelets: role of hydroxyl radical. MH - Antioxidants/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Arachidonic Acid/*METABOLISM MH - Blood Platelets/*METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Eicosanoids/METABOLISM MH - Human MH - Hydrogen Peroxide/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Hydroxyl Radical/*METABOLISM MH - Lipid Peroxidation MH - Mannitol/PHARMACOLOGY MH - NADP/METABOLISM MH - *Oxidative Stress MH - Phospholipids/METABOLISM MH - Pyocyanine/PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/METABOLISM RN - 85-66-5 (Pyocyanine) RN - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) RN - 69-65-8 (Mannitol) RN - 53-59-8 (NADP) RN - 506-32-1 (Arachidonic Acid) RN - 3352-57-6 (Hydroxyl Radical) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - 0 (Phospholipids) RN - 0 (Eicosanoids) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) DP - 1997 Jul TA - Prostaglandins IS - 0090-6980 JC - Q76 PG - 493-509 IP - 1 VI - 54 AB - Platelet functions, including eicosanoid biosynthesis, can be significantly altered by exposure to reactive oxygen species. We utilised the redox properties of the phenazine derivative, pyocyanin, to generate low micromolar levels of reactive oxygen species in order to investigate the metabolism of arachidonic acid by human platelets under oxidative stress. Eicosanoid production by platelets, pre- labelled with [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) and stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187, was inhibited in the presence of pyocyanin. In contrast, platelets pre-treated with pyocyanin and concurrently exposed to A23187 and AA showed no evidence of inhibition. Analysis of the free label content of labelled, pyocyanin-treated platelets after stimulation revealed diminished levels of total free label and a corresponding increase in labelled phospholipid. Prior treatment with the antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase or the hydroxyl radical scavenger, mannitol, before the addition of pyocyanin afforded protection against loss of eicosanoid production and restored AA release. We conclude that hydroxyl radicals inhibit one or more steps in the cascade leading to phospholipase A2 activation and release of arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipid stores. AD - Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia. SO - Prostaglandins 1997 Jul;54(1):493-509 UI - 97470473 PM - 9329890 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Demircay Z AU - Gurbuz O AU - Alpdogan TB AU - Yucelten D AU - Alpdogan O AU - Kurtkaya O AU - Bayik M TI - Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema in leukemic patients: a report of 15 cases. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibiotics, Anthracycline/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Cytarabine/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Daunorubicin/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Doxorubicin/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Erythema/PATHOLOGY/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Female MH - Human MH - Immunosuppressive Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute/*DRUG THERAPY/COMPLICATIONS MH - Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic/*DRUG THERAPY/COMPLICATIONS MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Prospective Studies MH - Recurrence RN - 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin) RN - 20830-81-3 (Daunorubicin) RN - 147-94-4 (Cytarabine) RN - 0 (Immunosuppressive Agents) RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined) RN - 0 (Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Anthracycline) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Int J Dermatol IS - 0011-9059 JC - GR2 PG - 593-598 IP - 8 VI - 36 AB - BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema is a distinct localized cutaneous response to certain systemic chemotherapeutic agents. METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1994, from a total of 76 leukemic patients who have received combination chemotherapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside and anthracycline antibiotics, 15 patients developed chemotherapy-induced acral erythema. Fourteen of the patients had acute myelocytic leukemia, and one of them had chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast phase. Clinical features of these 15 patients have been analysed. Biopsy specimens obtained from eight of the patients were also evaluated for histopathologic alterations. RESULTS: The overall incidence of this reaction was found to be 19.7% in our group of patients receiving this chemotherapy protocol. The onset of reaction varied from the fourth to the seventeenth days of the chemotherapy and resolved within 2 weeks in most of the patients. Lesions appeared as well-defined erythema and edema involving the palmar surfaces in all of the patients. In nine of the patients the reaction recurred with subsequent chemotherapies. Scattered necrotic keratinocytes, vacuolar alterations of the basal layer, and mild to moderate perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis were the histopathologic findings observed in the biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy- induced acral erythema is a frequent reaction in patients who are receiving high-dose chemotherapy. For patients in whom this self- limited condition develops, reassurance is the mainstay of therapy. Awareness of this reaction is also important to be able to differentiate it from acute graft versus host disease in patients who receive bone marrow transplants. AD - Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. SO - Int J Dermatol 1997 Aug;36(8):593-598 UI - 98022338 PM - 9378393 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Salcedo J AU - Keates S AU - Pothoulakis C AU - Warny M AU - Castagliuolo I AU - LaMont JT AU - Kelly CP TI - Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for severe Clostridium difficile colitis. MH - Antibodies/ANALYSIS MH - Bacterial Toxins/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Case Report MH - *Clostridium difficile MH - Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*THERAPY MH - Enterotoxins/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Human MH - IgG/ANALYSIS MH - *Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/CHEMISTRY MH - Male MH - Middle Age RN - 0 (Immunoglobulins, Intravenous) RN - 0 (IgG) RN - 0 (Enterotoxins) RN - 0 (Clostridium difficile enterotoxin A) RN - 0 (Clostridium difficile cytotoxin B) RN - 0 (Bacterial Toxins) RN - 0 (Antibodies) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Gut IS - 0017-5749 JC - FVT PG - 366-370 IP - 3 VI - 41 AB - BACKGROUND: Many individuals have serum antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. Those with an impaired antitoxin response may be susceptible to recurrent, prolonged, or severe C difficile diarrhoea and colitis. AIMS: To examine whether treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin might be effective in patients with severe pseudomembranous colitis unresponsive to standard antimicrobial therapy. PATIENTS: Two patients with pseudomembranous colitis not responding to metronidazole and vancomycin were given normal pooled human immunoglobulin intravenously (200-300 mg/kg). METHODS: Antibodies against C difficile toxins were measured in nine immunoglobulin preparations by ELISA and by cytotoxin neutralisation assay. RESULTS: Both patients responded quickly as shown by resolution of diarrhoea, abdominal tenderness, and distension. All immunoglobulin preparations tested contained IgG against C difficile toxins A and B by ELISA and neutralised the cytotoxic activity of C difficile toxins in vitro at IgG concentrations of 0.4-1.6 mg/ml. CONCLUSION: Passive immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin may be a useful addition to antibiotic therapy for severe, refractory C difficile colitis. IgG antitoxin is present in standard immunoglobulin preparations and C difficile toxin neutralising activity is evident at IgG concentrations which are readily achieved in the serum by intravenous immunoglobulin administration. AD - Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA. SO - Gut 1997 Sep;41(3):366-370 UI - 97414385 PM - 9380284 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lai A AU - Silvetti L AU - Cossu F AU - Di Chiara G AU - Tanda G AU - Frau R TI - Precision of drug dilution techniques. MH - English Abstract MH - *Indicator Dilution Techniques MH - Reproducibility of Results DP - 1997 Apr TA - Minerva Anestesiol IS - 0375-9393 JC - N26 PG - 115-118 IP - 4 VI - 63 AB - OBJECT: Evaluation of accuracy of three common dilution methods for drugs. EXPERIMENTAL PLAN: Perspective double blind investigation from March to June 1995. PLACE: Anaesthesia and Resuscitation Service of Children's Hospital of Iglesias (CA). METHODS: Forty dopamine at 2/1000 samples, obtained by dilution of dopamine at 40/1000 on sale with three different methods by five different operators, were analysed with a chromatography system in liquid phase at high pressure. RESULTS: Mean concentration with difference not exceeding 5% from the goal, are considered acceptable. Only one group of samples was found to be into these limits, but it was also the most dangerous for the high percentage of great mistakes in dilution. Although there are significant differences in the accuracy and safety of the three dilution methods, the highest and lowest final concentrations obtained differ very much from those estimated. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that drugs confections with proper dilution for different clinical uses might be on sale. AD - Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda USL n. 7, Ospedale Pediatrico F.lli Crobu, di Iglesias, (Cagliari). SO - Minerva Anestesiol 1997 Apr;63(4):115-118 UI - 97462647 PM - 9322874 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Liu JM AU - Young NS AU - Walsh CE AU - Cottler-Fox M AU - Carter C AU - Dunbar C AU - Barrett AJ AU - Emmons R TI - Retroviral mediated gene transfer of the Fanconi anemia complementation group C gene to hematopoietic progenitors of group C patients. MH - Cell Transplantation MH - Clinical Protocols MH - Fanconi's Anemia/*THERAPY MH - Gene Therapy/METHODS MH - *Gene Transfer MH - Genetic Vectors/GENETICS MH - *Hematopoietic Stem Cells MH - Human MH - Pilot Projects MH - Proteins/*GENETICS MH - Retroviridae/GENETICS RN - 0 (Proteins) RN - 0 (Genetic Vectors) RN - 0 (Fanconi anemia group C complementing protein) DP - 1997 Sep 20 TA - Hum Gene Ther IS - 1043-0342 JC - A12 PG - 1715-1730 IP - 14 VI - 8 AB - Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progress pancytopenia, congenial abnormalities, and a predisposition to malignancy. Therapy is currently limited to allogeneic marrow transplantation; patients lacking a suitable donor usually die from aplasia or acute leukemia. Recently, mutation in a novel gene named FACC (Fanconi anemia C-complementing) has been identified as causing one type of FA. FACC mutations, which introduce splicing errors or stop codons, have been identified in approximately 15% of FA patients. We have recently been successful in functional complementation of four FA cell lines using retroviral vectors to transfer a copy of the normal FACC gene. We also analyzed the ability of our viral vectors to functionally correct hematopoietic progenitor cells from a patient bearing a splice donor mutation. As for the lymphoid cell lines, these CD34-enriched cells were extremely sensitive to MMC. After infection of these progenitor cells with viral vectors bearing normal FACC, the progenitors gave rise to increased numbers of colonies both in the absence and presence of up to 5nM MMC, whereas control cells were completely destroyed by 1nM MMC. In summary, we have demonstrated that: (1) retroviral vectors can be engineered to transfer a normal FACC gene to FA(C) lymphoid cell lines and primary hematopoietic cells; (2) introduction of a normal FACC gene into CD34+ progenitors markedly enhances their growth in the absence and presence of MMC. This study is designed to determine whether hematopoietic progenitors transduced with the normal FACC gene can be reinfused safely into FA(C) patients. CD34+ cells obtained from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood will be transduced ex vivo over a 72-hour period in the presence of IL-3, IL-6, and Stem Cell Factor with the FACC retroviral vector. These transduced cells will be reinfused into FA(C) patients. Patients will be monitored for toxicities as well as evidence of successful gene transfer and expression. The procedure will be repeated up to a total of 4 times with each treatment 2-4 months apart. Theoretically, these rescued stem cells should have a selective growth advantage within the hypoplastic FA marrow environment in vivo. SO - Hum Gene Ther 1997 Sep 20;8(14):1715-1730 UI - 98010944 PM - 9350014 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Eltabbakh GH AU - Belinson JL AU - Kennedy AW AU - Gupta M AU - Webster K AU - Blumenson LE TI - Serum CA-125 measurements > 65 U/mL. Clinical value. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - CA-125 Antigen/*BLOOD MH - Endometriosis/BLOOD MH - Female MH - Genital Neoplasms, Female/*BLOOD MH - Heart Failure, Congestive/BLOOD MH - Human MH - Liver Cirrhosis/BLOOD MH - Middle Age MH - Ovarian Neoplasms/BLOOD MH - Peritoneal Neoplasms/BLOOD MH - Postmenopause MH - Reference Values MH - Retrospective Studies RN - 0 (CA-125 Antigen) DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Reprod Med IS - 0024-7758 JC - JWT PG - 617-624 IP - 10 VI - 42 AB - OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of various conditions associated with serum CA-125 values > 65 U/mL, to calculate the odds ratios of different ranges of high CA-125 in predicting cancer and to study the effect of menopause and the presence of a mass on the predictive value of high serum CA-125. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of the diagnoses in 313 consecutive women seen at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation whose serum CA-125 was > 65 U/mL was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using crosstabulation, chi 2, Fisher's exact test and the odds ratio. RESULTS: In patients with serum CA-125 > 65 U/mL, gynecologic cancers, nongynecologic cancers and non-malignant conditions constituted 74.3%, 10.2% and 13.1% of diagnoses, respectively. In patients with serum CA-125 > or = 1,000 U/mL, the same conditions were responsible for 89%, 7% and 3% of diagnoses, respectively. Endometriosis and metastatic breast cancer were the most common benign condition and nongynecologic cancer associated with serum CA-125 > 65 U/mL. The presence of an abdominopelvic mass significantly increased the risk of malignancy (P < .00005). Approximately 90% of patients with CA-125 > 65 U/mL and no mass had nonmalignant disease. The diagnoses of serum CA-125 values > 65 U/mL varied significantly in premenopausal versus postmenopausal patients. Postmenopausal patients had a higher incidence of gynecologic (P = .002) and nongynecologic (P = .0008) cancers and lower incidence of benign conditions (P < .0005). The odds ratio that CA-125 levels were associated with cancer increased as the level of CA-125 increased. The odds ratio of malignant versus benign disease was significantly higher in post-menopausal patients for all intervals of CA-125 levels until the level of > or = 1,000 U/mL was reached. CONCLUSION: In patients seen at a tertiary center, serum CA- 125 measurements > 65 U/mL were associated with nonmalignant conditions in 13% of patients. Although higher serum CA-125 levels were more associated with gynecologic malignancies, no level of CA-125 occurred exclusively with gynecologic cancers. In postmenopausal patients with serum CA-125 values > 65 U/mL and in patients with serum CA-125 values > 65 U/mL and an abdominopelvic mass, subspecialty consultation should be considered before proceeding to surgery. AD - Department of Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA. SO - J Reprod Med 1997 Oct;42(10):617-624 UI - 97451318 PM - 9306294 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Battaglia M AU - Bajo S AU - Strambi LF AU - Brambilla F AU - Castronovo C AU - Vanni G AU - Bellodi L TI - Physiological and behavioral responses to minor stressors in offspring of patients with panic disorder. MH - Adaptation, Psychological/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Arousal/PHYSIOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Autonomic Nervous System/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Child MH - Child of Impaired Parents/*PSYCHOLOGY MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Heart Rate/PHYSIOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Human MH - Hydrocortisone/METABOLISM MH - Male MH - Panic Disorder/PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Personality Assessment MH - Reference Values MH - Respiration/PHYSIOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Risk Factors MH - Saliva/METABOLISM MH - Social Behavior MH - Stress, Psychological/*COMPLICATIONS RN - 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) DP - 1997 May TA - J Psychiatr Res IS - 0022-3956 JC - JTJ PG - 365-376 IP - 3 VI - 31 AB - Nineteen children born to patients with panic disorder and a comparison group of 16 children born to unaffected, non-psychiatric patient subjects exposed to novel and mildly stressful situations (visiting an unfamiliar place and watching a movie containing anxiogenic scenes) were assessed for their behaviors, heart rate, respiratory rate and salivary cortisol secretion. At arrival children born to patients with panic disorder had significantly longer latency of first spontaneous verbal comment, fewer prosocial behavior, and increased distress and attachment behavior. During the projection of the movie, children of the two groups differed for attachment, distress, and exploration behaviors. During the anxiogenic scenes children born to patients with panic disorder showed increased behavioral inhibition and higher heart rate. Autonomic modulation, respiratory rates and cortisol secretion were similar in the two groups. Some distinct psychophysiological patterns may constitute early manifestations of the transmitted liability to panic disorder. AD - Istituto Scientifico H S. Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Italy. SO - J Psychiatr Res 1997 May;31(3):365-376 UI - 97449293 PM - 9305762 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Vignols F AU - Wigger M AU - Garcia-Garrido JM AU - Grellet F AU - Kader JC AU - Delseny M TI - Rice lipid transfer protein (LTP) genes belong to a complex multigene family and are differentially regulated. MH - Abscisic Acid/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Base Sequence MH - Carrier Proteins/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - DNA, Plant/GENETICS MH - *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Genes, Plant MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Rice/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Salicylic Acids/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Sodium Chloride/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) RN - 69-72-7 (salicylic acid) RN - 21293-29-8 (Abscisic Acid) RN - 0 (Salicylic Acids) RN - 0 (DNA, Plant) RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (lipid transfer protein) SI - GENBANK/X83433 SI - GENBANK/X83434 SI - GENBANK/X83435 DP - 1997 Aug 22 TA - Gene IS - 0378-1119 JC - FOP PG - 177-186 IP - 2 VI - 195 AB - Several cDNA clones encoding three different lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) have been isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) in order to analyse the complexity, the evolution and the expression of the LTP gene family. The mature proteins deduced from three clones exhibited a molecular mass of 9 kDa, in agreement with the molecular mass of other LTPs from plants. The clones were shown to be homologous in the coding region, while the 3' non-coding regions diverged strongly between the clones. The occurrence of at least three small multigene families encoding these proteins in rice was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. When compared with each other and with LTPs from other plants, the cluster including rice LTPs and other cereal LTPs indicated that these genes duplicated rather recently and independently in the different plant phyla. The expression pattern of each gene family was also investigated. Northern blot experiments demonstrated that they are differentially regulated in the different tissues analysed. Components such as salt, salicylic acid and abscisic acid were shown to modulate Ltp gene expression, depending on tissues and gene classes, suggesting a complex regulation of these genes. AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, URA CNRS 1180, Universite de Paris VI, France. SO - Gene 1997 Aug 22;195(2):177-186 UI - 97453507 PM - 9382350 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Olea Vallejo JL AU - Corretger Ruhi FJ AU - Salvat Serra M AU - Frau Rotger E AU - Galiana Ferre C AU - Fiol Jaume M TI - Risk factors in retinopathy of prematurity. MH - Comparative Study MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Oxygen Inhalation Therapy MH - Retinopathy of Prematurity/THERAPY/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Factors DP - 1997 Aug TA - An Esp Pediatr IS - 0302-4342 JC - 49N PG - 172-176 IP - 2 VI - 47 AB - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the potential risk factors in acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of preterm infants with birth weights less than 1,501 g, or more if mechanical ventilation and oxygen administration were needed, was carried out. Indirect ophthalmoscopy (mydriasis) with indentation was done every 15 days from the fourth week. Fifteen factors were analyzed. Statistically significant differences between the groups with and without ROP were sought with Fisher's exact probability test, two-sample t-test, and the chi-square contingency-table. A logistic regression was done. RESULTS: Thirty-six of the 137 infants examined (26.2%) with birth weight < or = 1,500 g had acute ROP. Only 7.1% of the infants with birth weights > or = 1,501 g had retinopathy. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the following variables: birth weight, gestational age, blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation, FiO2 (fraction inspired oxygen) maximum, time of FiO2 > or = 0.60 (hours) and time of FiO2 > or = 0.21 (days). However, the birth-weight was the only independent risk factor related to ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Retinopathy of the premature has a multifactorial etiology. The low gestational age and the oxygen had influence on ROP; however, low birth weight was the independent risk factor. AD - Servicio de Oftalmologia, Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca. SO - An Esp Pediatr 1997 Aug;47(2):172-176 UI - 98026387 PM - 9376273 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Cameron DA AU - Anderson ED AU - Levack P AU - Hawkins RA AU - Anderson TJ AU - Leonard RC AU - Forrest AP AU - Chetty U TI - Primary systemic therapy for operable breast cancer--10-year survival data after chemotherapy and hormone therapy. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aminoglutethimide/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Androstenedione/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Axilla MH - Breast Neoplasms/*THERAPY/SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Cyclophosphamide/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Doxorubicin/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Goserelin/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Human MH - Hydrocortisone/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Lymphatic Metastasis MH - Middle Age MH - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/*THERAPY/SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Ovariectomy MH - Prednisone/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Preoperative Care MH - Tamoxifen/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vincristine/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE RN - 65807-02-5 (Goserelin) RN - 63-05-8 (Androstenedione) RN - 57-22-7 (Vincristine) RN - 566-48-3 (4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione) RN - 53-03-2 (Prednisone) RN - 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) RN - 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide) RN - 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin) RN - 125-84-8 (Aminoglutethimide) RN - 10540-29-1 (Tamoxifen) RN - 0 (CHOP protocol) RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined) DP - 1997 TA - Br J Cancer IS - 0007-0920 JC - AV4 PG - 1099-1105 IP - 8 VI - 76 AB - Between 1984 and 1990, 94 women presenting to the Edinburgh Breast Unit with operable breast cancer of 4 cm or greater in diameter (T2, T3, N0, N1, M0) were given preoperative systemic therapy. Initially, all women received hormone therapy, with CHOP (cyclophosphamide 1 g m(-2), doxorubicin 50 mg m(-2), vincristine 1.4 mg m(-2) to a maximum of 2 mg and prednisolone 40 mg per day orally for 5 days) chemotherapy being administered to those who failed to respond by 3 months. After April 1987, first-line hormone therapy was only offered to women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-moderate/-rich (> 20 fmol mg(-1) protein) tumours, and CHOP was reserved for those women whose tumours failed to respond to hormone therapy and for those with ER-negative/-poor tumours. Response data have been published previously (Anderson et al, 1991). After a median follow-up of 7.5 years, there is no difference in survival between those women given initial hormone therapy and those given chemotherapy, with neither group having yet reached its median survival. The two key factors that predicted for a poor survival were the number of involved axillary nodes after preoperative systemic therapy (P < 0.00001) and a lack of response to preoperative therapy (P < 0.05). These data suggest that many women with ER-moderate/-rich tumours will have a good prognosis after preoperative hormone therapy alone. However, it is possible to identify, by their post-systemic therapy axillary node status, a group of women who still have an appalling prognosis after preoperative chemotherapy or hormone therapy. AD - ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK. SO - Br J Cancer 1997 ;76(8):1099-1105 UI - 98021591 PM - 9376966 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Wright D AU - Schneider A AU - Berger JR TI - Central nervous system opportunistic infections. MH - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/THERAPY/*DIAGNOSIS MH - Brain Diseases/VIROLOGY/THERAPY/MICROBIOLOGY/*DIAGNOSIS MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/DIAGNOSIS MH - Herpes Simplex/DIAGNOSIS MH - Herpes Zoster/DIAGNOSIS MH - Human MH - *HIV-1 MH - HTLV-BLV Infections/DIAGNOSIS MH - Immune Tolerance MH - Immunocompromised Host MH - Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/VIROLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - Meningitis, Cryptococcal/DIAGNOSIS MH - Mycobacterium Infections/DIAGNOSIS MH - Mycoses/DIAGNOSIS MH - Neurosyphilis/DIAGNOSIS MH - Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/DIAGNOSIS DP - 1997 Aug TA - Neuroimaging Clin N Am IS - 1052-5149 JC - B1F PG - 513-525 IP - 3 VI - 7 AB - The spectrum of opportunistic infections occurring in association with human-immunodeficiency virus, type 1, is very broad. These infections develop most frequently in the setting of advanced immunosuppression. There is no part of the neuraxis that is immune to these complications and the concurrence of more than one infectious illness may always be considered. The neuroimaging features, when coupled with the clinical and laboratory findings, often suggest the correct diagnosis and enable the physician to initiate therapy. AD - Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA. SO - Neuroimaging Clin N Am 1997 Aug;7(3):513-525 UI - 97473682 PM - 9332524 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Burke DG AU - Emancipator SN AU - Smith MC AU - Salata RA TI - Histoplasmosis and kidney disease in patients with AIDS. MH - Administration, Oral MH - Antibodies, Fungal/BLOOD/ANALYSIS MH - Antifungal Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Antigen-Antibody Complex/ANALYSIS MH - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*MICROBIOLOGY MH - Biopsy MH - Case Report MH - Cholesterol/BLOOD/ANALYSIS MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/MICROBIOLOGY/*DIAGNOSIS MH - Histoplasmosis/IMMUNOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Human MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Itraconazole/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Kidney/PATHOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Proteinuria/MICROBIOLOGY/*DIAGNOSIS MH - Serum Albumin/ANALYSIS RN - 84625-61-6 (Itraconazole) RN - 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) RN - 0 (Serum Albumin) RN - 0 (Antigen-Antibody Complex) RN - 0 (Antifungal Agents) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Fungal) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Clin Infect Dis IS - 1058-4838 JC - A4J PG - 281-284 IP - 2 VI - 25 AB - Renal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often presents with significant proteinuria and progressive renal failure; focal glomerulosclerosis is the most common renal pathology identified. To our knowledge, we report the first case of nephrotic- range proteinuria and preserved renal function in an HIV-infected patient in association with disseminated histoplasmosis. The initial level of proteinuria was 12.5 g/24 h. The patient developed a concomitant lesion on his neck, which was biopsied and identified as Histoplasma capsulatum by fungal stains and culture. The serum CF titer of antibody against yeast antigens of H. capsulatum was 1:8. The level of serum albumin decreased to 2.0 g/dL, and the level of serum cholesterol increased to 284 mg/dL. Immunohistochemical staining of renal biopsy tissue demonstrated immune complexes within the mesangium; H. capsulatum antigen was also demonstrated in the mesangium. Therapy with oral itraconazole resulted in marked clinical improvement. The findings in this case emphasize the need to rule out treatable causes of the nephrotic syndrome in AIDS, especially in cases of immune- complex glomerulonephritis. AD - Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5083, USA. SO - Clin Infect Dis 1997 Aug;25(2):281-284 UI - 98001259 PM - 9341963 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ahmedzai S TI - Current strategies for pain control. MH - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Analgesics, Opioid/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Bone Neoplasms/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Fentanyl/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Human MH - Neoplasms/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Pain/*DRUG THERAPY MH - *Pain Measurement RN - 437-38-7 (Fentanyl) RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) RN - 0 (Analgesics, Non-Narcotic) DP - 1997 TA - Ann Oncol IS - 0923-7534 JC - AYF PG - S21-S24 VI - 8 AB - Pain is the most feared symptom for patients diagnosed with cancer. Although our understanding of cancer pain and its management has greatly improved in the past decade, an unacceptably large proportion of patients still do not receive adequate pain relief. Before commencing any form of treatment, patients must receive a thorough assessment in order to define the pain, causes and severity. The recommendations for progressing a patient from step 2 to step 3 of the WHO analgesic ladder are discussed here as well as the choice of strong opioid substitution. An overview of the benefits of considering alternative routes of administering strong opioids, such as the transdermal delivery of fentanyl (TTS fentanyl), and the use of opioid substitution in patients intolerant to the adverse effects of morphine are also included. Finally, newer approaches to relieving refractory pain, such as neuropathic and bone pain, are considered. AD - Department of Surgical and Anaesthetic Sciences, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. SO - Ann Oncol 1997 ;8:S21-S24 UI - 97481000 PM - 9339616 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Aziz AB AU - Hamid S AU - Iqbal S AU - Islam W AU - Karim SA TI - Prevalence and severity of viral hepatitis in Pakistani pregnant women: a five year hospital based study. MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Hepatic Encephalopathy/ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/COMPLICATIONS MH - Human MH - Pakistan/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Prevalence DP - 1997 Aug TA - JPMA J Pak Med Assoc IS - 0030-9982 JC - KGI PG - 198-201 IP - 8 VI - 47 AB - A hospital based observational study was carried out on pregnant women presenting with either acute hepatitis or fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), during the past years. Of 53 patients, 20 (38%) developed FHF.Non-A, Non-B was the commonest cause (62%) followed by hepatitis B in 17% and hepatitis A in 4% cases. Eight women expired (case fatality rate 15%) with a high maternal mortality (62%) caused by NANB hepatitis. Perinatal mortality was 30%. Poor prognostic factors identified were lack of antenatal care, severity of jaundice, history of somnolence, gastrointestinal bleeding and a high grade of encephalopathy. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. SO - JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 1997 Aug;47(8):198-201 UI - 97462809 PM - 9323036 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Zhou N AU - Paemen L AU - Opdenakker G AU - Froyen G TI - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a human gelatinase B- inhibitory single-chain immunoglobulin variable fragment (scFv). MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Collagenases/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Escherichia coli/*GENETICS MH - Human MH - Immunoglobulin Fragments/*PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Immunoglobulin Variable Region/PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Mice MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Recombinant Proteins/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Sequence Analysis MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin Variable Region) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin Fragments) RN - EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) RN - EC 3.4.24.- (Collagenases) DP - 1997 Sep 15 TA - FEBS Lett IS - 0014-5793 JC - EUH PG - 562-566 IP - 3 VI - 414 AB - The murine monoclonal antibody REGA-3G12 selectively and specifically inhibits the activity of human gelatinase B. The cDNA fragments which encode the variable regions of the light and heavy chains were isolated by PCR-mediated cloning and sequenced. Single-chain Fv expression constructs for Escherichia coli were generated in which c-myc tag sequences were encoded. Inducible expression of the scFv and secretion to the periplasm were obtained with higher yields when the c-myc tag sequence was positioned at the amino-terminal side. The inhibitory activity of purified scFv on neutrophil gelatinase B was tested in a gelatin degradation assay and it was found to possess a similar specific activity as that of the intact monoclonal antibody and of the pepsin-clipped F(ab')2 derivative. This shows for the first time that inhibition of soluble enzymes with scFv is possible and opens new perspectives for the treatment of diseases with excessive and detrimental enzyme production in the host. AD - Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium. SO - FEBS Lett 1997 Sep 15;414(3):562-566 UI - 97477299 PM - 9337362 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kukita I AU - Okamoto K AU - Sato T AU - Shibata Y AU - Taki K AU - Kurose M AU - Terasaki H AU - Kohrogi H AU - Ando M TI - Emergency extracorporeal life support for patients with near-fatal status asthmaticus. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Algorithms MH - Blood Gas Analysis MH - Case Report MH - Decision Trees MH - Emergencies MH - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/*METHODS MH - Female MH - Human MH - Life Support Care/*METHODS MH - Lung Compliance MH - Middle Age MH - Pulmonary Gas Exchange MH - Respiration, Artificial MH - Status Asthmaticus/*THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY DP - 1997 Oct TA - Am J Emerg Med IS - 0735-6757 JC - AA2 PG - 566-569 IP - 6 VI - 15 AB - Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was used to treat three patients with near-fatal status asthmaticus who did not respond to aggressive medical therapies and mechanical ventilation under controlled permissive hypercapnia. ECLS was instituted in patient 1 because PaCO2 was excessively high and pH was excessively low, in patient 2 because hypoxemia and shock were not responsive to treatment, and in patient 3 because of sustained severe hypotension. ECLS supported adequate gas exchange until pulmonary function improved, diminishing the need for mechanical ventilation and preventing pulmonary complications. Pulmonary dysfunction improved markedly after only 21 to 86 hours of ECLS. Aggressive medical treatments were continued during ECLS. Our findings indicate that ECLS is a useful method for preventing death in patients with near-fatal status asthmaticus. AD - Division of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan. SO - Am J Emerg Med 1997 Oct;15(6):566-569 UI - 97465075 PM - 9323783 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Gunnarsson RK AU - Holm SE AU - Soderstrom M TI - The prevalence of beta-haemolytic streptococci in throat specimens from healthy children and adults. Implications for the clinical value of throat cultures. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Carrier State/*MICROBIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Child MH - Child Day Care Centers MH - Child, Preschool MH - Comparative Study MH - Human MH - Infant MH - Pharyngitis/*MICROBIOLOGY MH - Pharynx/*MICROBIOLOGY MH - Prevalence MH - Prospective Studies MH - Seasons MH - Serotyping MH - Streptococcal Infections/*MICROBIOLOGY MH - Streptococcus pyogenes/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/CLASSIFICATION MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DP - 1997 Sep TA - Scand J Prim Health Care IS - 0281-3432 JC - SIF PG - 149-155 IP - 3 VI - 15 AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of age and season of the year on the carrier rate of beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) in healthy individuals and patients with throat pain. DESIGN: The prevalence of BHS in throat specimens from healthy individuals was compared with that from patients with throat pain of the same age in a defined geographical area, collected during the same mid-winter and late summer periods. RESULTS: The prevalence of BHS in healthy individuals was low before the age of 3 years (1.9-7.1%) and in adults > or = 16 years (2.4- 3.7%) and highest in the age group 3-15 years (5.0-21.2%). The difference in prevalence of BHS between healthy individuals and patients with throat pain was small during the late summer season and large during the mid-winter season. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of BHS varies with age and season in healthy individuals and patients with throat pain. During the summer, it is much more difficult to interpret the result of a throat culture in individuals aged < 16 years. AD - Department of Primary Health Care, Goteborg University, Sweden. SO - Scand J Prim Health Care 1997 Sep;15(3):149-155 UI - 98008877 PM - 9344868 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Chilukuri LN AU - Fortes PA AU - Bartlett DH TI - High pressure modulation of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase activity. MH - *Atmospheric Pressure MH - DNA Topoisomerase (ATP-Hydrolysing)/*METABOLISM MH - DNA, Superhelical/METABOLISM MH - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel MH - Enzyme Activation MH - Escherichia coli/*ENZYMOLOGY MH - Plasmids/METABOLISM MH - Substrate Specificity MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN - 0 (Plasmids) RN - 0 (DNA, Superhelical) RN - EC 5.99.1.3 (DNA Topoisomerase (ATP-Hydrolysing)) DP - 1997 Oct 20 TA - Biochem Biophys Res Commun IS - 0006-291X JC - 9Y8 PG - 552-556 IP - 2 VI - 239 AB - Elevated pressures greater than 551 bar were found to inhibit the DNA supercoiling activity of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. A large fraction of the inhibitory effect could be reproduced by preincubation of the enzyme at high pressure prior to enzymatic assay at 1 bar. It is proposed that elevated pressure influences gyrase structure, most likely by promoting the dissociation of its subunits, however, it is also possible that effects on enzyme activity exist. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. AD - Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. SO - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997 Oct 20;239(2):552-556 UI - 97465074 PM - 9323782 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Herrstrom P AU - Fristrom A AU - Karlsson A AU - Hogstedt B TI - Enterobius vermicularis and finger sucking in young Swedish children. MH - Animal MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Enterobiasis/*TRANSMISSION/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - *Enterobius MH - Female MH - *Fingersucking MH - Human MH - Male MH - Mass Screening MH - Prevalence MH - Sweden/EPIDEMIOLOGY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Scand J Prim Health Care IS - 0281-3432 JC - SIF PG - 146-148 IP - 3 VI - 15 AB - OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis and its association with finger sucking in young Swedish children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey with a questionnaire for symptoms of infestation with Enterobius vermicularis, and the children's habit of finger sucking (including fingernail biting). Perianal tape-test for identification of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. SETTING: Primary care, day-care centres, and schools in a Swedish middle-sized town (approx. 80,000 inhabitants). PARTICIPANTS: 172 children of both sexes, 4-10 years old. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis and its association with finger sucking. RESULTS: 21% of the children were symptom-free carriers of Enterobius vermicularis, and finger sucking was strongly associated with a positive tape-test (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: More children than previously known seemed to be symptom-free carriers of Enterobius vermicularis. Finger sucking should be considered when treating infested children and especially those with relapsing symptoms. AD - Primary Care Centre Hertig Knut, Central Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden. SO - Scand J Prim Health Care 1997 Sep;15(3):146-148 UI - 97468082 PM - 9327226 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Woodburn R AU - Randall ME TI - Advances in gynecologic radiation oncology. MH - Antineoplastic Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Cervix Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Female MH - Genital Neoplasms, Female/SURGERY/*RADIOTHERAPY MH - Human MH - Ovarian Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY MH - Uterine Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY MH - Vaginal Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY MH - Vulvar Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Curr Opin Oncol IS - 1040-8746 JC - A1V PG - 471-477 IP - 5 VI - 9 AB - Radiation therapy is an important modality in the curative and palliative management of patients with gynecologic malignancies. However, the specific roles of radiation therapy continue to evolve in terms of specific indications, volumes treated, techniques, and integration with other modalities. Retrospective assessments of outcome and prospective clinical trials are necessary to answer questions, generate additional hypotheses, and guide further refinements in the application of radiation therapy. This article focuses on recent literature and ongoing clinical trials in this disease group. AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA. SO - Curr Opin Oncol 1997 Sep;9(5):471-477 UI - 98014507 PM - 9344556 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Shuaib A AU - Ijaz MS AU - Miyashita H AU - Hussain S AU - Kanthan R TI - GABA and glutamate levels in the substantia nigra reticulata following repetitive cerebral ischemia in gerbils. MH - Animal MH - Brain Damage, Chronic/PATHOLOGY/ETIOLOGY MH - Cerebral Ischemia/PATHOLOGY/*METABOLISM/COMPLICATIONS MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Convalescence MH - Gerbillinae MH - Glutamic Acid/*ANALYSIS MH - GABA/*ANALYSIS MH - Male MH - Microdialysis MH - Recurrence MH - Substantia Nigra/*CHEMISTRY MH - Time Factors RN - 56-86-0 (Glutamic Acid) RN - 56-12-2 (GABA) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Exp Neurol IS - 0014-4886 JC - EQF PG - 311-315 IP - 2 VI - 147 AB - Repetitive cerebral ischemia produces more severe damage than a similar single duration insult. We have previously shown that, in gerbils, damage in the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) is seen with repetitive insults rather than a single insult. We have also shown that there is a progressive decrease in the extracellular GABA in the striatum in the days preceding such damage, speculating that a loss of GABA may be in part responsible for this damage. This study evaluates the GABA levels in the SNr in animals exposed to repetitive ischemic insults. Each animal received a total of three ischemic insults of 3-min duration at hourly intervals. In vivo microdialysis was carried out to analyze the GABA and glutamate dialysate levels on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 following the ischemic insult. In the control and treated (ischemic) animals, there was a significant increase in the GABA levels with the introduction of nipecotic acid on Days 1, 3, 5, and 14. However, on Day 7 there was a significant attenuation in the GABA response to nipecotic acid in the treated animals in comparison to the controls. The glutamate levels in the treated animals were similar to the control animals on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. However, on Day 14 the glutamate levels were significantly lower than on previous days. Our experiments for the first time measure extracellular glutamate and GABA responses in the SNr in animals exposed to repetitive ischemic insults. Our experiments show that there is a significant decrease in the GABA concentrations at a time when ischemic damage is developing in this region. This confirms our hypothesis that a decrease in GABA may be one factor contributing to neuronal damage during the period following repetitive ischemic insults. Further, the rebound increase in GABA levels on Day 14 with a concomitant fall in glutamate levels would indicate that reparative processes are still active in the 2 weeks following the insult. AD - Department of Medicine, and Saskatchewan Stroke Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. SO - Exp Neurol 1997 Oct;147(2):311-315 UI - 97468548 PM - 9327635 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Broussard G AU - Bramanti O AU - Marchese FM TI - Occupational risk and toxicology evaluations of industrial water conditioning. MH - Corrosion MH - Disinfectants/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Human MH - Occupational Diseases/PREVENTION & CONTROL/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Occupational Exposure/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Oxidants/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Risk Factors MH - Safety MH - Surface-Active Agents/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - *Water MH - Water Softening/*ADVERSE EFFECTS RN - 7732-18-5 (Water) RN - 0 (Surface-Active Agents) RN - 0 (Oxidants) RN - 0 (Disinfectants) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Occup Med (Oxf) IS - 0962-7480 JC - A79 PG - 337-340 IP - 6 VI - 47 AB - This study addresses the chemical and toxicological questions due to the wide use of chemical treatment programmes for industrial cooling water. First, natural problems encountered in cooling tower systems were presented and grouped into three categories: (i) scaling; (ii) corrosion and (iii) biofouling. Chemical solutions adopted in industrial plants were outlined for each one in order to minimize damage and categorized as shut-down, production loss, heat transfer reduction, upsets, etc. Above all, the purpose of the work was to identify the most dangerous chemicals normally used, which means sources of chemical risk for safety workers and their environment; thus, symptoms of exposure, prevention measures and protection tools are also described. AD - Occupational Medicine Institute, University of Messina, Italy. SO - Occup Med (Oxf) 1997 Aug;47(6):337-340 UI - 98005080 PM - 9345269 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nishiki T AU - Shoji-Kasai Y AU - Sekiguchi M AU - Iwasaki S AU - Kumakura K AU - Takahashi M TI - Comparison of exocytotic mechanisms between acetylcholine- and catecholamine-containing vesicles in rat pheochromocytoma cells. MH - Acetylcholine/*METABOLISM MH - Adenosine Triphosphate/METABOLISM MH - Animal MH - Calcium/METABOLISM MH - Catecholamines/*METABOLISM MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Comparative Study MH - *Exocytosis MH - Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Potassium/METABOLISM MH - PC12 Cells MH - Rats MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Synaptic Vesicles/*METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS RN - 7440-70-2 (Calcium) RN - 7440-09-7 (Potassium) RN - 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) RN - 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) RN - 37589-80-3 (Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)) RN - 0 (Catecholamines) DP - 1997 Oct 9 TA - Biochem Biophys Res Commun IS - 0006-291X JC - 9Y8 PG - 57-62 IP - 1 VI - 239 AB - The molecular mechanisms of exocytosis from two types of secretory organelles, synaptic-like microvesicles and secretory vesicles, were compared by measuring acetylcholine (ACh) and catecholamine (CA) release from a newly isolated PC12 subclone, PC12-C3 which contains a high level of Ach. Digitonin-permeabilized PC12-C3 cells released both transmitters with similar Ca(2+)-dependency. Ca(2+)-evoked Ach and CA release from permeabilized cells were increased in the presence of MgATP, suggesting the existence of a MgATP-dependent priming step prior to the Ca(2+)-triggered fusion step in both ACh release and CA release. The non-hydrolyzable analogue of GTP guanosine 5'-(gamma- thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S), produced both ACh and CA release from permeabilized cells in the absence of Ca2+. Pretreatment with a phorbol ester which activates protein kinase C, potentiated depolarization- induced ACh and CA release from unpermeabilized cells. These results indicated that exocytosis from two distinct vesicle populations are mediated by the same basic molecular mechanisms. AD - Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. SO - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997 Oct 9;239(1):57-62 UI - 97442855 PM - 9297786 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hori M AU - Kondo H AU - Ariyoshi N AU - Yamada H AU - Oguri K TI - Species-specific alteration of hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity with coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl: evidence for an Ah-receptor-linked mechanism. MH - Animal MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Enzyme Induction MH - Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Guinea Pigs MH - Liver/ENZYMOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Inbred DBA MH - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*TOXICITY MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Species Specificity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon) RN - 0 (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) RN - EC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Chemosphere IS - 0045-6535 JC - B4D PG - 951-958 IP - 5 VI - 35 AB - We examined the in vivo effect of a highly toxic coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) on the hepatic activity of glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)-responsive (C57/BL) and -less-responsive (DBA) strains of mice. The activity in the C57BL strain was moderately increased by 3,3',4,4',5- pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) in a dose dependent manner. However, this was not observed in DBA mice although greater doses were injected. 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 52) with a non-planar structure did not increase G6PDH activity. The increase in G6PDH activity with PCB 126 was also seen in rats, but not in guinea pigs. The activity in the latter species was decreased rather than increased. These results suggest that the induction of hepatic G6PDH by coplanar PCB is mediated by a mechanism involving the Ah receptor, and the response was highly species-specific. AD - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. SO - Chemosphere 1997 Sep;35(5):951-958 UI - 97465265 PM - 9380946 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Tedesco F AU - Pausa M AU - Bulla R AU - Melazzini S AU - Guaschino S TI - The maternal-fetal immune relationship in pregnancy. MH - Abortion, Habitual/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Decidua/IMMUNOLOGY MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - HLA Antigens/IMMUNOLOGY MH - *Immunity, Maternally-Acquired MH - Pregnancy/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Pregnancy, Animal/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Trophoblast/IMMUNOLOGY RN - 0 (HLA Antigens) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Recenti Prog Med IS - 0034-1193 JC - R1T PG - 406-414 IP - 9 VI - 88 AB - The mother establishes with the fetus a special interaction in pregnancy allowing his normal survival in spite of the different HLA antigens. The main factors contributing to these favourable conditions for the fetus are an efficient local immunosuppression and the formation of a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus. A number of substances are responsible for the local immunosuppression and include cytokines, prostaglandins, hormones as well as various other proteins of pregnancy. In addition, cytokines produced by TH2 lymphocytes seem to be predominant with respect to those of TH1 cells. An effective protection is provided by the trophoblast layer, which not only forms a physical barrier between the mother and the fetus but evades the immune attack of the mother by expressing inhibitory molecules of the complement system and by down regulating the expression of HLA antigens. Data obtained from murine models and clinical observation in pathological pregnancies suggest that an abnormal immune response of the mother against the feto-placental unit may be responsible for the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortions. This is proved by the ability of the partner's lymphocytes administered to females in the mouse model prior to mating to reduce the incidence of abortions. Unfortunately, similar treatment in women with recurrent abortion does not appear to be very effective. AD - Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Patologia, Universita, Trieste. SO - Recenti Prog Med 1997 Sep;88(9):406-414 UI - 98007515 PM - 9347825 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sadikot RT AU - Renwick DS AU - DaCosta P AU - Chalmers AG AU - Pearson SB TI - Breast metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. MH - Breast Neoplasms/*SECONDARY MH - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*SECONDARY MH - Case Report MH - Female MH - Human MH - Lung Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY MH - Middle Age DP - 1997 Oct TA - South Med J IS - 0038-4348 JC - UVH PG - 1063-1064 IP - 10 VI - 90 AB - Breast is an unusual site for metastatic disease, particularly for non- small cell lung cancer. We report an unusual case of metastatic breast lesions from a primary anaplastic lung tumor and discuss the common and uncommon sites of metastasis from lung carcinomas. AD - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, England. SO - South Med J 1997 Oct;90(10):1063-1064 UI - 97465058 PM - 9323766 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Benassi KG AU - Cox LA AU - Long BW TI - Repair of pseudoaneurysms via ultrasound-guided compression. MH - Aneurysm, False/*THERAPY/ETIOLOGY MH - Catheterization/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Human MH - Pressure MH - Transducers MH - *Ultrasonography, Doppler DP - 1997 Sep TA - Radiol Technol IS - 0033-8397 JC - QRD PG - 55-61 IP - 1 VI - 69 AB - Pseudoaneurysm formation is one of the potential complications of arterial catheterization. In the past, surgery was the usual method of treatment for pseudoaneurysms. Although surgical repair is still indicated in some cases, a noninvasive procedure called ultrasound- guided compression repair (UGCR) often can be used instead of surgery. During UGCR, an ultrasound transducer is used to apply compression to the pseudoaneurysm, causing a clot to form. This article describes the UGCR procedure and discusses results that clinicians have attained using this method of pseudoaneurysm repair. AD - Putnam County Hospital, Greencastle, Ind., USA. SO - Radiol Technol 1997 Sep;69(1):55-61 UI - 97446404 PM - 9300992 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Stadler RW AU - Taylor JA AU - Lees RS TI - Comparison of B-mode, M-mode and echo-tracking methods for measurement of the arterial distension waveform. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Carotid Artery, Common/*ULTRASONOGRAPHY/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Elasticity MH - Female MH - Fourier Analysis MH - Human MH - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*METHODS MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DP - 1997 TA - Ultrasound Med Biol IS - 0301-5629 JC - WNE PG - 879-887 IP - 6 VI - 23 AB - Measurements of arterial diameter throughout the cardiac cycle (i.e., the arterial distension waveform) are conducted increasingly to study mechanical properties of the arterial wall and changes associated with disease. The distension waveform of peripheral arteries can be measured noninvasively via ultrasonic echo tracking. M-mode imaging, and B-mode imaging. Of these, echo tracking is the most popular method because of its single micrometer resolution during continuous measurements under ideal conditions. However, high resolution within continuous measurements does not imply high reproducibility between measurements. Therefore, we compared repeated measurements of the amplitude of common carotid artery distension in 26 subjects, obtained sequentially in random order by: 1. Off-line echo tracking of digitized radiofrequency ultrasound; 2. M-mode imaging with automated edge detection; and 3. 30- Hz B-mode imaging with automated edge detection and model-based diameter estimation. In each case, the transducer was hand-held and was removed from the neck between repeated measurements. The amplitude of arterial distension was estimated from the serial diameter measurements by maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, by least-squares fit of a Fourier series model, and by application of a cubic smoothing spline. Within continuous measurements, the standard deviation of the ML distension amplitude for neighboring cardiac cycles was significantly smaller (p > 0.05) with echo-tracking (0.023 mm) than with the B-mode (0.036 mm) or M-mode (0.074 mm) methods. However, between discontinuous measurements on the same subject, the standard deviation of the ML distension amplitude was similar for the echo-tracking (0.076 mm) and B- mode (0.073 mm) methods. The Fourier series model and the cubic smoothing spline slightly reduced the standard deviation of the B-mode and M-mode distension amplitudes, but also reduced the mean amplitude estimate. On the basis of this relative comparison of methods, we conclude that, although echo tracking offers high resolution for continuous measurements, the reproducibility of discontinuous measurements of carotid artery distension is no better with echo tracking than can be obtained from 30-Hz B-mode images. AD - Boston Heart Foundation, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. SO - Ultrasound Med Biol 1997 ;23(6):879-887 UI - 97474383 PM - 9335407 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Dai SM AU - Shan ZZ AU - Miao CY AU - Yin M AU - Su DF TI - Hemodynamic responses to endothelin-1 and endothelin antagonists microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarius in rats. MH - Animal MH - Blood Pressure/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Endothelin-1/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Heart Rate/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Hexamethonium/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Male MH - Microinjections MH - Oligopeptides/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Receptors, Endothelin/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Solitary Nucleus/PHYSIOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS RN - 60-26-4 (Hexamethonium) RN - 143037-36-9 (PD 142893) RN - 0 (Receptors, Endothelin) RN - 0 (Oligopeptides) RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol IS - 0160-2446 JC - K78 PG - 475-480 IP - 4 VI - 30 AB - The role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in central cardiovascular control was investigated by local microinjections of ET-1 and ET-receptor antagonists. In urethane- anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, a unilateral microinjection of ET-1 (1.0, 3.3, and 10.0 pmol) into the NTS significantly increased arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, and dP/dt(max) in a dose- dependent manner, and slightly decreased heart rate in a dose- independent manner. The pressor effect lasted >90 min. In normotensive rats, neither PD147953, a selective ETA-receptor antagonist, nor PD142893, a mixed ETA- and ETB-receptor antagonist, microinjected into the NTS elicited any changes in arterial pressure or heart rate. The pressor and bradycardic effects evoked by microinjection of ET-1 into the NTS could be blocked by local pretreatment with PD147953 and completely eliminated by intravenous pretreatment with the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium. The arterial baroreflex sensitivity was almost totally suppressed by microinjection of ET-1 (3.3 pmol) in alpha- chloralose-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. A similar pattern of changes in the hemodynamic variables was elicited by microinjection of ET-1 (3.3 pmol) into the NTS in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In SHRs, microinjection of PD142893 did not elicit any changes in arterial pressure or heart rate. These results suggest that ET-1 modulates reflex control of hemodynamics by activation of autonomic nerve via ETA receptors in the NTS, and that the responsiveness of SHRs to ET-1 or PD142893 is similar to that of WKY rats. AD - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China. SO - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1997 Oct;30(4):475-480 UI - 98017791 PM - 9378510 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Rasgoti S TI - Effect of carbon tetrachloride on rat liver, following parathyroidectomy: histopathological observations. MH - Animal MH - Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/*PATHOLOGY MH - Liver/PATHOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Male MH - Muridae/*ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Parathyroid Glands/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Parathyroidectomy MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DP - 1997 May TA - Indian J Exp Biol IS - 0019-5189 JC - GIZ PG - 443-447 IP - 5 VI - 35 AB - Absence of centrilobular necrosis, cirrhosis and giant hepatic cells with a large nucleus were significant observations in the liver of CCl4 treated rats following unilateral parathyroidectomy. Increased number of mitochondria and presence of binucleated cells indicated hepatic regeneration in unilaterally parathyroidectomized and CCl4 treated rats. Focal necrosis, giant cells and presence of smooth endoplasmic reticulum around the nucleus reflect a slight impairment in regeneration of the liver following bilateral parathyroidectomy and CCl4 administration. The results show that parathyroidectomy interferes in the pathogenesis of necrosis and associated lesions in the liver of CCl4 treated rats. Overall results indicate that unilateral parathyroidectomy afforded better protection than bilateral parathyroidectomy. AD - Department of Zoology, Ch. C.S. University, Meerut, India. SO - Indian J Exp Biol 1997 May;35(5):443-447 UI - 97474264 PM - 9335288 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Platzer J AU - Sterr W AU - Hausmann M AU - Schmitt R TI - Three genes of a motility operon and their role in flagellar rotary speed variation in Rhizobium meliloti. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Bacterial Proteins/PHYSIOLOGY/*GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - Base Sequence MH - DNA Insertion Elements MH - Flagella/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Gene Fusion MH - Genetic Complementation Test MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Movement MH - Mutagenesis, Insertional MH - *Operon MH - Restriction Mapping MH - Rhizobium meliloti/PHYSIOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Sequence Deletion MH - Signal Peptides MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Signal Peptides) RN - 0 (MotD protein) RN - 0 (MotC protein) RN - 0 (MotB protein) RN - 0 (DNA Insertion Elements) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) SI - GENBANK/L49337 DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Bacteriol IS - 0021-9193 JC - HH3 PG - 6391-6399 IP - 20 VI - 179 AB - The peritrichous flagella of Rhizobium meliloti rotate only clockwise and control directional changes of swimming cells by modulating flagellar rotary speed. Using Tn5 insertions, we have identified and sequenced a motility (mot) operon containing three genes, motB, motC, and motD, that are translationally coupled. The motB gene (and an unlinked motA) has been assigned by similarity to the Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis homologs, whereas motC and motD are new and without known precedents in other bacteria. In-frame deletions introduced in motB, motC, or motD each result in paralysis. MotD function was fully restored by complementation with the wild-type motD gene. By contrast, deletions in motB or motC required the native combination of motB and motC in trans for restoring normal flagellar rotation, whereas complementation with motB or motC alone led to uncoordinated (jiggly) swimming. Similarly, a motB-motC gene fusion and a Tn5 insertion intervening between motB and motC resulted in jiggly swimming as a consequence of large fluctuations in flagellar rotary speed. We conclude that MotC biosynthesis requires coordinate expression of motB and motC and balanced amounts of the two gene products. The MotC polypeptide contains an N-terminal signal sequence for export, and Western blots have confirmed its location in the periplasm of the R. meliloti cell. A working model suggests that interactions between MotB and MotC at the periplasmic surface of the motor control the energy flux or the energy coupling that drives flagellar rotation. AD - Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, Universitat Regensburg, Germany. SO - J Bacteriol 1997 Oct;179(20):6391-6399 UI - 98011201 PM - 9350135 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ren N AU - Song YC AU - Bi XZ AU - Ding Y AU - Liu LH TI - The physical location of genes cdc2 and prh1 in maize (Zea mays L.). MH - Centromere MH - *Chromosome Mapping MH - Corn/*GENETICS MH - DNA Probes MH - Genetic Markers MH - Phosphoprotein Phosphatase/*GENETICS MH - Protein p34cdc2/*GENETICS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Protein p34cdc2) RN - 0 (Genetic Markers) RN - 0 (DNA Probes) RN - EC 3.1.3.16 (Phosphoprotein Phosphatase) DP - 1997 TA - Hereditas IS - 0018-0661 JC - G6D PG - 211-217 IP - 3 VI - 126 AB - A biotin-labelling in situ hybridization technique was first used to physically map two single copy genes, cdc2 and prh1, in maize. These two genes are metabolically interrelated genes. The full-length cDNA clones cdc2ZmA and ZmPPI of genes cdc2 and prh1 were adopted as the probes. They are 1.3 and 1.6 kb in size, respectively. Clone cdc2ZmA was physically mapped on the long arm of chromosomes 4, 8, and 9. The percent distances from centromere to detection site were 57.9 +/- 2.7, 28.4 +/- 1.5, and 88.2 +/- 3.3. The detection rate was 19.2%. Clone ZmPPI was physically mapped on the long arm of chromosomes 4, 6, and 8. The percent distances were 53.6 +/- 1.2, 60.8 +/- 2.9 and 17.1 +/- 1.6. The detection ratio was 18.5%. The technique of chromosome ISH and the relationship between the location and function of these two genes have been discussed. AD - Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan Hubei, People's Republic of China. SO - Hereditas 1997 ;126(3):211-217 UI - 97451491 PM - 9306444 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Gross ND AU - Wilson DJ AU - Dailey RA TI - Visual hallucinations after enucleation. MH - Aged MH - Case Report MH - Eye Enucleation/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Female MH - Hallucinations/PSYCHOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY MH - Human MH - Postoperative Complications MH - Vision Disorders/PSYCHOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg IS - 0740-9303 JC - AY2 PG - 221-225 IP - 3 VI - 13 AB - Visual phenomena are frequently reported in patients after ocular trauma, surgery or progressive visual degeneration. In particular, hallucinations are often seen by patients following enucleation. Whereas these visions can be verbally described to the physician, they can never actually be seen. This article focuses on the case of a female artist who experienced visual hallucinations after enucleation of her dominant right eye. In addition to her verbal descriptions, she was able to express these hallucinations visually on canvas. Her case offers insight to caregivers about the nature of visual hallucinations in patients with similar experiences. A review of the general characteristics and etiologies of such visual phenomena is also included. AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA. SO - Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1997 Sep;13(3):221-225 UI - 98007362 PM - 9347706 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Holstein M TI - Reflections on death and dying. MH - Advance Directives MH - *Death MH - Human MH - Physician-Patient Relations MH - Physician's Role MH - Sociology, Medical MH - Terminal Care DP - 1997 Oct TA - Acad Med IS - 1040-2446 JC - ACM PG - 848-855 IP - 10 VI - 72 AB - Americans simultaneously worry about dying and about being tethered to machines that keep them alive beyond a point when life has any meaning. People living with terminal illness often feel isolated from life around them and a burden on those they love; they feel uncertain that their deaths will be relatively free of pain and suffering and that their dignity will be compromised as little as possible. These failings can be remedied. Traditional hospice care and integrating palliative care into the general medical setting are important, but they cannot alone occasion a better dying. The medical community must re-imagine dying and reflect about ways to transform image into reality in practice and in training colleagues and successors. Physicians and others know how to provide care and even improve living when cure is unlikely; the harder task is to respect such care as profoundly as curing. The exigencies of modern medicine, where time is a budgetable commodity, makes caring well for dying patients difficult. Medicine cannot have hegemony over dying and cannot singularly offer people a better death, but it cannot absent itself either. The almost single- minded focus on decision making that has infused conversations about dying and death may divert attention from the attentiveness and loving relationships that are as vital as life's end as at its beginning. Medicine has "colonized" death: It has transformed it into a place where progress in staving it off may appear to be unlimited, and thus it encourages forgetting that death is part of the human condition. The task before medicine, and academic medicine in particular, is to transform death back into a human scale. With all that is available to delay death--but not to make it optional--the most important task is to recover humbleness before an awesome moment and be with the patient, one human being to another, knowing that dying is not always open to solutions. AD - Park Ridge Center for the Study of Health, Faith, and Ethics, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3215, USA. martha@prchfe.org SO - Acad Med 1997 Oct;72(10):848-855 UI - 97440483 PM - 9376763 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Elaeva NL AU - Predtechenskii MB AU - Kul'bitskii GN AU - Babaina EV AU - Trefilov VV TI - The pharmacokinetic interaction of cholinolytics and cholinesterase reactivators as a reflection of the modulation of their binding in blood plasma and in brain tissue. MH - Animal MH - Brain/*METABOLISM MH - Brain Chemistry MH - Carbon Radioisotopes MH - Cholinergic Antagonists/THERAPEUTIC USE/*PHARMACOKINETICS/ANALYSIS MH - Cholinesterase Reactivators/THERAPEUTIC USE/*PHARMACOKINETICS/ANALYSIS MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Chromatography, Thin Layer MH - Drug Interactions MH - English Abstract MH - Insecticides, Organophosphate/POISONING MH - Male MH - Plasma/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Poisoning/METABOLISM/DRUG THERAPY MH - Radioligand Assay MH - Rats MH - Time Factors MH - Trichlorfon/POISONING MH - Tritium RN - 52-68-6 (Trichlorfon) RN - 10028-17-8 (Tritium) RN - 0 (Insecticides, Organophosphate) RN - 0 (Cholinesterase Reactivators) RN - 0 (Cholinergic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Carbon Radioisotopes) DP - 1997 Jul TA - Eksp Klin Farmakol IS - 0869-2092 JC - BMO PG - 64-67 IP - 4 VI - 60 AB - Radioligand assay showed that the cholinesterase (ChE) reactivators dipiroxime and benzyxime, but not carboxime, modulate selective absorption of some cholinolytics (tributam, pediphen, aprophen) in rat brain. Significant suppression of the specific binding of muscarine antagonists was recorded after chlorophos (2.LD50) intoxication. Under such conditions, the ChE reactivators induce increase in the number of binding sites and in the parameters of the constant of cholinolytic absorption on the brain membranes. It was also established by equilibrium dialysis that the binding of cholinolytics in blood plasma under the effect of ChE reactivators is reduced, leading to redistribution of their free and bound fractures, which is most favorable for tissue sorption. SO - Eksp Klin Farmakol 1997 Jul;60(4):64-67 UI - 97408544 PM - 9263063 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Crissey SD AU - Swanson JA AU - Lintzenich BA AU - Brewer BA AU - Slifka KA TI - Use of a raw meat-based diet or a dry kibble diet for sand cats (Felis margarita). MH - Animal MH - Animal Feed/STANDARDS MH - Beta Carotene/ANALYSIS MH - Body Mass Index MH - Calcium/BLOOD MH - Carnivora/*PHYSIOLOGY/METABOLISM/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT MH - Comparative Study MH - Diet/*VETERINARY MH - Dietary Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Digestion/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Energy Intake/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Energy Metabolism/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Male MH - *Meat/ANALYSIS MH - Phosphorus/BLOOD MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Taurine/BLOOD MH - Vitamin A/BLOOD RN - 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) RN - 7440-70-2 (Calcium) RN - 7235-40-7 (Beta Carotene) RN - 11103-57-4 (Vitamin A) RN - 107-35-7 (Taurine) RN - 0 (Dietary Proteins) DP - 1997 Aug TA - J Anim Sci IS - 0021-8812 JC - HC7 PG - 2154-2160 IP - 8 VI - 75 AB - Limited information is available on the utilization of different types of diets by captive exotic felid species. Utilization of diets by small exotic felids may differ depending on the diet fed. Eight sand cats (Felis margarita), which are small, 2- to 4-kg cats, were used to examine the digestibility of two types of diets: a raw meat-based diet and a dry kibble diet. Dry matter, crude protein and energy intakes and digestibilities were evaluated. Digestibilities for dry matter, energy, and crude protein were 83.5 +/- 4.8, 89.6 +/- 5.2, 92.4 +/- 5.3% for the raw meat-based diet and 72.7 +/- 12.3, 76.8 +/- 14.5, and 77.9 +/- 13.5% for the kibble diet. Physiological variables also were examined and included plasma taurine, vitamin A, retinyl palmitate, beta- carotene, calcium, and phosphorus. Plasma taurine means were 91.4 +/- 8.4 mumol/L in cats consuming the raw meat-based diet and 248.0 +/- 23.2 mumol/L in cats consuming the kibble diet. Plasma phosphorus was 5.2 +/- .1 and 4.5 +/- .1 mg/dL, respectively, in cats consuming raw meat-based and kibble diets. beta-Carotene was 25.2 +/- 2.9 and 2.9 +/- .3 micrograms/dL, respectively, for cats consuming the raw meat-based and kibble diets. These results indicate that diets formulated for small captive exotic felid species should be evaluated with respect to diet type and nutrient utilization. AD - Daniel F. & Ada L. Rice Conservation Biology and Research Center, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA. SO - J Anim Sci 1997 Aug;75(8):2154-2160 UI - 97457618 PM - 9311427 PT - COMMENT AU - Exner CE TI - Clinical interpretation of "In-hand manipulation in young children: translation movements". MH - Adult MH - Child MH - Child Development/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Human MH - Laterality/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Male MH - Motor Skills/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Occupational Therapy MH - Patient Care Planning MH - Psychomotor Disorders/REHABILITATION/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Psychomotor Performance/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Reference Values DP - 1997 Oct TA - Am J Occup Ther IS - 0272-9490 JC - 3O4 PG - 729-732 IP - 9 VI - 51 AB - As a result of their study, Pehoski et al. (1997) have contributed to our knowledge of the development of in-hand manipulation skills in young children. Although knowledge of skill development in children who are typically developing must be applied with caution to children with disabilities, information about normal development provides us with at least the basis for evaluation and treatment planning. Children with moderate and severe problems with hand skills are very unlikely to be appropriate candidates for intervention for in-hand manipulation skills, but children with mild disabilities may be easier for the therapies to identify when using these data on developmental trends and descriptions of strategies for execution of in-hand manipulation skills. Such identification has the potential to lead to intervention that can positively influence the child's performance of a variety of functional tasks that rely on these skills. AD - Occupational Therapy Department, Towson University, Maryland 21252- 7097, USA. SO - Am J Occup Ther 1997 Oct;51(9):729-732 UI - 97464791 PM - 9323504 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Raj DS AU - Tobe S AU - Saiphoo C AU - Manuel MA TI - Quantitating dialysis using two dialysate samples: a simple, practical and accurate approach for evaluating urea kinetics. MH - Blood Specimen Collection MH - Comparative Study MH - Dialysis Solutions/*ANALYSIS MH - Female MH - *Hemodialysis MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Chronic/*THERAPY/BLOOD MH - Kinetics MH - Linear Models MH - Male MH - Urea/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*ANALYSIS RN - 57-13-6 (Urea) RN - 0 (Dialysis Solutions) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Int J Artif Organs IS - 0391-3988 JC - GQO PG - 422-427 IP - 8 VI - 20 AB - Urea kinetics is now widely used to determine the adequacy of dialysis. Several simplified formulae are currently in use but only a few have been accepted into clinical practice because of their simplicity and ease of calculation. A recent analysis of these formulae showed that for the same set of blood urea values the calculated Kt/V can range from 1.0 to 1.5. We have developed a new dialysate-based method (2DSM) to estimate the urea kinetic parameters using dialysate and blood samples taken at the beginning and at the end of dialysis. The total urea removed (TUR) was calculated from the geometric mean of the two dialysate samples, dialysate flow rate and the duration of dialysis. The Watson formula was used to determine the volume of distribution of urea. A comparison of the 2DSM and the direct dialysate quantification (DDQ) method showed the following results (mean +/- sd, n = 52): for total urea removal (TUR) 697 +/- 32 vs 722 +/- 37 mmol (p = 0.6, r2 = 0.928, y = 101 + 0.83 x, mean difference 25 +/- 76 mmol, see Bland- Altman plot), dialysate urea concentration (Durea) 5.55 +/- 0.25 vs 5.75 +/- 0.29 mmol/l (p = 0.6, r2 = 0.928, y = 0.8 + 0.82 x, mean difference 0.2 +/- 0.6 mmol, see Bland-Altman plot), dialyser clearance (K) 232 +/- 4.4 vs 235 +/- 5.6 ml/min (p = 0.54), Kt/V 1.42 +/- 0.04 vs 1.51 +/- 0.04 (p = 0.21), volume of distribution of urea (Vd) 40.14 +/- 1.04 vs 38.74 +/- 1.2 L, (p = 0.38), and PCR 64.6 +/- 2.6 vs 68.1 +/- 3.1 g/day. We have developed a simple method of determining dialysate- based urea kinetics which requires two dialysate samples, one at the beginning and one at the end of dialysis and a blood sample at the midpoint of dialysis. TUR can be calculated using the dialysate flow rate and the dialysis duration and once this is known all the other kinetic parameters can be calculated. AD - Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario. SO - Int J Artif Organs 1997 Aug;20(8):422-427 UI - 98008978 PM - 9344906 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lee YH AU - Schwartz MD AU - Panganiban AT TI - The HIV-1 matrix domain of Gag is required for Vpu responsiveness during particle release. MH - Binding Sites MH - Gene Deletion MH - Gene Products, gag/*METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Gene Products, vpu/*METABOLISM MH - Hela Cells MH - Human MH - HIV-1/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Protein Binding MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Viral Proteins/METABOLISM MH - Virion/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Virus Replication/*PHYSIOLOGY RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) RN - 0 (Gene Products, vpu) RN - 0 (Gene Products, gag) DP - 1997 Oct 13 TA - Virology IS - 0042-6822 JC - XEA PG - 46-55 IP - 1 VI - 237 AB - HIV-1 viral protein U (Vpu) facilitates virus particle release. To determine whether Gag is sufficient for generation of a target for Vpu- mediated particle release, we expressed HIV-1 Gag protein in the absence of the other viral genes. The resulting particles were still Vpu responsive. Mutational analysis of Gag indicated that the matrix domain (MA) is required for Vpu responsiveness. However, additional mutations in other domains of Gag, which affect the formation of stable virus particles, also abrogate Vpu responsiveness on total Gag release. Coexpression of the wild-type gag gene and a gag mutant lacking the MA domain renders the MA- mutant Vpu responsive. This indicates that Gag molecules lacking MA are still incorporated into particles through association with wild-type Gag molecules and that the resulting composite particles are sufficient for Vpu-mediated exit. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. AD - McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. SO - Virology 1997 Oct 13;237(1):46-55 UI - 97412867 PM - 9267510 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Erskine RJ AU - Bartlett PC AU - Herdt T AU - Gaston P TI - Effects of parenteral administration of vitamin E on health of periparturient dairy cows. MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Endometritis/VETERINARY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Incidence MH - Mastitis, Bovine/PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Placenta, Retained/VETERINARY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Pregnancy MH - Prospective Studies MH - Puerperal Disorders/*VETERINARY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Vitamin E/*THERAPEUTIC USE/BLOOD/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE RN - 1406-18-4 (Vitamin E) DP - 1997 Aug 15 TA - J Am Vet Med Assoc IS - 0003-1488 JC - HAV PG - 466-469 IP - 4 VI - 211 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of administration of vitamin E (D- alpha-tocopherol) on the incidence of retained placenta, metritis, and clinical mastitis during early lactation and on tocopherol concentrations. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. ANIMALS: 420 Holstein cows. PROCEDURE: Vitamin E (3,000 mg, IM, once) was administered to 204 cows B to 14 days before expected parturition, and 216 control cows were not treated. The number of cows that had retained placenta, metritis, clinical mastitis, displaced abomasum, and clinically apparent acetonemia or hypocalcemia were recorded. Serum concentrations of tocopherol, the tocopherol:cholesterol ratio, and glutathione-peroxidase activity were determined from samples obtained before administration of vitamin E, 7 and 14 days after administration, and at 30 days after parturition from 36 treated and 36 control cows. RESULTS: Administration of vitamin E significantly decreased the incidence of retained placenta and metritis (13/204 [6.4%] and 8/204: [3.9%], respectively, for the vitamin E-treated group; 27/216 [12.5%] and 19/ 216 [8.8%], respectively, for the untreated group) but did not affect the incidence of clinical mastitis. Serum vitamin E concentration was significantly higher in treated than in control cattle at 7 and 14 days after administration, but serum tocopherol: cholesterol ratio was significantly higher only at 7 days after administration. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Parenteral administration of a single injection of vitamin E before parturition may decrease the incidence of retained placenta and metritis in dairy cows but will increase serum concentrations for 7 to 14 days after administration. AD - Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA. SO - J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997 Aug 15;211(4):466-469 UI - 97465243 PM - 9377678 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Kleba T TI - Early and late complications after surgical gastric resection for peptic ulcer. MH - Anastomosis, Surgical/METHODS MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Gastrectomy MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Postoperative Complications/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Stomach Ulcer/*SURGERY MH - Time Factors MH - Vagotomy DP - 1997 May TA - Pol Merkuriusz Lek IS - 1426-9686 JC - CTL PG - 313-314 IP - 11 VI - 2 AB - For evaluating early and late complications after partial gastrectomy in gastric and duodenal ulcer, performed in 1976-92 years, was investigated 585 patients. The surgery was carry out mutables Rydygier and Billroth-2 methods. The smallest complications early and late found after the operations Finney-Haberer and Billroth-2 with Braun anastomosis and vagotomy. AD - Oddzialu Chirurgicznego Szpitala w Jasle. SO - Pol Merkuriusz Lek 1997 May;2(11):313-314 UI - 97463413 PM - 9322197 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ward WG AU - Johnston-Jones K AU - Lowenbraun S AU - Dorey F AU - Rosen G AU - Eckardt JJ TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis and infection resistance of massive tumor endoprostheses during chemotherapy. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - *Antibiotic Prophylaxis MH - Antibiotics, Combined/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Antineoplastic Agents/*ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Bone Neoplasms/*SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Chemotherapy, Adjuvant MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Fractures, Spontaneous/*SURGERY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Neutropenia/IMMUNOLOGY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Prospective Studies MH - Prosthesis-Related Infections/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Surgical Wound Infection/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/IMMUNOLOGY RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Combined) DP - 1997 TA - J South Orthop Assoc IS - 1059-1052 JC - B95 PG - 180-185 IP - 3 VI - 6 AB - Fifty-five consecutively treated patients with malignant bone tumors had preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy by one oncologist. These same patients had massive bone resection and cemented endoprosthetic bone replacement by one orthopaedic oncologist. Despite 143 instances of documented fever and/or neutropenia in 45 of these 55 patients, no known deep periprosthetic infections developed in any patient during follow-up (mean, 29.4 months; median, 25 months; range, 5 months to 62 months). Broad spectrum antibiotics had been administered in at least 118 instances to these patients (intravenously in hospital, 9 times to 7 patients; intravenously at home, 38 times to 18 patients; and orally at home, 71 times to 26 patients). This study confirms the low infection rate of these massive endoprostheses, despite neutropenic and/or febrile episodes if the patient is given prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics during the episodes. We support the continued use of massive endoprostheses for bone reconstruction in patients requiring chemotherapy. AD - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1070, USA. SO - J South Orthop Assoc 1997 ;6(3):180-185 UI - 97444562 PM - 9299752 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Porro AM AU - Yoshioka MC AU - Kaminski SK AU - Palmeira M do C AU - Fischman O AU - Alchorne MM TI - Disseminated dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum gypseum in two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Adult MH - Antifungal Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Case Report MH - Dermatomycoses/PATHOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Female MH - Hand Dermatoses/PATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Male MH - *Microsporum MH - Onychomycosis/PATHOLOGY MH - Piperazines/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Skin/PATHOLOGY MH - Triazoles/THERAPEUTIC USE RN - 0 (Triazoles) RN - 0 (Piperazines) RN - 0 (Antifungal Agents) DP - 1997 TA - Mycopathologia IS - 0301-486X JC - NO4 PG - 9-12 IP - 1 VI - 137 AB - Microsporum gypseum is not a common agent of human dermatophytosis. To the best of our knowledge, this fungus has not been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. We report a tinea corporis infection with atypical presentation caused by M. gypseum in two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) studied at the Sao Paulo Hospital (Sao Paulo, Brazil). AD - Departamento de Dermatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Univerisidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil. SO - Mycopathologia 1997 ;137(1):9-12 UI - 97410656 PM - 9377115 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Perez Carmona NJ AU - Garcia MA AU - Fuentes Rejon T TI - Serous otitis media. Comparative study of carbinoxamine- pseudoephedrine vs astemizole-pseudoephedrine. MH - Astemizole/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Comparative Study MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - English Abstract MH - Ephedrine/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Female MH - Histamine H1 Antagonists/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Human MH - Hyperkinesis/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Male MH - Nasal Decongestants/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Otitis Media with Effusion/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Pyridines/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Sleep Stages MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 68844-77-9 (Astemizole) RN - 486-16-8 (carbinoxamine) RN - 299-42-3 (Ephedrine) RN - 0 (Pyridines) RN - 0 (Nasal Decongestants) RN - 0 (Histamine H1 Antagonists) DP - 1997 May TA - Rev Alerg Mex JC - B47 PG - 70-73 IP - 3 VI - 44 AB - They were studied 48 children of 3 to 8 years old, of two sex (30 male and 18 female), that attended the external service of otolaryngology of the Hospital of the ISSSTE of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas (Mexico) and the private practice of the Allergy Clinic and Otolaringol in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, of the month of November of 1995 to April of 1996. Some of the side effects observed in the patients treated in the group A (carbinoxamine-P) were: mild sedation and in some instances hyperexcitability and irritability. However, it was not necessary to discontinue the medication or to modify the dose. In the group B (astemizole-P) was observed only excitement and irritability in some instances by hypersensitivity to the pseudoephedrine. It is very important to consider that the adequate and timely treatment in a patient with otitis serous media will permit to avoid sequels that they can cause, in the long run, a meaningful impact in the language and intellectual development of the child. AD - Pediatra alergologa, Hospital San Jose, Nuevo Laredo, Tamps. SO - Rev Alerg Mex 1997 May;44(3):70-73 UI - 98021187 PM - 9379424 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Yoshida H AU - Fujita S AU - Nishida M AU - Iizuka T TI - Immunohistochemical distribution of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries in the synovial membrane in cases of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. MH - von Willebrand Factor/ANALYSIS MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Capillaries/*PATHOLOGY MH - Collagen/ANALYSIS MH - Dislocations/*PATHOLOGY MH - Female MH - Human MH - Hyperplasia MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Lymphatic System/*PATHOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Osteoarthritis/PATHOLOGY MH - Synovial Membrane/*PATHOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Synovitis/PATHOLOGY MH - Temporomandibular Joint/PATHOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Temporomandibular Joint Disk/*PATHOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/PATHOLOGY RN - 9007-34-5 (Collagen) RN - 0 (von Willebrand Factor) DP - 1997 Sep TA - J Oral Pathol Med IS - 0904-2512 JC - JRF PG - 356-361 IP - 8 VI - 26 AB - The distribution of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries in the synovial membrane was examined immunohistologically with anti-human collagen IV antibody and anti-human von Willebrand factor in 26 human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) samples comprising discs with adjoining synovial membrane from 10 control TMJs and from 16 TMJs with internal derangement. Three different distribution types were observed in the synovial membrane. In the control samples, the occurrence of blood capillaries and lymph capillaries was rare. In mildly hyperplastic synovitis, lymph capillaries were observed just beneath the surface of the synovial membrane, whereas blood capillaries occurred in a little deeper layer of the synovial membrane. In a severely hyperplastic synovitis, both lymph and blood capillaries were observed frequently. The present results suggest that the different distribution patterns of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries reflect the degree of synovitis but can not be attributed to specific clinical symptoms. AD - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan. SO - J Oral Pathol Med 1997 Sep;26(8):356-361 UI - 98006560 PM - 9347012 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Steinmetz J AU - Caces E AU - Couderc R AU - Beucler I AU - Legrand A AU - Henny J TI - Reference values of apolipoproteins A1 and B. Contribution of international standardization. Travail collaboratif entre la SFBC, l'Arcol et le SFRL. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Apolipoprotein A-I/*STANDARDS/BLOOD MH - Apolipoproteins B/*STANDARDS/BLOOD MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - *International Cooperation MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Reference Standards MH - Reference Values RN - 0 (Apolipoproteins B) RN - 0 (Apolipoprotein A-I) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Ann Biol Clin (Paris) IS - 0003-3898 JC - 4ZS PG - 451-454 IP - 5 VI - 55 AB - The utilization of two WHO reference materials, liquid and lyophilized, permitted international standardization of apolipoprotein measurements. We report here the results of a collaborative study between Arcol, SFBC and SFRL in order to establish reference ranges for apo A1 and B on nine standardized systems. A population of 1027 men and women supposed healthy, 4 to 60 year old, have been selected in two Centers for Preventive Medicine. The serum samples were aliquoted frozen at -20 degrees C the day of sampling and analysed by the manufacturers with IFCC standardized calibrants. A specific quality control was performed using a frozen pool of sera. For apo A1, the centile 2.5 of the reference population varies from 1.04 to 1.16 g/l. The range values for the centile 97.5 varies from 1.87 to 2.24 g/l. For apoB, the centile 2.5 varies from 0.43 to 0.57 g/l, and the centile 97.5 from 1.30 to 1.39 g/l. Only one system has a problem of dispersion with an upper limit equal to 1.20 g/l. These results improve that international standardization allowed actually a good comparability of the results, especially for apoB. AD - Laboratoire du Centre de medecine preventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy. SO - Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1997 Sep;55(5):451-454 UI - 97460961 PM - 9315328 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Behne D AU - Kyriakopoulos A AU - Kalcklosch M AU - Weiss-Nowak C AU - Pfeifer H AU - Gessner H AU - Hammel C TI - Two new selenoproteins found in the prostatic glandular epithelium and in the spermatid nuclei. MH - Animal MH - Cell Nucleus/*METABOLISM MH - Epithelial Cells/METABOLISM MH - Male MH - Prostate/*METABOLISM MH - Proteins/METABOLISM/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Rats MH - Spermatids/*METABOLISM RN - 0 (Proteins) RN - 0 (selenoproteins) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Biomed Environ Sci IS - 0895-3988 JC - AHX PG - 340-345 IP - 2-3 VI - 10 AB - After labeling of rats in vivo with 75Se and protein separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis more than 25 Se-containing bands could be distinguished. Of those proteins which were detected only in certain compartments and might therefore have tissue-specific functions, two were chosen for detailed investigation. A 15 kDa-protein was found in the prostatic epithelium where it accounted for about two thirds of the protein-bound 75Se. It was mainly present in the cytosol but was not released into the prostatic secretion. After gel chromatography it was found in the fraction which contained proteins with molecular masses of about 300 kDa. Using two- dimensional electrophoresis a pI-value of about 4.5 was determined. In the testis a specific Se-containing 34 kDa-protein was observed which appeared after the onset of puberty. It was localized in the spermatid nuclei where it contained about 80% of the Se tracer present and was found to be bound to the DNA. After extraction it partly disintegrated into a 20 kDa-protein. Both compounds contain Se in the form of selenocysteine. The fact that their formation had priority over that of glutathione peroxidase during insufficient Se intake is an indication of their biological significance. Special interest in the prostatic epithelial selenoprotein derives from a possible inverse relationship between the Se status and the incidence of prostate cancer observed in epidemiological studies, whereas with the 34 kDa-selenoprotein its appearance during the condensation phase of the spermatid nuclei might suggest its participation in some processes of sperm maturation. AD - Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Department Trace Elements in Health and Nutrition, Germany. SO - Biomed Environ Sci 1997 Sep;10(2-3):340-345 UI - 98001241 PM - 9341945 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ojima K AU - Takeda M AU - Saiki C AU - Takahashi T AU - Matsumoto S TI - Angioarchitectural classification of the fungiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the bullfrog tongue. MH - Animal MH - Capillaries/ULTRASTRUCTURE MH - Female MH - Male MH - Microcirculation/*ULTRASONOGRAPHY MH - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MH - Models, Structural MH - Rana catesbeiana/*ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Tongue/*BLOOD SUPPLY/*ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY DP - 1997 Oct TA - Anat Anz IS - 0003-2786 JC - 4PE PG - 393-397 IP - 5 VI - 179 AB - In this study, the three-dimensional anatomy of the microvascular structure of fungiform papillae (FuP) on the dorsal surface of the bullfrog tongue has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and angioarchitectural classification has been carried out by means of the capillary loop (L. s) and intra-bridge structure (I. b). FuP from 30 sound bullfrog tongues were used. The following research methods were applied: SEM observation on microvascular cast specimens (MVCS) of bullfrog tongue's FuP were injected with synthetic resin (Mercox). Observation of MVSC showed that the bullfrog tongue FuP consisted of an ascending branch (A. b), L. s, I. b and a descending branch (D. b). Based upon SEM observations of MVCS, FuP can be classified into four types: A, B, C, D types according to A. b, L. s, I. b and D. b. A-type (none I. b) formed from A. b, L. s, D. b only and with no I. b. B-type (one I. b) consisted of A. b, L. s, D. b and one I. b. C-type (two I. b) were composed of A. b, L. s, D. b and two I. b. D-type (three I. b) were composed of A. b, L. s, D. b and three I. b, A. b, L. s, I. b and D. b on each. A, B, C, D types were all same thickness. AD - Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Japan. SO - Anat Anz 1997 Oct;179(5):393-397 UI - 98018696 PM - 9378660 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Shyr LJ AU - Herrera H AU - Haaker R TI - A prioritization and analysis strategy for environmental surveillance results. MH - Cesium Radioisotopes/ANALYSIS MH - Conservation of Natural Resources/*METHODS MH - Environmental Pollution/*PREVENTION & CONTROL MH - Government Agencies MH - Metals/ANALYSIS MH - New Mexico MH - *Radiation Protection MH - Soil Pollutants/ANALYSIS MH - Soil Pollutants, Radioactive/*ANALYSIS MH - Tritium/ANALYSIS MH - United States RN - 10028-17-8 (Tritium) RN - 0 (Soil Pollutants, Radioactive) RN - 0 (Soil Pollutants) RN - 0 (Metals) RN - 0 (Cesium Radioisotopes) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Health Phys IS - 0017-9078 JC - G2H PG - 826-830 IP - 5 VI - 73 AB - DOE facilities are required to conduct environmental surveillance to verify that facility operations are operated within the approved risk envelope and have not caused undue risk to the public and the environment. Given a reduced budget, a strategy for analyzing environmental surveillance data was developed to set priorities for sampling needs. The radiological and metal data collected at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico, were used to demonstrate the analysis strategy. Sampling locations were prioritized for further investigation and the needs for routine sampling. The process of data management, analysis, prioritization, and presentation has been automated through a custom-designed computer tool. Data collected over years can be analyzed and summarized in a short table format for prioritization and decision making. AD - Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0748, USA. SO - Health Phys 1997 Nov;73(5):826-830 UI - 98021946 PM - 9380039 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Vicent GP AU - Monteserin MC AU - Veleiro AS AU - Burton G AU - Lantos CP AU - Galigniana MD TI - 21-Hydroxy-6,19-oxidoprogesterone: a novel synthetic steroid with specific antiglucocorticoid properties in the rat. MH - Aldosterone/METABOLISM MH - Androstanols/METABOLISM MH - Animal MH - Kidney/METABOLISM MH - Male MH - Progesterone/PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/METABOLISM/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/METABOLISM MH - Spironolactone/METABOLISM/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Structure-Activity Relationship MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Thymus Gland/METABOLISM MH - Transcortin/METABOLISM MH - Tritium RN - 9010-38-2 (Transcortin) RN - 84542-26-7 (ZK 91587) RN - 74915-64-3 (RU 28362) RN - 57-83-0 (Progesterone) RN - 52-39-1 (Aldosterone) RN - 52-01-7 (Spironolactone) RN - 10028-17-8 (Tritium) RN - 0 (21-hydroxy-6,19-oxidoprogesterone) RN - 0 (Receptors, Mineralocorticoid) RN - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid) RN - 0 (Androstanols) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Mol Pharmacol IS - 0026-895X JC - NGR PG - 749-753 IP - 4 VI - 52 AB - In the rat, the conformationally highly bent steroid 21-hydroxy-6, 19- oxidoprogesterone efficiently displaces [3H]corticosterone from thymus- glucocorticoid receptors and blocks type II receptors in kidney cytosols but competes with neither [3H]aldosterone for kidney- mineralocorticoid receptors nor [3H]progesterone for uterus- progesterone receptors. It evokes Na+ retention only at very high doses (approximately 100 microg/100 g of rat weight) and is unable to induce tyrosine aminotransferase or to increase glycogen deposits in rat liver. When coincubated with corticosterone or dexamethasone, 2.5 microM 21OH-6OP inhibits 80% of tyrosine aminotransferase induction. It may therefore be used experimentally as an antiglucocorticoid virtually lacking mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid properties as well as affinity for mineralocorticoid or progesterone receptors. AD - Departamentos de Quimica Biologica, Universidad de Buenos Aires and PRHOM-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina. SO - Mol Pharmacol 1997 Oct;52(4):749-753 UI - 97434555 PM - 9288441 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Yatham LN AU - Kusumakar V AU - Parikh SV AU - Haslam DR AU - Matte R AU - Sharma V AU - Kennedy S TI - Bipolar depression: treatment options. MH - Antidepressive Agents/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Bipolar Disorder/PSYCHOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Depressive Disorder/PSYCHOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Electroconvulsive Therapy MH - Human MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Can J Psychiatry IS - 0706-7437 JC - CLR PG - 87S-91S VI - 42 AB - OBJECTIVE: To review studies on treatments for bipolar depression and make recommendations for practising clinicians treating patients with bipolar depression. METHOD: Studies that examined various treatments for bipolar depression were evaluated and rated for evidence of efficacy using Periodic Health Examination criteria. The rating for classification of recommendation for an intervention was made taking both the efficacy and the side effects into consideration. RESULTS: Mood stabilizers, cyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are all effective in treating bipolar depression. Almost all antidepressant treatments with the exception of mood stabilizers have been reported to induce a manic- hypomanic switch and rapid cycling. CONCLUSIONS: Mood stabilizers, lithium in particular, are recommended as the first-line treatment. Addition of a second mood stabilizer or a cyclic antidepressant would be an appropriate next step. Newer agents such as lamotrigine offer considerable promise in treating bipolar depressed patients. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. yatham@unixg.ubc.ca SO - Can J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;42:87S-91S UI - 97372311 PM - 9228551 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Chao J AU - Chao L TI - Kallikrein gene therapy: a new strategy for hypertensive diseases. MH - beta-Galactosidase/METABOLISM MH - Animal MH - Blood Pressure/PHYSIOLOGY/GENETICS/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Cytomegalovirus/GENETICS MH - DNA, Viral/METABOLISM/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/GENETICS MH - *Gene Therapy MH - Genes, Reporter/GENETICS MH - Genetic Vectors/GENETICS MH - Human MH - Hypertension/*THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Injections, Intramuscular MH - Injections, Intraperitoneal MH - Injections, Intravenous MH - Injections, Intraventricular MH - Kallikrein/THERAPEUTIC USE/PHARMACOLOGY/*GENETICS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Kallikrein-Kinin System/*GENETICS MH - Lac Operon MH - Metallothionein/GENETICS MH - Plasmids MH - Promoter Regions (Genetics) MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Sarcoma Viruses, Avian/GENETICS MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Time Factors RN - 9038-94-2 (Metallothionein) RN - 0 (Plasmids) RN - 0 (Genetic Vectors) RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) RN - EC 3.4.21.35 (tissue kallikrein) RN - EC 3.4.21.34 (Kallikrein) RN - EC 3.2.1.23 (beta-Galactosidase) DP - 1997 Jun TA - Immunopharmacology IS - 0162-3109 JC - GY3 PG - 229-236 IP - 2-3 VI - 36 AB - The tissue kallikrein-kinin system has been postulated to play a role in blood pressure homeostasis and the pathogenesis of clinical hypertension. To demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of somatic gene delivery in treating hypertension, we used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a model. The gene encoding the human tissue kallikrein was used because of its powerful hypotensive action. The human kallikrein DNA constructs were placed under the control of the metallothionein metal response element, the cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer or the Rous sarcoma virus 3'-LTR. The human tissue kallikrein DNA constructs were incorporated into adenoviral vectors via homologous recombination. The naked plasmid DNA constructs or adenovirus containing the kallikrein gene were first introduced into kidney 293 cells and the expression of human tissue kallikrein was identified by ELISA. The kallikrein gene was delivered into SHR via intramuscular, intravenous, portal vein, intraperitoneal, and intracerebroventricular routes. A single injection of naked human kallikrein DNA constructs caused a prolonged reduction of high blood pressure for up to 8 weeks. Adenoviral-mediated gene delivery results in high efficiency of human tissue kallikrein expression. Immunoreactive human kallikrein was detected in rat serum at the highest level at 1 day post gene delivery. Portal vein delivery of a reporter gene, AdCMV-LacZ, results in intense staining of beta- galactosidase in rat liver, suggesting that recombinant kallikrein is mainly produced in liver and secreted into the circulation. These results show that kallikrein gene delivery causes a sustained reduction of blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats and provide important information for a potential gene therapy approach to human hypertension and related diseases. AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-2211, USA. SO - Immunopharmacology 1997 Jun;36(2-3):229-236 UI - 97408716 PM - 9263235 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Shimoda N AU - Tashiro T AU - Yamamori H AU - Takagi K AU - Nakajima N AU - Ito I TI - Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 on protein metabolism, gut morphology, and cell-mediated immunity in burned rats. MH - Animal MH - Blood Chemical Analysis MH - Blood Glucose/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS/ANALYSIS MH - Body Weight/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Burns/*METABOLISM/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Dietary Proteins/*METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Human MH - Hypersensitivity, Delayed/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Immunity, Cellular/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Intestine, Small/*DRUG EFFECTS/*ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Kidney/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Male MH - Nitrogen/METABOLISM/ANALYSIS MH - Organ Weight MH - Pancreas/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Recombinant Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Somatotropin/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Stomach/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Thymus Gland/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY RN - 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) RN - 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) RN - 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Dietary Proteins) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) DP - 1997 Jun TA - Nutrition IS - 0899-9007 JC - BEU PG - 540-546 IP - 6 VI - 13 AB - The effects of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were investigated in burned rats. Sprague- Dawley rats were fed exclusively by total parenteral nutrition and were subjected to 20% third-degree scald burns. The rats were then divided into the following three groups: (1) the GH group received GH at a dose of 1 IU.kg-1.d-1 for 2d (n = 10); (2) the IGF group received IGF-1 at a dose of 4 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 2d (n = 19); and (3) the control group received saline (n = 17). Cumulative nitrogen balance increased significantly in the GH (P < 0.01) and IGF (P < 0.01) groups as compared with the control group. There were no differences in nitrogen balance between the GH and IGF groups. Blood glucose was decreased in the IGF group (P < 0.01) and increased in the GH group (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. The intestinal villus height and wall thickness of the GH and IGF groups were significantly greater than those of the control group. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was enhanced in both the GH and the IGF groups as compared with the control group (both P < 0.01). Furthermore, the increase in the IGF group was significantly greater than that in the GH group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that both GH and IGF-1 improve protein metabolism and immune responsiveness, as well as promote proliferation of the intestinal mucosa. AD - First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan. SO - Nutrition 1997 Jun;13(6):540-546 UI - 97467423 PM - 9325098 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kleywegt GJ AU - Zou JY AU - Divne C AU - Davies GJ AU - Sinning I AU - Stahlberg J AU - Reinikainen T AU - Srisodsuk M AU - Teeri TT AU - Jones TA TI - The crystal structure of the catalytic core domain of endoglucanase I from Trichoderma reesei at 3.6 A resolution, and a comparison with related enzymes. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Bacillus/ENZYMOLOGY MH - Binding Sites MH - Cellobiose/METABOLISM MH - Cellulase/*CHEMISTRY MH - Cellulose/METABOLISM MH - Comparative Study MH - Computer Simulation MH - Conserved Sequence MH - Crystallography, X-Ray MH - Hyphomycetes/ENZYMOLOGY MH - Models, Molecular MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Peptide Fragments/*CHEMISTRY MH - Protein Conformation MH - Protein Engineering MH - Sequence Deletion MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Species Specificity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Trichoderma/*ENZYMOLOGY RN - 9004-34-6 (Cellulose) RN - 16462-44-5 (Cellobiose) RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - EC 3.2.1.91 (exo-cellobiohydrolase) RN - EC 3.2.1.4 (Cellulase) SI - PDB/R1EG1SF SI - PDB/1EG1 DP - 1997 Sep 26 TA - J Mol Biol IS - 0022-2836 JC - J6V PG - 383-397 IP - 3 VI - 272 AB - Cellulose is the most abundant polymer in the biosphere. Although generally resistant to degradation, it may be hydrolysed by cellulolytic organisms that have evolved a variety of structurally distinct enzymes, cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases, for this purpose. Endoglucanase I (EG I) is the major endoglucanase produced by the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei, accounting for 5 to 10% of the total amount of cellulases produced by this organism. Together with EG I from Humicola insolens and T. reesei cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I), the enzyme is classified into family 7 of the glycosyl hydrolases, and it catalyses hydrolysis with a net retention of the anomeric configuration.The structure of the catalytic core domain (residues 1 to 371) of EG I from T. reesei has been determined at 3.6 A resolution by the molecular replacement method using the structures of T. reesei CBH I and H. insolens EG I as search models. By employing the 2-fold non- crystallographic symmetry (NCS), the structure was refined successfully, despite the limited resolution. The final model has an R- factor of 0.201 (Rfree 0.258).The structure of EG I reveals an extended, open substrate-binding cleft, rather than a tunnel as found in the homologous cellobiohydrolase CBH I. This confirms the earlier proposal that the tunnel-forming loops in CBH I have been deleted in EG I, which has resulted in an open active site in EG I, enabling it to function as an endoglucanase. Comparison of the structure of EG I with several related enzymes reveals structural similarities, and differences that relate to their biological function in degrading particular substrates. A possible structural explanation of the drastically different pH profiles of T. reesei and H. insolens EG I is proposed. Copyright 1997 Academic Press Limited. AD - Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 24, Sweden. SO - J Mol Biol 1997 Sep 26;272(3):383-397 UI - 97450580 PM - 9305568 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ibebunjo C AU - Eshelby D AU - Donati F AU - Fox GS AU - Tchervenkov JI TI - Tacrine does not alter the potency of succinylcholine in the rat. MH - Administration, Oral MH - Alzheimer Disease/DRUG THERAPY MH - Animal MH - Cholinesterase Inhibitors/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Drug Interactions MH - Electric Stimulation MH - Evoked Potentials/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Female MH - Hindlimb MH - Human MH - Injections, Intravenous MH - Muscle Contraction/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Muscle, Skeletal/INNERVATION/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Neuromuscular Blockade MH - Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Succinylcholine/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tacrine/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE RN - 321-64-2 (Tacrine) RN - 306-40-1 (Succinylcholine) RN - 0 (Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents) RN - 0 (Cholinesterase Inhibitors) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Can J Anaesth IS - 0832-610X JC - C8L PG - 1021-1026 IP - 9 VI - 44 AB - PURPOSE: Tacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to manage Alzheimer's dementia. Given iv, it prolongs succinylcholine blockade in humans but the effects of chronic oral tacrine are not known. METHODS: Groups of adult rats were given 2.5 mg.kg-1 tacrine (chronic groups) or l ml saline (control) twice daily by gavage for one, two, four or eight weeks. An additional (acute) group received 2.5 mg.kg-1 tacrine iv. Twelve to 18 hr after the last gavage of tacrine or saline, and -20 min after iv tacrine, cumulative dose-response curves of succinylcholine were determined in the tibialis and soleus muscles in anaesthetized, ventilated rats during monitoring of evoked twitch response to indirect (nerve) train-of-four stimulation. RESULTS: The ED50 and ED95 of succinylcholine in control rats were (mean +/- SD) 204 +/- 41 and 382 +/- 96 micrograms.kg-1, respectively in the tibialis muscle, and 280 +/- 52 and 629 +/- 168 micrograms.kg-1 in the soleus muscle (P < 0.05 between muscles). In the acute and chronic tacrine groups, the mean ED50 and ED95 ranged from 166-197 and 277-396 micrograms.kg-1., respectively, in the tibialis muscle, and 248-333 and 546-667 micrograms.kg-1, in the soleus muscle. Dose responses did not differ among acute and chronic tacrine groups and the control group. CONCLUSION: Chronic oral tacrine does not alter muscle response to succinylcholine in the rat. This may not apply to Alzheimer patients receiving chronic tacrine since the interaction between acute tacrine and succinylcholine in the rat differs from that in humans. AD - Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. SO - Can J Anaesth 1997 Sep;44(9):1021-1026 UI - 97475362 PM - 9334875 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Strom RD AU - Buki LP AU - Strom SK TI - Intergenerational perceptions of English speaking and Spanish speaking Mexican-American grandparents. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Arizona MH - Child MH - Communication MH - Curriculum MH - *Education MH - Female MH - Human MH - *Intergenerational Relations MH - *Language MH - Male MH - Mexican Americans/*PSYCHOLOGY MH - Mexico/ETHNOLOGY MH - Middle Age MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - Psychometrics MH - Questionnaires MH - Social Work/*ORGANIZATION & ADMINISTRATION DP - 1997 TA - Int J Aging Hum Dev IS - 0091-4150 JC - GQF PG - 1-21 IP - 1 VI - 45 AB - Hispanics are facing a number of problems, such as poverty, hunger, and a high dropout rate at school. Health-care reform and changes in Medicaid and Medicare are bound to further challenge the resiliency of minority families. To strengthen families from within, relevant programming should be implemented. Information regarding the strengths and needs of Mexican-American grandparents was obtained in order to adapt existing grandparenting programs for this population. Mexican- American grandparents (n = 181), parents (n = 148), and grandchildren (n = 173) provided information on grandparent satisfaction, success, teaching, difficulty, frustration, and information needs. Multivariate analyses of variance found differences for English and Spanish speaking grandparents. Spanish speaking grandparents reported a greater need for information than English speaking grandparents, and more frustration when dealing with adolescents than with younger children. For the English speaking grandparents, all of the generations agreed that grandparents under the age of sixty-one experienced more frustration than their older counterparts, and those who spent more than five hours a month with their grandchildren were more effective in their role. Possible factors that account for the findings are discussed and recommendations for establishing a grandparent program are presented. AD - College of Education, Division of Psychology in Education, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-0611, USA. SO - Int J Aging Hum Dev 1997 ;45(1):1-21 UI - 98011254 PM - 9350179 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Liesner R AU - Goldstone AH TI - Treatment of childhood and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. MH - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Bone Marrow Transplantation MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Human MH - Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1/*THERAPY/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2/*THERAPY/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Remission Induction RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined) DP - 1997 TA - J Intern Med Suppl IS - 0955-7873 JC - ABK PG - 29-36 VI - 740 AB - In the last 30 years the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has radically changed and intensified and has resulted in improvements in the chances of cure in children to up to 70% but in adults only 30% will achieve long-term disease-free survival. Data from large therapeutic trials have determined good and poor prognostic risk factors which have been of use in planning risk-directed treatment protocols and can influence the chance of cure. However intensification of treatment has also been associated with increased toxicity and significant late effects, particularly in children. In the future it will be necessary for more international collaboration and a more uniform approach to treatment in order to achieve continued improvements in the survival from this disease. In children it will be necessary to focus efforts on improving treatment of relapsed patients: chemotherapy protocols in those with a first remission of > 36 months, or for the high-risk patients with a shorter first remission, new transplantation approaches directed towards enhancing the graft-versus- leukaemia effect are going to be of increasing importance. In adults, continued efforts will be directed towards improving first remission rates with the use of increasingly intensive chemotherapeutic protocols and growth factors. The use of unrelated donor transplantation is also likely to increase, particularly in patients with 'poor-risk' disease. AD - Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, UK. SO - J Intern Med Suppl 1997 ;740:29-36 UI - 97465502 PM - 9326222 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Neelis KJ AU - Hartong SC AU - Egeland T AU - Thomas GR AU - Eaton DL AU - Wagemaker G TI - The efficacy of single-dose administration of thrombopoietin with coadministration of either granulocyte/macrophage or granulocyte colony- stimulating factor in myelosuppressed rhesus monkeys. MH - Animal MH - Blood Cell Count/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Bone Marrow/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Bone Marrow Diseases/THERAPY/PATHOLOGY/ETIOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Comparative Study MH - Drug Administration Schedule MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Erythropoiesis/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/THERAPEUTIC USE/PHARMACOLOGY/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/THERAPEUTIC USE/PHARMACOLOGY/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Hematopoiesis/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Injections, Intravenous MH - Macaca mulatta MH - Male MH - Neutropenia/DRUG THERAPY/BLOOD MH - Neutrophils MH - Platelet Transfusion MH - Radiation Injuries, Experimental/PATHOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/BLOOD MH - Recombinant Proteins/THERAPEUTIC USE/PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Thrombopoietin/THERAPEUTIC USE/PHARMACOLOGY/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Whole-Body Irradiation RN - 9014-42-0 (Thrombopoietin) RN - 83869-56-1 (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) RN - 143011-72-7 (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) DP - 1997 Oct 1 TA - Blood IS - 0006-4971 JC - A8G PG - 2565-2573 IP - 7 VI - 90 AB - Thrombopoietin (TPO) was evaluated for efficacy in a placebo-controlled study in rhesus monkeys with concurrent administration of either granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or granulocyte CSF, (G-CSF). Rhesus monkeys were subjected to 5 Gy total- body irradiation (TBI), resulting in 3 weeks of profound pancytopenia, and received either TPO 5 microg/kg intravenously (I.V.) at day 1 (n = 4), GM-CSF 25 microg/kg subcutaneously (S.C.) for 14 days (n = 4), TPO and GM-CSF (n = 4), G-CSF 10 microg/kg/d S.C. for 14 days (n = 3), TPO and G-CSF (n = 4), or placebo (carrier, n = 4; historical controls, n = 8). Single-dose I.V. treatment with TPO 1 day after TBI effectively counteracted the need for thrombocyte transfusions (provided whenever thrombocyte levels were <40 x 10(9)/L) and accelerated platelet reconstitution to normal levels 2 weeks earlier than placebo controls. TPO/GM-CSF was more effective than single-dose TPO alone in stimulating thrombocyte regeneration, with a less profound nadir and a further accelerated recovery to normal thrombocyte counts, as well as a slight overshoot to supranormal levels of thrombocytes. Monkeys treated with TPO/GM-CSF uniformly did not require thrombocyte transfusions, whereas those treated with GM-CSF alone needed two to three transfusions, similar to the placebo-treated monkeys, which required, on average, three transfusions. Also, reticulocyte production was stimulated by TPO and further augmented in monkeys treated with TPO/GM-CSF. TPO alone did not stimulate neutrophil regeneration, whereas GM-CSF shortened the period of neutrophil counts less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L by approximately 1 week; TPO/GM-CSF treatment elevated the neutrophil nadir, but did not further accelerate recovery to normal values. TPO also augemented the neturophil response to G-CSF, resulting in similar patterns of reconstitution following TPO/G-CSF and TPO/GM-CSF treatment. TPO/GM-CSF resulted in significantly increased reconstitution of CD34+ bone marrow cells and progenitor cells such as GM-CFU and BFU-E. Adverse effects of combining TPO with the CSFs were not observed. It is concluded that (1) a single I.V. administration of TPO is sufficient to prevent severe thrombocytopenia following myelosuppression, (2) TPO/G-CSF and TPO/GM- CSF treatment result in distinct response patterns, with TPO/GM-CSF being superior to TPO/G-CSF in stimulating thrombocyte and erythrocyte recovery while being equivalent in stimulating neutrophil recovery; and (3) TPO significantly improves the performance of CSFs in alleviating severe neutropenia. AD - Institute of Hematology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. SO - Blood 1997 Oct 1;90(7):2565-2573 UI - 97395767 PM - 9251867 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Raskin SA TI - The relationship between sexual abuse and mild traumatic brain injury. MH - Adult MH - Affect MH - Brain Injuries/PSYCHOLOGY/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Child MH - Child Abuse, Sexual/*PSYCHOLOGY MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cognition Disorders/ETIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Human MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/PSYCHOLOGY DP - 1997 Aug TA - Brain Inj IS - 0269-9052 JC - BRA PG - 587-603 IP - 8 VI - 11 AB - It remains unclear why some individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) complain of cognitive deficits many months after the injury. Given neuropathological changes associated with prolonged stress, such as occurs with repeated sexual abuse (SA), it seems possible that individuals who experienced SA might be predisposed to greater deficits after MTBI. Four groups of subjects were administered measures of cognitive and emotional functioning. These groups were those with MTBI (n = 10), those with a history of SA (n = 10), those with both MTBI and SA (n = 10), and normal control (NC) subjects (n = 10). Compared to the NC subjects, those with MTBI demonstrated deficits in working memory, those with SA demonstrated deficits in executive functioning, and those with both MTBI and SA demonstrated the greatest number of deficits which were in working memory, executive functioning and memory. Tests of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, while demonstrating significant symptoms in all clinical groups, did not correlate with the neuropsychological tests that differentiated the groups. AD - Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106, USA. SO - Brain Inj 1997 Aug;11(8):587-603 UI - 97455790 PM - 9310011 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Sirgel FA AU - Botha FJ AU - Parkin DP AU - Van de Wal BW AU - Schall R AU - Donald PR AU - Mitchison DA TI - The early bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. MH - Adult MH - Anti-Infective Agents, Fluoroquinolone/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Antitubercular Agents/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Ciprofloxacin/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Colony Count, Microbial MH - Comparative Study MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Female MH - Human MH - Isoniazid/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Male MH - Sputum/MICROBIOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/MICROBIOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY RN - 85721-33-1 (Ciprofloxacin) RN - 54-85-3 (Isoniazid) RN - 0 (Antitubercular Agents) RN - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents, Fluoroquinolone) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Am J Respir Crit Care Med IS - 1073-449X JC - BZS PG - 901-905 IP - 3 VI - 156 AB - The early bactericidal activity (EBA) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was measured in 80 patients with previously untreated, smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis by counting viable bacilli in sputum collections during the first 2 d of treatment. Groups of about 10 patients were treated daily with graded doses of CIP or with 300 mg isoniazid or with no drug. The mean EBA, defined as the fall in log CFU/ ml sputum/d, increased from -0.011 in the no drug group to 0.046, 0.092, 0.121, and 0.205 in the groups receiving 250, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 mg CIP, respectively, a highly significant trend. These results demonstrate the antimycobacterial activity of CIP in high dosage, though the mean EBAs of 0.55 and 0.66 in two groups receiving isoniazid were much higher. AD - South African National Tuberculosis Research Programme, Tygerberg, South Africa. SO - Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 Sep;156(3):901-905 UI - 98010937 PM - 9350007 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hamalainen N AU - Pette D TI - Coordinated fast-to-slow transitions of myosin and SERCA isoforms in chronically stimulated muscles of euthyroid and hyperthyroid rabbits. MH - Animal MH - Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase/*METABOLISM/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Electric Stimulation MH - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MH - Hyperthyroidism/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Isoenzymes/METABOLISM/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Muscle, Skeletal/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Myosin/*METABOLISM/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Myosin Heavy Chains/METABOLISM MH - Rabbits MH - Reference Values MH - Regression Analysis MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Thyroid Gland/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Vanadates/PHARMACOLOGY RN - 0 (Vanadates) RN - 0 (Myosin) RN - 0 (Myosin Heavy Chains) RN - 0 (Isoenzymes) RN - EC 3.6.1.38 (Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase) DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Muscle Res Cell Motil IS - 0142-4319 JC - HSN PG - 545-554 IP - 5 VI - 18 AB - Changes in the patterns of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, isomyosins, and Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) isoforms were studied in long- term (72 d) stimulated fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of euthyroid and hyperthyroid rabbits. The chronic low-frequency stimulation-induced fast-to-slow transitions in MHC isoforms, isomyosins and SERCA isoforms were pronounced in muscles from euthyroid rabbits, but less pronounced in muscles from hyperthyroid rabbits. Thus, hyperthyroidism counteracted to same extent the stimulation-induced fast-to-slow transition. Analyses of all parameters were performed on the same individual muscles, providing information on the co-ordinated expression of SERCA and myosin isoforms. A high correlation (r = 0.97) was detected between relative concentrations of slow SERCA2a and slow MHCI isoforms. This correlation persisted under all experimental conditions, suggesting a co-ordinated expression of slow myosin and Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms. Conversely, fast SERCA1a was correlated to fast myosin isoforms as a whole. AD - Fakultat fur Biologie, Universitat Konstanz, Germany. SO - J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1997 Oct;18(5):545-554 UI - 97428849 PM - 9283235 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Fukushima M TI - Profiles of effects of traditional oriental herbal medicines on central nervous systems in humans--assessment of saiboku-to and saiko-ka- ryukotsu-borei-to using EEG and pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine- derived ingredients as indices. MH - Adult MH - Brain/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/PHARMACOKINETICS/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Electroencephalography/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Male RN - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal) RN - 0 (saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to) RN - 0 (saiboku-to) DP - 1997 TA - Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi IS - 0033-2658 JC - QAM PG - 355-369 IP - 6 VI - 99 AB - To elucidate usefulness of traditional oriental herbal medicines in psychiatric fields, we investigated their influences on central nervous systems in humans by using EEG and pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine- derived ingredients as the indices. The subjects were 12 healthy male volunteers who received single oral administration and after that received repeated oral administrations at a daily dose of Saiko-ka- ryukotsu-borei-to or Saiboku-to; EEG was recorded before administration, 1, 3, 6 hours and 10 days after administration. On direct comparison of global field powers calculated from 19-lead EEG before and after administration, it was verified that Saiboku-to possessed effects on central nervous systems. For assessment of pharmacokinetics of ingredients derived from Saiboku-to, pre- and post- treatment serum samples were assayed by HPLC and two ingredients were detected, besides individual differences being observed in their pharmacokinetic profiles. Given that these pharmacokinetics could be interpreted as the phenomena associated with Sho (traditional physical status classifications of patients), the subjects were classified into groups according to individual differences whereby quantitative pharmaco-EEG were employed to elucidate neurotropic effects of Saiboku- to. As the result, following two groups were evidenced: (1) a group demonstrating the mood elevator type after a single administration despite of no changes after repeated administrations, and (2) a group with a shift from the mood elevator type to the nootropics type being observed over time, delineating overt differences in EEG profiles among groups. Consequently, individual differences were evidenced to be involved in onset of neurotropic effects of Saiboku-to, permitting prediction of possible responses following repeated administrations by using EEG profiles. It was also suggested that neurotropic effects of respective ingredients could be anticipated by monitoring the time- course changes of both EEG and plasma levels of these ingredients. In summary, once further studies on oriental herbal medicines might progress based on efficacy assessments of respective ingredients with a clue of the present study, it is conceivable that these findings would play an important role as the objective indices in clinical application of herbal medicines in psychiatric fields, resulting in broadening the usefulness of oriental herbal medicines. AD - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University. SO - Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 1997 ;99(6):355-369 UI - 97477333 PM - 9335543 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Wakabayashi S AU - Ikeda T AU - Iwamoto T AU - Pouyssegur J AU - Shigekawa M TI - Calmodulin-binding autoinhibitory domain controls "pH-sensing" in the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 through sequence-specific interaction. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Binding Sites MH - Calmodulin/PHARMACOLOGY/*METABOLISM MH - Cell Line MH - Cross-Linking Reagents MH - *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Ionomycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Kinetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Peptide Fragments/METABOLISM/CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS/*CHEMISTRY MH - Rats MH - Recombinant Proteins/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Sequence Deletion MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/*METABOLISM/*CHEMISTRY/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Transfection RN - 56092-81-0 (Ionomycin) RN - 0 (Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (NHE-3 protein) RN - 0 (Cross-Linking Reagents) RN - 0 (Calmodulin) RN - 0 (sodium-hydrogen exchanger 2) RN - 0 (growth factor-activatable Na-H exchanger NHE-1) DP - 1997 Oct 21 TA - Biochemistry IS - 0006-2960 JC - A0G PG - 12854-12861 IP - 42 VI - 36 AB - The calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain reduces the affinity of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 for intracellular H+ by exerting an autoinhibitory function in quiescent cells. We replaced this domain (aa 637-656) with homologous segments from other NHE isoforms (NHE2 and 4) or functionally similar regions from other sources (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, CaM-dependent protein kinase II, plasma membrane Ca2+-pump, or CaM- binding peptide Trp3). The NHE-1-, NHE2-, and NHE4-segments bound CaM with Kds of 16, 130, and 27 nM, respectively. These chimeric molecules were expressed in the exchanger-deficient cell PS120. NHE1 with incorporated NHE2-segment was activated in response to Ca2+-mobilizing agents ionomycin and thrombin resulting in an alkaline shift of the intracellular pH (pHi)-dependence of 22Na+ uptake, as was the case with the intact rat NHE2. In contrast, incorporation of the NHE4-segment or other CaM-binding segments induced a constitutive alkaline shift of pHi- dependence with concomitant abolishment of Ca2+-dependent activation, indicating that these segments could not function as an autoinhibitory domain in NHE1. Detailed analyses revealed that Leu639, Lys651 and Tyr652, conserved in the NHE1- and NHE2-segments, but not in the NHE4- segment, are important for the autoinhibition. Furthermore, 125I- labeled CaM-binding peptide from NHE1 was efficiently crosslinked to the NHE1 protein, suggesting that the inhibitory domain physically interacts with part(s) of the molecule. Together, these findings support the notion that the reduction of H+ affinity in Na+/H+ exchange occurs through a mechanism involving a highly sequence-specific interaction of the inhibitory domain with its putative acceptor in NHE1. AD - Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. wak@ri.ncvc.go.jp SO - Biochemistry 1997 Oct 21;36(42):12854-12861 UI - 98016140 PM - 9356063 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Irwin RJ AU - Lerner MR AU - Bealer JF AU - Brackett DJ AU - Tuggle DW TI - Cardiopulmonary physiology of primary blast injury. MH - Animal MH - Blast Injuries/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Heart Injuries/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Hemodynamics MH - Lung/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/*INJURIES MH - Male MH - Prospective Studies MH - Pulmonary Circulation MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Trauma IS - 0022-5282 JC - KAF PG - 650-655 IP - 4 VI - 43 AB - OBJECTIVE: Bomb blast survivors are occasionally found in profound shock and hypoxic without external signs of injury. We investigated the cardiovascular and pulmonary responses of rats subjected to a blast pressure wave. DESIGN: Prospectively randomized, controlled animal study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were instrumented and subjected to a blast pressure wave of different intensities from a blast wave generator. Cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded for 3 hours or until death. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The cardiovascular response to a blast pressure wave was immediate bradycardia, hypotension, and low cardiac index. Three hours later, the rats developed hypotension, low cardiac index, and low stroke volume. Interestingly, systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged. The pulmonary response was a decreased PaO2 and stable PacO2, suggesting a ventilation-perfusion mismatch from massive pulmonary hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Blast-induced circulatory shock resulted from immediate myocardial depression without a compensatory vasoconstriction. Hypoxia presumably resulted from a ventilation-perfusion mismatch caused by pulmonary hemorrhage. AD - Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City 73126, USA. SO - J Trauma 1997 Oct;43(4):650-655 UI - 97465296 PM - 9323920 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Khurana V AU - Kar P AU - Mansharamani N AU - Jain V AU - Kanodia A TI - Differences in hepatitis B markers between clinical and preclinical health care personnel. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Biological Markers/BLOOD MH - Costs and Cost Analysis MH - Female MH - *Health Personnel MH - Hepatitis B/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/IMMUNOLOGY MH - *Hepatitis B Vaccines/ECONOMICS MH - Human MH - India MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Occupational Diseases/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/IMMUNOLOGY RN - 0 (Hepatitis B Vaccines) RN - 0 (Biological Markers) DP - 1997 Apr TA - Trop Gastroenterol IS - 0250-636X JC - WGI PG - 69-71 IP - 2 VI - 18 AB - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an occupational risk for health care personnel (HCP). Vaccination is an important preventive measure but high cost of vaccination limits the feasibility of giving vaccine to all HCP. To find an optimum approach for vaccination we conducted a study on HCP in Maulana Azad Medical College and associated LNJPN hospital. A total of 162 subjects were screened. Eight were excluded because of prior vaccination against HBV. Two groups of subjects were selected namely preclinical and clinical. The preclinical group comprised first year medical students and the clinical group comprised of HCP who have been exposed to clinical departments. The subjects were screened for HBsAg, anti HBs and anti HBc viral markers. 86 subjects were screened in the preclinical group. Two (2.3%) were positive for HBsAG; 16 (18%) and 9 (10.4%) were positive for anti HBs and anti HBc respectively. In the clinical group a total of 68 subjects were screened. Amongst them 1.4% were positive for HBsAg; 47 (69%) and 38 (55%) were positive for anti HBs and anti HBc respectively. The study revealed that there was a significant difference in the titre of the viral markers in the preclinical group as compared to the clinical group. Seventy (82%) of preclinical subjects were at high risk for the infection as they moved into clinical departments. Few subjects will be excluded from the vaccination schedule based on anti HBs screening and hence screening prior to vaccination is not cost effective. However in the clinical group 69% will be excluded from the vaccination schedule based on anti HBs positivity and screening will save up to 60% of cost involved in vaccination. AD - Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. SO - Trop Gastroenterol 1997 Apr;18(2):69-71 UI - 97380650 PM - 9380133 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Leclercq RM AU - Jongmans-Liedekerken AW TI - Malignant pleural mesothelioma in general practice; complex pain problems. MH - Aged MH - Analgesics, Opioid/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Asbestos/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Case Report MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Lung Neoplasms/ETIOLOGY/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Male MH - Mesothelioma/ETIOLOGY/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Middle Age MH - Morphine/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Pain, Intractable/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/ETIOLOGY RN - 57-27-2 (Morphine) RN - 1332-21-4 (Asbestos) RN - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid) DP - 1997 May 31 TA - Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd IS - 0028-2162 JC - NUK PG - 1081-1085 IP - 22 VI - 141 AB - In three patients, men aged 67, 57 and 69 years, malignant pleural mesothelioma was diagnosed. All three had worked as coal miners and were presented with thoracic pain. They were among seven cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosed in a period of five years in one suburban general practice (adherence: 5600 patients) in the former mining area in the province of Limburg. The terminal phase of the disease was characterized by intractable pain. High doses of opioids and adjuvants were necessary to achieve acceptable pain relief. It is suggested that step one of the 'analgesic ladder for cancer pain management' of the WHO (non-opioids) should be followed soon by step three (strong opioids). Because the incidence of pleural mesothelioma is not yet decreasing, it is important to know that pain management remains a serious problem. AD - Universiteit Maastricht, vakgroep Huisartsgeneeskunde. SO - Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1997 May 31;141(22):1081-1085 UI - 97447838 PM - 9303578 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Uhlig S AU - Featherstone RL TI - The interaction of endothelin receptor responses in the isolated perfused rat lung. MH - Animal MH - Bronchoconstriction/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Drug Interactions MH - Endothelin-1/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Endothelins/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Female MH - In Vitro MH - Lung/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS/BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Muscle, Smooth/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Oligopeptides/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Peptide Fragments/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Peptides, Cyclic/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Piperidines/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Receptors, Endothelin/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Vasoconstriction/DRUG EFFECTS MH - 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha/METABOLISM RN - 58962-34-8 (6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha) RN - 142569-99-1 (IRL 1620) RN - 136553-81-6 (BQ 123) RN - 0 (Receptors, Endothelin) RN - 0 (Piperidines) RN - 0 (Peptides, Cyclic) RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (Oligopeptides) RN - 0 (Endothelins) RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) RN - 0 (BQ 788) RN - 0 (endothelin B receptor) RN - 0 (endothelin A receptor) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol IS - 0028-1298 JC - NTQ PG - 392-397 IP - 3 VI - 356 AB - To gain more insight into the complex pulmonary interactions of endothelins (ET), we studied airway and vascular responses to endothelins in isolated perfused rat lungs in the presence of the novel ET(B)-receptor antagonist BQ788. In particular we focused on airway responses and on prostacyclin release. The effectiveness of BQ788 in our system was shown by its ability to concentration-dependently prevent vasoconstriction (IC50 0.1 microM), bronchoconstriction (IC50 0.1 microM) and prostacyclin production (IC50 < 0.1 microM) induced by the ET(B)-receptor agonist IRL1620 (1 nmol). Airway responses to ET-1: ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction was aggravated by BQ123 (1 or 8 microM), while BQ788 pretreatment (1 or 8 microM) showed no significant effect. Simultaneous treatment with 8 microM BQ123 and BQ788 attenuated the ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction. Vascular responses to ET-1: ET-1 (1 nmol)-induced vasoconstriction was potentiated by BQ788 (1 or 8 microM), but attenuated by the ET(A)-receptor antagonist BQ123 (1 microM). In the presence of BQ788 diminished amounts of the stable prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF1alpha were detected in the perfusate. Simultaneous treatment with 8 microM BQ123 and BQ788 completely prevented the ET-1-induced vasoconstriction. Conclusions: Both ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptors contribute to ET-1-induced vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction. The ET-1-induced vasoconstriction is attenuated by stimulation of ET(B)-receptors, a response that is partly mediated by prostacyclin. Due to the mutual interactions between ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptors, simultaneous inhibition of both receptors is required to prevent the deleterious effects of ET-1 on lung functions. AD - Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Germany. SO - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1997 Sep;356(3):392-397 UI - 98000001 PM - 9358126 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Eriksson BI AU - Wille-Jorgensen P AU - Kalebo P AU - Mouret P AU - Rosencher N AU - Bosch P AU - Baur M AU - Ekman S AU - Bach D AU - Lindbratt S AU - Close P TI - A comparison of recombinant hirudin with a low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent thromboembolic complications after total hip replacement. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Anticoagulants/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - *Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip MH - Comparative Study MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Enoxaparin/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Female MH - Hirudin/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Postoperative Complications/*PREVENTION & CONTROL MH - Recombinant Proteins/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Thrombophlebitis/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/ETIOLOGY MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 8001-27-2 (Hirudin) RN - 120993-53-5 (desirudin) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Enoxaparin) RN - 0 (Anticoagulants) DP - 1997 Nov 6 TA - N Engl J Med IS - 0028-4793 JC - NOW PG - 1329-1335 IP - 19 VI - 337 AB - BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo total hip replacement have a high risk of thromboembolic complications. Recombinant hirudin (desirudin), a specific inhibitor of thrombin, represents a new development in antithrombotic therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of desirudin with those of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing primary total hip replacement. METHODS: Both treatments, which were assigned in a randomized, double-blind manner, were started preoperatively: enoxaparin on the evening before surgery, and desirudin within 30 minutes before the start of surgery. The dose of desirudin was 15 mg subcutaneously twice daily, and the dose of enoxaparin was 40 mg subcutaneously once daily. The duration of treatment was 8 to 12 days. Deep-vein thrombosis was verified by bilateral venography performed at the end of the treatment period or earlier, if there were clinical signs of deep-vein thrombosis. RESULTS: At 31 centers in 10 European countries, 2079 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive desirudin or enoxaparin. A total of 1587 patients were included in the primary analysis of efficacy. In the desirudin group, as compared with the enoxaparin group, there was a significantly lower rate of proximal deep-vein thrombosis (4.5 vs. 7.5 percent, P=0.01; relative reduction in risk, 40.3 percent) and a lower overall rate of deep-vein thrombosis (18.4 vs. 25.5 percent, P=0.001; relative reduction in risk, 28.0 percent). The safety profiles were similar in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: When administered 30 minutes before total hip replacement surgery, desirudin is more effective than enoxaparin in preventing deep-vein thrombosis. AD - Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska-Ostra University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden. SO - N Engl J Med 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1329-1335 UI - 97416181 PM - 9377034 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Potrokhov OI AU - Dolgikh DV AU - Kas'ianovskaia VP AU - Shevchenko OI TI - Clinical and functional aspects of adverse effects of toxic substance complexes in firefighters. MH - Adult MH - Comparative Study MH - English Abstract MH - *Fires MH - Hazardous Substances/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Human MH - Male MH - Nervous System Diseases/DIAGNOSIS/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Neurotic Disorders/DIAGNOSIS/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Occupational Diseases/DIAGNOSIS/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - *Occupations MH - Respiratory Tract Diseases/DIAGNOSIS/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Time Factors RN - 0 (Hazardous Substances) DP - 1997 TA - Med Tr Prom Ekol JC - B18 PG - 14-18 VI - 7 AB - The study covered influence of combined toxic chemicals on fire extinguishers. Acute exposure of respiratory and peripheral nervous systems was demonstrated. Consequences of the exposure were proved to include polyneuropathies, neuroses and other health disorders. SO - Med Tr Prom Ekol 1997 ;7:14-18 UI - 97463971 PM - 9322672 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hood DB AU - Kuehne J AU - Yellin AE AU - Weaver FA TI - Vascular complications of thoracic outlet syndrome. MH - Acute Disease MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aneurysm/SURGERY MH - Angioplasty, Balloon MH - Arm/*BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Axillary Vein/PATHOLOGY MH - Cervical Rib Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS MH - Chronic Disease MH - Constriction, Pathologic/ETIOLOGY MH - Edema/ETIOLOGY MH - Embolism/ETIOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Endarterectomy MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Human MH - Intermittent Claudication/ETIOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Peripheral Vascular Diseases/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/*ETIOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Phlebography MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Stents MH - Subclavian Artery/SURGERY/PATHOLOGY MH - Subclavian Vein/PATHOLOGY MH - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome/SURGERY/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Thrombolytic Therapy MH - Thrombosis/ETIOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Treatment Outcome DP - 1997 Oct TA - Am Surg IS - 0003-1348 JC - 43E PG - 913-917 IP - 10 VI - 63 AB - Vascular complications of thoracic outlet syndrome are uncommon but may result in significant long-term disability. This report documents a retrospective review of 17 such patients. Ten patients presented with acute onset of upper extremity swelling and axillosubclavian vein thrombosis. One patient presented with chronic, intermittent arm swelling and subclavian vein stenosis. Three patients presented with acute symptoms of upper extremity emboli, and three presented with chronic arm claudication. Cervical ribs were discovered in four patients with arterial symptoms and in no patients with venous symptoms. All ten patients with acute venous thrombosis underwent successful thrombolysis, with venous stenosis uncovered in 8. Thrombolysis was also performed for two patients with arterial emboli. All 17 patients underwent surgical decompression of the thoracic outlet, 16 via a supraclavicular approach and one via a transaxillary approach. One subclavian arteriotomy with endarterectomy and one resection of a subclavian artery aneurysm were performed at the time of decompression. Repeat venography after decompression demonstrated persistent venous stenosis in one patient that was treated with balloon angioplasty and stenting. After a mean of 22 months' follow-up, 12 patients had no residual symptoms, and 5 had experienced significant improvement of symptoms. In conclusion, a combined approach of thrombolysis and surgical decompression of the thoracic outlet provides a salutary outcome in a majority of patients. AD - Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA. SO - Am Surg 1997 Oct;63(10):913-917 UI - 98021643 PM - 9379505 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Guang SG AU - Ogura T AU - Sekine I AU - Yokozaki M AU - Esumi H AU - Kodama T AU - Nagai K TI - Association between p53 mutation and clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer. MH - Adenocarcinoma/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Base Sequence MH - Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Carcinoma, Large Cell/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*PATHOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Cell Nucleus/ULTRASTRUCTURE MH - Comparative Study MH - Cytosine MH - Disease-Free Survival MH - DNA, Neoplasm/GENETICS MH - Epithelium/PATHOLOGY MH - Exons/GENETICS MH - Female MH - Genes, p53/*GENETICS MH - Guanine MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Lung Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - Mutation/*GENETICS MH - Neoplasm Invasiveness MH - Neoplasm Staging MH - Phenotype MH - Point Mutation MH - Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 73-40-5 (Guanine) RN - 71-30-7 (Cytosine) RN - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Jpn J Clin Oncol IS - 0368-2811 JC - KIN PG - 211-215 IP - 4 VI - 27 AB - Genetic alterations in exons 5-8 of the p53 gene, determined by single- strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing analyses, and the clinicopathological characteristics of 108 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were compared. Mutations in this gene were found in 37 of the 108 patients (34%): in 30% (23/76) of those with adenocarcinomas, 46% (12/26) of those with squamous cell, 33% (1/3) of those with large cell and 33% (1/3) of those with adenosquamous carcinomas. No associations between the incidence of p53 mutations and the histological or cytological subtypes of adenocarcinomas were found. The analysis of types of mutations, however, showed that GC transversion was relatively common in papillary and clara subtypes, whereas it accounted for only 17% at most of p53 mutations in tubular and bronchial surface epithelial cell subtypes of adenocarcinomas. Univariate analyses revealed that large tumor size, high nodal stage and positive vascular invasion of non-small cell lung cancers, and high nodal stage and high-grade nuclear atypia of adenocarcinomas were associated significantly with p53 mutations. Multivariate analyses showed that the tumor sizes of non-small cell lung cancer correlated with p53 mutations with marginal significance (P = 0.099) whereas nuclear atypia of adenocarcinomas correlated significantly (P = 0.028). No differences between the overall or relapse-free survival rates of patients with and without p53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancers or adenocarcinomas were found. These findings indicate that p53 mutations in adenocarcinomas of the lung are associated with the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, but not with patient survival. AD - Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Chiba, Japan. SO - Jpn J Clin Oncol 1997 Aug;27(4):211-215 UI - 97472541 PM - 9331500 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - al-Fiar F AU - Prince HM AU - Imrie K AU - Stewart AK AU - Crump M AU - Keating A TI - Bone marrow mononuclear cell count does not predict neutrophil and platelet recovery following autologous bone marrow transplant: value of the colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) assay. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - *Blood Platelets MH - *Bone Marrow Transplantation MH - *Colony-Forming Units Assay MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Female MH - Granulocytes MH - Hodgkin Disease/THERAPY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Human MH - Leukemia, Myeloid/THERAPY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Leukocyte Count MH - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*CYTOLOGY MH - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/THERAPY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Macrophages MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - *Neutrophils MH - Predictive Value of Tests MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Transplantation, Autologous RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Cell Transplant IS - 0963-6897 JC - B02 PG - 491-495 IP - 5 VI - 6 AB - The common use of the marrow autograft mononuclear cell (MNC) count derives from positive correlative studies following allogeneic transplantation and from earlier conflicting data regarding the value of the bone marrow autograft colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) assay for prediction hematologic recovery after ABMT. We conducted a retrospective analysis at our institution to determine whether autograft CFU-GM levels predict engraftment of neutrophils and platelets after ABMT in heavily pretreated patients with hematologic malignancies. Between 1 January 1993 and 1 March 1995, 58 heavily pretreated patients received only marrow cells as the autograft product. Patients with Hodgkin's disease (n = 25), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 19), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 14) underwent intensive therapy with etoposide and melphalan. Unpurged marrow containing a minimum of 1.5 x 10(8)/kg (range: 1.5-4.8) was infused. Median time to an absolute neutrophil count > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 21 days (range 10-270) and median time to a platelet count > or = 20 x 10(9)/L independent of transfusions was 44 days (range 13-317). There was no correlation between autograft MNC count and neutrophil or platelet engraftment. However, a correlation between autograft CFU-GM and both platelet and neutrophil recovery was demonstrated with a threshold CFU-GM of 3 x 10(4)/kg; delayed neutrophil recovery was observed in 79% of patients below this threshold compared to only 9% in those with an autograft CFU-GM level of more than 3 x 10(4)/kg (p = 0.0001). Similarly, platelet recovery was delayed in 76% of patients below, and 20% of those above this threshold (p = 0.003). We conclude that marrow autograft CFU-GM is predictive of engraftment of both platelets and neutrophils in heavily pretreated patients after ABMT for hematological malignancies. AD - University of Toronto Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada. SO - Cell Transplant 1997 Sep;6(5):491-495 UI - 98018038 PM - 9382486 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Aubes-Dufau I AU - Combes D TI - Effect of different proteases on bitterness of hemoglobin hydrolysates. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Butanols MH - Cattle MH - Chromatography, Gel MH - Hemoglobins/*CHEMISTRY MH - Human MH - Hydrolysis MH - Molecular Weight MH - Peptide Fragments/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY MH - *Peptide Peptidohydrolases MH - Subtilisins MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Taste MH - Ultrafiltration RN - 78-92-2 (2-butanol) RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (Hemoglobins) RN - 0 (Butanols) RN - EC 3.4.21.- (Subtilisins) RN - EC 3.4.- (Peptide Peptidohydrolases) DP - 1997 Jul TA - Appl Biochem Biotechnol IS - 0273-2289 JC - 6KJ PG - 127-138 IP - 1-2 VI - 67 AB - Hemoglobin was hydrolyzed by several enzymes (Proctase, Alcalase, Neutrase, papain). Hydrolysates were analyzed (degree of hydrolysis, gel permeation on Superose 12 column, tasting) and fractionated by ultrafiltration and 2-butanol extraction. The bitter peptides were isolated and identified. The results were compared with those already obtained with peptic hemoglobin hydrolysates. All the findings were confirmed. Ultrafiltration concentrated bitter compounds in the fraction corresponding to 500-5000 Da, and these compounds were selectively extracted by 2-butanol. All the bitter peptides belonged to the same fragment of the beta-chain of bovine hemoglobin. Finally, the use of a Superose 12 chromatographic column for easy detection of bitter hydrolysates without sensory analysis could be generalized for hemoglobin hydrolysates. AD - INSA, Centre de Bioingenierie Gilbert Durand (UMR 5504, L.A. INRA), Complexe Scientifique de Rangueil, Toulouse, France. SO - Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1997 Jul;67(1-2):127-138 UI - 97474311 PM - 9335335 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Aparicio OM AU - Weinstein DM AU - Bell SP TI - Components and dynamics of DNA replication complexes in S. cerevisiae: redistribution of MCM proteins and Cdc45p during S phase. MH - Carrier Proteins/*METABOLISM MH - Cell Cycle/GENETICS MH - Cell Cycle Proteins/METABOLISM MH - DNA Replication/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - DNA-Binding Proteins/*METABOLISM MH - DNA, Fungal/*METABOLISM/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Fungal Proteins/*METABOLISM MH - Hydroxyurea/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Models, Genetic MH - Nuclear Proteins/*METABOLISM MH - Replication Origin/GENETICS MH - Ribonucleotide Reductases/PHARMACOLOGY MH - S Phase/GENETICS MH - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*GENETICS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 127-07-1 (Hydroxyurea) RN - 122544-18-7 (CDC6 protein) RN - 0 (XMCM7 protein) RN - 0 (RRR1 protein) RN - 0 (Nuclear Proteins) RN - 0 (Fungal Proteins) RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (DNA, Fungal) RN - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins) RN - 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins) RN - 0 (Cdc45 protein) RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - EC 1.17.4 (Ribonucleotide Reductases) DP - 1997 Oct 3 TA - Cell IS - 0092-8674 JC - CQ4 PG - 59-69 IP - 1 VI - 91 AB - In S. cerevisiae, the chromatin structure of DNA replication origins changes as cells become competent for DNA replication, suggesting that G1 phase-specific association of replication factors with origin DNA regulates entry into S phase. We demonstrate that ORC, Cdc45p, and MCM proteins are components of prereplication complexes (pre-RC). The MCM- origin association is dependent upon ORC and Cdc6p. During S phase, MCM proteins and Cdc45p dissociate from origin DNA and associate with nonorigin DNA with similar kinetics as DNA Polymerase epsilon, which is present at DNA replication forks. Our results identify protein components of the pre-RC and a novel replication complex appearing at the G1/S transition (the RC), and suggest that after initiation MCM proteins and Cdc45p move with eukaryotic replication forks. AD - Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA. SO - Cell 1997 Oct 3;91(1):59-69 UI - 97471317 PM - 9330258 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Carwardine SL AU - Hurd H TI - Effects of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection on Anopheles stephensi egg development and resorption. MH - Aedes/PARASITOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Animal MH - Anopheles/*PARASITOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - *Fertility MH - Host-Parasite Relations MH - Malaria/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Oocytes/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Ovary/PHYSIOLOGY MH - *Oviposition MH - Parasitemia/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Plasmodium yoelii/PATHOGENICITY/*PHYSIOLOGY DP - 1997 Jul TA - Med Vet Entomol IS - 0269-283X JC - A9O PG - 265-269 IP - 3 VI - 11 AB - It has been shown previously that infection with Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis reduces the number of eggs produced by female Anopheles stephensi. Here we examine the mechanism underlying fecundity reduction. Ovaries from infected and uninfected (control) female mosquitoes were examined 12, 24 or 36 h after blood-feeding during the first gonotrophic cycle (replicated) or the second gonotrophic cycle (unreplicated). Follicular development was assessed according to Christophers' stages and the proportions of developing and resorbing follicles per ovary were determined. Resorption of some follicles commenced within 12 h of blood-feeding, affecting significantly more follicles in the infected females: 1.1% v. 3.2%. The difference was greatest 36 h after blood-feeding: 25% reduction (10 v. 35%) in the first cycle; 16% reduction (9 v. 25%) in the second gonotrophic cycle. The mean speed of oogenesis was also found to be significantly retarded in infected mosquitoes. During the second gonotrophic cycle, for example, only 92-94% of follicles reached stage III by 24 h and stage IV by 36 h in infected females, whereas all the developing follicles of uninfected females reached these stages more or less synchronously in the time specified. AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, U.K. SO - Med Vet Entomol 1997 Jul;11(3):265-269 UI - 98004266 PM - 9346280 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sarno S AU - Vaglio P AU - Marin O AU - Meggio F AU - Issinger OG AU - Pinna LA TI - Basic residues in the 74-83 and 191-198 segments of protein kinase CK2 catalytic subunit are implicated in negative but not in positive regulation by the beta-subunit. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Binding Sites MH - Calmodulin/METABOLISM MH - Down-Regulation (Physiology) MH - Enzyme Activation MH - Heparin/METABOLISM MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation MH - Peptide Fragments/*METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Phosphorylation MH - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 9005-49-6 (Heparin) RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (Calmodulin) RN - EC 2.7.10.- (casein kinase II) RN - EC 2.7.10 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases) DP - 1997 Sep 1 TA - Eur J Biochem IS - 0014-2956 JC - EMZ PG - 290-295 IP - 2 VI - 248 AB - Protein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous pleiotropic serine/threonine protein kinase whose holoenzyme is comprised of two catalytic (alpha and/or alpha') and two non-catalytic, beta-subunits. The beta-subunit possesses antagonist functions that can be physically dissected by generating synthetic fragments encompassing its N-terminal and C- terminal domains. Here we show that by mutating basic residues in the 74-77 and in the 191-198 regions of the alpha-subunit, the negative regulation by the beta-subunit and by its N-terminal synthetic fragment CK2beta-(1-77), which is observable using calmodulin as a substrate for phosphorylation, is drastically reduced. In contrast, the positive regulation by a C-terminal, CK2beta-(155-215)-peptide is unaffected or even increased. Moreover, the basal activity of alpha mutants K74-77A, K79R80K83A, and R191R195K198A toward specific peptide substrates is stimulated by the beta-subunit many fold more than that of alpha wild type, while extrastimulation by beta mutant D55L56E57A, observable with alpha wild type, is abolished with these mutants. These data support the conclusion that down regulation by the acidic residues clustered in the N-terminal moiety of beta is mediated by basic residues in the 74- 83 and in the 191-198 sequences of the alpha-subunit. These are also implicated in substrate recognition consistent with the concept that the N-terminal acidic region of the beta subunit operates as a pseudosubstrate. In contrast, another CK2alpha mutant, V66A, is more sensitive to inhibition by either beta-subunit or its N-terminal, CK2beta-(1-77)-peptide, while its stimulation by the C-terminal peptide, CK2beta-(155-215), is comparable to that of alpha wild type. These observations suggest an indirect role of Val66 in conferring to the alpha-subunit a conformation less sensitive to down regulation by beta-subunit. AD - Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Universita' di Padova and Centro per lo Studio delle Biomembrane del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy. SO - Eur J Biochem 1997 Sep 1;248(2):290-295 UI - 98027736 PM - 9378063 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nolte W AU - Figulla HR AU - Ringe B AU - Wiltfang J AU - Munke H AU - Hartmann H AU - Pausch J AU - Ramadori G TI - Refractory hydrothorax in primary biliary cirrhosis: successful treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt. MH - Case Report MH - Diuretics/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Hydrothorax/ULTRASONOGRAPHY/THERAPY/*SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/ETIOLOGY MH - Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Middle Age MH - *Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic MH - Thoracostomy RN - 0 (Diuretics) DP - 1997 Oct 17 TA - Dtsch Med Wochenschr IS - 0012-0472 JC - ECL PG - 1275-1280 IP - 42 VI - 122 AB - HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 55-year-old woman with known primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was hospitalized because of increasing dyspnoea. A year before she had for the first time experienced a right- sided pleural effusion which had to be drained every 4 weeks. Physical examination revealed dullness on percussion and greatly decreased breath sounds on auscultation over the entire right thorax. In addition there were signs of moderate ascites and leg oedema. INVESTIGATIONS: Chest radiograph showed a homogeneous shadowing of the right thorax without mediastinal shift. Diagnostic thoracocentesis produced a serous effusion, a transudate on chemical analysis, comparable to the composition of the ascitic fluid. Bacteriological and cytological tests on both fluids were unremarkable. TREATMENT AND COURSE: The right pleural effusion was presumed to be due to a hydrothorax from the ascites caused by portal hypertension associated with the PBC. Despite continuous diuretic treatment and thoracocentesis with albumin substitution every 3 days there was no improvement and implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) was performed. This effectively lowered portal pressure and markedly improved the patient's condition so that further thoracocentesis were no longer necessary. 3 weeks after TIPSS implantation she was discharged in good condition. Radiography 3 weeks later demonstrated continued reduction in the hydrothorax. CONCLUSION: Hydrothorax is a rare complication of liver cirrhosis. TIPSS implantation can provide lasting resolution and corresponding clinical improvement of a hydrothorax, especially in those conditions which are refractory to diuretic treatment and thoracocentesis. AD - Abteilung Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie, Stadtische Kliniken Kassel. SO - Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1997 Oct 17;122(42):1275-1280 UI - 98005306 PM - 9345446 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Diamond BJ AU - Kim H AU - DeLuca J AU - Cordero DL TI - Cardiovascular regulation in multiple sclerosis. MH - Adult MH - Analysis of Variance MH - *Cardiovascular Physiology MH - Female MH - Heart Rate/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Multiple Sclerosis/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - Reaction Time MH - Respiration/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Spirometry MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Vagus Nerve/PHYSIOLOGY DP - 1995 Nov TA - Mult Scler IS - 1352-4585 JC - CRO PG - 156-162 IP - 3 VI - 1 AB - Traditional assessments of autonomic nervous system function have depended on invasive and complex procedures. Vagal power, which is the respiratory component of heart rate variability (HRV) is an alternative and non-invasive measure for indexing autonomic nervous control of the heart. In the current study, 18 multiple sclerosis (MS) and 20 healthy subjects matched with respect to age, education and intelligence served as subjects. The MS group showed significantly lower vagal power during natural and paced breathing than healthy subjects. Importantly, heart rate did not differ between the two groups. If MS patients exhibit abnormalities in mechanisms mediating cardiac parasympathetic control, the impact on quality of life and vulnerability to adverse cardiac events need to be further evaluated. The results of this study may have implications with respect to the feasibility of using HRV as both a diagnostic and prognostic tool for evaluating parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction and in providing valuable information for developing more effective treatment and rehabilitation strategies. AD - Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, Department of Research, West Orange, New Jersey 07052, USA. SO - Mult Scler 1995 Nov;1(3):156-162 UI - 97461241 PM - 9316922 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Franzen C AU - Altfeld M AU - Hegener P AU - Hartmann P AU - Arendt G AU - Jablonowski H AU - Rockstroh J AU - Diehl V AU - Salzberger B AU - Fatkenheuer G TI - Limited value of PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in blood from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. MH - Human MH - HIV Infections/*PARASITOLOGY/COMPLICATIONS MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*METHODS MH - Predictive Value of Tests MH - Tomography MH - Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/*DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS/BLOOD DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Clin Microbiol IS - 0095-1137 JC - HSH PG - 2639-2641 IP - 10 VI - 35 AB - Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a common, opportunistic, and often life- threatening disease in HIV-infected patients. Diagnosis is supported mainly by clinical evidence and computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans, but brain images may share features with other brain diseases occurring in HIV-infected patients. To determine the diagnostic value of PCR for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in blood from HIV-infected patients, we examined 89 blood samples from 59 HIV- infected patients. PCR and Southern blot hybridization were done with DNA extracted from blood samples from 20 patients with confirmed cerebral toxoplasmosis and from 10 patients with suspected but not confirmed cerebral toxoplasmosis. The samples were taken before and 7 to 10 days after the beginning of antiparasitic therapy. For 9 patients who suffered from cerebral toxoplasmosis more than 6 months prior to the study and for 20 patients without any evidence for toxoplasmosis only one blood sample per patient was examined. PCR gave positive results with 5 of the 20 blood samples from patients who suffered from cerebral toxoplasmosis. After 7 to 10 days of therapy PCR results became negative in all these five cases. No amplification was seen with DNA from blood samples from the other 54 patients as the target. The results presented here show that PCR testing of blood samples from HIV- infected patients is of limited value for the diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis. The sensitivity was only 25%, but the specificity was very high (100%), so this technique may be useful for discriminating between cerebral toxoplasmosis and other brain diseases which may be mistaken for toxoplasmosis. AD - Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany. Caspar.Franzen@Uni-Koeln.DE SO - J Clin Microbiol 1997 Oct;35(10):2639-2641 UI - 97442049 PM - 9296268 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Bashir MM AU - Abrams WR AU - Rosenbloom J TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of the bovine tuftelin gene. MH - Alternative Splicing MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Blotting, Northern MH - Cattle MH - Cloning, Molecular/*METHODS MH - Dental Enamel Proteins/*GENETICS MH - DNA, Complementary/GENETICS MH - Exons/GENETICS MH - Genomic Library MH - Introns/GENETICS MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA/METHODS MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transcription, Genetic RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary) RN - 0 (Dental Enamel Proteins) RN - 0 (enamelin) DP - 1997 Jul TA - Arch Oral Biol IS - 0003-9969 JC - 83M PG - 489-496 IP - 7 VI - 42 AB - The bovine tuftelin gene was cloned and its structure determined by DNA sequence analysis and comparison to that of bovine tuftelin cDNA. The analyses demonstrated that the cDNA contains a 1014-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 338 residues with a calculated mol. wt of 38,630 and an isoelectric point of 5.85. These results differ from those previously published, (1991) which contained a different conceptual amino acid sequence for the carboxy terminal region and identified a different termination codon. The protein does not appear to share homology or domain motifs with any other known protein. The gene consists of 13 exons ranging in size from 66 to 1531 bp, the latter containing the encoded carboxyterminal and 3' untranslated regions. The exons are embedded in more than 28 kbp of genomic DNA. Codons are generally not divided at exon/intron borders. Several alternatively spliced transcripts were identified by DNA sequence analysis of the isolated products produced by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction. AD - Research Center in Oral Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA. SO - Arch Oral Biol 1997 Jul;42(7):489-496 UI - 98001330 PM - 9343165 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Thome KC AU - Radfar A AU - Rosenberg N TI - Mutation of Tp53 contributes to the malignant phenotype of Abelson virus-transformed lymphoid cells. MH - Abelson Leukemia Virus/*GENETICS MH - Amino Acid Substitution MH - Apoptosis/RADIATION EFFECTS MH - B-Lymphocytes/VIROLOGY MH - Cell Transformation, Viral/*GENETICS MH - Cells, Cultured MH - DNA Damage MH - Gamma Rays MH - *Genes, p53 MH - Mutation MH - Protein p53/PHYSIOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transcription Factors/GENETICS RN - 0 (Transcription Factors) RN - 0 (Protein p53) DP - 1997 Nov TA - J Virol IS - 0022-538X JC - KCV PG - 8149-8156 IP - 11 VI - 71 AB - Abelson murine leukemia virus transforms pre-B cells in vitro and induces rapid-onset pre-B-cell lymphoma in vivo. Expression of an active v-Abl protein tyrosine kinase is required for the oncogenic functions of the virus. Despite the strong growth-stimulatory signal provided by v-Abl, the virus-induced tumors are clonal or oligoclonal, and changes in the growth and oncogenic potential of in vitro transformants occur during the derivation of the cell lines. Both of these features suggest that v-Abl expression must be complemented by changes in expression of one or more cellular genes for cells to acquire a fully malignant phenotype. Such genes could include other oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Among the latter is Tp53, a gene mutated in many spontaneous cancers. To determine if mutation of the Tp53 tumor suppressor gene plays a role in Abelson virus transformation, conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to examine p53 expression in a panel of Abelson virus-transformed pre-B cells. Expression of mutant forms of p53 was detected in over 40% of the isolates. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of point mutations affecting the highly conserved central portion of the protein. These mutations interfered with the ability of p53 to activate transcription from a promoter containing p53-responsive elements and to induce apoptosis in response to DNA damage. In addition, cells expressing mutant forms of p53 induced a higher frequency of tumors with a more rapid course compared to transformants expressing wild-type p53. These data suggest that Tp53 is one important cellular gene involved in malignant transformation by Abelson virus. AD - Department of Pathology and Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. SO - J Virol 1997 Nov;71(11):8149-8156 UI - 98016256 PM - 9351973 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Murakoshi H AU - Shi G AU - Scannevin RH AU - Trimmer JS TI - Phosphorylation of the Kv2.1 K+ channel alters voltage-dependent activation. MH - Animal MH - Brain/METABOLISM MH - COS Cells/METABOLISM MH - Membrane Potentials MH - Patch-Clamp Techniques MH - Phosphorylation MH - Point Mutation MH - Potassium Channels/*PHYSIOLOGY/METABOLISM/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - Precipitin Tests MH - Rats MH - Serine/CHEMISTRY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transfection RN - 56-45-1 (Serine) RN - 0 (Potassium Channels) RN - 0 (delayed rectifier potassium channel) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Mol Pharmacol IS - 0026-895X JC - NGR PG - 821-828 IP - 5 VI - 52 AB - The voltage-gated delayed-rectifier-type K+ channel Kv2.1 is expressed in high-density clusters on the soma and proximal dendrites of mammalian central neurons; thus, dynamic regulation of Kv2.1 would be predicted to have an impact on dendritic excitability. Rat brain Kv2.1 polypeptides are phosphorylated extensively, leading to a dramatically increased molecular mass on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Phosphoamino acid analysis of Kv2.1 expressed in transfected cells and labeled in vivo with 32P shows that phosphorylation was restricted to serine residues and that a truncation mutant, DeltaC318, which lacks the last 318 amino acids in the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus, was phosphorylated to a much lesser degree than was wild-type Kv2.1. Whole- cell patch-clamp studies showed that the voltage-dependence of activation of DeltaC318 was shifted to more negative membrane potentials than Kv2.1 without differences in macroscopic kinetics; however, the differences in the voltage-dependence of activation between Kv2.1 and DeltaC318 were eliminated by in vivo intracellular application of alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that these differences were due to differential phosphorylation. Similar analyses of other truncation and point mutants indicated that the phosphorylation sites responsible for the observed differences in voltage-dependent activation lie between amino acids 667 and 853 near the distal end of the Kv2.1 carboxyl terminus. Together, these parallel biochemical and electrophysiological results provide direct evidence that the voltage- dependent activation of the delayed-rectifier K+ channel Kv2. 1 can be modulated by direct phosphorylation of the channel protein; such modulation of Kv2.1 could dynamically regulate dendritic excitability. AD - Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA. SO - Mol Pharmacol 1997 Nov;52(5):821-828 UI - 97455255 PM - 9309626 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ruby BC AU - Robergs RA AU - Waters DL AU - Burge M AU - Mermier C AU - Stolarczyk L TI - Effects of estradiol on substrate turnover during exercise in amenorrheic females. MH - Administration, Cutaneous MH - Adult MH - Amenorrhea/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Energy Metabolism MH - Estradiol/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Estrogen Replacement Therapy MH - Exercise/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Glucose/*METABOLISM MH - Glycerol/METABOLISM MH - Human MH - Sports/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 56-81-5 (Glycerol) RN - 50-99-7 (Glucose) RN - 50-28-2 (Estradiol) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Med Sci Sports Exerc IS - 0195-9131 JC - MG8 PG - 1160-1169 IP - 9 VI - 29 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of transdermal estradiol (E2) replacement on substrate utilization during exercise. Amenorrheic females (N = 6) performed three exercise trials following 72 h of placebo (C 72) and 72 and 144 h of medicated transdermal estradiol (E2) treatment (E2 72 and E2 144). Exercise involved 90 min of treadmill running at 65% VO2max followed by timed exercise to exhaustion at 85% VO2max. Resting blood samples were obtained for glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), and E2. Exercise blood samples were obtained for E2, lactate, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Rates of appearance and disposal were calculated for glucose and glycerol using a primed, continuous infusion of [6,6-2H] glucose and [2H5] glycerol. Medicated transdermal placement increased E2 significantly at rest, before exercise (35.03 +/- 12.3, 69.5 +/- 20.1, and 73.1 +/- 31.6 pg.mL-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05). Resting FFA increased significantly following E2 treatment (0.28 +/- 0.16, 0.41 +/- 0.27, and 0.40 +/- 0.21 mmol.L-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05). Glucose Ra was significantly decreased during exercise as a result of E2 replacement (21.9 +/- 7.7, 18.9 +/- 6.2, and 18.9 +/- 5.6 mumol.kg- 1.min-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05). Average glucose Rd also decreased during exercise as a result of E2 replacement (21.3 +/- 7.8, 18.5 +/- 6.4, and 18.6 +/- 5.8 mumol.kg- 1.min-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05). However, the estimated relative contribution of plasma glucose and muscle glycogen to total carbohydrate oxidation was similar among the trials. Epinephrine values were significantly lower late in exercise during the E2 72 and E2 144 trials, compared with the C 72 trial (P < 0.05). These results indicate that elevated E2 levels can alter glucose metabolism at rest and during moderate intensity exercise as a result of decreased gluconeogenesis, epinephrine secretion, and/or glucose transport. AD - Center for Exercise and Applied Human Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-1258, USA. ruby@selway.umt.edu SO - Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997 Sep;29(9):1160-1169 UI - 97442109 PM - 9296327 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Spigset O AU - Carieborg L AU - Ohman R AU - Norstrom A TI - Excretion of citalopram in breast milk. MH - Adult MH - Antidepressive Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE/*METABOLISM MH - Breast Feeding MH - Citalopram/THERAPEUTIC USE/*METABOLISM MH - Comparative Study MH - Depressive Disorder/METABOLISM/DRUG THERAPY MH - Female MH - Human MH - Infant MH - Milk, Human/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY MH - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/THERAPEUTIC USE/*METABOLISM MH - Triglycerides/CHEMISTRY RN - 59729-33-8 (Citalopram) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 0 (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Br J Clin Pharmacol IS - 0306-5251 JC - AU9 PG - 295-298 IP - 3 VI - 44 AB - AIMS: The objective of this study was to measure to secretion of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram in breast milk. METHODS: The excretion of citalopram in breast milk was studied at steady-state conditions in two patients with depression and in one healthy volunteer after ingestion of a single dose citalopram. RESULTS: Milk/serum concentration ratios based on single pairs of samples from the two patients ranged from 1.16 to 1.88. Based on milk concentration data from the patients, the absolute dose ingested by a suckling infant would be 4.3-17.6 micrograms kg-1 day-1, and the relative dose 0.7-5.9% of the weight-adjusted maternal dose. Based on area-under-the-time- concentration curves from the healthy volunteer, the milk/serum ratio was 1.00, the absolute dose to the infant during steady-state conditions would be 11.2 micrograms kg-1 day-1 and the relative dose 1.8% of the weight-adjusted maternal dose. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the relative dose to a suckling infant is close to that reported for fluoxetine, and higher than reported for fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline. AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Norrland University Hospital, Umea, Sweden. SO - Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997 Sep;44(3):295-298 UI - 98006419 PM - 9348196 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Skinner DC AU - Caraty A AU - Malpaux B AU - Evans NP TI - Simultaneous measurement of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid and hypophyseal portal blood of the ewe. MH - Animal MH - Estradiol/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Female MH - Gonadorelin/*CEREBROSPINAL FLUID/*BLOOD MH - LH/BLOOD MH - Ovariectomy MH - Pituitary Gland/*BLOOD SUPPLY MH - Pulsatile Flow MH - Sheep MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Time Factors RN - 9002-67-9 (LH) RN - 50-28-2 (Estradiol) RN - 33515-09-2 (Gonadorelin) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Endocrinology IS - 0013-7227 JC - EGZ PG - 4699-4704 IP - 11 VI - 138 AB - GnRH is present in the hypophyseal portal blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of several species investigated, including sheep, but the precise relationship between these two compartments of GnRH is unknown. In the present study, ovariectomized steroid-treated ewes were surgically prepared for the simultaneous collection of portal blood and third ventricular CSF. Ten-minute samples were collected for pulse analysis after progesterone removal and hourly for comparisons during the estradiol-induced LH surge. The time of onset of the portal (15.3 +/- 0.5 h after estradiol) and CSF (15.9 +/- 0.2 h) GnRH surges was similar and occurred coincidentally with the LH surge (15.6 +/- 0.4 h). The period of the surge during which GnRH concentrations exceeded half- maximal levels (portal, 7.3 +/- 1.5 h; CSF, 7.3 +/- 0.3 h) was the same and outlasted the corresponding LH surge period (3.3 +/- 0.3 h). LH pulses started and peaked later than the corresponding portal GnRH pulses (onset difference, 10 +/- 1 min; peak difference, 16 +/- 1 min; P < 0.01 for both), but the times of pulse onset and peak were not significantly different from those of concomitant CSF GnRH pulses (onset difference, 8 +/- 6 min; peak difference, 8 +/- 4 min). Although the times of pulse onset and peak did not differ between the portal and CSF GnRH compartments (onset difference, 4 +/- 6 min; peak difference, 6 +/- 2 min), CSF GnRH pulses were longer than their portal counterparts (CSF, 38 +/- 3 min; portal, 15 +/- 1 min; P < 0.01). The amplitude of jugular LH pulses was strongly correlated (r2 = 0.85) with portal GnRH pulse amplitude, but not with that of CSF GnRH pulses (r2 = 0.45); there was no correlation between portal and CSF GnRH pulse amplitudes (r2 = 0.25). These data show that third ventricular CSF GnRH reliably relates neurosecretory events occurring within the hypophyseal portal system at the time of the preovulatory LH surge, but is not as precise as portal GnRH in marking a LH pulse. AD - Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. skinner@tours.inra.fr SO - Endocrinology 1997 Nov;138(11):4699-4704